"if Ws)t Mmbergttp OF prtt&f) Columbia CALENDAR THIRTEENTH SESSION 1927- 1928 VANCOUVER. BRITISH COLUMBIA 1927 Wbt WLuibtxtity OF JlrttteJ) Columbia CALENDAR Thirteenth Session 1927-1928 VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA 1927 CONTENTS Page Academic Year 5 Visitor 7 Chancellor 7 President 7 The Board of Governors 7 The Senate 7 Officers and Staff 8 Historical Sketch 15 The Constitution of the University 17 The Work of the University 18 Retiring Allowances 19 Endowments and Donations 20 Suggested Local Scholarships 21 The Library 22 New Buildings 24 General Information 36 Admission to the University 38 Registration and Attendance 40 Fees 42 Medals, Scholarships and Prizes 44 Faculty op Arts and Science Time Table of Lectures 60 Time Table of Supplemental Examinations 64 Regulations in Reference to Courses First and Second Years 66 Third and Fourth Years—Pass 68 Third and Fourth Years—Honours 69 For the M.A. Degree 75 Examinations and Advancement 81 Courses of Instruction— Department of Bacteriology 83 " Botany 84 " Chemistry 89 " Classics 93 " Economics, Sociology and Political Science .. 97 " Education 101 " English 105 " " Geology and Geography 112 " History 117 " " Mathematics 123 " " Modern Languages 128 " Philosophy 132 " Physics 135 " Zoology 137 Faculty op Applied Science Foreword 141 Regulations in Reference to Courses 143 General Outline of Courses 145 Courses in— Chemical Engineering 147 Chemistry 148 Civil Engineering 149 Electrical Engineering 152 Forest Engineering 153 The University op British Columbia . Geological Engineering 155 Mechanical Engineering 157 Metallurgical Engineering 158, 160 Mining Engineering 158, 161 Nursing and Health 162 Double Course in Arts and Applied Science 170 Courses Leading to the Degree of M.A.Sc 170 Examinations and Advancement 172 Courses of Instruction— Department of Botany 174 " Chemistry 177 " Civil Engineering 180 " " Economics 191 " Forestry 191 " " Geology and Geography 196 " Mathematics 201 " " Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 202 " " Mining and Metallurgy 214 " Physics 218 " Nursing and Health 220 " Zoology 224 Faculty op Agriculture Time Table of Lectures 226 Regulations in Reference to Courses— For the B.S.A. Degree 229 The Occupational Course 229 Short Courses 230 Extension Courses 230 Graduate Work 231, 236 Courses in— Agronomy Major 233 Animal Husbandry Major 234 Dairyinig Major 234 Horticulture Major 235 Poultry Husbandry Major 235 Zoology (Entomology) Major 236 Examinations and Advancement 237 Courses of Instruction— Department of Agronomy 239 " Animal Husbandry 242 " Dairying 245 " Horticulture 248 " Poultry Husbandry 250 " " Agricultural Economics 253 List of Students in Attendance, Session 1926-27 255 Degrees Conferred, May, 1926 288 Medals, Scholarships and Prizes Awarded, May, 1926 293 Summer Session 297 Student Organization 298 Affiliated Colleges— Victoria College 302 Westminster Hall 303 Anglican Theological College 303 Ryerson College 304 Academic Year ACADEMIC YEAR 1927-1928 1927 1 I Matriculation Supplemental Examinations Monday, [ begin August 29th. J „■ , t Supplemental Examinations in Arts begin. September 14th. J rF * Tuesday, 1 Supplemental Examinations in Applied September 20th. J Science begin. Friday 1 September 23rd. } LaSt day f °r Registr*tion- Tuesday, 1 September 27th. } lectures begm. Monday, 1 . „. _ October 10th I Last day for Payment of First Term fees- Saturday, I Lagt for ch in Student8» Courses. October 15th. I Wednesday, 1 ^^ f ^ genate October 19th. J Friday, I Lagt dfty of Lectures for Term# December 9th. ; Monday, I. Exainiliations begin. December 12th. J Wednesday, \ Meeting of the Senate. December 21st. | Thursday, \ December 22nd, J" Examinations end. The University op British Columbia 1928 Monday, January 9th. Monday, January 23rd. Wednesday, February 15th. Thursday, April 12th. Monday, April 16th. Second Term begins. I Last day for payment of Second Term fees, t Meeting of the Senate. Last day of Lectures. Thursday, April 26th. Wednesday, May 9th. Thursday, May 10th. Thursday, May 10th. Friday, June 22nd. Sessional Examinations begin. Field Work in Applied Science begins immediately at the close of the Examinations \ Last day for payment of Graduation fees. } Meeting of the Senate. Congregation. Meeting of Convocation. Junior Matriculation Examinations begin. (Date of Senior Matriculation Examinations to be arranged.) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA VISITOR The Hon. R. Randolph Bruce, Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. CHANCELLOR R. E. McKechnie, Esq., M.D., CM., LL.D., F.A.CS. PRESIDENT L. S. Klinck, Esq., M.S.A., D.Sc, LL.D. BOARD OF GOVERNORS R. E. McKechnie, Esq., M.D., CM., LL.D., F.A.CS. (ex officio). L. S. Klinck, Esq., M.S.A., D.Sc, LL.D. (ex officio), Robebt P. McLennan, Esq., Vancouver. Term expires 1927. B. C. Nicholas, Esq., Victoria. Term expires 1927. Joseph N. Ellis, Esq., B.C.L., K.C, Vancouver. Term expires 1937. Evltn F. K. Farbis, M.A., LL.D., Vancouver. Term expires 1939. Denis. Muhphy, Hon. Mb. Justice, Vancouver. Term expires 1939.. Henbt C Shaw, Esq., B.A., Vancouver. Term expires 1929. Robie L. Reid, Esq., Vancouver. Term expires 1931. Campbell Sweeny, Esq., Vancouver. Term expires 1931. Chbistopheb Spencer, Esq., Vancouver. Term expires 1931. SENATE (a) The Minister of Education, The Honourable John Duncan MacLean, M.D., CM., LL.D. The Chancellor. The President (Chairman). (6) Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, F. M. Clement, Esq., B.S.A., M.A. Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science, Reginald W. Bbock, Esq., M.A, LL.D., F.G.S, F.R.S.C. Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Science, H. T. J. Coleman, Esq., B.A, PhJD. Representatives of the Faculty of Agriculture; H. M. Kino, Esq., B.S.A., M.S.; A. F. Barss, Esq., A.B., B.S. in Agr., M.S. Representatives of the Faculty of Applied Science: H. R. Christie, Esq., B.SC.F.; R. H. Clark, Esq., M.A., Ph.D. Representatives of the Faculty of Arts and Science: Daniel Buchanan, Esq., M.A, Ph.D., F.R.S.C; M. Y. Williams, Esq., B.Sc, Ph.D, F.G.S.A. The University op British Columbia (c) Appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council:— E. J. Rothwell, Esq., M.B, New Westminster. His Honour Peter S. Lampman, Victoria. James Henderson, Esq, M.A, Vancouver. (d) The Superintendent of Education, S. J. Willis, Esq, B.A, LL.D. The Principal of Vancouver Normal School, D. M. Robinson, Esq, B.A. The Principal of Victoria Normal School, D. L. MacLaubin, Esq, B.A (e) Representative of High School Principals and Assistants, G. A. Ferousson, Esq, B.A. (/) Representatives of Affiliated Colleges:— Victoria College, Victoria, E. B. Paul, Esq, M.A, LL.D. Westminster Hall, Vancouver (Theological), Rev. W. H. Smith, M.A, Ph.D, D.D. The Anglican Theological College of British Columbia, Vancouver, Rev. W. H. Vance, M.A, D.D. Rverson College, Vancouver (Theological), Rev. J. G. Brown, M.A, D.D. (g) Elected by Convocation:— G. G. Sedgewick, Esq, B.A, Ph.D, Vancouver. C Killam, Esq, M.A, D.C.L, Vancouver. Rev. A. H. Sovebeign, M.A, B.D, F.R.G.S, Vancouver. His Honoub J. D. Swanson, B.A, Kamloops. The Most Rev. A. U. de Pencieb, M.A, D.D, Vancouver. W B. Burnett, Esq, B.A, M.D, CM, F;A.CS, Vancouver. G. W. Scott, Esq, B.A, Vancouver. A. E. Lord, Esq, B.A, Vancouver. Sherwood Lett, Esq., B.A, Vancouver. J. M. Turnbull, Esq., B.A.Sc, Vancouver. J. S. Gordon, Esq, B.A, Vancouver. G. E. Robinson, Esq, B.A, Vancouver. A. E. Richards, Esq, B.S.A, New Westminster. W. P. Argue, Esq, B.A, Vancouver. Miss A. B. Jamieson, B.A, Vancouver. OFFICERS AND STAFF L. S. Klinck, B.S.A. (Toronto), M.S.A, D.Sc. (Iowa State College), LL.D. (Western Ontario), President. H. T. J. Coleman, B.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Columbia), Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Science. Reginald W. Brock, M.A, LL.D. (Queen's), F.G.S, F.R.S.C, Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science. F. M. Clement, B.S.A. (Toronto), M.A (Wisconsin), Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture. Miss M. L. Bollert, M.A. (Toronto), A.M. (Columbia), Dean of Women. Stanley W. Mathews, M.A. (Queen's), Registrar. F. Dallas, Bursar. John Ridington, Librarian. Officers and Staff Department of Agronomy P. A. Boving, Cand. Ph. (Malmb, Sweden), Cand. Agr. (Alnarp. Agriculture, Sweden), Professor and Head of the Department. G. G. Moe, B.S.A, M.Sc. (McGill), Associate Professor (on leave of absence 1927-28). D. G. Laird, B.S.A. (Toronto), M.S. (Wisconsin), Assistant Professor. Geo. B. Boving, B.S.A. (McGill), Assistant. Department of Animal Husbandry H. M. King, B.S.A. (Toronto), M.S. (Oregon Agricultural College), Professor and Head of the Department. R. L. Davis, B.S. (Montana), M.S. (Iowa State College), Assistant Professor. H. R. Hare, B.S.A. (Toronto), M.A. (Wisconsin), Assistant Professor. J. G. Jervis, V.S. (Ont. Vet Col.), B.V.Sc (Toronto), Lecturer in Veterinary Science. Department of Bacteriology Hibbebt Winslow Hill, M.B, M.D, D.P.H. (Toronto), L.M.C.C. Professor and Head of the Department. Miss Freda L. Wilson, M.A. (Brit Col.), Instructor. Miss Helen M. Mathews, M.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant Department of Botany Andrew H. Hutchinson, M.A. (McMaster), Ph.D. (Chicago), Professor and Head of the Department John Davidson, F.L.S., F.B.S.E, Assistant Professor. Frank Dickson,- B.A. (Queen's), Assistant Professor. Mtss Mildred H. Campbell, B.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant Miss Jean Davidson, B.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant Braham G. Griffith, B.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant C W. Aroue, B.S.A. (Brit Col.), Assistant Department of Chemistry E. H. Archibald, B.Sc (Dal.), A.M, Ph.D. (Harvard), F.R.S.E.&C, Professor and Head of the Department Robert H. Clark, M.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Leipsig), Professor of Organic Chemistry. W. F. Seyer, B.A, M.Sc. (Alberta), Ph.D. (McGill), Associate Professor. M. J. Marshall, M.Sc. (McGill), Ph.D. (Mass. Inst, of Technology), Assistant Professor. J. Allen Harris, M.A. (Brit Col.), Ph.D. (Illinois), Assistant Professor (on leave of absence 1927-28). John Allardyce, M.A. (Brit CoL), Instructor. M. Neal Carter, M.A.Sc. (Brit. Col.), Lecturer. R. W. Ball, B.A- (Brit Col.), Assistant. D. F. Stedman, B.A.Sc. (Brit Col.), Ph.D. (London), Assistant A. F. Gallaugher, B.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant R. H. Ball, B.A. (Brit Col.), Assistant 10 The University of British Columbia Department of Civil Engineering William E. Duckering A.B, B.S. in C.E, C.E. (Washington), Professor and Head of the Department. E. G. Matheson, B.A.Sc. (McGill), M.E.I.C, M.Am.S.CE, Associate Professor. F. A. Wilkin, B.A.Sc. (McGill), Assistant Professor. J. R. Grant, B.Sc. (Queen's), M.E.I.C, M.A.S.CE, Special Lecturer. A. Lighthall, B.Sc. (McGill), Instructor. A. G. Stuart, B.Sc. (McGill), Instructor. Carl F. Barton, B.A.Sc. (Brit. Col.), Assistant. Department of Classics Lemuel Robertson, M.A. (McGill), Professor and Head of the Department. O. J. Todd, Ph.D. (Harvard), Professor of Greek. H. T. Logan, B.A. (McGill and Oxon), M.A. (Oxon), Associate Professor. Homer A. Thompson, B.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant. Department of Dairying Wilfrid Sadler, B.S.A, M.Sc. (McGill), N.D.D, British Dairy Institute, University College, Reading, England, Professor and Head of the Department. N. S. Golding, N.D.A, N.D.D, B.S.A. (Toronto), M.Sc. (Iowa), Associate Professor. J. D. Middlemas, B.Sc. (Agr.), (Edinburgh), Assistant. Department of Economics, Sociology and Political Science Theodore H. Boggs, B.A. (Acadia and Yale), M.A, Ph.D. (Yale), Professor and Head of the Department. Henry F. Angus, B.A. (McGill), B.C.L, M.A. (Oxon), Associate Professor. S. E. Beckett, M.A. (Queen's), Assistant Professor. Norman A. Robertson, B.A. (Brit. Col.), B.A. (Oxon.), Lecturer. George Allen, B.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant. Miss Doris Lee, M.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant. Department of Education George M. Weir, B.A. (McGill), M.A. (Sask.), D.Paed. (Queen's), Professor and Head of the Department. Mrs. Jennie Benson Wyman, B.A, M.Sc. (New Zealand), A.M., Ph.D. (Stanford), Assistant Professor of Psychology and Education. H. T. J. Coleman, B.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Columbia), Special Lecturer. Department of English G. G. Sedgewick, B.A. (Dal.), Ph.D. (Harvard), Professor and Head of the Department. W. L. MacDonald, B.A. (Toronto), M.A. (Wisconsin), Ph.D. (Harvard), Associate Professor. Officers and Staff 11 Frederick G. C Wood, B.A- (McGill), A.M. (Harvard), Associate Professor. Thorleif Larsen, M.A. (Toronto), B.A. (Oxon), Associate Professor. Francis Cox Walker, B.A. (U.N.B.), A.M, PhD. (Harvard), Assistant Professor. Mm M. L. Bollert, M.A. (Toronto), A.M. (Columbia), Assistant Professor. Frank H. Wilcox, A.B, Ph.D. (Calif.), Assistant Professor. Mas Sallee Murphy, B.A. (Brit. CoL), M.A. (Toronto), Assistant. Miss Dorothy Wboughton, B.A. (Oxon.), Assistant Department of Forestry H. R. Christie, B.Sc.F. (Toronto), Professor and Head of the Department F. Malcolm Knapp, B.S.F. (Syracuse), M.S.F. (Wash.), Assistant Professor. Department of Geology and Geography R. W. Brock, M.A, LL.D. (Queen's), F.G.S, F.R.S.C, Professor and Head of the Department. S. J. Schofield, M.A, B.Sc (Queen's), Ph.D. (Mass. Institute of Technology), F.G.S.A, F.R.S.C, Professor of Physical and Structural Geology. M. Y. Williams, B.Sc. (Queen's), Ph.D. (Yale), F.G.S.A, Professor of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy. T. C Phemister, B.Sc. (Glasgow), Sc.M. (Chicago), PhD. (Glasgow), Associate Professor of Mineralogy and Petrography. E. M. Burwash, B.A. (Toronto), M.A, B.D. (Victoria), PhJD. (Toronto and Chicago), Lecturer. W. A. Jones, B.A.Sc. (Brit. Col.), Assistant. ^ Department of History Mack Eastman, B.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Columbia), Professor and Head of the Department. (On leave of absence). W. N. Sage, B.A. (Toronto and Oxon), M.A. (Oxon), Ph.D. (Toronto), Associate Professor and Acting Head of the Department. F. H. Soward, B.A. (Toronto), B.Litt. (Oxon), Assistant Professor. Hugh L. Keenleyside, B.A,. (Brit. Col.), Ph.D. (Clark), Lecturer. Stanley Moodie, M.A. (Brit. CoL), Assistant. Department of Horticulture F. M. Clement, B.S.A. (Toronto), M.A. (Wisconsin), Professor and Head of the Department. A. F. Barss, A.B. (Rochester), B.S. in Agr. (Cornell), M.S. (Oregon Agricultural College), Professor. F. E. Buck, B.S.A. (McGill), Assistant Professor. John C Wilcox, B.S.A. (Brit CoL), Assistant 12 The University of British Columbia Department of Mathematics Daniel Buchanan, M.A. (McMaster), PhD. (Chicago), F.R.S.C, Professor and Head of the Department. F. S. Nowlan, B.A. (Acadia), A.M. (Harvard), Ph.D. (Chicago). George E. Robinson, B.A. (Dal.), Associate Professor. E. E. Jordan, M.A. (Dal.), Associate Professor. L. Richardson, B.Sc. (London), Assistant Professor. B. S. Hartley, M.A. (Cambridge), R.N. (retired), Assistant Professor. Walter H. Gage, M.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant. Miss May L. Barclay, M.A. (Brit. CoL), Assistant. Miss Islay Johnston, B.A. (Brit. Col.), Assistant A. P. Mellish, B.A. (Brit. CoL), Assistant Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Herbert Vickers, M.E. (Liverpool), M.Sc, Ph.D. (Birmingham), Professor and Head of the Department. F. W. Vernon, B.Sc. (London), Associate Professor of Mechanical En gineering. I f H. F. G. Letson, M.C, B.Sc. (Brit. CoL), Ph.D. Engineering (London), AJU.I. MechE, Assistant Professor of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. Leonard B. Stacet, B.A.Sc. (Brit Col.)t Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering. G. Sinclair Smith, M.A.Sc. (McGill), Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering. John F. Bell, Eng. Capt. O.B.E, R.N, M.E.I.C, Instructor in Mechanical Engineering. Department of Mining and Metallurgy J. M. Turnbull, B.A.Sc. (McGill), Professor and Head of the Department H. N. Thomson, B.Sc. (McGill), Professor of Metallurgy. George A. Gillies, M.Sc (McGill), Associate Professor of Mining. W. B. Bishop, Assistant in Metallurgy. Department of Modern Languages H. Ashton, M.A. (Cantab), D. Lett. (Univ. Paris), D. Litt. (Birmingham), F.R.S.C, Officier de l'Instruction Publique (France), Professor and Head of the Department (on leave of absence 1927-28). A. F. B. Clark, B.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Harvard), Associate Professor of French. Miss Isabel MacInnes, M.A. (Queen's), Ph.D. (Calif), Assistant Professor of Modern Languages. Henri Chodat, M.A. (McGill and Harvard), Assistant Professor of French. Officers and Staff 13 Miss Janet T. Greig, B.A. (Queen's), M.A. (Brit CoL), Instructor in French. E. E. Delavault, B. es L, L. en D. (Paris), Assistant in Oral French. Madame G. Barry, Assistant in Oral French. Miss Madge Portsmouth, B.A. (Brit. CoL), Assistant in French. Miss S. J. Battle, M.A. (Brit. CoL), Assistant in German. Mdjs Wessie Tipping, B.A. (Brit Col.), Assistant in French. Department of Nursing and Health Hibbert Winslow Hill, M.B, M.D, D.P.H. (Toronto), L.M.C.C, Professor and Head of the Department. Mabel F. Gray, R.N, Cert.P.H.N. (Simmons College), Assistant Professor of Nursing. Department of Philosophy H. T. J. Coleman, B.A. (Toronto), PhD. (Columbia), Professor and Head of the Department. James Henderson, M.A. (Glasgow), Associate Professor. Mrs. Jennie Benson Wyman, B.A, M.Sc. (New Zealand), A.M, Ph.D. (Stanford), Assistant Professor of Psychology and Education. Department of Physics T. C. Hebb, M.A, B.Sc (Dal.), Ph.D. (Chicago), Professor and Head of the Department. A. E. Hennings, M.A. (Lake Forest College, ILL), PhJX (Chicago), Associate Professor. J. G. Davidson, B.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (CaL), Associate Professor. Gordon Merritt Shrcm, M.A., Ph.D. (Toronto), Assistant Professor. D. F. Stedman, B.A.Sc. (Brit. CoL), Ph.D. (London), Assistant Department of Poultry Husbandry E. A. Lloyd, B.S.A. (Sask.), Professor and Head of the Department. V. S. Asmundson, B.S.A. (Sask.}, M.S.A. (Cornell), Assistant Professor. W. J. Riley, B.S.A. (Brit CoL), Assistant. Department of Zoology C McLean Fbasee, M.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Iowa), F.R.S.C, Professor and Head of the Department. G. J. Spencer, B.S.A. (Toronto), M.S. (Illinois), Assistant Professor (on leave of absence 1927-28). Miss Gertrude M. Smith, B.A. (Brit Col.), Instructor. Miss Mildred H. Campbell, B.A. (Brit. CoL), Assistant. Harold White, M.D, CM. (McGill), Medical Examiner to Students. THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA HISTORICAL SKETCH The creation of a University in British Columbia was first advocated by Superintendent Jessop in 1877, but it was not until 1890 that the Provincial Legislature passed an Act establishing a body politic and corporate named '' The University of British Columbia." In 1891 this Aet was amended to require that a meeting of the Senate be held within one month after the election of the Senators by Convocation. The Senators were elected, but a quorum did not assemble on the date fixed by the Chancellor, Dr. I. W. Powell, of Victoria. Thus the first attempt to establish a University in British Columbia failed. However, some of the work normally done in a University was begun in 1894, when an Act was passed which permitted the affiliation of high schools in the Province with recognized Canadian Universities. In 1899 Vancouver High School was affiliated with McGill University in order to provide First Year work in Arts, and took the name of Vancouver College. First Year work in Arts was offered by Victoria High School when it became Victoria College by affiliation with McGill University in 1902. In the same year Vancouver College undertook the Second Year in Arts. In 1906 an Aet was passed incorporating the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning of British Columbia, which, in the same year, established at Vancouver the McGill University College of British Columbia. The scope of the work undertaken by this college was gradually increased until at the time it was taken over by the University of British Columbia it was giving three years in Arts and Science, and two years in Applied Science. When the University of British Columbia opened in the autumn of 1915, both the McGill University College of Vancouver and Victoria College, which since 1907 had been a part of it, ceased to exist. 16 The University of British Columbia Definite steps to establish the University were taken by Dr. H. E. Young, Minister of Education, in 1907, when he introduced a "University Endowment Act." This Act was followed in 1908 by an Aet establishing and incorporating the University of British Columbia and repealing the old Act of 1890-1. This Act, with its subsequent amendments, determines the present constitution of the University. As authorized by an Act passed by the Provincial Legislature in 1910, the Lieutenant-Governor in Council appointed a Site Commission to decide upon a site for the proposed University. The Commission held its first meeting on May 25th, 1910, in Victoria, and after a thorough examination of the Province recommended the vicinity of Vancouver. In the autumn the Executive Council decided to place the University at Point Grey—the site which the Commission had named as its first choice. In 1911 the Legislature passed an Act authorizing the Lieutenant-Governor in Council to grant this site to the University. The grant was increased in 1915, so that it now consists of 548 acres at the extremity of Point Grey. The waters of the Gulf of Georgia form more than half the boundary of the University Campus. A tract of some 3,000 acres of Government land immediately adjoining the site, and lying between it and the City of Vancouver, has been set aside by the Government in order that University revenue may be provided by its sale or lease. In February, 1912, the Hon. H. E. Young, Minister of Education, called for competitive plans which should include plans in detail for four buildings to be erected immediately, and a block plan showing all the proposed buildings on the Campus. Messrs. Sharp and Thompson, of Vancouver, B. C, were the successful competitors, and were appointed University architects. The first Convocation, held on August 1st, 1912, chose Mr. F. L. Carter-Cotton as first chancellor of the University. In March, 1913, the Lieutenant-Governor in Council appointed as President of the University F. F. Wesbrook, M.A, M.D, C.M, LL.D. On April 4th, 1918, Dr. R. E. McKechnie was elected Historical Sketch 17 Chancellor; on April 12th, 1921, he was re-elected for a second term, and on April 3rd, 1924, for a third term. On the death of President Wesbrook, October 20th, 1918, L. S. Klinck, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, was appointed acting President, and on June 1st, 1919, President. From its opening in 1915 till the Summer of 1925, the University carried on its work in temporary quarters on part of the site of the General Hospital in Fairview. Construction work was commenced on the Science Building at the permanent site in Point Grey in 1914, but was interrupted because of war conditions. Work on this building was resumed in 1923, and in the Autumn of the same year the contract was let for the Library. These two buildings which are of stone and are fire-proof, conform closely to the original plans as prepared by the architects in 1914. The initial units of these structures, as well as nine other buildings which are of a less permanent character and are described at a later page in this Calendar, were completed in 1925, and at the beginning of Session 1925-26 the University commenced work in its new quarters. The Inauguration of the new buildings was held on October 15th and 16th, 1925, on which occasion honorary degrees were granted by the University for the first time. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNIVERSITY The Constitution of the University is governed by the British Columbia University Act B.C.R.S. 1924 c. 265, which provides That the University shall consist of a Chancellor, Convocation, Board of Governors, Senate, and the Faculties; that the first Convocation shall consist of all graduates of any university in His Majesty's dominions resident in the Province two years prior to the date fixed for the first meeting of Convocation, together with twenty-five members selected by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council. After the first Convocation it shall consist of the Chancellor, Senate, members of the first Convocation, and all gradutes of the University; that the 18 The University of British Columbia Chancellor shall be elected by Convocation; that the Board of Governors shall consist of the Chancellor, President, and nine persons appointed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council; that the Senate shall consist of: (a) The Minister of Education, the Chancellor, and the President of the University, who shall be Chairman thereof; (b) the deans and two professors of each of the Faculties elected by members of the Faculty; (c) three members to be appointed by the Lieutenant- Governor in Council; (d) the Superintendent of Education, the principals of the normal schools; (e) one member elected by the high-school principals and assistants who are actually engaged in teaching' (/) one member elected by the Provincial Teachers' Institute organized under subsection (e) of section 8 of the "Public Schools Act"; (g) one member to be elected by the governing body of every affiliated college or school in this Province; (h) fifteen members to be elected by Convocation from the members thereof; It is further provided that the University shall be non- sectarian. The University Act gives the University full powers to grant such degrees in the several Faculties and different branches of Knowledge as the Senate may from time to time determine. It reserves for the University the sole right in this Province to confer degrees, except in Theology, and it expressly enacts that "No other university having corporate powers capable of being exercised within the Province shall be known by the same name, nor shall any such university have power to grant degrees." THE WORK OF THE UNIVERSITY The University of British Columbia is an integral part of the public educational system of the Province, and its function is to complete the work begun in the public and high schools. It is the policy of the University to promote education in general, Retiring Allowances 19 and in particular to serve its constituency through three channels—teaching, research, and extension work. As regards teaching, the University furnishes instruction in the various branches of a liberal education and in those technical departments which are most directly related to the life and industries of the Province. The scope of the teaching activity of the University is fully described in Sec. 9 of the Act. In order to make the teaching of the University more vital and for the advancement of knowledge, research is encouraged in every department. The people of the Province are informed of the results of special work by the staff of the University through a system of extension lectures. The University sends lecturers to various parts of the Province during the examination weeks in December and April. In the case of places which can be visited without prejudice to the duties of the lecturer at the University, lectures are arranged to take place during the University term. A list of subjects and lecturers can be obtained on application to the Secretary of the Extension Lecture Committee, through whom all arrangements are made. RETIRING ALLOWANCES In March, 1924, the Board of Governors of the University of British Columbia adopted the contributory plan of retiring allowances for members of the teaching staff. Contracts are placed with the Teachers' Insurance and Annuity Association of America, a corporation made possible by the Carnegie Corporation "to provide insurance and annuities for teachers and other persons employed by colleges, by universities, or by institutions engaged primarily in educational or research work." In May, 1924, the University of British Columbia was elected as a member of the list of institutions associated with the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and received a grant of $50,000.00, payable in ten annual installments, for the purpose of providing supplementary annuities for the older professors of the institution. 20 The University op British Columbia ENDOWMENTS AND DONATIONS However well supported by public funds, a University must depend to a great extent upon private benefactors. In anticipation of endowments the Act provides that: "Any person or corporation may, with the approval of the Senate, found one or more professorships, lectureships, fellowships, scholarships, exhibitions, prizes, or other awards in the University, by providing a sufficient endowment in land or other property, and conveying the same to the University for. such purposes, and every such endowment of lands or other property shall be vested in the University for the purpose or purposes for which it is given." Only a limited number are in a position to make endowments, but many—including alumni and friends of higher education—may add greatly to the usefulness of the University by making contributions that lie within their power. It is gratifying to note that the number of those who assist in this way has been constantly growing. The removal of the University to its permanent home in Point Grey has greatly stimulated interest in its welfare and progress, and within the last two years many valuable donations have been received, especially in the form of equipment for the various Laboratories. Among donations received recently special mention should be made of the very fine Ethnological collection representing the arts, handicraft and weapons of Polynesia donated to the University by Mr. Frank Burnett, Sr, and also of the estate of the late Mr. David Thom, of Hammond, B. C, bequeathed by him to the Faculty of Agriculture. Mr. Thom left his entire estate, consisting of a farm of thirty-five acres and cash and bonds amounting to fifty-five hundred dollars—a total net value of approximately eleven thousand dollars, to be used for the assistance and encouragement of students in the Faculty of Agriculture. A list of the other most important gifts received during last year is given below under the various departments. Endowments and Donations . 21 Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering The Prestolite Co.—Four Prestolite batteries. The Ford Co. of Canada—The loan, for an indefinitely long period, of a motor car engine and chassis. Department of Animal Husbandry T. D. Trapp, Esq, New Westminster—A partial set of Herd Books of the Canadian Ayrshire Breeders' Association. Dr. J. G. Jervis, Milner, B. C.—Livestock wood-cuts and veterinary specimens. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa—Case of mounted wool and cloth samples. Mr. J. F. Vanderhoop, Pemberton Meadows—a complete set of Canadian Ayrshire Herd Register. Department of Botany (For Herbarium and Botanical Gardens) Miss Blanche McAvoy, Chicago—Representative collection of the flora of the Bella Coola district, B.C. Mr. Thos. M. C. Taylor—Collection of specimens from Summerland district, B. C. Mr. E. Walmsley, New Westminster—Seeds of trees and shrubs from Japan. Mr. F. N. Fenton, Kerrisdale—Seeds of Australian native flowers. Calcutta Botanical Gardens—Seeds of Himalayan plants. Dr. J. Griffiths, Vancouver, B. C.—Seeds of Glaucium flavum for medicinal plant investigations. Mr. A. R. Snowball, Vancouver, B. C.—Plants of Yucca for gardens. Professor R. B. Thomson, University of Toronto—Specimens of Cordyceps ("Vegetable caterpillar") from New Zealand. w The above are in addition to numerous small collections sent in to be identified, the specimens being retained for the herbarium. Department of Forestry Dominion Forestry Branch—Samples of tree seed; also various publications. United States Forest Service—Forestry publications. B. C. Forest Branch—Forestry publications. Gordon and James Abernethy—Samples of Hawaiian woods. J. Fyfe Smith & Co. Ltd.—Exhibits of hardwoods, North American and foreign. McLennan, McFeeley & Co. Ltd.—Exhibit of wire rope used in logging. M. Mazur—Samples of Russian woods. Department of Nursing and Health Nursing Class of 1985—Valedictory gift of twenty dollars, to be expended for reference books for the Nursing section of the Library. Department of Philosophy Mrs. James E. Creighton, Victoria—"Studies in Speculative Philosophy," by the late Professor James Edwin Creighton, Ph.D., LL.D., of Cornell University. SUGGESTED LOCAL SCHOLARSHIPS As the number of Matriculation Scholarships offered at present is quite inadequate to the needs of the Province, a scheme which has great possibilities both for the growth of the University and the prosperity of the Province is earnestly recommended to consideration. 22 The University op British Columbia In the large universities, both of Great Britain and the United States, local or district scholarships have proved a strong bond between the community and the University, have brought the University close to the life of the young, and opened up the prospect of a University education to many who would not otherwise have contemplated it. Such local or district scholarships might be established as Matriculation Scholarships, by City or Municipal Councils or other public bodies, or by private benefactors. They would be awarded by a local authority, but the University would reserve the right of confirmation. In awarding such scholarships, standing in the Matriculation Examination need not be the only consideration. It is desirable that regard should be had also to financial circumstances, character, and intellectual promise. Scholarships may be offered for students taking a particular course, and in this way the study of such sciences and technical branches of knowledge as have special importance for the industries of the district may be encouraged. In short, local scholarships may be arranged to meet local needs and to prepare the native sons of the Province to play their part in the development of its resources. THE LIBRARY The University Library consists of 61,000 volumes and about 10,000 pamphlets. It includes representative works in all the courses offered by the University, and a growing collection of works on other subjects. The Library receives regularly about 500 magazines and periodical publications. The book collection is classified throughout on the Congressional system. Books can be borrowed by students for a period of seven days, or for a shorter time should the work be in general demand. Books to which the teaching staff have specially re- The Library 23 ferred their students are placed in a "Reserved" class. These are shelved apart from the main collection, and are loaned only for use in the building, and for a limited period of two hours. They may, however, be taken from the Library for over-night loan, or for any period in which the Library is closed. In these cases they are returnable before 9 a.m. Unbound periodicals are not issued on loan. Books that are costly, rare, or unsuitable for general circulation, are loaned only under special conditions. While the Library is primarily for the use of the staff and students of the University, its resources are available to those of the general public engaged in research or special study, and who make personal application to the Librarian for the privilege of its use. During the session the Library is open on week days from 8:45 a.m. to 9:45 p.m., except on Saturdays, when the hour of closing is 5 p.m. In vacation it is open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., except on Saturdays, when the hours are from 9 a.m. to noon. The University is deeply indebted to all who have made gifts to the Library during the past year. These have been both valuable and numerous. Their number prevents detailed acknowledgment, but recognition should be made of a number of sets of transactions, and complete or partial sets of scientific periodicals, given by societies and friends of the University. NEW BUILDINGS LOCATION The new home of the University is situated on the promontory which forms the western extremity of the Point Grey Peninsula. On three sides it is bounded by the Gulf of Georgia. The site comprises an area of 548 acres, of which approximatley one-half is campus. In all directions appear snow-capped mountains, strikingly rugged and impressive. BUILDINGS The buildings, planned to meet the requirements of fifteen hundred students, are of two classes, permanent and semipermanent. The former were designed by the University architects, Messrs. Sharp and Thompson, the latter by architects of the Department of Public Works of the Provincial Government. The permanent buildings have been erected in the location originally assigned for them; the others in the quadrangle designated aa "unassigned" in the original plan. By utilizing the "unassigned" area for the semi-permanent buildings, all the locations intended for future expansion have been left available. The entire mechanical equipment of these buildings was designed after a close study had been made not only of present requirements, but of the ultimate development of the institution. This consideration accounts for the fact that only a part of the present equipment is permanent. After a careful survey of the whole system, a forced hot water system was found to present advantages that made its adoption advisable. Direct radiation with a system of warmed air supply and extraction for ventilation is used to take care of the heat losses in the buildings. A separate system of ventilation is installed for all sanitary conveniences, and a specially constructed system for fume closets. The various services throughout these buildings, such as hot and cold water, distilled water, gas and steam for laboratory purposes, compressed air, etc., with the necessary apparatus, are all of a modern type. An attempt has been made to reduce New Buildings 25 vibration and noise to a minimum by installing all moving apparatus on floating slabs, with a further insulation of cork. The plan at the back of the Calendar shows the buildings which have been erected and indicates the nature of their construction. It also shows their relation to the other groups of buildings which are to be erected in the future. PERMANENT BUILDINGS Of the twelve buildings which have been erected, three are of fire-proof construction, the Science Building, the Library, and the Power House. Science Building The Science Building has been designed in the Tudor style, this being a phase of English Gothic which lends itself fairly readily to those adaptations which are necessary in order to meet modern collegiate requirements. Externally, British Columbia granite has been used throughout. Wherever possible plain wall surfaces, consisting of the split faces of granite arranged in random sizes with white joints, have been used. The general grey tone is relieved by the use of a small quantity of field stone of darker shades. All window openings are filled with leaded glass in steel sashes. Internally, the building is finished in brick work and tiles in pleasing tones of brown which harmonize with the oak panelled doors, the total effect in keeping with that of the period it is designed to represent. This building, which was designed for the sole use of Chemistry ultimately, now accommodates the Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Bacteriology and Nursing and Health. One and one-half floors are devoted to Chemistry; an equivalent assignment of space has been alloted to Physics, and half of one floor has been set aside for Bacteriology, and Nursing and Health. All lecture rooms and laboratories are well lighted, and a system of forced ventilation has been installed throughout the entire building. Distilled water, gas, steam, compressed air, and electrical supply circuits have been provided wherever re- 26 The University of British Columbia quired. These services are carried in trenches in the floor, an arrangement which facilitates any necessary repairs. Ample provision has also been made for offices, balance rooms, preparation rooms, apparatus rooms, supply rooms, photographic rooms, technicians' rooms, and reading-room for students. Chemistry.—This Department is equipped with one large and one small lecture room, a large laboratory for general chemistry accommodating three hundred and forty students, laboratories for elementary and advanced qualitative and quantitative analysis, an elementary organic laboratory, an advanced organic laboratory and an organic combustion laboratory. A laboratory is available for agricultural chemistry, another for industrial chemistry, and a commodious laboratory for physical chemistry with an adjoining dark room for work in photo-chemistry is found on the third floor. There are also several small laboratories well equipped for research work. Physics.—The Department of Physics has two large lecture rooms, four large and several smaller laboratories, a constant temperature room and a battery room. Three of the large laboratories are equipped for the study of Elementary Physics, Mechanics, and Heat and Electricity. The fourth is specially designed for the conducting of experiments requiring the use of highly sensitive apparatus. Smaller laboratories are designed for light and X-ray experiments. Bacteriology.—Provision has been made in this Department for four laboratories. Two of these are for general student use, one is for serological work and one is for advanced research. In addition to laboratory and lecture room accommodation, an office, a preparation room and a sterilization room have been provided. Nursing and Health.—The three rooms assigned to this Department constitute a teaching unit such as is provided in modern training schools for the instruction of nurses. All the equipment necessary for the demonstration of elementary New BurLDiNGs 27 nursing procedure is available, and can be used for practice teaching purposes. Library Building The central unit of the Library Building is a massive structure of British Columbia granite which harmonizes with the Science Building in its Gothic architectural lines. Owing to the exigencies of the plan, however, the massing is more broken, and thus better effects of light and shade are obtained. Some tracery and stained glass in the upper portion of the building is employed to obtain in a restricted manner the richness of detail characteristic of this style of architecture. Internally, the same effect has been striven for, wherever such an end was possible with due regard to economy. The Main Entrance Hall has a groined ceiling with arches and wall surface finished in Caen Stone plaster. This treatment is carried up to the Main Concourse floor through the staircase Hall; the lower portion of the Concourse walls is plastered with Caen Stone, the quoins to windows and doors, and corbels to roof trusses being finished in the same material. The roofs of the Concourse and of the two reading rooms adjacent are finished in native Woods stained a dark brown, with patterae and shields picked out in bright heraldic colours. Windows throughout the building are of leaded glass. In the Concourse and the inner hall this is of a pale amber shade, with the coats of arms of the Canadian Universities worked into the centre light. On the window above the Loan Desk on the East Side of the Concourse the armorial bearings of Oxford and Cambridge, as the oldest universities of the Empire, are used as flanking emblems to those of the University of British Columbia. The floors of the Main Entrance Hall staircases and of the Concourse are finished with large marbled rubber tiles which harmonize with the general colour scheme, and ensure quietness in the principal parts of the building. Plain oak of simple detail, stained to represent old fumed oak, is used throughout for doors and other wood finish. The principal reading room has a floor space of 100 ft. by 50 ft. and is 60 ft. in height. Two other reading rooms, each 60 ft. by 28 The University of British Columbia 30 feet, open off the main reading room. These rooms provide accommodation for 250 students. The sixth and seventh tiers of the stack, not being required at present to house the University book collection, are used as a periodical room, and will accommodate about fifty readers. The Stack, which occupies the entire rear of the building, consists of seven tiers, four of which are fully equipped with steel stacks of the latest design. Here fifty-two semi-private study "carrels" facilitate research for advanced students. The offices of the Librarian and the Library Staff provide ample accommodation for receiving, cataloguing and accessioning. The Faculty common room, the "Browsing" room, and the Frank Burnett museum are also located in this building. The Burnett collection represents the arts, handicraft and weapons of Polynesia. This collection, which has been presented by Mr. Burnett to the University, is the result of numerous voyages made by him to the Central and South Pacific Islands. It constitutes one of the finest collections of this class of material yet accumulated by any private collector. Power House The Power House has been placed in the centre of the space which will ultimately be the Engineering Quadrangle, and will therefore eventually be masked by the future permanent buildings towards the Mall. For this reason it does not pretend to follow very closely the style of the other permanent buildings except in mass, being finished in rough case of broken texture, relieved with red quarry tiles as diapers, copings and offsets, with windows grouped as far as possible to give pleasing proportions of voids and solids. The ultimate development of this plant will be 2500 horse power at normal rating. The present installation consists of three units, each of 250 horse power normal rating, capable of developing 100 per cent, in excess of this. Each unit, so equipped as to operate independently of the others, may act as a service as well as an experimental station. In other words, on any one boiler an experimental test may be conducted while the rest New Buildings 29 of the plant is cut in on the service lines. Instruments are provided to record every operation so that close checking and comparisons of the performance of the different types of boilers may be made to a degree. The B. & W. Unit is equipped with B. & W. Natural Draft Stoker, the Sterling Boiler with forced draft Coxe Travelling Grate. The Kidwell with forced draft Coxe Travelling Grate is also equipped with air pre-heater, by-passed, so that tests may be conducted with or without pre-heated air. Induced draft is used with individual forced draft fans; separate boiler feed lines and pump with Linehart Scale provide boiler feed for tests. A travelling weigh scale records the amount of coal used, while a steam jet ash conveyor elevates the ashes to an overhead bunker. The efficiency and flexibility of the plant lends itself to economical operation, while the knowledge gained in the use of different appliances will be of interest and value to power plant users. SEMI-PERMANENT BUILDINGS In this group there are nine buildings in all,—Administration, Auditorium and Grill room, Arts, Applied Science, Agriculture; three Engineering Buildings—Mechanical, Electrical; Mining, Metallurgy and Hydraulics; and the Forest Products Laboratory Building. These buildings, which are set on concrete foundations, are of frame construction with stucco finish, and are designed for a life of forty years. Their exterior design harmonizes with the permanent buildings so far as materials of construction will permit. With the exception of a part of the Engineering Laboratories, these buildings have been finished internally with plaster and fir trim. Administration Building On the ground floor of this building are situated the offices of the President, the Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Science, the Registrar, and the Bursar. On the second floor are two large rooms, one for meetings of the Board of Governors and 30 The University of British Columbia the Senate, and the other for meetings of Faculties and Committees. Auditorium Building The Auditorium Building is designed in a pleasing treatment of Renaissance architecture and is furnished with the most modern equipment. It has a seating capacity of 1029, a large and admirably equipped stage for the encouragement of dramatic presentations, an orchestra pit and adequate off-stage dressing rooms. Provision has been made for the operating of moving pictures and the stage is equipped with a cyclorama and all necessary electrical illumination devices. The Grill room is situated in the basement and is designed to accommodate 400 students at one time. There is also a small dining room for the Faculty. The kitchen is furnished with the latest cooking and baking equipment. The bookstore, post office, medical offices, women's rest room, students' council offices, and numerous committee rooms for subsidiary organizations are also located in this building. Arts Building In the Arts Building, which forms the centre of the semipermanent group, are located the lecture rooms and offices for the following Departments in the Faculty of Arts and Science: Classics, Economics, Sociology and Political Science, Education, English, History, Mathematics, Modern Languages and Philosophy. The lecture rooms, 16 in number, are well designed and exceptionally well lighted. The largest room accommodates 250 students; the seating capacity of the others ranges from 32 to 64. Four common rooms for the undergraduates in Arts and Science are located in this building, as is also the office of the Dean of Women. Applied Science Building This building houses the Departments of Geology, Botany, Zoology, Forestry and the drafting rooms and offices for Civil New Buildings 31 Engineering. All the laboratories have been equipped with the essential services. One large lecture room, providing accommodations for 250 students, and 11 smaller lecture rooms with a seating capacity ranging from 25 to 112, are located in this building. These will be used by the different Departments jointly as class requirements may determine. Extensive provision has been made for drafting rooms and for the necessary offices, preparation rooms, storage rooms, and photographic rooms. A geological museum, a reading room and a common room for students have also been provided. Geology.—In addition to the necessary lecture rooms, the Department of Geology has three large and well equipped laboratories, the Mineralogical, the Petrological and the Geological. There are also two small research laboratories, one for graduate students and one for the staff. The Department workroom is well equipped for the preparation of specimens. The museum contains valuable collections of illustrative material which supplements the extensive working collections in the laboratories. The reading room is equipped with books, separates, maps, photographs and slides for reference. Botany.—The Botanical laboratories include a large junior laboratory, a senior laboratory, two student research laboratories and three private research rooms. These laboratories are used for practical work in Botany and General Biology. A Herbarium of over 15,000 sheets and a botanical garden containing over 1000 specimens of native plants furnish an abundance of material for class room and laboratory purposes. Zoology.—This Department, which includes courses in Entomology, has two large laboratories, a small research laboratory and two private laboratories, all well equipped. There is also a room for class material, which will serve for a time as a repository for museum collections and for specimens to be used for illustration. Forestry.—While the Department of Forestry has its own laboratory for work in wood technology, its own class room 32 The University of British Columbia and offices, it uses the laboratories of other Departments quite extensively, notably those in Biology, Civil Engineering and Forest Products. The Department possesses, in the forest belt which has been preserved on the campus as a natural park, a very valuable outdoor laboratory for forestry students. Civil Engineering.—Well equipped and well lighted draughting and designing rooms are available for all classes in drawing, mapping, machine design and computation work. The equipment necessary for all types of Civil Engineering work is available. The hydraulic laboratory, which is situated in the Mining, Metallurgy and Hydraulics Building, is well equippe 3 I 02 a FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCE The degrees offered in this Faculty are Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and Master of Arts (M.A.). COURSES LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF B.A. The degree of B.A. is granted with Honours or as a Pass degree. A Pass degree will be granted on completion of courses amounting to 60 units chosen in conformity with Calendar regulations. Credits obtained at the Summer Session may be combined with "Winter Session credits to complete a University year. While the degree of B.A. may be obtained by attendance at Summer Sessions, candidates are advised to attend at least one Winter Session, preferably that of the Fourth Year. A double course is offered in Arts and Science and Applied Science leading to the degrees of B.A. and B.A.Sc. (See "Double Course.") No distinction is made between Pass and Honour students in the First and Second Years, except as regards prerequisites for later work, but in the Third and Fourth Years there are special requirements for Honour students. Credit will not be given for more than 18 units in any one Winter Session, and no student under 21 years of age, registered in the Winter Session, will be allowed credit for more than 21 units in any one year from September to August by Winter and Summer Session combined. Courses are described in terms of units. A unit normally consists of one lecture hour (or one continuous laboratory period of not less than two or more than three hours) per week throughout the session, or two lecture hours (or equivalent laboratory periods) throughout a single term. Note.—Students in any of the affiliated Theological Colleges who file with the Registrar a written statement expressing their intention of graduating in Theology will be allowed to offer, in each year of their Arts course, in place of optional subjects set down in the Calendar for the Year and course in which 66 Faculty op Arts and Science they are registered, Religious Knowledge options, to the extent of three units taken from the following list: Hebrew, Biblical Literature, New Testament Greek, Church History, Christian Ethics and Apologetics. FIRST AND SECOND YEARS 1. The requirements of the first two years consist of 30 units, 15 of which must be taken in each year. Courses must be chosen in conformity with the requirements that follow. Details of courses are given under the various departments. Each student must take: Units (a) English 1 in the First Year and English 2 in the Second Year 6 (6) The first two courses in a language offered for Matriculation, one course in each year.; 6 (c) Mathematics 1, in the First Year 3 (d) Economics 1, or History 1 or 2 or 3, or Philosophy 1 3 (e) Biology 1, or Chemistry 1, or Geology 1, or Physics 1 3 (/) Three courses—not already chosen— selected from the following:— Biology 1, Botany 1, Chemistry 1, Chemistry 2, Economics 1, Economics 2, French 1, French 2, Geography 1, Geology 1, Geology 2, •Beginners' German, German 1, German 2, ^Beginners' Greek, Greek 1, Greek 2, History 1, History 2, History 3, Latin 1, Latin 2, Mathematics 2, Mathematics 3, Mathematics 4, Philosophy 1, Physics 1, Physics 2, Physics 3, Zoology 1 9 •See Regulations "2" and "3". Pass Courses 67 Note.—Botany 1, Zoology 1, Geology 1 and 2 and History 3 are not open to First Year students. Economics 1, and Philosophy 1 are open to First Year students only if the permission of the Heads of these departments is obtained. History 2 is open to First Year students only if they are preparing for entrance to the Normal School. 2. No student in his First Year may elect more than one beginners' course in language, and no beginners' course in language will count towards a degree unless followed by a second year's work in that language. I 3. Except in the case of beginners' eourses, no course in language may be taken by a student who has not offered that language at Matriculation. A beginners' course in language may not be taken for credit by a student who has obtained credit for that language at Matriculation. 4. A student taking three languages in the first two years may defer the course selected under e (above) to the Third or Fourth Year. Note:—The following special conditions affecting admission to Applied Science are given for the information of students intending to enter that Faculty: (a) Nursing and Health courses require Junior Matriculation or equivalent (as for Arts). (b) All other courses require: (i) Junior Matriculation or equivalent, (ii) Also a First Year Arts Course or equivalent, which shall include the following subjects: Chemistry 1; Mathematics 1, (Algebra, Geometry and Trigonometry); Physics 1, or 2; English 1; Latin 1, or French 1, or German B. 68 Faculty op Arts and Science The passing grade is 50 per cent, for Chemistry, Physics and each of the Mathematics subjects; but in the others a pass grade of 40 per cent, will be accepted, provided an average of 50 per cent, has been obtained in the total. Biology 1 may be taken as an optional extra subject, and, if passed with a grade of at least 50 per cent., need not be taken in Applied Science. Economics 1 taken in Arts is accepted in lieu of Economics in Applied Science. A reading kuowledge of French and German is desirable for students in Engineering. No student may enter with any outstanding supplemental in Junior Matriculation or in any of the Chemistry, Mathematics or Physics subjects listed above; or with supplemental in other subjects to the extent of more than three units. Students who have failed to complete the above requirements may apply for permission to take the September Supplemental Examinations in Arts. To ensure the conformity of their courses to Calendar regulations, all students in their Second Year are advised to submit to the Dean of the Faculty, on or before March 31st of each year, a scheme of the courses they propose to take during their last two years. THIRD AND FOURTH YEARS The requirements of the Third and Fourth Years consists of 30 units, of which students must take, in their Third Year, not less than 15 units. PASS CURRICULUM 1. A minimum of 15 units must be taken in two Major subjects, not less than 6 units in either, and a minimum of 6 units in some other subject or subjects. Work in the First or Second Year is required in each of the Major subjects, except in the case of Bacteriology. Both Major subjects must be chosen from one of the following groups: (a) Chemistry, Bacteriology, Botany, Geology, Physics, Zoology. (b) Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics. (c) Economics, Philosophy, Mathematics. Honour Courses 69 (d) English, Greek, Latin, French, German, History, Economics, Philosophy. 2. Details of courses available in the Third and Fourth Years are given under the various departments. •First and Second Year courses may be taken in the Third or Fourth Year, but only with the consent of the Department concerned and of the Department in which the candidate is doing his major work, and no such course (with the exception of Third and Fourth Year subjects which are open to Second Year students) will be counted for more than 2 units in the Third or Fourth Year. But the Department in which such a course is taken may supplement it by a reading course or special course counting one unit. No credit will be given for a language course normally taken in the First Year unless it is taken in the Third Year and continued in the Fourth Year. Some courses, however, are intended for Honour students only. 3. During the Fourth Year one course of private reading, to count not more than 3 units, may be taken with the consent of the department concerned. HONOURS 1. Students whose proposed scheme of work involves Honour courses must obtain the consent of the departments concerned and of the Dean before entering on these courses; and this consent will normally be granted only to those students who have a clear academic record at the end of their Second Year with at least Second Class standing in the subject or subjects of specialization. (Cards of application for admission to Honour courses may be obtained at the Registrar's office.) 2. Certain departments offer Honour courses either alone or in combination with other departments. For Honours in a single department, at least 18 of the requisite 30 units must be taken in the department concerned, and at least 6 outside it. For Honours in combined courses, at least 12 units are required in each of two subjects. Particulars of these courses are given below. *Thls regulation applies to students in Pass courses only, and an exception is made in the case of Greek 1 and German 1. 70 Faculty op Arts and Science 3. All candidates for Honours may, at the option of the department or departments concerned, be required to present a graduating essay embodying the results of some investigation that they have made independently. Credit for the graduating essay will be not less than 3 or more than 6 units. 4. Candidates for Honours are required, at the end of their Fourth Year, to take a general examination, oral or written, or both, as the department or departments concerned shall decide. This examination is designed to test the student's knowledge of his chosen subject or subjects as a whole and is in addition to the ordinary class examinations of the Third and Fourth Years. 5. Honours are of two grades—First Class and Second Class. Students who, in the opinion of the department concerned, have not attained a sufficiently high ranking may be awarded a pass degree. If a combined Honour course is taken, First Class Honours will be given only if both the departments concerned agree; and an Honour degree will be withheld if either department refuses a sufficiently high ranking. 6. The following Honour courses are regularly offered, and other Honour courses may be arranged with the department or departments concerned. HONOUR COURSES IN SINGLE DEPARTMENTS Biology (Botany Option) Prerequisites:—Biology 1, Chemistry 1, and Botany 1. Physics 1 and Zoology 1 are required before completion of the course and should be taken as early as possible. Students are advised to take Chemistry 2 and 3. Required Courses:—Botany 3, 4, 5 (a), and 6 (c). Optional Courses:—Biology 2 and 3; courses in Botany not specifically required; and courses in Zoology. Optional courses should be selected in consultation with the department. Biology (Zoology Option) Prerequisites:—Biology 1, Zoology 1, Chemistry 1. Physics 1 and Botany 1 are required before completion of Honour Courses 71 the course and should be taken as early as possible. Students are advised to take Chemistry 2 and 3. Required Courses:—Zoology 2, 3, 5, 6. Optional Courses:—Zoology 4, 7, 8; courses in Botany; Geology 6. These optional courses should be selected in consultation with the Head of the department. Chemistry Prerequisites:—Chemistry 1; Physics 1 or 2, and Mathematics 2. Course:—Candidates are required to complete the following courses: Chemistry 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10. Classics Course:—Any three of Greek 3, 5, 6, 7, and any three of Latin 3, 4, 5, 6. As proof of ability to write Greek and Latin prose, candidates must attain not less than Second Class standing in Greek 8 and Latin 8. During the candidate's Fourth Year, papers will be set on sight translation; and the candidate is advised to pursue a course of private reading under the supervision of the department. There will also be a general paper on Antiquities, Literature and History. J * Economics Prerequisite:—A reading knowledge of French or German. Course:—Economics 2 if not already taken, any 15 further units in the department, and a graduating essay which will count 3 units. (Tutorial instruction will be arranged in connection with the essay.) Students must pass an oral examination and, if required, address a general audience on a designated subject. Work in this department should be supplemented by a course in Ethics and by the foundational courses in History. English Language and Literature Prerequisite:—A reading knowledge of French or German. Course:—English 19 (involving an examination on the life, 72 Faculty op Arts and Science times, and complete works of some major English author), 20, 21 (a), 21 (o), 22, 24 (the seminar, which must be attended in both years, though credit will be given only for the work of the final year), and a graduating essay which will count 3 units. Candidates will be required to take a final Honours examination, written or oral, or both, on the History of English Literature. In the award of Honours special importance will be attached to the graduating essay and to the final Honours Examination. If the candidate's work outside the department does not include a course in English History, he must take an examination in that subject. Geology Prerequisites:—Geology 1. If possible Geology 2 should be taken. Chemistry 1 and Physics 1 should be taken in the First Year. Zoology 1, to which Biology 1 is prerequisite, should be taken in the Third Year in preparation for Geology 6. Course:—18 units to be chosen from Geology 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12. History Course:—Any 18 units, of which the graduating essay will count 3 units. The seminar (which carries no credit) must be attended in either the Third or the Fourth Year. A reading knowledge of French is required. French Course:—French 3 (a), 3 (6), 3 (c) in the Third Year. French 4 (a), 4 (6), 4 (c) in the Fourth Year. A graduating essay (in French) which will count 3 units. Mathematics Prerequisites:—Mathematics 2, Physics 1 or 2. Course:—Any 18 units in Mathematics, and Physics 3 and 4. Mathematics 3 or 4, but not both, may be taken among the requisite 18 units. A final Honours Examination is required. Combined Honour Courses 73 Physics Prerequisites:—Mathematics 2, Physics 1 or 2. Course:—Mathematics 10, 16, 17. Physics 3 and 4, and 12 additional units. COMBINED HONOUR COURSES (a) Biology (Botany and Zoology) and Bacteriology Prerequisites:—Chemistry 1 and 2; Biology 1; Botany 1, or Zoology 1. Course:—Bacteriology 1, 2 and 5; the required courses for either the Botany option or the Zoology option of the Honour course in Biology. (b) Biology (Botany and Zoology) and-Geology Prerequisites:—Chemistry 1; Biology 1; Geology 1. Course:—Geology 2, 3 and 6; the required courses for either the Botany option or the Zoology option of the Honour course in Biology. (c) Chemistry and Biology (Botany and Zoology) Prerequisites:—Chemistry 1 and 2; Physics 1 or 2; Biology 1. Course:—Chemistry 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9; the required courses for either the Botany option or the Zoology option of the Honour course in Biology. (d) Chemistry and Physics Prerequisites:—Chemistry 1; Physics 1 or 2, and Mathematics 2. Course:—Chemistry 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, and Physics 3, 4, 7 or 9, and 8 or 10. Candidates are advised to take Mathematics 10. (e) Chemistry and Geology Prerequisites:—Chemistry 1; Physics 1 or 2, and Geology 1. Course:—Chemistry 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, and at least 12 units in Geology. 74 Faculty op Arts and Science (f) Chemistry and Mathematics Prerequisites:—Chemistry 1; Physics 1; Mathematics 1 and 2. Course:—Chemistry 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and at least 12 units in Mathematics, including Mathematics 10. (g) Mathematics and Physics Prerequisites:—Mathematics 1 and 2; Physics 1 or 2. Course .-—Mathematics, at least 12 units, including Mathematics 10, 16 and 17. Physics, at least 12 units, including Physics 3 if not already taken, and Physics 4. (h) Any two of: Economics, English, French, History, Latin, Philosophy. Economics Prerequisite:—A reading knowledge of French or German. Course:—Any 12 units, including Economics 2, if not already taken. English Prerequisite:—A reading knowledge of French or German. Course:—English 20 and 24, and any three of the English courses of the first division. The seminar must be attended during both of the final years, but credits which count for the B.A. degree will be given only for the work of the Fourth Year. A final Honours Examination, written or oral, or both, is required on the History of English Literature since 1500. French Course:—If the graduating essay is written on a French subject, 3 (a) and 3 (c), 4 (a) and 4 (c); otherwise either these courses or 3 (a) and 3 (b), 4 (a) and 4 (b). Courses 3 (b) and 4 (6) are intended primarily for Honour students and should be taken whenever possible, even if they are not required to make up the minimum number of units. Courses Leading to the Degree op M.A. 75 History Prerequisite:—A reading knowledge of French. Course:—History 4 or 5 and any 9 additional units, of which the graduating essay, if written in History, will count 3 units. The seminar (which carries no credits) must be attended in either the Third or Fourth Year. Latin Course:—Latin 8 and any four of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. In the final year candidates must pass an examination (a) in sight translation, and (b) in Latin Literature, History and Antiquities. Private reading under the direction of the department is recommended. Philosophy Course:—Any 12 units besides Philosophy 1, six units in each year. t COURSES LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF M.A. 1. Candidates for the M.A. degree must hold the B.A. degree from this University, or its equivalent. 2. A graduate of another university applying for permission to enter as a graduate student is required to submit with his application an official statement of his graduation together with a certificate of the standing gained in the several subjects of his course. The Faculty will determine the standing of such a student in this University. The fee for examination of certificates is $2.00. 3. Candidates with approved degrees and academic records who proceed to the Master's degree shall be required: To spend one year in resident graduate study; or (i) To do two or more years of private work under the supervision of the University, such work to be equivalent to one year of graduate study; or 76 Faculty op Arts and Science (ii) To do one year of private work under University supervision and one term of resident graduate study, the total of such work to be equivalent to one year of resident graduate study. 4. One major and one minor shall be required. 5. Two typewritten copies of each thesis, on standard-sized thesis paper, shall be submitted. (See special circular of "Instructions for the Preparation of Masters' Theses.") 6. Application for admission as a graduate student shall be made to the Registrar by October 15th. 7. The following requirements apply to all Departments: Prerequisites: Minor:—For a minor, at least six units of work regularly offered in the Third and Fourth years shall be prerequisite. For details or requirements, see regulations of the several Departments. Major:—For a major, at least eight units of work regularly offered in the Third and Fourth years shall be prerequisite. For details of requirements, see regulations of the several Departments. Students who have not fulfilled the requirements outlined above during their undergraduate course may fulfil the same by devoting more than one academic year's study to the M.A. work. M. A. Courses: Minor:—Five or six units of regular Third or Fourth year work, or equivalents in reading courses. Examinations to be written, or oral, or both at the discretion of the Department concerned. At least second class standing is required in the subjects of the minor. Courses Leading to the Degree op M.A. 77 Major:—Nine or ten units of regular Third or Fourth year work, or equivalents in reading courses, of which units three to six shall be counted for the thesis. All candidates must submit to a general examination on the major field. This examination may be written, or oral, or both, at the discretion of the Department concerned. At least second class standing is required in the work of the major. Languages:—No candidate will receive the degree of M.A. who has not satisfied the Head of the Department with which he is majoring of his ability to read technical articles either in French or in German. Students doing tutorial work shall not be allowed to come up for final examination in less than two academic years after registration as M.A. students. The following special requirements are prescribed by different departments: Biology (Botany Option) Prerequisites: Minor:—Biology 1, and six additional units in Botany and Zoology. Major:—Biology 1, Botany 1, and eight additional units including Zoology 1. M. A. Course: Minor:—A minimum of five units chosen in consultation with the Department. Major:—Thesis, at least five units, and other courses to complete required units. Biology (Zoology Option) Prerequisites: Minor:—Biology 1, and six additional units in Botany and Zoology. 78 Faculty op Arts and Science Major:—Biology 1, Zoology 1, and eight additional units, including Botany 1. M.A. Course: Minor:—A minimum of five units chosen in consultation with the Department. Major:—Thesis, at least five units, and other courses to complete the required number of units. Economics Prerequisites: Minor:—The B.A. degree involving credit for at least fifteen units of work in subjects in the Department, or an equivalent. Major:—The B.A. degree with Honours in Economics; or in Economics in combination with some other subject; or an equivalent. M.A. Course: All candidates for the Master's degree in this Department must attend the Honour Seminar. English Prerequisites: Minor:—At least nine units of credit for English courses elective in the Third and Fourth years of the undergraduate curriculum. Major:—At least fifteen units of credit for courses elective in the Third and Fourth years. M.A. Course: Minor:—Six units of credit in advanced courses in English not already taken. Major:—(a) Twelve units of credit in advanced courses not already taken, one of which courses must be English 21a, or its equivalent, if this has not been previously offered for credit. Courses Leading to the Degree op M.A. 79 (b) A graduating essay which will count as an advanced course involving three units of credit. (c) Oral examinations on the history of English Literature. (d) A reading knowledge of either French or German. A student who offers both languages will be allowed three units of credit towards the M.A. degree. With French Detailed Study: (a) O.F.—Aucassin and Nicolette. (b) XVIth Century—-Montaigne, EsSais (Hatier). Chefs- d'oeuvre poetiques du XVIe siecle (Hatier). Less Detailed: A (c) XVIIth Century and after-^-The evolution of the French Novel, particularly the novels treated in Le Breton's Roman au XVIIe sidcle—Roman au XVIIIe si&cle, and the chief Romantic Novels. (d) XVIIIth Century—Beaumarchais, Barbier de Seville. Rousseau, La Nouvelle Heloise—Emile. Diderot, Le Neveu de Rameau. Voltaire, Les Lettres philosophiques. (e) XlXth Century—Auzas, La poesie au 19e siecle. (Oxford). Alfred de Musset, ThSdtre. (Oxford). Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac. (Fasquelle). (f) A general knowledge of French literary history from XVIth Century to end of XlXth. This not to be detailed, but to treat of main movements. (g) A thesis in French on a subject to be approved by the Head of the Department. Note:—It is expected that the candidate will have read and will be able to discuss three plays of Moliere, three of Corneille, three of Racine, and something of Boileau, Bossuet, Chateaubriand, La Fontaine, Lamartine, Victor Hugo, Balzac, Flaubert, Anatole France. 80 Faculty of Arts and Science Some help will be given by lectures, explanations of texts, and advice in reading, but the Department cannot undertake to cover the whole or any considerable part of the syllabus. History Prerequisites: Minor:—Two courses (six units) to be chosen from History 4 to 9 inclusive. Major:—Three courses (nine units) to be chosen from History 4 to 9 inclusive. M.A. Course: Minor:—Two courses (6 units) to be chosen from History 4 to 9 inclusive; or the equivalent in reading courses. All candidates for a minor in History must attend the Honour Seminar. Major:—Two courses (six units) to be chosen from History 4 to 9 inclusive. A thesis embodying original work to which 3 units of credit is given. All candidates for a major in History must attend the Honour Seminar. Examinations shall be written and oral. Candidates for a major will be examined orally on their thesis and their major field. An average of 75 per cent, is required to qualify in the work of a major. Mathematics Prerequisites: Minor:—Mathematics 10 and at leaest two other Honour Courses. Major:—Candidates must have completed the Honour Course in Mathematics, or its equivalent. M.A. Course: Minor:—Mathematics 16 and an additional three units to be chosen from the Honour Courses. Major:—Any four of the graduate courses and a thesis. Examinations and Advancement 81 EXAMINATIONS AND ADVANCEMENT 1. Examinations in all subjects, obligatory for all students, are held in December and in April. Applications for special consideration on account of illness or domestic affliction must be submitted to the Dean not later than two days after the close of the examination period. In cases where illness is the plea for absence from examinations, a medical certificate must be presented. 2. The passing mark will be 50 per cent, in each subject, except in the case of the First and Second Years when the work of either year is taken as a whole in one session, in which case an aggregate of 50 per cent, will be required and not less than 40 per cent, in each subject. In Beginners' Greek and Beginners' German, however, the passing mark is 50 per cent. 3. Successful candidates will be graded as follows: First Class, an average of 80 per cent, or over; Second Class, 65 to 80 per cent.; Passed, 50 to 65 per cent. 4. If a student's general standing in the final examinations of any year is sufficiently high, the Faculty may grant him supplemental examinations in the subject or subjects in which he has failed, but a student obtaining less than 30 per cent, in a subject will not be granted a supplemental examination in that subject, except with the consent of the Faculty. Notice will be sent to all students to whom such examinations have been granted. 5. Supplemental examinations will be held in September and will not be granted at any other time, except by special permission of the Faculty, and on payment of a fee of $7.50 per paper. To pass a supplemental examination, a candidate must obtain at least 50 per cent. A candidate with a supplemental examination outstanding in any subject which is on the Summer Session curriculum may clear his record by attending the Summer Session course in the subject and passing the required examinations. 6. Applications for supplemental examinations, accompanied 82 Faculty op Arts and Science by the necessary fees (See schedule of Fees) must be in the hands of the Registrar at least two weeks before the date set for the examinations. 7. No student may enter a higher year with supplemental examinations still outstanding in respect of more than 3 units of the preceding year, nor with any supplemental examination outstanding in respect of the work of an earlier year or of Matriculation unless special permission to do so is granted by Faculty. Such permission will be granted only when Faculty is satisfied that the failure to remove the outstanding supplemental examinations had an adequate cause. 8. A student may not continue in a later year any subject in which he has a supplemental examination outstanding from an earlier year, except in the case of compulsory subjects in the Second Year. 9. A student who is not allowed to proceed to a higher year may not register as a partial student in respect of the subjects of that higher year. But a student who is required to repeat his year will be exempt from attending lectures and passing examinations in subjects in which he has already made at least 50 per cent. In this ease he may take, in addition to the subjects of the year which he is repeating, certain subjects of the following year. 10. A student who fails twice in the work of the same year, may, upon the recommendation of the Faculty, be required by the Senate to withdraw from the University. 11. Any student whose academic record, as determined by the tests and examinations of the first term of the First or Second Year, is found to be unsatisfactory, may, upon the recommendation of the Faculty, be required by the Senate to discontinue attendance at the University for the remainder of the session. Such a student will not be readmitted to the University as long as any supplemental examinations are outstanding. Bacteriology 83 12. Term essays and examination papers will be refused a passing mark if they are noticeably deficient in English, and, in this event, students will be required to pass a special examination in English to be set by the Department of English. DEPARTMENTS IN ARTS AND SCIENCE Department of Bacteriology Professor: Hibbert Winslow Hill. Instructor: Freda L. Wilson. Assistant: Helen M. Mathews. 1. General Bacteriology:—A course consisting of lectures, demonstrations, and laboratory work. The history of bacteriology, the place of bacteria in nature, the classification of bacterial forms, methods of culture and isolation, and various bactericidal substances and conditions will be studied. The relationship of bacteria to agriculture, household science, and public health will be carefully considered. Text-book:—Thomas, Bacteriology, Latest Edition, McGraw-Hill. Students proceeding to Bacteriology 2 need procure Jordan only (see Bacteriology 2). Prerequisites:—Chemistry 1, and Biology 1. Seven hours a week. First Term. 2 units. 2. Special Bacteriology:—A course consisting of lectures, demonstrations, and laboratory work. The more common pathogenic bacteria will be studied, together with the reaction of the animal body against invasion by these bacteria. The course will include studies in immunity and the various diagnostic methods in use in public health laboratories. Text-book:—Jordan, General Bacteriology, Latest Edition, Saunders. Prerequisite:—Bacteriology 1. Seven hours a week. Second Term. 2 units. 84 Faculty op Arts and Science 3. As in Dairying 3 (under Faculty of Agriculture.) 2 units. 4. As in Dairying 7 (under Faculty of Agriculture.) iy2 units. 5. Advanced Bacteriology:—A reading and laboratory course, including immunology. Tutorial instruction of one hour per week; laboratory and demonstration hours to be arranged with the class. Text-books:—Kolmer, Infection and Immunity. Jordan, General Bacteriology, Latest Editions, Saunders. Prerequisites:—Bacteriology 1 and 2. 3 units. 6. Soil Bacteriology:—A laboratory and lecture course, in which the bacteria of soils are studied qualitatively and quantitatively, with special reference to soil fertility. Text-book:—Lohnis and Fred, Text-book of Agricultural Bacteriology, Latest Edition, McGraw-Hill. Prerequisite:—Bacteriology 1. Five hours a week. First term. 2 units. Department of Botany Professor: A. H. Hutchinson. Assistant Professor: John Davidson. Assistant Professor: Frank Dickson. Assistant: Mildred H. Campbell. Assistant: Jean Davidson. Assistant: Braham G. Griffith. Assistant: C. W. Argue. Biology 1. Introductory Biology.—The course is introductory to more advanced work in Botany or Zoology; also to courses closely related to Biological Science, such as Agriculture, Forestry, Medicine. The fundamental principles of Biology; the interrelationships of plants and animals; life processes; the cell and division of labour; life-histories; relation to environment. The course is prerequisite to all courses in Botany and Zoology. Botany , 85 Text-book: — Smallwood, Text-book of Biology, Lea & Febiger, 1920. Two lectures and two hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 2. Principles of Genetics:—The fundamentals of Genetics illustrated by the race histories of certain plants and animals; the physical basis of heredity; variations; mutations; acquired characters; Mendel's law with suggested applications. Text-book:—Castle, Genetics and Eugenics, Harvard Press. Prerequisite:—Biology 1. Two lectures per week. First Term. 1 unit. 3. General Physiology:—A study of animal and plant life processes. Open to students of Third and Fourth Years having prerequisite Biology, Chemistry and Physics; the Department should be consulted. Text-book:—Bayliss, Principles of General Physiology, Longmans, Green. Two lectures and three hours laboratory per week. Reference reading. Second Term. 3 units. Botany 1. General Botany:—A course including a general survey of the several fields of Botany and introductory to more specialized courses in Botany. This course is prerequisite to all other courses in Botany, except the Evening Course. Partial credit for this course (2 units) may be obtained through the Evening Course. Text-book:—Coulter, Barnes & Cowles, Text-book of Botany, Vol. I, University of Chicago Press. Prerequisite:—Biology 1. Two lectures and two hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 2. Morphology:—A comparative study of plant structures. The relationship of plant groups. Comparative life-histories. Emphasis is placed upon the increasing complexity of plant structures, from the lower to the higher forms, involving a progressive differentiation accompanied by an interdependence of parts. 86 Faculty op Arts and Science Text-book:—Coulter, Barnes & Cowles, Text-book of Botany, Vol. I, University of Chicago Press. Prerequisite:—Botany 1. Two lectures and four hours laboratory per week. First Term. 2 units. 3. Plant Physiology. Text-book:—V. I. Palladin, Plant Physiology, English Edition (Translation of 6th Russian Edition), 1918, Blakiston. Prerequisite:—Botany 1. Two lectures and four hours laboratory work per week. First Term. 2 units. 4. Histology:—A study of the structure and development of plants; methods of killing, fixing, embedding, sectioning, staining, mounting, drawing, reconstructing. Use of microscope, camera lucida; photo-micrographic apparatus. Text-books:—Eames and McDaniels, Introduction to Plant Anatomy, McGraw-Hill. Chamberlain, Methods in Plant Histology, University of Chicago Press. Prerequisite:—Botany 1. Seven hours per week. Second Term. 2 units 5. Systematic Botany. 5 (a) Economic Flora:—An introduction to the classification of plants through a study of selected families of economic plants of British Columbia; useful for food, fodder, medicine and industrial arts; harmful to crops and stock. Weeds, and poisonous plants. Methods of control. Prerequisite:—Botany 1. Texts:—Jepson, Economic Plants of California, University of California; Thomson and Sifton, Poisonous Plants and Weed Seeds, University of Toronto Press. Two lectures and two hours laboratory per week. First Term. iy2 units. 5 (6) Dendrology:—A study of the forest trees of Canada, the common shrubs of British Columbia, the important trees of the United States which are not native to Canada. Emphasis on the species of economic importance. Identification, distribution, relative importance, construction of keys. Botany 87 Prerequisite:—Botany 1. Text-books:—Morton & Lewis, Native Trees of Canada, Dominion Forestry Branch, Ottawa; Sudworth, Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. One lecture and one period of two or three hours' laboratory or field work per week. 5 (e) Descriptive Taxonomy:—An advanced course dealing with the collection, preparation and classification of "flowering plants." Methods of field, herbarium and laboratory work. Plant description, the use of floras, preparation of keys, identification of species. Systems of classification. Nomenclature. Prerequisites:—Botany 1 and 5 (a). Texts:—Hitchcock, Descriptive Systematic Botany, Wiley & Sons, N. Y.; Henry, Flora of Southern British Columbia, Gage & Co., Toronto. One lecture and four hours laboratory per week. Second Term. iy2 units. 6 (a) General Plant Pathology:—Identification and life histories of pathogens causing disease of some common economic plants; means of combating them. Text-book:—Heald, Manual of Plant Diseases, McGraw- Hill. Prerequisite:—Botany 1. One lecture and two hours laboratory per week. Second Term. 1 unit. 6 (b) Forest Pathology:—Nature, identification and control of the more important tree-destroying fungi and other plant parasites of forests. Text-book:—Rankin, Manual of Tree Diseases, Macmillan. One lecture and two hours laboratory per week during one- half of the Second Term. y2 unit- 6 (c) Plant Pathology (Elementary):—A course similar to 6 (a), but including more details concerning the diseases studied. Text-book:—Heald, Manual of Plant Diseases, McGraw- Hill. 88 Faculty op Arts and Science Prerequisite:—Botany 1. Two lectures and four hours laboratory per week. Second Term. 2 units. 6 (d) Plant Pathology (Advanced):—A course designed for Honour or Graduate students. Technique; isolation and culture work; inoculations; details concerning the various stages in the progress of plant diseases; a detailed study of control measures. Prerequisite:—Botany 6 (a) or 6 (c). One lecture and four hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 6 (e) Mycology:—A course designed to give the student a general knowledge of the fungi from a taxonomic point of view. Text-books:—Stevens, Plant Disease Fungi, Macmillan. Prerequisite:—Botany 1. ^ Two lectures and four hours laboratory per week. Credit will be given for a collection of fungi made during the summer preceding the course. First Term. 2 units. 6 (/) History of Plant Pathology:—A lecture course dealing with the history of the science of Plant Pathology from ancient times to the present. Text-book:—Whetzel, An Outline of the History of Phytopathology, Saunders. Prerequisite:—Botany 6 (a) or 6 (c). One lecture per week. Second Term. y2 unit. 7. Plant Ecology. 7 (a) Forest Ecology and Geography:—The inter-relations of forest trees and their environment; the biological characteristics of important forest trees; forest associations; types and regions; physiography. Text-book:—M. E. Hardy, The Geography of Plants, Oxford University Press. Prerequisite:—Botany 1. One lecture and one period of field and practical work per week. First Term. 1 unit. Evening and Short Courses in Botany A Course in General Botany, comprising approximately fifty lectures, is open to all interested in the study of plant life Chemistry 89 of the Province. No entrance examination and no previous knowledge of the subject is required. The course is designed to assist teachers, gardeners, foresters, and other lovers of outdoor life in the Province. As far as possible, illustrative material will be selected from the flora of British Columbia. The classes meet every Tuesday evening during the University session (Sept.-May) from 7.30 to 9.30 p.m. Field or laboratory work, under direction, is regarded as a regular part of the course. No examination is required except in the case of University students desiring credit (two units) for this course. Other students desiring to ascertain their standing in the class may apply for a written test. A detailed statement of requirements, and work covered in this course, is issued as a separate circular. Copies may be had on request. Department of Chemistry Professor: E. H. Archibald. Professor of Organic Chemistry: R. H. Clark. Associate Professor: W. F. Seyer. Assistant Professor: M. J. Marshall. Assistant Professor: J. Allen Harris. Instructor: John Allardyce. Lecturer: M. Neal Carter. Assistant: R. W. Ball. Assistant: D. F. Stedman. Assistant: A. P. Gallaugher. Assistant: R. H. Ball. 1. General Chemistry.—This course is arranged to give a full exposition of the general principles involved in modern Chemistry and comprises a systematic study of the properties of the more important metallic and non-metallic elements and their compounds, and the application of Chemistry in technology. Text-book:—Byers, Inorganic Chemistry, Scribners. Three lectures and three hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 2. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. 90 Faculty op Arts and Science (a) Qualitative Analysis. — One lecture and six hours laboratory per week throughout the First Term. (During the first six weeks of the term an additional lecture may be substituted for a part of the laboratory work.) (6) Quantitative Analysis.—This course embraces the more important methods of gravimetric and volumetric analysis. Text-books:—A. A. Noyes, Qualitative Analysis, Macmillan; Cumming & Kay, Quantitative Analysis, Gurney & Jackson. Prerequisite:—Chemistry 1. One lecture and six hours laboratory per week. Second Term, 3 units. Course (b) must be preceded by Course (a). 3. Organic Chemistry.—This introduction to the study of the compounds of carbon will include the methods of preparation and a description of the more important groups of compounds in both the fatty and the aromatic series. Chemistry 3 will only be given to those students taking Chemistry 2, or those who have had the equivalent of Chemistry 2. Books recommended:—Holleman-Walker, Text-book of Organic Chemistry, Wiley; Gatterman, The Practical Methods of Organic Chemistry, Macmillan. Two lectures and three hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 4. Theoretical Chemistry.—An introductory course on the development of modern Chemistry, including osmotic phenomena, the ionization theory, the law of mass action, and the phase rule. Text-book:—James Walker, Introduction to Physical Chemistry, Macmillan. Prerequisite:—Chemistry 2. Two lectures and three hours laboratory per week. Second Term. iy2 units. 5. Advanced Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. (a) Qualitative Analysis.—The work of this course will include the detection and separation of the less common metals, particularly those that are important industrially, together with the analysis of somewhat complex substances occurring in nature. Chemistry 91 One lecture and six hours laboratory per week. First Term. (6) Quantitative Analysis.—The determinations made will include the more difficult estimations in the analysis of rocks, as well as certain constituents of steel and alloys. The principles on which analytical chemistry is based will receive a more minute consideration than was possible in the elementary course. Prerequisite:—Chemistry 2. One lecture and six hours laboratory per week. Second Term. 3 units. 6. Industrial Chemistry.—Those industries, which are dependent on the facts and principles of Chemistry, will be considered in as much detail as time will permit. The lectures will be supplemented by visits to manufacturing establishments in the neighbourhood, and it is hoped that some lectures will be given by specialists in their respective fields. Prerequisites:—Chemistry 2 and 3. Two lectures per week. 2 units. 7. Physical Chemistry.—The lectures, which are a continuation of those given in 4, include the kinetic theory of gases, thermo-chemistry, the application of the principles of thermodynamics to chemistry, osmotic phenomena, applications of the dissociation theory, colloidal solutions, and a study of the physical properties of gases, liquids, and solids and of their chemical constitutions. Text-books: — Findlay, Physico-Chemical Measurements, Longmans. For reference:—Ramsay's Series of Books on Physical Chemistry, Longmans. Getman, Theoretical Chemistry, Wiley. Prerequisites:—Chemistry 2, 3 and '4. Two lectures and three hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 8. Electro-Chemistry. — Solutions are studied from the standpoint of the osmotic and the dissociation theories. The laws of electrolysis, electroplating, electromotive force, primary and secondary cells are considered in some detail. For reference:—Le Blanc, Elements of Electro-Chemistry, Macmillan; Creighton-Fink, Theoretical Electro-Chemistry, 92 Faculty op Arts and Science Vol. I, John Wiley & Sons; Allmand, Applied Electro-Chemistry, Longmans, Green. Prerequisite:—Chemistry 4. Three lectures and three hours laboratory per week. First Term. 2 units. 9. Advanced Organic Chemistry.—Important organic reactions will be discussed. The Carbohydrates, Proteins, Enzyme Action, Terpenes and Alkaloids will be studied in more or less detail. In the laboratory some complex compounds will be prepared and quantitative determinations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and the halogens made with the view of identifying organic compounds. For reference:—Cohen, Organic Chemistry, Arnold. Prerequisites:—Chemistry 2 and 3. Two lectures and three hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 10. History of Chemistry.—Particular attention will be paid to the development of chemical theory. For reference:—Von Meyer-McGowan, History of Chemistry, Macmillan. Prerequisites:—-Chemistry 2, 3, and 4. Two hours a week. Second Term. 1 unit. 11. Stereochemistry.—Stereochemical theories will be discussed in greater detail than in Chemistry 9, and chemical and physico-chemical methods employed in determining the constitution of organic compounds will be studied. The lectures may be taken without the laboratory work. Prerequisites:—Chemistry 7 and 9. Lectures: 2 units. Laboratory, three hours per week. 3 units. 12. Colloid Chemistry.—The Chemistry of colloids and the application of colloidal chemistry to industry. For reference:—Bogue, Colloidal Behaviour, Vol. I and II, McGraw-Hill; Freundlich, Colloid Chemistry, Methuen; Reports on Colloid Chemistry by British Association for Advancement of Science. Prerequisites:—Chemistry 3 and 4. Two hours a week. First Term. 1 unit. Classics 93 14. Organic Agricultural. Chemistry.—An introduction to the compounds of carbon, with special applications to problems in agriculture. The laboratory work will be adapted to the needs of the individual student. Prerequisite:—Chemistry 2. Two lectures and three hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 15. Dairy Chemistry.—The chemistry of the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins will be discussed in outline, and the chemical processes involved in enzyme action and fermentation will receive consideration. Text-book:—Chamberlain, Agricultural Chemistry, Macmillan. Prerequisites:—Chemistry 2 and 3. One lecture and three hours laboratory per week. 2 units. 17. Chemical Thermodynamics.—Derivation of fundamental equations and application to the gas laws, theory of solutions, chemical equilibrium, electrochemistry and capillarity. Stud;, of the quantum theory and the Nernst heat theorem. Text-book:—Saekur, Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics, Macmillan. Reference:—Lewis & Randall, Principles of Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill. Prerequisite:—Chemistry 7. Two lectures per week. Second Term. 1 unit. 18. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.—A more detailed treatment of the chemistry of the metals than is possible in Chemistry 1, together with the chemistry of the Rare Elements. Prerequisite—Chemistry 2 and 4. Three lectures per week. 3 units. Department of Classics Professor: Lemuel Robertson. Professor of Greek: O. J. Todd. Associate Professor: H. T. Logan. Assistant: H. A. Thompson. Greek Beginners' Greek.—White, First Greek Book, Chap. I- XLVIII; Copp, Clark. Four hours a week. Mr. Thompson. 3 units. 94 Faculty op Arts and Science 1. Lectures.—White, First Greek Book, Chap. XLIX- LXXX. Xenophon, Anabasis I and IV, Goodwin and White, Ginn. History.—Shuckburgh, History of Greece, Chap. I-V, Unwin. Four hours a week. Mr. Logan. 3 units. 2. Lectures.—Plato, Apology, Dyer-Seymour, Ginn; Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, Wecklein-Allen, Ginn. Composition—Arnold's Greek Prose Composition, Abbott, Longmans. Selected passages will occasionally be set for Unseen Translation. History.—Shuckburgh, History of Greece, Chap. VI-X, Unwin. Four hours a week. Mr. Todd, Mr. Logan. 3 units. 3. Lectures.—Thucydides, History, Book VII, Marchant, Macmillan; Sophocles, Antigone, Jebb and Shuckburgh, Cambridge; Euripides, Heracles, Byrde, Oxford. Literature.—Wright, A Short History of Greek Literature, American Book Company. | * Three hours a week. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 5. Lectures.—Homer, Iliad (Selections), Monro, Iliad, 2 Vols., Oxford; Demosthenes, Third Olynthiac, First and Third Philippics, Butcher, Oxford (Vol. I.). Literature.—Wright, A Short History of Greek Literature, American Book Company. Three hours a week. Mr. Robertson, Mr. Todd. 3 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 6. Lectures. — Herodotus, History, Hude, Oxford (the equivalent of one book will be read); Lysias, Orations (Selections), Hude, Oxford; Aristophanes, The Birds, Hall and Geldart, Oxford. (Open only to those who have taken or are taking Greek 3 or 5.) Three hours a week. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) Classics 95 7. Lectures.—Aristotle, Ars Poetica, Bywater, Oxford; Plato, The Republic (Selections), Burnet, Oxford. (Open only to those who have taken or are taking Greek 3 or 5.) Three hours a week. Mr. Todd, Mr. Logan. 3 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 8. Composition.—Obligatory for Honour students; to be taken in both Third and Fourth Years. One hour a week. Mr. Todd. 1 unit. 10. Greek Literature in English Translation.—A survey of Greek literary history from Homer to Lucian, with reading and interpretation of selected works from the most important authors. Knowledge of Greek is not prerequisite. Members of the course will provide themselves with the following books: Aeschylus, translated by Campbell (Oxford); Sophoeles, translated by Campbell (Oxford); Euripides, Medea and Alcestis, translated by Murray (Allen and Unwin); Austo- phanes, translated by Frere, Vol. I (Dutton). Two hours a week. Mr. Todd. 2 units. For those who wish to extend the work to 3 units additional reading will be provided. Latin 1. Lectures.—Cicero, De Senectute, Shuckburgh-Egbert, Macmillan, N. Y.; Ovid, Elegiac Selections, Smith, Bell. Composition.—Bradley, Arnold's Latin Prose Composition, Longmans, to exercise 19. History.—Boak, A History of Rome to 565 A.D., Macmillan, chapters 1 to 13. Three hours a week. 3 units. Mr. Robertson, Mr. Todd, Mr. Thompson. A fourth hour a week will be devoted to lectures on the Roman History prescribed. Attendance at these lectures is voluntary and no formal credit is given. 96 Faculty op Arts and Science 2. Lectures.—Virgil, Aeneid, Bk. VI, Page, Macmillan; Cicero, Pro Archia, Nail, Macmillan; Horace Odes II, Page, Macmillan. History.—Boak, A History of Rome to 565 A.D., Macmillan, chapters 14 to 20. Three hours a week. Mr. Robertson, Mr. Logan. 3 units. A fourth hour a week will be devoted to lectures on the Roman History prescribed. Attendance at these lectures is voluntary and no formal credit is given. 3. Lectures.—Terence, Phormio, Sloman, Oxford; Virgil, Aeneid, Page, Macmillan. Literature:—Duff, Writers of Rome, Oxford. Three hours a week. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 4. Lectures.—Horace, Epistles, Wilkins, Macmillan; Cicero, Selected Letters, Pritchard & Bernard, Oxford. Literature: Duff, Writers of Rome, Oxford. Three hours a week. Mr. Logan, Mr. Robertson. 3 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 5. Lectures.—Juvenal, Satires, Duff, Cambridge; Seneca, Select Letters, Summers, Macmillan. (Open only to those who have taken or are taking, Latin 3 or 4.) Three hours a week. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 6. Lectures.—Tacitus, Histories I, II, Godley, Macmillan; Garrod, Oxford Book of Latin Verse (Selections), Oxford. (Open only to those who have taken or are taking Latin 3 or 4.) Three hours a week. Mr. Robertson, Mr. Todd.' 3 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 7. Lectures.—Roman History from 133 B.C. to 180 A.D. Text-books: A Short History of the Roman Republic, Heit- land, Cambridge; A History of the Roman Empire, Bury, Murray. Three hours a week. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) Economics 97 8. Composition.—Obligatory for Honour students; to be taken in both Third and Fourth Years. One hour a week. Mr. Todd. 1 unit. Department of Economics, Sociology and Political Science Professor: Theodore H. Boggs. Associate Professor: H. F. Angus. Assistant Professor: S. E. Beckett. Lecturer: N. A. Robertson. Assistant: George Allen. Assistant: Doris Lee. Economics 1. Principles of Economics.—An introductory study of general economic theory, including a survey of the principles of value, prices, money and banking, international trade, tariffs, monopoly, taxation, labour and wages, socialism, the control of railways and trusts, etc. Fairchild, Furniss, Buck, Elementary Economics, Macmillan; The Canada Year Book, 1926. Economics 1 is the prerequisite for all other courses in the department, but may be taken concurrently with Economics 2, or Government 1. This rule may be waived in the case of students of the Department of Nursing who may find it impossible to take both Economics 1 and Sociology 1. Three hours a week. 3 units. 2. History of Economic Life and Economic Thought.—a brief outline of Economic Thought, and of Economic and Social conditions in England previous to 1776. A survey of the more important phases of European Organization from the time of the Middle Ages, with special reference to the Industrial Revolution, the Progress of Agriculture, and resultant social conditions. The development of modern Economic Thought, with a study of the influence of Smith, Malthus, Ricardo, Mill and others, and the place of the Deductive and Historical Methods. Toynbee, The Industrial Revolution, Longmans. Marshall 98 Faculty op Arts and Science and Lyon, Our Economic Organization, Macmillan; and assigned readings. Three hours a week. Mr. Beckett. 3 units 3. Labour Problems and Social Reform.—A study of the rise of the factory system and capitalistic production, and of the more important phases of trade unionism in England, Canada, and the United States. A critical analysis of various solutions of the labour problem attempted and proposed; profit-sharing, co-operation, arbitration and conciliation, scientific management, labour legislation and socialism. Hoxie, Trade Unionism in the United States, Appleton. Cole, Guild Socialism, Stokes. Carpenter, Guild Socialism, Appleton. Simkhovitch, Marxism versus Socialism, Williams & Norgate; and assigned readings. Three hours a week. Mr. Boggs. 3 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 4. Money and Banking.—The origin and development of money. Banking principles and operations, laws of coinage, credit, price movements, foreign exchange. Banking policy in the leading countries, with particular reference to Canada. Robertson, Money, Nisbet. Foster and Catchings, Money, Houghton Mifflin. Dunbar, Theory and History of Banking, Putnam, 1917. Phillips, Readings in Money and Banking, Macmillan; and assigned readings. Three hours a week. Mr. Boggs. 3 units. 5. Government Finance.—An outline course dealing with the principles and methods of taxation, and administration of public funds. Topics examined include: growth of taxation methods; theories of justice in taxation; classification, increase, economic effects, and control of expenditures; property, business, personal, commodity, and inheritance taxes, with reference to Canada, Britain and other countries; the single tax; double taxation; shifting, incidence and economic effects of taxation; flotation, administration, conversion and redemption of government loans. Economics 99 Lutz, Public Finance, Appleton, 1924; and assigned readings. Three hours a week. Mr. Beckett. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 6. International Trade and Tariff Policy.—A survey of the theory of international trade and the foreign exchanges; and a study of the commercial policy of the leading countries, with considerable attention to the British Dominions. Bastable, The Theory of International Trade, Macmillan, 1903. Taussig, Selected Readings in International Trade and Tariff Problems, Ginn; and assigned readings. Three hours a week. Mr. Boggs. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 7. Corporation Economics.—Historical development of tht different forms of industrial organization, including the partnership, joint-stock company, and the corporation, and the later developments, such as the pool, trust, combination, and holding company. Methods of promotion and financing, over-capitalization, stock market activities, the public policy toward corpora- * tions, etc. Readings to be assigned. Three hours a week. Mr. Angus. 3 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 8. Provincial and Local Finance. — A brief summary of fundamental principles of taxation. Sources of revenue, and tax systems of federal, and provincial and municipal governments, especially of British Columbia. Problems of War Finance. Chief problems of provincial and municipal finance and administration. Separation of sources of provincial and municipal revenues. Methods of municipal supervision and control. Government debts. Assigned readings. Three hours a week. Mr. Beckett. 3 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 100 Faculty op Arts and Science Agricultural Economics 1. Agricultural Economics.—The principles of Economics as applied to Agriculture; historical background, the agricultural problem; and some special topics, such as the agricultural surplus, production in relation to population growth, the farm income, and the share of Agriculture in the national income. Taylor, Agricultural Economics, Macmillan. References and assigned readings from Gray, Carver, Nourse, and others. Three lectures per week. Mr. Clement. 3 units. 2. Marketing.—The principles of Marketing as applied to the individual farttn and to Agriculture as a whole. The general principles of Marketing, the marketing of agricultural products as compared to wholesale and retail distribution of manufactured goods, the contributions of national Farmer Movements, co-operative marketing as illustrated by the marketing of wheat, fruit and milk in Canada. Brown, Marketing, Harper and Brothers; Mackintosh, Agricultural Co-operation in Western Canada, Ryerson Press, Toronto; references and assigned readings from Macklin, Hib- bard, Boyle, Benton, and others. Three lectures per week. Mr. Clement. 3 units. Government 1. Constitutional Government.—This course deals with the nature, origin, and aims of the State; and with the organization of government in the British Empire, the United States of America, France, and Germany. Readings to be assigned. Three hours a week. Mr. Angus. 3 units. 2. Introduction to the Study of Law.—(a) A rapid survey of Legal History, (b) Outlines of Jurisprudence. Readings to be assigned. Three hours a week. Mr. Angus. 3 units. 3. Imperial Problems.—A course on problems of govern- Education 101 ment within the British Empire, to be given in alternate years with Economics 7. Readings to be assigned. Government 1 is a prerequisite of this course, but may be taken concurrently with it. Three hours a week. Mr. Angus. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) Sociology 1. Principles of Sociology.—An introductory study of early man and his relation to his environment; of races of men and their distribution; of the early forms and development of industrial organization, marriage and the family, arts and sciences, religious systems, government, classes, rights, etc. A review also of certain of the social problems of modern society growing out of destitution, crime, overcrowding, etc. A critical survey of schemes for betterment. Blackmar & Gillin, Outlines of Sociology, Macmillan. Beach, An Introduction to Sociology and Social Problems, Houghton- Mifflin Company. Three hours a week. Mr. Beckett. 3 units. Department of Education Professor: G. M. Weir. Assistant Professor: Jennie Benson Wyman. Special Lecturer: H. T. J. Coleman. Lecturers in High School Methods: the following Heads of Depart- . ments: E. H. Archibald, H. Ashton, D. Buchanan, T. C. Hebb, L. Robertson, W. N. Sage (Acting Head), G. G. Sedgewick, also W. K. Beech and C. H. Scott of the Vancouver School staff. Lecturers in Elementary School Methods: A. Anstey, A. R. Lord, F. W. Dyke, C. H. Scott, R, Straight, Miss E. J. Trembath. Courses in Education Teacher Training Course 1. Explanatory Statement At the request of the Provincial Department of Education, the University undertook, in September, 1923, the direction of the professional training of candidates for the Academic Certificate. 102 Faculty op Arts and Science Courses in elementary methods and in the special subjects of the elementary school curriculum were provided in the Provincial Normal School, and facilities for practice teaching were furnished through the kindness of the Vancouver School Board and the Principal and Staff of the King Edward High School. These courses were open only to University graduates, and the original registration was 55. The Dean of Arts and Science acted as provisional director and lecturer in the History and Principles of Education and in Educational Psychology. In November, 1923, Dr. George M. Weir, Principal of the Provincial Normal School, Saskatoon, Sask., was appointed Professor of Education and Director of Teacher Training, and assumed the duties of his office January 1, 1924. Lecturers on Methods in High School subjects were appointed from the University staff. 2. Registration Documentary evidence of graduation in Arts or Science from a recognized university must be submitted to the University Registrar by all candidates other than graduates of The University of British Columbia. All correspondence in connection with the Teacher Training course should be addressed to the University Registrar, from whom registration cards may be procured. 3. Certificates and Standing At the close of the University session, successful candidates in the Teacher Training Course will be recommended to the Provincial Department of Education for the Academic Certificate, and to the Faculty of Arts and Science for the University Diploma in Education. Successful candidates will be graded as follows: First Class, an average of 80 per cent, or over; Second Class, 65 to 80 per cent.; Passed, 50 to 65 per cent. All students registered in the Teacher Training Course at the University are entitled to the privileges accorded to students in the various Faculties, and are also subject to the regulations of the University regarding discipline and attendance at lectures. Education 103 First or Second Class standing in History and Principles of Education and in Educational Psychology of the Teacher Training Course is accepted as equivalent to a Minor for an M.A. degree, subject in each case to the consent of the Head of the Department in which the student wishes to Major. 4. Preparatory Courses in Arts and Science After 1928 candidates admitted to Courses in High School Methods will be required to have taken the equivalent of a minor (6 units) in the corresponding pass courses of undergraduate work. Students in the Teacher Training Course will find it to their advantage to have taken at least one class in Psychology during their undergraduate course. 5. Courses Offered A. Throughout the University Session. (1) Educational Psychology: Text: Gates, Psychology for Students of Education, Macmillan. References: Pillsbury, Education as a Psychologist Sees It, Macmillan; Thomson, Instinct, Intelligence and Character, Longman; Burnham, The Normal Mind, Appleton. Prerequisite: Philosophy 1, or its equivalent—obligatory from 1929. (2) School Administration and Law: Texts: Sears, Classroom Organization and Control, Houghton Mifflin. Manual of School Law, British Columbia. References: Cubberley, Public School Administration, Houghton, Mifflin; Cubberley, The Principal and His School, Houghton, Mifflin; Perry, The Management of a City School, Macmillan (Revised Edition) ; Davis, Junior High School Education, World Book Company; Johnson, Administration and Supervision of the High School, Ginn & Co.; Report of the School Survey Commission, British Columbia; assigned readings. 104 Faculty op Arts and Science (3) History and Principles of Education: (a) Educational leaders and movements with special reference to the period since 1800. (b) Educational systems:—Canada with special reference to British Columbia; England; France; Germany ; the United States. Texts: Cubberley, A Brief History of Education, Houghton Mifflin. Chapman and Counts, Principles of Education, Houghton Mifflin. References: Birchenough, History of Elementary Education in England and Wales, University Tutorial Press; Sandiford, Comparative Education, J. M. Dent; Balfour, Educational Systems of Great Britain and Ireland, Oxford ; Farrington, Public Primary School System of France, Columbia University; Kandel, The Reform of Secondary Education in France, Columbia University; Alexander, The Prussian Elementary Schools, Macmillan; Kandel, Twenty- five Years of American Education, Macmillan; Cubberley, Readings in the History of Education, Houghton Mifflin. (4) Educational Tests, Measurements and Statistics: Text: Hines, A Guide to Educational Measurements, Houghton Mifflin. References: Pintner, Intelligence Testing, Holt; Monroe, DeVoss and Kelly, Educational Measurements, Houghton Mifflin; Williams, Graphic Methods in Education, Houghton Mifflin; Otis, Statistical Measurement, World Book Co.; Ruch, Improvement of the Written Examination, Scott Foresman & Co. The above courses are obligatory for all students. B. During the Fall Term. (1) Psychology of the Elementary School Subjects: Texts: Freeman, The Psychology of the Common Branches, Houghton Mifflin; Stone, Silent and Oral Reading, Houghton Mifflin. English 105 References: Stormzand, Progressive Methods of Teaching, Houghton Mifflin; Charters, Teaching the Common Branches, Houghton Mifflin. Assigned readings from the Year Books and Educational Journals. (2) Methods in Elementary School Subjects: Assigned Readings. The above courses are obligatory for all students. C. During the Spring Term. (1) Methods in High School Subjects: Text: Judd, Psychology of High School Subjects, Ginn & Co. References: Parker, Methods of Teaching in High Schools, Ginn & Co. \ Assigned readings. Three (3) courses are prescribed (two obligatory and one optional). Nine hours a week. 6. Observation Assignments and Practice Teaching 1. Fall Term: At least forty (40) hours in the elementary schools of the Province. Obligatory for all students. 2. Spring Term: At least sixty (60) hours in the high schools of the Province. Obligatory for all students. Department of English Professor: G. G. Sedgewick. Associate Professor: W. L. MacDonald. Associate Professor: F. G. C. Wood. Associate Professor: Thorleif Larsen. Assistant Professor: F. C. Walker. Assistant Professor: M. L. Bollert. Assistant Professor: Frank H. Wilcox. Assistant: Sallee Murphy. Assistant: Dorothy Wroughton. First Year 1. (o) Literature. — Elementary study of a number of 106 Faculty op Arts and Science literary forms to be chosen from the short story, the play, the novel, the essay, the simpler sorts of poetry. Texts for 1927-28: Hastings, Clough and Mason, Short Stories, Houghton Mifflin. Euripides, Bacchae, in Gilbert Murray's paraphrase. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar. Sheridan, The School for Scandal, Everyman. Ibsen, The Doll's House, Everyman. An Anthology of Modern Verse, Methuen. Two hours a week. (6) Composition. — Elementary forms and principles of composition. Two hours a week. 3 units. The work in composition consists of (i) themes and class exercises, and (ii) of written examinations. Students will be required to make a passing mark in each of these two parts of the work. Second Year 2. (a) Literature. — Studies in the history of English Literature. Lectures and texts illustrative of the chief authors and movements from Tottel's Miscellany to Shelley. Neilson and Thorndike, A History of English Literature, Macmillan. Century Readings in English, ed. Cunliffe, Century Publishing Co. Two hours a week. (b) Composition.—Narrative and descriptive themes; the writing of reports. One hour a week. 3 units. (c) Literature.—Readings from Nineteenth Century poetry since 1830. For this course, which is intended for prospective Honour students in English and for others especially interested in the study of Literature, no formal credit is given. One hour a week. Third and Fourth Years The curriculum in English for students of the Third and Fourth Years is arranged in three divisions. The first includes a English 107 central body of general courses which will be offered, as far as possible, every year, and to each of which are assigned 3 units of credit. In the second division are listed courses carrying 2 units of credit and usually given in alternate years. And the third consists of courses designed especially for Honour and Graduate students, and open to others only by special permission. Candidates for honours are referred to Page 111. Division I 9. Shakespeare.—This course may be taken for credit in two successive years. In 1927-28, 9 (a) will be given as follows: i. A detailed study of the text of Romeo and Jxdiet, Henry TV, Part I, Hamlet, The Tempest. ii. Lectures on Shakespeare's development, on his use of sources, and on his relation to the stage and the dramatic practice of his time. Students will provide themselves with annotated editions of the four plays named above, and with The Facts about Shakespeare, by Neilson and Thorndike, Macmillan. They are advised to get the Cambridge Shakespeare, ed. Neilson, or the Oxford Shakespeare, ed. Craig. Three hours a week. Mr. Sedgewick. 3 units. 9 (b). (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 10. The Drama to 1642.—The course begins with a study of the Theban plays of Sophocles and of Aristotle's Theory of Tragedy. The main subject of the course, however, is Elizabethan Drama: (1) its beginnings in the Miracle and Morality Plays and in the Interludes; (2) its development in Shakespeare's predecessors—Lyly, Peele, Greene, Kyd, and Marlowe; (3) its culmination in Shakespeare; (4) and its decline in Johnson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Middleton, Webster, Massinger, Shirley, and Ford. Texts:—Lewis Campbell, Sophocles in English Verse, World's Classics, Oxford. F. T. Tickner, Earlier English Drama, 108 Faculty op Arts and Science Nelson. Chief Elizabethan Dramatists, ed. Neilson. Shakespeare, ed. Craig, Oxford, or the Cambridge Shakespeare, ed. Neilson. Three hours a week. Mr. Larsen. 3 units. 13. The English Novel from Richardson to the Present Time. —The development of English fiction will be traced from Richardson, Fielding, Smollett, and Sterne through Goldsmith, Mrs. Radcliffe, Jane Austen, Scott, C. Bronte, Dickens, Thackeray, and George Eliot to Trollope, Meredith, Stevenson, and a few representative novelists now living. A fair knowledge of the works of Jane Austen, Scott, Dickens, Thackeray, and George Eliot is a prerequisite for those taking this course. Three hours a week. Mr. Wood. 3 units. 14. Eighteenth Century Literature.—This course aims to give a view, as comprehensive as possible, of the main currents of English thought and literature during the period 1660-1800. From year to year various periods will be stressed and the work of various writers emphasized. Generally speaking, the course is mainly concerned with the work of such men as Dryden, Pope, Swift, Addison, Steele, Johnson, Goldsmith, Burke and Burns. Three hours a week. Mr. MacDonald. 3 units. 16. Romantic Poetry, 1780 to 1830.—Studies in the beginnings and progress of Romanticism, based chiefly on the work of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats, Shelley, Scott. Texts: The Oxford editions of the first five poets named. For reference: Elton, A Survey of English Literature, 1780-1830. Three hours a week. Mr. Walker. 3 units. 17. Victorian Poetry.—This course is concerned chiefly with the work of Tennyson, Browning, and Arnold. A few weeks at the close of the term will be devoted to a survey of the development of later poetry down to the work of Hardy. Texts: Browning, Complete Poetical Works, Cambridge English 109 Edition. Arnold, Poems, Oxford Edition. Tennyson, Poems, Globe Edition. Page, British Poets of the Nineteenth Century, Sanborn. For reference: Elton, A Survey of English Literature, 1830-1880. Three hours a week. Mr. Wilcox. 3 units. 19. Private Reading.—Students of the Senior Year may pursue, with the consent and under the direction of the Department, a course of private reading. In such courses examinations will be set, but no class instruction will be given. 3 units. Division II 5. The Elements of Poetics.—Studies in the criticism and appreciation of poetry; the poetic frame of mind; the emotional element in poetry; poetic content and the nature of poetic truth; poetic form and its varieties; metrics; contemporary developments in poetry; literary criticism, its nature and function; and an outline of aesthetic theory from Aristotle to Croce. Exercises in criticism and metrical composition. Winchester, Principles of Literary Criticism. Two hours a week. Mr. Larsen. 2 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 6. Narrative Writing.—A study of narrative composition: (a) critical reading of a considerable number of modern short stories and of two or three modern novels; (o) frequent critical and narrative themes. Only a limited number of students will be admitted to this course. Two hours a week. Mr. Sedgewick. 2 units. (Not given in 1927-28.) 7. Technique of the Drama.—A practical study of dramatie form and structure based on the analysis of modern plays, with special reference to the one-act play as an art form. Playmaking, by Wm. Archer, and Representative One-act Plays by British and Irish Authors, Little, Brown, are the texts used in this course. Two hours a week. Mr. Wood. 2 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 110 Faculty op Arts and Science 8. English Poetry, exclusive of the Drama, from the death of Chaucer to 1649—(1) The Renaissance; (2) the Fifteenth Century; (3) the Scottish Chaucerians; (4) John Skelton and the poets of the Transition; (5) the Elizabethan Lyric; (6) the Sonneteers; (7) Spenser and the Spenserians; (8) the Jacobean Poets; (9) the Caroline Poets; (10) the Theory of Poetry throughout the period. Texts:—Ward, The English Poets, Vol. I. Spenser, ed Smith and de Selincourt, Oxford. Two hours a week. Mr. Larsen. 2 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 11. English Drama since 1600.—A survey of English drama from the time of Ben Jonson to the present. Later Elizabethan drama, representative plays of the Restoration, the works of Goldsmith, Sheridan, and of early Nineteenth Century writers will be considered. There will follow a study of some dramatists of recent years, including Wilde, Shaw, Galsworthy, Pinero, Jones, Stephen Phillips, Barrie, and the Irish School. Two hours a week. Mr. Wood. 2 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 12. Narrative Poetry. — Discussion of the types,—epic, ballad, and romance,—with readings, in suitable translations or modern versions where desirable; modern ballads and metrical romances represented by the work of Scott, Tennyson, Morris, Masefield and others. Two hours a week. Mr. MacDonald. 2 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 15. American Literature.—A survey of the principal writers of this continent during the Nineteenth Century. Texts: Broadus, A Book of Canadian Prose and Verse, Oxford. Foerster, American Prose and Poetry, Houghton, Mifflin. Two hours a week. Mr. Wilcox. 2 units. (Given in 1927-28.) English 111 18. Social, literary, religious and scientific movements of the Victorian period: Carlyle, Ruskin, Macaulay, Newman, Darwin, Mill, Arnold, Butler, Stevenson. Two hours a week. Mr. MacDonald. 2 units. (Given in 1928-29.) Division III 20. Chaucer and Middle English.— (a) Middle English grammar with the reading of representative texts. (6) The Canterbury Tales. Texts: A Middle English reader and the Oxford Chaucer, ed. Skeat. Three hours a week. Mr. Sedgewick. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 21a. Anglo-Saxon—Moore & Knott, The Elements of Old English, George Wahr. Bright, Anglo-Saxon Reader, Henry Holt. Two hours a week. Mr. Walker. 2 units. 21b. Anglo-Saxon.—Beowulf. Two hours a week after Christmas. Mr. Walker. 1 unit. 22. Studies in Linguistic History. — Origins, growth, and development of the English language. A brief introduction to Germanic philology; the Indo - European language group; Grimm's Law; the Anglo-Saxon period; Norman, French, and Latin influences; study of the gradual evolution of forms, sounds, and meanings. Two hours a week before Christmas. Mr. Walker. 1 unit. 24. Seminar.—In this class advanced students will get practice in some of the simpler methods of criticism and investigation. The subject for 1927-28 will probably be the life and work of Keats. Two hours a week. Mr. Sedgewick. 2 units. 112 Faculty op Arts and Science Department of Geology and Geography Professor: R. W. Brock. Professor of Physical and Structural Geology: S. J. Schofield. Professor of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy: M. Y. Williams. Associate Professor of Mineralogy and Petrography: T. C. Phemister. Lecturer: E. M. Burwash. Assistant: W. A. Jones. Geology 1. General Geology.—This course serves as an introduction to the science of Geology. The following subjects are treated in the lectures: (a) Physical Geology, including: weathering, the work of the wind, the work of ground water, the work of streams, the work of glaciers, the ocean and its work, the structure of the earth, earthquakes, volcanoes and igneous intrusions, metamor- phism, mountains and plateaus, and ore-deposits. Two lectures and two hours laboratory per week, First Term. Mr. Schofield. (b) Historical Geology, including: the earth before the Cambrian, the Palaeozoic, the Mesozoic, the Cenozoic, and Quaternary eras. Two lectures and two hours laboratory per week, Second Term. Mr. Williams. The Laboratory Exercises in Physical Geology include the study and identification of the commonest minerals and rocks, the interpretation of topographical and geological maps, and the study of structures by the use of models. Field Work will replace laboratory occasionally, and will take the form of excursions to localities, in the immediate neighborhood of Vancouver, which illustrate the subject matter of the lectures. The Laboratory Exercises in Historical Geology consist of the general study of fossils, their characteristics and associations, their evolution and migration as illustrated by their occurrence in the strata. The principles of Palaeogeography will be taken up and illustrated by the study of the palaeogeography of North America. Geology 113 Text-book: Pirsson and Schuchert, Introductory Geology, Wiley. Reference Books: Geikie, Text-book of Geology. Merrill, Rocks, Rock-weathering and Soils. Coleman and Parks, Elementary Geology. Shimer, Introduction to the Study of Fossils. Davis, Geographical Essays. Hugh Miller's works. 3 units. 2. (a) General Mineralogy.—A brief survey of the field of Mineralogy. Lectures take the form of a concise treatment of (1) Crystallography, (2) Physical Mineralogy, and (3) Descriptive Mineralogy of 40 of the most common mineral species, with special reference to Canadian occurrences. Laboratory Work consists of the study of the common crystal forms and of 40 prescribed minerals, accompanied by a brief outline of the principles and methods of Determinative Mineralogy and Blowpipe Analysis. Text-book: Dana, Manual of Mineralogy, revised by Ford (new edition), Wiley. (For students taking only Geology 2 (a).) Dana, Text-book of Mineralogy, revised by Ford, Wiley. (For students who subsequently take Geology 2 (6).) Prerequisite: Chemistry 1. Two lectures and two hours laboratory per week, First Term. Mr. Phemister. iy2 units. 2. (6) Descriptive and Determinative Mineralogy. — This course supplements 2(a) and consists of a more complete survey of Crystallography, Physical and Chemical Mineralogy, with a critical study of about 50 of the less common minerals, special emphasis being laid on their crystallography, origin, association and alteration. Text-book: Dana, Text-book of Mineralogy, revised by Ford, Wiley. Prerequisite: Geology 2(a). Two lectures and two hours laboratory per week, Second Term. Mr. Phemister. V/2 units. 3. Historical Geology.—Continental evolution and development of life with special reference to North America. 114 Faculty op Arts and Science Text-book: Schubert, Historical Geology, 2nd Ed., Wiley. Prerequisite: Geology 1. Three hours per week, First Term. Mr. Williams. iy2 units. 4. Structural and PhySiographical Geology.—The following subjects are treated in the lectures: Fractures, faults, flowage, structures common to both fracture and flow, mountains, major units of structure, forces of deformation, the origin and development of land forms with special reference to the physiography of British Columbia. Text-book: Leith, Structural Geology, 2nd Ed., Holt. Prerequisite: Geology 1. Three hours per week, Second Term. Mr. Schofield. ly2 units. 5. (a) History of Geology.—A brief history of the study of the earth and the development of the geological sciences. Mr. Brock. (6) Geology of Canada.—The salient features of the geology and economic minerals of Canada. Mr. Williams, Mr. Schofield, Mr. Brock. (c) Regional Geology.—The main geological features of the continents and oceanic segments of the earth's crust, and their influences upon life. Mr. Brock. Prerequisite: Geology 1. Three lectures and one hour laboratory per week. 3 units. 6. Palaeontology.—A study of invertebrate and vertebrate fossils, their classification, identification and distribution both geological and geographical. Reference books: Grabau and Shimer, North American Index Fossils. Zittel-Eastman, Text-book of Palaeontology. Prerequisite: Geology 1. Two lectures and two hours laboratory per week. Mr. Williams. 3 units. 7. Petrology.—This course consists of systematic studies of the following: (a) Optical Mineralogy, (b) Lithology and Petrogeny, (c) Microscopical Petrography. Geology 115 Lectures deal with the principles of crystal optics, and with the origin, occurrence, classification, metamorphism and decay of rocks. Laboratory Work consists of the study, determination and classification of specimens, structures and textures of rocks contained in the departmental collections. Field and microscopical methods of determination are equally stressed. Text-books: Pirsson, Rocks and Rock Minerals, Wiley. Johannsen, Essentials for the Microscopical Determination of Rockforming Minerals and Rocks, University of Chicago Press. Dana, Text-book of Mineralogy, revised by Ford, Wiley. Prerequisites: Geology 1 and 2. Two lectures and two laboratory periods of 2 hours per week. Mr. Phemister. 4 units. 8. Economic Geology.—A study of the occurrence, genesis, and structure of the principal metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits with type illustrations; and a description of the ore deposits of the British Empire, special stress being placed on those in Canada. Text-book: Emmons, General Economic Geology, McGraw- Hill. Reference books: Lindgren, Mineral Deposits. Ries, Economic Geology. Prerequisite: Geology 1. Geology 7 must precede or accompany this course. Four hours per week. Mr. Brock, Mr. Williams, Mr. Schofield, Mr. Phemister. 4 units. 9. Mineralography.—Principally a laboratory course dealing with the study and recognition of the opaque minerals by means of the reflecting microscope. The work consists of practice in the cutting, grinding and polishing of ore specimens, accompanied by training in micro- chemical methods of mineral determination. During the second term each student is assigned a suite of ores from some mining district for a critical examination and report. 116 Faculty op Arts and Science Text-book: Davy and Farnham, Microscopic Examination of the Ore Minerals, McGraw-Hill. Prerequisite: Geology 7 and 8 must precede or accompany this course. Two hours laboratory per week. Mr. Phemister. 1 unit. 10. Field Geology.—The methods taught are the fundamental ones used by professional geologists and by the officers of the Geological Survey of Canada. The course is essentially practical, and is designed to teach methods of observing, recording and correlating geological facts in the field. The students construct geological maps of selected areas in the vicinity of Vancouver which require the use of the various methods and instruments employed in field geology. Reference books: Lahee, Field Geology. Hayes, Handbook for Field Geologists. Spurr, Geology Applied to Mining. Prerequisite: Geology 1. Geology 4, if not already taken, must be taken concurrently. Three hours per week. Mr. Schofield. \y2 units. 12. Meteorology and Climatology.—A course covering in a general way the whole field, with practice in using instruments, constructing and using weather charts, and weather predicting. Two lectures and one laboratory period of two hours per week. Second Term. Mr. Schofield. \y2 units. Geography 1. Principles of Geography. — A general course dealing especially with the effects of the physical features of the earth upon life, and the ways in which various forms of life respond to their physical environment. The following topics are studied: earth relations; earth features; climate and climatic factors; oceans; materials of the land and their uses; changes of the earth's surface; coasts, plains, plateaus, mountains, inland waters, and their relations to life; human geography. Text-book: Salisbury, Barrows and Tower, Elements of Geography, Holt. Three lectures per week. Mr. Brock and Mr. Schofield. 3 units. History 117 10. Introduction to Geography.—A brief introduction to the study of modern Geography, outlining the history and content of the subject, physical geography and human geography. One lecture a week. Mr. Brock and Mr. Schofield. 1 unit. Department of History Professor: Mack Eastman. Associate Professor: W. N. Sage. Assistant Professor: F. H. Soward. Special Lecturer: H. L. Keenleyside. Assistant: Stanley Moodie. Students who intend to specialize in History are advised to associate with it from the first some allied subject, such as Economics. Economics 1, 2, 3, Government 1 and Sociology 1 will be found especially helpful. A reading knowledge of French and German will be found extremely valuable in Third and Fourth Year courses, while in certain classes of more advanced work Latin is indispensable. Hereafter, French at least will be required for Honour work. A list of books for reading and reference may be obtained from the professor in charge of each course. First and Second Years 1. Main Currents in Modern World History.—This course is intended primarily for First Year students and covers the period in World History between the French Revolution and the present day. It will include a discussion of such topics as the Balance of Power in the Eighteenth Century, the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Era, the Industrial Revolution, the Growth of Democracy in the Nineteenth Century, the Eastern Question, Nationality as a Factor in the Nineteenth Century, the Expansion of Europe, the Armed Peace (1870-1914), the Awakening of the Far East (1868-1914), the World War, the Russian Revolution, the League of Nations, Problems of the Pacific. Text-book: Schapiro, Modern and Contemporary European 118 Faculty op Arts and Science History, Houghton, Mifflin Co., revised edition, or Carleton Hayes, Political and Social History of Modern Europe, Vol. II, 1815-1924. Macmillan. Three hours a week. Mr. Soward. 3 units. 2. Canadian History. — This course opens with a brief analysis of the reasons for European colonization of America and a sketch of the colonial effort of Spain, France and Great Britain. In the French regime, exploration, the development of government, the conflict of church and state, and the struggle with Great Britain for the West are studied. In the British period, the relations of the French and English and the evolution of Canadian self-government are given special attention. On the colonization of America and the history of New France, students are especially advised to consult: Ramsay Muir, Expansion of Europe; Abbott, Expansion of Europe; the works of Francis Parkman; Munro, Crusaders of New France; Fiske, New France and New England; Eastman, Church and State in Early Canada; Lucas, History of Canada, Vol. I, New France; Wrong, Conquest of New France. On the British Period: Skelton, The Canadian Dominion, Life and Letters of Sir Wilrfid Laurier; Keenleyside, Notes on Canadian History; Egerton, History of Canada, Part II, 1763- 1921; Kennedy, The Constitution of Canada, Documents of the Canadian Constitution, 1759-1915; Bracq, Evolution of French Canada; Morison, British Supremacy and Canadian Self-government; Trotter, Federation of Canada; Wallace, Sir John Macdonald; Dafoe, Laurier. An essay counting 10% of the year's work must be submitted early in the autumn term. Subject, The Causes of European Expansion; Religion in New France and in New England; The Ethnic Origins of the Canadian people. Three hours a week. Mr. Keenleyside. 3 units. 3. English History. — The history of England from the Norman Conquest to the Revolution of 1688. This course is intended primarily for Second Year students who mean to History 119 specialize in history. It aims at interpreting the constitutional, political, economic, and religious development of England and Wales during the period prescribed. Attention will also be paid to the history of Scotland and Ireland and the origin of Overseas Britain. The sequel to this course is History 8. Text-book: Muir, A Short History of the British Commonwealth, Vol. I. A preliminary essay counting 10 per cent, of the year's work must be handed in as soon as possible after the opening of the autumn term. Subject: The Chief Contributions of the Normans to the Development of the English people, or Feudalism in England, or The Rise of the English Towns. Three hours a week. Mr. Sage.> 3 units. Third and Fourth Years History 4, 5 and 6 are intended especially for Third Year students, History 7 and 8 for Fourth Year. History 4 (or 5) must be taken by all candidates for Honours. All Honour students (whether in History alone or in a Combination Course) must take a History Seminar of one hour a week in either their Third or their Fourth Year. The Seminar is intended as training in intensive work and carries no credits. If the Graduating Essay be written in History, it will carry a value of 3 units. 4. Mediaeval History.—A sketch of Mediaeval History from the Council of Nicaea to the Fall of Constantinople, 325-1453 A.D. The following subjects will be treated: the triumph of Christianity; the breakdown of the Western Roman Empire; the Barbarian Invasions; the earlier monastic movements; Mohammed and Islam; the rise of the Papacy; the Franks and Charlemagne; the struggle between Empire and Papacy; the Normans in Europe; the Crusades; the Mediaeval Towns; the later monastic movements; the rise of the universities; Frederick II; the later Mediaeval Empire; the National Kingdoms in France, Spain, England and Scotland; the Turks and the collapse of the Byzantine Empire. 120 Faculty op Arts and Science Text-book: Thorndike, A History of Mediaeval Europe, Houghton Mifflin. Additional text-books for Honour students: Oman, The Dark Ages. Tout, Empire and Papacy. Lodge, The Close of the Middle Ages. Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire. A preliminary essay, counting 15 per cent, of the year's work, must be handed in as soon as possible after the opening of the autumn term. Subject: The Causes of the Downfall of the Western Roman Empire, or St. Benedict and Western Monasticism, or The Rise of the Frankish Empire. Three hours a week. Mr. Sage. 3 units. 5. Renaissance and Reformation.—Mediaeval civilization in the time of Dante; the forerunners of the Renaissance; the Renaissance in Italy (illustrated with slides); the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reaction; in conclusion, a short account of the subsequent history of religious thought down to our own times. An introductory essay, counting 15 per cent, of the year's work, must be handed in early in the autumn term. Subject: The Nature of the Universe and of Man in Mediaeval Thought, or The Rise of the Critical Spirit 1200-1520 or The Beginning of National Literature. Text-books: W. H. Hudson, The Story of the Renaissance. Fisher, The Reformation. McGiffert, Martin Luther. Additional reading, especially for Honour students: Sichel, The Renaissance. Taylor, Some Aspects of the Renaissance. Symonds, A Short History of the Renaissance in Italy. Symonds, The Renaissance in Italy. Burckhardt, The Renaissance in Italy, Andre Michel, Histoire de I'Art (III, IV). Christopher Hare, Life and Letters in the Italian Renaissance. Preserved Smith, Erasmus. Emerton, Erasmus. Allen, The Age of Erasmus. Three hours a week. Not given 1927-28. 3 units. 6. The Age of Louis XIV, the Pre-Revolution, the Revolution and Napoleon. Historv 121 The break-up of the medieval system, the evolution of modern intellectual and material conditions, and the effect of the revolutionary spirit. An introductory essay, counting 15 per cent, of the year's work, must be handed in early in the autumn term. Subject: The Rise of the Middle Class Before 1643. Social Standards and Customs in the Reign of Louis XIV. Text-books: Lowell, The Eve of the French Revolution. Shailer Matthews, The French Revolution. Johnston, Napoleon. Additional reading required of Honour students: Taine, L'ancien regime (abridged), Heath. Aulard, The French Revolution. Lacour-Gayet, Napoleon, or Rose, Napoleon. Fisher, Bonapartism. Tilley, Modern France. Abbott, Expansion of Europe. Three hours a week. Mr. Keenleyside. 3 units. 7. Europe, 1815-1919.—The political, social and economic history of the chief countries of continental Europe, with especial attention to international relations. Intended for Fourth Year students. An introductory essay, counting 15 per cent, of the year's work, must be handed in early in the autumn term. Subject: Geographic Factors in the European History of the 19th Century, or The Growth of Internationalism, 1815-1914. Text-book: Hazen, Europe Since 1815. Additional reading required of Honour students: Gooch, History of Modern Europe, 1878-1919. Fueter, World History, 1815-1920. Moon, Imperialism and World Politics. Reading and reference: Cambridge Modern History. Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generate. Moon, Syllabus of International Relations. Buell, International Relations. Tilley, France. Mowat, A History of European Diplomacy, 1815-1914. Rambaud, Histoire de la Civilization Francaise. Grant Robertson, Bismarck. Thayer, Cavour. Fairgrieve, Geography and World Poiver. Marvin, Century of Hope and The Unity Series. Gooch, Germany. Makeef, Russia. Huddleston, France. Toynbee, Turney. Toynbee, The Balkans. Three hours a week. Mr. Soward. 3 units. 122 Faculty op Arts and Science 8. Great Britain Since 1688. The British Empire — This course aims at an interpretation of the constitutional, political, economic and religious development of the British Isles since the Revolution of 1688. Attention will also be paid to the growth of the British Empire during the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This course is the sequel to History 3. Text-book: Muir, Short History of the British Commonwealth, Vol. II. Additional reading required of Honour students: Grant Robertson, England under the Hanoverians. Slater, The Making of Modern England. Trevelyan, British History in the Nineteenth Century. For reading and reference: Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy. Poole and Hunt, The Political History of England (Vols. VIII-XII). Cambridge Modern History (Vols. V-XII). Toynbee, The Industrial Revolution. Egerton, A Short History of British Colonial Policy. Basil Williams, Life of Chatham. Morley, Life of Gladstone. Moneypenny and Buckle, Life of Disraeli. Howard Robinson, The Development of the British Empire. A preliminary essay, counting 15 per cent, of the year's Work, must be handed in early in the autumn. Subject: Sir Robert' Walpole, or The Irish Question in the Eighteenth Century, or The Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution. Three hours a week. Mr. Sage. ' 3 units. 9. History of the United States of America.—This course begins with a sketch of the American colonies at the outbreak of the Revolution and traces the history of the United States from the commencement of the War of Independence to the close of the World War. Text-book: Muzzey, The United States of America, Ginn. Additional reading required for Honour students: Dealey, Foreign Policies of the United States, Ginn. Malin, Interpretations of Recent American History, Century. An essay, counting 15 per cent, of the year's work, must be handed in early in the autumn. Subject: Washington and Ma r hematics 123 Jackson, A Comparison and Contrast, or The Growth of Nationalism in the United States, 1776-1826. Mr. Soward. 3 units. 10. An Outline of the Social History of the Western World.—The origin of man, pre-literary history, and a discussion of those social developments which have contributed most to the evolution of modern society in the western world. The course will include such topics as inventions, forms of social groupings, changing standards of conduct, the results of exploration, and the development of modern industry and thought. An introductory essay counting 15 per cent, of the year's work must be handed in early in the fall term. Subject: Egyptian Religion, Life Among the Cromagnons, Babylonian Commerce. \ " Text-books: Barnes, An Outline of the Social History of the Western World. Breasted, Ancient Times. Abbott, The Expansion of Europe. Additional reading required of Honour students: Dickinson, The Greek View of Life. Boas, The Mind of Primitive Man. Fowler, Rome. Cheney, Industrial and Social History of England. Assigned readings. Three hours a week. Mr. Keenleyside. 3 units. Honour Seminar, 1927-28, to be chosen from (a) "The Origins of the World War," Mr. Soward. (b) "Problems of the Pacific," Mr. Sage, (c) "Historical Method," Mr. Keenleyside. (d) "The Writing of History," Mr. Soward. (e) "The History of British Columbia," Mr. Sage. Department of Mathematics Professor: Daniel Buchanan. Professor: F. S. Nowlan. Associate Professor: G. E. Robinson. Associate Professor: E. E. Jordan. Assistant Professor: L. Richardson. Assistant Professor: B. S. Hartley. Assistant: Walter H. Gage. Assistant: May L. Barclay. Assistant: C. Islay Johnston. Assistant: A. P. Mellish. 124 Faculty op Arts and Science Courses 2, 3, and 4 are open to students who have completed Course 1. Pass Courses 1. (a) Algebra. — An elementary course, including ratio, proportion, variation, interest and annuities, solutions of equations, simple series, permutations, combinations, and the binomial theorem. Wilson and Warren, Intermediate Algebra, Chapters I to XV, Oxford. Three hours a week. First Term. (») Geometry. — An elementary course in synthetic and analytical geometry as outlined for Senior Matriculation. Text to be announced. Two hours a week. Second Term. (c) Trigonometry. — An elementary course involving the use of logarithms. Playne and Fawdry, Practical Trigonometry, Copp Clark. Wentworth and Hill, Tables (Ginn). One hour a week, First Term, and two hours a week, Second Term. 3 units. 2. (a) Analytical Geometry.—A review of the straight line and circle, and a study of the other conies. Fawdry, Co-ordinate Geometry, Bell. Two hours a week. First Term. Mr. Buchanan. (b) Algebra. — A continuation of the previous course in algebra involving exponential, logarithmic and other series, undetermined coefficients, partial and continued fractions. Wilson and Warren, Intermediate Algebra (Larger Edition), Oxford. Two hours a week. Second Term. Mr. Nowlan and Mr. Robinson. (c) Calculus.—An introductory course in differential and integral calculus, with various applications. Woods and Bailey, Elementary Calculus, Ginn. One hour a week. Mr. Buchanan. 3 units. Mathematics 125 3. The Mathematical Theory of Investments.—This course deals with the theory of interest, annuities, debentures, valuation of bonds, sinking funds, depreciation, probability and its application to life insurance. Rietz, Crathorne and Rietz, Mathematics of Finance, Holt. Three hours a week. Mr. Robinson. 3 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 4. Descriptive Astronomy.—The object of this course is to acquaint the student with the various heavenly bodies and their motions. It is intended primarily for Pass students, and only a knowledge of elementary mathematics is essential. The subject- matter treated includes: The shape and motions of the earth, systems of coordinates, the constellations, planetary motion, gravitation, tides, time, the stars and nebulae, theories of evolution of the solar system. Moulton, Introduction to Astronomy, Macmillan. Two hours a week. Mr. Buchanan. 2 units. Students desiring credit for an additional unit in connection with this course may register for Mathematics 18. They will be required to write essays on prescribed subjects dealing with various phases of Astronomy. 1 unit. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) Honour Courses 10. Calculus.—The elementary theory and applications of the subject. - Text to be announced. Three hours a week. Mr. Nowlan. 3 units. 11. Plane and Spherical Trigonometry.—The work in plane trigonometry will deal with the following: Identities and trigonometrical equations, the solution of triangles with various applications, circumscribed, inscribed and escribed circles, De Moivre's theorem, expansions of sin nq, etc., hyperbolic and inverse functions. The work in spherical trigonometry will cover the solution of triangles with various applications to astronomy and geodesy. 126 Faculty op Arts and Science Loney, Plane Trigonometry, Parts I and II. Dupuis and Matheson, Spherical Trigonometry and Astronomy, Uglow. Two hours a week. Mr. Richardson. 2 units. 12. Synthetic Plane and Solid Geometry.—The course in plane geometry is intended to cover such topics as the principle of duality, cross ratio geometry, etc. In solid geometry the principal properties of solid figures are studied, as well as the theory of projection in space, with various applications to the conic sections. Dupuis, Elementary Synthetic Geometry, Macmillan. Dupuis, Elements of Synthetic Solid Geometry, Macmillan. Two hours a week. 2 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 13. Analytical Geometry.—A general study of the conies and systems of conies, and elementary work in three dimensions. Loney, Co-ordinate Geometry. Two hours a week. Mr. Jordan. 2 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 14. Theory of Equations and Determinants. — A course covering the main theory and use of these subjects. Burnside and Panton, Theory of Equations, Vol. I, Dublin. Weld, Theory of Determinants. Two hours a week. 2 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 15. Higher Algebra. — Selected topics in higher algebra, including infinite series, continued fractions, the theory of numbers, probability. Hall and Knight, Hiqher Algebra, Macmillan. Chrystal, Text-book of Algebra. Part II. Two hours a week. Mr. Nowlan. 2 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 16. Calculus and Differential Equations.—A continuation of the previous course in calculus, treating partial differentiation, Mathematics 127 expansions of functions of many variables, singular points, reduction formulae, successive integration, elliptic integrals, and Fourier series. Ordinary and partial differential equations, with various applications to geometry, mechanics and physics. Granville, Differential and Integral Calculus, Ginn. Murray, Differential Equations, Longmans. Three hours a week. Mr. Buchanan. 3 units. 17. Applied Mathematics. — A course dealing with the applications of mathematics to dynamics of a particle and of a rigid body, and to the two body problem in celestial mechanics. Loney, Theoretical Mechanics. Three hours a week. Mr. Richardson. 3 units. 18. History of Mathematics.—A reading course covering the historical development of the elementary branches of mathematics from the earliest times to the present. Ball, History of Mathematics. Cajori, History of Elementary Mathematics. Mr. Buchanan. 1 unit. Graduate Courses 20. Analytical Solid Geometry.—Snyder and Sisam, Analytical Geometry of Space. 21. Theory of Functions of a Real Variable. — Goursat- Hedrick, Mathematical Analysis, Vol. I. 22. Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.—Pierpont, Functions of a Complex Variable. 23. Differential Geometry.—Eisenhart, Differential Geometry. 24. Projective Geometry.—Veblen and Young, Projective Geometry, Vol. I. 25. Celestial Mechanics.—Moulton, An Introduction to Celestial Mechanics. 26. Advanced Differential Equations. — Moulton, Periodic Orbits. 27. Theory of Numbers.—Carmichael, Theory of Numbers. 128 Faculty op Arts and Science 28. Algebraic Numbers.—Reid, Elements of the Theory of Algebraic Numbers. 29. Modern Algebraic Theories. — Dickson, Modern Algebraic Theories. Department of Modern Languages Professor: H. Ashton. Associate Professor: A. F. B. Clark. Assistant Professor: Isabel Maclnnes. Assistant Professor: Henri Chodat. Instructor: Janet T. Greig. . Assistant: E. E. Delavault. I Assistant: G. Barry. Assistant: M. Portsmouth. Assistant: W. Tipping.^ Assistant in German: J. Battle. With the consent of the Professor in charge of the course, a student taking a Pass Degree may be admitted to any course in the Third and Fourth Years in addition to, but not in lieu of, 3(a) and 4(a). Students from other universities who have already taken the work of 3(a) or 4(a), may be given special permission by the Head of the Department to substitute other courses. French 1. (a) Moliere, Les Precieuses Ridicules, Longmans, Toronto. Berthon, Grammaire Frangaise. Clement and Macirone, Void la France, Heath. Kastner and Marks, French Composition, Pt. 1. 3 units. 1. (b) Prescribed texts as for 1(a). Revision of the essentials of French grammar and syntax applied to the correct writing of French. There will be an oral examination based on the texts read. 3 units. Note :—Students who choose French will be informed which course 1(a) or 1(&) they must take. The decision will be made after a consideration of the marks in French obtained at the Modern Languages 129 Matriculation examination. Students in 1(b) will normally take not more than two years French, as they will not be sufficiently prepared to profit by the Third and Fourth Year courses. If, however, they make rapid progress in the First Year they may be transferred to the higher course in the Second Year when they have satisfied the examiners of their fitness for more advanced work. Students who have not passed the Matriculation examination in French (or its equivalent) are not allowed to take either of the First Year courses in this subject. 1. (c) Lectures in French on Literature for students who intend to take French throughout the four years. One hour a week; no credit, no examination. Summer Reading:—See the announcement after the Fourth Year courses. 2. (a) La Fontaine, One Hundred Fables, Ginn. Moliere, Les Femmes Savantes, Didier. France, Le Livre de Mon Ami, Oxford. Conversation in French on the above. Written resumes. Composition from Kastner and Marks, French Composition, Pt. 1. 3 units. There will be oral tests. 2. (b) Texts as above. 3 units. 2. (c) Lectures in French on Literature for students who intend to take French throughout the four years. One hour a week; no credits, no examination. Summer Reading: See the announcement after the Fourth Year Courses. 3. (a) The Literature of the Age of Louis XIV.—Lectures on the history and social conditions of the period, and on the development of the literature. Careful reading and discussion of the following texts: Racine, Athalie (Warren), Holt. Moliere, Le Misanthrope, Didier; Le Tartuffe, Heath. Schinz and King, Seventeenth Century French Readings, Holt. Conversation and written resumes based on the above. This course is obligatory for all students taking Third Year French. 3 units. 130 Faculty of Arts and Science 3. (b) The Literature of the Eighteenth Century.—Lectures on the history and social conditions of the period, with special emphasis on the philosophe movement, and the beginnings of romanticism. The inter-relations of French and English thought and literature will be touched upon. Careful reading and discussion of the following texts: Selections from Voltaire (Havens), Century Co. Rousseau, Morceaux choisis (Mornet), Didier. Diderot, Extraits (Fallex), Delagrave. Beaumarchais, Le Barbier de Seville, Macmillan. 3 units. 3. (c) French Composition and translation from English into French. Kastner and Marks, French Composition, Pt. 2. 3 units. Summer Reading: See the announcement after the Fourth Year Courses. 4. (a) The Romantic Drama.—Musset, Quatre Comedies, Oxford. Hugo, Hernani, Oxford. Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac. 3 units. 4. (6) Literature and Society in the XVllth Century.— Mme de La Fayette, La Princesse de Cleves (Cambridge); La Bruyere, Les Caracteres (Cambridge) ; Mme de Sevigne, Lettres (Manchester); Moliere, Les Precieuses Ridicules (Longman), Les Femmes Savantes (Hatier), L'Avare (Hatier), Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (Hatier). 3 units. 4. (c) Bibliography, Composition and Oral French.—Book required: Kastner and Marks, French Composition, Pt. 3. 3 units. 4. (d) Eighteenth Century Drama.—Lesage, Turcaret, Cambridge; Marivaux, Le jeu de Vamour et du hasard, Hatier, Paris (Les classiques pour tous); Regnard, Le joueur, Hatier, Paris; Sedaine, Le Philosophe sans le savoir, Hachette, London. 3 units. Notes—Courses 3 (a) (b) (c) and 4 (a) (b) (c) (d) call for much work out of class. They should be chosen only by students able and willing to work alone. Students intending to take 4(a) or 4(b) should apply to the Head of the Department before the end of the present academic year for instructions for summer reading. Modern Languages 131 Summer Reading Upon entering the courses for the years stated below the student must satisfy the instructor that he has read the books mentioned below. Second Year: 1. Bernardin de St Pierre, Paul et Virginie. 2. Balzac, Eugenie Grandet. 3. Saintine, Picciola; or Vigny, Poesies Choisies. Third Year: 1. Chateaubriand, Atala. 2. Le Sage, Gil Bias. 3. Vigny, Servitude et grandeur militaires. 4. Banville, Gringoire; or Musset,, Poesies Choisies. Fourth Year: 1. Moliere, L'Avare. 2. Moliere, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme. 3. Moliere, Les Femmes Savantes. 4. Racine, Andromaque. 5. Racine, Les Plaideurs. 6. Musset, Fantasio. 7. Musset, Un Caprice. The above have all been chosen from the series Les Classiques pour tous so as to lighten the cost of buying books for vacation reading. At the present rate of exchange they can be bought at the University Bookstore for ten or fifteen cents each. As these books can be carried in the pocket and read at odd moments no excuse will be accepted for failure to do summer reading. German A. Beginners' Course. Composition, Grammar, Conversation.—Texts: (a) Zinnecker, Deutsch fur Anf anger, Heath. (b) Haertel, German Reader for Beginners. 3 units. B. Beginners' Course (Scientific) Composition, Grammar, Conversation.—Texts: (a) Zinnecker, Deutsch fur Anf anger, Heath, (b) Gore, German Science Reader, Heath. 3 units. 132 Faculty op Arts and Science 1. Completion and Revision of Zinnecker. Composition and conversation based on texts read. Von Wildenbruch, Das edle Blut, Scribner. Moser, Der Bibliothekar, Ginn. Bruns, Book of German Lyrics, Heath. Science Section with alternate reading. 3 units. 2. (a) Whitney and Stroebe, Easy German Com/position. Holt, Composition and conversation based on texts read. Heine, Die Harzreise, Allyn & Bacon. Lessing, Minna von BarnJielm, Heath. Bruns, Book of German Lyrics, Heath. 3 units. 2. (b) A general survey of German literature. Prerequisite for German 3: Lectures in English and open to students of other literatures. One hour a week. No credit. 3. The Classical Period. Texts: Lessing, Emilia Galotti, Heath. Goethe, Fatist I, Heath. Schiller, Die Tangfrau van Orleans, Holt. Composition based on above texts and Whitney and Stroebe, German Composition, Holt. 3 units. 4. (a) Nineteenth Century Drama. 3 units. 4. (b) Nineteenth Century Fiction. 3 units. These courses, which include the reading of a number of standard works, will be given alternately. 5. A reading course in the short story. 3 units. Department of Philosophy Professor: H. T. J. Coleman. Associate Professor: James Henderson. Assistant Professor of Psychology and Education: Jennie Benson Wyman. 1. (a) Elementary Psychology. Text-book: Warren, Elements of Human Psychology, Houghton Mifflin Co. Philosophy 133 References: Woodworth, Psychology, A Study of Mental Life. Stout, A Manual of Psychology. Titchener, A Text-book in Psychology; A Beginner's Psychology. James, Psychology (Briefer Course). Pillsbury, Essentials of Psychology. Two hours a week. 2 units. (b) Elementary Logic. Text-book: Mellone, Introductory Text-book of Logic, Blackwood (latest edition). One hour a week. 1 unit. (c) A fourth hour per week will be devoted to lectures introductory to the main problems of Philosophy, and a special study of Descartes' Discourse on Method and Berkeley's Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. Attendance at this hour is voluntary and no formal credit is given. Students contemplating Honours are, however, advised to take this course. 2. Ethics. Text-book: Everett, Moral Values, Holt. A special study will be made of selected portions of Aristotle's Ethics, Mill's Utilitarianism, and Kant's Metaphysic of Morals. Three hours a week. 3 units. 3. History of Greek Philosophy from Tholes to Plato (inclusive). Text-books: Bakewell, Source Book in Ancient Philosophy, Charles Scribner's Sons, and Burnet, Greek Philosophy (Part 1), Macmillan. In connection with this course a special study will be made of Plato's Republic, Phaedo, and PhUebus. Three hours a week. 3 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 4. The History of Philosophy from the Renaissance to the Present time. Text-book: Alexander, A Short History of Philosophy, Macmillan. Works of Reference: Rand, Modern Classical Philosophers, and the various Histories of Philosophy. Three hours a week. 3 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 134 Faculty op Arts and Science 5. The Philosophy of Kant, with special study of the Critique of Pure Reason. Two hours a week. 2 units. (Given in 1927-28 and alternate years.) 6. Philosophic Movements since the time of Kant. Post- Kantian Idealism, Pragmatism, Modern Realism, Bergson and others. Two hours a week. 2 units. (Given in 1928-29 and alternate years.) 7. Introduction to Education. A course of lectures and discussions dealing with educational movements since the beginning of the 19th century, and with the theories of life and of mind which are implicit in these movements. Texts: Spencer, Education, Everyman Edition. Dewey, Democracy and Education, Macmillan. References: Butler, The Meaning of Education. Moore, What is Education? Adams (ed.), The New Teaching. Holmes, What is and What might be. Articles in Cyclopedia of Education, Macmillan. Philosophy 1 is recommended as preparatory to this course. Three hours a week. 3 units. 8. Social Psychology. — A study of those particular phases of mental life and development which are fundamental in social organization and activity. Texts: McDougall, Social Psychology, The Group Mind, Methuen, London. Ginsberg, Psychology of Society, Methuen, London. Collateral reading will be prescribed from the following : Hobhouse, Mind in Evolution, Morals in Evolution. Sutherland, Origin and Growth of the Moral Instinct. Cooley, Human Nature and the Social Order. Wallas, Human Nature in Politics; The Great Society. Ross, Social Psychology. Trotter, Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War. Bernard, Introduction to Social Psychology. Philosophy 1 is recommended as preparatory to this course. Three hours a week. 3 units. Physics 135 Students will note that Courses 3 and 4, and Courses 5 and 6 are given in alternate years. This arrangement is designed to meet the needs of students who desire to pursue the study of philosophy beyond the elementary stage. Department of Physics Professor: T. C. Hebb. Associate Professor: A. E. Hennings. Associate Professor: J. G. Davidson. Assistant Professor: G. M. Shrum. Assistant: D. F. Stedman. 1. Introduction to Physics.—A general study of the principles of mechanics, properties of matter, heat, light, sound, and electricity, both in the lecture-room and in the laboratory. The course has two objects: (1) To give the minimum acquaintance with physical science requisite for a liberal education to those whose studies will be mainly literary; (2) to be introductory to the courses in Chemistry, Engineering, and Advanced Physics. Students must reach the required standard in both theoretical and practical work. Text-book: Millikan, Gale and Pyle, Practical Physics. Three lectures and two hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 2. College Physics.—This course consists of a general course in Physics suitable for those students who have taken the two years of Physics given in the High School. It will cover mechanics, properties of matter, heat, light, sound and electricity, in a fuller manner than would be possible in an introductory course. Text-book: Stewart, Physics, a Text-book for Colleges. Prerequisite: High School Physics. Three lectures and two hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 3. Mechanics, Molecular Physics and Heat.—A study of the statics and dynamics of both a particle and a rigid body, the laws of gases and vapors, temperature, hygrometry, capillarity, expansion, and calorimetry. 136 Faculty op Arts and Science Text-book: Millikan, Mechanics, Molecular Physics and Heat. Prerequisite: Physics 1 or 2. Two lectures and three hours laboratory per week. 3 units 4. Electricity, Sound, and Light. — A study of the fundamentals of magnetism, electricity, sound, and light. Text-book: Millikan and Mills, Electricity, Sound and Light. Prerequisite: Physics 1 or 2. Two lectures and three hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 5. Dynamics of a Particle and of a Rigid Body.—A rigorous mathematical study of this subject. Prerequisites: Physics 3 and Mathematics 10. Two lectures per week. 2 units. 6. Advanced Electricity and Magnetism. — In this course, .especial attention is given to the theoretical phases of Electricity and Magnetism. Text-book: Starling, Electricity and Magnetism. Prerequisites: Physics 3 and 4 and Mathematics 10. Two lectures per week. 2 units. 7. Kinetic Theory of Gases and Introduction to Thermodynamics.—A course of lectures elucidating the fundamentals of these subjects. Books for reference: Poynting and Thomson, Heat. Boyn- ton, Kinetic Theory of Gases. Preston, Heat, and Meyer, ■Kinetic Theory of Gases. Prerequisites: Physics 3, and Mathematics 10. Two lectures per week. 2 units. 8. Theoretical and Experimental Optics.—A course of lectures accompanied by laboratory work consisting of accurate measurements in diffraction, dispersion, interference, and polarization. Books for reference: Houstoun, Treatise on Light. Mann, Advanced Optics. Wood, Physical Optics. Preston, Theory of Light. Drude, Theory of Optics, and Edser, Light for Students. Zoology 137 Prerequisites: Physics 3 and 4, and Mathematics 10. Two lectures and three hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 9. Recent Advances in Physics.—A course of lectures dealing with the electrical properties of gases, the electron theory, and radioactivity. Books for reference: Thomson, Conduction of Electricity through Gases. Rutherford, Radio-active Substances and Their Radiations. Millikan, Electron. Thomson, Positive Rays. Hughes, Photo-electricity, and Kaye, X-Rays. Prerequisites: Courses 3 and 4, and Differential and Integral Calculus. Two lectures per week. 2 units. 10. Advanced Experimental Physics. — In this course the candidate for Honours is expected to perform one or more classical experiments and to do some special work. Carefully prepared reports, abstracts, and bibliographies will constitute an essential part of the course. Six hours laboratory per week. 3 to 6 units. Department of Zoology Professor: C. McLean Fraser. Assistant Professor: G. J. Spencer. Instructor: Gertrude M. Smith. Assistant: Mildred H. Campbell. Note—Biology 1 is prerequisite to all courses in Zoology. 1. General Morphology.—General morphology of animals. Comparative anatomy. The relationships of animal groups. Comparative life-histories. Text-books: Parker and Haswell, Manual of Zoology, Macmillan. (American Edition, 1916.) This course is prerequisite to other courses in Zoology. Two lectures and two hours laboratory per week. 3 units. 2. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates.—A detailed comparative study of a member of each of the classes of Vertebrates. Two lectures and four hours laboratory per week. First Term. 2 units. 138 Faculty of Arts and Science 3. Comparative Anatomy of Invertebrates. — A detailed comparative study of a member of each of the main classes of Invertebrates. Two lectures and four hours laboratory per week. Second Term. 2 units. 4. Morphology of Insects.—General Entomology. Two lectures and four hours laboratory per week. First Term. 2 units. (Not given in 1927-28.) 5. Histology.—Study of the structure and development of animal tissues. Methods in histology. Seven hours per week. Second Term. 2 units. 6. Embryology.—A general survey of the principles of vertebrate embryology. Preparation and examination of em- bryological sections. Seven hours per week. First Term. 2 units. 7. Economic Entomology.—A study of the insect pests of animals and plants; means of combating them. Lecture and laboratory work, six hours per week. Second Term. 2 units. (Not given in 1927-28.) 8. Private Reading. — A course of reading on Biological theories. In this course examinations will be set, but no class instruction will be given. 2 units. THE CU FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE FOREWORD The object of the courses in Applied Science is to train Btudents in exact and fertile thinking, and to give them a sound knowledge of natural laws and of the means of utilizing natural forces and natural products for the benefit of man and the advancement of civilization. Experience shows that such a training is the best yet devised for a large and increasing proportion of the administrative, supervisory and technical positions. ^ J The object, then, is to turn out, not finished engineers or industrial leaders—these are the product of years of development in the school of experience—, but young men with a special capacity and training for attaining these goals, and thus for helping to develop the industries of the province. Consequently the undergraduate course is made broad and general rather than narrow and highly specialized. Furthermore, such a course is not only better suited to the British Columbia conditions that the graduate will encounter in his after life, but also better for later specialization, for it furnishes a more solid foundation, a better background, a broader outlook and a more stimulating atmosphere, all necessary if the specialist is to achieve the maximum results of which he is capable. The student is offered a full undergraduate course and an additional year of graduate study. The preliminary year required in Arts is intended to increase the student's general knowledge and to broaden his outlook. It is hoped that enough interest will be aroused to encourage the student to continue some study of the humanities as a hobby or recreation. The first two years in Applied Science proper are spent in a general course that includes Mathematics and all the basic sciences. This gives not only a broad training, but enables the student to discover the work for which he has special liking or 142 Faculty op Applied Science aptitude and to select more intelligently the subjects in which to specialize during the two final years at college. During the latter periods students acquire more detailed knowledge and get practice in applying scientific knowledge, in solving problems, in doing things; and there is also training in Economics, Law and Industrial Management. During the long period between sessions, the student is required to engage in some industrial or professional work that will afford practical experience not obtainable in the laboratory or field classes, but that is a necessary supplement to academic study. FACILITIES FOR WORK For laboratory and other facilities see Pages 24-35. ADMISSION The general requirements for admission to the University are given on pages 38, 39. The following are special conditions affecting admission to Applied Science: 1. Nursing and Health courses require Junior Matriculation or equivalent (as for Arts). 2. All other courses require: (a) Junior Matriculation or equivalent. (b) Also a First Year Arts course or equivalent,* which shall include the following subjects: Chemistry 1; Mathematics 1 (Algebra, Geometry and Trigonometry); Physics 1, or 2; English 1; Latin 1, or French 1, or German B. The passing grade is fifty per cent, for Chemistry, Physics and each of the Mathematics subjects; but in the others a pass of , forty per cent, will be accepted, provided an average of fifty per cent, has been obtained in the total. Biology 1 may be taken as an optional extra subject, and, if passed with a grade of at least fifty per cent., need not be taken in Applied Science. Economics 1 taken in Arts is accepted in lieu of Economics in Applied Science. A reading knowledge of French and German is desirable for students in Engineering. Information for Students in Applied Science 143 3. No student may enter with any outstanding supplemental in Junior Matriculation or in any of the Chemistry, Mathematics or Physics subjects listed above; or with supplementals in other subjects to the extent of more than three units*. Students who have failed to complete the above requirements may apply for permission to take the September supplemental examinations in Arts. "Students preparing for admission to Applied Science are recommended to take their First Year in Arts and Science rather than Senior Matriculation, but if such students proceed by way of Senior Matriculation they must take Chemistry and Physics, and are required to make 50 per cent, in each of these two subjects and also in Algebra, Geometry and Trigonometry. DEGREES The degrees offered students in this Faculty are: Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.Sc). (See below.) Master of Applied Science (M.A.Sc). (See Page 170.) COURSES LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF B.A.Sc. The degree of Bachelor of Applied Science is granted on the completion of the work in one of the courses! given below: I. Chemical Engineering. II. Chemistry. III. Civil Engineering. IV. Electrical Engineering. V. Forest Engineering. VI. Geological Engineering. VII. Mechanical Engineering. VIII. Metallurgical Engineering. IX. Mining Engineering. X. Nursing and Health. *A unit normally consists of one lecture hour, or one continuous laboratory period of not less than two or more than three hours, per week throughout the session; or two lecture hours or equivalent laboratory periods throughout a single term. +The curriculum described in the following pages may be changed from time to time as deemed advisable by the Faculty. 144 Faculty of Applied Science A double course in Arts and Science and in Applied Science is offered, leading to the degree of B.A., and B.A.Sc. (See Page 170.) Note,:—A series of noon-hour talks is given during the session by the Faculty and prominent outsiders on the subjects: choice of a profession; occupations for which an Applied Science course forms a suitable preparation; life and work in different engineering professions and industries. The purpose of these talks is to assist students to select the course best suited to their tastes and aptitudes, and their probable life-work. PRACTICAL WORK OUTSIDE THE UNIVERSITY In order to master professional subjects it is very important that the work done at the University should be supplemented by practical experience in related work outside. Therefore students are expected to spend their summers in employment that will give such experience. Before a degree will be granted, a candidate is required to satisfy the Department concerned that he has done at least four months' practical work related to his chosen profession. Third and Fourth Year Essays (see Page 146) should be based, as far as possible, upon the summer work. Students engaged in summer work requiring them to enter the University after the specified date of admission will be allowed to register without penalty, upon the approval of the Dean, in case the work affords necessary experience in connection with their academic courses, as in Geological survey parties; or if statements are received from their employers that circumstances prevent an earlier release. Practical work such as Shop-work, Freehand Drawing, Mechanical Drawing, Surveying, etc., done outside the University, may be accepted in lieu of laboratory or field work (but not in lieu of lectures) in these subjects, on the recommendation of the Head of the Department and approval of the Dean. Students seeking exemption as above must make written application to the Dean accompanied by certificates indicating the character of the work done and the time devoted to it. Courses in Applied Science 145 GENERAL OUTLINE OF UNIVERSITY COURSES The work of the First and Second Years' is the same in all courses, except those in Nursing and Health. First Year Subject. Math. 1 Trigonometry Math. 2 Solid Geometry Math. 3 Algebra Math. 4 Calculus CE. 1 Descriptive Geom. .. M.E. 1 Drawing 1 Physics 1 Mechanics Physics 2 Heat Chem. 2a Qual. Analysis ... M.E. 2a Shop Practice Biology 1* Introductory.... C.E. 2 Surveying CE. 30 Engineering Prob. 1 201 201 201 201 180 202 218 218 178 202 174 181 190 First Term. ill Second Term. KM gs ■3 s ge S 3« Field Work I 4 1.. 3 6 3 3 2 2 •Biology 1, Arts, passed with a grade of at least 60 per cent, will be accepted in lieu of this course. Second Year Subject. « 8f a s- 8 8 fa » Math. 6 Calculus Math. 7 Anal. Geom •Chem. 2b Quan. Analysis C.E. 4 Graphics M.E. 6a Elem. Theory Physics 3 Electricity Physics 4 Mechanics CE. 5 Mapping CE. 6 Surveying Geology 1 General tCE. 7 Surveying CE. 81 Engineering Prob. 2. 201 202 178 181 204 219 219 182 182 196 182 190 First Term. III Second Term. Field Work 13 1.. IK in fStudents entering Civil, Forest, Geological, Metallurgical, and Mining Engineering are required to take Civil Engineering 7 (see Page 182) immediately after the spring examinations. •Students entering the Second Year of Applied Science who have not previously taken Chemistry 2 (a) will be required to take Chemistry 2 (a) and 2 (b) during the Second Year; such students will be exempted from taking Civil Engineering 31. 146 Faculty op Applied Science THIRD AND FOURTH YEARS Essays Essays are required of all students entering the Third and Fourth Years, and must conform to the following:— 1. The essay shall consist of not less than 2,000 words. 2. It must be a technical description of the engineering aspects of the work on which the student was engaged during the summer, or of any scientific or engineering work with which he is familiar. In the preparation of the essay, advantage may be taken of any source of information, but due acknowledgment must be made of all authorities consulted. It should be suitably illustrated by drawings, sketches, photographs or specimens. 3. It must be typewritten, or clearly written on paper of substantial quality, standard letter size (8V2XII inches), on one side of the paper only, leaving a clear margin on top and left-hand side. Students are recommended to examine sample reports to be found in the library or in the departments. 4. All essays must be handed in to the Dean not later than November 15th. All essays, when handed in, become the property of the Department concerned, and are filed for reference. Students may submit duplicate copies of their essays in competition for the students' prizes of the Engineering Institute of Canada, or the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Essays will be considered as final Christmas examinations. A maximum of 100 marks is allowed, the value being based on presentation, English and matter. In third year essays presentation, that is, the manner in which the material is arranged and presented to the reader, is given most weight, with English second and matter third. In fourth year essays most emphasis is placed on matter, but the other two are still rated highly. Courses in Applied Science 147 COURSES I. Chemical Engineering The course in Chemical Engineering should prepare the student for the duties of managing engineer in a chemical manufactory. As such he must be conversant not only with the chemical processes involved, but he must be prepared to design and to oversee the construction of new buildings and to direct the installation and use of machinery. In the industrial life of British Columbia the chemical engineer may be more particularly concerned with the manufacture of acids and alkalies, the preparation from natural sources of various organic and inorganic compounds, the pulp and paper industry, and the utilization of the waste from a number of industrial plants indigenous to the Province. Accordingly, the course of study includes a number of courses in the older branches of engineering along with the maximum of chemical training allowed by the time at the disposal of the student. Third Year Subject. 2 ** ft *> 0 * First Term. ■S 5* Second Term. at t. £53 §88 3a Essay Economics 1 Introductory Met. 1 Introductory Geol. 2 (a) Mineralogy ,. Chem. 3 Organic Chem. 4 Theoretical Chem. 5 Adv. Analysis .. E.E. 1 General Physics 5 Light CE. 12 Hydraulics 146 191 215 197 178 179 179 207 219 184 148 Faculty op Applied Science Fourth Year Subject. First Term. a e £ Second Term. it I* Essay Chem. 6 Industrial ... Chem. 7 Physical Chem. 8 Electro Chem. 9 Adv. Organic Chem. 16 Engineering Met. 2 General Thesis 146 179 179 180 180 180 216 12 3 3 ii II. Chemistry The aim of this course is to train the students in the practice of Chemistry, and to give a thorough knowledge in the fundamental principles of this subject, that they may be prepared to assist in the solution of problems of value to the industrial and agricultural life of the Province. The course is arranged to give in the first two years a knowledge of the fundamental principles of Chemistry and Physics, with sufficient mathematics to enable the theoretical parts of the subject to be understood. In the Third Year, Analytical, Organic, and Physical Chemistry are studied from the scientific side and in relation to technology; while in the Fourth Year a considerable amount of time is devoted to a short piece of original work. Courses in Applied Science 149 Third Year Subject. First Term. It III Second Term. It Essay Econ. 1 Introductory . Chem. 3 Organic Chem. 4 Theoretical .. Chem. 5 Adv. Analysis MeL 1 Introductory .. Geol. 2 (a) Mineralogy Met. 5 Assaying German (Arts) B .... Physics 5 Light 146 191 178 179 179 215 197 216 131 219 3 3 9 Fourth Year Subject. ££ First Term. 1* £ « ¥ Second Term. ** ^M get i§* Essay Bacteriology 1 (Arts) Physics 9 Advanced .. Chem. 6 Industrial ... Chem. 7 Physical Chem. 8 Electro- Chem. 9 Adv. Organic Met. 2 General Thesis 146 83 219 179 179 180 180 216 3 3 is III. Civil Engineering The broad field covered by Civil Engineering makes it an adjunct of many other branches of engineering, yet the Civil 150 Faculty op Applied Science Engineer occupies a distinctive field and is intimately associated with a wide group of undertakings vitally affecting the health, comfort and prosperity of the commonwealth. The various branches of Civil Engineering deal with problems in.water supply and water purification; in sewerage systems, sewage disposal plants, and the handling of municipal and industrial wastes; in hydraulic power development; in irrigation and drainage for agricultural activities; in all types of structures, bridges and buildings, piers and docks, sea walls and protective works; in transportation, canals, locks, highways, electric and steam railways; and in the management and direction of public works, public utilities, industrial and commercial enterprises. The course in Civil Engineering is designed to provide, in so far as time will permit, foundations for continued growth along those lines which the student's interests and environment determine, without compelling too early specialization. Training in pure and applied science, in the humanities, in economics and business engineering, and in the technical phases of professional work establishes a broad basis for the stimulation of a sincere spirit of public service and for the development of that capacity for reliable work and judgment which makes safe the assumption of responsibilities. The methods of instruction are planned with the view of bringing out the powers and initiative of the students while training them in habits of accurate analysis and careful work. Students are encouraged to secure summer work which will give them an insight into the various phases of the career upon which they are about to enter, and the summer essays lay the foundation for the ability to set forth, in clear and precise language, descriptions and analyses of projects and engineering activities. In the Fourth Year thesis an opportunity is given for special investigation and research under the supervision of experienced engineers. Courses in Applied Science 151 Third Year Subject. o * O 4* fa M First Term. 9 v ge.8 3« Second Term. I* fa * 5^ §* Essay C.E. 8 Foundations CE. 9 Elementary Design CE. 10 Strength of Mtls.. CE.-11 Railways C.E. 12 Hydraulics CE. 13 Mapping C.E. 14 Surveying CE. 15 Drawing M.E. 6 (b) Laboratory E.E. 1 General Econ. 1* Introductory CE. 16 Surveying CE. 21 Water Power CE. 28 Seminar 146 182 183 183 184 184 184 184 185 205 207 191 185 186 189 Field Work *Economics 1 in Arts will be accepted in lieu of the Science Course. Fourth Year Subject. 3 ■■ Sfi First Term. Second Term. H 5&J JS u rt M oj f- 2 a> Essay CE. 17 C.E. 18 CE. 19 C.E. 20 C.E. 22 CE. 23 CE. 24 CE. C.E, C.E CE. CE. 25 27 Structural Design . Engineering Economics Law—Contracts .... Geodesy Municipal Transportation Mechanics of Mtls. . Theory of Structures . Trips Thesis Seminar Hydraulic Machines .. 146 185 185 186 186 187 188 188 189 189 189 189 190 3 6 Required 2 1 Sat. A M. 152 Faculty op Applied Science IV. Electrical Engineering This' course is designed for those students who desire a general training in the theory and practice of Electrical Engineering in addition to the basic principles of Mechanical Engineering. The Third Year of the course is devoted mainly to Mechanical Engineering, together with work which involves the broad principles which underlie all engineering work. The Fourth Year is devoted to Electrical Engineering, the fundamental principles of industrial economics, works organization, management, and financing. Vancouver and the surrounding country afford excellent facilities for the study of engineering works under commercial conditions. The managing officials of these works are pleased to permit students, in charge of a member of the Faculty, to inspect and conduct tests at pre-arranged times. Organized visits to industrial plants constitute a regular part of the advanced work. Third Year Subject. fa to Pint Term. I*- ■si* Second Term. I* 3 I ■§6* Essay M.E. 3 Kinematics M.E. 4 Dynamics M.E. 5 Design M.E. 7 Thermo-dynamics CE. 10 Str. of Materials E.E. 2 General CE. 12 Hydraulics M.E. 2b Shop Practice Math. 8 (adv. Calculus) or Math. 9 (Differential Equa.) 146 203 204 204 205 183 208 184 203 202 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 8 Courses m Applied Science 153 Fourth Year Subject. 3 5 First Term. 3* I in Second Term. I* It Essay E.E. 4 Machines E.E. 5 Traction E.E. 6 Transmission E.E. 7 Design E.E. 8 Radio M.E. 8 Thermo-dynamics M.E. 10 Design M.E. 14 Mechanical Design ... Math. 8 (adv. Calculus) or Math. 9 (Differential Equa.) CE. 18 Engr. Economics CE. 19 Engr. Law C.E. 29 Hydr. Machines 146 211 212 212 213 213 205 206 207 202 185 186 190 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 V. Forest Engineering In British Columbia the forest industries, including logging and the manufacture of lumber, pulp and paper, now lead all others, and are rapidly expanding. They must always play a very important part in the economy of the Province, because seven-eighths of the productive land is absolute forest soil, that will grow good timber but no other crop of value; and because over half the remaining stand of saw-timber — the last big reserve — of Canada is here. The development of these industries is requiring more and more the services of engineers, and especially is this true in logging. Furthermore, most of the forest land is owned by the public, and the management of these vast estates is a task that will require constant growth on the part of the government forest services. This indicates very briefly the various fields of service open to Forest Engineers, and for which the course of studies is designed. Primarily the course is planned for the lumber industry, and a major part of the time — apart from the preliminary foundation work — is devoted to the branches of 154 Faculty op Applied Science engineering most used in it. In addition, the fundamental subjects of forestry are covered. As in other engineering courses the students are expected to obtain practical experience during the summer vacations, this being an essential supplement to the studies at the University. Vancouver contains large sawmills, wood-working plants, and plants for seasoning and preserving wood — more, in fact, than any other place in the Province. Pulp mills, logging operations and extensive forests are within easy reach. The advantages of location are therefore exceptional. A special feature is the affiliation of the Forest Products Laboratory of Canada, maintained at the University by a co-operative arrangement with the Dominion Forestry Branch. A description of this Laboratory and its activities is given in another part of this calendar. It affords opportunities for instruction in testing the mechanical properties of timber and other structural materials, and facilities are now provided for experimental and demonstration work in wood seasoning and preserving. Third Year 2 ■■ •a a, o & S. o° First Term. Second Term. Subject. MM IS* •a c •J §, Z°-M ft M a bS ■§s* 146 191 192 192 192 174 176 207 182 182 183 183 184 184 184 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 i F.E. 1 General Forestry F.E. 2 Mensuration 4 F.E. 3 Protection F.E. 4 Finance CE. 8 Foundations 2 2 2 C.E. 10 Strength Materials ... C.E. 11 Railways 3 3 3 CE. 13 Mapping C.E. 14 Surveying CE. 12 Hydraulics 3 Courses in Applied Science 155 Fourth Year Subject. Essay F.E. 5 Technology . F.E. 6 Organization F.E. 7 History F.E. 8 Silviculture . F.E. 9 Lumbering . F.E. 10 Logging ... F.E. 11 Milling F.E. 12 Products .. Bot. 6 (b) Pathology ) Zool. 7 Entomology \ Bot. 7 (a) Ecology CE. 17 Structural Design C.E. 18 Economics C.E. 19 Law M.E. 6 (b) Steam Lab. ... 5* 146 192 193 193 193 194 194 194 195 177 224 177 185 185 186 205 First Term. J J Second Term. U 0) 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 3a. ■is* VI. Geological Engineering This course is designed to meet the requirements of students who intend to enter Geology as a profession. It gives a broad training not only in Geology, but also in the sciences of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics, which are extensively applied in the solution of geological problems. The engineering subjects are useful not only to the Mining and Consulting Geologist and the Geological Surveyor, but to the Geologist engaged in original research in any branch of the science. The course therefore furnishes a foundation for the professions of Mineralogist, Geological Surveyor, Mining Geologist, Consulting Geologist, Palaeontologist, Geographer, etc., and is useful for those who will be in any way connected with the discovery or development of the natural resources of the country. As a supplement to the work in the classroom, laboratory and field during the session, the student is expected to obtain practical experience during the summer vacations. 156 Faculty op Applied Science Third Year Subject. Q* First Term. Ste lis Second Term. It 111 Essay Geol. 2 Mineralogy ... Geol. 3 Historical GeoL 4 Structural Geol. 5 Regional Chem. 4 Theoretical .. Econ. 1 (Arts) Min. 1 Metal Mining .. Met. 5 Fire Assaying . Met. 1 General Ore Dressing 1 General ZooL 1 CE. 13 Mapping Chem. 5* Adv. Analysis Met. 6* Wet Assaying . 146 197 198 198 199 179 191 214 216 215 217 224 184 179 217 'Either Chem. 5 or Met 6 must be taken. Fourth Year Subject. ft* First Term. Second Term. 5* I* a* ft Essay GeoL 6 Palaeontology Geol. 7 Petrology GeoL 8 Economic CE. 18 Engr. Economics . Geol. 9 Mineralography .. GeoL 10 Field Min. 2 Coal and Placer ... Min. 3 Metal Mining Min. 5 Surveying Met. 2 Smelting Ore Dressing 2 Laboratory Thesis ". 146 199 199 200 185 200 200 214 214 215 216 217 2 4 1 2 3 9 2 3 2 9 4 1 9 3 Courses in Applied Science 157 VII. Mechanical Engineering As this branch of Engineering forms an outstanding feature in all industrial development, the course of training is general and basic in its character. Because of its general character it is not possible in the time available to give the student an intimate knowledge of the details of practice in any special line of work. The course is designed more particularly for those who are likely to take up the manufacture of machinery, power plant work (in- eluding design and construction of steam, gas, oil, or hydraulic plants), heating and ventilation of buildings, refrigeration, or industrial management. Students in this course are given a systematic course in the fundamentals of Electrical Engineering. Governed by the fact that values and costs are controlling factors in the practice of Engineering, the subjects of the final years are treated with a view of developing a business sense, an understanding of men, and the ability to report clearly on industrial problems. This demands the study of Economics, the use of good English, and the participation in outside industrial work during the vacation. Third Year As in Electrical Engineering. (See Page 152.) Fourth Year Subject. Essay M.E. 9 Thermodynamics M.E. 10 Design M.E. 11 Heating M.E. 12 Plant Design M.E. 13 Metals E.E. 3 Standard Practice CE. 18 Engr. Economics CE. 19 Engr. Law CE. 29 Hydraulic Mach Math. 8 (adv. Calculus) or Math. 9 (Differential Equa.) a« 146 205 206 206 206 206 209 185 186 190 202 First Term. It- Ill Second Term. in 3a 158 Faculty op Applied Science VIII.-IX. Metallurgical and Mining Engineering Modern Metallurgical practice covers a wide and expanding field. The Metallurgical Engineer has to design and operate a great variety of plants and processes. He must be able to deal with furnace and solution processes, based on chemical principles, and mechanical crushing and separating processes, based on physical principles, together with an immense variety of principal and auxiliary machinery, from small to immense, used in the separation and refining of ores, artificial mineral products and metals. The whole forms a keenly competitive and strictly commercial industry, based on, and closely limited by, the practical economic considerations of costs and profits. Rapid and continuous change and improvement is the rule. Methods and machines quickly become obsolete. The field for research and improvement in methods and machinery is ever widening, though the economic margin is ever narrowing. The Metallurgical course, in the Third and Fourth Years,, based on the fundamental earlier years, is designed to give the student a broad general knowledge of standard metallurgical methods and machinery, with a fundamental grasp of the actual applications of the basic sciences in practical metallurgical operations, also sufficient laboratory practice to illustrate and fix these in his mind and train him for an actual junior position after graduation. Modern mining operations cover a field notable for its breadth and variety. The discovery, steadily becoming more difficult, and the development, steadily becoming more scientific, of new mineral deposits are based largely on a knowledge of the laws and processes of Nature, ultimately physical and chemical, but, immediately, chiefly geological in kind. On the other hand, the operations of actual mining are largely mechanical in kind, and call for use and knowledge of mechanical and electrical equipment, adapted to underground methods and conditions. The conditions under which mining operations are carried on are often of great natural difficulty, and many of the factors to be dealt with are, to a large extent, obscure or indefinite Courses in Applied Science 159 * oftener than measureable. The qualities of good judgment and decision are therefore of great importance in the application of technical knowledge to mining. As in metallurgy, economic considerations are paramount. The Mining course is correspondingly broad in scope. In addition to the fundamental sciences, it includes fundamental subjects in Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Economics and Economic Geology. The special mining subjects cover the underlying principles and practice on which the discovery, development and economic operation of mines are based, the practical application of technical knowledge to actual operations, and the use of judgment and decision, by precept, example and illustration. Sufficient practical training and laboratory work is included to fit the student for an actual junior position after graduation. "While not given as separate subjects, the social, administrative and ethical sides of the professions of Mining and Metallurgy are included in the general treatment of appropriate subjects. In this University, emphasis is naturally placed on British Columbia conditions and its chief mineral products, namely: Gold, Silver, Lead, Zinc, Copper, Coal and Coke. The University is conveniently located in proximity to coal and metal mining districts, large coal and metal mining operations being carried on within a few hours' journey, in connection with which there are large washing and ore concentration plants. There is a large metallurgical plant at Tacoma, within an easy day's journey. Students have little difficulty in obtaining positions in mines or smelters during their vacation, as several of the larger companies have established the practice of accepting student employees in reasonable numbers during the vacation months. Students are recommended to spend their vacations at practical works, in connection with Metallurgy or Mining, and are required to do so between the Third and Fourth Years as an essential part of their course, without which a degree will not be granted. An essay covering this work is also required, as specified in the Fourth Year curriculum. 160 Faculty op Applied Science Students are advised to become student members of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. VIII. Metallurgical Engineering Third Year Subject. la First Term. o a 3a Second Term. 31 *2 2 * ,3 m Essay Econ. 1 CE. 9 Elem. Design ... CE. 10 Str. of Materials C.E. 12 Hydraulics C.E. 13 Mapping M.E. 6 (b) Laboratory . Geol. 2 Mineralogy E.E. 1 General Min. 1 Metal Mining ... Ore Dressing 1 General . Met. 1 General Met. 5 Fire Assay Met. 6 Wet Assay 146 191 183 183 184 184 205 197 207 214 217 215 216 217 Fourth Year 3 •■ •3 a 3 M First Term. Secpnd Term. 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