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This could be a full linked open date URI or an internal identifier"}],"FileFormat":[{"label":"File Format","value":"application\/pdf","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dc:format"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.; Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]."}],"FullText":[{"label":"Full Text","value":" r Graduate\nCaterpillar\nDiesel.. \u25a0\na\nw&dlt\nmalting},\n6\u00a9k\u00ab\u00bbB\nAUG 5   W\nJ. SOODOPCOSKJO' (\u00a7\u00a9o LWLDo\n^ \u201e    \"(3AffIll3P0(lQ,&B\"    .\nj     \u00a9OS'U'BOSQO'ffQQS   C?0Q   So So\n\u00a3. O\nJULV, 1944 Laux-Glued\nBridge\nManufactured by Unit Structures\nInc., the basic engineering studies\nnecessary to the successful design of\nsuch arches was done in the U.S.\nForest Products Laboratory and\nshows not only the strength of such\narches but the graceful lines of the\nbridge give evidence of the architectural advantages inherent in the\nlaminated-with-glue arch construction. Hundreds of arches built on\nthe U.S.F.P.L. standards and employing Laucks Glues, are now in use\nin hangars, gymnasiums, warehouses,\nrecreation centers, chapels, etc. . . .\n\"Your Glue Headquarters\"\nI. f. LAUCKS LTD.\nGranville Island, Vancouver, Canada\nIn Stock for IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT\nFIBERGLAS\n(\"It Lasts Because It's Glass\")\nNo. 60 Molded\nPIPE INSULATION\nSizes:   Yz\" to 12\"\n*   High Insulating Efficiency.\n\u2022   Light Weight.\n\u2022   Not Affected by Moisture.\n\u2022   Easy to Apply. i\nF. DREXEL CO. LTD.\nTelephone HAstings  5241-2\n831 POWELL ST. VANCOUVER, B. C.\n\\What Drex Sells Excels\nHOISTING WINCHES\nmflCHinERV and EQUIPmCIlT\nSTEEL FABRICATORS\nWESTMINSTER IRON WORKS\nCOMPANY    LIMITED\n66-lOlh  St., New Westminster, B.C.\nManufacturers Since 1874 Th\nGRADUATE CHRONICLE\nPublished by the Alumni Association of\nthe University of British Columbia\nJULY, 1944\nM, <f 7\nEditor: Darrell T. Braidwood, M.A., Barrister at Law\nAssociate Editor: A. D. Creer, M.E.I.C, M.Inst.C.E.\nAssistant Editors:\nDorothy Taylor, B.A.; Donald A. C. McGill, B.A.\nBusiness Manager: W. E. G. Macdonald\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\n*\nPage\nSUBSTANTIALLY FULL WORTHWHILE\nEMPLOYMENT\u2014By A. L. Carruthers, Chief\nEngineer, Provincial Department of Public Works    2\nSTUDENT RESIDENCES    9\nPROPOSED EIGHT-MILE TUNNEL  __ 10\nTHE ENGINEER-STATESMAN   12\nANNUAL MEETING OF DOMINION COUNCIL OF\nPROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS  17\nEDITORIAL VIEWS\nTHE PHYSIOLOGY OF HIGH ALTITUDE\nFLIGHT\t\n18\n20\nWHAT IS WRONG AT THE UNIVERSITY?  22\nCORRESPONDENCE\u2014Views of Writers on\nCollective Bargaining for Professional Engineers  26\nPROFESSIONAL VERSUS ROUTINE  32\nUNIVERSITY WOMEN'S CLUB  __ 33\nEditorial Office: j^^ Qffke:\nAlumni Assn. Office,\n\u201e 16 - 555 Howe Street\nBrock Bldg.,\nUniversity of B. C. Vancouver, B. C.\nPublished at Vancouver, British Columbia.\nc*o$t*f&^\n%- 1944\nIbrarv\nSYNTRON\nPULSATING MAGNET\nElectric  Vibrators\nwith Rheostat Controlled Power\n\u2022 Vibrating Containers to\nincrease their weight\ncontents.\n\u2022 Vibrating Screens to increase their capacity.\n* Vibrating Bins, Hoppers\nand Chutes to keep material flowing freely.\n\u2022 Vibrating Forms to\neliminate air pockets\nand voids.\nI HOW THEY OPERATE\nThe electronic valve in the Controller changes alternating current to pulsating waves with a time interval\nbetween each wave. These give the vibrators a long\nstroke, consequently amplitude or power not possible\non straight A.C. This is an exclusive, patented Syntron\nfeature.\nILLUSTRATED\nSimple, Electromagnetic Vibrators that set up\na flow of powerful vibrations\nfrom alternating\ncurrent.\nComplete facilities for servicing all types of\nelectrical power equipment.\n&oss**&\nMACHINERY CO.LTD.\n8BE BEACH AVENUE   PACIFIC 5461\nVANCOUVER B.C. Substantially Full\n^#to\\\u00ab\nIn dealing with social and economic problems, people\nare very prone to forget the fundamentals, to forget to\ntake into account nature and her laws and men and their\nways.\nHeredity and environment are important factors in\nhuman affairs, but the most important factor of all is\nman's response to life as he understands it; That he can\nlift himself upwards in spite of serious handicaps is quite\npossible; indeed the handicaps may be the needed spur to\nsupreme effort; but unfortunately they may be such as to\nbreak him down in futility and defeat.\nOur duty to each other may be expressed in a few\nwords; namely, to see that each and every citizen has a\nfair chance to make a proper response to life, a worthwhile contribution to the welfare of all. That cannot\npossibly be done unless there is substantially full, worthwhile employment for all those prepared to render satisfactory service.\nMuch is being said to the effect that there must be no\nemployment, be an end to poverty and distress, that peace\nand plenty should reign and the four freedoms be guaranteed to all. But these great benefits are not going to be\nmade available simply by wiping out certain powerful interests, by getting rid of certain wicked men, by establishing some new social order. Be that as it may great responsibilities are contingent upon 'those benefits. Peace, plenty\nand freedom of themselves cannot release us from observance of the moral code, the practice of the golden rule.\nThere remains forever the duty \"to do justly, love mercy\nand walk humbly.\" We cannot live down injustice; we\nmust correct it. If we refuse to extend mercy we cannot\nexpect to obtain it. If in search of truth we must walk\nhumbly or we shall never find it.\nWhile employment will always be a world problem, the\nsolution insofar as this country is concerned will devolve\nupon ourselves. Much perhaps can be learned from other\ncountries and to some extent our future will depend upon\nwhat they may do. On the other hand we must solve the\nproblem for ourselves and in doing so take into account\nour own history, progress, geography, resources, climate\nand more particularly our own people. What may work\nquite satisfactorily in other countries may be a dismal failure here.\nThe proposals to be presented herein are based upon\nfundamentals in human relations and in our own social\neconomy. It is contended that they are very valid under\nany social and economic system that may be adopted and\nare accepted as valid by all right minded citizens, otherwise the proposals will lack the support essential to their\nsuccess. These fundamentals will now be presented.\ni^w^\nI\nBy A. L. CARRUTHERS,\nChief Engineer, Provincial Department of Public Works.\nI\n1. There should be no rights without duties and no\nprivileges without responsibilities; and this should apply to\nall citizens, everybody. If men with health, education, skill\nor capabilities of any kind and especially those owning or\ncontrolling property, wealth and the means of production\ndemand their rights and privileges without discharging\ntheir duties and responsibilities in the years to come, this\ncountry is headed for disaster. All this emphasis on rights\nand privileges, all this abuse of power, all this taking everything one can get and giving as little as possible in return,\ncan end only in one thing; namely, everybody ultimately\nwill suffer. There is a very disturbing lack of discipline, a\nlow sense of honour and integrity prevalent in every class\nin the country. It is hoped and believed that the majority\nof our people do not mean it to be so; but they have permitted and supported their class organizations in abuse of\ntheir power. The tendency has been generally to get all you\ncan, your efficiency and pay will be measured by what you\ncan get for us.\n2. The social unit is the family, not the individual, the\ncommunity or the state. Without the family the individual\nand the state would soon cease to exist. The birthrate is\nbecoming a great national, race and empire problem. Within the walls of the home are inspired all our most compelling emotions. It is life as lived around the fireside that\nis of prime national importance. The resounding sermons\nand speeches on the worth of human personality, the rights\nof the common man and the glory of the state are just so\nmuch wasted breath unless thoughts, affections, plans and\nefforts are inspired and directed primarily to make possible\na high standard of family life. After all, what is this standard of living so much talked about? If asked to gauge\nthe standard, let us see your homes, your show places need\nnot be inspected. Our post-war rehabilitation will fail miserably if our efforts as a whole do not culminate in respectable family life.\n3. People are perturbed about the manifest moral bankruptcy which is abroad. Governments, business concerns,\nlabour unions and individuals neglect and in some cases\nrefuse to keep their word, abide by their agreements, pay\ntheir debts. Their defense is that they are unable to do so;\nthe system is wrong or others don't do it if they can help\nit, why should we?\nThere are hosts of people (thank God) who still have\na high sense of honour; they do not believe that stability\nand equity of human affairs is at all possible so long as\nsome people neglect or refuse to pay for goods and services\nwhich they receive. It is all too plain that someone, somewhere, somehow must pay. It is far too easy to pass it off\nwith the general statement that society should foot the\nbills.\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE 4. It is complained that modern life is so upsetting,\nso confusing, so nerve racking, we will all go 'mental.'\nSo we will, if we don't simplify it for ourselves. Life is\ncomplex but so is an ordinary wool sock. Even the high-\nbrowed intellectual cannot explain how the stitches are\nlinked together let alone how the heel is turned; but his\npractical wife who never got beyond public school understands it well and can knit a pair complete for his Ph. D.\ncold feet. Fortunately for him she keeps right on knitting\nonly mildly interested in his dissertations on the new social\norder, the new world of substitutes, all made by machines\n(an unhappy, dull world indeed without sheep, wool, yarn\nand knitting needles).\nWe are organized to death largely to interfere in other\npeople's businesss at other people's expense; wasting our\nown time and what is more serious\u2014confusing people with\nreal work to do. We have to be constantly reminded to\ngive the trained man the tools and the job and leave him\nalone. An educated, trained and experienced man soon\nsimplifies life for himself. He must do so. The most complicated machine to the amateur, is simplicity itself to the\nskilled machinist. To attain simplicity is to master the art\nof living together successfully and gracefully. Experienced, capable people are having their daily round and common task made unbearable by a succession of rules, regulations and interference on the part of authorities and organizations contributing little or nothing to the national welfare.\n5. National wealth may be properly defined as consisting\nof those things, facilities and services which contribute\nto the common safety and welfare. So defined, national\nwealth can be built up only by producing good-quality,\ndesirable goods and services at low relative costs. This is\nan economic law. Note that the goods and services must\nbe of good quality and desirable, and the costs low with\nrespect to the cost of living. In other words, the national\neffort as a whole must be profitable.\nThe thrifty, hard-working, capable people of the country are being upset and confused by advocates of a national economy that does not require that we compete in price,\nquality and service, that thrift is unnecessary and perhaps\na mistake, that it is possible as a nation to get something\nfor nothing. To our forefathers these were economic heresies\u2014and they still are. Waste, idleness, inefficiency, thrif t-\nlessncss and gambling are economic sins. So long as we require the goods and services of other countries we will\nhave to compete in world markets. In spite of tariffs, embargoes, quotas, subsidies and subventions the prices paid\nand obtained by the nation as a whole are world prices\nand no more. We can compete and trade on those terms\nor do without\u2014facts which cannot be over emphasized.\nFuthermore, as long as we have drought, floods, epidemics, poor crops, war and other calamities and so long\nas we have obligations falling due or expansions and improvements necessary in the future we must save. True,\nwe must spend to save but it also true we must save to be\nable to spend. A lazy, thriftless nation cannot hope to be\nsolvent let alone prosperous anymore than a farmer can\nhope to have a crop if he has not saved seed grain, prepared\nthe ground and sown the seed. To people with sense these\nare simple economic facts which they accept without question; but there are very vocal citizens who ignore these\nfacts and are misleading those that haven't given the matter\nmuch thought.\n6. No one in his sane mind believes that a nation can\nreally prosper and progress without skill and work;  nor\ndoes he believe that national security is possible in this\nman's world otherwise. Futhermore, mental and physical\nhealth and strength are not possible without hard mental\nand physical work. To teach young pepole that but for\nsome wicked men or some bad system they would not have\nto work more than a very few hours per day and have all\nthey need or desire, be comfortable, happy and secure is\nsheer madness. Nations that settle down after this war\nin comfort and idleness will be wiped out and it will not\nrequire another war to bring about their defeat. They will\nbe pushed off the map by the onward march of enterprising\npeoples. The unrelenting struggle goes on, war or no war,\nand we must not be misled by grandiose dreams of a mil-\nlenium.\n7. Hopes of what science and the machine can do for\nus are too sanguine altogether. For the most part all they\ndo is make available for our use quickly and in great\nquantities our natural resources. Many of these are not\nreplenishable. We will reap only the one crop. Oh, but\nyou say, how about substitutes? Yes, but these in turn are\nlargely derived from other diminishing sources. We must\npossess ourselves of the disturbing fact that the machine\nwill bankrupt us unless we soon learn to direct its use to\nproducing those things which in the years to come will\nprove profitable and not wasteful. To continue to slash\ndown and cut up our forests, our national heritage, our\none great crop, which took hundreds of years to produce,\nand sell in the world's markets to buy goods and services\nof little or no real value is plain economic suicide. Science\nand the machine should be directed mainly to taking the\ndrudgery out of life and releasing our people for finer and\nmore profitable work.\n8. People are not going to surrender the measure of\nfreedom they have been accustomed to without a fight\nnot even on the promise of a Heaven on earth. They will\nrebel against being pushed into Heaven, even if that were\npossible; especially if Heaven is to be peopled by the\n'pushers.' During the present emergency they will submit\nto taxation, regulations and restrictions but there is bound\nto be a profound reaction to all this as soon as the emergency has passed. Those talking revolution should understand that the degree to which people will surrender their\nfreedom will be determined by themselves or a counter\nrevolution will be in the making.\n9. The contention that all wealth is produced by labour\nis at best half-truth. Even if both mental and physical\neffort are included in the term 'labour,' the contention has\nto be qualified. Without capable management, forethought,\nskill and sustained effort on the part of all concerned,\nthe results will be wasteful and unprofitable. To a degree\nsheer luck is a factor in human affairs, and we have about\nas much control over luck as we have over the weather;\nwe simply have to make the best of it. Of this, however,\nwe can be fairly certain,\u2014Dame Fortune may smile on the\nwide awake but laughs at the fast asleep.\n10. That there is such a thing as a labour 'market' is\nin itself a reproach. The thought of it should blast us out\nof our complacency. That able-bodied, willing men should\nat times have to queue up day after day on the chance of\na few days work, or that an employer at other times should\nhave difficulty in securing satisfactory workmen or men of\nany kind, shows that we are constantly faced with conditions beyond our control or there is something lacking\nin our management and control of human affairs, and\nsomething must be done about it.\nJULY, 1944 It is not always practicable or wise to over simplify\nbut if asked to reduce our post-war problem to one word\u2014\nit is\u2014JOBS\u2014decent, steady worthwhile jobs for all. We\ncan then close, pull down and burn up that old institution, the labour market.\n11. The wives and mothers of Canada have a better\nsense of economics than the men. It has been well and truly\nsaid that national economy is no different to household\neconomy. Certainly women are much more aware than\nmen of what is best for the family. One of the most heartfelt wishes expressed by the women of Canada is: \"I wish\nmy husband, my son, had a good, steady job.\" They know\nthat it makes for security, contentment, assured annual\nincome, proper planning for future needs and all-round\nsatisfactory family life. There is an appalling amount of\nanxiety and distress simply due to the fact that the husband and father may come home without a job and no\nother job in sight. There is a lot of marital difficulty and\ndomestic unhappiness, the result of the husband hanging\naround home, walking the streets, or frequenting beer parlors for want of anything better to do.\n12. As governmental authorities and financial industrial\nconcerns expand, as management and technical operations\nbecome more highly mechanized, the ratio of salaried\nemployees to wage earners steadily increases; but when\nplants are closed down or their output reduced, wage earners are immediately discharged but the salaried employees\nare largely retained. The answer ususually is that the\norganization must be held together but the loss must be\ncut down. That answer is not sufficient. There is an opinion widely held that this is an injustice which must be\ncorrected. The wage earner is essential to the enterprise,\nwhy should he alone be made to suffer? Cannot industry\nbe so conducted that shareholders, management, salaried\nand wage-earning employees be all treated as essential\nelements in the enterprise, each with duties and responsibilities to the whole, prepared to invest, plan and work,\ngive and take, live and let live? Until industry has learned\nhow to live it is not civilized.\n13. Perhaps the fundamental cause of strife between\ncapital and labour is the fact that thousands of employees\nfeel that they are treated as if they are not essential and\ncan be dispensed with, they don't belong anywhere or to\nanything or anybody insofar as their services are concerned.\nNaturally they decide to join a union in order to get recognition and secure fair treatment. On the other hand management at times feels that labour unions have no proper\nsense of their responsibilities, cannot be depended upon to\nabide by their agreements, are not prepared to give and\ntake. Thus we have industrial strife which like all strife\nbears down hardest on innocent neutrals. It is significant\nthat there are few labour troubles in concerns where employees are steadily employed. They become part of the\nconcern, known, respected, and (as years go by) indispensable in the opinion of the management. Also their\nannual incomes are relatively high. Too much emphasis\nis put upon daily wage and too little on annual income\nwhich is what really matters. The highest wages paid are\nin the building construction industry but the annual incomes of the employees are the second lowest in the country.\n14. Proper human relations are not possible unless the\nemployee is free in his choice of a job and the employer\nfree in his choice of help; but in the exercise of this freedom thei'e must be in all things substantial justice to both\nparties concerned. Employment by the month would tend\nstrongly towards both parties using care in making the\nchoice and once made to stick to that choice and the longer\nthe association continues on agreeable terms the less chance\nthere is of injustice being attempted. Young men would\napproach their life's work with more thought and care.\nManagement would take more care in selecting and training men. At present the initial employer-employee relationship is taken far too lightly. The employer says \"I\ncan get another man,\" and the employee \"I can get another job,\" which makes for industrial and social instability. Of course, this is far from being all there is to\nlabour relations but we are considering only one phase of\nit at the moment.\n15. When one begins to discuss social, economic and\nindustrial changes the question is raised \"but how about\nthe finance?\" The answers we get are often ill-considered\nand generally the emphasis is on things not people. Out\nof all the discussion about finance it is self-evident that\nin the long fun and as a nation, whether we so plan it or\nnot, we have to provide all our people with a subsistence\nby way of wages, salaries and incomes or by doles, relief,\nunemployment, sickness and other benefits. The most expensive and demoralizing way is by doles, as we have seen\nmany times but never learned. Why is it that we continue\nto finance things with little regard to people? Resources\nin the ground are almost worthless. It is the skill and\nlabour expended on them that gives them value. If finance was seized of its responsibility in this respect, that\ncome what may the salaries of so many people will have to\nbe paid, the whole economic system would be steadied and\nimproved. Management would hesitate to take on business\nrequiring a sudden increase in staff with little chance of\nthat business continuing. Governments would budget on a\nbasis of so many employees, equipment, etc., to be steadily\nemployed. Expansions would be more carefully planned\nwith more regard for permanence. A check would be put\nupon wild-catting, exploitation and waste. It would appear at times that millions can be obtained to finance\nmachines, equipment and buildings (much of which is\nimported) make a big show until someone gets cold feet,\nthen close the whole thing down, discharge employees without one thought of what happens to them. The remains\nof this kind of finance are scattered all over the land. Let\nus finance our people, the primary indispensable asset of\nthe country. Assuming there are, say, 3,000,000 employable people; they should have an average annual per capita income of, say, $1,800.00, or a total of national income\nof 5,400 million. Finance, industry and governments\nshould undertake to maintain the national income at that\nlevel. Impossible you may say. Alright, we have to set\nup relief. In the depression years up to 1937 there was\nspent on relief alone in Canada, 768 million dollars, a\nclassic case of, 'we pay if we do and we pay if we don't.'\n16. Steadily employed salaried people are the best risks\nin the country. For the most part they pay their bills,\nown their own homes, take proper care of their families,\nprovide their own security, pay their taxes, budget their\nexpenditures, avoid strife, support worthy community\nservices, resist booms and remain steady in a depression.\nThat booms and depressions can be completely levelled\noff is not possible but certainly with a large part of our\npeople in the salaried and steady income class a more stable\neconomy would result. About 90% of all national income\nis expressed finally in pay envelopes.    The annual total in\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE those envelopes determines the economic state of the nation,\nnot the dividends on investments.\n17. Some advocates of social security seem to base their\nplans upon the assumption that young men seek a life\nwithout worry, struggle, risks or disappointments\u2014a comfortable, non competitive, feather-bed existence. This\nis in the main face a false assumption. Young manhood\nasks no favours, courts adventure and danger, and will\ntake on competitors in any enterprise. All that they ask,.\nall that the returned men will ask, is a chance to show\nwhat they can do.\nIn proposals to deal with social security we are going\non the defensive. In a new country like Canada that may\nmean defeat. We should attack the problem; reduce unemployment, prevent a large percentage of accidents, wipe\nout epidemics and improve the general health, reduce the\ncost of raising a family and extend the period of useful\nliving.\nSocial security is advisable and necessary up to a point;\nbut when it is predicated upon a sick or going-to-be sick\ncountry, when it fosters a life that is on the defensive,\nlulls us into a false security, a Maginot Line instead of a\nspringboard for attack on those things that lower National\nvitality and strength, the security intended will prove\nfalse.\nThere still remains the inevitable hazards of life but\nthese can be and should be provided for by some sane insurance scheme supported by all citizens with incomes.\nThe mainstay of any plan of security will be the steadily\nemployed and their pay envelopes, the only thing that\nwill make social security secure.\n18. The small mills, shops, stores, farms and other\nsmall enterprises, and the professions, each employing less\nthan ten people, give employment and provide incomes to\nmore people (believe it or not) than all industry combined.\nThese middle class employers are largely unorganized and\nare ground between the millstones of unorganized industry\nand labour. That they survive is due to their own hard\nwork, enterprise and personal attention to business and is\none strong argument in favour of the small, privately-\nowned industry and business. The more we have of them\nand the more prosperous they are, the sounder is our whole\neconomy. It is all very well for organized industry to congratulate themselves on the attainment of higher wages,\nshorter hours and better prices, but these can only be sustained if unorganized consumers are able and willing to\npay them. It is so easy and often so advantageous to make\nmuch of big enterprise and big people and to neglect and\nforget the little enterprise and little people.\n19. Industry is becoming so completely mechanized\nand can produce in such quantities and at such low prices,\nthat even the most optimistic men of affairs hold out\nlittle hopes of full employment under normal peacetime\nconditions.\nThe argument that because we can do so in war we\ncan do so in peace is unsound and misleading for two simple\nreasons: the men in the armed services are not producers\nand a large part that is produced is immediately destroyed.\nIn other words, only the least able part of our employable\npeople are producing to supply an unlimited and to a large\nextent a non-competitive market. For want of any better\nidea to support their contention some go so far as to advocate that we continue the same destructive process;\nnamely, keep the shipyards going and sink the ships as\nsoon as they are built if we have no use for them. That\nsane people should even suggest such a solution is incred\nible. Others suggest we undertake huge national projects,\nundreamed of developments on an ever increasing scale in\nnumber and size. Providing these are or soon will be needed\nand worthwhile in our economy this proposal has definite\nmerit but cannot be a complete solution. Others again\nfall back on the defensive and suggest shorter hours, earlier\nretirement, unemployment insurance and all the other\nsecurity benefits. There is a real national danger in this.\nCompetitor nations may decide to take the offensive and\nby full employment, long hours and the maximum use of\nmachines bring about our defeat. Also, what kind of\npeople are we anyway? A sick, debilitated, faint-hearted,\nease-loving race ready for the hospital, sanitarium, old\npeople's home or the grave? If so then by all means the\nBeveridge plan.\nMake no mistake about it, victory to the United Nations will not of itself guarantee to us here in Canada the\nfour freedoms or a worthy destiny. Our whole future will\nbe determined by the quality of our goods, our services and\nour people. It is quality that distinguishes a great people,\nthat ultimately wins. Quality, and nothing else, won the\nbattle of Britain.\nOur junk heaps, our dilapidated houses and buildings,\nour broken-down and obsolete industrial plants, our stores\nfilled with shoddy goods are no credit to us. Thousands\nof our homes are shabby, many not fit for human habitation. We ought to be ashamed of our cities\u2014largely un-\npaved, very few boulevards, neglected parks, obsolete and\ndefective sanitary systems, polluted watercourses. Our\nhighways are for the most part unimproved dirt roads.\nMany of our public buildings are \"with order, symmetry or taste unblest.\" Most of our rural communities are\nwithout the ordinary conveniences. Much of the country\nis down at the heels, stuck in the mud. We have spread\nourselves over a vast country, developed power and set\nmachines to work on a quantity production basis, the maximum number of things with the fewest number of people;\nmillions of things submerging and frustrating a few people.\nIt is when we undertake to produce quality goods and\nservices that skill and time are required. A machine and\none operator can rough out great quantities in little time\nbut it takes the skilled artisan a long time to put: on the\nfinish and give the product the quality. To check the\nwaste of our natural resources we must go hard over to\nquality production. There is much less material in a fine\nwatch than in an alarm clock. There is as much material\nbut much less work in a six-room $5,000.00 house than\nin a six-room $10,000.00 house. The artist uses only a\nfew brushes, a few ounces of paint and a few square feet\nof canvas to produce a masterpiece but it takes months\nof artistic effort.\nBoth time and materials are largely wasted in poor-\nquality quantity production. High quality work requires\nhigh quality brains and skill, years of training and practice.\nIt commands a high price in the market, hence we can\nafford to pay the producer a high price for his services.\nThe national and individual income may therefore be high\nfor the same time and materials expended and a larger number of our workers become artsians.\nHigh quality products and services have a value that\ncannot be measured in dollars. Honest pride in one's work\nis a great uplifter. It is quality that inspires and helps\nmen on the road to high attainments. It is an established\nfact that there are almost no skilled artisans in our penal\ninstitutions and mental hospitals. Why not then apply\noccupational therapy before people have to go to our in-\nJULY, 1944 stitutions when it is generally too late? Why not stop\ngorging the machine and starving the workers -bodily,\nmentally and spiritually?\nCanada will shortly face an export market problem.\nTo a large extent our exports are raw or only roughly\nmanufactured products. These can be produced by machines and well-paid labour at world prices only so long as\nour immediately available resources and foreign markets\nhold out; but if these fail we will be forced to further\nincrease plants, reduce payrolls and mine out our resources\nin the quickest way possible. Already we have gone far along\nthis road. The export market has been represented as our\nonly salvation; but to have and to hold it we may be paying\ntoo high a price. At times it would appear that we move\nour resources bodily and in the raw state into world markets. With more skilled, better paid and more steadily employed people we should be able to place in those markets\nfinished, quality products requiring less material, less cargo\nspace but more skilled labour to produce.\nCertainly it is not recommended nor considered advise-\nable or possible to dispense with the\" machine. The argument is for better machines, better workmen, better pay,\nbetter products, a better, more interesting and satisfying\nlife for all.\nBut you say, the export market? They demand our\ncheap, raw products. They will just have to do without\nthem and we would be well advised to buy less of their\ncheap manufactured articles. It is what we get in return\nfor our products which matters to us.\nDefinite Proposals\nThere are three things should be done and ways and\nmeans found to do them; namely:\n1. Hopes of solving our difficulties by simply producing\nmore things must be abandoned in favour of\nbetter things, better services and better people.\n2. Ways should be found to finance people to provide\nthe goods and services rather than finance goods\nand services which people may not need or cannot\nbuy.\n3. As far as it is humanly and economically possible,\nplace all employable people in steady, worthwhile\njobs, preferably salaried positions.\nWays and Means\nIt is quite beyond the scope of this address (paper)\nto lay down definite ways and means. Attention will,\ntherefore, be directed to a few practical suggestions only.\nHow they are to be carried out will be left for the most\npart for further consideration and discussion.\nReference will be made to certain governmental councils and boards. The exact nature and duties of these are\nnot discussed. They already exist or are proposed by Postwar Planning Committees whose work in this regard is\nwell worth consideration.\na. Not Mare But Better Things\nIt is urged that we go hard over to better goods and\nservices, that the emphasis be placed on quality rather than\nquantity.\nTo succeed it will be necessary to begin with the young\nand the very young at that. Parents, teachers will have\nto undertake to train and educate them to do their best,\nto appreciate the fine things, abhor the crude, shabby and\ndrab, to foster and encourage everything that is clean and\nwholesome, commend and reward progress and condemn\nslackness and undisciplined conduct.\nAs maturity approaches, our youth must be persuaded\nof the great truth that training for life's work is an essential prerequisite to a satisfactory way of life. They must\ndivorce from their minds the thought that they can really\nsucceed by 'pull' or trickery.\nProbation and apprentice systems should be expanded\nand made obligatory in all professions, trades and services.\nDefinite recognized standards of attainment and experience\nshould be required of those seeking membership in the\nlearned and skilled arts and for promotion therein. More\nand more, distinction and rewards should go exclusively\nto an aristocracy of brains and accomplishment.\nOur Engineering and Architectural Institutes should\nrevise and raise their specifications and buildings codes.\nAll food, building materials, workmanship, shop and living\nconditions should be subjected to careful inspection; health\nand safety regulations enforced. It is quite true that industrialists are constantly trying to improve production\nbut if better quality is not demanded they will hesitate to\nprovide it. Our people have been altogether too slow to\nappreciate and demand quality goods and service, perhaps\npartly because they are shifted around too much and never\nseem to get settled down to living gracefully in permanent\nhomes. Producers will soon respond to a consumer's market demanding better quality.\nScientific and industrial research (government and private) can be of great service in searching out our better\nproducts, improved methods and more efficient devices.\nWe should abandon the idea that because a product is new\nit is necessarily better. It should be submitted first to a\nsevere test.\nThe women of Canada who actually spend a very large\npercent of the whole national income (not all on themselves of course) could exert a profound influence in\nputting this part of the plan into operation. All they\nneed do is\u2014refuse to buy shoddy goods, to live in badly\ndesigned houses or to put up with poor services. If they\nwould demand the best for the purpose intended, our standards would soon go up, especially if they threaten a\nbuyers' strike\u2014the most salutary and effective strike possible.\nb. Finance People Rather Than Goods\nHow is this to be done? It cannot be done until we\nget firmly in our minds that come what may all our employable people must be assured of worthwhile work and\nannual incomes commensurate with the services rendered.\nFinance and management will have to face the stern\nrealities. After all they hardly need to be told that they\nare on trial. If it is still necessary (and that would seem\nnot so) their duties will have to be set out in no uncertain\nterms.   Perhaps we can leave it at that.\nBut finance has every right to ask\u2014what are you going\nto do with the money? Employers, management and labour\nmust undertake to direct their efforts and spend that money\nonly on high-quality, worthwhile, desirable and marketable goods and services at prices that will result in an increase in national wealth and well-being, and will sustain\nat  all times a firm confidence in our will and ability to\npay-\nThis brings us face to face with rehabilitation programs. Projects proposed should be carefully reviewed,\ncriticized, revised and selected by carefully chosen planning\nboards critical of every expenditure proposed.   The mere\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE fact that a project will provide employment is not sufficient. The most worthwhile should be given prioity, and\nthose economically unsound struck off the list.\nGiven worthwhile projects failure can still result unless the approved plans are placed in the hands of managers\nand workmen that know how to get things done well and\neconomically. Slackness and inefficiency resulting from\nany cause must not be permitted. It is quite proper and\nto be expected that those providing the funds will refuse\nto invest in badly managed, poorly built projects. Thus\nit follows that those representing finance should be included in national planning boards, and be fully advised\nas to where and how the money is to be spent.\nHaving determined the number of those needing employment, expenditure budgets should be based upon the\ntotal required to furnish annual incomes for all employable\npeople in accordance with their will and ability to produce;\nin other words, budget for the people rather than for the\njob. There is no end to worthwhile projects, why is it\nthat we stop work because there is no balance in a ledger\naccount covering a specific project.\nThere is no doubt that many employers do make a\nreal effort to keep their men steadily employed but when\nfaced with a declining market they have to discharge employees to remain solvent. At the same time their customers\nmay have plenty of work in view requiring goods and\nmaterials produced by those very employers. To meet a\nthreatened decline of this kind there should be set up a\nNational Economic Research and Development Board to\nwhich employers can appeal. The Board should have on file\na list of approved projects and possible markets and will\nfunction to bring producers and consumers together. In\na depression, company sales agents get a frigid reception\neverywhere simply because everybody has cold feet. The\nadvantage that such a Board would have over the sales\nagent is that the Board would know what projects and\nmarkets can be made available. The idea is to have a na-\nional authority to which industry can appeal in an emergency\u2014an authority having the confidence of finance,\nmanagement, labour and the public, all co-operating primarily to keep people employed.\nIn the depression of the thirties industry was without\nmarkets and at the same time governments, railways and\nother corporations had plans for millions of dollar's worth\nof work on their drafting boards; but there was no authority to bring the two together. Hence, able men were\nput to work raking leaves and cutting brush.\nIt is contended and rightly so that economy of a project cannot be assessed unless it is known from the beginning what it will cost. The reply is that an estimate of\nthe cost of the job is very necessary but experience has\nbeen overwhelmingly to the effect that very few projects\nare completed for the estimated cost or within the estimated time. Then why are we so fussy about book entries? In the large majority of cases better results would\nhave been obtained had the work been less subject to\nalternate haste and decline due to uncertainties of labour\nand finance. A budget that provides for a steady level of\nexpenditures is a safer and far more satisfactory way to\nfinance.\nSo long as we finance the job without regard to people,\nemployment is bound to be uncertain. After all whether\na project is finished sooner or later than expected is often\nnot so important but it is very important that people have\na sustained source of income and that the country obtains\nthe  full  benefit  of  their  continuous  service.    Finance   is\nonly a means to an end (a powerful means if you like)\nbut only a means, no different to other resources and means\nof production and should be made available to produce\nmaximum benefits.\nThis all boils down to' one requirement\u2014that finance\ndefinitely undertake its full share of the duty to hold the\nnational income at a level considered necessary and adequate\nby a Board of our ablest and most' responsible men.\nc. Steady Employment\nThis is the factor in the proposal most difficult to accomplish. It predicates assured profitable markets, a low\nabsenteeism, favourable weather, a high national income,\na willingness on the part of everyone to do his best, and a\nsustained confidence in ourselves and each other.\nUnder any governmental, social or economic order there\nis only one remedy for unemployment and that is employment. Let us ponder that. The proposal here made is\nsimply to apply that remedy and put people to work. If\nconvinced that the remedy prescribed is the only hope, we\nwill find ways to administer it no matter how obstinate\nthe patient may be. Management all over the country,\nall employers of labour, governments, farmers; and including that large and important class, the small enterprisers\u2014fully aware of the seriousness of the problem and\nof their responsibilities as citizens, must take on as many\nemployees as they can possibly employ usefully, and consider themselves obligated to keep them employed so long\nas they render satisfactory service. Inevitably that will\nresult in the proportion of salaried employees being very\nlargely increased\u2014a most desirable effect.\nThe success of this plan will depend upon the extent\nto which all those in intimate contact with and experienced\nin industry and finance are willing and able to assume their\nundoubted responsibilities. Let us repeat that. It will be\nargued that they will not do so unless compelled; that\nthere must be a supreme overall authority with executive\npower to enforce decrees. This is tantamount to saying\nthat we have to depart from democratic processes, which\nwould be unfortunate and would be resisted ultimately.\nSurely, our people, our governments, industrialists, labour\nand particularly our corporations and trade organizations\nmust be now seized of their responsibilities and duties. It\nis unthinkable that men of education, brains, skill and\nexperience, those with vested rights and interest should\nhesitate to risk everything they are and have in an organized\neffort to prevent catastrophe.\nIt will mean that all the best men in the country will\nhave to get together as they have never done to date. Employers will have to form themselves into voluntary\norganizations all over Canada and their representatives\nmeet in convention. The first and primary thing on the\nagenda will not be finance, markets, etc., but employment\nand employable people. Every last employer will be asked\nto undertake voluntarily the steady employment of the\nlargest number of people possible without real risk to his\nenterprise. As men are chalked up in one industry more\nmen will be necessary in several others in a position to\nsupply the potential market thereby improved. A force\nof 300 bridge erectors (for example) required by railways and governments will require that 1,200 men be\nemployed in the mills to supply them with timber, concrete\nand steel and so on. The mere fact that they are met\ntogether prepared to assume their responsibilities is sufficient to instil the confidence so necessary in a crisis. As\nthe lists are carefully revised upwards potential markets\nare increased until a safe maximum is reached.   The need\nJULY, 1944 not be further elaborated. The idea is to estimate on the\nbasis of people not goods\u2014establish incomes and the demand is assured.\nSimilarly trade, professional and labour organizations\nwill meet. The first thing on the agenda will not be professional status, salary schedules or union rights but employable people. They will compile a register of all employables, grade them into classes on the basis of capacity,\ntraining and skills. As the lists develop the capacity for\nservice and production will begin to take hold of the\nconferees. The mere fact that they are prepared to assume\ntheir responsibilities and duties will build up confidence in\ntheir ability to deliver the goods. Having disposed of primary matters, the less important can receive attention.\nThese organizations will then make their submissions\nto a National Board composed of representatives of the\nvarious interests to be served. The first thing to be discussed will not be past industrial wars, jurisdictional\nboundaries, etc., but people and work. Employable people,\nincluding returned men and women, will have to be accepted as they are but means must be adopted to increase\ntheir capacity for effectvie, good quality work. The idea\nis to have an authority which will bring together management and labour, co-ordinate and make effective the work\nof labour, civil re-establishinen!t, selective service and\nother governmental and private organizations; and eliminate as far as practicable the tremendous amount of effort,\nexpense and worry in getting workers to their jobs. The\nreal difficulty will be to keep them steadily employed. The\nNational Economic Research and Development Board will\nhave to be a permanent authority, constantly watching\nover our whole economy. An industry facing declining\nmarkets will have recourse to the Board for advice and\nhelp but the response will be favourable or otherwise\ndepending upon conditions and more particularly upon\nthat industry's will and ability to compete in price, quality\nand service. We cannot be any system of advice and\ncontrol save an industry from the results of its own lack\nof enterprise.\nBut you say, what about the young, the old, sick, incapacitated, the casualties, the useless. There is only one\nanswer\u2014we will have to take care of them. Except for\nthe young and old we should be able to reduce their numbers, restore to a large extent their usefulness. After all\nhaste is not advisable or neceseary. Providing we are\nmarching towards the dawn, the light of a new day will\nstrengthen and invigorate the strong and heal and restore\nthe weak.\nConclusions\nIt is admitted there are many difficulties to be overcome.\nManagement and labour will have to make good their\npublicly stated promises to co-operate, and learn to give\nand take, live and let live. The great need is to get our\npeople to understand these things. Perhaps the greatest\nneed is a campaign of education and instruction, especially\namong the young\u2014the old are too set in their ways.\nNo one doubts that our post-war difficulties will be\nsuch as never before experienced. We will have to stand\nup to them with all our strength and fortitude. We have\nto make good the waste of war, pay our debts every last\none of them, rehabilitate this country and its people and\nhelp as much as we can to rehabilitate other less fortunate\npeoples.\nThese things cannot possibly be done unless we all\nplan and work as we have never done in our whole history,\nwith all the skill, energy and persistence of which we are\ncapable. Confusion, futility and mass unemployment cannot and must not be allowed. A thousand reasons could\nbe given why it is impracticable to guaranteed substantially full employment, but there is one reason why it\nshould be done; namely, it must be done. If we admit\nthat we have made a good start.\nIt is said in a fine old book, \"The young men shall\nsee visions and the old men dream dreams.\" What do our\nyoung men see and our old men dream? Ask yourself, ask\nthem. Listen again\u2014\"Where there is no vision (no faith)\nthe people perish.\" There we have it; are we, are the people\nof Canada prepared to make the choice or simply default.\nIs there deep down in us a sustained faith in ourselves,\nin each other, in our country? The trouble is \"not in our\nstars but in ourselves.\" It is not the devil without but the\ndevil within us and he keeps us fighting with ourselves, prevents us from becoming integrated personalities, integrated\ncommunities and provinces and an integrated nation. Disunity, indecision, discord and futility can easily result\nfrom this inward civil war with devastating consequences.\nLet us not be misled. A new and better, more civilized\nworld cannot emerge of itself from this world conflict. The\nvery opposite is far more likely. Bathtubs, motor cars,\nplanes and radios have almost nothing to do with civilization. It is the will and ability to give and take, live and let\nlive, bear and forbear, practice the golden rule. How then\ncan this war be expected to advance civilization when it has\nreduced itself to 'an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth'\nstruggle for mastery. Admitting freely that when that\nstage was reached there was no alternative, then what of\nthe aftermath of smouldering hate? And what about our\nown industrial strife, class hatred, greed, corruption and\nselfishness? How can a better world evolve from no better\npeople? We can still hope, however, that we have learned\na lesson, surely that is not too much to expect.\nThere is plenty of justification for a well-founded faith\nin our people. The great majority are sane and sound.\nThey are facing up to the present crisis with fortitude;\nbut some way it seems the right people are not articulate.\nAfter all the discussion has ceased, those capable of getting\nthings done should be heard from and drafted to do the job\nor we will fail.\nSo much that we hear and read emanates from well-\nmeaning but impractical visionaries, intellectuals who\nhaven't faced up to life and fought their way to competence, authorities on everybody's job but their own.\nThey can tell us about substitutes for wool but cannot\nknit a sock.\nThe three indispensable qualities in a nation are\nstrength, balance and stability. Perhaps the most important is stability which requires that we do not let ouselves,\neach other and our country down.\nIt is not surprising that humans vary widely in their\nresponse to life. After all, what is life? Is it a pilgrimage?\nIf so, many will get lost in the wilderness and long to\nreturn to the flesh-pots of Egypt. Is it a game? Then\nonly a few get prizes, some that don't deserve them. Is\nit a crusade? Then many will falter, lose faith and some\nbe martyred. Is it a battle? Then there will be many\ncasualties, unfortunately far too many among the innocents.\nTo most of us it has been at times all of these things\nbut none of them is quite satisfactory. Life should be an\nenterprise for which we educate and train ourselves; into\nwhich we put our time, our strength and our skill; in\nwhich  we  are  prepared  to  take  definite   risks  but   from\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE STUDENT\nRESIDENCES\nOn June 12 the Alumni Executive issued\na circular letter containing facts and suggestions on student residences. The Chronicle\nprints herewith excerpts from some of the\nmany letters received in response to the circular:\nPresident-Elect\nNORMAN MacKENZIE:\nI wish to acknowledge your letter of June 12 th\nwith regard to student residences. Personally I fully\nagree with everything that you say about their importance and I will do what I can to see that these are built.\nHON. IAN MACKENZIE, M.P.,\nMinister of Pensions and National Health:\nYour representations concerning the necessity for\nimmediate construction of student residences have been\ncarefully noted, and will have my consideration.\nGEORGE CRUICKSHANK, M.P.,\nFraser Valley:\nOn behalf of Fit.\/Lieut. Sinclair, who has returned\nto active duty with the R.C.A.F., and myself I will be\nglad to bring your recommendations regarding housing\nbefore the proper authorities.\nHAROLD WINCH, M.L.A.,\nC.C.F. Leader in the B. C. House:\nWe appreciate your writing on this matter and assure you that our organization is most desirous that the\nU.B.C. should be developed to the fullest extent and\nthat all necessary facilities should be provided. You\nmay be assured that we will do all possible to assist in\nthe attainment of your objectives.\nJOSEPH B. CLEARIHUE,\nMember, Board of Governors:\nI think every member of the Board of Governors is\nconvinced of the necessity of such buildings and is prepared to erect the same just as soon as money is supplied\nbut as you know the money comes largely from the\nGovernment and we must look to this source to secure\nthe money for student residences. Just as soon as this\nis available I can assure you that the Board will construct the same.\nWORTHWHILE EMPLOYMENT\u2014Continued\nwhich we can be assured of a fair return (perhaps an\nabundant reward), not necessarily in dollars and cents but\nin those far better things which satisfy and adorn life.\nIf such is this one life in this world, what is our duty\nto our partners in this great enterprise? Just simply to\nsee that they all get a fair chance and a just reward. There\nis the conclusion to the whole matter.\nWe canot secure for ourselves a worthy destiny without hard work, much sweat and certain risks but it is\nwholly possible without drudgery, tears and bankruptcy\nprovided we proceed on a plan that is sound and just, compatible with nature and her laws and men and their ways\nand in step with those great spiritual forces marching on\nwith ever expanding purpose to order and harmony.\nHON. JOHN S. HART,\nPremier of B. C:\nI have for acknowledgment your letter of June 12,\nand note what you have to say regarding the establishment of student residences at the University of British\nColumbia.\nHON. E. C. CARSON,\nB. C. Minister of Mines:\nI am keenly aware of the necessity, am interested in\nyour objective and will endeavour to further your cause\nwhen opportunity offers.\nGRACE MacINNIS,\nC.C.F., M.L.A., Vancouver:\nAs one who began university life in the old Fair-\nview buildings, I can well realize the long and difficult\nprocess of getting adequate buildings, both for class\nand laboratory work and for living accommodation.\nThere is a pressing need for residences and I agree that\nthe most strenuous efforts should be put forward now\nto get them built as soon as men and materials can be\nmade available.\nOn behalf of our C.C.F. group, I and several others\nhave urged the need for a large-scale, low-rental housing program under public auspices for our city. At the\nnext session of the Legislature I hope to renew that\ndemand and add to it the one for university residences\nand a new nurses' residence for the Vancouver General\nHospital. I shall do what I can in the meantime to\narouse public interest and want to assure you that the\nmore you can do in that line the easier it will be to\nsecure legislative action when the matter comes up in\nthe Legislature.\nHON. H. G. T. PERRY,\nB. C. Minister of Education:\nIn reply to your letter of the 12 th instant I may\nsay that I am in full sympathy with the desire of your\nAssociation to have student residences erected on the\nUniversity campus but I would point out that it is\nquite impossible to proceed with such a project at the\npresent time. No funds have been voted by the Legislature for the purpose and the Government has consistently refrained from entering upon large new projects during the war. We shall keep your recommendation in mind for the post-war period.\nBERNARD G. WEBBER,\nM.L.A., Similkameen:\nMay I say that I am heartily in accord with the\nproposal in your circular letter of the 12 th instant, and\nwill do what I can to bring it to fruition.\nJULY, 1944 Proposed Eight mile Tunnel...\nfor Strait of Oresund\nJ Post-war project will require special excavators for economical lb\n| construction of world's longest underwater tunnel. |P\nPlans are ready for an early start after the war on construction of a tunnel to connect Denmark, near Copenhagen, with the Swedish mainland near Malmo, passing\nunder the Strait of Oresund. The strait at this point is\nvery shallow\u2014only 3 5 ft. at deepest point\u2014and the bottom\nconsists of layers of hard sand and limestone. Thus, it will\nbe practical to use the open trench method of construction, but the scheme will require the building of very\nspecial excavators for a deep and wide trench under water.\nThe tunnel will come up to the open on the Island of Salt-\nholm, a little more than three miles from the Danish side,\nand  more than 4l\/2   miles  from  the Swedish  side of the\nday. Ten ventilation towers, at an average spacing of\n3600 ft. along the tunnel, will make possible a renewal of\nair every other minute when the tunnel traffic reaches its\npeak.\nThe tunnel is expected to require some 200,000 tons of\ncement, and 1,300,000 cu. yd. of sand and gravel. Estimated cost is almost $50,000,000. It is expected that a\npart of this cost will be offset by increase in the value of\nthe Island Saltholm, the 10 sq. miles of which is at present\nuninhabited and almost worthless. With rapid access by\nthe tunnel it will become a suburb of Copenhagen and \u2022will\nundoubtedly be popular as a summer resort.\nDENMARK\nSALTHOLM\n*\"\"r\"\"^ \/.6', Ground\/ine\n34 Ttri- \u2022 \u25a0.'![\u25a0 -^-H'\nSCH \u25a0\n\"3280'--~\u2014-3280'-~* 4940\n'940'- -fc-3280-'--'t -4M0'- A\nTypical Cross Section\nSWEDEN\n \u00bb\u2022 Fresh tn'r\n' Exhausiair\nstrait. The nearly eight-mile length is said to make this\nthe longest under-water tunnel in the world.\nPlan for construction is to build a graving dock at\neach of the four places where the tunnel goes under water.\nThe tunnel sections, each 165 ft. long, will be built in the\ngraving docks at the rate of one every three weeks, and will\nthen be floated out and sunk to position in the open trench.\nAfter the tunnel sections are complete, the full length of\nthe graving dock becomes the open approaches to the\ntunnel.\nAs will be noted from the cross section of this tunnel,\nit is a rectangular box and will have space for one track for\nan electric train, and a two-lane highway with a catwalk\non one side. The road will be 22 ft. wide, a little greater\nthan ordinary American tunnels. Traffic capacity will be\n8,000 motor vehicles and  60 trains in each direction per\nA toll to be imposed on all trains, vehicles and passengers is expected to cover the maintenance and fixed charges\nand yield a small dividend on the investments, which will\nmost likely be under government control.\nThe natural affinity and friendship between Denmark\nand Sweden has long made the connection under the Strait\nof Oresund desirable. Division of the world into spheres\nof influence has strengthened the feeling of unity in the\nScandinavian countries and made this tangible link a mutual\nproject.\nPlanning of this tunnel has been carried out in minute\ndetail, in Denmark under the supervision and leadership of\nN. J. Manniche and in Sweden by J. N. Dalhoff, Managing\nDirector of the Asa Engineering Firms. Detail plans have\nbeen prepared largely in Denmark, where current construction and engineering work would benefit the Germans so\n10\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE Helsm9or>          \\           \u00bb~ \u2022 \u00bb\nI\nt             \\                                ~\n^e\/T\nJ\n\\     *\nI\n\\    ***\n<\\)     \\ '.\nsc       \\\nv..  <^\nce         \\\n\\-\u00a3\n<\n\\\nX             ^\nv                                                   \\\nz\n1        STRAIT    OF            J\nUJ\n)      O'RESUKD             \u00a3_      \/\nB\n^\\\n\\                                    \\\nCopenhagen\n\\   1             Saltholm                                      1\nlAmager^   Vi\/W^V^^*!01\"\"\nEnGine\u20acRinG_\nk.\nwell reputed firms have been concentrating solely on postwar planning. Sweden has had more heavy construction\nwork during the war than in normal times, largely fortifications and other measures in preparing the country for\ndefense against possible aggression.\nMr. Dalhoff is at present in the United States investigating the possibilities of securing the special equipment\nrequired for the unusual tunnel excavation and other machines necessary for a project of this size. The machine\nparticularly sought is an excavator to travel on the ocean\nfloor and dig out the trench, thus avoiding the limitations\nof floating equipment. Mr. Dalhoff also has been seeking\ninformation on American practices and suggestions from\nAmerican tunnel builders. \u2014 From Engineering News-\nRecord, June 15, 1944.\nPLYWOOD\nAND GLUE\nGRAIN BIN\nThis Laux-glued\ngrain bin passed over\nload tests for safety\nand has been recommended as a permanent type of storage,\nreplacing iron and\nsteel bins.\nThese bins were\nconstructed of\n5\/l6th-inch three-\nply ply-wood, 19ft.\nin diameter.\nNEWS AND NOTES\nMr. ALLAN S. GENTLES, Western Manager of the\nDominion Bridge Company, was elected a member of the\nexecutive of the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction,\nInc., at the recent annual meeting of the Institute in\nToronto.\nThe new mine superintendent for the Kelowna Exploration Company is Mr. E. E. MASON.\nMr. W. O. RICHMOND is Vice-Chairman for the current year of the B. C. Chapter of the American Society of\nMetals.\nDepartment  of Public  Work transfers  list  Mr.  S.  A.\nCUNLIFFE,   Assistant   District Engineer,   going   from\nSmithers   to  Pouce   Coupe.     He is  succeeded  by  W.   R.\nWORKMAN of Nelson.\nR. E. RENSHAW is taking up civilian work again\nand is now with the Pioneer Gold Mines.\nAfter serving with the Department of Railways since\n1910, Mr. WM. RAE retired at the end of June. He was\nChief Inspector of Rolling Stock with headquarters in\nVancouver.\nMr. G. B. ALEXANDER has been appointed District\nEngineer of the C.P.R. for Saskatchewan. He was formerly Division Engineer at Vancouver and is succeeded by\nMr. C. A. Colpitts of Saskatoon.\nMr. FRANK. BUCKLE, formerly with the Granby\nCompany, has been appointed Superintendent of the Canadian Johns-Ma nville Company at Asbestos, Quebec.\nFlying Officer GORDON CROSBY has been spending\na month's leave back in Vancouver after having been\nlisted as \"missing\" for four months. His plane was forced\ndown on enemy territory but he managed to escape to\nEngland. Another airman glad to be home is Flying Officer C. C. CUNNINGHAM, D.F.C. He has been overseas\nfor the past three years.\nMr. J. D. MOORE has returned from Ontario to take\nthe position of Assistant Mill Superintendent with the\nCariboo Gold Quartz.\nCongratulations to F. G. deWOLF and R. E. WILKINS\non their promotions to Acting Lieutenant-Colonel. Congratulations also to Major R. C. FARROW, Major K. R.\nFORD, Acting Major J. S. KENNEDY, Acting Captain\nJ. W. TARBOX, and Wing Commander V. R. Hill, on\ntheir promotions.\nAnnouncement has been made from Ottawa of the\nretirement of Brigadier N. D. LAMBERT from his post as\nDeputy Quartermaster-General (Engineering). He will rejoin the Northern Construe ion Co. and J. W. Stewart\nLtd., of Vancouver, of which he was Superintendent before\nenlistment.\nMr. D. L. COULTER has succeeded the late Bert F.\nSmith as Manager of the Premier Gold Mines.\nThe newly appointed Vice-President and Managing\nDirector of Bralorne Mines Limited is Mr. M. M. O'BRIEN,\nfor many years connected wi h the Consolidated Mining\n& Smelting Company of Trail.\nJULY, 1944\n11 We 6ngineer-Statesman\nBy DWAYNE ORTON\nDirector of Education,\nInternational Business Machines Corporation.\nPresented at the Annual Meeting, Middle Atlantic Section, S.P.E.E.,\nManhattan College, Dec. 4,  1943.\nand the\nGeneral Welfare\nThe arrangement of today's program has conspired to\nbring together three different voices and experiences on the\nsame theme, although no one of us conferred with either\nof the others. The message of Brother Victor is more\nthan a courteous welcome. His words are an assurance\nthat our theme would be hospitably received by our host\ninstitution. The paper which Commissioner Sheridan has\nread not only gives me confidence in my own point of view\nbut, also, provides me with the support of his statement\nwhich is at once profound and practical.\nMy theme opens upon a scene set a quarter century ago.\nI was seated one noon-hour at my drafting board idly\nfingering the pages of an engineering journal when my attention was riveted upon an advertisement for technical\nbooks. Across the top of a two-page spread and set in\nbold face type were these challenging words: \"What, No\nMore Worlds to Conquer?\" The text of the ad went\non to note that the passing of the geographic frontier had\ncaused some to think pioneering a thing of the past. However, argued the text, we are at the portal of a great new\nfrontier\u2014the technical world of the future for which the\ngeographic frontier was only a prelude. Here was a challenge to pioneer the \"wonder-full\" opportunities of a new\ncivilization.\nNow we stand in the fresh, confident, adolescence of\nthat new world and feel the warm strength of our growing\nachievement in the conquest of nature's resources. With\nthe restlessness of adolescence, we reach out in a vague consciousness that \"eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither\nhath it entered into the heart of man the things which the\nLord hath in store for him.\" As it is with youth, so it is\nwith our technical development, we have yet to achieve\nthe mature judgment with which we will make technical\npower legitimate.\nHere, then, is a new frontier. Just as the geographic\nfrontier provided the resources for our technical exploitation, so the technical frontier provides the power with\nwhich \"man may realize the responsible maturity of the\nrace.\nNowhere have I found this so well illustrated as in the\nmotion picture, \"Edison, The Man,\" in which Spencer\nTracy played the part of Edison. The scene portrays Edison at the banquet where the great of science and engineering pay tribute to his achievements. When Edison\nrises to respond, he speaks these words:\n\"To be told by the outstanding men and women of\nyour time that you have contributed a great deal to human\nbetterment is pleasant, very pleasant. I would hardly be\nhuman if my heart did not fill with such a major compliment. But somehow I have not achieved the success I\nwant. Earlier this evening I talked with two school children. Tomorrow the world will be theirs. It is a troubled\nworld\u2014full of doubt and uncertainty. You say we men\nof science have been helping it.    Are those children and\ntheir children going to approve of what we have done?\nOr are they going to discover too late that science was\ntrusted too much so that it has turned into a monster whose\nfinal triumph is man's own destruction? Some of us are\nbeginning to feel that danger, but it can be avoided. I\nonce had two dynamos. They needed regulating. It was\na problem of balance and adjustment. And I feel that the\nconfusion in the world today presents much the same problem. The dynamo of man's God-given ingenuity is running away with the dynamo of his equally God-given humanity. I am too old now to do much more than to say,\n'Put those dynamos in balance. Make them work in harmony as the great Designer intended they should.' It can\nbe done. What man's mind can conceive, man's character\ncan control. Man must learn that, and then we needn't\nbe afraid of tomorrow, and man will go forward toward\nmore light.\"\nThis, then, is a goal for the technical professions: \"Put\nthose dynamos in balance.\" Bring the forces of human\nengineering into mature control of the power generated by\nmaterial engineering. Just as knowledge without love is\nbarbarism, so ingenuity without humanity is a destructive\nforce. The travail of the world at war is sufficient testimony to this principle. Ingenuity controlled by humanity\ncan bring in the brotherhood of man.\nHere is a high privilege and a primary goal of the technical professions.\nI.\nIn exploiting this theme, let us note first that the interdependence technology has created in the modern world\nfavors those whose special interests can be coordinated with\nthe interest of the general welfare.\nEdward C. Lindemann1 has pointed out that each\nperiod of modern history shows certain centripetal ideas\naround which the currents and eddies of thought tend to\npolarize. The Seventeenth Century was dominated b)\nInquiry and Affirmation, the Eighteenth Century by\nDenial and Invention, and the Nineteenth Century by\nAcquisition and Competition. The developing trends in\nthe Twentieth Century indicate that Coordination and\nParticipaption are central in the complex of modern\nthought. To Relate and To Participate are imperative\nverbs in our time.\nTwo world wars have written in blood the lesson that\nno nation can live unto itself alone. Now we are learning\nthat no race can live unto itself alone.\nThe incredible advance in radio communica'ion has\nplaced such a premium on intercultural understanding that\nmen are forced to relate their thought to that of other men.\nThe ingenious development of aviation has given us a\ncommon carrier that flies with impunity over the traditional barrier of oceans, mountain ranges, ice caps, rivers,\nand deserts. These no longer separate nations or provide1\nthe physical basis for national sovereignty.    Today the air-\n12\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE plane is a carrier of destruction.   It can be a messenger of\npeace tomorrow.\nPerhaps no instrument of man's creation points up the\ninterdependence of material and human engineering as does\nthe airplane. It has given man a new dimension of living.\nIt has revolutionized military tactics and we are at long\nlast trying out its strategic power. \"But this eagle will\nnot always be an eagle. It will some day be a dove.\" The\ningenuity of the engineer has given the world a transport\nthat, used for the general welfare, can bring the promise\nof peace and understanding. It has shrunk the world so\nthat men rub elbows with a frequency and complexity\nhitherto unknown. They will clash in painful friction or\nthey will link arms in cooperation.\nThe industrial developments of specialized manufacture\nand division of labor have created a fundamental interdependence among raw material holders and finished goods\nproducers. Reciprocal coordination of trade is as necessary\nto healthy economic life as the intake and exhaust of\nbreathing are to body hygiene.\nJust as no race, no nation, no institution, can live unto\nitself in isolation, no special interest can live unto itself\nalone. Scientific thinking cannot separate itself from the\nsocial effects of its application. Engineering and business\nmust plan with consideration for the social welfare as well\nas for gods, labor, and capital.\nLaboratory tests and machine operations may be specialized but the general welfare cannot be. The machine\noperation has significance only as it contributes to the\nwhole product. In like manner, technical operations have\nsignificance only as they relate to the general welfare. The\ntechnical professions must become the socio-technical professions.\nII.\nIn the second place, let us note that there are many\nsigns of the times which indicate that men are learning to\nrelate their special interests to general goals. In its masterful monograph on \"The Domestic Economy,\"2 Fortune\nmagazine points out that \"the many corporate managers\nwho so solemnly chose 'service' as their motto are not\nreally trying to fool anybody. They are groping, if only\nsubconsciously, for a new social principle by which their\npower may be made legitimate.\"\nIn his life-long purpose to develop \"World Peace\nThrough World Trade,\" Mr. Thomas J. Watson, President\nof International Business Machines Corporation, reaches beyond the limitations of ordinary business self-interest to\nassume social responsibility equivalent to business' social\npower.\n\"Management,\" said Mr. Alfred E. Sloan, Chairman of\nthe Board of General Motors, \"must contemplate the effect\nof its policies on the community at large\u2014and plan accordingly.\" 3\nThe program of the Committee for Economic Development under the guidance of Paul G. Hoffman and the\nleadership Eric Johnston is giving as President of the United\nStates Chamber of Commerce are leading business to plan\nfor the conservation of human resources as well as for the\nproduction of material goods. These signs of the times are\nencouraging to those whose faith looks to voluntary social\ndevelopment: to save our economy from dependence upon\nstate control.\nIII.\nThirdly: To the engineer, as to all men, the truth applies that much is required of him to,whom much is entrusted. By virtue of his great technical power, the engineer has equally great responsibility to make that power\nsocially legitimate. A people who have conquered the\nearth, the sea, and the air must conquer the spiritual forces\nwhich give meaning and direction to material striving.\nIn this campaign, technical leadership occupies a strategic position. I may serve to bring poise and balance to\na world that is prone to follow science as the children of\nHamlin followed the Pied Piper.\nMuch of the gross secularism of our time has its roots\nin the ethical relativism which conditions so much of our\nprivate living and public thinking. This fickle lack of\nstandards which characterizes so much of public appeasement is directly antithecal to the technical precision of\nscience and engineering. The revolt against the principle\nwhich favors the so-called \"realistic mind,\" which glorifies\n\"individual self-expression,\" which approves \"expediency\"\nin public affairs, is ethical anarchy. It is the trend which,\naccording to Alfred Noyes, has brought our civilization to\n\"The Edge of the Abyss.\"\nThe universality of quantitative measurement, the reliability of physical properties, the habit of proving and\nchecking calculations\u2014all properties of the technical man\nmust be interpolated into human engineering. Here is a\nchallenge which holds the opportunity for engineering\nstatesmanship. He who fails to meet it will remain the\ncraftsman-technician. He who rises to the social need will\nfulfill the high purpose of statesmanship.\nIV.\nWhat has this to do with engineering education? It is\nobvious that the continued development of our technology\nwill bring the engineer increasingly into social and administrative responsibility. The lag of human engineering behind\nmaterial engineering should propose no moratorium on\ntechnology as some of the imaginative Utopians have suggested. Rather, it demands that those who have achieved\nso much in technical advance should give leadership in\nbringing the dynamo of humanity into balance with the\ndynamo of ingenuity.\nLest we pay too exclusive attention to him who protests that the technical man cannot attend to social considerations without diluting his science and engineering,\nshall we note again that the general welfare is not special-\niazed. The technical man must not \"draw a circle and\nshut him (the social scientist) out\" crying \"heretic, rebel,\na thing to flout.\" No, he and love must have \"the wit to\nwin ... draw a circle and take him in.\" Here is a challenge to leadership. Rather than selling science short, hospitality to social problems consequent of scientific advance\nwill tend to assure the social stability of technology.\nEngineering education is beginning to recognize the\nadvantages of building a teaching and research department\ninto a cooperative working synthesis of the scientists,\nmathematicians, and engineers. Should we not make the\ncircle complete and bring the social scientist into the partnership?\nAn analogy to this proposal is found in the growth of\nindustrial design. Not long ago, a famous manufacturer\nheld the policy that he cared nothing for the appearance of\nhis cars if large masses of people could buy them. Within\ntwenty years, this policy had shifted so radically that\nbeauty was central in advertising copy for that manufac-\nPlease turn to Page 16, Column 1\n1 Hazen Conference Lectures, Ansilomar, California, August, 193 6.\n2 Supplement to Fortune Magazine, December,  1942.\n3 Ibid.\n4 \"The Edge of the Abyss,\" Fortune Magazine, October,   1942.\nJULY, 1944\n1) KILLED IN ACTION\nSGT. PILOT GEO. B. SANDERSON, R.C.A.F.\u2014Graduated in 1934 in Commerce\u2014starred in English rugby,\ngolf and running. Was an efficiency expert with the\nGloucester Aircraft Company before joining the R.C.\nA.F.\u2014Ph.D. in Economics at the U. of London, England.\nW\/O DAVID GRAHAM (2nd Class)\u2014On active service\nover Germany.\nF\/O GILBERT W. M. BRERETON, R.C.A.F.\u2014Killed in\naction piloting an R.A.F. bomber overseas.\nCAPT. JOHN A. WILSON, Seaforth Highlanders\u2014Killed\nin Italy.\nLIEUT. JOHN KENNETH HENTIG, Seaforth Highlanders\u2014Killed in action in Italy. B.Com. 193 5\u2014\nProminent in the Junior Board of Trade and Point Grey\nGolf Club.\nWOUNDED IN ACTION\nCAPT. JOHN J. CONWAY\u2014Seriously injured in Italy\n\u2014B.A. 1935.\nLT. ALLEN COE\u2014severely wounded in Italy\u2014Was a\nmember of the C.O.T.C. at U.B.C. and was staff photographer on the Ubyssey.\nLT. TED CRUISE\u2014Wounded in Italy\u2014in the Westminster Regiment.\nCAPT. MALCOLM BROWN\u2014Armored Car Regt.\u2014\nSeriously wounded.\u2014B.A. 1939.\nMISSING IN ACTION\nF\/O DON ROBERTSON, R.C.A.F.\u2014Graduated from\nPearce, Alta., from the Air Observer School, as the\nyoungest member of his class, with second highest honors. Has been overseas as navigator with a night\nbomber squadron\u2014was prominent on the campus in\nsports.\nW02 JACK MORRITT, R.C.A.F.\u2014Missing after air operations overseas.\nFLT. LT. J. P. \"PAT\" FLYNN, R.C.A.F.\u2014Missing on\nair operations after going over Germany\u2014was a member of the Thunderbird basketball team which won the\nDominion championship in 1941.\nWOl DONALD M. ROBSON, R.C.A.F., New Westminster\u2014Missing after air operations as a bomber pilot.\nWO R. B. \"ROD\" McMILLAN, R.C.A.F.\u2014Missing in action overseas\u2014a navigator. Rod was a well-known\nsoccer player.\nF\/O DUNCAN MacFAYDEN, R.C.A.F., is listed as missing. F\/O McFayden left University in January, 1942,\nhis graduating year in forestry, to join the R.C.A.F. He\nhad already obtained his Bachelor of Commerce degree.\nHe was born in McBride and attended schools in Prince\nAlbert, Ottawa, Kamloops and New Westminster,\ngraduating from Lord Byng High School here. While\nat U.B.C. he was musical society president.\nF\/O R. D. TAYLOR, Ap. Sc. *44, has been listed as missing overseas in the invasion operations. F\/O Taylor\nwas affiliated with Delta Upsilon fraternity,\nJOHN E. STOREY, Lieut. (E.), R.C.N.V.R., was the\nonly son of Lt.-Cmdr. (E.) and Mrs. G. T. Storey. He\nwas born in Victoria, B.C., May 3rd, 1917, but: received\nall his education in Vancouver. He attended General Gordon School, Kitsilano Junior High, and was an honour\nstudent at Vancouver Tech. He graduated with the 1941\nClass, U.B.C , receiving the degree of B.A.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering,\nJoining the R.C.N.V.R. as Prob. Sub-Lt. in February\nof that year, he was called to active service immediately\nupon completing the University exams and left for King's\nCollege, Halifax, for three months' training.\nIn September, 1941, he was posted for service with the\nRoyal Navy and given an appointment as Sub-Lt. (E.) on\nthe cruiser H.M.S. Glasgow, with instructions to join her\nin Singapore. On reporting to Naval Authorities there, he\nwas ordered to proceed to Ceylon, and from there across\nIndia by train, to Bombay, where he finally joined the ship\njust prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour.\nThe following eight months were spent in strenuous\nactivity around Singapore, East Indies, Coral Sea, and Indian Ocean. Due to damage from enemy action the ship\nwas sent, via South Africa, to U.S.A. for repairs, and Sub-\nLt. Storey returned home on leave, later receiving an\nappointment as Engineer Officer of the Minesweeper H.M.\nC.S. Ignonish, engaged in patrol duties on the North Pacific.\nIn April, 1943, he was appointed to the East Coast,\npromoted to Lieutenant, and given charge of machinery of\nthe Minesweeper H.M.C.S. Red Deer, doing convoy and\npatrol duties on the North Atlantic.\nIn November, 1943, he was sent to an Eastern shipyard\nto stand by the building of the Frigate H.M.C.S. Valley-\nfield, and when the ship went in'o commission was appointed Engineer Officer in charge of machinery.\nThe H.M.C.S. V alley field proceeded on convoy-escort\nduty to and from Great Britain and was torpedoed and\nsunk with considerable loss of life at midnight on May 6th,\n1944.\n14\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE PRISONERS OF WAR\nF\/O CAMERON MADDIN, R.C.A.F.\u2014In a temporary\ncamp near the Rhine River in Germany.\nSGT. MICHAEL G. McGEER, R.C.A.F.\u2014In Germany.\nEUGENE LOPATECKI\u2014In;erned in Sumatra Camp,\nNetherlands East Indies\u2014B.A. 1938, M.A. 1939. A\nchemistry graduate\u2014was appointed to a rubber plantation in Malaya in June, 1941.\nF\/L DANIEL B. QUAYLE, R.C.A.F.\u2014From Ladysmith,\nVancouver Island, B.C.\nW\/C C. A. WILLIS, R.C.A.F.\u2014Previsously missing, now\nprisoner of war.\nB. C. MEN IN SERVICES\nP\/O ALAN BREMNER, R.C.A.F.\u2014At A.G.T.S. at Calgary.\nP\/O LESLIE S. PARSONS, R.C.A.F.\u2014Now stationed at\nPat Bay as a navigator.\nP\/O EDWARD McDONNELL, R.C.A.F.\u2014Serving overseas.\nSPR. GEORGE J. SMITH\u2014Serving overseas with the\nRoyal Canadian Engineers.\nLT. STANLEY G. PATTERSON\u2014B.A.Sc. with honors\nin 1943\u2014serving with the Royal Canadian Ordnance\nCorps, Pacific Command.\nLT. LAWRENCE PATTERSON\u2014B.A.Sc. with honors in\n1943\u2014serving with the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals overseas.\nSUB-LT. (E) W. H. GOODWIN, R.C.N.V.R.\u2014Took a\nspecial course at H.M.C.S.  Stadacona\u2014B.A.Sc.   1943.\nLS ROBERT MacDONALD, R.C.N.V.R.\u2014Serving overseas since 1943.\nLT. E. R. M. FLESHER, Canadian Armored Corps\u2014Serc-\ning overseas\u2014B.A. with honors, 1940.\nLT. Jj H. COLL YER, R.C.N.\u2014Is aboard H.M.C.S. Prince\nHenry\u2014is on a R.C.N, cruiser and landed soldiers on\nthe French invasion coast.\nAWARDS\nP\/O ELMER BARNES, R.C.A.F.\u2014Serving overseas as a\nNavigator.\nW\/C D. F. MANDERS, R.C.A.F.\u2014Was made a Member\nof the Order of the British Empire in the King's birthday honors list. B.A. 1939\u2014He is one of three Canadian flyers who invented a two-channel ground-to-air\ntransmitter now used by the R.A.F.\nF\/O CHARLES \"CLEVE\" CUNNINGHAM, R.C.A.F.\u2014\nRecently awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for\ncourageous action in sinking a Nazi U-boat off the\ncoast of Iceland. Was well-known at U.B.C. in sporting circles.\nLT.-CMDR. GORDON W. STEAD, R.C.N.V.R.\u2014\nAwarded a bar to his Distinguished Service Cross.\u2014\nNow stationed at Halifax.\nCOL. PERCY M. BARR, U.S. Army Air Corps\u2014Intelligence in Italy.\u2014Awarded the LEGION OF MERIT for\nextraordinary fidelity and essential service.\u2014B.A.Sc.\n1924.\nS\/L HOWIE D. CLEVELAND, R.C.A.F.\u2014Awarded the\nD.F.C.\u2014The citation read: \"This officer is an extremely efficient flight commander whose example of\ncourage and determination has proved most inspiring.\nHe has completed very many sorties.\"\u2014He was first\nreported missing and then was found to be interned in\nSweden.   However, he has since returned to England.\nS\/L RALPH MANNING, R.C.A.F.\u2014Awarded the D.F.C.\nfor sinking an Axis tanker in the Mediterranean in\nOctober, 1942, and torpedo bombing of the German\ncruiser Prinz Eugen in May of 1942.\u2014He is well into\nhis second year of operations in the Far East.\nCOL. A. M. BROWN\u2014Awarded the O.B.E.\u2014Is at present stationed in England. Was a former partner of\nMaj.-Gen. Victor Odium, Canadian Ambassador to\nChungking.\nNEWS IN GENERAL\nOF THE SERVICES\nSGT. DONALD F. McLEOD, R.C.A.F.\u2014Recent graduate\nfrom Air Observer School at Chatham, N.B.\nS\/L \"HUNK\" HENDERSON, R.C.A.F.\u2014A prisoner of\nwar in Germany since 1941, writes that Canadian internees are enthused over news of Allied developments\nwhiGh filters into camps. He has recovered from his\nleg injury, and now walks six miles a day.\nF\/O R. G. CROSBY, R.C.A.F.\u2014Missing four months in\nenemy territory but returned to England. B.A.Sc,\n1939.\nF\/O J. D. PENN McLEOD, R.C.A.F.\u2014He is writing off\neconomics examinations for the Inter B Commerce degree of London University\u2014has been a prisoner of war\nsince May, 1943.\nF\/O ARCHIE PATON, R.C.A.F.\u2014He was forced down\nwith his crew in the North Sea after a trip over Germany. After three hours, they were rescued.\u2014B.A.\n1941.\u2014He is a former editor of the Ubyssey,. He is a\nnavigator with the Moose Squadron.\nLT. C. J. HILL and LT. CMDR. L. S. KYLE, R.C.N.V.R.\n\u2014Manned landing craft that ferried the first Allied\ntroops to the Normandy beachhead. Kyle commanded\na flotilla of Canadian vessels which teamed up with the\nUnited States Navy in beaching troops during the\ninvasion.\nF.O. CLARENCE D. SIBBETT, R.C.A.F.\u2014Shot down a\nGerman aircraft near La Havre while on patrol over\nFrance\u2014also shot down a Dornier 217 in a raid over\nLondon during March.\nP\/O GORDON L. BELL, R.C.A.F.\u2014Received his navigator's wing recently at Winnipeg.\nLT. PETER J. McTAVISH, R.C.N.V.R.\u2014Was navigator\non the destroyer Gatineau when it, along with other\nCanadian escort warships, forced a German submarine\nto the surface and destroyed it in a recent North\nAtlantic action. He was also on the Skeena when she\ndestroyed an enemy submarine in the summer of 1942.\nHe graduated in Commerce in 1941.\nS\/L LAURENCE MEREDITH, R.A.F.\u2014Has been appointed to Lord Louis Mountbaf.en's staff to serve in\nCeylon at the present.    He graduated in Arts in 1929.\nBRIG. GEN. NOEL D. LAMBERT, Deputy Quartermaster-General of the Canadian Army and a U.B.C. engineering grad., has returned to his civilian position of\ngeneral manager of Northern Construction Co. and\nJ. W. Stewart Ltd.\nS\/L R. E. CLINE, R.C.A.F.\u2014Won the D.F.C. for meritorious service while a member of the crew of a plane\nwhich, in conjunction with naval forces, almost totally\ndestroyed an enemy convoy.\u2014He has also been awarded\nthe Africa Star and Service Medal. He will train for\na pilot after two and a half years as an observer.\nJULY, 1944\n1) LT. THOS. E. LADNER, R.C.N.V.R.\u2014One of nine members of the R.C.N.V.R. to win mention in despatches.\nThis is the third time he has been mentioned\u2014he was\npreviously cited for \"gallantry in attack on an escort\ntanker,\" and \"for bravery in an attack on the enemy\nwhile serving in M.G.B.'s.\" He received his B.A. in\n1937.\nP\/O J. S. BYRN, R.C.A.F.\u2014Following in his father's\nfootsteps when he received his wings as Macleod, Alta.,\nin April.    He left U.B.C.'to enlist.\nF\/L M. K. PICKARD and F\/O H. S. HOSKINS, R.C.\nA.F.\u2014Back in Vancouver after serving overseas. F\/O\nHoskins will instruct at Boundary Bay. He received\nhis B.Com. in 1940.\nFLT. LT. ROBERT A. HAYWOOD, former Varsity\nRugby player and a member of the Commerce class,\nshot down a Messerschmitt 109 near Evreux, France,\nearly in June.\nPIO DAVID G. CUMMING, R.C.A.F.\u2014Recently promoted to the rank of PIO from Warrant Officer while\nserving overseas.\nLT. GEORGE MACDONALD SCHUTHE, R.C.N.V.R.\n\u2014Graduated recently from a navigation course at an\nEastern Canadian port. Mentioned in despatches \"for\ndisplaying skill and devotion to duty in carrying out\nhazardous mine recovery operations,\" he has had 15\nmonths' sea time to his credit serving aboard three\nsub-chasing Fairmile M.L.'s. He was on the French\nMerchantman Lisieux when she foundered in the North\nAtlantic nearly three years ago. The crew was picked\nup after 22 hours in open lifeboats.\nLT. EDWARD H. MAGUIRE, R.C.N.V.R.\u2014Is commanding officer of the Royal Canadian Navy minesweeper H.M.C.S. Milltotu\/n, one of the minesweepers\nwhich cleared the sea during the invasion. He has had\nthree and a half years' sea time, having served in two\nRoyal Navy corvettes before being appointed to a\ncommand course in Canada and to his present command.    He got his B.A. in 1937.\nTHE ENGINEER - STATESMAN\nContinued from Page 13\nturer's car.    The esthetic urge in the people had won out.\nAnother illustration of the interdependence of technical\nand human factors is found in the general practice of\nmanufacturers who have field men from sales and service\nconstantly reviewing and criticising mechanical design.\nModern business practice requires a place for the buying\npublic at the engineering conference table.\nNow we enter a new period in which the old slogan,\n\"The public be damned,\" is replaced by the slogan, \"The\npublic be served.\" The general welfare is more than a constitutional phrase. There is a ground swell in the thinking\nof men which, taken at the flood, leads on to a better world.\nThe future is to those who learn to relate their special\ninterests to the general welfare. Professional education will\nstand or fall in the eyes of the public, the support of\npatrons, and the attendance of students to the extent that\nit learns to Relate its specialties to general ends and to\nteach its students to Participate in the general welfare.\n\u2014From The Journal of Engineering Education, Feb., 1944.\nLT. ROBERT KILLAM, LT. CHARLES CHAFFEY, LT.\nJOSEPH ADAM, LT. VERNON BARLOW, LT.\nROBERT SMITH, all of the R.C.N.V.R., manned torpedo boats on D-Day\u2014these boats defended the invasion armada\u2014they guarded invasion lines open to France\nfor supplies.\nt    QDbtittarwa    t\nBERT F. SMITH, B.S., Min.E. (Idaho), Mem. A.I.M.E.,\nM.C.I.M., Manager of the Premier Gold Mining Company, died suddenly at Premier on June 13 th. Though\nborn in England, Mr. Smith's education was received in\nthe United States and his early mining experience was\ngained while in the employ of the American Smelting\nand Refining Company. In 1920 he joined the Premier\nCompany as Assistant Manager and was appointed Manager in 1935. He will be greatly missed by his mining\nassociates.\nP. W. W. BELL, R.M.C, died recently at St. Joseph's Hospital, Victoria, at the age of seventy-one. He had been\nin ill health for the past eighteen months. Born in\nPort Hope, Ontario, his early engineering work was\nwith eastern railway companies. From 1899-1901\nhe served in the South African War and later carried out various civilian railway works in South Africa.\nHe returned to British Columbia in 1912 and joined the\nDepartment of Public Works. In 1916 he went to\nChina on railway work for the Pacific Construction\nCompany. Following this he carried on a private practice for a few years but rejoined the Department of\nPublic Works in 1923. At the time of his retirement\nin 1942 he was District Engineer for Victoria.\nTravellers, Etc.\nMISS ELIZABETH ANN SCOTT\u2014To Oklahoma for the\nsummer.\u2014B.A.  1944.\nDR. MURIEL E. HIDY, associate professor of Economics\nat Wheaton College at Norton, Mass., visiting her parents in Vancouver. She graduated from U.B.C. in 1927\nwith first-class honors, and was awarded the Antiquarian Fellowship at Clark's University, Worcester,\nMass.\nPHYLLIS BISHOP will go to Toronto, Endecott, N.Y., and\nNew York City. She was chosen with four other Canadian University co-eds to attend a series of system\nservice classes to be conducted in the above-mentioned\ncities. She is the first B.C. girl to receive the distinction of being chosen. After -her course is finished, she\nwill return to Vancouver to represent the firm sponsoring her.  She received her B.Com. 1944.\nSECTION OFFICER VALERIE ROBINSON was one of\nthe initial group sent to Florida for specialized training\nunder an Army Air Corps scheme. She is stationed at\nWestern Air Command at present, a member of operations department. She was the first U.B.C. student to\njoin the W.D., R.C.A.F.\n16\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE DELEGATES TO QUEBEC MEETING, MAY 24-26\nLeft   to   Right,   Back   Row:    Col.   C.   C.   Lindsay,   J.   B.   deHart,   Dr.   A.   E.\nCameron,   Dean   R.   A.   Spencer,   H.   C.   Anderson.      Front   Row:   M.   J.   Aykroyd,\nW.   P.   Dobson,   P.   Burke-Gaffney,   Major   M.   Barry   Watson,   A.   D.   Creer.\nLeft  to Righl:   P.  Burke-Gaffney,  J.  O.  Martineau,  H.  C.  Anderson.\nnnua\nDominion Council of\neetmg... yn\\m\\na\\ Engineers\nThe Annual Meeting of the Dominion Council of Professional Engineers was held at the Chateau Frontenac,\nQuebec, on May 24th-26th. Representatives from the various Provinces were:\u2014\nW. P. Dobson, Ontario, President.\nP. Burke-Gaffney, Manitoba, Vice-President.\nDr. A. E. Cameron, Nova Scotia.\nG. G. Murdoch, New Brunswick.\nCol. C. C. Lindsay, Quebec.\nDean R. A. Spencer, Saskatchewan.\nJ. B. deHart, Alberta.\nH. C. Anderson, British Columbia.\nMajor M. Barry Watson, Secretary-Treasurer.\nMr. M. J. Aykroyd, President of the Ontario Association, and Mr. A. D. Creer, Registrar of the British Columbia Association were present as obeservers.\nThe major topic of discussion was the effect of Order-\nin-Council P.C. 1003 on the employed engineer. President\nDobson reported on the ruling of the Wartime Labour Relations Board following a deputation representing not only\nthe Professional Associations, but the voluntary engineering\nand allied societies.    The ruling was as follows:\u2014\n\"For purposes of the regulations, persons employed in a\nprofessional capacity shall be deemed to be employed in a\nconfidential capacity, with the Board reserving the right\nto review its decision in six months.\"\nThe following resolution was passed unanimously:\u2014\nWhereas the consensus of opinion of the delegates\nhere assembled is:\u2014\n1. That it would have been preferable if conditions\nwere such that it would not be necessary for professional engineers to group themselves together for their\nown protection and advancement;\n2. That conditions being what they are, something\nmust be done for the welfare of the professional engineers, engineers-in-training and students of engineering\nthroughout Canada.\n3. That professional engineers in the normal practice of their profession occupy a position between labour\nand management; therefore, in order to serve the best\ninterests of both groups, it is imperative that they be\nnot identified with either labour or management.\nJULY, 1944\nBe it therefore resolved:\n(a) That the existing provincial professional engineering associations and corporation should immediately seek from their membership the necessary authority to act for them in matters affecting the salaries and\nwelfare of their registered members, engineers-in-training, recorded members, students and juniors.\n(b) That whereas these organizations are not now\nlegally empowered to assume such authority, they\nshould take the necessary steps to have their charters or\nacts amended to that end.\n(c) In those cases where direct action is not possible and legislative amendment is not feasible, that a\nseparate organization sponsored by the provincial associations or corporation should be established for this\npurpose.\nBe it Further Resolved:\nThat pending the granting of such necessary authority to the provincial associations or their duly constituted organizations' that exclusion from the provisions of P.C. 1003 be continued and that a request be\nmade for a supplementary order-in-council granting\nsole rights :o these associations or their duly constituted\norganizations to negotiate agreements affecting the salaries and welfare of professional engineers, engineers-in-\ntraining arid engineering students where these are engaged in the work of their profession.\nThe Council is unanimous in the suggestion that\nwhen submitting this proposal to the membership of\neach association that the latter should be informed that\nthere will be additional financial obligations involved\nin this undertaking.\nAmong other items discussed were the following: Engineering Education; Admission of Foreign Engineers; and\nPost War Reconstruction Plans.\nIn view of the negotiations with the Government as to\nthe Wartime Labour Relations Act, it was unanimously\nagreed that the President, Mr. W. P. Dobson, and the Vice-\nPresident, Mr. P. Burke-Gaffney, should continue in office\nfor another year. The 1945 meeting will be held in Alberta. cZditoxiaL ^ viz\nL\u00a3tV$ _\n<\u2022\u2014\nSOMETHING NEW\nA Vancouver daily has editorialized recently on the advisability of\nestablishing a School of Chinese Studies on the campus. With well-\nreasoned logic the editorial points out that now is the time for Vancouver\nto think about truly becoming the Gateway to the Orient. When the\nWar is over, it would appear that there are tremendous possibilities for\nexpansion of trade in the Orient and British Columbia is Canada's nearest\narea to the Orient. Further, says the editorial, the establishment of such\na faculty would not be overly costly since much of the staff and equipment\nis already present in Vancouver.\nThe Chronicle is not necessarily advocating a School of Chinese\nStudies, but the reasoning behind such a proposition is a sound one. The\nUniversity of British Columbia is sorely in need of a progressive attitude\ntowards education in this province. There has been far too much fear of\nventuring into new fields and the result has been that our University is\ngetting away behind more far-seeing institutions.\nIt is true that monetary considerations have been our major handicap\nbut there are many instances where the chances of overcoming the financial-barrier are more than good.    A law faculty, for example, would not\nbe extremely costly since there is present in the province a large legal\nbody whose support could be enrolled.  Elsewhere in this issue will be found\nnews of a gift of ten thousand dollars put up by the druggists of this province to help the setting up of\na pharmacy course at the University.    A Physical Education faculty does not present insurmountable monetary barriers.\nThere are some varied types of educational facilities that could be offered, even if only in a small\nway, if the University really set itself out to offer them. What is needed is a desire on the part of the\nUniversity governing bodies, and of the Provincial government, to provide these facilities.\nInstead of this desire the policy has been one of concentration of a few formalized fields. Even in\nthese success has by no means been great. Some of our faculties are so badly understaffed or under-equipped\nas to make their courses useless. Only in recent years has the University been able to offer more than a\nsmattering of a Commerce course for those men who might well become the business leaders of tomorrow\nand even now the course is by no means complete.\nThe University must come to realize that it is living in a world of wide educational demands. We\ncannot dare concentrate our higher educational facilities on strictly academic subjects. They are all well\nand good in their place and in their proper proportion but we must be ready to train our young men and\nwomen in the fields in which they are to earn their livelihood.\nThis does not mean that we should adopt an unrestrained course of setting up innumerable small\nfaculties. The results of such would prove useless. Nevertheless there is room\u2014and much room\u2014for\nexpansion in a far-sighted way and for a realization that the world of tomorrow rs to a large extent a product of what we teach our young people of today.\nTHE ENGINEERS' VIEWPOINT . . .\nWhen a man relinquishes control of his own affairs he naturally and automatically becomes controlled by others. In time he is dominated by others. He has lost his individuality. He becomes only\na part of a machine. He has lost his freedom. The road to freedom is paved with individual initiative;\nwith individual responsibility.\nToday the tendency throughout the world, and, we believe, particularly in Canada, is to take from\nmen that individual responsibility and place it with some central body of authority. We find men\nabrogating their rights to Union Officials. We see small businesses under the thumb (and usually\na very heavy thumb) of a huge octopus. In the realm of big business we have world-wide cartels.\nBut what appears to be the most dangerous feature of this modern trend is that it has crept into our\nbody politic.\nis\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE ^\nUnder the disguise of efficiency or with the excuse of wartime emergency, the Canadian provinces are slowly but surely handing their rights to the Federal Government at Ottawa. Certain interests are openly advocating more centralized control in the government of this Dominion. Their chief\nargument is that there should be more uniformity in the laws of the nine provinces. But uniformity\nshould not of necessity mean central control. In fact, there is no uniformity of natural conditions in-\nthis vast country, and the idea of uniformity, therefore, should be tempered with the local conditions\nand local needs.   Only the various provinces themselves can successfully cope with these conditions.\nWe bring these thoughts to our readers because we believe it imperative that the subject be\nopenly discussed by men who have the country's interests at heart. As engineers we know the absurdity of a top-heavy structure and a weak foundation. The strength of any structure is not controlled at the top. It is the foundation that is important. If the foundation is sound the top is\nlikely to take care of itself. The foundation of this Canada of ours is you and I. How good are we?\nHow sound is our thinking? Do we think at all, or are we just parrots relaying somebody else's gibberish, or \"believing\" in some one else's belief? ,\nThese are pertinent questions. They are questions that you and I must face fearlessly lest we\nwake up one morning and find the central power so infinite that we no longer have the privilege of\nexpressing our thoughts.\nWhere control is in the hands of the few, the normal functioning of democratic methods can\nbe balked and harrassed at every turn. Orders in Council, bureaucracy, Special Committees with powers to act\u2014these all tend to stifle the voice of the people. It is but a short step then to lobbying;\nto control by minority, pressure groups with personal axes to grind. ,\nWe suggest that the extreme view of any subject is seldom, if ever, the correct perspective. A\nmeasure of wise control is naturally necessary, but it is only wise when it is performing the will of\nthe controlled. Remote control cannot be in touch with that will of the people. Our civic and provincial authorities are necessary, and it is our belief that we should guard zealously our local rights of\ngovernment. We are going to see still more forays on our provincial and civic sovereignty, and it is\nfor us to analyze the situation and make our stand on the question.\nThe question, then, is: which is the mote democratic\u2014centralized power or decentralized authority? Can we in this Dominion prosper'by relinquishing control of most of our own affairs to a centralized few at Ottawa, or should we insist on our heritage? Can Ottawa really get a true acquaintance\nof Western needs, and would Ottawa do better for us than we can do for ourselves?\nWe all want a united Canada. Union is strength and strength means power\u2014power to obtain\nwhat we want as individuals. In fact it is only insofar as that individuality is respected that the union\nbecomes a success. The British Commonwealth of Nations is unfolding as a possible blueprint of a\nnew world order, but if the rights of the respective members of that commonwealth were encroached\nupon, the whole structure would fall.\nIt is equally true in the smaller sphere of the nation itself. The provincial field of taxation\nhas been taken over almost lock, stock and barrel by the Dominion Government. Ottawa in turn\ndoles out to the provinces scanty funds for local needs and local development. The moment a man\nor community of men become economically dependent on others, that man or community have become\nindeed abject slaves. We suggest, therefore, as a basis for our approach to the subject, \"Centralization or decentralization,\" that we stand pat on our economic rights. Only thus can we maintain our\nliberty of thought and action.\nVested interests\u2014vested powers are not the friends of the common nan. Whether in the industrial, commercial or political world, we voice the belief that we are travelling too fast along the road\nof centralized power. In some business and industrial quarters far-sighted, men at the helm have\nrealized this fact, and are, as quickly as possible, travelling the other way.\nCivic rights, once they are relinquished, are very hard to regain. When the war is over the British\nNorth America Act will come up for discussion.    It may need some revision to bring it up to date, but\n%     it will call for constant vigil on the part of every one of us if we are to retain our civic and provincial\nrights\u2014fought for and handed down to us by our forefathers.\nThis question is a challenge to all, but particularly to the scientific minds of technical men, who,\nwhen they build, know how to build well. An engineer is truly a better engineer for being interested\nin the vital problems of his day and generation, and for being willing to contribute toward their solution with orderly, scientific thinking.\nJULY, 1944 19 I  The Physiology of\nHigh Altitude Flight\nBy FLIGHT LIEUTENANT W. C. GIBSON\nEditor's Note: Bill Gibson is one of the University's greatest \"boosters.\" He has travelled extensively in England, Spain, Russia, and the United\nStates. Currently Fit. Lt. Gibson is campaigning for\nthe establishment of a Medical Faculty on the campus and also a school of public administration for\nprofessional men. He is associated with the No. 1\nClinical Investigation Unit, R.C.A.F., Toronto. For\nthe interest of our readers we print herewith part of\none of the lectures on high alti'ude flight that Bill\nhas been giving across Canada. This material is\npublished by permission of R.C.A.F. authorities.\nThe three major physiological problems of high altitude\nflight are anoxia (or oxygen starvation), decompression\nsickness (or \"bends\"), and frostbite. They are today the\nchief causes of failure in carrying out assigned flying missions at altitudes above 25,000 feet.\nOne is often asked why it is necessary for aircrew to\nfly at altitudes up to 40,000 feet where the physiological\nrisks involved are reputedly as great as the dangers of\nenemy action at lower levels. It should be made clear at\nthe outset that by persistent and pooled research by physiologists, engineers, and clothing experts, it has been possible\nto overcome the hazards of high altitude flight in a very\neffective way. High altitude flying can be shown to be\nsafer than any other type when the equipment so laboriously perfected in laboratories is used by aircrew strictly\naccording to the rules laid down. The stratosphere exacts\na grim price from those who fail to adhere to the rules.\nThe values of high-alti'.ude flight may be briefly enumerated as:\u2014\n(a) Protection from anti-aircraft fire, which now exceeds 30,000 feet.\n(b) Protection from unpredictable weather hazards on\nlong missions, such as ice forming on the wings.\nTo take an illustration from the commercial field:\nA survey was made in the United States to determine at what altitude so-called \"Stratoliners\"\nwould have to operate in order to fly transcontinental schedules daily, regardless of the weather.\nIt was found that an altitude of 20,000 feet would\npermit \"overweather\" operations 90% of the time.\nBy going to 30,000 feet, an insignificant advantage was to be gained.\n(c) Protection from interceptor craft.\n(d) For properly designed aircraft the optimal speed\nat 40,000 feet is just twice that at ground level,\ndue to the decreased density of the atmosphere at\ngreat heights. In other words, long bombing missions can be accomplished more rapidly at high\naltitudes.\n(e) If a pilot is equipped for high altitude flight he\ncan select that level at which he has the help of\n20\n(f)\na favourable wind, thus increasing speed and decreasing fuel consumption.\nFinally, reconnaissance planes, capable of flying\nabove 40,000 feet, can carry on their important\nphotographic work unmolested. Carrying no armament whatever, they can streak across the sky,\nphotographing battle lines, bombed areas, or fresh\ntargets.\nANOXIA\n(Anoxemia, altitude sickness or oxygen starvation)\nThe problem of anoxia is an old one. It determines the\noutcome of battles today just as it did in ancient times.\nMarco Polo, travelling across the high plateaux of central\nAsia, complained thta there, \"fire is not so bright nor so\nwarm as in other places.\" The Chinese attributed their\nmountain hardships to \"pestilential exhalations from the\nground.\" Thousands perished of anoxia and cold in the\nconquest of Peru and of Chile, about the time Jacques\nCartier landed in Canada.\nThe history of the way in which we gained our present\nunderstanding of anoxia is particularly interesting for\nmedical men, since the first balloonists were doctors\u2014and\nto balloonists we owe a lot for their early attempts to find\nout the composition of the atmosphere in which we now\nfly so freely.\nThe first human being to go up in a balloon was the\nFrench surgeon, de Rozier (1783). A Boston physician,\nJohn Jeffries, flew a balloon from Dover across to France\nsoon afterwards. Edward Jenner startled the quiet folk of\nGloucestershire with a hydrogen balloon for a time. James\nTytler, a Scottish surgeon, was the first man to go up in\na balloon in the British Isles. George Fordyce, the London\nphysician, sent up hydrogen balloons with a motley crew\ncomposed of a pigeon and a cat, a dog and an Italian!\nThese ascents all had as their object the gathering of information on meteorology and on the effects of high altitudes\non living creatures. They are to be sharply disitnguished\nfrom the later buffoonery in which showmen took up tigers\nand wedding parties in balloons!\nIn the evening of January 30th, 1804, a Russian otologist, Sacharov, made a very useful balloon ascent from St.\nPetersburg, in company with a distinguished French pilot.\nSacharov described the dullness and numbness in the ears\nso well known to flyers today from barometric pressure\nchanges. He accurately measured the reflection of his voice\nfrom the earth, his pulse and respirations, and he filled\nevacuated tubes with air at varying altitudes up to 8,000\nfeet. By 10:30 p.m. he was feeling so well that he wanted\nto go on all night. When the pilot refused to concur in\nthis, Sacharov, with a disregard for January weather found\nonly in Russians, took off his fur coat and threw it out of\nthe balloon, in the hope of gaining height. But the pilot,\nobviously less affected, promptly brought the balloon down.\nNot all pilots have had the sense to come down as this\none did, while still able to make sensible decisions. In 1875\na  balloon  ascent,  in which  two physiologists  died,  shook\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE the French nation as if a bomb had struck. Two well\ntrained aeronauts had died while ascending to an altitude\nof 28,000 feet. A third, Tissandier, landed in a state of\ncollapse, but soon recovered. The story of what happened\non that tragic ascent, as contained in Tissandier's notebook,\nis so typical of what happens even today, wherever aviators are stubbornly skeptical of the value of oxygen, that\nI shall dwell for a moment on the relevant details of the\nflight.\nThe most striking thing about the whole tragedy is\nthat two men died from lack of oxygen, and yet when the\nballoon landed, the leather oxygen bags contained \"the\nlarger part of the oxygen that had been put into them\"\noriginally.\nThe three balloonists took ofl knowing that they had a\ndangerously inadequate oxygen supply. Against the advice\nof Paul Bert, the great French physiologist, they took off,\nresolved that they would use the oxygen sparingly, and only\nwhen absolutely necessary. Two of them died before this\nnecessity occurred to them\u2014anoxia's onset was, and still is,\nso insidious.\nTheir oxygen was breathed from a short tube stuck in\nthe cork of an ordinary laboratory \"wash bottle.\" Oxygen\nfrom the leather storage bags entered the wash bottle by a\ntube which bubbled it up through water \"flavored with\nbenzoin\"\u2014to take away the odor of the leather bags. With\nno mention of the nose being shut off, it is possible that\nthe balloonists breathed in the surrounding air as well as\ntheir oxygen, even when they did use their apparatus.\nWater, even \"flavored with benzoin\", freezes at about \u20143\u00b0\nC, and since the balloonists spent two hours at \u20148\u00b0 C. or\ncolder, it may be that their oxygen bubbler system froze\nup\u2014just as some poorly designed oxygen masks do today.\nAt 14,000 feet the French balloonists took a few token\nwhiffs of oxygen to reassure themselves that their oxygen\napparatus would work. But a false sense of security was\neven then overcoming them, and their fatal mistake, too\noften repeated today, was made at 14,000 feet\u2014for there\nthey set aside their ozygen until they should \"really\" need\nit. At 23,000 feet Tissandier awoke to the fact that his\ncompanions were motionless. He later wrote, \"Numbness\nhad seized me; my hands were cold and icy. I wanted to\nput on my fur gloves; but without realizing it, the action\nof taking them from my pocket demanded an effort which\nI could no longer make.\"\nThough Tissandier managed to write a few more notes,\nhe had no recollection of his having written them when he\nstudied his records as ground level. As his handwriting\nbecame less legible, it became repetitive\u2014both classic signs\nof anoxia.\nAnoxic incidents of this type occurring in military aircraft today have brought near tragic results of which we\nknow, and probably fatal results of which we shall never\nknow.\nTissandier summarized the situation in a nut-shell when\nhe said, \"One does not suffer at all; on the contrary. One\nexperiences inner joy\u2014one becomes indifferent; one no\nlonger thinks of the perilous situation or the danger; one\nrises and is happy to rise.\" He continues, \"Soon I wanted\nto seize the oxygen tube, but could not raise my arm.\"\nSoon all three were unconscious.\nFor a brief moment it seemed as if Fortune were with\nthem, as the balloon began rapidly to descend. With the\ndecrease in altitude and the tossing of the balloon, one man\nregained consciousness. He threw out ballast in order to\nstop the descent, and then in a desperate effort threw over\ninstruments, and the blankets which were to keep the\nthree warm. This was the final error, for it was then \u20148\u00b0\nC. and the altitude was 21,000 feet. Up went the balloon\nagain to an unknown height, to return to the ground 1l\/?\nhours later with two men dead, and one in a faint.\nThanks to the labours of Paul Bert and other physiologists, the reasons for \"altitude sickness\" have been made\nclear to us. He showed that decreasing the barometric\npressure had no effect on a man if he breathed sufficient\noxygen. It was the lack of oxygen in the upper atmosphere which killed men, not the decreased barometric pressure as such. This seems a commonplace to us today, who\nlaugh at the evil spirits and \"pestilential exhalations\" once\nthought to be the danger. But how many of us stop to\nrealize that at an altitude of 10,000 feet there is available\nonly two-thirds the mass of oxygen which we enjoy at sea\nlevel, and at 16,500 feet only half as much? At 33,500\nfeet there is only one-fifth the sea level oxygen.\nNow human beings are so constructed as to require an\noxygen pressure of three pounds per square inch in the\nlungs at all times (i.e. one-fifth of the atmospheric pressure\nat sea level). The further we rise from sea level the greater\nmust be the oxygen supplement introduced through a mask.\nAt approximately 3 5,000 feet, where the total atmospheric\npressure is only about three pounds per square inch, our\nrespiratory intake must be entirely oxygen. The natural\nair at 35,000 feet will not sustain human life for many\nseconds. But a properly functioning oxygen system will\nmake life 100% efficient at an altitude of 35,000 feet for\nas long as one wants to remain there. Such a system has\nbeen perfected by R.C.A.F. researchers and is available for\nservice today wherever required.\nFor altitudes in the neighborhood of 40,000 feet or\nabove, where the total barometric pressure falls to approximately two pounds per square inch, methods must be found\nto raise this to the three pounds per square inch necessary\nto support life, even when breathing 100% oxygen. As\nPaul Bert suggested last century, pressurized cabins and\npressure suits would solve the problem, as they have done,\nto a large extent, in small, easily-pressurized aircraft. But\nthe structural problem of pressurizing large bombers is still\nconsiderable. A plane built strongly enough to maintain\nsea level conditions inside the cabin, while flying at 50,000\nfeet, would never leave the ground, so heavy would it be.\nThe future for pressure suits is not bright, due to their inflexibility and awkwardness. However, the Russians have\nstayed 5J4 hours at a simulated altitude of 53,000 feet in\npressure suits, and have flown aircraft in comfort at the\nsame altitude with them.\nA final oxygen problem of high altitude flying is concerned with parachuting from high levels. An aviator\nleaving his aircraft at 40,000 feet and not opening his\nparachute, would reach the ground in three minutes. If he\nopened his parachute on leaving his plane, he would reach\nthe ground in 24 minutes; he would float for eleven minutes through the cold and oxygen-deficient air above\n20,000 feet. He might, therefore, land safely, but be\ndead. If, on the other hand, he delayed opening his parachute, he might lose consciousness at a great height and fail\nto awaken in time to pull his rip-cord. In which case he,\nalso, would be dead. Therefore, high altitude flyers are\nequipped with a small portable bail-out bottle, that which\ncontains sufficient oxygen for several minutes' breathing.\nWith this a flyer can remain conscious during his delayed\njump, and can pull his rip-cord when he has left the cold\nand anoxic regions of the sky.\nJULY, 1944\n21 What is WRONG   }\nEditor's Note: This analysis and criticism of our\nUniversity government together with some constructive suggestions for improvements has been\nprepared by a group of prominent alumni and is\nbeing released with the hope that it will foster much\ndiscussion and call forth further ideas in the interests of the betterment of higher educational facilities in B. C.\nComments and criticism will be equally tvrl-\ncomed.  We are waiting to hear from you.\n*      *      *      *\nOutmoded Constitution at U. B. C.\nA bi-cameral system of government is an extremely\ngood device to prevent things being done. The British\nColumbia University Act (1936) provides for a bi-cameral\nsystem of government, viz. (a) Board of Governors and\n(b) Senate. The other provisions regarding Convocation\nand Faculty Council are unimportant and in practice have\nno influence on University Government policy. A bicameral system of government has its origin in one of the\nflukes of history\u2014away back in the time of Simon de\nMontfort (1265) when the king in calling representatives\nto his Great Council issued two kinds of writ, one a general\nwrit to burgesses (whence comes the House of Commons)\nand another a personal writ to squires and landowners\n(whence comes the House of Lords).\nGovernmental institutions the world over have followed\nthe British pattern on the theory that an elected body,\nwhich might reflect the popular emotions, would prevent\nhasty action and put a brake on social change.\nIn Canada the Senate has become an asylum for superannuated politicians; in the United States the constitutional\ndivision of powers is even worse. The early constitution\nbuilders of the American Constitution followed Montesquieu's adulation of the British Constitution and read\ninto it a division of powers\u2014Executive, Legislative and\nJuridical Divisions of authority\u2014at a time when in Great\nBritain the Executive and Legislative funcions were being\nco-joined in a Cabinet system responsible to the House of\nCommons.\nThis development escaped Montesquieu and the Americans, following the earlier model, set up a system of checks\n..nd balances which is nowadays a constitutional anachronism and leads to continuous obstruction. These facts are\nwell known.\nCentralization of Power\nIn a University there is no need for a system of government designed to obstruct educational policy and educational development or expansion.\nThe Board of Governors is supposed to be a finance\ncommittee, and really nothing else, while the Sena'.e is\nsupposed to be in control of educational policy, but this\ndivision of powers is not only obstructionist but also impossible of attainment.\nIt is well known that he who controls the purse strings\ncontrols the policy also. In practice, therefore, the Board\nof Governors controls the educational policy, the personal\npolicy, and the public relations policy (if these do exist)\nof the University.\n22\n\u2022     \u2022     \u2022     L*c.    \u2022     \u2022      \u2022\nThe University\n* # * *\nThe Senate, which is much more representative, has\nbecome simply either a rubber stamp for changes in\ncourses proposed by the faculties or a mildly suggestive\nbody for something new, e.g. Home Economics.\nUndemocratic System of Appointments\nWhat makes the matter worse is that the majority of\nthe Board of Governors are government appointees,' appointed on a 3-year rotal system which gives the government an indirect but regulatory control over the finances\nand policies of the institution. It may be objected that the\ngovernment does not interfere directly with the institution;\nit doesn't need to interfere when it controls the majority\nappointments to the Board.\nMeager Senate Representation\nThe Senate representation of three members to the\nBoard has in practice been of no importance whatever;\nthey have never asserted an education policy which was\neither their own or the declared policy of the senate. In\nappointing members to the Board the Government has not\nchosen citizens of outstanding educational qualifications or\nthose representative of educational aspirations.\nRaise Appropriations, Not the Fees\nThey have chosen for the most part successful business men, conserva ive in their thinking. The Board has\nnever shown'any vision, any constructive thinking, any\nforwardness in promoting the University one way or another. They have followed the line of least resistance\u2014\nraising fees rather than fighting to raise appropriations.\nThis is to be expected from Government nominees;\nthey are not likely to attack the Government which appoints them. As long as they think of their own prestige\nas members of a University Board of Governors they sacrifice the prestige of the University.\nThe result has been that the University has become less\nand less democratic both in government and in spirit.\nEducational Opportunity Curtailed\nIncreasing the cost of a University education limits its\nservices and the opportunities it presents to the public.\nEquality of educational opportunity is limited by economic\nstatus, and if the policy of the University Government is\nto raise fees rather than appropriations it is providing educational facilities not for all who wish to avail themselves\nof these opportunities but for those of the middle class\u2014\nthe sons arid daughters of the more prosperous citizens. It\nbecomes a class and not a provincial institution.\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE That has been #ie development of the University ever\nsince the depression slice in the University appropriations.\nNor has the Board of Governors ever made an effort to\nfight publicly for a better deal for the institution. Apparently they have been willing to accept prestige without the\nresponsibility of being members of a University governing\nbody.\nNo Personnel Policy\nThis lack of responsibility, of constructive ac ion, of\nforward thinking and even of ordinary awareness permeates\nthe whole institution. For example, there is no personnel\npolicy. Increases and promotions are both haphazard and\nbeyond normal expectancy. Promotions are not made for\nlength of service, personal research, personal publications,\npersonal teaching ability, or on any reasonable criterion\nwhich one would normally associate with an institution of\nhigher learning.\nOutstanding members of the staff have gone for years\nwithout increases or promotions while others with no better training or comparative achievement and even with a\nshorter period of service to the institution are rewarded in\npreference.\nHow can any department function in the best interest\nof the University when it is operating on a temporary basis\nfor a period of years while the head of the department is\non perpetual leave of absence? This arrangement is not\nfair to the acting head nor inducive to he best educational\nservices to the students.\nSuch a policy does not make for harmony in the institution; some men eventually get soured, feel that there is\nno use putting forth a special effort and take their duties\nperfunctorily. This lack of a personnel policy has led to\nthe suggestion that increases and promotions should be decided by lottery\u2014then at least all would have an equal\nchance!\nThe fault, of course, lies with the Board of Governors;\ntheir staff committee apparently assents to all changes, to\nall increases or promotions presented to them by their administrative officers without enquiring, but, what is more\nimportant, without reference to a set of rules or criteria\nwinch any sound personnel policy should have.\nSenate Only a Channel\nWithout the tools you cannot build. Without the personnel you have not a universtiy of higher education, but\nmerely an uninspired school for routine training.\nThe Senate, which is more represen' ative and democratic than the Board of Governors, has not shown much\ninitiative either in presenting an educational policy or in\npushing. Of course, the Senate is at a big disadvantage.\nAll its resolutions are canalised and when presen ed to the\nboard may take on a new significance in the light: of financial commitments or of financial policy. When so many\nof your ideas are stillborn you stop conceiving. So it has\nbeen with the Senate.\nThe President and University Government.\nWhat is the solution? No matter what manner of a\nnew President the University may get the governmental\nset-up still remains. If he is a man who is so afraid of\nmaking mistakes that he will never do anything the situation will be bad. A President should not be in a position\nto play the Senate against the Board, and play educational\npolicy against financial policy; he should be as representative of the educational aspirations of the institutions as\nevery member in it and in its government.    He should not\nbe in a position where he can be blamed for a lack of\ninitiative or of a constructive policy if he is blocked by a\nbifurcated system of government and responsibility; nor\nshould he be in a position to claim an alibi for himself by\nblaming his own shortcomings on the Board or the Senate.\nThe present system of government places a President in\nan ideal position for escaping personal responsibility and\nfor assuming powers which rightly do not belong to him\nat all. An undemocratic system of government makes for\npetty dictatorship; an enlightened dictatorship may be tolerable but this does not justify it. An unenlightened dictatorship is a cancer on the institution which is designed\nto serve democratic needs.\nThe President Responsible to a Democratic\nRepresentation cf the People\nThe President must be made amenable to democratic\ninstitutions, that is, amenable to control and to the broad\npolicy of education in this Province; he ought to be responsible to a governing body elected on broad democratic\nprinciples, not to a body largely appointed by the hand\nthat control:; the Provincial appropriations. If he is a\nsmall man in a big job he will be made bigger than he really\nis by working with democra ic representatives. If he is a\nbig man to start with he will not object to working with\nthose representing the larger purposes of the community.\nThe institution must be protected against the appointment of a small man by making the University a big responsibility. That in the last analysis can only be done by\nmaking the Government of the University as democratic\nas possible, i.e., as representative as can be of professional,\neducation and group interests of every community, income\nbracket, or occupational field in the province.\nChange University Act.\nThe time has come not only to get a new President but\nto get a new constitution for he University. We have the\nformer, now to get the latter. The British Columbia University Act should be changed. One governing body should\nbe established which would have in its own hands the education policy and the financial policy of the institution.\nEnlarge Senate.\nThe Board of Governors should be abolished and a broad\nrepresentative body after the model of the Senate should be\nset up in its stead. The Government could still appoint a\nfew members to the new representative senate if it so desired but these would plainly have to be in the minority.\nThe finance function of the body could well be undertaken by a committee which would report ways and means\ntO the body (or Senate) on every new proposal. In this\nway educational policy would be integrated directly with\nfinancial resources.\nFaster Public Discussion.\nMoreover, if finances should not be available for any\nproposed development (e.g. establishment of a law school)\nit would be the responsibility of the Senate to present its\ncase as a body to the Provincial Government, initiate public discussion on the policy and obtain public support.\nThere has been too much hide-and-seek in the past;\nthe public has never been fully informed about University\nmatters\u2014policies, finances or problems\u2014but these should\nbe brought into the light of public discussion. If the\nUniversity policy is sound and constructive the University\nhas nothing to hide from the public. If it wants to hide\nsomething from the public you may be sure it is wrong.\nJULY, 1944 Alumni Action.\nThe Alumni should press, therefore, for a change in\nthe University Constitution immediately. The opportunity\nis now and it may be related to the post-war educational\nprogramme for higher education and above all for the democratization of higher education.\nRecommendations\u2014Decentralization of All\nUniversity Facilities.\nImmediate objectives should be:\u2014\n(a) Change in the University Constitution as indicated\nabove.\n(b) The reduction of fees to a nominal amount to make\nequality of education opportunity a reality.\n(c) A revision of curricular requirements in line with a\nbroader educational policy for the institution, such as\ninclusion of a department of Human Relations (we\nhave studied many relations during the recent century\nof scientific development but little attention has been\npaid to better ways of getting along with your coworker, neighbor or fellow nation\u2014witness the present war's strife between people).\n(d) Provision of funds for social and economic research\niether from Foundations or from special appropriations\nfrom the Government for this purpose.\n(e) Dominion subsidies for higher education to meet\n(i)   technical and occupational forming;\n(ii)   to co-ordinate government research and University  research  in  a  wide  range  of  scientific  fields\nthrough the better use of their joint staff and equipment.\nFor this, due emphasis must be placed on liberal arts\neducational facilities, for the province and nation will need\nmany well rounded and clear thinking men and women as\nBabcock Equipment\nis Serving Both Afloat and Ashore\nOur over 85 years' experience and facilities unequalled in this country are producing Marine Boilers, Marine Engines,\nPumps, Compressors, etc., for corvettes,\nminesweepers and cargo boats. Also for\nthe Canadian War Effort on land we are\nsupplying boilers and other equipment to\ngenerate power for vital war production\nindustries. BABCOCK design and BABCOCK manufacturing standards ensure\nefficiency and dependability.\nBABCOCK . WILCOX   &\nGOLDI E -McCULLOCH\nGALT limited CANADA\nBranch  Offices\nMontreal       Toronto       Winnipeg       Vancouver\nB. C. Representative\nC.  C. MOORE  & CO.,  VANCOUVER\nleaders in the human cause of democracy to counterbalance\nthe large number of scientific and technical personnel being\ntrained at present.\nOne might add that the function of the University\nshould be broadened out as far as possible not only into\ngeneral education for the masses, but also into the promotion of the Province's resources and industrial development.\nOnly hesitant and tentative steps have recently been taken\nin this direction; they have come not from the initiative\nof the University authorities but rather from outside necessities.\nFinale.\nThe first two (a) and (b) above, are primary requisites for the democratization and the better government of\nthe University. The others are ancillary but eventually\nnecessary if the University is to fill its proper place in the\nlife and opportunities of the Province.\nTuum Est \"it is up to you\" has come to mean \"It is\nup to the other fellow\u2014I'll pass the buck. Better our\nmotto should be \"it is up to us\" and let us earnestly do\nsomething about our provincial University of B. C.\nThe Wartime Bureau of Technical Personnel\nmonthly Bulletin\nUniversity Science Students Regulations\nBy the end of May, out of approximately 13 50 Engineering and Science graduates of the class of 1944, 1000\nhad been definitely placed either with the Armed Forces or\nin essential civilian undertakings. In this connection, it\nshould be borne in mind that certain universities had not\nheld their convocation exercises and quite a number of students were busy with attendance at C.O.T.C. camps. Actually, the placement of the graduating class was well advanced as compared with the previous year and this is no\ndoubt due to the fact that it was possible to put into effect\nthe machinery for allocating these students considerably\nearlier this year due to experience gained in 1943, which\nwas the first year in which the Science Regulations were\nadministered.\nReference to the Bureau's permit files indicates that\nthere is no lack of openings in essential undertakings for\nthe absorption of this year's graduates. In certain branches\nof engineering and science, the graduating class had been\npractically completely absorbed by the end of May and\napplications were continuing to come in for the balance.\nDemand foj Technical Personnel (Armed Force)\nIt is estimated that there are between 5000 and 6000\ntechnical persons now serving in the Armed Forces as technical officers. In addition to those who have been placed\nin technical appointments, there is a considerable number\nserving either as officers in non-technical branches or in the\nranks of the three services. It is also known that considerably more than half of the technical persons serving in the\nArmed Forces graduated since the war broke out. This is,\nof course, to be expected in view of the fact that maximum ages for entry in various capacities in the different\nservices tend to restrict appointments and enlistments to\nmen in comparatively low age groups.\nSo far as technical appoin* ments are concerned, there\nhas been no difficulty in securing for the technical branches\nof all three services such technical persons as are required\nfrom time to time.\nMonthly Statistics\nDuring the month, 1800 interviews were granted by\nthe Bureau staff; 97 questionnaires were added to the files;\nand 793 permits to employ technical personnel were issued.\n24\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE FAIRBRIDGE\nBy DOROTHY G. TAYLOR, B.A.\nEditor's Note:  Miss Taylor, a prominent graduate\nand newspaperwoman, is an Assistant Editor of the\nChronicle.\nThat Col. H. T. Logan, Rhodes scholar and ex-U.B.C.\nfaculty member, is doing a fine job as principal of the Prince\nof Wales Fairbridge Farm School at Duncan is no news to\nU.B.C. alumni. But an interview with Col. Logan during\nhis annual Convocation visit to Vancouver convinced this\nrepresentative of the Graduate Chronicle that the secret of\nhis success lies even beyond his ability and his enthusiasm for\nthe work being done. The principal of Fairbridge is spurred\non in his achievements by a deep conviction that the training\nof future Canadians as provided at the farm school is one of\nthe greatest contributions that can be made towards the successful future of this country.\nTo help the underprivileged child in England, at the same\ntime enriching Canada's population by providing sound, well\ntrained settlers, is the object of the Kingsley Fairbridge system as outlined by Col. Logan, who points out that this is a\nform of immigration that cannot fail in results. \"We try to\nteach the children what is good and right,\" said the Prince\nof Wales School principal, \"and how they can get a start in\nCanada along lines that will contribute to Canada's well-\nbeing.   The work is sound in method and sound in results\u2014\nand is work that can be multiplied over and over again, in\nevery province of Canada, if the people want it.\"\nThe Fairbridge farms, established in 1909 by the late\nKingsley Fairbridge, to rescue children from damaging conditions and to train them for life and work in the Dominions,\nare supported by private subscription in the United Kingdom\nas well as by grants from the British government. The British Columbia school has also for the past three years received\na grant from the provincial government, and since the beginning of the war has succeeded in getting several large private\nsubscriptions in Canada, to ease the sterling situation.\nInteresting facts disclosed by Col. Logan included the information that: already the total earnings of Fairbridge graduates more than balance the cost of their education. In 1942\nthe youngsters, both graduates and those still in training,\nearned more than $60,000 in wages, and have invested in\nexcess of $10,000 in Victory Bonds. Each child has a savings\naccount, as a saving plan is an important part of Fairbridge\ntraining. Until the age of 21, it is a rule that part of all\nwages received goes into the bank. At present Fairbridgians'\nsavings amount to over $20,000.\n\"So you see,\" Col. Logan explained in this connection,\n\"it is worth it even from an economic standpoint\u2014and still\nmore from a human one.\"\nThe number of children at the Prince of Wales School is\nnow down to 124\u201440 girls and 84 boys. There have been\nno new arrivals since 1941, and a recently expected group had\ntheir sailing cancelled by the Home Office as a pre-invasion\nmeasure.\nOf the 125 graduates, 45 boys and 9 girls are in the active\nforces, 20 being already overseas. The average age of these\nyoungsters is 18 l\/2.\n(Please Turn to Page 36)\n\u2666   DORMITORIES   \u2666\nWe are indeed gratified to learn that organizations in\nthis Province, other than groups closely associated with\nthe University, are interesting themselves in the question\nof dormitories for the undergraduates.\nAt the recent Conference of the B. C. Region of the\nCanadian Junior Chamber of Commerce held at Penticton,\nthe following resolution was unanimously adopted:\nWhereas the Senate and the Board of Governors of\nthe University of British Columbia have submitted a\nBrief to the Post-War Rehabilitation Council asking for\nbuildings costing $550,000.00 for dormitories for men\nand women;and\nWhereas the need for these dormitories has long\nbeen apparent in as much as it has been very difficult\nfor students from the Interior to find suitable living\nquarters; and\nWhereas this difficulty has been further aggravated\nduring the last four years due to the influx of war\nworkers; and\nWhereas this condition has undoubtedly in many\ncases been the deciding factor in turning students away\nfrom the University of British Columbia to other universities;\nNow therefore be it resolved that the British Columbia\nRegion of the Junior Chamber of Commerce of Canada\ngive their strongest support to the request of the Senate\nand Board of Governors of the University of British\nColumbia and ask the Government that such dormitories be given first consideration in any building programme at the University of British Columbia.\nThe resolution was submitted by the Rossland Junior\nBoard of Trade.\nWe hope that the action of such a representative body\nas the Canadian Junior Chamber of Commerce will be\nemulated by other organizations throughout the Province,\nparticularly those located in communities in the Interior.\nWe have good reason to believe that the success of our\nendeavours to persuade the authorities to construct such\nobviously necessary facilities will depend to a great extent\nupon the demand arising from centres and rural districts\nin the Interior from which students requiring such accommodation originate.\nIt should be the duty of all graduates living anywhere\nin this Province to sponsor resolutions such as this within\nany organization or group to which they belong. Public\nopinion on a broad and substantial basis must be mobilized\nin support of dormitories if our programme is to succeed.\nIULY, 1944\n25 correspondence .\nReplies and Views of the Writers on the Subject of\nCollective Bargaining for Professional engineers\nJune 20, 1944.\nRegistrar,\nAssociation of Professional Engineers of B. C,\n93 0 Birks Building,\nVancouver, B. C,\nDear Sir:\nReferring to your circular letter of May 19th on the subject of\nCollective Bargaining for Professional Engineers, I have already forwarded to you my answers to the questions set out in the questionnaire which accompanied your letter.\nFrom casual discussion of the subject with other engineers, I\nfind that I do not see eye to eye with some of my fellow members of\nthe Association, and as my views. are definitely against exclusion of\nEngineers from the provisions of P.C. 1003, it may be proper that I\nshould record my opinion, so that the Council may know that the\nviewpoint in favour of exclusion, which has gained wide publicity, is\nnot unanimous among the rank and file of our membership.\nIt seems to me that the Engineering Profession has become unduly\ndisturbed over the question of Collective Bargaining, and I personally\nsee no objection to associating myself with my fellow employees for\nthe purpose of collaborating with our employer in matters of working\nconditions and general welfare.\nP.C. 1003, entitled \"Wartime Labour Relations Regulations,\" was\npassed by the Governor General-in-Council on February 18, 1944, as a\nmeasure in the public interest to facilitate collaboration between employers and e'mployees \"for the advancement of the enterprises in which\nthey are engaged.\" These regulations are deemed necessary \"by reason\nof the War, for the security, defense, peace, order and welfare of\nCanada and for the effective prosecution of the War.\"\n' According to the preamble of the Order, the regulations are made\nfor the following purpose:\u2014\n\"That employers and employees should freely discuss matters\nof mutual interest with each other;\n\"That differences between employers and employees should be\nsettled by  peaceful means;  and\n\"That both employers and employees should be free to organize for the conduct of negotiations between them and that a procedure should be established  for such  negotiations.\"\nThe  regulations   authorize  Collective  Bargaining,   and   provide   for\nthe   establishment   of   Wartime   Labour   Relations   Boards,   Conciliation\nOfficers and Boards, and other machinery for the proper functioning of\nthe provisions made.\nCanada Chain & Forge Co.\nLIMITED\nMANUFACTURERS\nWELDED CHAIN\nGRANVILLE ISLAND\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\nThe memo prepared by the Ontario Association, a copy of which\nwas forwarded with your letter, indicates that some engineers wish to\nbe excluded from participation in Collective Bargaining as outlined in\nP.C. 1003, and as an alternative urge the establishment of a Dominion-\nwide body composed of engineers only. In other words, it is proposed\nto form a National Trades Union of Professional Engineers. This\nappears to me a dangerous proposal, to which I am definitely opposed.\nThere are two statements in the Ontario memo with which I\ndisagree and shall deal with presently, but first of all I agree that there\nare some members of the engineering profession who are not affected\nby P.C. 1003, namely, those who are classed as employers. There is\na further group, the consulting engineers in private practice, who can\nquite well look after themselves by acting as their own bargaining\nagents. It is the great bulk of the members of the profession, those\nwho are employed by Manufacturers, Contractors, Mining Companies,\nPublic Utilities, Government Departments, Municipal Governments,\netc., who are mainly affected by this order-in-council, and it is with\nthis group chiefly that my further comments are concerned.\nIn the second paragraph of Article 4 of the Ontario memo it is\nstated that:\u2014\n\"It   (P.C.   1003)   places engineers  in  a  group whose interests\nare not their own.\"\nI disagree with this statement. Why should engineering employees\nstand aloof from their fellow employees, such as accountants, salesmen, clerks, stenographers, etc., and expect treatment under Wartime\nLabour Relations Regulations different from that which may be legitimately desired by their fellow employees? And why should engineering employees deny their fellow employees the benefit of helpful cooperation in such  matters?\nEngineers as a group should have no self-interest in regard to\nCollective Bargaining which could not be shared to advantage with\ntheir fellow employees. Our professional interests are not directly or\nprimarily concerned with Wartime Labour Relations, and any attempt\non our part to make use of our position as a professional body, restricted by legislative enactment, to obtain preferential treatment under\nan exclusive form of Collective Bargaining, would in my opinion not\nonly lose us the respect of our fellow citizens, but would destroy also\nwithin ourselves the professional spirit that we have consciously striven\nto cultivate during the past 25 years.\nThere may be engineers who do not wish to associate themselves\nwith any of the large industrial Labour Unions, but, as far as I can\nsee, it is not required under P.C. 1003 that they must do this. Take\nmy own case; I have hundreds of fellow employees who belong to one\nInternational Labour Union, and hundreds more who belong to another\nsuch Union. I have joined neither, but belong to a group of non-union\nemployees who have formed ourselves into an \"Employees' Organization\" under the provisions of P.C. 1003. Similar action should be\nopen to any non-unionized group of employees of other companies.\nIn the sixth paragraph of Article 2 of the Ontario memo, the\nopinion is expressed: \"that there is no reason why engineers should not\nbargain collectively.\"\nAs already stated, I believe it to be not only inadvisable, but\nindeed quite improper that registered engineers should bargain collectively as an exclusive body in matters governed by P.C. 1003. Such an\narrangement would automatically confer Trades Union Status on a\nlegalized professional group, and would constantly expose the Profession to a strong temptation to make self-interest its prime aim and\nobjective.\nAny yielding to such temptation would conflict with the philosophy of the Engineering Profession, and would be contrary to the\nspirit and purpose of the legislative acts which we have been entrusted\nto administer.\nIt may well be that engineers who now occupy the Council seats\nwould scorn the idea of setting self-interest before public interest, but\nonce a Trades Union Organization were established, we would soon get\ncandidates  running  for  office who would  see  an opportunity  for pri-\n26\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE Vate gain, and whose ideas of professional outlook  and  public interest\nmight lead the whole engineering body sadly astray.\nIt is the old story of the serpent in the Garden of Eden pointing\nto the attractive looking fruit. This particular fruit is called Exclusive Bargaining for Engineers. Is it sweet, and is it juicy? And how?\nBut if we take it and eat thereof, we may well find ourselves faced\nwith the prospect one fine day of expulsion from the garden of professional people.\nIn conclusion, just one word about the idea of still another Dominion-wide organization of engineers. We have too many as it is.\nAfter years of discussion, we decided that the Dominion Council is the\nlogical body to represent all registered engineers nationally. That\nCouncil has made slow and steady progress. It is natural and desirable\nthat its growth should be evolutionary rather than spectacular. If we\nhave a surplus of money and energy to put into Dominion-wide organization, let us put such effort into the activities of the Dominion\nCouncil. But because the Government finds it expedient to set up certain Wartime Labour Relations Regulations to take care of problems\nbetween employers and employees is no reason for forming yet another\nengineering organization.\nLet us be good citizens and make common cause with our fellow\nemployees  in  this   matter,  just   as   the  Government  intends  us  to  do,\nand let us not lay ourselves open to reproach that we made opportunity\nout of Wartime difficulties to jockey ourselves into a preferred position.\nYours very truly,\nA. VILSTRUP.\nMay 25, 1944.\nRegistrar,\nAssociation of Professional Engineers of B. C,\n930 Birks Building,\nVancouver, B. C.\nDear Sir:\nCOLLECTIVE BARGAINING\nThis  will   acknowledge  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the   19th  inst.,\nwith two circulars:\u2014\n(1) Memorandum  re Collective Bargaining.\n(2) Questionnaire on Collective Bargaining.\nI have just read the memorandum, and before looking at the questionnaire I would like to express my views on the whole situation. I\nfeel that I have had better than usual opportunity of dealing with\nlabour relations, and I would like my fellow members in the Engineering Profession to consider my views on the subject.\n(1) I am very definitely opposed to professional people being represented by trades unions. There is practically nothing in any trades\nunion set-up as it exists in Canada today which makes it imperative\nthat a man should have any particular qualifications in order to be\nin the Union. I think I am safe to say that ability to pay the fee\nis the chief criterion for membership.\n(2) The above being the case, we find our workers being organized into conflicting groups, each trying to steal an advantage over the\nother, and in many cases working under the terrorism of a Union dictatorship.\n(3 Under condition (2) the individual worker has very little\nincentive to better his performance. In fact, he sometimes becomes a\nmarked man if he produces more than a less expert fellow worker.\n(4) The professions\u2014Engineering, Law, etc.\u2014make demands that\na member shall have certain qualifications and live up to certain ethical\nstandards.\n(5) With recognition of statement (4), why should such qualified people be represented by others without qualifications?\n(6) In view of the foregoing I trust that all Professional Engineers will insist that they be represented for the purpose of collective\nbargaining by  their own profession.\n(7) P.C. 1003 provides in Clause 2 (f) (i) that an employee\ndoes not include \"a person employed in a confidential capacity or having authority to employ or discharge employees.\"\n(8) In view of (7) it should be quite possible for the Society of\nProfessional Engineers to become a collective bargaining agency even\nthough its membership is made up of employers, those in confidential\ncapacities, and employees not in a confidential capacity.\n(9) It seems to me that the Association of Professional Engineers\nin this Province could get powers to act as bargaining agents, and that\nno segregation of membership is necessary to carry on bargaining.\n(10) If you were to seek segregation you would be faced with\nthe difficulty that a member may be an employer one day and an\nemployee the next. He might be in a confidential capacity one day\nand in another category another time, and so on. The job he is holding for the time being will determine his right to participate in the\nbargaining on one side or the other.\nGenerally: With these ten points before me I think I can answer\nyour questionnaire.\nIn expressing the foregoing I want you to understand that I am\ndefinitely of opinion that the profession will not be improved by any\nlegislation that will deprive its members of initiative or accepting responsibility, and that has been very definitely the trend of Trades\nUnionism in this country. However, if it is imperative that a collective bargaining agency must be created then we should seek to establish it in a form that will cause least harm to the dignity and usefulness of the profession, and that is my thought in providing the answers\nherewith.\nYours faithfully,\nW. D. McLAREN,\nGeneral Manager, West Coast Shipbuilders Ltd.\nMay 26th, 1944.\nRegistrar,\nAssociation of Professional Engineers of B. C,\n930 Birks Building,\nVancouver, B. C.\nDear Sir:\nRe questionnaire on Federal Order-in-Council P.C. 1003. This\nOrder will automatically lapse at the end of the war, and it is folly to\nadd more confusion to its consequences by trying to make permanent\nadjustments with  a  temporary outburst of  dictatorial  authority.\nIt would take many years to bring nineteen Professional Organizations and eight Provincial Parliaments into harmony with the Order,\nand the action of the Ontario Government. Let us hope the war will\nend much sooner.\nProfessional Associations should keep absolutely clear of Trades\nUnions. The Engineers would be permanently swamped by votes of\nthe inferior classes of employees.\nThe Trades Unions are going to be told, after the war, by the\nreturned soldiers, that their behavior in organizing war-time strikes\nhas been a disgrace.    The general public will agree with that view.\nYours truly,\nE. C. THRUPP.\nRegistrar,\nAssociation of Professional Engineers of B.\n930 Birks Building,\nVancouver, B. C\nDear Sir:\nI am attaching,\ncollective  bargaining\nJune 14th, 1944.\ncompleted   questionnaire  on\nlike to  make one  comment\nas  per  your  request,\nI  would, however,\nwhich I feel may be of some use to you.\nWith regard to Question 3 concerning professional men working\non a fee basis. It is no doubt probable that at some time or another,\nthe great majority of engineers are acting in the capacity of an\nemployer with the power to hire and fire employees, either of the\ntrades class or of the engineering class, and Question 3 having been\nanswered \"no\" would, therefore, eliminate a great number of engineers.\nI would therefore like to suggest that a rider to this question be\nadded stating that all professional men working on a fee basis be\nexcluded  from  the bargaining group and be deprived of their  voting\nMArine 0751\nHODGSON, KING & MARBLE\n1401 MAIN STREET\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\nJULY, 1944\n17 COMPLETE MINING PLANTS\nINTERNATIONAL TRACTORS and POWER UNITS\nMANCHA STORAGE BATTERY LOCOMOTIVES\nEIMCO LOADERS\nHOLMAN MINING EQUIPMENT\nPETTER DIESEL ENGINES\nWHEAT ELECTRIC MINER'S LAMPS\nB. G. ZquipmetU Ca. \u00a3td.\nHead  Office\n551 Howe Street\nVancouver, B.C.\nWarebouiei\nGranville  Island\n)06 Industrial St.\nMODERN\nENGINEERING CO.\nW. F. KENT\n1695 West 5th Avenue\nVancouver, B. C.\nSUPPLYING    AIRCRAFT\nTOOLS AND PARTS TO\nBOEING AIRCRAFT OF CANADA\nC. P. FOSTER & COMPANY LTD.\nDEPENDABLE DRAWING MATERIALS\nSENSITIZED PAPERS AND CLOTHS\nENGINEERS* INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES\nSTEEL TAPES CROSS  SECTION  PAPERS\nCOMMERCIAL STATIONERS\nIMPERIAL  TRACING  CLOTH\nOZALID DIRECT PROCESS PAPERS\nPARAGON   REVOLUTE  BLUEPRINT   MACHINERY\nPAcific 5841\n631 Seymour Street Vancouver, B. C.\nprivileges only when employed in an employer capacity with the firm\nbeing bargained with. I am making this suggestion because I feel that\nthere are no doubt many engineers working on a fee basis whose advice\nwould be of considerable value to a bargaining group or agent, either\nin an advisory capacity or in an active capacity as a member of the\ngroup.\nI trust you will not  consider it impertinent  that I should make\nsuch a suggestion, but respectfully submit this for your consideration.\nRespectfully yours,\nW. BRAIDWOOD.\nJune 26th,  1944.\nRegistrar,\nAssociation of Professional Engineers of B. C,\n930 Birks Building,\nVancouver, B. C.\nDear Sir:\nPlease find questionnaire enclosed.\nThe difficulty of the problem is apparent the moment one attempts\nto answer the questions. Perhaps in one's own interests they should in\nsome cases be answered No!, but for the good of juniors in the profession, perhaps Yes. In other words, engineers are all the time working up to positions of responsibility, close to management where wage\npolicies are determined. If those in industry are to be divided into\ntwo classes, bargaining (inevitably fighting) with each other over wage\nschedules, then senior engineers will perforce have to line up with\nmanagement and junior engineers with employees. Those in between\nwith ambitions and getting near to responsible positions will be in difficulties, not knowing whether to line up with management or stay\n\"with the boys\" and will bring on themselves suspicion. In other\nwords, the great body of engineers in direct charge of work will be\nrendered inarticulate insofar as collective bargaining is concerned.\nMy own personal opinion is\u2014collective bargaining as proposed is\ngoing to fail unless we devise some scheme which does not set one\nclass against another, professions against trade, and all against management, with the result that the unorganized pay the bill. Power in\nthe hands of executives remote from the dispute and with large funds\nat their disposal to be used at their discretion, is almost certain to be\nabused.\nThe position of engineers in affairs has been traditionally that of\narbiters with very substantial influence in dictating policies, settling\ndisputes and bringing about agreements. There is the danger that collective bargaining will force us to take sides without regard to the\njustice of the case, a definite departure from our traditional place in\naffairs.\nIt is quite understandable that underpaid engineers take the view\nthat it is a struggle for survival in which the power of an organized\nagency should be brought to bear; but is that the long view, the wise\none?    In my opinion it is not.\nThe Engineering Profession as a whole should be close to management and labour but in a position apart, judicial in the best sense\nof that word.\nVery truly yours,\nREGISTERED ENGINEER.\nCarbon and Alloy\nSteel Castings\ns#es'\n,t\\an\nA \\ton\na^\ndSte\ne\\ V\u00b0\u00b0\u00b0\nc\\n\u00abs\n\\>te\nc\\\nHAstings 3040\n1395 FRANKLIN STREET\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\n21\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE Registrar,\nAssociation of Professional Engineers of B. C,\n930 Birks Building,\nVancouver, B. C.\nDear Sir:\nReturned herewith your questionnaire regarding collective bargaining for engineers in Canada. It is late, I received it only today.\nHowever, the points you mention are of as vital importance to those\nof us who will return to the profession after the war as to those who\ncome directly under the provisions of P.C. 1003, which I understand\nrefers to the war period only; for no doubt many of the wartime\nindustrial regulations will be carried over, in part, to peacetime.\nPlease, let us not come back to Trade Unions of Engineers,\nlet us come back to the National Association of Professional Engineers\nfor  our  own   material  benefit.\nYours sincerely,\nENGINEER-IN-TRAINING, OVERSEAS.\nNote: With reference to the above, under the British North America Act the control of the professions is in the hands of the Provincial\nLegislatures. A national association could only be formed by agreement\nbetween the Provincial Associations along the lines of the present\nDominion Council of Professional Engineers.\nRegistrar,\nAssociation of Professional Engineers of B. C,\n930 Birks Building,\nVancouver, B. C.\nDear Sir:\nIn connection with your letter of May 19th, together with questionnaire dealing  with  the matter of collective bargaining.\nThe first reaction, of course, is that professional men should\ndemand and insist on being left out entirely from the provisions of\nP.C. 1003. The only reason why collective bargaining has become an\naccomplished fact and is being encouraged by law is because of pressure\nexerted on various Government bodies by organized labor. Admittedly,\nit has points in its favor. It also serves greatly to increase the power,\nalready great, of the leaders of organized labor. Whether this is a\ngood thing or not is open to question, as in all too many cases these\nleaders are making the whole labor movement into a private racket\nfor themselves. The more power given them, the more they become\nentrenched in their positions.\nIf the technical men of Canada, in a body, insisted on being left\nout from these collective bargaining rulings and exerted their undoubted power in the manner that labor unions do, I imagine the\nGovernment would soon back down and arrange matters so that there\nwould be no possibility of a labor union ever demanding that they be\nthe bargaining agency  for the professional  class.\nIn connection with question \"5\" on the questionnaire; I believe\nthe bargaining group would exert more power and influence if organized on a national basis. On the other hand, members of a bargaining\ngroup, who might be civil engineers, would know very little of the\nproblems affecting certain other groups of professional men. For this\nreason, I think any bargaining should be done by a group representing\nthe different technical societies involved, but only if the society were\norganized on a national basis.\nThere is no doubt that professional men should be represented by\nmen from professional ranks and our various societies should leave no\ndoubt in the Government's mind  that engineers, as a whole, will have\nnothing to do towards permitting a trade union to represent them.\nYours truly,\nREGISTERED ENGINEER.\nWallace &Tiernan Limited\nHead Office and Factory\nTORONTO\nChlorine and Ammonia Control Apparatus\nfor\nWater Sterilization\nSewage Disinfection\nSwimming Pool Protection\nIndustrial Uses\nBritish Columbia Representative:\nSHANAHAN'S LIMITED\nVancouver\nRegistrar, June 13th, 1944.\nAssociation of Professional Engineers of B. C,\n930 Birks Building,\nVancouver, B. C.\nRegistrar,\nDear Sir:\n1 do not wish to bore you or take too much of your time, but I\nam not sure that the answers on the questionnaire adequately express\nmy opinion on collective bargaining. I have received questionnaires\nfrom both the B. C. Profession and the A.I.E.E. (Canadian Section).\nI agree with the author of the A.I.E.E. paper that, first of all,\nthe word \"engineer\" must be properly defined. It is an easy matter\nto write down ten or more definitions of \"engineer,\" each definition\nrepresentative of the opinion of different business groups and not one\nbeing in accord with any other. What is to become of the junior men\n(draughtsmen, rodmen, technicians, etc.) that are working to become\nengineers if they are not included in the group, but are forced to join\na trade union? Will they find it easy to switch over when they\nqualify as engineers? What will be the standing of a university graduate in physics, pure chemistry, pure mathematics, etc., if he chooses\nto enter an engineering office or plant?\nIt is obvious that the word engineer cannot be defined in one\nword or sentence. Could an engineer not qualify himself as such\nthrough  a  system of  credits?\nFor example:   (The following proportion of credits  may be  radically incorrect bue it serves as an illustration.)\nLet a man who has completed a bachelor's degree consisting\nof a prescribed amount of mathematics and physics or\nother scientific studies be given, towards education   15 credits\nLet any man who has acquired his mathematics, physics, etc.,\nthrough other sources (private study, correspondence\nschools,   advanced    technical   schools,   etc.)    be   given,\ntowards  education     up  to\nSince the person taking an applied science course at a university has more practical work than the pure physicist or\nmathematician, let the applied science student be given,\ntowards  practice\n10 credits\n4 credits\nLet each year of suitably varied experience in engineering offices or plants of the candidate's special field and each\nyear up to two years in other engineering fields be given,\ntowards   practice\n2 credits\nLet each year of experience in engineering fields other than\nthat   chosen   lor   specialization  over  the   two-year  limit\nbe given, towards practice      1 credit\nFor each membership of three years' duration and up to\nthree such memberships in technical societies (nine\nyears in one society, three years in each of three societies, etc.) with a reasonable attendance record at meetings, let each  candidate be given, towards education    1 credit\nFrom the time of application of such a scheme, to become a professional engineer, let a man be required to have senior matriculation\nand thirty credits, at least eight educational credits and at least ten\npractical credits.\nConsider the following examples:\nUNIVERSITY  MAN\nCredits     Years\nB.A.Sc.         15 4\n(practical)           4\nSpecialized\nexperience           8 4\nSocieties         3\nTotals     30 8\nNON-UNIVERSITY MAN\nCredits     Years\nStudies _. 8\nGeneral   experience 5\nSpecialized\nexperience     14\nSocieties  3\nTotals\n30\nnights\n3\n10\nA. C ft Yuill\nM.E.I.C, MEM. A.I.E.E.\nConsulting Engineer\n675 West Hastings Street\nVancouver, B. C.\nHYDRAULIC -  STEAM  -  DIESEL  -  ELECTRIC POWER\nSpecial Representative\nDominion Engineering Company Limited\nMontreal, Canada\nJULY, 1944\n29 Now some may not be capable of acquiring the necessary educational credits but may nevertheless be valuable men from a technical\nstandpoint and therefore from a collective bargaining standpoint since\nthey would be capable of performing a considerable portion of an\nengineer's work. Therefore any man with senior matricultion and four\ncredits towards education and the required practical credits could be\nincluded in the same collective bargaining group and classed by an\nexclusive name similar to, but designating a lower category than, \"professional engineer.\" (Let us call this category \"Group B\" for convenience.)\nThe professional group should be organized on a national or international basis with present provincial bodies carrying out the actual\nenrolment of members. To gain admission to this group, a candidate\ncould have senior matriculation, indicate his desire to become an engineer to the local provincial association and pay his entrance fees. He\ncould then be classed as an \"Engineer-in-Training.\" He should have\nhis course of studies approved by the local professional body and\nwrite such examinations as may be required of him from time to\ntime as he completes portions of his educational career. He would have\nan attendance card for each technical society attended and some senior\nmember of each society could be appointed to sign the card for each\nmeeting attended. The minimum attendance being, say, four meetings\nper year. There should be a time limit on the completion of the\neducational program and penalty exacted for completing the program\noutside of this time limit.\nHeadquarters for\nHARDWOODS\nFOR ALL PURPOSES\nStocks available at our Vancouver warehouses.\n\u2022\nLUMBER\nPANELS\nVENEER\nFLOORING\n\u2022\nJ. Fyfe Smith Co. Ltd.\nMArine 2564\n1320 Richards St. Vancouver, B. C.\nThe penalty might be the loss of some credits or a fine.\nIf such a group were possible, in place of your questionnaire, I\nwould prefer to express myself as follows:\n(a) (i) That the group should not be governed by collective\nbargaining laws.\n(a) (ii) Such a group could, if desired by a majority, participate in collective bargaining through a member representative of the\nprofession. In the case of the profession hiring their own lawyers,\nlegal men might be given educational credits for their university education and practical credits for their years of association with the profession with the allowance that they be designated as lawyers by some\naddendum to their engineering title.\n(b) The group should not be associated with any trade union.\n(c) The group should be divided into branches according to\nspecialization and into local according to the disposition of the central\noffices.\n(d) The  group  should  be  national  and  international,  if  possible.\n(e) The wage scales in any one country should be mutually\nagreed upon by other countries, whenever possible, with the laxity\nrequired to prevent oppression of the engineering resources of any\none country.\n(g) The wage scales within the country should be allowed to\nvary within a specified tolerance of the stated range, exclusive of\nexpenses, in order to allow for local fluctuation, depressions, etc.\nIf the tolerance is not satisfactory, a new scale should be investigated\nby a national committee and the necessary adjustments made. Consultants should be allowed a free scale to permit sufficiently high income to account for slack periods.\n(h) The words \"engineer\", \"(Group B)\", and \"Engineer-in-\nTraining\" should be legalized by a national Order in Council and the\ncourts should be authorized to fine persons misusing the names.\nElectrical appliance repairmen, automotive mechanics, tinsmiths, blacksmiths, prospectors, and other tradesmen should not be allowed to\nmisrepresent themselves to the public. Misrepresentation is generally\nregarded as a serious offence.    Why not in engineering?\n(i) In such a group, nearly all employer engineers would pass\nthrough membership in the group as employee engineers and would\ntherefore be linked to the group by a fraternal binding even if they\nwere barred from continued membership by  collective-bargaining  laws.\n(j) The professional associations would form the nucleus of the\ngroup. The technical societies could follow exactly the same grades\nas the professional group with an extra grade, say 'affiliate\" for those\nwho are non-professionals.\nI must excuse myself if I have been too long winded. I am not\npretending to present new ideas but merely an assimilation of old\nideas. Some could not be effected immediately, and to such an extent\nthey are impractical. I hope I have not wasted your time. The paper\nis  now yours to tear up physically or analytically.\nVery truly yours,\nA. H. ROME.\nDon't Get in the Rut\nof  Complacency\nContinue to  Buy\nBonds and Certificates\nSPECIALISTS\nIN\nCORRECT\nLUBRICATION\n1272 Richards Street\nPRODUCTION SUPPLY COMPANY\nReprt tenting\n*7\/te JloutfUUtt JdUte\nOILS AND LEATHERS FOR THE INDUSTRIES\nMArine 9826\nLESS OIL\nLESS OFTEN\nWITH\nSTAY PUT\nLUBRICANTS\nVancouver, B. C.\n30\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE ocia\news==\nMarriages\nLT. JOHN ALEXANDER McLAREN, R.C.A.M.C, was\nmarried in Vancouver on June 24th to Valerie Jean\nAdams of Wilmette, Illinois. Jack was president of\nthe graduating class in '39 and later went to McGill to\ntake his medical degree.\nMISS DAPHNE RYAN to MR. HAROLD M. GRAHAM\n\u2014Both grads of 1944, Miss Ryan in Arts and Mr.\nGraham got his Master of Applied Science\u2014took place\nJune 20, 1944.\nMISS FLORENCE TRIMBLE to MR. LYNN SULLY\u2014\nBoth attended the University of B.C. Date: July 15,\n1944.   Lynn was a former Thunderbird star.\nAn Ottawa wedding of great interest to U.B.C. Alumni\ntook place in late June. Wren Telegrapher MARY\nELEANOR BOYD, W.R.C.N.S., '43, became the bride\nof LT. RICHARD \"DICK\" MONTGOMERY, R.C.\nN., Arts '40. Capt. John Pearson, Students' Council\nPresident in 1940, was groomsman, and two more Varsity grads, James Macdonald and Dave Pettapiece, were\nushers.\nMISS SUSAN MONA ASSELSTINE TO MR. HAROLD\nT. FARGEY\u2014Mr. Fargey graduated in Chemical Engineering in 1942.    Date: July 15, 1944.\nPATRICIA GRAHAM BIBBS to LAS RICHARD OUT-\nRAM MASSY\u2014Miss Bibbs got her B.A. in 1941. Date:\nJuly 22nd, 1944.\nMARIE CONWAY TO F\/L HUGH LEGG, R.A.F.\u2014\nDate: June, 1944.\nJOAN MARENTETTE to MICHAEL CRICKMAY\u2014\nDate: June 20, 1944.\nMARY FINLAY to LT. N. W. JOHNS, U.S. Army-\nMr. Johns is a graduate of Texas A. and M., while Miss\nFinlay attended U.B.C. for three years. Date: latter-\nsummer.\nGRACE S. MACMILLAN to CAPT. ROBERT G. S.\nARTHURS, R.C.A.M.C\u2014Miss Macmillan's parents\nare now interned in Bangkok, Thailand. The wedding\nwill take place in the latter part of July.\nMISS KATHLEEN BINGAY to MR. ARNOLD D.\nDUNTON\u2014He is the General Manager of the Wartime Information Board and Editor of the Montreal\nStandard, while Miss Bingay has been a member of the\nlegal division of the Department of External Affairs in\nOttawa.   She graduated from U.B.C. in 193 8.\nELIZABETH E. CONKEY to LT. HANDLY F. FITCH\n\u2014Both attended U.B.C.\u2014Date: June 26.\nSHIRLEY PARNUM to CAPT. JOHN PEARSON,\nR.C.O.C.\u2014Both attended the U.B.C, the groom graduating in 1940. While at the University, Capt. Pearson was President of the Students' Council in his last\nyear.    The wedding took place on July 7.\nBETTY MOXON to SURGEON LT. WILLIAM M.\nTAIT, R.C.N.V.R.\u2014Miss Moxon attended U.B.C\u2014\nThe wedding will take place in the late summer.\nBARBARA ANN McGIBBON to DARRELL BRAIDWOOD\u2014The bride is a graduate of McMaster University and the groom attended the University of B.C.\nand received his B.A. in 1940 and M.A. 1941. He is\nthe present editor of the Graduate Cljronicle. The\nwedding took place on May 27, 1944, in Hamilton,\nOntario.\nNANCY DAVIDSON to LT. JOHN D. CHISHOLM,\nR.C.N.V.R.\u2014Date: July 15.\nAILEEN McKINNON to MR. ALFRED J. GREGORY\n\u2014Both   are  graduates   of   U.B.C,   Miss  McKinnon   in\n1940 and Mr. Gregory in 1941.   Date: July 8.\nBETTY CROSSLEY to F\/O DONALD T. BAIN, D.F.C,\nR.A.F.\u2014Both attended U.B.C.    Date: June, 1944.\nMISS MARY M. LYNN to MR. JOHN H. MANN\u2014\nMr. Mann is a graduate of U.B.C.    Date: July 15.\nNorthern Construction\nCompany\n&\nJ. W. Stewart Limited\nEngineers and General\nContractors\n736 GRANVILLE ST. VANCOUVER, B.C.\nMArine 4535\nKEYES CONSTRUCTION\nGENERAL CONTRACTORS AND ENGINEERS\nSPECIALIZING IN CEMENT GUN WORK OF ALL TYPES\nTUNNEL DRIVING AND ROCK EXCAVATION OF ALL KINDS\nOffices and Warehouses at 250-260 Industrial Avenue\nTelephone MArine 4621 VANCOUVER, B. C.\nJULY, 1944\n31 PROFESSIONAL\n\u25a0versus R O U T I N E\nEngineers have recently objected to, or at least been\ndisturbed by, the fact that the Armed Forces appear to\nregard the training of young doctors of medicine (and,\nincidentally, dentists) as being far more important than\nthe training of young engineers. Such \"discrimination\"\nappeared in the recent radical contraction of the Army\nSpecialized Training Program. Engineering courses were\nvirtually wiped out; medical courses were preserved almost\nintact.\nNevertheless, the action, to a considerable extent, is\nbased on valid grounds. A fundamental difference exists in\nthe character of the work of an engineer and that of a\ndoctor. An Army unit of 10,000 fighting men must have\na minimum number of physicians and surgeons. The\naverage is said to be about fifty; but whether it is more\nor less is immaterial. Whatever it is, it is relatively fixed.\nThe reason is that the doctor provides a personal service of\nspecialized character that requires knowledge and experience. He cannot delegate the work to others who are not\nexperts themselves. On the other hand, one engineer can\nplan and supervise engineering work of a dozen men, that,\nwith relatively little training, can become competent to\nfunction provided they have expert direction and leadership. The doctor is a performer; the engineer is a supervisor. Observe the difference between building an airport\nor demolishing a bridge, on the one hand, and diagnosing\nsickness and amputating limbs, on the other..\nA somewhat analogous line of thought is suggested by\nthe comments on so-called technical institutes in the current report of the Committee on Education After the War,\nof the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education.\nThe technical institute is a school that trains youths for\nengineering activities on an \"intermediate or subprofessional\nlevel.\" For example, studies have shown that eight persons\nare needed for routine work as surveyors, computers, draftsmen, chemists, testers, inspectors, and laboratory technicians for each one needed for work of a professional character as engineers or industrial superintendents.\nThe Report says:\nThe relative numbers of individuals trained for subordinate technical positions in this country, in comparison\nwith engineering graduates, are in reverse proportion to\nthe need. The inevitable result of this situation is to cause\nindustries to seek engineering graduates in large numbers\nto fill positions for which briefer, less fundamental, and\nmore practical types of training programs would provide\nmore suitable preparation. The result is also to cause many\nyoung men to enter engineering colleges who would profit\nbetter by pursuing educational programs designed to equip\nthem for more immediate usefulness in the numerous types\nof industrial pursuits illustrated by the examples given\nabove. If this be true, and there is little reason to doubt\nthat the educators know what they are talking about, the\nremedy would seem to be to raise the standards of admission to engineering schools so as to exclude those who because of inaptitude, or lack of capacity, are not likely ever\nto achieve the status of professional engineer. If this were\ndone, enrollment for engineering education on the professional level would decline, at least for a time; but, on the\nother hand, the man thus educated would command, deservedly, higher compensation from industry. As a consequence, complaint that employers do not pay young engineers fairly and adequately would become less vociferous\nand less prevalent.\nThe foregoing does not mean that young graduates will\nstep directly from engineering schools into highly responsible and remunerative positions, nor that practical experience will no longer be necessary. Nor does it mean that\nthe numerical demand for competent professional engineers\nwill be diminished. It does mean that the distinction will\nbe accentuated between men qualified to perform the routine work of engineering enterprise and those qualified to\nfunction in the engineering and technologic world as professional men in the best snese. The opportunity for young\nmen endowed with the right mental equipment and all-\naround capacity is greater in the engineering profession\nthan ever before. The statement is true with respect to all\nfields of engineering, and particularly to \"mineral engineering.\"\n\u2014From Mining and Metallurgy, June, 1944.\nBritish Ropes Canadian Factory Ltd*\nMANUFACTURERS OF\nALL DESCRIPTIONS OF WIRE ROPES\nIndex of Quality\nGRANVILLE ISLAND\nPlant Established in 1919.   Serves Leading B. C. Industries\nPhane MArine 4454\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\n32\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE UNIVERSITY\nomen s\nMembership in the University Women's Club of Vancouver is an investment that pays dividends in pleasure and\ninterest to all women graduates of the area. Not only\ndoes it provide opportunities to contact again the classmates with whom one has lost touch throughout the years,\nbut it brings together graduates of all ages and from many\ndifferent universities, and through its interest groups allows\nthose with similar tastes to gather at small, informal meetings, apart from the general membership.\nClimaxing a year of interesting sessions was the annual\nmeeting held at the Art Gallery in April. Topical films\non China and Russia were presented, and the guest of the\nevening was Mrs. Li Chao, wife of the rcently appointed\nChinese consul in Vancouver.\nAmong the many excellent reports presented by leaders\nof Interest Groups, the summary, read by Miss Jessie Cas-\nselman, of the findings of the Education Committee, was\noutstanding. The report dealt with the subject under three\nheadings: University Entrance, Secondary School Course,\nand Teachers' Certificates. The Chronicle has chosen excerpts from the sub-section dealing with scholarships as\nparticularly suitable for reprinting in this issue:\nThis committee has interpreted the term scholarships in its widest\nsense, to mean any type of financial aid given to superior students,\nsuch as loans, part-time employment, bursaries, co-operative housing\nschemes, as well as prizes for excellence.\nUnder an ideal system the state would be financially responsible\nfor the education of every child, whether its parents were rich or poor,\nscholarships of the fin financial aid type would then be superfluous; if\nscholarships were awarded at all, they would be prizes for excellence,\nwith  no conditions attached.\nAccording to the survey committee of the C.N.E.A., \"gifted children have been entirely neglected in Canada.\" The efforts of the state\nhave been concentrated on the average, or below average, children,\nwhile the potential leaders of the community have been allowed to\nstruggle up as best they might.\nWe would therefore recommend:\nThat the club endorse the recommendation of the C.N.E.A. Survey\nCommittee: that for gifted high school children whose parents arc\nunable to provide for them, a system of scholarships should be established, the amount varying with the individual need. We would also\nrecommend that the recipients of these scholarships should be placed\nin special classes and given a greatly enriched curriculum instead of\nbeing allowed to develop habits of second-rate work under a program\ndesigned for the average student.\nThat a considerable portion of such increased financial assistance\nas may be offered by the government to the universities should be\ndirected toward prospective freshmen.\nThat the system of matriculation scholarships should be greatly\nextended, through the financial assistance of the Provincial or the\nDominion government, or both, in the provinces where the present\nscheme is inadequate. The aim should be to ensure that all students\nwho are in financial need and who are suitable college material should\nbe able to attend the university.\nThat, in the accomplishment of this aim, due account should be\ntaken of the inequalities at present existing between students from the\nuniversity towns and those from other parts of the province. The\nremedy for this injustice is not, in our opinion, the establishment of\na number of junior colleges which would offer the first two years of\nuniversity. To finance these institutions, the university itself would\nbe starved, and still they could not give the student the advantages of\na large library and staff. The remedy is rather the adjustment of\nmatriculation scholarships so that out-of-town students may be on the\nsame footing as those in the University towns.\nThat these scholarships should be awarded not on the basis of\ngeographical districts, but solely on the basis of ability and financial\nneed.\nThat co-operative housing schemes should be encouraged by the\nuniversities, not only in order to reduce student expenses, but also for\nthe training in financial and social  matters which they afford.\nThat no attempt should be made to increase the loan funds at\npresent existing for undergraduate students, the loan being, in our\nopinion, the least profitable method of giving the undergraduate financial aid. We would suggest that persons wishing to give money to\nthe universities should be urged to use it for the encouragement of\nco-operative schemes, which reach a larger number of students more\neffffectively than any loan fund is likely to do.\nThat a system of organized part-time work as a means of financial\naid to students should be encouraged. The scheme should concentrate on upper class students rather than freshmen. The government\nhas already, in connection with the war effort, set up a Dominion-\nProvincial Youth Training scheme under which financial aid is given\nto students, chiefly those in technical and scientific fields. We would\nsuggest that this scheme might well be extended to include more of\nthe gifted students in the humanities; and that payment to the student\nshould be in the form of credits with the bursar, not as a lump sum at\nthe beginning of the college year.\nThat some consideration should be given in Canada, especially by\nthe older univenities in the larger cultural centres, to the Harvard\nplan of national scholarships for exceptionally gifted students. These\nscholarships are competitive, the sole basis of award being \"pre-eminence in ability and merit.\" We feel that such students as these,\ntrained by the university to use their rich native endowments to the\nfull and for the good of the community, would be of inestimable value\nin the future life of Canada.\nChairman of the scholarship sec; ion of the education\ncommittee was Dr. D. Blakey Smith, with whom were\nassociated Dr. D. Mawdsley, Miss Janet Greig and Miss\nM. Morrison.\nThe University Women's Club executive, chosen at the\nApril meeting, is as follows: President, Mrs. D. Orson Ban-\nfield; vice-presidents, Miss Alice Keenlyside and Mrs. Ralph\nPlant; secretary, Mrs. G. B. Atkinson; treasurer, Miss M.\nK. Thompson; press, Miss Louise Mary Gilmour.\nFAirmont 0327 - 0328\nAl Aluminum Foundry, Ltd.\nManufacturers of\n\u00b0jrfH|7K\u00b0 A 1 MAJOR SAWDUST BURNERS\n\u00bb\u2022 g *\u00ab AIRCRAFT AND INDUSTRIAL ALUMINUM CASTINGS\n5 WEST SECOND AVENUE VANCOUVER, B. C.\nJULY, 1944\n33 ALumni\n-*\nk_\nPebdOHOutied,\nBy JANET WALKER, B.A.\nEditor's Note: This is No. 4 in a series of \"personality\narticles\" on the Alumni Executive.\nRefuting the time-worn adage that ministers' sons always rebel against the \"good\" life, and wander from the\nstraight and narrow, Jordan Guy, executive member of\nthe Alumni Assocaition, says: \"I didn't go to the dogs\u2014\nand I guess the dogs weren't very interesting at that time\nanyway.\"\nHe was referring to the depression years in which he\nattended the University of B.C.\u2014he graduated with the\nclass of '31\u2014and his previous schools were in Regina, Swift\nCurrent, Vernon, and Victoria.\nBut in spite of his professed \"canine shortcomings,\"\nJordie has managed to build up a solid foundation for his\npresent career of conveyance and estate administration law.\nHe is an associate with the firm of Walsh, Bull, Housser,\nTupper, Ray and Carroll.\nAn outstanding debater while at college, he was on the\nMcGoun cup team that travelled to Edmonton, and discussed \"Home Rule in India.\"\nHe is completely absorbed in what is going on in the\nworld today, and as a member of the Junior Board of Trade\ngovernment affairs committee, he has been extremely active\nin fostering intelligent discussion on world conditions.\nHe studied law at night school, the same way as did his\npal, Pearly Brissenden. Before that, he was employed with\nseveral commercial firms including H .R. MacMillan, Hudson's Bay Co., and Pemberton's.\nHis high ideals regarding the social and economic problems current in the world extend to his interest in the\nAlumni Association, which he sees as a powerful organization to help in such vital matters as safeguarding the intellectual integrity of the faculty members of the university;\nmaking the university meet community needs, and promoting better relations between the university and the\ncommunity.\nJordan is extremely active in many spheres involving\npublic discussion of current problems. He takes much interest in summer discussion camps, many of which he has\nhelped organize.\n\"The most significant event in history is the Russian\nrevolution,\"   he   says.     Regarding   Canadian   politics,   he\nJORDAN GUY\nExecutive Member, U.B.C. Alumni Association\nthinks the winning of the C.C.F. election is indicative of\na fundamental swing in Canadian opinion.\n\"Canada is capable of it, and probably is well on the\nroad towards a more balanced economy, based on a strong\nreform policy among Western powers.\"\nRegarding the pertinent question upon which everyone\nholds forth these days, \"Is woman's place in the home?\"\nJordie cannily says: \"Woman's place is wherever she wants\nit.\nJordie was once a swing fan but now such desires have\nwaned, and he prefers music in a more classical vein. \"I\nwas  never a jitterbug,  though,\" he hastens to assure us.\nSalads are his favori e food and indeed Jordan has made\na very detailed study of foods.\nJordan was married in 1940 to a Winnipeg girl\u2014Jean\nCotter, and they have a son Jordan Junior.\nLike all lawyers Jordie is inclined to complicate things\nsomewhat. However, his work with his firm has proven\nthat complications or no he has established a successful\nrecord.\nBut don't think that Jordie's \"complications\" have him\nconfused.    He knows exactly what the score is.\nManufacturers of\nVALVES and FITTINGS\nBrass, Iron and Steel\nfor\nCorvettes, Frigates, Minesweepers,\nand\nCargo Vessels\nWEBB & GIFFORD LIMITED\n222 Front Street\nNew Westminster, B. C.\nPhone 1026\n14\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE OTHER NAMES IN THE NEWS\nDR. W. N. SAGE of the University of B.C., recently\nelected president of the Canadian Historical Association.\nDR. N. A. MacKENZIE, Presiden-elect of U.B.C, elected\nvice-president of the National Council of the Y.M.C.A.\nat the annual meeting in Toronto, held recently.\nLT.-COL. G. J. OKULITCH of Abbotsford, Vancouver\nand Moscow, U.S.S.R., has started back to Russia to\nresume his duties. He was an agricultural graduate\nfrom U.B.C. in 1933.\nDR. LEONARD MITCHELL, now engaged in chemical\nresearch under the sponsorship of the National Research Council. He received his M.A. at U.B.C. in\n1942, and his Ph.D. at McGill University in 1944.\nDR. ALBERT E. (DAL) GRAUER, secretary of the B.\nC. Electric Railway Co., was recently elected vice-\npresident of the B. C. Power Corporation. He is also\nchairman of the Vancouver branch of the Canadian\nInstitute of International Affairs. He took his B.A. in\n1925 and was named Rhodes Scholar for 1926. He\nstudied law at Oxford, later taking his Ph.D. at the\nUniversity of California.\nMR. FERGUS MUTRIE is now in Toronto, where he has\ntaken over the post of C.B.C. assistant supervisor of\nFarm Broadcasts. He received his B.S.A. 1926. In\n1943 he was elected to the University Senate as alumni\nrepresentative. He inaugurated C.B.C's daily Farm\nBroadcast for B.C. when he joined the staff of the corporation four years ago.\nMISS NANCY BRUCE won a scholarship to the School\nof the Theatre. She is well-known for her work in the\nUniversity Players' Club, in the Little Theatre, and\nin radio, in which field she is now meeting encouraging\nsuccess.\nMR. ROBERT DUFF WALKER, chemical engineer with\nthe Shell Chemical plant at Torrance, Calif., was killed\naccidentally during chemical experiments. He won the\nI.O.D.E. Bursary previous to entering the University of\nB.C. and graduated in chemical engineering in 1937,\nlater completing his education at the University of\nCaliformnia.  In 1939, he joined the Shell Oil Co.\nGIBB G. HENDERSON, B.A., B.A.Sc. '33, is now with\nthe Georgia Pharmacy in Vancouver.\nT. A. \"TOM\" LEACH, B.S.A., has been appointed chief\nof the C.B.C's Farm Broadcast Department for British\nColumbia. Tom was president of the Aggie Undergrads\nin 1931. Since then he has had a most colorful career,\nincluding a trip to Denmark to study the dairying\nindustry.\nDR. REID G. FORDYCE has perfected a new plastic\nnamed \"CEREX\" which is the first of its type. It\ncan even be boiled in sulphuric acid without any material change.   The substance has now been placed high\nPARAMOUNT\nREG.   TRADE   MARK\nCiPturTV* cltCl   ^C   fugged de-\nwe a*e *j\\ndustry- ^\nUMPS&10WER,li^\nI Y O R. ACJ\n40   EAST   CORDOVA   ST VANCOUVER.   B.C.\nCD\nMArine 5364\nMACDONALD   &   MACDONALD\nINSPECTING AND TESTING ENGINEERS\nANALYTICAL CHEMISTS    \u2022    ASSAYERS\n718 GRANVILLE STREET\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\nVancouver Construction Company Ltd.\nENGINEERS and GENERAL CONTRACTORS\nMArine 7027\n827-8-9 ROGERS BUILDING VANCOUVER, B. C.\nJULY, 1944\n35 P. D. MURPHY\nD. D. CHISHOLM\nT. CONNORS DIAMOND DRILLING\nCOMPANY LIMITED\n744 W. Hastings Street        -        Vancouver, B. C.\nDiamond Drill Contractors\nPAcific 5953\nCORE  BITS   OF  All.   SIZBS\nAHS\nDIAKOHD  POrWTBD  TOO&S\nB. C. Concrete Co. Ltd.\nManufacturers of\nHume Centrifugal Concrete Pipe\nfor\nSewers, Culverts and Water Supply Lines\nSize 6\" to 68\" \u2014 Plain or Reinforced\nOak Street and 77th Avenue        Vancouver, B.C.\nPhone LA 0230\nR.H-SHEPHERB\nNEW INSTRUMENTS AND REPAIRS\nSWITCHBOARD INSTRUMENTS\nTEMPERATURE CONTROL INSTRUMENTS\nMEGGERS WATT HOUR METERS, ETC.\nTONG TEST INSTRUMENTS\nMArine 9351\n1200 HOMER STREET VANCOUVER, B. C.\nFAirmont 1546\nMcLean & Powell Iron Works\nSTOVE and FURNACE\nCASTINGS\nGeneral Foundry Works\n398 West Second Ave. Vancouver, B. C.\nin the priority list of U.S. war production. After he\nleft U.B.C. Dr. Fordyce went to McGill, where he took\nhis Ph.D. in 1939.\nCAPT. D. F. \"DON\" COLQUHOUN \"organized and\nsupervised a system of Bren gun carriers to act as mobile stretchers\" when the Seaforths engaged in the Liri\nValley battle on May 23 rd.\nTHE DRUGGISTS' ASSOCIATION of British Columbia\nhas voted ten thousand dollars towards the proposed\nschool of pharmacy at the University. This gift follows the $25,000 given a few months ago by a prominent Vancouver business man.\nFAIRBRIDGE\n(Continued from Page 25)\nThe remaining ex-Fairbridge pupils are in various occupations, many girls at domestic work, and boys on farms, in the\nMerchant Navy and in war industries. One girl is at present\nattending King Edward High School, and arrangements will\nbe made later for her to continue her education at U.B.C.\n\"One of our greatest difficulties,\" said Col. Logan, \"is to\nconvince the youngsters that school is not only for the privileged class. However, the work is succeeding in spite of difficulties that are inevitable when dealing with human beings,\nbut which can be and have been overcome by care and tactful approach.\"\nAsked whether homesickness was one of these difficulties,\nthe school principal admitted that it was, but went on to\nexplain that in many cases the children have been rescued\nfrom such deplorable home conditions that they cannot fail\nto be impressed by their improved surroundings and opportunities. The war has given many of the graduates an unexpected chance to visit their home land, and their reaction has\nbeen interesting to those who have pondered over this aspect\nof the scheme.\n\"We want all our graduates to feel that Fairbridge is\ntheir home,\" said Col. Logan. \"They nearly all return for\nChristmas, and are welcome for visits at any time.\"\nOne boy who was admittedly homesick for England is\nover there now, and a recent letter to Col. Logan sheds light\non the eventual feeling of these new Canadians for their\nadopted country. \"I am 6,000 miles away from Canada,\"\nwrites this youth. \"And I am 6,000 miles more homesick\nthat I ever was before.\"\nAlaska Pine Company\nLimited\nNEW WESTMINSTER, B. C.\nSAWMILL\nPLANERMILL\nBOX FACTORY\nTelephone: 2464-7\nTelegrams: Alaskapine\n36\nTHE GRADUATE CHRONICLE FAIRMONT\niHrSotwU\nMtUl\nIttatwfarturtttg\nENGINEERS\nMACHINISTS\nGtompattg\nTool and Die Makers\nPlumbers' Supplies\nEverything in Metal\nPrivate Exchange\u2014MArine 4164-5-6\nGeneral\nConstruction Co., Ltd.\nJ. BOYD, President\nASPHALT AND CONCRETE PAVING\nROAD SPRAYING\nDITCHING AND DYKING\nPUBLIC WORKS CONTRACTORS\nGRANVILLE ISLAND VANCOUVER, B.C.\nGENERAL   EQUIPMENT   LIMITED\nREPRESENTING\nNASH ENGINEERING COMPANY\nARMSTRONG  STEAM TRAPS\nMUELLER PRES. RED. VALVES\nRED HEAD HEATERS\nCENTRIFIX PURIFIERS\nCOPPUS  FANS  AND  TURBINES\nTROT STEAM ENGINES\nWESTERN BLOWER COMPANY\nVENTURI  METERS\nFRUIT DEHYDRATERS\n317 W. Pender Street\nPacific 5932\nVancouver, B. C.\ndredging ...\nharbor works\nCONTRACTORS TO\nTHE GOVERNMENT\nBritish Columbia Bridge & Dredging Co., Limited\nW. G. McKENZIE\nPresident\nGENERAL CONTRACTORS\nMArine 6451\n540 HOWE STREET\nVANCOUVER, B. C. COLBY\nCRANES\nNOW MANUFACTURED AND SOLD\nIN CANADA BY\nHEAPS ENGINEERING\n(1940) LTD.\nWeight - Lifting Giants for Canadian Industry\nShown Above\nFull   revolving   Luffing\nBoom Crane\nIn service throughout Canada, this type of crane is used\nextensively in lumber yards and shipyards.\nSend for detailed description of performance, installation and cost.\nA Complete\nNational\nElectrical Service\nIn war or in peace, a \"National Electrical\nService\" means a trained personnel, imbued with the spirit of service\u2014supported\nby the facilities and the organization to\ndeliver electrical goods where \"and when\nrequired. Through its research department\u2014its engineering and manufacturing\ndivisions\u2014Northern Electric will again be\na leader in the peace-time production of\nelectrical supplies and household appliances\nof all kinds.\nMorfhertf Etecfrfc\nCompany Limited\nA National Electrical Service\n150 ROBSON STREET      VANCOUVER, B.C.\n% $. lagkir\n(JnitBtruriimt (Ho. ^\u00a3to.\nE. R. TAYLOR, President\nROAD AND STREET PAVING\n\u2022     \u25a0      \u2022\n71st AVENUE and HUDSON STREET\nPhone LAngara 0411\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\n^Campbell st Smith Ltd , Effective Printing","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","classmap":"oc:AnnotationContainer"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","explain":"Simple Knowledge Organisation System; Notes are used to provide information relating to SKOS concepts. 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It does NOT capture aboutness"}],"GeographicLocation":[{"label":"Geographic Location ","value":"Vancouver (B.C.)","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/spatial","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:spatial"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/spatial","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; Spatial characteristics of the resource."}],"Identifier":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"LH3.B7 A6","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:identifier"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.; Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system."},{"label":"Identifier","value":"LH3_B7_A6_1944_07","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:identifier"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.; Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system."}],"IsShownAt":[{"label":"DOI","value":"10.14288\/1.0224280","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"edm:isShownAt"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; An unambiguous URL reference to the digital object on the provider\u2019s website in its full information context."}],"Language":[{"label":"Language","value":"English","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:language"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; A language of the resource.; Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646]."}],"Notes":[{"label":"Notes","value":"Titled \"[The] Graduate Chronicle\" from April 1931 - October 1948; \"[The] UBC Alumni Chronicle\" from December 1948 - December 1982 and September 1989 - September 2000; \"[The] Alumni UBC Chronicle\" from March 1983 - March 1989; and \"Trek\" from March 2001 onwards.","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","classmap":"skos:Concept","property":"skos:note"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","explain":"Simple Knowledge Organisation System; Notes are used to provide information relating to SKOS concepts. There is no restriction on the nature of this information, e.g., it could be plain text, hypertext, or an image; it could be a definition, information about the scope of a concept, editorial information, or any other type of information."}],"Provider":[{"label":"Provider","value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider","classmap":"ore:Aggregation","property":"edm:provider"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; The name or identifier of the organization who delivers data directly to an aggregation service (e.g. Europeana)"}],"Publisher":[{"label":"Publisher","value":"Vancouver : Alumni Association of the University of British Columbia","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:publisher"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An entity responsible for making the resource available.; Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service."}],"Rights":[{"label":"Rights","value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy, or otherwise use these images must be obtained from the University of British Columbia Alumni Association.","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dcterms:rights"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; Information about rights held in and over the resource.; Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights."}],"SortDate":[{"label":"Sort Date","value":"1944-07-31 AD","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/date","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/date","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.; Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF]."},{"label":"Sort Date","value":"1944-07-31 AD","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date","classmap":"oc:InternalResource","property":"dcterms:date"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.; Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF].; A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.; Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF]."}],"Source":[{"label":"Source","value":"Original Format: University of British Columbia. Archives.","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","classmap":"oc:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:source"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; A related resource from which the described resource is derived.; The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system."}],"Subject":[{"label":"Subject","value":"University of British Columbia. Alumni Association","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/subject","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:subject"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/subject","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The topic of the resource.; Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary."}],"Title":[{"label":"Title ","value":"The Graduate Chronicle","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:title"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The name given to the resource."}],"Type":[{"label":"Type","value":"Text","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:type"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The nature or genre of the resource.; Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element."}],"Translation":[{"property":"Translation","language":"en","label":"Translation","value":""}]}