{"Affiliation":[{"label":"Affiliation","value":"Science, Faculty of","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/vivoweb.org\/ontology\/core#departmentOrSchool","classmap":"vivo:EducationalProcess","property":"vivo:departmentOrSchool"},"iri":"http:\/\/vivoweb.org\/ontology\/core#departmentOrSchool","explain":"VIVO-ISF Ontology V1.6 Property; The department or school name within institution; Not intended to be an institution name."},{"label":"Affiliation","value":"Zoology, Department of","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/vivoweb.org\/ontology\/core#departmentOrSchool","classmap":"vivo:EducationalProcess","property":"vivo:departmentOrSchool"},"iri":"http:\/\/vivoweb.org\/ontology\/core#departmentOrSchool","explain":"VIVO-ISF Ontology V1.6 Property; The department or school name within institution; Not intended to be an institution name."}],"AggregatedSourceRepository":[{"label":"AggregatedSourceRepository","value":"DSpace","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider","classmap":"ore:Aggregation","property":"edm:dataProvider"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; The name or identifier of the organization who contributes data indirectly to an aggregation service (e.g. Europeana)"}],"Campus":[{"label":"Campus","value":"UBCV","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#degreeCampus","classmap":"oc:ThesisDescription","property":"oc:degreeCampus"},"iri":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#degreeCampus","explain":"UBC Open Collections Metadata Components; Local Field; Identifies the name of the campus from which the graduate completed their degree."}],"Creator":[{"label":"Creator","value":"Prince, Angela","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/creator","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:creator"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/creator","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.; Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organization, or a service."}],"DateAvailable":[{"label":"DateAvailable","value":"2009-04-28T18:20:25Z","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dcterms:issued"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource."}],"DateIssued":[{"label":"DateIssued","value":"1997","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","classmap":"oc:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:issued"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource."}],"Degree":[{"label":"Degree","value":"Master of Science - MSc","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/vivoweb.org\/ontology\/core#relatedDegree","classmap":"vivo:ThesisDegree","property":"vivo:relatedDegree"},"iri":"http:\/\/vivoweb.org\/ontology\/core#relatedDegree","explain":"VIVO-ISF Ontology V1.6 Property; The thesis degree; Extended Property specified by UBC, as per https:\/\/wiki.duraspace.org\/display\/VIVO\/Ontology+Editor%27s+Guide"}],"DegreeGrantor":[{"label":"DegreeGrantor","value":"University of British Columbia","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#degreeGrantor","classmap":"oc:ThesisDescription","property":"oc:degreeGrantor"},"iri":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#degreeGrantor","explain":"UBC Open Collections Metadata Components; Local Field; Indicates the institution where thesis was granted."}],"Description":[{"label":"Description","value":"The prevailing view regarding the fitness, evolution and \r\nmaintenance of male coho mating strategies has been based on \r\npieces of data from different salmon species. Since there is no \r\nreason to suppose that all salmon species are the same, there is \r\na need for a quantitative description of male coho salmon \r\nbreeding behavior. The focus of this thesis is to provide a \r\ndetailed ethological study of male coho spawning behavior with \r\nthe objective of quantifying 1) patterns of movements, and 2) \r\ninteractions among males of different reproductive \r\ntactics(alpha, satellite, jack), and breeding groups. Because \r\nmodels that address the evolution and maintanence of \r\nreproductive strategies require estimates of tactic fitness for \r\ncomparison, a secondary objective was to use the quantitative \r\ndata collected to speculate about costs of reproduction for \r\nalternative reproductive tactics. \r\nIn total, 43 male coho were captured and radio tagged \r\nduring the 1992 and 1993 spawning escapements in Kanaka Creek. \r\nDominant hooknose males moved within a restricted stream segment \r\n(mean daily distance (m) moved 86.33 SE 12.55) accessing the \r\nfemales within the segment. Satellite hooknose males moved both \r\nfrequently and extensively (mean daily distance (m) moved 661.94 \r\nSE 200.13), often entering different waterways during their \r\nbreeding lifespan. Jack males were found to reside in a small \r\nsegment of stream throughout their breeding lifespan (mean daily \r\ndistance (m) moved 46.3 SE 40.3) and made use of a variety of \r\nrefuges, including the nest itself, from which to 'sneak' \r\nfertilizations. \r\nSixty-two breeding groups were identified, each having a \r\nanywhere from one to five male group members. Rates of \r\naggressive interactions (mean interactions per 10 minutes) were \r\nfound to differ significantly among males adopting different \r\nreproductive tactics (P < 0.001). Alpha males had the highest \r\nrate of aggressive interactions (15.2 SE 2.9 ) compared to \r\nalternative male behaviors (first satellite 4.7 SE 0.9, second \r\nsatellite 5.7 SE 1.3, and jack 2.4 SE 0.9). \r\nAggression levels were found to differ significantly among \r\nmating groups ( 0.01 > P > 0.025). Intermediate size groups had \r\nthe lowest aggression level, 11.57 SE 3.81 int\/10 min (2 males) \r\nand 13.49 SE 3.87 int\/10 min (3 males). The highest level of \r\ncompetitive interactions occurred when only one male and one \r\nfemale were present (29.05 SE 12.50 int\/10 min). Pairs of \r\ncombatants explained the increasing rate of aggression with \r\ngroup size for groups containing more than one reproductive \r\ntactic (2 to 5 males)(0.75
P > 0.025). Intermediate s i z e groups had the lowest aggression l e v e l , 11.57 SE 3.81 i n t \/ 1 0 min (2 males) and 13.49 SE 3.87 int\/ 1 0 min (3 males). The highest l e v e l of competitive i n t e r a c t i o n s occurred when only one male and one female were present (29.05 SE 12.50 int\/ 1 0 min). P a i r s of combatants explained the i n c r e a s i n g r a t e of aggression with group s i z e f o r groups c o n t a i n i n g more than one reproductive t a c t i c (2 to 5 males)(0.75
100 m apart) i n a s i n g l e night (Figure 1.2 and 1.3) . A l l intermediate males d i s p l a y e d l o c a l i z e d h o r i z o n t a l movements not w e l l q u a n t i f i e d by the methods used i n t h i s study (Hawkins and Smith 1986). Jack males showed the l e a s t amount of movement. During a 24 hr p e r i o d , the greatest distance moved by l a r g e and intermediate hooknose males was 1800 m and 1700 m r e s p e c t i v e l y . Jack males moved a maximum of 500 m. Jacks were never observed a c t i v e l y moving but they, nevertheless, e x h i b i t e d a gradual, u n i d i r e c t i o n a l m i g r a t i o n p a t t e r n (Figure 1.3) . They were t y p i c a l l y found near the stream bank, i n pools or under d e b r i s . On the n i g h t of 21 November, 1992 one jack male and one l a r g e hooknose male moved i n t o Thornvale and Donovan Creeks r e s p e c t i v e l y (Figures 1.3 and 1.4). This m i g r a t i o n corresponded w i t h increased flows ( i . e . p r e c i p i t a t i o n , Figure 20 Large Hooknose -1500 J. \u20222000 2000 1500 1000 500 0 -500 \u20221000 \u20221500 \u20222000 Movement into Thornvale creek 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Days after release F i g u r e 1.3 Movement o f male coho l i f e h i s t o r y s t r a t e g i e s p r i o r t o a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h a b r e e d i n g group, 1992. At ti m e o f c a p t u r e , males d i d not have f u l l y d e v e l o p e d s e c o n d a r y s e x u a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . 21 Large Hooknose 2000 o M