Lode Metals CONTENTS Page General Review 9 Notes on Metal Mines— Rainy Hollow— Maid of Erin (St. Eugene Mining Corporation Limited) 11 McDame— Mount Haskin— Northwestern Explorations, Limited 11 Reed (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) 11 Taku River— Big Bull, Tulsequah Chief (Tulsequah Mines, Limited) 12 Stikine— Callison Copper (Brikon Explorations Limited) 14 BUY and HAB (Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company Limited) 14 Windy (Conwest Exploration Company Limited) 14 Unuk River— Granduc (Granduc Mines, Limited) 15 South Leduc (Northwest Ventures Ltd.) 17 Portland Canal— Salmon River— Silbak Premier Mines Limited 17 Silver Tip (Silver Tip Gold Mines Limited) 18 American Creek— Argentine (Canadian Exploration Limited) 18 Maple Bay— Maple Bay Copper Mines Limited 18 Alice Arm— Toric (Torbrit Silver Mines Limited) 19 Boulder (Torbrit Silver Mines Limited) 21 Kinskuch, Reina Blanca (Northwestern Explorations, Limited) 21 Observatory Inlet— Any ox (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) 21 Double Ed (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) 22 Moresby Island— Swede (New Jersey Zinc Explorations Company (Canada) Ltd.) 22 McMillin (Silver Standard Mines Limited) 22 Tassoo 22 Bella Coola— Torger Copper (Silver Standard Mines Limited) 22 Porcher Island— Star (Utah Co. of the Americas) 23 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Notes on Metal Mines—Continued Hazelton— Silver Standard (Silver Standard Mines Limited). Three Hills (Silver Standard Mines Limited) Page 23 25 Erie (Silver Standard Mines Limited)___ 26 Smithers— Duthie (Sil-Van Consolidated Mining & Milling Company Ltd.) 26 Cronin Babine (New Cronin Babine Mines Limited) 27 Topley— Topley Richfield (Silver Standard Mines Limited) 28 Fraser Lake—• Abe, Babs, Ike, Pat, Zeke, Wow (American Standard Mines Limited) 28 Omineca—■ Babine Lake— McDonald Island (The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited) French Peak— Rio Canadian Exploration Ltd Fort St. James— 29 29 29 DA. (Canadian Exploration Limited) Ingenika River— Ferguson (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) 30 Swannell (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) 3 0 Upper Fraser River— Hansard— Rio Canadian Exploration Ltd 30 Hutton— Rio Canadian Exploration Ltd 31 Cariboo—■ Wells-Barkerville— Aurum and Cariboo Gold Quartz (The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited) Quesnel— Yanks Peak— Jim Mouse Mountain— 31 33 33 Mouse Mountain Nos. 1 to 15 Williams Lake— McLeese Lake— Iron Mountain . 3 3 Ni 34 Lac la Hache— Takomkane (Big Timothy) Mountain— Boss Mountain (Climax Molybdenum Company) 34 Taseko Lake—■ Mohawk and Spokane (Canadian Exploration Limited) 35 Clinton— Poison Mountain— Copper Nos. 1 to 4 (The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited) 35 LODE METALS 3 Notes on Metal Mines—Continued Lillooet— Blue Creek— page Elizabeth 37 Bridge River— Bralorne Mines Limited 3 7 Pioneer Gold Mines of B.C. Limited 39 Little Gem (Northern Gem Mining Corporation Ltd.) 40 Cayoosh Creek— Dry Gulch 41 Rusty Creek— Copper King (Highland Valley Mining Corporation Ltd.) 41 Highland Valley 41 Krain Copper Ltd 43 Salmo Prince Mines Limited 43 Trojan Consolidated Mines Ltd 43 Northlodge Copper Mines Limited 44 Beaver, Outrider, D.W 44 Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd 45 Bethsaida Copper Mines Limited 45 Graham Bousquet Gold Mines Limited 45 Laco Mines Limited 45 Victor (Skeena Silver Mines Ltd.) 46 Jericho Mines Ltd 46 Meadow Creek— Dunmore Mines Ltd 46 Guichon Creek— Northwestern Explorations, Limited 46 Nicola— Copperado (Western Copperada Mining Corporation) 47 Kamloops— Deposits Associated with the Eastern Part of the Iron Mask Batholith near Kamloops 47 Makaoo Development Company Limited 54 Galaxy Minerals Ltd 57 Inland Copper Mines Ltd 58 Iron Mask (Kamloops Copper Company Ltd.) 58 Ajax and Monte Carlo (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) 63 Commercial Minerals Limited 67 Other Mineralized Localities 68 Clearwater— Trophy Mountain— Ash, Cam, etc. (Goldcrest Mines Ltd., Ormsby Mines Ltd.) 69 Birch Island— > Rexspar Uranium & Metals Mining Company Limited 70 Tulameen River— Summit Camp— Silver Hill Mines Ltd 71 Similkameen River— Red Star (Woodbury Mines Limited) 71 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Notes on Metal Mines—Continued Copper Mountain— Copper Mountain (The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited) Hedley— French (French Mines Ltd.) Olalla— Olalla Mines Limited Fairview Camp— Fairview (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) Beaverdell— Highland-Bell (Highland-Bell Limited) Greenwood— Greyhound- Mother Lode (Woodgreen Copper Mines Limited). Copper Queen (Aztec Exploration Ltd.) Phoenix— Phoenix Copper Company Limited Eholt— Noranda Exploration Company, Limited Rossland— Velvet (Mid-West Copper & Uranium Mines Ltd.)_ Snowdrop (Snowdrop Mining Company Ltd.)_ O.K., Midnight, I.X.L. (Midnight Consolidated Mines Ltd.). Crescent Valley— Lucky Boy Nelson— Bil Mecky, Archer Queen Victoria Eureka (Copper Leaf Mines Limited) _ Silver King Hungry Man- Deer Horn (Bartlet). Salmo— Lucky Boy Erie Creek- Go Lucky, Hard Luck Sheep Creek— Nugget Queen Iron Mountain— Emerald, Jersey, Dodger, Feeney (Canadian Exploration Limited) Aspen Creek— H.B. (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) Nelway— Reeves MacDonald Mines Limited Boundary Lake— Copper Queen Page 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 76 76 77 77 77 78 78 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 83 85 85 LODE METALS 5 Notes on Metal Mines—Continued South Kootenay Lake— Next Creek— page Spokane 86 Sanca— Lakeview (Blumont Mines Ltd.) 86 Boswell— Hope 87 North Kootenay Lake— Crawford Creek— United Copper 87 Santa Fe 88 Dixie 89 Riondel— Bluebell (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) 89 Tam O'Shanter, etc 90 Ainsworth— Highlander, etc. (Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Limited) 91 Kootenay Florence (Western Mines Limited) 91 Highland 91 Hercules, Silver Glance (Triumph Mines Limited) 92 Tariff 92 Laura M . 92 Woodbury Creek— Amazon (Kaslo Base Metals, Ltd.) 92 Can-Amer Mining & Milling Company Ltd 93 Paddy Peak— Utica 93 Retallack-Three Forks— Caledonia 93 Whitewater 93 Min, Cork 93 Sandon— Silversmith, etc. (Carnegie Mines of British Columbia, Ltd.) 94 Noble Five, etc. (Cody-Reco Mines Limited) 94 Victor (Violamac Mines Limited) 95 Lone Bachelor (Lone Bachelor Mines Limited) 95 Hinckley 95 Wonderful (Silver Ridge Mining Company Limited) 95 Discovery Fraction 96 Slocan Lake— Mammoth, Standard, Enterprise, Monarch (Western Exploration Company Limited) 9 6 Bosun (New Santiago Mines Limited) 96 Van Roi, Hewitt (Slocan Van Roi Mines Limited) 97 Galena Farm 98 Noonday 98 A.U. (Lucky Thought) 98 Fisher Maiden 9 8 Westmont 98 Austin 98 Boomerang 99 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Notes on Metal Mines—Continued Springer Creek— Ottawa (Ottawa Silver Mining & Milling Company) Lower Arrow Lake— Promistora North Lardeau— Spider, Eclipse, etc. (Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited). Beatrice (Beatrice Mining Co. Ltd.) South Lardeau— J.G Moonshine, Right Bower (Willett Mines Ltd.) _ Creston— Bob King Aurea Creston Hill (Bon Ton Syndicate). May-Bee M.B Cranbrook— Campsall King St. Mary River— Mystery (Green Bay Mining & Exploration Ltd.) Boy Scout (Thomas Consolidated Mines Incorporated) KlMBERLEY Sullivan (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited) Fort Steele— Kootenay-Selkirk Windermere— Toby Creek— Mineral King (Sheep Creek Mines Limited) Red Ledge Page 99 99 99 105 106 106 106 106 107 107 107 107 108 108 108 108 108 109 Horsethief Creek— Ptarmigan Swansea Mountain— Cu (Mid-West Copper & Uranium Mines Ltd.)_ Spillimacheen— Silver Giant (Giant Mascot Mines Limited) Lead Mountain (Giant Mascot Mines Limited) Vowell Creek— Ruth-Vermont (Rio Canadian Exploration Ltd.) Revelstoke— King Fissure (American Standard Mines Limited) Skagit River— A.M. (Canam Copper Company Ltd.) Cheam Range— Lucky Four (Rico Copper Mines Limited) Howe Sound— Britannia Mining and Smelting Co. Limited Texada Island— Texada Mines Ltd 110 110 111 111 111 112 112 114 114 115 115 116 LODE METALS nlETAL Mines—Continued jver Island— latsino— Yreka (Noranda Exploration Company, Limited) nson (Elk) Lake— Old Sport (Coast Copper Company, Limited) Page 117 117 Empire Development Company Limited 117 hsis Inlet— Star of the West (Rosea Copper Mines Ltd.) 119 Sydney Inlet— Indian Chief .119 Upper Quinsam Lake- Iron Hill (Argonaut Mine) (Utah Co. of the Americas). Tsolum River— Domineer (Mt. Washington Copper Co. Ltd.) Cowichan Lake— Blue Grouse (Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd.) Lorry Fraser Nitinat Nadira Mines Limited Avallin Tanitin Jordan River— 119 119 120 122 122 122 123 124 124 Sunloch and Gabbro (Sumo Mines Limited) 124 Iron-ore Deposits in Coastal and Southwestern British Columbia— Contact Metamorphic Deposits— Tassoo (Wesfrob Mines Limited) 125 Star (Utah Co. of the Americas) 129 Texada Mines Ltd Iron River (Utah Co. of the Americas) Glengarry and Stormont (Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited) Klaanch Taconite Deposits— Lady A E.B.V Pyroxenite Deposits— Lodestone Mountain 129 131 131 133 135 136 136 GENERAL REVIEW The average prices of all principal metals except gold were higher in 1956 than in 1955. Gold was valued at 9 cents per ounce less in Canadian funds. The price of silver varied only slightly during the year and averaged lV_t cents per ounce higher than in 1955. The United States price of export copper rose from 45.57 cents at the start of the year to a record high of 49.121 cents on March 21st, and sank to 33.58 cents at the year-end. The average price of copper in Canadian funds was XVi cents per pound higher than in 1955. The prices of New York lead and East St. Louis zinc were steady for the greater part of the year, being 16 cents per pound and 13.5 cents per pound respectively; these represented increases above the average 1955 prices of approximately 0.8 cent for lead and approximately 1.2 cents for zinc. Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc produced at British Columbia lode mines in 1956 had a gross value of $135,113,813. Miscellaneous metals, including iron ore, tungsten, tin, and minor metals recovered at the Trail smelter, had a gross value of $14,327,010. The total quantity of ore mined at all lode mines amounted to 8,824,440 tons and came from seventy mines, of which forty produced 100 tons or more. The average number employed in the lode-mining industry in 1956, including mines, concentrators, and smelters, was 9,846. In 1956 thirty mills were operated, twenty-one of them throughout the year. Three mills were reopened, one of them being the Silbak Premier mill, which operated at capacity only five days before it was destroyed by fire. The others were the Van Roi and Cronin mills. Two new mills came into production—one at the old Velvet mine near Rossland and the other at the Silver Hill property on Tulameen River. Four mills accepted custom ore; two of these had no regular source of ore. The magnetic concentrator of Texada Mines Ltd. was modified to effect wet separation and the production of a copper concentrate in addition to the magnetite concentrate. The Trail smelter recorded custom receipts of 1,008 tons of crude ore, 9,832 tons of lead concentrates, and 6,049 tons of zinc concentrates from properties in British Columbia. Totals of approximately 31,000 tons of lead concentrates and approximately 81,000 tons of zinc concentrates were shipped out of the country for smelting. Copper concentrates and ores, and dross from the Trail smelter were shipped to the Tacoma smelter. Concentrated iron ore was shipped to Japan. Tungsten concentrates were sold to the United States Government under contract. Gold production was sharply reduced, largely in consequence of the closing of the Nickel Plate mine in 1955. In 1956 there were only three producing gold mines left— Cariboo Gold Quartz, Bralorne, and Pioneer. The French mine, which had been worked as a small seasonal operation in conjunction with the Nickel Plate, was purchased from Kelowna Mines Hedley Limited by The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited. To operate the mine, French Mines Limited was formed, the first new gold-mining company in several years. Silver, lead, and zinc were mined and sought for at a satisfactory rate. The Silbak Premier reopened after being shut down since 1952, but unfortunately the mill was destroyed by fire after only a few days of capacity operation. Exploration at the Kootenay Florence at Ainsworth reached a stage that promised production. Investigation began of the Ferguson mine on Ingenika River. A discovery of silver-lead was made on Tootsee Lake on the Alaska Highway, and of silver-lead-zinc near Revelstoke. Copper deposits and copper-bearing areas were investigated throughout the Province. At Rainy Hollow copper-silver ore was shipped from the Maid of Erin; at Granduc, shaft-sinking commenced; at Greenwood, a 1,000-ton mill was under construction, and several ore zones known from former operations were diamond drilled; on Vancouver Island, investigation of ore zones continued. One dissident note was the decision by the 10 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Granby Company to suspend operations at Copper Mountain. The outstanding event was the start of drilling of the Bethlehem Copper property in Highland Valley by American Smelting and Refining Company, and although no official statement was made by the end of 1956 regarding tonnage, production at some future time was assured. Low-grade but extensive copper mineralization in south central British Columbia was the object of much activity. A total of 7,324 mineral claims were located in Kamloops Mining Division, and about 6,000 of these were in the Highland Valley- Kamloops-Merritt area. A record number of 26,170 claims was located in the Province in 1956, a number four and a half times the last ten-year average. Much exploration was conducted with the aid of geophysical and geochemical surveys. This was most evident in the case of copper deposits in south central British Columbia, but was true of other metals and other areas. Modern techniques permitted reappraisal of many showings which had been known for years but which apparently did not warrant physical work being done on them. A discovery of nickel ore was made north of Telegraph Creek, and cinnabar was found on the Pinchi Lake fault zone near Fort St. James. Drilling of the Boss Mountain deposit near Lac la Hache indicated considerably more molybdenite than was previously recognized there. The Iron Hill magnetite deposit became exhausted, although clean-up work continued and plans were made to open the Iron River deposit near by. Diamond drilling at Tasu Sound showed a considerable quantity of chalcopyrite-bearing magnetite. The Provincial Government conducted air-borne magnetometer surveys on Texada Island and in the general vicinity of Campbell River. The resulting magnetic maps were made available to the public in 1957. Exploration activity in the north, which has been gradually increasing with modern means of air transport, was spurred by the prospect of a road from Dease Lake to the British Columbia coast south of the Alaska panhandle. The Geological Survey of Canada in 1956 performed a history-making exploit by geologically mapping in one season 25,000 square miles at a scale of 1 inch to 4 miles. Helicopter-assisted Operation Stikine was conducted by E. F. Roots and six other field officers, and will make available an unprecedented amount of basic information in a very short time. Company exploration activity greatly increased, and many Provincial and Canadian companies were engaged in prospecting and the examination of showings over a wide area. The greatest general concentration of activity was in Stikine River drainage. LODE METALS 11 NOTES ON METAL MINES RAINY HOLLOW* Copper, Silver (59° 136° N.W.) Company office, Suite 401-5, 402 West Pen- Maid of Erin der Street, Vancouver. Allan J. Anderson, president. Capital: (St. Eugene Mining 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. The St. Eugene Mining Corpo- Corporation ration owns the Maid of Erin and thirteen other Crown-granted Limited) claims and four full and two fractional recorded claims. The property is on the southwestern slope of Mineral Mountain, 3 miles west of the hairpin bend in the Haines road at Rainy Hollow. This area, in the extreme northwest corner of the Province, is accessible from the Alaska Highway via the Haines cut-off road 100 miles west of Whitehorse, or from the south via Haines, Alaska. The showings on the Maid of Erin claim consist of flat-lying bornite-chalcopyrite replacement deposits associated with skarn and marble. The claim was originally located in 1903 and was Crown-granted in 1910. Development work was done at intervals from 1907 to 1928, and the showings were explored by an incline, several open-cuts, a vertical shaft, two short adits, and four diamond-drill holes. Sorted ore totalling 157 tons was shipped in the years between 1911 and 1922. The present company began work on the property in 1955 when a 4-mile road from Mile 53 on the Haines road to the property was partly completed. Work in 1956 was started on May 25th and continued until October 6th. The road to the property was completed, and a total of 3,463 tons of copper-silver ore was mined by open-pit methods. The ore was hauled by truck from the mine to tidewater at Haines, a distance of 56 miles, and from there was shipped by scow to the Tacoma smelter. Five short holes were diamond drilled, totalling 260 feet. A crew averaging ten men was employed under the supervision of C. M. Campbell, Jr. [Reference: Watson, K. de P.: The Squaw Creek-Rainy Hollow Area, Northern British Columbia, B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 25, pp. 42-47.] McDAME* Mount Haskin (59° 129° S.E.) Lead-Zinc Company office, 402 West Pender Street, Vancouver. Capital: Northwestern 5,000 shares, $100 par value. This property comprises forty Explorations, claims optioned in May, 1956, from R. L. McKamey, Glen Hope, Limited and J. W. Thompson, and sixty-nine claims held by record. The property is on Mount Haskin, 14 miles east of Cassiar and 4 miles north of McDame Creek. The showings are reported to be of lead-zinc mineralization occurring at a contact between limestone and chert of the Atan group of rocks. The best exposures are reported to occur on the west-dipping limb of an anticline, where mineralization ranges in thickness from a few inches to as much as 20 feet. A jeep-road 4.3 miles long was built from the Cassiar road to the property, and some trenching was done by D8 bulldozer. Four holes were diamond drilled, totalling 1,128 feet. Surface exposures of mineralization were mapped and sampled. [Reference: Geol. Surv., Canada, Preliminary Map 54-10, McDame, British Columbia, 1954.] Reed (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited).— This property is 15 miles east of Cassiar and comprises fifteen located claims optioned from J. Reed. The principal showing is reported to consist of a vein mineralized with lead * By A. R. C. James. 12 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 and zinc that cuts limestone and quartzite of the Atan group of rocks. A crew of seven men was employed under the supervision of R. A. Dunsworth from June 6th to September 17th. An access road 1V_. miles long was built and five holes were drilled, totalling 1,498 feet. It is reported that the option has been abandoned. TAKU RIVER* Gold-Silver-Copper-Lead-Zinc (58° 133° N.W.) Company office, Trail; mine office, Tulsequah. Big Bull, J. J. McKay, property superintendent; R. M. Mattson, mine super- Tulsequah Chief intendent; O. I. Johnson, maintenance superintendent; E. N. (Tulsequah Mines, Doyle, mill superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par Limited) value. In 1956 this company, a subsidiary of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, operated the Big Bull and Tulsequah Chief mines. Ore from both mines is treated at the Polaris Taku concentrator, which is operated under lease. The mines are situated a few miles from the confluence of the Taku and Tulsequah Rivers, 5 miles from the International boundary and 50 miles east of Juneau, Alaska. The Tulsequah Chief mine, the mill, and the camp are in the Tulsequah River valley, and the Big Bull mine is in the Taku Valley. Access to the property for personnel and light freight is by charter aircraft from Juneau. All heavy freight and outgoing concentrates are transported on the Taku River by shallow- draught barges plying between the company wharf and tidewater, about 30 miles downstream. River freighting is only possible during the summer months. Production, ore milled: 203,688 dry tons. Concentrates totalling 34,291 dry tons were shipped to the Tacoma and Trail smelters. The concentrator has throughout the year been milling over 530 tons per day of gold-silver-copper-lead-zinc ores produced mainly from the Tulsequah Chief mine. Separate copper, lead and zinc concentrates are produced by selective flotation based on the primary bulk flotation of copper and lead followed by conventional zinc flotation. The primary bulk copper-lead concentrate, after two stages of cleaning, is refloated, with depression of the copper minerals by cyanide additions. All concentrates produced after the end of the Taku River navigation season are stockpiled at the camp until the following May. The Tulsequah Chief mine was brought into production in 1951. The orebodies are mainly pyritic sulphide stringer lodes and replacement bodies. The principal ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and tennantite-tetrahedrite, with appreciable amounts of gold and silver; the gold occurs partly in association with the copper mineralization, and the silver occurs mainly with the tetrahedrite. The orebodies so far developed are known respectively as the Upper orebody and the A, B, C, D, and E orebodies. The original discovery and early development was at the outcrop of the Upper orebody, above the present 6500 adit level, at an elevation of 1,600 feet, on the steep rocky slopes of Mount Eaton, on the east side of the Tulsequah River valley. This orebody extends about 700 feet vertically below the surface and narrows out above the present 5900 level. The A, B, C, D, and E orebodies occur several hundred feet deeper and, so far as is known, do not outcrop on the surface. These latter orebodies were first developed from the 5400 adit level and, within the past year, have also been developed from the 5200 adit level. The general method of mining all the orebodies is by shrinkage stopes. Pillars in the A orebody have been mined by long-hole blasting. At the end of 1956 approximately 45 per cent of the ore produced was from the lower levels, mainly from the 52-A stope in the A orebody. The mine is at present developed from nine levels—the 6500, 6400, 6200, 6100, 5900, 5700, 5500, 5400, and 5200. An internal two-compartment vertical shaft, 1,017 feet long, serves all levels from the 5400 to the 6400 adit level. Broken ore from the * By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 13 upper levels is passed down via the ore-passes to the 5400 adit level, which is a main haulage level. A considerable amount of the broken ore from the lower orebodies is now being loaded into cars at the 5200 adit level, which in 1956 was established as a second main haulage level. On October 25th a Ruston 48-horsepower diesel locomotive was put into operation on this level, together with a train of nine 90-cubic-feet-capacity Granby cars. The following is a summary of development work completed at the Tulsequah Chief mine in 1956: Drifting, 2,044 feet; crosscutting, 1,343 feet; subdrifting, 1,301 feet; raising, 4,423 feet; underground diamond drilling, 25,384 feet. The Big Bull mine was brought into production in 1951. The orebodies are similar in mineral content to those of the Tulsequah Chief and occur as steep west-dipping sulphide stringer lodes in a zone of altered rocks adjacent to a north-trending fault. The ore- shoots lie in a shallow zone which does not extend more than 300 feet below the surface. The mine has been developed from an open pit and three underground levels—the 5000 adit level, the 4850, and the 4700 levels. In 1956 mining was mainly confined to the recovery of broken ore from old stopes above the 5000 level. A total of 7,228 tons of ore was recovered by a crew averaging six men. This work was begun on July 19th and was completed on November 13th. A surface diamond-drilling programme was carried out from March 10th to May 31st, and a total of 3,194 feet was drilled. It is understood that the Big Bull mine is now to be permanently abandoned. The total ore milled from the Big Bull from 1951 to the end of 1956 was 389,465 tons. Additions to the main camp in 1956 included a bowling-alley extension to the Geigerich Recreation Hall and the addition of extra bedrooms to some of the homes. Eight houses were moved over from the Big Bull to the main camp. Improvements on other parts of the property included the construction of a new freight dock at the Polaris Landing on the Taku River and the building of two new bridges on the road between the camp and the airstrip. A twice-weekly mail service via Atlin was inaugurated in 1956 and has proved very satisfactory. The total crew (including staff) employed in December was as follows: Tulsequah Chief mine, 127; mill, 28; other surface, 79; total, 234. A shortage of labour was experienced throughout the summer and fall, and many of those who presented themselves at the mine for work were found to lack skill and experience. Turnover of labour was very heavy, amounting to 388 men during the year. The year 1956 has been a most unhappy one in regard to accidents. There were forty lost-time compensable accidents, and three fatal accidents occurred on the property during the year. The first fatality was on August 6th, when Harry M. Stanley, a truck- driver, was drowned in the Tulsequah River. The other two fatalities occurred on November 25th, when George Ludwick and Thomas Royko, both miners, were killed in a blast in the Tulsequah Chief mine. A full-time safety engineer is employed, and a safety committee meets regularly and carries out monthly inspections of the property. A real effort is made at this property to maintain a high standard of safety consciousness, but probably the high turnover of labour in 1956 has contributed to a high accident rate. A resident doctor is available at the camp to give immediate attention in case of injuries or illness, and serious cases are usually evacuated by air to hospitals at Juneau or Vancouver. The annual " Tulsequah Flood," a remarkable feature of this locality caused by the sudden draining of Tulsequah Lake through a channel in the glacier ice, began on August 29th, reached a peak about midnight on August 31st and dropped back to near normal by September 1st. At the crossing to the Tulsequah Chief mine, approximately 375 feet of bridging was rebuilt after the flood, and at the Big Bull crossing about 175 feet of bridging was rebuilt. 14 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 STIKINE* Copper Callison Copper (Brikon Explorations Limited) (58° 131° S.W.) Company office, 1158 Melville Street, Vancouver; field office, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory. J. D. Mason, president; A. Allan, geologist. Capital: 100,000 shares, $1 par value. This property includes four adjoining claim groups, comprising eight claims held under option and 192 claims held by location. The claims are situated in the Hackett River valley between Ken- nicott Lake and Sheslay and are about 30 miles northwest of Telegraph Creek. The showings are reported to consist of irregular patches of chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite mineralization, occupying fractures and fissures in basic volcanics. A few patches of finegrained disseminated chalcopyrite were found in the granodiorite near the eastern margin of the Coast Range batholith. Work was begun on the property in the middle of May and continued until August. A crew averaging eight men was employed under the supervision of A. Allan. Two holes totalling 286 feet were diamond drilled, and approximately 2,000 cubic yards of trenching and open-cutting was done. The Telegraph Creek trail was rehabilitated, and about 6 miles of new trail was made to the various showings. The company reports that the deposits appeared to be too erratic and too low in grade to be of commercial interest at this time. (57° 131° S.W.) Company office, 500 Royal Bank Building, Winnipeg, Man.; mine office, Flin Flon, Man. R. H. Channing, president. The BUY group, consisting of forty-eight claims, and the HAB group of 105 claims were located by the company in 1956. They are in mountainous country about 8 miles east of the Stikine River between the Scud and Porcupine Rivers, approximately 60 miles downstream from Telegraph Creek. The claim groups cover parts of Saddlehorn Mountain, Mount Scotsimpson, and the headwaters of Galore Creek, a tributary of Scud River, Anuk River, and Split Creek, a tributary of the Porcupine River. The showings are reported to consist of finely disseminated chalcopyrite associated with pyrite in a complex of volcanic fragmental rocks intruded by feldspar porphyry and later narrow dykes. The work done on this property formed part of a wide exploration programme carried out by the company in northern British Columbia in 1956. A total of twenty-five men, including prospectors, diamond drillers, air transport personnel, geologists, and geophysicists were employed under the supervision of Russel T. Mcintosh. On the BUY and HAB groups forty-five holes totalling 1,253 feet were drilled. Twenty-one cubic yards of trenching was done on the HAB No. 9 and No. 20 mineral claims. The work was begun on June 20th and completed on September 28th. All transportation to the showings was by helicopter. (57° 129° N.W.) Company office, Suite 1001, 85 Richmond Street Windy (Conwest West, Toronto; British Columbia office, 901 Royal Bank Building, Exploration Vancouver. F. M. Connell, president. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, Company Limited) no par value. This property, consisting of thirty claims held by record, is approximately 3 miles northwest of Cluea Lake, near the headwaters of the Iskut River system. The showings are reported to consist of a large oxidized area with small amounts of azurite and malachite. Under the supervision of A. E. Storey, a crew of six men did a limited amount of open-cutting and pack- sack drilling. The company reports that the results of this work were not encouraging. * By A. R. C. James. BUY and HAB (Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company Limited) LODE METALS 15 UNUK RIVER* Copper Granduc (Granduc Mines, Limited) (56° 130° S.E.) Company office, Room 307, 1111 West Georgia Street, Vancouver; mine office, Stewart. L. T. Postle, president; J. J. A. Crowhurst, manager; J. M. Parker, superintendent. Capital: 4,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company holds sixteen Crown-granted and 183 recorded claims at the head of the Leduc River. The property is 25 miles north 35 degrees west of Stewart, and the outcrops of the orebodies are at elevations between 3,260 and 4,800 feet on the mountain slope on the north side of the Leduc Glacier. The extensive copper orebodies at present being developed are in the Coast Mountains about 2 miles north of a large mass of the Coast intrusions. They occur in siliceous sediments that strike slightly east of north and dip steeply, generally westward. The mineralized zones are essentially conformable with the sediments and consist mainly of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite. There are two main ore zones, known respectively as the A (or West) and the B (or East) zones. At the 3250 level the A orebody is from 25 to 50 feet wide and the B orebody is from 50 to 150 feet wide, the average grade of the ore being a little over 1.60 per cent copper. Near the 3250 portal the two zones are over 400 feet apart, but this distance soon narrows in a northerly direction to 150 feet and less. At approximately 1,700 feet from the portal the two zones merge. At the 3250 level, drifting and diamond drilling have indicated that the ore zones extend over a strike distance of 3,200 feet. Vertical continuity of ore zones has been established at five points, as follows:— Distance from Explored Uppermost Ore Inter- Dip Length section to Surface 1,700 feet 1,850 „ 1,500 „ 400 feet 700 „ 1,050 „ 300 „ 1,900 „ The ore zones are still open above and below these explored dip lengths, except for the first two that reach surface. The orebodies are open to the south, beneath the south fork of the Leduc Glacier. At the north end of the 3250 level, drifting and drilling have disclosed continuity of the favourable quartzite beds, but economic mineralization has not been encountered. Further exploration to the north is currently under way. The development of this important property, begun in 1953, was continued throughout 1956. The principal operation in 1956 was the sinking of a shaft to explore the ore zones at depth. This is an internal shaft, collared at the 3250 level in the footwall sediments east of the B orebody and about 1,200 feet from the portal. It is a three- compartment vertical shaft, 8 by 22 feet, each compartment being 6 feet square inside the timbers. Preliminary work was begun early in the year. The first 220 feet of the 3250 adit level was slashed out to 10 by 10 feet, and 250 feet of drifting and 750 feet of crosscutting was completed to the site of the hoistroom. An additional 470 feet of cross- cutting was completed to the site of the shaft waste-chute. The hoistroom, 30 by 40 feet, was cut out east of the shaft collar. The shaft was raised 90 feet for the headframe installations, and was connected to the hoistroom by a rope raise 120 feet long. The hoist was installed in August; it is a Coeur d'Alene hoist with two 62-inch-diameter tandem drums, electrically powered by two 200-horsepower 2,300-volt 3-phase 60-cycle G.E. slip-ring motors. It is fitted with Lilly controls and hydraulically operated post brakes. Shaft-sinking was begun on September 15th, 1956, by the Pogue Exploration Company under contract. By the end of the year the shaft was 363 feet deep, and the first two stations had been cut at 150 and 300 feet from the collar, respectively. Progress * By A. R. C. James, except as noted. 16 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 was delayed by a continuous heavy inflow of water, making it necessary to drill ahead of the shaft-bottom and pump cement grouting under pressure to seal off breaks and fissures in the rocks. It is understood that the shaft is to be sunk to a depth of 1,200 feet. It is interesting to note that a Cryderman shaft mucker is being used in the sinking, the first time one of these machines has been used in British Columbia. The machine is equipped with a 40-cubic-foot bucket and operates from the west compartment of the shaft. In the Granduc shaft it can muck at the rate of about a ton a minute and leaves very little rock to be hand-mucked. Other underground development work in 1956 included the driving of an exploration drift 508 feet at the north extremity of the 3250 level; the level is now 3,468 feet long. Five diamond-drill crosscuts totalling 94 feet were driven from this drift. No work was done at the 3750 level in 1956. Nineteen holes were diamond drilled, totalling 6,980 feet; of this total, 871 feet comprised drilling for grouting prior to shaft-sinking. A new power-house was built at the surface at the 3250 level portal to house diesel engines and compressors. New equipment installed in 1956 included one 550-cubic- feet-per-minute electrically driven Joy Sullivan air compressor and three 150-kilowatt Caterpillar diesel generator sets, together with the necessary switching and transformer gear, to supply 2,300 or 440 volts (a.c). Oil-tanks with a total storage capacity of 176,000 gallons were installed in 1956. A crew averaging thirty-five men (reaching a maximum of fifty in the middle of the summer) was employed at the property. In addition, an average crew of twenty was employed by the Pogue Exploration Company on the shaft-sinking. The men are housed in a small camp consisting of prefabricated plywood buildings on the north side of the Leduc Glacier. Owing to the danger of snowslides the camp has to be established on the glacier for the winter months, and in the summer is moved back to the hillside near the 3250 level portal. In 1956 the camp was moved to the hillside in the last half of May and on to the glacier in the first half of November. An attempt was made during the year to test the thickness of ice on the glaciers at various points over possible haulage routes. Nine holes totalling 13,297 feet were drilled with special electrical hot-point drilling equipment. Six of the holes were drilled in the west arm of the Salmon Glacier, which is about \lA miles wide. Some difficulty was experienced when moraine gravels were encountered, but one hole in the centre of the glacier penetrated 2,365 feet of ice. One hole was drilled in the snowfield at 5,000 feet elevation between the head of the Leduc Glacier but remained unfinished at the end of the year at a depth of 770 feet. Two holes were drilled on the north fork of the Leduc Glacier. A crew averaging six men was employed in the summer on a survey of a proposed access road up the Unuk River valley. The problem of transporting heavy equipment to a large property like Granduc is exceptionally difficult, situated as it is in a region of changeable and often severe climatic conditions and surrounded on all sides by rugged mountains, glaciers, and snowfields. In 1956 the company again obtained the services of the Patricia Transportation Company, a firm with much experience in tractor transportation over snow and ice. Between February 3rd and April 20th this company transported 2,096 tons of equipment and supplies to the property. The materials were taken by road for a distance of 11 miles from Stewart to a point near the foot of the Salmon Glacier and there transferred to sleighs and hauled by tractors up the Salmon Glacier and over the high glaciers and snowfields to the property, a distance of about 23 miles. Routine servicing of the property and transportation of personnel and light freight were carried out by aeroplane. A Piper Super Cub, a de Havilland Beaver, and a Fair- child 82 were used for this purpose, and an experienced pilot was employed on a full- time basis. In winter and spring the Beaver and the Super Cub land with ski landing-gear on an improvised airstrip on the snow-covered glacier. In the summer a 1,200-foot LODE METALS 17 airstrip built in 1955 on the northwest flank of Granduc Mountain is used. A total of 345 tons of light freight was taken in by aeroplane during the year. The year was marred by two serious flying accidents; one on June 27th resulted in the death of the pilot, W. Kellough, and the total loss of a new aircraft, and the other on July 30th resulted in serious injuries to the passenger in the aircraft. The mine office is at present established in Stewart, and communication with the camp is maintained by two-way radio. Seven new houses were built by the company and two others were purchased in Stewart for managerial and supervisory employees. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory considering the location of the property. A safety committee was established in the latter part of 1956, and at the year-end a safety engineer was appointed. There were ten compensable accidents in 1956. The only ones classified as serious were the two flying accidents mentioned above. [Reference: Bacon, W. R.: Preliminary Map, Granduc Area, B.C. Dept. of Mines (1956).] Copper (56° 130° S.E.) This property consists of thirty claims on the South Leduc southwestern side of the south fork of Leduc Glacier. The claims (Northwest adjoin on the south the property of Granduc Mines, Limited. The Ventures Ltd.)* South Leduc property is under option to Jaye Explorations Limited, of Toronto. During the 1956 season 3,770 feet of diamond drilling was done, of which 1,715 feet was through ice. The drilling was done near the base of a steep hanging glacier, tributary to the south fork of Leduc Glacier. Its purpose was to investigate the assumed prolongation of the Granduc ore structure. According to drill logs supplied by Northwest Ventures Ltd., the rocks intersected by the holes are sediments similar to those occurring on the Granduc property. Pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite were encountered in a number of the holes. As far as is known, the key ground lies beneath the hanging glacier. Extensive surface exploration of this ground is virtually impossible because the steep rock walls on both sides of the glacier do not afford natural sites for drill set-ups. [Reference: B.C. Dept. of Mines, Preliminary Map of the Granduc Area, 1956.] PORTLAND CANALf Salmon River (56° 130° S.E.) Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 572 Howe Street, Vancouver; mine office, Stew- Silbak Premier art. A. E. Bryant, president; G. W. McCool, resident manager; Mines Limited P. Kindrat, mine superintendent; O. C. Gilroy, surface superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. After remaining idle for two years, development work on this well-known property was resumed in 1955 under the technical direction and management of Henry L. Hill & Associates, of Vancouver. This work was continued in 1956, and rehabilitation of the surface plant was begun late in May. The plant was in partial operation by September, and the property was placed in full production in mid-November. On November 20th a disastrous fire totally destroyed the concentrator, compressor plant, and all the service buildings west of the No. 4 level portal. No work has been done since the fire, but it is understood that a resumption of operations is planned for 1957. Approximately 10,000 tons of ore was mined in the Silbak workings. Stoping was concentrated in 9f and 9h stopes on the 940 level, 10a stope on the 1060 level, and * By W. R. Bacon. t By A. R. C. James. 18 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 79b stope on the 790 level. No stoping was done in the Premier Border section of the mine, but 30 feet of drifting and 10 feet of raising were done. Production: Ore milled, 5,580 tons. Of the 470 tons of lead and 564 tons of zinc concentrates produced, 177 tons of lead and 355 tons of zinc concentrates were shipped to the smelter at Kellog, Idaho, the balance being left at the property. Gross content of concentrates shipped: Gold, 89 oz.; silver, 5,021 oz.; lead, 395,568 lb.; zinc, 373,455 lb. During the reconstruction period the crew averaged approximately seventy men. With the resumption of production in September the crew averaged thirty-two men underground and sixty-five men on the surface. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1947, pp. 74-82; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 175, pp. 161-166 (1935).] Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 303 Times Building, Victoria. K. C. Drury, Silver Tip president. This property is on Silver Creek, on the south slope (Silver Tip Gold of Mount Dilsworth, 21 miles north of Stewart. From the old Mines Limited) Big Missouri mine at Joker Flats, a trail YVi miles long leads to the Silver Tip cabin at an elevation of 3,450 feet. Development work has been done intermittently on this property for nearly forty years, and descriptions of it have been published in previous Annual Reports. In 1956 a crew of two men was employed in the summer months under the supervision of Hunter Smith. Approximately 100 feet of drifting was done on the Blind vein on the May P.J. claim. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1950, pp. 77-78.] Copper American Creek (56° 129° S.W.) Company office, 1100 Royal Bank Building, Vancouver. G. A. Argentine Gordon, general manager; J. A. Mitchell, exploration manager (Canadian Explo- for western division. This property comprises twenty-four recorded ration Limited) claims held by Messrs. McLeod, Bugnello, and Jokanovitch, of Stewart. It is 20 miles north of Stewart on the west side of American Creek at 3,800 feet elevation. The showings are reported to consist of disseminations and streaks of chalcopyrite in andesitic breccias which are intermingled with flow rocks. The present company took an examination option in September and did 300 feet of diamond drilling. A crew averaging four men was employed under the supervision of H. Priske. It is reported that the results of the drilling were not encouraging, and the option was dropped. Maple Bay (55° 130° S.E.) Copper Head office, Room 906, 357 Bay Street, Toronto; British Colum- Maple Bay bia office, 315 Credit Foncier Building, 850 West Hastings Street, Copper Mines Vancouver; mine office, P.O. Box " W," Stewart. W. J. Lawson, Limited president. Capital: 3,500,000 shares, $1 par value. The com pany holds twenty-two Crown-granted claims, twenty-four recorded claims, and sixteen fractions near Maple Bay on the east side of Portland Canal, 37 miles south of Stewart. The showings consist of a series of quartz veins mineralized with chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The vein on the Star claim is exposed above an elevation of 375 feet, and the remainder of the showings are mainly at elevations of 2,400 feet and higher. Access to the property is by charter boat from Stewart to Maple Bay, or arrangements may be made with Pacific Western Airlines for their scheduled flight to call at Maple Bay. A camp has been established at the beach. A half-mile truck-road has been made to the adit portal on the Star claim, while the upper showings are reached LODE METALS 19 by means of a 3-mile pack-trail. An upper camp was established in the summer of 1956 at an elevation of 2,400 feet near the Anaconda showings. Some drilling and development work have been done on the Maple Bay group in previous years, particularly by Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited. On the Eagle and May Queen claims a large vein was diamond drilled. On the Star claim a 650-foot adit was driven, and in 1916, 4,000 tons of copper ore was shipped. On the neighbouring Outsider group a copper-bearing quartz vein was mined from 1906 to 1907 and from 1922 to 1926; a total of 138,854 tons of ore was produced. Work by the present company began in June, 1955 {see 1955 Annual Report). In 1956 work was started again in June and continued until December 1st. A crew averaging twelve men was employed under the supervision of the late Frank L. Smith. At the upper showings, most of the diamond drilling was done on the Anaconda and Princess veins, but some packsack drilling was done on the Lizzie vein. Sixteen EX holes were drilled, totalling 3,400 feet, and eleven short holes were drilled into the outcropping for core sampling. One-half mile of road was constructed from the beach camp to the Star adit portal. The old adit was rehabilitated and track laid to the face. Three underground diamond- drill holes totalling 400 feet were drilled to pick up the Star vein and explore for parallel fissures. The Star adit was driven a further 165 feet on the vein, a total length of 815 feet. A camp to accommodate a crew of twenty men, and comprising a cook-house, bunk-house, and office, was erected at the beach at Maple Bay. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1921, p. 59; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 175, p. 100.] ALICE ARM* Silver (55° 129° N.W.) Registered office, 309 Royal Bank Building, Toric (Torbrit Vancouver; executive office, 44 King Street West, Toronto; mine Silver Mines office, Alice Arm. R. W. Burton, manager; A. M. Cormie, mine Limited) superintendent; A. R. Johnson, mill superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. The Torbrit mine camp and mill are at an elevation of 1,000 feet on the west side of the Kitsault River, 17 miles by road from Alice Arm. The portal of the 1,000-foot or main haulage level of the mine is on the opposite side of the river, half a mile north of the mill. The mine and the mill are connected by an extension of the mine haulage system. Five miles farther up the Kitsault River valley, near the mouth of Clearwater Creek, the company operates a hydroelectric power plant of 1,600 horsepower capacity. Production: Ore milled, 134,652 tons. Flotation concentrates amounting to 1,713 dry tons were shipped to the smelter, and additional silver amounting to 289,933 ounces was sold as bullion. Gross contents of concentrates and bullion shipped: 1,562,437 ounces of silver and 1,051,376 pounds of lead. The greater part of the silver is recovered with the galena as a bulk concentrate, which is shipped to the lead plant at Trail. The native silver is recovered by cyanidation of the flotation tailings and is refined and shipped as bullion. The milling capacity is between 400 and 450 tons a day. The ore occurs in shoots in a quartz-barite-hematite-jasper replacement deposit within a country rock consisting of agglomerates and tuffs of the Hazelton group. The important ore minerals are galena, ruby silver, and native silver. Most production is at present obtained from three levels of the mine at 1,000, 900, and 800 feet elevation respectively; in 1956, 94 per cent of the ore production was from the 800 level, 5 per cent from the 900 level, and 1 per cent from the 1000 level. The method of mining is by long blast-hole and conventional shrinkage stopes. The 1000 level is the main haul- * By A. R. C. James. 20 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 age level. A vertical shaft driven from the surface provides access to the lower levels. Development of reserves below the 800 level was carried out at the beginning of the year when a 16-degree winze was driven in the footwall for a distance of approximately 500 feet to the 700 level. Ventilation of the mine is mainly natural, but assistance in ventilation of the lower workings is provided at the 800 level by a Canadian Sirocco Vanaxial fan powered by a 15-horsepower electric motor; this fan circulates approximately 30,000 cubic feet of air per minute. A crew averaging 118 was employed. A mine safety committee carried out regular inspections of the mine and mill and holds monthly meetings. Sixteen compensable accidents occurred in 1956, eleven of which took place in the mine, one in the mill, and four on other surface operations. One of these accidents resulted in the death on August 29th of Keith Kavanagh, a mucking-machine operator. The remainder of the accidents were not classified as serious. There were no important additions to the camp buildings or surface plant in 1956. The winter of 1955-56 was the most severe experienced in seven years of operation. Production was curtailed for twenty days in April, when it appeared that the stored water for the hydro-electric plant might not be sufficient to last until the spring thaw. The following is a summary of mining operations:— Ore Broken Tons Stoping 142,751 Stope raises and stope drifts 7,255 Level development 1,350 Total 151,356 Waste Broken Tons Level development 3,420 Stope raises and stope drifts 4,503 Winze 2,103 Total 10,026 Development in Linear Feet Ft Drifts and crosscuts 671 Sublevel drifts and boxholes 2,423 Winze-sinking 388 Total 3,482 Ft. Underground diamond drilling 5,612 Long-hole drilling with tungsten carbide bits 87,096 On the Moose and Lamb claims of the Toric group, a total of 2,933 feet of diamond drilling was done from the surface. The company reports that sufficient encouragement was obtained to justify further drilling in 1957. On the North Star claim, a total of 2,885 feet of diamond drilling was done from surface sites. Further drilling is planned on this claim in 1957. In addition to the diamond drilling, a geological and topographic survey was carried out on these properties and some adjoining ground, in more detail than any earlier work. Both the drilling and the mapping programmes were aided by the use of a helicopter, which was chartered intermittently over a period of three months. LODE METALS 21 Copper (55° 129° N.W.) This property, on the east side of Kitsault Boulder (Torbrit River, 3 miles south of the Torbrit mine, comprises eleven claims Silver Mines located in 1955 by Torbrit Silver Mines Limited. The property Limited) is characterized by the presence of a number of very large boulders composed of volcanic rock locally mineralized with pyrite and chalcopyrite. A geophysical (resistivity) survey and a limited amount of diamond drilling were done in 1955. In 1956 the property was mapped and some trenching was done, followed by a total of 1,370 feet of diamond drilling. It is reported that the results of this work were not encouraging and no further work is planned. (55° 129° N.W.) Company office, 402 West Pender Street, Van- Kinskuch, Reina couver. Capital: 50,000 shares, $100 par value. This property Blanca (North- consists of eight claims held under option from W. McLean and western Explo- associates, of Alice Arm, and ten claims held under option from rations, Limited) Gunn Fiva, of Alice Arm, together with an additional twenty-four claims held by record. It is on the southeast side of Kinskuch Lake, approximately 15 miles in a direct line north-northeast of Alice Arm. Kinskuch Lake is at 3,700 feet elevation in mountainous country east of the Kitsault River, and drains into the Nass River via the Kinskuch River. The writer was unable to visit the property and is indebted to C. S. Ney, engineer in charge, for the following description of the showings:— " There are several showings of copper mineralization in the area covered by the claims. Work was done in two localities—on a peninsula of bare rock at the southeast corner of the lake, and on a mineralized outcrop adjacent to the glacier, a mile east of the lake and 1,000 feet above it. The first showing is essentially a stockwork of pyrite- chalcopyrite veinlets outcropping over an area 200 by 400 feet. The second showing is characterized by areas of minute fracturing sparsely mineralized with chalcopyrite, with some veinlets of chalcopyrite in addition. The host rocks are volcanics of intermediate composition affected over a wide area by chloritization, and more locally by carbonate alteration." The company did some preliminary work on the property in the fall of 1955, including 500 feet of sample drilling with a packsack drill. In the early months of 1956, diamond-drilling equipment, fuel, and lumber for camp buildings were taken into the property in a ski-equipped Junkers aircraft operating out of Terrace. Transportation of men and supplies from Alice Arm was accomplished by Bell helicopter from May 15th until July 9th, when the lake became open for float aircraft. A camp was occupied at Kinskuch Lake from May 15th to October 9th. A crew averaging twelve men was employed under the supervision of C. S. Ney. Fourteen AX holes totalling 6,300 feet were diamond drilled. Eleven holes totalling 964 feet were drilled with a packsack drill. OBSERVATORY INLET* Copper Anyox (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited). (55° 129° S.W.) This property is on the east side of Observatory Inlet and comprises sixty-five Crown-granted claims, three leased claims, and eighteen recorded claims, all held by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. The company has been carrying out geological investigations in this area for several seasons. In 1956 a crew averaging sixteen men under the supervision of L. Coulter worked on the property from May 15th to September 28th. Twelve AX holes totalling 11,740 feet were diamond drilled to explore an area south and west of the old Hidden Creek mine workings. Approximately 5 miles of tractor-road was built and additional geological mapping was done. * By A. R. C. James. 22 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Double Ed (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited).—(55° 129° S.W.) This property, comprising fifteen located claims, is on Bonanza Creek, 3 miles west of Anyox. The showings are reported to consist of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite disseminated in volcanics near an argillite contact. In recent years the company has carried out drilling, open-cutting, and geological mapping on this property. In 1956 a start was made on the construction of a truck-road from the dock at Granby Bay to a proposed adit-site. This work was carried out by a contracting company between August 15th and December 15th. One and a half miles of road was completed, and the dock at tidewater was repaired. A crew averaging twelve men was employed. C. Smith was the engineer in charge for the company. MORESBY ISLAND* Copper (52° 131° N.W.) Company office, 606, 525 Seymour Street, Swede (New Jersey Vancouver. The property is on Swede Peninsula, near the entrance Zinc Explorations of Lockeport Harbour on the east coast of Moresby Island. It Company consists of sixteen claims held under option from W. A. Rutledge (Canada) Ltd.) and L. P. Kenwood, of Vancouver. The showings have been described in previous Annual Reports and comprise an extensive area of low-grade copper mineralization consisting of chalcopyrite and bornite disseminated in small bunches and veinlets through a host rock of greenstone. The original claims were first located in 1907, and a limited amount of development work was done about forty years ago. Two adits were driven; one was driven 170 feet and another farther north was driven 80 feet. The present company began work on the property on July 15th, 1956. E. Livingston and an assistant carried out geological mapping and sampled the existing adits and underground workings. A crew of two men drilled three X-ray diamond-drill holes totalling 326 feet. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1907, p. 69; 1929, p. 57.] Iron, Copper (52° 131° S.E.) Company office, 609, 602 West Hastings Street, McMillin (Silver Vancouver. R. R. Wilson, president. Capital: 3,500,000 shares, Standard Mines 50 cents par value. The property is in the vicinity of Harriet Limited) Harbour at Jedway Bay in the southern part of Moresby Island. It consists of twenty-one Crown-granted claims held under option agreement and one claim held by record. The showings include bodies of magnetite containing some copper mineralization. The present company began work on the property on July 30th and continued until November 30th. A crew averaging seven men was employed under the general supervision of W. St. C. Dunn. Twenty-five holes were diamond drilled, totalling 3,539 feet. Twenty-two trenches were cut, totalling 900 linear feet, and 5 miles of trail was cleared. The property was serviced by chartered boats and by aeroplane. Tassoo.—(52° 132° N.E.) This property on Tasu Sound is described on page 125. BELLA COOLA* Copper (52° 126° N.W.) Company office, 609, 602 West Hastings Street, Torger Copper Vancouver. R. R. Wilson, president. The property, consisting (Silver Standard of four Crown-granted claims held by option agreement and eight Mines Limited) claims held by record, is on the east side of the Salloomt River, 12 miles north of Hagensborg. It is reported that a series of dykes * By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 23 ranging from quartz biotite granite to quartz feldspar porphyry intrude a large mass of andesite and that the dykes are mineralized in places with chalcopyrite. Work on the property was started on May 24th and was continued until July 3rd. A crew of four men was employed under the general supervision of W. St. C. Dunn. Nine holes totalling 299 feet were drilled with a packsack drill. Ten trenches were cut, totalling 560 linear feet. It is reported that insufficient mineralization was found to warrant continuance of the work. PORCHER ISLAND* Iron (54° 130° S.E.) Company office, Room 1502, 736 Granville Star (Utah Co. of Street, Vancouver. A. D. Christiansen, president. Capital: 250,- the Americas) 000 shares, no par value. The property consists of ten Crown- granted claims and one claim and several fractions held by record. It is on the northeast coast of Porcher Island opposite Chismore Passage, 22 miles by sea from Prince Rupert. Topographic relief is low and elevations range from sea-level to 250 feet. Sporadic magnetite replacement of schist occurs over a strike length of nearly 3 miles. Investigations to date indicate that most occurrences are a few hundred feet in length with barren areas between. Some magnetically anomalous areas have outcrops and others have none. The magnetite deposits have been known for many years, but no previous work has been done on them. The present company established a camp on the property in October, 1955, and carried out a programme of work which included topographic and magnetometer surveys, diamond drilling, and sampling. The work was completed by March 5th, 1956. A crew of seven men was employed under the supervision of J. T. Lafranier. A total of 2,285 feet of diamond drilling and 245 feet of surface sampling of outcrops was done. (See also p. 129.) HAZELTON* Silver-Lead-Zinc-Cadmium (55° 127° S.W.) Company office, 602 West Hastings Street, Silver Standard Vancouver; mine office, New Hazelton. R. R. Wilson, president; (Silver Standard H. B. Gilleland, manager; A. C. Ritchie, general superintendent; Mines Limited) N. G. Cornish, mine superintendent. Capital: 3,500,000 shares, 50 cents par value. The property is on Glen Mountain, 5>Vi miles north of Hazelton, the mill and camp being located on the northwest side of the mountain at an elevation of 1,300 feet. In 1956 the mine was in operation 280 days, and 13,879 man-shifts were worked. Total ore production was 20,352 tons. The mill, which remained closed for the first few months of 1956, resumed operation on May 2nd. It was operated on a SVi-days-per-week basis until November 1st and continuously from then until the end of the year. A total of 13,762 tons of ore was treated by selective flotation, the remainder being sorted out as waste. The indicated mill recovery was 94.5 per cent of the gross metal content of the ore. The mill capacity is from 60 to 75 tons per day. Until 1956 all the ore was mined from shoots in a series of parallel quartz veins. These veins range in width from a fraction of a foot to 12 feet. Most of them strike northeast and dip from 40 to 80 degrees southeast. Sixteen such quartz veins are known on the property, named respectively the Discovery vein, Nos. 00, 0, and 1 to 12 veins; the distance from No. 00 vein to No. 12 vein is about 1 mile. In 1955 a new vein was discovered to the south of Nos. 9 and 11 veins. This vein strikes north 37 degrees west (at right angles to the other veins) and dips from 25 to 50 degrees east. As far as is known, it is a blind vein with no surface outcrop. The vein is cut by a large fault and is divided into two main segments known as No. 11 cross-vein and No. 10 cross-vein * By A. R. C. James. 24 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 respectively, No. 11 being the easterly segment and No. 10 the westerly segment. Important oreshoots were found in both segments in 1955 and 1956 and are now being mined. The country rock at the Silver Standard property consists mainly of tuffaceous sandstones of the Hazelton group. A small granitic intrusion cuts the Hazelton group about 900 feet south of the mine portals and lies just to the south of most of the major oreshoots. On the east side of the property a post-vein fault which dips 40 degrees to the west divides the property into an east and a west block. This fault extends for a known distance of 2,000 feet and has an indicated normal dip slip of 250 feet. The mine has been developed by two crosscut adits driven southeastward on the 1500 and 1300 levels, cutting Nos. 4 to 11 cross-veins and Nos. 1 to 11 cross-veins respectively, and by a 510-foot vertical three-compartment shaft from the 1300 level with crosscuts on the 1150, 1000, and 850 levels. Nos. 1, 4, and 6 veins have been worked from these lower levels. By the end of 1956 all known ore had been extracted from below the 1300 level, and the shaft was abandoned and allowed to flood. The following is a summary of work done underground:— Work Done Drifting— 1500 level - Advance (Ft.) 551 1300 level 256 Total 807 Raising— 1500 level.. . ____ 331 1300 level • 438 Total . _.__ 769 Subdrifting— 1500 level 491 1300 level 27 1250 level 101 1000 level 5 Total 624 Crosscutting— 1500 level - - 417 1300 level 1,000 Total .. .. .... 1,417 Diamond drilling— Underground . 11,279 Surface _ .,..,.... 13,958 Total 25,237 LODE METALS 25 Ore Broken (Tons) Stoping and development— No. 4 vein 306 No. 6 vein 422 No. 7 vein 402 No. 8 vein 437 No. 11 vein 625 No. 10 cross-vein 6,261 No. 11 cross-vein 8,104 Ore-passes 121 Development 3,674 Total 20,352 A considerable amount of exploration and development was done during the year to develop known or indicated ore reserves and to try to find new reserves. In 1955 No. 11 cross-vein was intersected by a crosscut driven south from the 1500 level, and the vein was followed by drift for 178 feet. In 1956 a further 199 feet of drifting was done on this vein. Over a considerable length of this drift the vein was of ore grade but very narrow. Three raises driven from the 1500 drift intersected good ore 70 feet above the rail. The bottom of this ore was followed by subdrift for 458 feet; three stopes opened up have produced 40 per cent of the ore mined in 1956. The 1500 crosscut was driven 417 feet from No. 11 cross-vein drift to intersect the faulted segment of this vein on the west side of the main fault. This segment, called No. 10 cross-vein, was followed by drift for 352 feet, and good ore was found over widths ranging from 1.5 to 2 feet. Three stopes opened up in this vein have produced 31 per cent of the ore mined in 1956. The 1300 level crosscut was extended 246 feet to intersect No. 11 cross-vein, and 256 feet of drifting was done. The vein at this elevation is narrow and, although mineralized, is not of ore grade. A crosscut was driven from 1308 drift south for 754 feet to develop the downward extension of 1510 drift oreshoot in No. 10 cross-vein. A steep raise was driven from this crosscut to intersect the vein just above and on the east side of the major fault. This raise cut the vein, which was 4 feet wide and of marginal grade, at the end of the year. A raise is to be driven up dip on the vein for 200 feet to the 1510 cross-drift. A total of 5,000 feet of surface stripping by bulldozer was done in the area overlying Nos. 10 and 11 cross-veins. No new oreshoots were uncovered in the course of this work. Thirty-six holes totalling 13,958 feet were drilled on the surface, and forty holes totalling 11,279 feet were drilled underground. Apart from some good intersections in Nos. 10 and 11 cross-veins, the results of this drilling were largely negative. All known ore has now been mined from the parallel veins, and the only ore reserves are in Nos. 10 and 11 cross-veins. The company carried out exploration work on the following outside properties: Erie (Mohawk), Three Hills, Topley, McMillin, and Torger. This work is described under the respective headings elsewhere in this Report. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1950, pp. 87-95.] Copper (55° 127° S.W.) Company office, 602 West Hastings Street, Three Hills Vancouver. This property consists of six claims optioned by Silver (Silver Standard Standard Mines Limited from A. LeToile, D. R. Willemar, and Mines Limited) E. H. Harbottle, and thirty-two claims held by record. The claims are between South Hazelton and Skeena Crossing on the east side 26 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 of the highway, VA miles south of Seeley Lake. The property was described in the 1955 Annual Report. In 1956 a crew of two men, under the supervision of A. C. Ritchie, did 2,150 feet of stripping with a D-8 bulldozer and drilled one hole 75 feet in length. The results of this work are reported to be discouraging, and no further work is planned. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1955, p. 24.] Silver-Lead-Zinc (55° 127° S.W.) Company office, 602 West Hastings Street, Erie (Silver Vancouver. This property, also known as the Mohawk mine, con- Standard Mines sists of four old Crown-granted claims on the south side of Four Limited) Mile Mountain, about 5 miles by road from Hazelton. Briefly, the showings consist of several veins of banded quartz and siderite, for the most part sparsely mineralized but containing a number of small oreshoots which were mined about thirty years ago. The ore minerals are jamesonite, sphalerite, galena, and tetrahedrite with high silver content. The veins occur in altered sediments intruded by granitic rock. There are approximately 1,500 feet of underground workings, now inaccessible. A crew of two men was employed in May under the general supervision of A. C. Ritchie. A total of 2,500 feet of trenching was done by D-8 bulldozer. It is reported that no new oreshoots were found. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1928, p. 158; 1950, p. 98-99. Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 223 (Revised Edition), pp. 40-43 (1954).] SMITHERS* Silver-Lead-Zinc (54° 127° N.E.) Company office, 609, 602 West Hastings Street, Duthie (Sil-Van Vancouver. R. R. Wilson, president. The Duthie mine is on the Consolidated southwest slope of Hudson Bay Mountain and is about 16 miles Mining & Milling by road from Smithers. The principal mine workings are between Company Ltd.) elevations of 3,200 and 4,500 feet on the Raven, Raven Fraction, Henderson, Hummingbird, and Canary claims of the Henderson group, which also includes the Galena Queen, Dome, Dome Fraction, White Swan, Pacific, and Vancouver Crown-granted claims. The mineralized zones were discovered in 1908, and the area was prospected by trenches. The Henderson zone was found in 1921, and, starting in 1922, this zone was developed by several drift-adits at the 3600 (Compressor) level, 3800 (McPherson) level, and 3850 (Thompson) level, and selected ore was shipped. A mill was built in 1927 and operated until 1930, when work stopped. Shipments of ore were made by lessees in 1939-42. In 1946 and 1947 Duthie Mines (1940) Limited built a new diesel power plant, carried out a diamond-drilling programme, and extended the drift on the 3800 level. Sil-Van Consolidated Mining & Milling Company Ltd. took over the property in 1950, did further development work, and built a new mill. Between July, 1953, and April, 1954, a total of 41,369 tons of ore was milled. Production was then suspended due to unfavourable prices of lead and zinc. Total production of ore since the property was discovered has been nearly 80,000 tons. The property is underlain by rhyolite, dacite, and andesite flows and flow breccias. The mineral deposits occupy four main fault zones, known as the Henderson, Ashman, Fault-plane, and Dome. Of these, the Henderson zone has been the most widely developed and has been traced on the surface for 3,500 feet, from an elevation of 3,500 feet to 4,500 feet. These mineralized fault zones strike northeastward and range in dip from 50 degrees southeast to 70 degrees northwest. They are sliced, sheared, and brecciated zones along which occur sulphide veins and replacement deposits, the latter associated with * By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 27 some vein quartz and carbonate. The most important ore minerals are galena and sphalerite. The mine has been developed by five adit levels known respectively as the 3300 (Mill) level, 3600 (Compressor) level, 3800 (McPherson) level, 3849 (Thompson) level, and 4100 (Hummingbird) level. Mining has been carried out in the Henderson vein from the 4100 level down to a level 100 feet below the 3300 level; mining has been more limited in the Ashman and Fault-plane veins. In the fall of 1956 the company entered into an agreement with Silver Standard Mines Limited whereby the latter undertook to expend the sum of $32,000 on development work by January 1st, 1957. The immediate object of this work was to develop sufficient additional ore reserves to warrant further expenditures in 1957, and ultimately to develop sufficient ore reserves to justify a resumption of production. A contract for the development work and diamond drilling was let to S. Homenuke, of Hazelton, and a crew of seven men commenced work on October 17th. The work was mainly on the Hummingbird and Canary claims. By the year end the 3800 F. raise had been driven 135 feet, the 3950 footwall drift had been driven 93 feet, and the 3950 subdrift 48 feet. The diamond drilling had not been started. The work was under the general supervision of A. C. Ritchie and N. G. Cornish, general superintendent and mine superintendent respectively of Silver Standard Gold Mines Limited. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1948, pp. 82-85; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 223 (Revised Edition), pp. 103-111 (1954).] Silver-Lead-Zinc-Cadmium (54° 126° N.W.) Company office, 744 West Hastings Street, Cronin Babine Vancouver; mine office, Smithers. L. C. Creery, president; F. (New Cronin Babine Robinson, property superintendent; W. Robinson, mine superin- Mines Limited) tendent. The company owns the Sunrise No. 7 Crown-granted claim and holds under option from the Babine Bonanza Mining & Milling Company Limited the following Crown-granted claims: Lucky Strike, Home- stake, Bonanza, Eureka, Babine Chief, Bulkley Pioneer, Sunflower, and Sunflower fraction. The property is on the east slope of Cronin Mountain between elevations of 4,750 and 5,250 feet, and is about 30 miles by road northeast of Smithers. The orebodies are at the northeast end of a large body of rhyolite, at its contact with surrounding argillites. In the underground workings the three known mineralized veins range up to 5 feet wide and are either at or near the rhyolite-argillite contact. They strike northeastward and dip from 40 to 60 degrees north-northwestward. The ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, boulangerite, and tetrahedrite, with appreciable amounts of silver. The showings were discovered in the early years of the century, and development work on the property has continued intermittently since 1909. In 1952 a 40-ton mill was completed and 3,510 tons of ore was milled. Operations ceased in November, 1952, due to low base-metal prices, and the mine remained idle until 1956. The property has been explored by several shafts and raises and by three adit-drifts at elevations of 4,775 feet, 5,000 feet, and 5,065 feet respectively. The No. 5 level at 4,775 feet elevation is the main level. In 1956 work on the property was resumed under the direction of Henry L. Hill & Associates, of Vancouver. Work was started on June 9th and continued until November 19th. Production: Ore milled, 4,200 tons. The following work was done underground: No. 323 stope was driven through to No. 2 (5,065-foot) level, 2,000 tons of ore was mined between the 421 sublevel and No. 3 (5,000-foot) level, and a 25-foot raise was driven in ore from the top of this stope to the 421 sublevel. A crew averaging twenty men was employed. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Aim. Rept., 1949, pp. 94-98.] 28 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 TOPLEY* Gold-Silver (54° 126° N.E.) Company office, 602 West Hastings Street, Topley Richfield Vancouver. This group of eighteen claims was optioned in 1955. (Silver Standard The property is about 7 miles north of Topley, a small settlement Mines Limited) between Smithers and Burns Lake. A considerable amount of development work was done in 1926 and 1927, and work has been done intermittently since that time. In 1955 the company drilled two diamond-drill holes, but difficulties in drilling due to caving rock stopped the first hole at 293 feet and the second at 243 feet. In 1956 a crew of four men was employed from March 5th until April 15th under the general supervision of W. St. C. Dunn. The second drill-hole mentioned above was lengthened to 361 feet. Another hole was drilled to 301 feet. It is reported that caving rock forced abandonment of the holes before reaching the ore zone. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1926, pp. 138-143; 1927, pp. 140-147; 1937, pp. C26-27.] FRASER LAKE* Uranium (53° 124° N.W.) Company office, 711, 525 Seymour Street, Abe, Babs, Ike, Vancouver. H. T. James, president. This property, comprising Pat, Zeke, Wow thirty recorded claims, was optioned by the company from C. S. (American Standard Powney, E. A. Floyd, and partners, of Fort St. James, in Decem- Mines Limited) ber, 1955. The claims are at an elevation of 3,500 to 4,000 feet on the northern slope of Nithi Mountain and are reached by about 9 miles of road from Fraser Lake P.O. The area south of Fraser Lake, including the vicinity of the claims, is underlain by a coarse-grained pink granite. On the claims the granite is intruded by a rhyolite porphyry dyke that has been traced on the surface by a series of shallow trenches for a length of 670 feet and over an average width of 100 feet. This dyke strikes generally north and dips from 35 to 70 degrees to the west. Low-grade mineralization consisting of the secondary uranium minerals autunite, torbernite, and sabugalite occurs in small random fractures at and near the surface in the rhyolite porphyry. No primary uranium mineralization was observed. Under the supervision of J. S. Ives, a crew of four men worked on the property from June 6th to July 13th. A jeep-road Wi miles long was constructed to the claims from the end of the logging-road. One thousand two hundred feet of trenching was done, and four diamond-drill holes were drilled, totalling 333 feet. It is reported that the results of this work indicate that the uranium mineralization does not extend more than a few feet beneath the surface exposures and is thus insufficient to be of economic interest at the present time. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1955, p. 28.] * By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 29 Copper OMINECA* Babine Lake (54° 126° N.E.) McDonald Island (The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited) Head office, 1111 West Georgia Street, Vancouver. L. T. Postle, president. This property consists of a group of thirty-five recorded claims, some of which are held under option agreement, and is on McDonald Island (also known as Copper Island) in the northern section of Babine Lake at the mouth of Hagan Arm. The property may be reached by boat from Topley Landing or by float-plane. Low-grade copper mineralization was discovered here in the early years of the century, and prospecting and exploration have been carried on intermittently since then, especially in 1929 when The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, took an option on the property and did some diamond drilling. Mineralization appears to be extensive but of low grade, and consists of chalcopyrite and small amounts of bornite disseminated and in fractures in volcanic rocks. A central knoll about 250 feet above the level of the lake carries the principal showings. The Granby Company began work on the property in 1955, when a diamond- drilling programme was started. This programme was continued in 1956. Crews and equipment were taken over the lake ice in March and a tent camp was established. The work was continued until August. A crew averaging twelve men was employed under the supervision of L. R. Haggard. Forty holes were diamond drilled, totalling 11,158 feet, and some test-pits were put in to the west of the ore zone by hand work. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1913, pp. 113-114; 1927, pp. 149-150; 1929, pp. 180-181; 1940, p. 78; 1946, p. 89; 1955, p. 29.] French Peak (55° 126° S.W.) Silver-Lead Company office, 1001, 335 Bay Street, Toronto; Vancouver office, Rio Canadian 9, 515 Granville Street, Vancouver. D. R. Derry, president. Exploration Ltd. This property consists of twenty-four claims held by location and is on French Peak, about 8 miles west of the north end of Babine Lake. The property is reached from the head of Babine Lake by 8 miles of tractor-road. The showings were discovered in 1955 and are reported to consist of narrow silver-lead mineralization in two subparallel shear zones in bedded volcanic rocks of the Hazelton group. A crew averaging ten men was employed under the supervision of H. B. Johnston and H. S. Lazenby from June 1st to September 15th. Mineralized structures were investigated over a length of 1,200 feet by about 4,500 linear feet of bulldozer trenches and 1,737 feet of diamond drilling. Fort St. James (54° 124° S.E.) Mercury Company office, Royal Bank Building, Vancouver. J. A. Mitchell, D.A. (Canadian exploration manager. The property consists of sixteen claims Exploration Limited) which were located in 1956 by D. Rottacker and are now held by record by Centennial Mines Ltd. It is 6 miles east of Fort St. James on the Fort St. James-Manson Creek road and is on the west side of Murray Ridge on the general line of the Pinchi fault zone. It is reported that the showings include occurrences of cinnabar in highly altered volcanic rocks associated with the ultrabasic intrusive of Murray Ridge. A crew of about sixteen men was employed by * By A. R. C. James. 30 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Canadian Exploration Limited on this property in the summer of 1956, and ten holes were diamond drilled. It is reported that the results of the drilling were inconclusive, but that heavily faulted ground was disclosed. The work was under the general direction of J. A. Mitchell. Further work is planned for 1957. INGENIKA RIVER* Lead-Zinc (56° 125° N.E.) This property includes thirty-two Crown-granted Ferguson (The Con- and twenty-two recorded claims held under option from Ingenika solidated Mining Mines Limited. It is on the south side of the Ingenika River, 21 and Smelting Com- miles west of Fort Grahame. The showings consist of lead-zinc pany of Canada, replacement in limestone and were originally discovered about Limited) 1925. From 1926 to 1930 some development work, including the driving of crosscut tunnels, was carried out by Ingenika Mines Limited; since that time no further development work has been done on the property. In 1956 The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, sent a geological party of nine men into the area. The work was begun on June 15th and continued until September 15th, with A. C. Taplin in charge. Geological and geophysical (electromagnetic) surveys were carried out and geochemical testing was done. Two miles of trail was made and the old workings were reopened. Transportation to the property was by float-plane to Delkluz Lake, which is close to the showings. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1926, pp. 155-157; 1928, pp. 182-185.] Swannell (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. —(56° 125° N.E.) This property consists of a group of thirty-four recorded claims on Swannell River, a tributary of the Ingenika River, and is 20 miles west of Fort Grahame. The showings are reported to consist of lead-zinc replacement in limestone. In 1956 The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, optioned the property from Gust Ola. A crew of three men under the supervision of A. C. Taplin did geological and geophysical work from June 15th to September 15th. Transportation was by float-plane to Delkluz Lake, near the property, and by small gasoline-driven tractor on the property. UPPER FRASER RIVER* Hansard (54° 121° S.W.) Copper Company office, 1001 335 Bay Street, Toronto; Vancouver office, Rio Canadian 9, 515 Granville Street, Vancouver. D. R. Derry, president. In Exploration Ltd. 1956 this company held under option from Desoto Mines Limited a property consisting of seventeen claims and fractions on Mine Creek, a tributary of McGregor River. The property is reached from Hansard station on the Canadian National Railway by boat down the Fraser and up the McGregor River to Mine Creek, and thence by 1 mile of trail. It is reported that the showings consist of scattered chalcopyrite mineralization in a silicified zone in argillites and limestones. A crew of about six men under the supervision of D. Calimente worked on the property from June 21st to August 1st. Two holes were diamond drilled, totalling 495 feet, and some soil-testing work was done. * By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 31 Rio Canadian Exploration Ltd. Hutton (53° 121° N.W.) Company office, 1001, 335 Bay Street, Toronto; Vancouver office, 9, 515 Granville Street, Vancouver. D. R. Derry, president. In 1956 this company held under option from Desoto Mines Limited a property consisting of eighteen claims and fractions straddling the Fraser River about 3 miles west of Hutton station on the Canadian National Railway. The copper showings, which were discovered many years ago, are on the west bank of the river. A crew of six men under the supervision of D. Calimente worked on the property from May 12th to June 24th. The showings were stripped by bulldozing and sluicing, exposing about 2,500 square feet of bedrock. One hole, 148 feet long, was diamond drilled, but core recovery was poor. Soil testing was done on the claims. CARIBOO* Wells-Barkerville (53° 121° S.W.) Gold Aurum and Cariboo Gold Quartz (The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited).—Company office, 1007 Royal Bank Building, Vancouver. W. B. Burnett, president; A. Shaak, general manager; M. Guiguet, general superintendent; J. Stone, mill superintendent. Capital: 2,000,000 shares, $1 par value. The Cariboo Gold Quartz and Aurum mines operated by this company are adjacent to the town of Wells, which is 51 miles by road from Quesnel on the Pacific Great Eastern Railway. * By J. W. Patterson. 32 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Work done underground at the two mines was as follows:— Work Done Zone Mine Advance Ore Waste Level development— 1700 level Rainbow Rainbow and Tailings — Rainbow and Tailings No. 1 C.G.Q C.G.Q. Ft. 38 212 866 59 904 121 156 26 251 205 488 244 Tons 28 124 1,116 17 2,078 145 86 60 19 2,425 Tons 113 1800 level 729 1900 level - - C.G.Q 2,060 2000 level C.G.Q 174 2100 level C.G.Q 2,258 3500 level Aurum 560 3375 level . 526 3250 level . . _ 148 3125 level , — Aurum .„. Aurum Aurum Aurum 1,169 3000 level 516 2850 level 288 2550 level - - 886 Totals 3,570 6,098 9,427 Sublevel development— 1600level... - - - 1800 level Rainbow Rainbow. .„ Tailings Tailings... „ C.G.Q C.G.Q .. 64 28 146 171 29 14 259 81 112 68 131 53 C.G.Q... 105 180 344 135 24 87 2100 level C.G.Q Aurum Aurum Aurum Aurum.— Annim Aurum. 3625 level 88 3500 level 32 3375 level 443 3125 level - 188 3000 level 161 2550 level 114 972 788 1,297 C.G.Q Diamond drilling— 373 1,021 1,194 349 2,195 372 508 1,195 1,154 560 1800 level C.G.Q C.G.Q C.G.Q... 1900 level - 2100 level C.G.Q 3750 level Aurum. Aurum... — ,,... Aurum Aurum Aurum 3500 level- 3375 level 3125 level 3000 level - Total 9,221 Stoping— 1100 level Saunders - No. 1 ._ . Rainbow.. C.G.Q 211 1,063 753 9,966 22,356 400 10,870 1,911 570 2,305 6,973 297 1,385 11,713 13,905 3,132 C.G.Q .. . 1700 level C.G.Q. C.G.Q C.G.Q No. 1. .. C.G.Q C.G.Q Tailings and No. 1 4000 level - - Aurum Aurum Aurum Aurum.. Aurum . Aurum Aurum Aurum 3625 level 3500 level 3375 level . 3250 level 3125 level 3000 level - . 2850 level 2550 level Total 87,810 Except for two holes drilled to determine the bottom of Jack of Clubs Lake, all diamond drilling was done to check for possible extensions of known orebodies and for geological and mineralogical information in ground not explored previously. Production: Ore mined, 94,696 tons; waste mined, 10,724 tons; ore milled, 94,721 tons. Of the ore mined, 45,429 tons was from the Aurum mine. The average number of men employed was 210, of which 135 were employed underground. Due to greater stress being placed on accident prevention by the company, the accident-frequency rate was reduced by approximately 70 per cent from that of the previous year. LODE METALS 33 Gold QUESNEL* Yanks Peak (52° 121° N.E.) The Jim group of mineral claims is near Yanks Peak, about 11 Jim miles by road from Keithley Creek P.O. The claims are held by F. H. M. Codville, of Duncan, who, with two partners, W. E. Edwards and G. Burgleman, did 50 feet of crosscutting, a small amount of diamond drilling, and hauled 50 tons of ore by truck to the pilot mill on the adjoining Midas property. Changes in the milling process are contemplated, as gold recovery was considered unsatisfactory. [Reference: B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 34, 1954, pp. 65-68.] Copper Mouse Mountain (53° 122° S.E.) Mouse Mountain Nos. 1 to 15t about 110 by 30 feet. This property is 13 miles from Quesnel on the road to Wells. It includes fifteen claims located in 1955 by C. M. Fuller, J. Mac- Gowan, and D. Pearson. The main showing at the side of the road exposes greenish intermediate volcanic rocks for an area of Beyond the exposure is deep alluvium. About half the exposure is mineralized in some degree by chalcopyrite, bornite, and malachite. The chalcopyrite and bornite replace the volcanic rock and the malachite occurs chiefly in small slicken- sided fractures that strike on the average north 40 degrees east and mostly dip about 35 degrees northwest. There is no obvious control of the primary mineralization. During the autumn of 1955 and spring of 1956, exploration consisted of stripping the showing, hand-sorting a carload of ore which reportedly assayed 5 Vi per cent copper, and diamond drilling about 8,500 feet by Harrison Minerals Ltd., which had the property under option. WILLIAMS LAKEJ McLeeseLake (52° 122° S.E.) Copper This property includes 130 claims that extend eastward from a Iron Mountain line joining McLeese and Cuisson Lakes. The showings are about 3 miles northeast of McLeese Lake and may be reached from the Cariboo Highway at McLeese Lake by a branch from the dirt road that follows Sheridan Creek. The original nucleus of claims, the Iron Mountain group, was located in 1952 by S. Pearson. Additional claims were located by C. M. Fuller, J. MacGowan, and others from 1954 to 1956. The groups were optioned and further claims were located by The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited in August, 1956. The main showings are on the Iron Mountain and Iron Mountain Nos. 1 to 7 claims. The area of the showing is underlain by light-green schists with interbedded lenses and beds of marble that may be part of the Cache Creek group. Bedding and schistosity are parallel and strike eastward and dip about 30 degrees to the south. A contact with a granitic intrusion lies about 500 feet north of the showings and approximately parallel with the strike of the metamorphic rocks. The showings consist of an aligned series of thin lenses of magnetite or specular hematite with chalcopyrite which, together with garnet, pyroxene, and epidote, replace the enclosing marble and schist. The lenses of iron oxides parallel the bedding and have been traced for over 5,000 feet. Specular hematite forms the lenses in the central * By J. W. Patterson, except as noted. t By A. S. Brown. t By A. S. Brown, except as noted. 2 34 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 section of the showings, and magnetite those at either end. Individual lenses of iron oxides range between a few inches and 4 feet thick. The chalcopyrite occurs chiefly as disseminated blobs and grains within the iron oxide lenses, but malachite is widely distributed in small amounts in the surrounding schists, particularly on the footwall side of the lenses. The average copper content of the iron oxide lenses is about 2 per cent. Old workings include three shallow prospect shafts and a number of pits and trenches. In general the area of the showings is moderately well exposed. The exploration programme of Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company included a magnetometer survey, bulldozer trenching, and diamond drilling. The magnetometer survey revealed three anomalies—one over the outcrop zone and two farther south. Trenching proved the iron oxide lenses to be consistent but thin, and in addition proved a consistent, if low, copper content of the footwall schists. The X-ray drilling was inconclusive; only a total of 150 feet in five holes was completed before weather forced abandonment for the winter. Three holes on the main showings had extremely poor core recovery. Two holes on the southernmost anomaly showed it to be due to disseminated magnetite and that only traces of copper were present. Nickel (52° 122° S.E.) The Ni group of eight claims, located by Frank Ni* Merryth in April, 1956, lies immediately south of the east end of Williams Lake. The claims cover a band of rusty-brown ankeritic carbonate alteration that outcrops in prominent bluffs about 1,000 feet above Williams Lake and is readily visible from the north side of the lake. A zone of brecciation as much as 400 feet wide and trending about west is almost completely replaced by ankeritic carbonate. The faint brecciation is still evident in a few outcrops. The ankeritic carbonate is crossed by narrow veinlets of chalcedonic quartz and in some areas contain small flakes of pale-green mariposite. Minute grains of millerite have been identified by Professor R. M. Thompson, of the University of British Columbia. The locator of the claims reported having obtained assays as high as 0.7 per cent nickel from some samples of selected material. During the early summer a road was bulldozed to the foot of the ankerite bluff and three short drill-holes were put down by The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited. This work had been completed by late July, and nothing further was done on the claims. A sample of selected material assayed: Nickel, 0.23 per cent; chromium, 0.27 per cent. LAC LA HACHEf Takomkane (Big Timothy) Mountain (52° 120° S.W.) Molybdenum British Columbia office, 718 Granville Street, Vancouver. In 1956 Boss Mountain the Climax Molybdenum Company acquired by option 103 mineral (Climax Molybde- claims, including the Adanac, Adanac Fraction, Adanac No. 1, num Company) Adanac No. 2, Blacky, Bonnie, Geraldine, Tip Top, Tooty Fruity, and Utoo Crown-granted claims. The Crown-granted claims, located at various times between 1928 and 1935 and the recorded claims located in 1956, are at present owned by H. H. Huestis, of Vancouver, and associates. The claims are on both sides of a small eastward-flowing tributary of Molybdenite Creek. The headwaters of this tributary are on Takomkane Mountain, also known as Big Timothy or Boss Mountain. Takomkane Mountain is approximately 30 miles northeast of Lac la Hache. Access to the property can be gained by road from 100 Mile House through Forest Grove village and along Bradley Creek to the southern end of * By S. S. Holland. t By J. W. Patterson. LODE METALS 35 Murphy Lake and thence northeastward by pack-horse trail for about 20 miles. The last 22 miles of the road to Murphy Lake is suitable only for four-wheel-drive vehicles. Between September 26th and October 14th, five holes totalling 1,714 feet were diamond drilled on the property. [Reference: B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 9, 1940, pp. 34-47.] TASEKO LAKE* Copper Mohawk and Spokane (Canadian Exploration Limited) (51° 123° S.E.) General access to these groups of mineral claims is most easily gained by float-equipped aircraft to Taseko Lake and thence by about 9 miles of jeep-road from the south end of the lake along the north side of Taseko River. From the end of this road there are branch tractor-roads to the Spokane group at the headwaters of McClure Creek and the Mohawk group on the east side of Granite Creek, a short distance from its mouth. The north end of Taseko Lake can be reached by 55 miles of road from Hanceville, which is about 40 miles southwest of Williams Lake. In this area in 1956 Canadian Exploration Limited acquired by option 230 mineral claims from the Gadara Copper Syndicate, of Williams Lake, and G. N. Beattie, of Vancouver. G. N. Beattie owns the Mohawk group, while the Gadara Syndicate holds by record and option the remainder of the claims, including the Spokane group. A D-7 bulldozer and a jeep were brought to the properties via the Hanceville- Taseko Lake road and by a circuitous route which is not recommended for general use, from the north end of the lake to its south end. Three short diamond-drill holes totalling 228 feet were drilled on the Spokane group; one hole, 507 feet deep, was drilled on a west tributary of Granite Creek, 2VS_ miles above the junction of Granite Creek with Taseko River; one hole was drilled 457 feet deep east of Granite Creek near its mouth. Surface mapping, sampling, and trenching were done on the Mohawk group. In addition, the 9 miles of road from the south end of Taseko Lake along Taseko River was improved and tractor-roads were constructed to the Spokane and Mohawk groups. An average of eleven men was employed under the direction of C. C. Rennie, field engineer. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1935, pp. F 22-26.] Copper CLINTON* Poison Mountain (51° 122° S.W.) Copper Nos. 1 to 4 (The Granby Consolidated Mining In March, 1956, The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited recorded thirty-nine mineral claims on Poison Mountain around and adjacent to the Copper Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 claims. These four claims were located by H. Reynolds, Smelting and Power of Lillooet, in 1955 and cover ground originally located in 1935. Company Limited) The entire group of forty-three claims is at the junction of Copper Creek with Poison Mountain Creek. Before staking the Granby Company had acquired an option on the four copper claims. Staking crews were transported to Poison Mountain from Lillooet by helicopter. Poison Mountain is about 40 miles northwest of Lillooet and is near the headwaters of Yalakom River and Churn Creek. Access is by 36 miles of road from Big Bar ferry on the Fraser River. Thirty-two miles of this road was constructed by the Granby Company. It is suitable only for four-wheel-drive vehicles. * By J. W. Patterson. 36 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The principal sedimentary rocks underlying the property consist of interbedded sandstone and argillite overlain in several areas by pebble and boulder conglomerate, all of which have been intruded by a complex body of diorite porphyry and granodiorite. The sulphide mineralization, chalcopyrite and pyrite predominating, occurs as disseminations and fracture fillings in the porphyries, usually in greater amounts where the biotite content of the porphyries increases. As revealed by trenching, stripping, and diamond drilling, the most favourable zone is adjacent to and north of Copper Creek. Figure 1 shows this zone. Figure 1. Poison Mountain area. Showing approximate position of the Copper group of mineral claims. The average assay of samples taken by the Granby Company along the western end of this zone at 5-foot intervals over a continuous length of 250 feet was 0.60 per cent copper. The assays ranged from 0.07 to 2.60 per cent copper. Another mineralized zone lies east of Poison Mountain Creek immediately south of Fenton Creek, one of its tributaries. Fenton Creek is about half a mile north of Copper Creek. Deep overburden separates the two zones. LODE METALS 37 In both zones, minor amounts of sphalerite and molybdenite occur with the copper and iron sulphides. The gold and silver content is small. During the month of August 3,800 feet of bedrock was exposed by the removal of 25,900 cubic yards of overburden with a D-6 bulldozer, and ten holes totalling 1,973 feet were diamond drilled. Six men were employed under the direction of W. C. Cheesman. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1946, pp. 101-102.] LILLOOET* Blue Creek (51° 122° S.W.) Gold The Elizabeth group of four Crown-granted claims is north of Elizabeth Blue Creek, a tributary of Yalakom River. They are owned by Elizabeth U. White, of Vancouver, and T. W. Illidge, of Bralorne. Access to the property is by 48 miles of road from Lillooet. On this and adjoining ground, during the years 1941 and 1942 and 1946 to 1953, Bralorne Mines Limited did approximately 1,700 feet of stripping, 2,000 feet of crosscutting, 2,000 feet of drifting, 2,000 feet of diamond drilling, and 350 feet of raising. In 1956 five men, supervised by T. W. Illidge, collared a crosscut on the Elizabeth No. 1 claim at 7,230 feet elevation and drove 466 feet at about north 70 degrees west to explore two quartz veins exposed on surface. Both veins, the Main vein and the West vein, were intersected by the crosscut at 110 and 455 feet from the collar respectively. Twenty-four feet of drifting was done on the West vein. Mining equipment consisted of one 384-cubic-feet-per-minute Sullivan compressor powered by a D-13000 Caterpillar diesel, two Copco jackleg drills, one 2-ton rocker side-dumping car, and one Eimco 12B overhead loader. In addition to the underground work, the access road was repaired for 25 miles along Yalakom River and Blue Creek, and the former Bralorne camp was rehabilitated. Mining exploration was under the direction of W. H. White. [Reference: B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 32, 1953, pp. 46-50.] Gold Bridge River (50° 122° N.W.) Bralorne Mines Limited Company office, 555 Burrard Street, Vancouver; mine office, Bralorne. A. C. Taylor, president; M. M. O'Brien, vice-president and managing director; D. N. Matheson, general manager; C. M. Manning, general superintendent; C. D. Musser, mill superintendent. Capital: 1,250,000 shares, no par value. The Bralorne mine is on Cadwallader Creek, a tributary of Bridge River, and is 75 miles by road from Lillooet on the Pacific Great Eastern Railway. * By J. W. Patterson. 38 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 A summary of underground development and exploration work follows: Advance Work Done (Ft.) Drifting— 1951 drifts east and west 602 2002 drift west 384 2579 drift west 42 2793 drift east 133 2877 hangingwall drift west 106 2893 drift west 335 2977 drifts east and west 1,187 3077 drifts east and west 1,898 3177 drifts east and west 486 3277 drift east 133 3279 drift east 28 Total 5,334 scutting— 2002 hangingwall crosscut __„ _ 292 2677 No. 2 crosscut 80 2977 crosscut 356 2979 crosscut __ 73 3277 crosscut 241 3279 crosscut 253 2900 and 3200 level tail tracks 114 Total ne 1,409 Raising __ _ 2,170 Shaft-sinking— Queen shaft (19^ by 7 feet, four compartments) 56 Crown shaft (14V__ by 7 feet, three compartments) 122 Total 178 Diamond drilling 5,972 Most of the development work was done below the 2600 level on the 77 and 93 veins. The levels below the 2600 level are serviced by the Queen shaft, the greater part of which was sunk in 1954. Other major development was on the 2000 level in the area below the old King mine and in the adjoining property of Taylor (Bridge River) Mines Limited. Facilities are being provided in the Crown shaft for handling ore hauled from the Queen shaft on the 2600 level. The Crown shaft has been deepened 122 feet and the excavation of a loading-pocket has been started. A new Ingersoll-Rand 72- by 58-inch double-drum electric hoist equipped with internal expanding jaw-type clutches has been installed on the 2600 level to service the Queen shaft. Most of the diamond drilling was directed to locate the extensions of known veins on new development levels and to test the walls of veins on productive levels for possible parallel structures. Production: Ore mined, 114,909 tons; waste mined, 19,781 tons; ore milled, 131,662 tons. At the end of 1956, 55 per cent of the ore mined was from the Queen shaft levels. Fill for the stopes on these levels was brought into the mine from the waste dump at the mill-site. LODE METALS 39 The average number of men employed was 370, of which 265 were employed underground. Due mainly to the efforts of G. J. Lee, safety director, the accident-frequency rate was reduced by about 50 per cent from that of the previous year. Twenty-seven supervisors were trained in job safety and job instruction. Company office, 711 Yorkshire Building, 525 Seymour Street, Pioneer Gold Vancouver; mine office, Pioneer Mine. Victor Spencer, president; Mines of B.C. H. T. James, managing director; W. B. Montgomery, mine Limited manager; J. C. Moore, mine superintendent; T. Bevister, mill superintendent. Capital: 2,500,000 shares, $1 par value. The Pioneer mine is on Cadwallader Creek, a tributary of Bridge River, and is about 78 miles by road from Lillooet on the Pacific Great Eastern Railway. The property adjoins that of Bralorne on the east. The following is a summary of the work performed underground:—• Work Done Advance Ore Waste Drifting— Ft. 827.0 83.0 44.0 624.5 Tons 624 434 114 1,938 Tons 3,491 56 28 level, 27 HW vein 1,211 Totnls 1,578.5 3,110 4,758 Crosscutting— 20 level - 1,977.0 57.0 543.5 25 51 8,832 25 level . 284 29 level - - 1,087 Totals 2,577.5 76 10,203 Raising— 141.5 138.0 152.0 157.5 209.5 154.0 207 22 level, waste pass „ 26 lev. 1j 77 win 338 261 687 445 293 ?8 Jrvpl, 77 vein 47 . Q lfVP'j 77 vRin Totals 952.5 1,731 547 Stope development and production— 13 3,643 9,953 5,473 1,624 32,881 27,466 6,969 823 1,447 29 T> level, 77 vein 165.0 147.5 23 level, 27 vein _ _ 24 level, 27 vein. 26 level, 27 vein _ 130.0 119.5 25.5 138.0 31 27 level, 27 vein „ . 41 28 level, 27 vein 17 29 level, 27 vein Totals 725.5 90,292 118 Diamond drilling— 10 level _ 221 407 6,193 800 440 630 5,111 50 (Purpose) Testing 27 vein. 15 level _. Southward exploration in FW of Main vein. Exploration and testing 89 and 92 veins. Exploration of Main vein FW structures. 20 level , 25 level 27 level. 28 level- Testing 29 vein and HW of 27 vein. 29 level _ 29 level sump also HW structures. Drainage holes to sump. Total 13,852 40 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Exploration was concentrated on the 2000 and 2900 levels. Three hundred and sixty-four feet of marginal ore was exposed by drifting along the 89 vein on the 2000 level. On the 2900 level, drifting was continued to the north along the 27 vein. No new oreshoots were found. The Taylor tunnel was reopened, and a raise was driven 141 feet on the 40 vein, the last 75 feet being in ore above average mine grade. New construction consisted of a warehouse and a core-shed on the mill-site and a shed at No. 3 shaft headframe. Major repairs were made to the mill foundation, to the cribbing along Cadwallader Creek, and to the No. 2 pipe-line which supplies water to the hydro-plant. Underground, new measuring hoppers were installed in No. 2 shaft in the 2000 level and 2600 level loading-pockets. Two loading-pockets were excavated at No. 3 shaft above the 2200 level and were equipped with measuring-hoppers. On surface a new sheave was installed in the No. 3 shaft headframe, and a 25-kva. 2,200-110/220-volt transformer was installed to improve domestic distribution of electricity. In the mill, No. 1 conveyor was replaced by a Syntron feeder. Late in 1956 the number of tons milled per day was increased from 250 to 275. This increase was made possible by the introduction of Aerofloc 3000 to the mill circuit, which promoted settling of slimes in the thickeners. Production: Ore mined, 95,209 tons; waste mined, 15,626 tons; ore milled (after sorting), 88,537 tons. Due mainly to B. C. Murray's continuing efforts as safety director, the accident- frequency rate was reduced by 56 per cent from that of the previous year. A total of forty-one persons were trained in first aid, seven of whom received industrial certificates. Twenty-eight employees and two supervisors were trained in job safety and job instruction. Cobalt-Gold-Uranium Company office, 510 West Hastings Street, Vancouver. A. R. Little Gem (North- Allen, president; J. MacBeth, superintendent. This property, ern Gem Mining consisting of eight Crown-granted and twenty-six recorded mineral Corporation Ltd.) claims, is on Roxey Creek near its headwaters. Roxey Creek flows northeast into Gun Creek and is west of Gun Lake. The main ore-mineral occurrences are about half a mile east of and 700 feet above the mine camp on Roxey Creek. By road the camp is 3 miles from Gun Creek and 15 miles from the Bridge River road. The 3 miles of road from Gun Creek is suitable only for four- wheel-drive vehicles. The mineral occurrences were discovered by W. Haylmore and W. H. Ball in 1934. J. M. Taylor acquired the claims in 1937, and in 1938 optioned them to the United States Vanadium Corporation. This option was relinquished in 1939 after the mineral occurrences had been explored by two adits at elevations of 6,192 and 6,250 feet. In 1940, for part of the year, Bralorne Mines Limited held an option, during which time the lower adit was extended and two short raises were driven from that level. No further extensive exploration was done until Estella Mines Limited drilled twelve diamond-drill holes from the lower adit. This company relinquished its option in 1953. In 1956 Northern Gem Mining Company acquired an option on the Crown-granted claims and ownership of the adjoining Palang and Paul groups of recorded claims. Ten claims comprising the O.K. group were recorded in 1956. Work commenced on June 1st and continued until October 27th. The Gun Creek road and the road from Gun Creek to the mine camp were repaired. The latter road required rebuilding in places. A camp consisting of semi-permanent buildings of frame construction was established on the east bank of Roxey Creek. A cook-house, powder-house, blacksmith- shop, and a compressor-house were erected and four tents with wood floors and walls to LODE METALS 41 house the crew. Equipment and materials were transported from the camp-site to the portal of the lower adit by truck and a jigback-single-track-cable tramway. Four diamond-drill holes totalling 697 feet were drilled downwards from the lower adit. The upper adit was prepared for drifting and crosscutting. The number of employees averaged eight. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1948, pp. 112-119.] Cayoosh Creek (50° 122° N.W.) Gold The Dry Gulch group of five claims is owned by P. Meury, of Dry Gulch Lillooet. The claims are adjacent to Cayoosh Creek and are about 1 mile above the mouth of Enterprise Creek. Four open-cuts, all within 1,000 feet of Meury's cabin, were examined. Three of the open-cuts exposed narrow quartz stringers for short distances; one open-cut was entirely in quartzite. Two chip samples taken of the quartz in two open-cuts assayed: Gold, nil; silver, nil. Rusty Creek (50° 121° N.W.) Copper Company office, 569 Howe Street, Vancouver. R. A. Brossard, Copper King (High- president; C. W. S. Tremaine, consulting engineer. This property land Valley Mining is at the headwaters of Rusty Creek, a tributary of Fountain Creek Corporation Ltd.) which flows north into the Fraser River. A jeep-road 3 miles long connects the property to the Fountain Valley road 5 miles from its junction with the Lillooet-Pavilion road. Work consisted chiefly of extending and sampling several of the old open-cuts. A 105-cubic-foot-per-minute compressor provided air for drilling. Two miles of road suitable only for four-wheel-drive vehicles was built, and 1 mile of existing road was repaired and improved. The work was done by a crew of four men supervised by A. Greenway, of Lillooet. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1949, pp. 114-115.] HIGHLAND VALLEY* The encouraging results of exploration work on the property of Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd. in Highland Valley in 1955 served to focus interest in the copper possibilties of that area, and of the Guichon Creek batholith in general. As a result, 7,324 mineral claims were located in the Kamloops Mining Division in 1956. Of these, more than 6,000 were in the Highland Valley and near vicinity. The location of some groups of claims with relation to Highland Valley and to the holdings of Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd. are shown on the index map, Figure 2. Numerous other groups lying to the north and south are not shown. Highland Valley is southeast of Ashcroft, about 30 miles distant by road. Alternatively it may be reached by the Tunkwa Lake road extending south from Savona or by the Mamit Lake road extending north from Merritt. The Highland Valley is underlain by the Guichon Creek batholith and associated intrusives, which on Forge Mountain are unconformably overlain by mid-Tertiary basaltic lavas. The dominant rock of the Guichon Creek batholith is quartz diorite, but detailed geological work, especially that done by company geologists on the Bethlehem Copper property, has shown that the older quartz diorite is intruded by several distinctive younger quartz diorites and by several porphyries as well. Rocks instrusive into the older quartz diorite have been recognized on several of the other properties, but * By Stuart S. Holland and E. R. Hughes. 42 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Figure 2. Index Map of some properties in Highland Valley. 1. Krain Copper Ltd. 2. Salmo Prince Mines Limited. 3. Trojan Consolidated Mines Ltd. 4. Northlodge Copper Mines Limited. 5. Farwest Tungsten Copper Mines Limited and Beaver Lodge Uranium Mines Limited. 6. Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd. 7. Outrider group (Farwest Tungsten and Beaver Lodge Uranium). 8. O.K. mine. 9. Bethsaida Copper Mines Limited, including the Crown-granted Tamarac and Osprey groups. 10. Graham Bousquet Gold Mines Limited. 11. Empire claim. 12. Kathleen claim. 13. Laco Mines Limited. 14. Skeena Silver Mines Ltd. 15. Sheba Copper Mines Limited. 16. Jericho Mines Ltd. a considerable amount of petrographic work will be necessary in order to relate them to the Bethlehem Copper intrusive sequence. On the Bethlehem Copper and Trojan properties there are areas of breccia composed of fragments of quartz diorite and porphyry. These may represent explosive volcanic vents that were associated with deep-seated instrusions represented by the several porphyries. It is worth noting at this time that the breccia occurrences were recorded in the Annual Report for 1907, and that in the Annual Report for 1923 the Iona copper LODE METALS 43 occurrence, on what is now Bethlehem Copper, was commended because of its resemblance to the porphyry copper occurrence at Bingham Canyon, Utah. Primary copper mineralization consisting largely of chalcopyrite and bornite, with which some molybdenite may be associated, is in zones of fracturing or sheeting within the quartz diorites and breccia, or may be disseminated through a mass of hydrothermally altered rock. Structural controls of mineralization seem to differ from one property to another, and no common denominator is yet apparent. [References: Duffell, S., and McTaggart, K. C: Ashcroft Map Area, Geol. Surv. Canada, Mem. 262, 1952. Cockfield, W. E.: Nicola Map Area, Geol. Surv. Canada, Mem. 249, 1948. White, W. H.: Bethlehem Copper, Canadian Mining Jour., Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 76-77, 1956.] (50° 121° N.E.) Company office, 1008, 850 West Hastings Krain Copper Ltd. Street, Vancouver. President, D. F. Farris. This company holds (1) twenty-one claims and fractions on the east side of the north peak of Forge Mountain adjoining the Transvaal group on the northeast. The main showing is 1 mile northeast of the Transvaal camp. The claims cover copper showings described in earlier Annual Reports under Keystone. The old work was done in an area of quartz diorite containing malachite and underlying basaltic lavas which cap the north peak of Forge Mountain. Surface diamond drilling and bulldozer trenching have explored the zone of mineralized quartz diorite. During 1956 exploratory work consisted of: Geochemical soil sampling on one claim, 34,000 lineal feet of line cutting for surveying and geological mapping, magnetometer surveying of six claims, and 6,478 feet of diamond drilling and 3,500 feet of bulldozer trenching in the mineralized zone. The work was done by Farwest Tungsten Copper Mines Limited under the direction of W. M. Sirola, chief geologist, and G. E. Apps, engineer. Camp buildings to accommodate sixteen men were constructed. (50° 120° N.W.) Company office, 108, 413 Granville Street, Vancouver. R. T. Blackmore, president. The company holds fifty-eight claims to the east of the Krain and about \Vi miles north of the Trojan camp. The claims were prospected, and under the direction of R. B. Stokes a geochemical soil survey was made of the property. This involved the cutting of 76 miles of picket line and the analyses of 4,000 soil samples. An area of high copper content was found which subsequently was explored by 2,400 feet of bulldozer stripping in an area 2,500 feet long and 300 feet wide. Seven men were employed. Company office, 303 Williams Building, 413 Granville Street, Vancouver. A. J. McClellan, president; M. Hunt, resident engineer. On November 27th, 1956, Trojan Exploration Limited, Jackson Mines Limited, and Tri-Side Mining Corporation Limited went into voluntary liquidation and were merged as one company, Trojan Consolidated Mines Ltd. This company holds 110 claims east and southeast of Forge Mountain. Trojan.—(50° 120° N.W.) The Trojan mine area lies between the Transvaal and Lodge groups and is about 3 miles northwest of Jersey Lake on the Bethlehem Copper Corporation ground. Old workings are on copper showings described in earlier Annual Reports under Albatross and Canopus. The claims are underlain by quartz diorite of the Guichon Creek batholith. Breccia composed of fragments of quartz diorite and porphyry occupies an area 1,500 feet long and 800 feet wide. In some zones it it chloritized and tourmalinized, and mineralized with chalcopyrite and bornite and a variety of secondary copper minerals. Salmo Prince Mines Limited (2) Trojan Consolidated Mines Ltd. (3) 44 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The breccia zone was under active exploration by stripping and diamond drilling. In 1956, 500 lineal feet of bulldozed trenches were dug and forty diamond-drill holes totalling 27,718 feet were drilled. In November preparations were made for sinking a 250-foot 2-compartment shaft. At the end of the year the shaft was 40 feet deep and sinking was being continued. A camp to accommodate thirty-five men was built on a site about 1,000 feet from the shaft. Included in the camp buildings are three bunk-houses, washroom, cook-house, first-aid room, office, lighting-generator room, and warehouses. Twenty men were employed. Transvaal.—(50° 121° N.E.) The Transvaal is one of the oldest groups in the area, having been located in 1899. It lies east of the south peak of Forge Mountain and about Wi miles northwest of the Trojan. Over the years a considerable amount of underground work has been done on the Transvaal veins, which are northerly striking fractures along which there has been intense tourmalinization of the quartz diorite and introduction of copper mineralization. In 1956 the Nos. 1 and 2 levels of the old Transvaal shaft were cleaned out and a new headframe was erected. Underground work was discontinued after some sampling and diamond drilling had been done. During the summer a small crew was employed prospecting and in making a detailed geological map of the holdings. Tri-Side.—(50° 120° N.W. and 121° N.E.) A small crew was employed prospecting and making a geochemical soil survey. Copper anomalies were subsequently trenched by bulldozer. (50° 120° N.W.) This company is jointly controlled by Farwest Northlodge Copper Tungsten Copper Mines Limited (company office, 206, 1178 West Mines Limited Pender Street, Vancouver; D. T. Farris, president) and Beaver (4) Lodge Uranium Mines Limited. The company holds seventy-two claims, of which the main Northlodge group lies directly north of the Bethlehem Copper Corporation claims. The Northlodge camp is IVi miles north of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake and 1 mile south of the Trojan camp. The camp will accommodate thirty men. The claims are very largely covered by overburden, and outcrops are extremely scarce. Prospecting consisted of a magnetometer survey on thirty-seven claims and geochemical soil sampling on eleven claims. In addition, 148,000 lineal feet of line was cut for surveying and geological mapping, and 424 feet of diamond drilling and 3,100 feet of bulldozer trenching were done. The magnetometer survey showed an area of low magnetic flux about 4,000 feet long and 2,300 feet wide in the northwest part of the group. This anomaly underlies an area of drift cover too deep to be trenched by bulldozer, and exploration by drilling is planned. The work was done under the direction of W. M. Sirola, chief geologist, and G. E. Apps, engineer. The Beaver (50° 121° N.E.), Outrider (50° 120° S.W.), and Beaver (5), D.W. groups are jointly owned by Farwest Tungsten Copper Mines Outrider (7), Limited and Beaver Lodge Uranium Mines Limited. These claims and D.W. had no previously known showings on them and are very largely covered by overburden. A magnetometer survey of eighteen claims was made, and 230,000 feet of line was cut for geological mapping and geochemical soil sampling. Four hundred feet of diamond drilling was done on the D.W. group. The exploration work was done by Farwest Tungsten Copper Mines Limited under the direction of W. M. Sirola, chief geologist, and G. E. Apps, engineer. LODE METALS 45 (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 402, 1111 West Georgia Bethlehem Copper Street, Vancouver. H. H. Huestis, president. The company holds Corporation Ltd. 112 claims to the northeast of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake. Explo- (6) ration of the claims is being financed and directed by American Smelting and Refining Co. Ltd. by agreement and contract with the company. Engineer in charge of the Bethlehem Copper project is C. J. Coveney. Exploration work done during 1956 included 33,975 lineal feet of bulldozer trenching and 22,928 feet of diamond drilling (predominantly NX core). The drilling was done by Boyles Bros. Drilling Company Ltd., using four diesel-powered drills. During the latter part of the year 1,000-foot vertical holes were being drilled, and the use of drilling mud had increased the core recovery to over 90 per cent. The drilling was very largely concentrated on the Jersey zone near Jersey Lake. The greater depth of the vertical holes has materially increased the ore tonnage from the amount previously indicated by inclined holes which reached a vertical depth of about 400 feet. The company in December released the information that the estimated tonnage to date was: Iona zone, 25,000,000 tons; Jersey zone, 56,000,000 tons. (50° 121 ° S.E.) Company office, 206, 1178 West Pender Street, Bethsaida Copper Vancouver. D. F. Farris, president; W. M. Sirola, chief geolo- Mines Limited (9) gist; G. E. Apps, engineer. The company holds sixty-four claims on the west side of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake. The located claims surround the old Tamarac and Osprey groups, where surface and underground work had been done before 1915. During the summer fifty-one claims were prospected by means of magnetometer and geochemical soil surveys. This necessitated the cutting of 141,300 feet of line to enable soil samples to be taken at 200-foot intervals along lines 200 feet apart. The soil survey revealed a high copper anomaly in an area completely devoid of outcrop. A trench bulldozed to a depth of 5 feet and more for a length of 1,200 feet disclosed copper mineralization in the bedrock but of too low grade to warrant further exploration. A total of 14,675 lineal feet of bulldozer trenching was done. Part of it was to explore a westerly striking zone of sheeting 15 to 20 feet wide in which narrow quartz stringers are mineralized with chalcopyrite and molybdenite. About 1,500 feet of surface diamond drilling was done on this zone before work was abandoned because of the generally low copper content. Trenching on the eastern side of the claims revealed a small inclusion or pendant of quartzite within the Bethsaida quartz diorite. This is the sole inclusion of old rocks known in the area, and despite the fact that it is only 5 feet wide its intense mineralization with disseminated chalcopyrite should serve to direct attention to this type of occurrence. Additional work included 1,000 feet of percussion drilling, 1,120 feet of trenching for bulk sampling of mineralized areas, channel sampling of veins exposed in trenches, and geological mapping of trenches and outcrops. (50° 121° S.E.) Company office, 1116, 85 Richmond Street Graham Bousquet West, Toronto. T. J. Day, president. The company holds a very Gold Mines large number of claims in the Highland Valley area. During the Limited (10) summer, work under the direction of H. Darling was concentrated on holdings south and east of the Bethsaida ground. The claims were prospected and surveyed, and a geochemical soil survey was made. (50° 121° S.E.) Company office, 602, 199 Bay Street, Toronto. Laco Mines Limited J. C. L. Allen, president. The company holds sixteen claims (13) south of Calling Lake. The old road between the O.K. mine and Calling Lake was made passable for cars, and a tent camp was established at the west end of the lake. From it three men prospected the claims. In late August a few hundred feet of bulldozer trench was dug on copper showings near the west boundary of the Empire claim. 46 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 (50° 121 ° S.E.) Company office, 411, 850 West Hastings Street, Victor (Skeena Vancouver 1. S. S. Parker, president; C. Rutherford, consulting Silver Mines Ltd.) engineer; George Burdett, mine foreman. The company holds (14) by record twenty-one claims and fractions, 2 miles southeast of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake on the old forestry trail to Gnawed Mountain, which lies to the southeast of Highland Valley. The property is a relocation of ground formerly covered by the Victor group. Underground work at the Victor adit consisted of 420 feet of drifting and cross- cutting and 800 feet of diamond drilling. Surface exploration included 1,306 feet of diamond drilling and 3,075 feet of bulldozer trenching. A geochemical soil survey was made of the property. The camp consists of bunk-house accommodation for twelve men, a cook-house, and a dry-house. Eleven men were employed. (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, Suite 204, 717 West Pender Jericho Mines Street, Vancouver 1. R. Franklin Stibbard, president. The com- Ltd. (16) pany holds forty claims and fractions straddling Witches Brook, about 8 miles east of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake, and about 5 miles west of the Mamit Lake-Savona road. Exploratory work included 1,100 feet of surface diamond drilling. Topographical, geological, and geophysical surveys were made. The geophysical work was completed late in November, and a bunk-house and cookhouse, sufficient to accommodate twenty men, were erected. MEADOW CREEK* Copper (50° 120° S. W.) Company office, Suite 401, 640 West Hastings Dunmore Mines Street, Vancouver. Thomas Moore, president. This property of Ltd. seventeen claims is in the Meadow Creek area 35 miles from Kam loops, 45 miles from Merritt, and ?>Vi miles south of the Mamit Lake-Kamloops road. It includes ground formerly covered in part by the Bertha and Molly claims. Bulldozer exploration work consisted of three open-cuts totalling 5,428 cubic yards and stripping of overburden in areas totalling approximately 3 acres. Two miles of tractor-road and 2 miles of truck-road were constructed. Surface diamond drilling amounting to 2,000 feet was done in seventeen holes. At the camp-site is one 30- by 20-foot cabin. Two or three men were employed from April to November. GUICHON CREEK* Copper (50° 120° S.W.) Company office, 402 West Pender Street, Van- Northwestern couver. J. S. Scott, manager, Vancouver; P. E. Hirst, superin- Explorations, tendent, Merritt. This company is a subsidiary of Kennecott Limited Copper Corporation. In 1956 the company held by purchase and option 150 located and nine Crown-granted claims. The property straddles Guichon Creek 4 miles south of Mamit Lake, and includes the old Vimy and Aberdeen mines. Exploratory work started in May included surface diamond drilling, stripping of overburden, and soil sampling. Some magnetometer surveying was done. Three miles of road was built and a bridge was constructed across Guichon Creek. Two diamond drills were continuously employed from May to December, and a total of 10,428 feet of drilling was done in twenty-four holes. Low-grade disseminated copper is present in altered granitic rocks of the Guichon Creek batholith. Twenty men were employed, including the diamond-drill crew. * By E. R. Hughes. LODE METALS 47 NICOLA* Copper (50° 120° S.W.) Head office, Room 608, 1255 Phillips Square, Copperado (Western Montreal; mine office, Merritt. D. W. Heller, president, Montreal; Copperada Mining R. E. Parkes, general superintendent, Merritt. This mine is 5 Corporation) miles by road northeast of Nicola. It was closed on November 23rd, 1951, and remained closed until reopened by Guichon Mine Limited in May, 1956, when the shaft was unwatered to the 250 level, and a raise was driven 50 feet in ore from the 100-foot level. Approximately 95 tons of ore was produced, and of this, 45 tons was shipped to the Tacoma smelter for test purposes. The property was taken over on December 1st by Western Copperada Mining Corporation on a 99-year lease. The 450-foot shaft was unwatered and the underground workings were surveyed. At the end of the year eighteen men were employed. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1949, pp. 115-120.] KAMLOOPSf Copper Deposits Associated with the Eastern Part of the Iron Mask Batholith near Kamloops Introduction The Iron Mask batholith is 3 miles southwest of Kamloops and extends for a distance of 18 miles in a northwesterly direction. It is partly overlain by Tertiary rocks. Associated with the batholith are numerous copper deposits, some of which carry appreciable values in gold and silver. Deposits of magnetite also occur. Despite a long history of exploration, only one important copper producer has been found, the Iron Mask mine. Ten weeks were spent between June and September, 1956, examining the known mineral occurrences from the Iron Mask mine eastward. The area covered is about 40 square miles. Most of the workings, prospects, and showings are indicated on Figure 3, those of greater interest being identified by numbers as follows: 1, Python and Copper Head; 2, Orphan Boy; 3, Noonday; 4, Lost Chord; 5, O.K.; 6, Evening Star; 7, Lucky Strike; 8, Windsor; 9, Iron Mask and Erin; 10, Night Hawk (Larsen); 11, Ajax; 12, Wheal Tamar; 13, Monte Carlo; 14, Joker; 15, Amakua (Grey Mask); 16, Iron Cap; 17, Kimberley; 18, Kingpin; 19, Utopia; 20, Dewey. No part of the area is more than 10 miles by motor-road from Kamloops. Precipitation is low and much of the mapped area is open grazing country, but Coal Hill, Sugar- loaf Hill, and the southwestern margin of the batholith are well timbered. Vertical relief is moderate, with elevations lying between 2,000 and 3,600 feet. The only streams with all-year flow are Anderson Creek, Peterson Creek, and a tributary of the latter, Humphrey Creek. Consequently the only bodies of fresh water are Jacko and Edith Lakes, which are on Peterson and Humphrey Creeks. Many saline ponds occur, and in spring and early summer these may provide water for diamond drilling at most localities within the area. For mill operation the Iron Mask mine pumped water a vertical distance of 1,600 feet from Kamloops Lake. The grain of the country trends northwest and has been emphasized by glacial scour. Outcrops are abundant on Coal Hill, Sugarloaf Hill, and the higher ground east of Jacko Lake. Outcrops are rare at the outer contacts of the batholith. History In 1896, the first year in which activity is recorded, over 200 claims were located. By 1900 underground work had been done at the Python, Noonday, Lucky Strike, Iron * By E. R. Hughes, t By J. M. Carr. 48 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Mask, Wheal Tamar, Iron Cap, and Kimberley properties. Most of these properties have produced a few tons of selected ore. Exclusive of that from the Iron Mask and associated orebodies, the total production recorded from the area up to 1940 is 419 tons of copper-bearing material, mostly with low gold and silver content. West of the area the Copper King mine at Cherry Bluff produced 7,460 tons of material containing about 3 per cent copper and 0.14 ounce of gold per ton. The Glen mine, in the same area, from 1891 to 1904 shipped 16,000 tons of magnetite as flux to the Nelson and Tacoma smelters. The Iron Mask and Erin are the largest known orebodies. The approximate average grade of 182,494 tons milled and shipped from both bodies was 1.47 per cent copper, 0.02 ounce per ton of gold, and 0.08 ounce per ton of silver. Production lasted with some breaks from 1904 until 1928, and was from the Iron Mask and partly from the Erin and smaller orebodies in the vicinity. In 1916 the Granby Mining and Smelting Company optioned the Python, Evening Star, and Wheal Tamar groups and carried out diamond drilling, but the results of this work are not recorded. Recent exploration has included geophysical surveys followed by diamond drilling. In 1951 and 1952 Berens River Mines Limited held 113 mineral claims and drilled twenty-two holes totalling 5,497 feet. Also in 1951 and 1952 Kennco Explorations (Canada) Limited made an electromagnetic survey of fifty-eight claims in the Pothook area, 3 miles west of the Iron Mask mine, and put down fourteen diamond-drill holes of a total length of 4,555 feet. This work indicated a large tonnage of submarginal material. In 1956 a geophysical survey was carried out on behalf of Graham Bousquet Gold Mines Limited over 118 claims which include the area surveyed by Kennco and which extend west of Sugarloaf Hill. Mineral claims covered most of the area in 1956. The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited has been active in the area since 1954. Including work done in 1929, this company has diamond drilled a total length of over 16,000 feet on the Ajax-Monte Carlo group. Other companies have extended old workings on the Night Hawk, Python, Copper Head, and Evening Star claims. Closely spaced diamond drilling has been done in 1955 and 1956 at two adjacent prospects in the extreme southeast part of the exposed batholithic area. Rock Types Four principal types of rock have been recognized within the batholith (Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 249, pp. 17-18, and unpublished thesis by W. H. Mathews); namely, an intermediate type (diorite, gabbro), a more acid type (syenite and monzonite), a basic type (pyroxenite), and a hydrothermally altered type. Only pyroxenite was mapped separately. Peridotite noted southeast of Jacko Lake was thought to be part of the batholith. In this report, only two divisions are made of the batholithic rocks. They are made on the basis of field appearance and fabric rather than of composition. The rocks of one division are sufficiently different from those of the other that they may be considered to have distinct modes of origin. Altered rocks fall within either division and are described separately. The coarser-grained batholithic rocks are typically plutonic and possess a mean grain size greater than 1 Vz mm. Among them diorite and gabbro show rapid variation to much coarser grain sizes. The finer-grained batholithic rocks possess a mean grain size less than lVi mm. and are more uniform in appearance. Some were previously mapped as Kamloops volcanics. Cache Creek Rocks.—Grey glassy andesite and black, laminated, tuffaceous argil- lites that outcrop on the Merritt highway are assumed to belong to the Cache Creek group, of pre-Triassic age. 120*25' 50*40' 120° 20' Figure 3 EASTERN PART OF THE IRON MASK BATHOLITH LEGEND KAMLOOPS GROUP Andesite, basalt '.'•','.'[ Tranquille beds RON MASK BATHOLITH '\ ~- ~l Microdiorite, micromonzonite i- -r\ Gabbro, diorite, pyroxenite, monzonite, syenite POST-NICOLA INTRUSIONS Picrite-basalt and serpentine NICOLA GROUP + + lAndesite and basalt lava, tuff and agglomerate CACHE CREEK GROUP r.v.'.'.'-.l Andesite and tuffaceous argillite 2000 ______ :...'•■ Outcrop boundary Geological contact ^^ Dip of volcanic rocks (VAAA/WW pQU | H Shaft >- Adit 1 ' Open-cut • Diamond-drill hole O Abandoned coal mine X Mineralized showing or prospect (2) Localities described in text 4000 __________! 6000_ __!__! Feet f "I" T T + » .•*, .... + + + + + -P", .*».*•'•*• • , + + + W*S&%M + / + + + + +t • *»• • • • /f + + + + \-.V-.v.*. + + + + + V. .tK. .. .. + + + Wss&Mss, + + + Vi", *,*. ".*.•.*. + + + + v •.-••• - fife + + + SiV.V.V.-. a. 4- -_?•*?,_«- _i_\ x^±\ ♦. ♦ * *** ♦ • \+^+\V.v?V.., ?.*++^>.-.v.v.. +\+ *. + ve-^__a 1 •• *. *. *. $. \ + + + \* + . _. + ""■•:» + + "''SSL.* • • • • _•*¥.+ + + SO$£S&l& ■if? + + *vrw' ~ '•'.'. afta? + + %&:::'.'.: \f\- + + + Iff'-'-•.•.•• +\ ^. + + +.,%........ *'>>.+ + fiff %*''•."• S^. +^^3&_x .+nv + + +u +X+M- + + + + **>■* + + + +■ + \<* + + + + + +.+ q\ + + + +•;.+ + + + + + + + +$5?+ + + + + + + +J-« + + + + + + + + + + + J-^TTts.+ + + + + + + ,-r:•,•'•'•••:•'.• '••^;">n.+ + ±^ <■■'■::■■■■ ■■■■■■ '■:■'.'■'■'■ .>■< + »>:•..;;.; .:v';:..::-v:.;:V>^'\ shUmway, h ill.&;.-r.:•...•>> 120*25' 50°35' 120*20' LODE METALS 49 Nicola Rocks.—Rocks of the Triassic Nicola group are all volcanic. Limestone is recorded 1 mile southwest of Sugarloaf Hill (Kamloops map-sheet, 1896), but no sedimentary material of Nicola age is known in the present area. The Nicola rocks differ in character from place to place around the batholith. The northern outcrops are of strongly altered andesite, red, green, or grey in colour. Some are porphyritic. Epidote disseminations and veinlets are usual, and in places the rocks are sparsely mineralized. Near Knutsford the principal representative is a grey feldspathic andesite showing vesicularity and a mild alteration involving epidote. Pyroclastic types, predominantly of basaltic composition, are usual in the southern part of the area. Bedded and massive tuffs occur between Jacko and Edith Lakes. Mottled dull-green agglomeratic tuff is widespread parallel to the contact with Cache Creek rocks, where it is much sheared and broken. The same rock also outcrops west of the Monte Carlo workings. It is exposed underground in the Star workings, in association with grey volcanic rocks. In places a distinction between Nicola and Kamloops volcanic rocks has to be based upon the degree of hydrothermal alteration shown and is hard to achieve in the field. Picrite-Basalt.—Although occurring as intrusions within the batholith, this rock is not batholithic. The unaltered rock is known only at two places; namely, in an adit at 2,519 feet elevation on the Copper Head mineral claim, and southeast of Jacko Lake. Although it has been called peridotite, the unaltered rock possesses a glassy matrix and is similar to picrite-basalt north of Kamloops Lake. It is a greenish-black dense rock of conspicuously porphyritic appearance. Closely spaced crystals of serpentinized olivine range in size to as much as one-fifth of an inch. Both when fresh and when altered, the rock is for the most part appreciably magnetic. Coarser-grained Batholithic Rocks.—Pyroxenite is known only in the Jacko and Edith Lakes area. It is a heavy grey-green rock of crystalline appearance and is strongly magnetic. It consists almost wholly of pyroxene, hornblende, and magnetite. Dioritic or gabbroic rocks rich in pyroxene occur in the same region, and will be termed pyrox- enic diorite. Gabbro and diorite are not separately recognizable except under the microscope, and diorite will be used as a general term. The rock has a variable appearance because of common changes in grain size and in the proportion of light- to dark-coloured components. In slightly weathered outcrop it is dark brown to light grey. On the broken surface the rock is uniformly dark grey-green or is white and dark speckled, according to whether the feldspar is somewhat altered or is fresh. Biotite is a usual component and shows as glistening flakes that may be light coloured by alteration. The rock is commonly magnetic. An inconstant banding is developed in places, and inclusions of dark fine-grained rock are quite usual. Monzonite principally underlies an area along the northeast margin of the batholith, eastward from the Lost Chord working. It occurs locally in several other places, notably at the Iron Cap mine. The rock is more uniform than diorite, from which it is distinguished by the pink colour of much of the feldspar, which includes orthoclase. In part at least, monzonite is an alteration product of diorite. It may be relatively nonmagnetic, as at the Iron Cap mine. Finer-grained Batholithic Rocks.—These rocks may be termed microdiorite and micromonzonite, to distinguish each from its coarser-grained counterpart of similar composition. Microgranodiorite also occurs. These varieties probably do not form separate bodies, but instead grade into each other. Processes of alteration and recrystallization appear to be responsible for some of the existing differences. All the rocks are grey, white, or pinkish in colour. The mean grain size is 1 mm., but a porphyritic tendency is usual. There is commonly a perceptible foliation, marked by bladed crystals of pyroxene and hornblende and by flaky ones of biotite where this 50 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 mineral is sufficiently abundant. Sparse chloritic inclusions of some other rock type do not exceed 1 inch in length. At one locality, 3,000 feet southeast of Coal Hill, somewhat larger inclusions of altered diorite were observed. Microgranodiorite is a whiter rock than microdiorite and in places contains visible quartz. It mainly occurs south and east of the Lucky Strike workings, but is also present in the vicinity of the Ajax workings. Microdiorite is light grey and speckled on the weathered surface, and a uniform darker grey on the fresh surface. Like the associated rocks, it is commonly cut by epidote veinlets. In general it is a rather even-grained rock, but it may grade into a conspicuously porphyritic type. Micromonzonite is distinguished from microdiorite by its prevalent pinkish coloration, which is due to orthoclase or microcline. The rock may contain a small amount of quartz. Micromonzonite and monzonite may locally converge in character so that the one is difficult to tell from the other, probably because both are altered varieties of dioritic rocks. Porphyritic microdiorite is a distinctive rock, yet is not easy to separate from microdiorite in the field because of complex intergradation. It contains abundant elongate hornblende crystals, set more or less parallel to one another in a dark-grey crystalline matrix. The rock is thus commonly foliated. Porphyritic microdiorite occupies most of Sugarloaf Hill, occurs in the Ajax-Monte Carlo vicinity, and outcrops in the southeastern- most part of the batholith. In all of these places it is slightly mineralized. Rather similar rock is seen a short distance south of the Python shaft in unknown relationship to the surrounding diorite. Certain dykes cutting diorite, Nicola volcanics, and picrite-basalt resemble porphyritic microdiorite. Kamloops Volcanic and Sedimentary Rocks.—The Tranquille beds are very poorly exposed. At the filled-in shaft of an abandoned coal mine on Guerin Creek, debris of altered lava with copper stain confirms that here the beds rest directly on Nicola rocks, as mapped in 1895 (Kamloops map-sheet). The beds are reported to be 50 feet thick at this locality, with several coal seams totalling 30 inches. They are much broken up (Ann. Rept., 1924). The volcanic rocks have been dated as Miocene or earlier (Mem. 249, p. 39). Agglomerate occurs in the extreme north of the area. Elsewhere comparatively fresh andesite and basalt lavas give indications of low dips. Direct evidence of basalt lava resting on the batholithic rocks exists north of Edith Lake. Agate of poor quality weathers out of the volcanic rock, west of the Merritt highway and three-quarters of a mile from its junction with the Trans-Canada Highway. Dykes.—Excepting those cutting Tertiary volcanics near the Trans-Canada Highway, no post-mineral dykes are identified. Dykes are scarce or absent in the heart of the batholith. Andesite dykes, some of which resemble porphyritic microdiorite, occur within diorite in the Iron Mask and Python vicinities. They were intruded prior to alteration of the diorite. Rock Alteration The batholithic rocks are strongly altered near zones of structural weakness. White rocks and pink rocks are produced, each representing a distinct kind of alteration. Distribution of the two kinds is overlapping, and since there is no evidence as to which was first, they may be related in origin. The alteration occurred subsequently to dyke intrusion and prior to mineralization. It was presumably effected at fairly high temperatures. White alteration, which has been named albitization (Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 249, pp. 104-105), causes progressive elimination of dark minerals and results in speckled rocks which are whiter the more intense the alteration they represent. Any previous coarseness of grain is preserved as seen under the microscope, but in the field a rather fine-grained appearance is universal. Calcite and epidote are commonly dis- LODE METALS 51 seminated and in veinlets, and may be accompanied by minor amounts of pyrite. Magnetite content is low, the iron having been absorbed into new chlorite, epidote, and pyrite. White rocks produced by alteration of diorite and gabbro are partly albitites, and partly rocks that are otherwise identical but contain feldspar more calcic than albite. The difference seems, from the present study, to bear no relation to proximity of mineralization and cannot be recognized in the field. The bodies of altered rock are unsymmetrical but dyke-like, with relatively sharp outlines against less-altered diorite. The trend is irregular and the size ranges from a few feet to many tens of feet in least dimension. Most of the altered diorite shows no copper mineralization. The principal areas in which these altered diorite bodies occur are between the Iron Mask mine area and the summit of Coal Hill, and north of the Monte Carlo workings. Near the boundary of the strongly altered areas, diorite is altered to white rock in a net pattern along intersecting sealed fractures. The white alteration of the finer-grained batholithic rocks is less noticeable because of the light colour and fine grain of the unaltered rock. In the Ajax-Monte Carlo area at least, the white altered rocks are albitites. The alteration commonly affects numerous narrow sections of the rock rather than the whole mass. However, in the vicinity of the Ajax tunnel, where mineralization is strong, large masses of microdiorite are fairly uniformly albitized. Veinlets of analcite and albite traverse the altered sections, but in some instances similar veinlets are of a more calcic feldspar. The strongly albitized rock is generally non-magnetic; it rarely contains lenses of solid magnetite up to 6 inches wide. Pink alteration is most obvious between the Iron Mask mine and the Noonday shaft, where replacement veins of pink orthoclase feldspar are very abundant. The pink veins occur sparsely in diorite and monzonite elsewhere along the margin. They have not been observed in the interior of the area, nor are they well developed in the finer-grained rocks. The veins vary from massive and persistent to narrow and diffuse. In the immediate vicinity of the Python mineralized zone the pink veins form a replacement breccia (that is, a breccia bonded by replacement veins). Adjacent to the veins, diorite is changed to monzonite. Individual veins frequently contain one or more of the following minerals: Calcite, epidote, albite, biotite, magnetite, and chalcopyrite. Calcite and epidote are the most common, and at least a trace of chalcopyrite usually accompanies them. Biotite may be somewhat earlier than the other minerals, whose crystallization partly occurred after the veins were fractured. All the above minerals may occur within the adjacent altered diorite rather than in a vein. Monzonite at the Iron Cap mine and east of the Lost Chord claim almost certainly represents altered diorite; it contains slender pink veins and the mineral assemblage just noted. Magnetite is abundant as lenses and veins, but the rock itself is impoverished in magnetite. Although well-defined pink veins do not occur in the finer-grained rocks, orthoclase and microcline have undoubtedly been introduced within some of the rocks classed as micromonzonites. Overlapping of the pink and white alterations is evident at several localities. On the Ajax claim, both unaltered and albitized microdiorites contain vague stringers and patches of pink feldspar. In the Python and Iron Mask areas, similarly vague pink veins occur in whitened diorite. Near the Lucky Strike shaft, albitized diorite contains much introduced quartz and orthoclase. Picrite-basalt in structurally weak zones is mostly altered to a hard uniformly dark- green rock in which the altered porphyritic crystals appear as vague rounded black shapes. Where the rock is fractured, the fracture planes are smooth and pass with equal facility through altered crystals and matrix. Microscopic examination shows that the original, partly serpentinized olivine crystals are reduced to talc, serpentine, and magnetite, and that the glassy matrix and small pyroxene crystals are replaced by a fine dense 52 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 aggregate of tremolite, chlorite, and magnetite. The altered rock corresponds very closely to the third Carabine Creek specimen described in Memoir 249 (p. 24). Picrite-basalt is altered in this manner at its contact with diorite on the Copper Head claim, but has suffered only talcose alteration of the porphyritic crystals at its contact with altered Nicola volcanics. The more fully altered rock may break down to a slippery green sand, from which reddish hematized pellets can be picked by hand. This later alteration was probably effected during faulting, for the disintegrated rock appears along the strike of the Copper Head shear zone. At the Larsen workings and near the Iron Mask shaft, picrite-basalt is converted to a black rock glistening with abundant finely disseminated biotite and traversed by talcose slips. The outlines of the altered olivine crystals cannot be distinguished, and the rock consists largely of pyroxene, hornblende, and biotite. Under the microscope, narrow veinlets of these minerals with brown garnet are seen. This alteration is a high- temperature kind and probably involved addition of material. Basaltic tuff at the Star shaft and olivine-basalt at the Monte Carlo workings are altered to talc-chlorite rocks. Structure Evidence concerning the structure of this part of the batholith is insufficient to allow firm conclusions to be drawn. The following is, therefore, a discussion of the structural setting in which mineralization has occurred. Two or three intrusive episodes preceded consolidation of the batholith; two if the coarser- and finer-grained rocks be considered contemporaneous, three if they be considered distinct. The picrite-basalt bodies are structurally a part of the batholith, and imply a phase of intrusion after emplacement of the coarser-grained rocks, because lenses of diorite are enclosed by picrite-basalt in the Larsen crosscut. There is no direct evidence of the age of picrite-basalt relative to the finer-grained batholithic rocks, but the following relationships appear significant. Sections of micromonzonite occur well inside picrite-basalt in drill-hole No. 23 south of the Mars tunnel, and resemble dykes rather than inclusions. Porphyritic microdiorite occurs as dykes cutting picrite-basalt and diorite. Picrite-basalt at the Larsen workings has apparently been altered at high temperatures and with addition of magnetic components, presumably from near-by later micromonzonite. These indirect lines of evidence suggest that the finer-grained rocks are later than picrite-basalt. The finer-grained rocks should therefore be later than the coarser-grained rocks, but no firm evidence has been found. Alteration has obscured the original relationships, and on surface no precise contact between large masses of the two rocks has been seen. In the Ajax drill cores the contact is interfingering, with diorite retaining its coarseness of grain at all of the many individual contacts with the finer rock. The relationship is certainly not gradational, and the finer-grained rocks seem to have intimately penetrated the previously consolidated diorite. The sequence of intrusion may be: (a) Coarser-grained rocks, (_.) picrite-basalt, and (c) finer-grained rocks. A probable pre-Cretaceous age has been assigned to the batholith, and rocks at Carabine and Watching Creeks that correspond closely with picrite-basalt of the present area have been dated as post-Cretaceous (Mem. 249, pp. 18, 29). A cursory examination made by the writer in the Carabine Creek area failed to indicate that the picrite-basalt was part of the bedded tuff succession, to which a post-Cretaceous age applies. Consequently the picrite-basalt may not be post-Cretaceous, and the earlier age of the Iron Mask batholith can be accepted. Zones of recurring fracture were active early in the history of the batholith. Portions of the zones are recognized where picrite-basalt or Nicola tuffs are in contact with batholithic rocks. Three early zones are partly identified—one at each batholithic margin and LODE METALS 53 the third within the batholith between the Evening Star and Iron Mask localities. Unlike the marginally situated zones, the third zone is apparently strongly arcuate. The zones may have partly determined the early batholithic contacts, which date from the first intrusive episode. In a second episode the zones were invaded by individual bodies of picrite-basalt. In a third episode, intrusion of the finer-grained batholithic rocks tended to follow the fracture zones and to obliterate them. These successive events have determined the dominant northwesterly trend of the intrusive contacts. No through-going faults have been identified within the batholith. Faulting is chiefly observed at and near the contacts of batholithic rocks with picrite-basalt or altered tuffs. In the Python, Iron Mask, and Ajax areas, alteration of the batholithic rocks was preceded by intensive brecciation within 600 feet of picrite-basalt contacts. Coincidence of the later zones of dislocation with parts of the early fracture zones does not necessarily imply reactivation of the early zones throughout their whole original length; on the contrary, movement was probably restricted to the immediate vicinity of the altered incompetent picrite-basalt and basaltic tuffs. Post-mineral faulting is probably widespread but may involve no large displacements. It is evident in the Python mineralized zone and is reported at the Iron Cap mine. Southeast of the Monte Carlo workings, Tertiary lava is probably faulted against Nicola rocks. Discussion of the Mineralization The copper deposits are veins, stockworks, and disseminations of replacement origin and mesothermal type. Chalcopyrite is the principal copper-bearing mineral and is accompanied by pyrite in widely varying proportion. Partial oxidation of sulphide minerals may extend to 150 feet depth but is unpredictable in occurrence. Gold and silver values are generally low and, if anything, decrease with increasing proportion of pyrite. Native copper and chalcocite occur at two localities and are probably of primary origin. Other native copper disseminations lie west of the area. Bornite is important at the Copper King mine at Cherry Bluff. Altered wallrock is the chief gangue. In the northern deposits it contains much pink orthoclase feldspar. Magnetite is associated with this pink material as veins, lenses, and strong disseminations. One small magnetite vein, intersected by a diamond-drill hole east of the Lost Chord claim, contains apatite, and in that respect resembles iron deposits to the west of the present area. In this and other cases the magnetite is earlier than the chalcopyrite. Calcite and epidote are invariably closely associated with the sulphides. Gangue minerals of more restricted distribution include gypsum, ankerite, specular hematite, and quartz. Fluorite, prehnite, and zeolites occur in the northern part of the area. Rock alteration and mineralization in batholithic rocks are as a rule adjacent to structurally weak masses of picrite-basalt and altered tuffs. Mineralization occurs at some of these contacts and as much as 1,000 feet from them. Stockworks such as that of the Python locality are mineralized zones of brecciation. Veins, on the other hand, are mineralized faults and locally exhibit a uniformity of attitude, such as that shown by the Iron Mask mine plans and as may exist in the Ajax area. Intense rock alteration is a general guide to the likelihood of strong or widespread mineralization. In the coarse-grained rocks, pink replacement breccia represents structural conditions conducive to mineralization. Monzonite with few pink veins may be host to disseminated sulphides. White rock alteration of diorite is probably too widely distributed to indicate orebodies. Among the finer-grained rocks, better mineralization may be indicated by a greater intensity of white alteration. Geophysical exploration assumes special importance in view of the poorly exposed nature of many critical areas. Electromagnetic methods have been widely used, and, despite the drilling of many non-mineralized conductors, probably remain the most satis- 54 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 factory. Resistivity methods have been employed to a limited extent in the Python area, but are suspect because of the rapidly varying thickness of cover. Magnetic methods have received little attention, yet may have some use in view of the possible lowering of magnetic susceptibility by white alteration of the rocks. Pink alteration, in the form of replacement breccia, or monzonite, is accompanied by a rise in magnetic susceptibility. [References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1896-1930, 1940, 1951, 1952, 1955; Geol. Surv., Canada, Report, Kamloops Map Sheet, 1895; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 38, 1915, pp. 140-141; Geol. Surv., Canada, Econ. Geol. Series No. 3, 1926; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 249 (Nicola Map-area), 1948.] (50° 120° N.E.) Head office, 1208 Vancouver Block, Vancou- Makaoo Develop- ver; mine office, Kamloops. W. I. Nelson, president and general men. Company manager, Kamloops. This company holds seventy-five mineral Limited claims in a block whose boundaries are shown in Figure 3. Five of the claims are Crown granted. Exploration work has been done by the present company on the Python and Copper Head zones in the Python group (1),* on the Lost Chord claim (4), Orphan Boy shaft (2), and the old O.K. workings (5). Earlier activity was principally on the Python group of four Crown-granted claims, some of which were located as early as 1896. Prior to the First World War, the Python workings consisted of the Python adit, 525 feet in length, the Python shaft, 123 feet deep, and the Noonday (3) shaft, about 100 feet deep. The position of these workings is shown on Figure 3. In 1899, 30 tons of material containing about 8 per cent copper was shipped from the Python group. The group was held by Canadian Mining and Smelting Company for a short time in 1954, when selected areas were covered by electromagnetic survey. In 1955 the Makaoo Company reclaimed the Python adit and renamed it the 2825 level. In the course of this work the adit was shortened from 525 to 460 feet. During 1956 the Copper Head and Python zones, upon which much of the early exploration work had been done, were further developed. Underground work at this level consisted of 295 feet of drifting and 179 feet of crosscutting in the Copper Head zone, and 806 feet of drifting and 610 feet of crosscutting in the Python zone. In addition, a new adit at 2,519 feet elevation was driven 350 feet in a southwesterly direction from a portal situated 1,130 feet northerly from the portal of the 2825 level. Surface exploration included 901 feet of trenching, directed along the picrite-basalt and diorite contact from the Orphan Boy workings eastward to a point 2,600 feet beyond the Python shaft. Surface diamond drilling amounted to 3,822 feet, much of which was done on other groups of claims. The sites of these holes are shown on Figure 3. A total of 16,200 feet of road was constructed. The Copper Head mineralized zone occurs within picrite-basalt at a highly sheared contact with altered diorite. The shearing is 6 feet wide and has an over-all trend of north 40 degrees west, but in the Copper Head workings it strikes north 25 degrees west. The dip is 70 degrees or more to the south. The picrite-basalt is pulverized within the shear zone, and in the footwall is less broken up but contains some strongly sheared sections. The hangingwall diorite contains pink veins of orthoclase feldspar and is traversed by numerous chloritic fractures. Chalcopyrite is strongly disseminated in the shear zone and in the footwall. Gangue minerals are not abundant. Lenses of calcite and occasionally of tremolite asbestos occur, and contain small stringers of chalcopyrite. Small crystals of white fluorite line cavities within the mineralized rock. Little pyrite is present, and little oxidation of the chalcopyrite has occurred. On the hangingwall, diorite contains disseminated chalcopyrite for a foot or so from the shear zone and at greater distances where brecciated pink veins occur. * Numbers in parentheses refer to location on Figure 3. LODE METALS 55 Several steep faults pass from diorite into the shear zone, and apparently displace it. A shallow west-dipping fault cuts the shear zone in No. 1 crosscut. Results of chip sampling in the Copper Head zone are given below. Sample locations are shown on Figure 4. Samples from the Copper Head Zone Sample No. Location Gold Silver Copper 5 feet across shear zone- | 4V_ feet across hangingwall side of shear zone.. | 5 feet, of which 3V4 feet is shear zone and W2 feet in the footwall- I Oz. per Ton 0.07 0.14 0.02 Oz. per Ton 0.2 0.2 Per Cent 1.6 3.5 0.8 The greatest width of mineralized rock is 23 feet, in No. 1 crosscut. The increased width there may be due to partial repetition of the shear zone by oblique faulting. The shear zone is exposed on surface about 40 feet above Nos. 7 and 9 crosscuts. The mineralization extends across a width of about 20 feet in picrite-basalt. The adjacent diorite contains disseminated chalcopyrite. The main mass of picrite-basalt is poorly mineralized, on the evidence of surface diamond-drill hole No. 17, 300 feet north of the portal. This hole was drilled south 30 degrees west at minus 45 degrees. Throughout its length of 409 feet, the hole cut picrite- basalt containing some sheared sections and sporadic small amounts of chalcopyrite and pyrite. The Python zone occurs within a replacement breccia (see p. ) of feldspathized diorite or gabbro. The replacement breccia has ill-defined margins and grades into less altered diorite. In the breccia the pink feldspar veins are non-systematic; elsewhere they are wider, more persistent, and tend to adopt one or more distinct attitudes. Where more massive veining occurs rather than replacement breccia, mineralization is purely local and is confined to the immediate vicinity of the pink veins. Epidote, calcite, magnetite, and chalcopyrite occur within or at the margins of many veins, either singly or as a varied assemblage of these minerals. In many instances they fill fractures within a vein. The same minerals also occur disseminated in the adjacent altered diorite. The replacement breccia in which the Python mineralized zone occurs probably forms a steeply dipping tabular lens or pipe, which in the workings barely encloses the two mineralized areas that are shown on Figure 4. In plan it is elongate approximately east-west. Chip samples were taken at positions shown on Figure 4. Samples from the Python Zone Sample No. Location Gold Silver Copper 4 Oz. per Ton 0.05 0.01 0.02 Oz. per Ton Trace Per Cent 6.9 5 1.0 6 2 3 Chalcopyrite is essentially the only sulphide present. It occurs as stringers and lenses of varied orientation and as a dissemination in the feldspathized diorite. The larger lenses have a thickness of 1 foot. In places the ore is vuggy, with calcite, epidote, and some fluorite in the cavities. Quartz is virtually lacking. Magnetite lenses, nodules, and disseminations are common. Some oxidation of the sulphide to carbonates has occurred. The ore is brecciated and dragged by steep faults striking north-northeast and west- northwest. The northerly faults offset those of the other set with small apparent dis- 56 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 placements. A green muddy breccia as much as 1 foot wide is commonly present along parts of the faults. Specks of chalcopyrite in the green breccia probably represent mechanically incorporated material. The walls of the breccia are coated with a brown gouge, and are polished and slickensided in a manner indicating horizontal and oblique movement, probably subsequent to formation of the breccia. Only one of the northerly faults in the Copper Head (No. 1) drift possesses green breccia, but several show a thin seam of brown gouge. In No. 6 west drift an east fault probably moved later than faults of the two main sets. It follows a massive pink vein and contains a calcite breccia. The faults shown on the 55-foot level of the Python shaft, which was not accessible, are based on information supplied by the company engineer. Other workings lie at the 110-foot level (Ann. Rept., 1913, p. 189). On the surface, oxidized material carrying chalcopyrite and carbonates is exposed in the positions indicated on Figure 4. Weaker mineralization extends west of those exposures and is in diorite containing relatively few pink veins. Outcrops of replacement breccia are restricted to the localities of richer mineralization. The sum of evidence available from surface and underground exposures and from diamond drilling is insufficient to show the shape and full extent of the Python mineralized zone. A large number of trenches have been dug across the prevailing strike between the Orphan Boy workings and a point 2,600 feet easterly of the Python shaft. The longest one is some 1,200 feet in length and is directed southward toward the Noonday shaft. It lies immediately east of an assumed northerly fault shown on Figure 3. On the road at its northern end this cut exposes strongly albitized diorite which is in steep sheared contact with picrite-basalt to the south. Pyritic mineralization occurs in the diorite and at the sheared contact. The trench exposes 500 feet of sparsely mineralized picrite- basalt, which is in sheared contact with diorite to the south. This contact is penetrated at shallow depth by surface diamond-drill hole No. 3, and is not abundantly mineralized. It corresponds in structural location to the Copper Head shear zone. The succeeding diorite carries pink veins on a scale approaching that of the Python replacement breccia. Chalcopyrite is disseminated for about 200 feet north of the picrite-basalt, and also occurs as minor stringers in association with the pink veins. The Noonday shaft is at the approximate southern limit of the pink veins, on an outcrop of sparsely mineralized diorite with pink veins. At the collar a steep shear trends north 5 degrees east. The shaft is inaccessible; in 1913 it was said to be 75 feet deep. The Lost Chord workings are a short distance east of the Python group. No semblance of the structures seen on the Python group is apparent at these old showings, on which work was recorded in 1903 and 1913. Of two short adits, one is southwest of and about 70 feet higher than the other. The upper adit is 6 feet long and exposes a steep 4-inch-wide fault striking north 70 degrees east and carrying copper carbonates. The lower adit is driven southwestward 20 feet into partly altered diorite. Both north and northwesterly shears occur but are not mineralized. The diorite contains a trace of disseminated chalcopyrite. No pink veins occur in the general vicinity. Bornite was reported in the showings, on which there were once a number of open-cuts. The Orphan Boy workings date from the early years of activity. A brief description is given in the Annual Report for 1903 (p. 179). A shaft, now flooded, was stated then to be 30 feet deep. Nothing can be seen at the collar of the shaft, but recent open- cutting has exposed, 20 feet from the shaft, an oxidized vein of sulphides following a shear that strikes east. Fifty feet north of the vein, which occurs in diorite with pink veins, a sheared contact of picrite-basalt and diorite is exposed. This contact is again visible 400 feet to the southeast, but at neither place is mineralization evident. Two surface holes, Nos. 23 and 24, were drilled with moderate dips northeastward to test this contact at greater depth. The core of No. 23, the only one examined by the writer, LODE METALS 57 failed to show appreciable mineralization. The shear zone was intersected in this hole at a vertical depth of 200 feet. The O.K. workings are three-quarters of a mile northeast of the Orphan Boy shaft. They are reported to consist of an adit and two shafts, of which one had east and west crosscuts at a 50-foot depth (Ann. Repts., 1899 and 1904). Makaoo Development Company has trenched in the vicinity of an old shaft about 10 feet deep, exposing several narrow oxidized veins of sulphide near a fault that strikes north 70 degrees east and dips northward. The host rock is diorite with pink veins. This shaft is not as deep as either of the reported ones, whose positions were not discovered by the writer. (50° 120° N.E.) Head office, Room 1408, Royal Bank Building, Galaxy Minerals 675 West Hastings Street, Vancouver; mine office, Kamloops. Ltd. W. Fred Evans, president, Vancouver; W. I. Nelson, vice-president and general manager, Kamloops. This company holds seventy- eight mineral claims, the general boundary of which is shown on Figure 3. Six of the claims are Crown granted. Underground work has been confined to the old shaft on the Evening Star (6) claim. This shaft was sunk to its final depth of 90 feet between 1903 and 1908. A shipment in 1916-17 is recorded of 53 tons of material containing about 0.5 ounce per ton of silver and 5 per cent copper. The present company cleaned out and retimbered the shaft and did 1,545 feet of trenching, mostly in the vicinity of the shaft. A total of 1,247 feet of diamond drilling was done at various sites shown on Figure 3. Four thousand feet of road was built. Workings extending from the shaft consist of a drift 15 feet long and a northeasterly crosscut 60 feet long. The drift on the 55-foot level and the first part of the crosscut on the lower level expose talcose, serpentinized basaltic tuff. This rock is strongly sheared and foliated on planes striking north 50 to 60 degrees west. Mineralization is sparse and consists of narrow stringers and disseminations of chalcopyrite. These are associated with magnetite nodules and rather abundantly disseminated pyrite. Stronger mineralization occurs between two faults of north dip at 24 and 32 feet respectively from the shaft. A chip sample across 3 feet close to the northern fault assayed: Gold, 0.01 oz. per ton; silver, trace; copper, 1.7 per cent. The succeeding, more blocky fracturing tuff contains a very small amount of sulphide. At 53 feet a narrow fault strikes north 60 degrees east and dips 70 degrees to the north. Beyond it is diorite with pink feldspathic patches and disseminated chalcopyrite. A sample of this rock at the fault assayed: Gold, 0.01 oz. per ton; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton; copper, 0.65 per cent. Two hundred feet northeast of the Star shaft, and probably on the Golden Star claim, is a short adit driven northeastward in tuff. A number of open-cuts explore an area immediately north of the shaft. The trenched area forms a rectangle 600 feet in a north-northwesterly direction and 300 feet east-northeasterly. Fractured grey tuffs and coarser-grained volcanic rocks are mostly exposed. Albitized diorite occurs at and southwest of an old shallow shaft 500 feet north-northeast of the Star shaft. Lenses of similar rock occur elsewhere, in sheared contact with the volcanics. Some of the lenses are highly albitized and have a small content of quartz. Faults and minor shears trend north 60 degrees west and carry limonite derived from sulphides. The end of one trench overlies the face of the crosscut; it indicates that the mineralized zone at the face is unlikely to be more than a few feet in width. In the vicinity of an old shallow pit 900 feet southeast of the Star shaft, two open-cuts have been bulldozed. They expose tuff with limonitic shears of uncertain strike. At the old pit, said to have been a gold prospect, a zone of intense carbonate alteration may represent a fault striking north 70 degrees east. A strong topographical depression extends from the Star workings northwestward, passing south of the Lucky Strike (7) shaft. Immediately north of the depression and 400 feet south of the shaft, a pit 25 feet in diameter exposes a strongly oxidized zone that 58 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 strikes north 60 degrees west. The only sulphide now preserved is pyrite. The host rock is feldspathized diorite similar to that at the Lucky Strike shaft. A shallow inclined diamond-drill hole, No. 9, was put down between this pit and the Lucky strike shaft. It failed to intersect mineralization. (50° 120° N.E.) Company office, 1519 Marine Building, 355 Inland Copper Burrard Street, Vancouver; mine office, Kamloops. W. I. Nelson, Mines Ltd. manager, Kamloops. This company holds by location seventy-one mineral claims in two areas shown on Figure 3. Work comprised trenching at scattered localities, totalling 297 feet in length, 1,081 feet of AX diamond drilling, and 136 feet of X-ray diamond drilling. Those holes whose cores were examined by the writer are located on Figure 3. Two shallow AX holes were drilled to explore showings on the Windsor (8) group of claims 1 Vz miles east-southeast of Jacko Lake. Old workings spaced along a fine 260 feet long, trending north 80 degrees west, consist of an inclined shaft more than 20 feet deep and several trenches and shallow pits. The rocks are Nicola volcanics, including banded tuff. The exposures in the workings indicate that a fault, striking north 80 degrees west and mineralized across a width of 3 feet, gives place westward to two or more fractures whose strike is north 60 degrees west. The fractures dip about 60 degrees to the north. Mineralization consists of chalcopyrite and abundant pyrite, rather coarsely crystallized in calcite and quartz gangue. Sulphides extend into the adjacent sheared greenstone. Samples of the best material on the dumps at the shaft and the large pit assayed 1.5 and 0.69 per cent copper respectively. Negligible amounts of gold and silver are present. The diamond-drill holes, inclined to the southwest at minus 45 degrees, were not placed advantageously to intersect the mineralization should it persist to depth. Minor pyrite-magnetite mineralization was encountered at shallow depth in hole W2 300 feet northwest of the shaft. This hole ended at a depth of 220 feet, approximately on the strike of the fault in the shaft and 260 feet from it. At the end the hole passes from greenstones into strongly albitized and brecciated diorite and microdiorite. Hole Wl ends 50 feet to the northwest of the eastern large pit at a depth of 134 feet. An additional 20 feet of drilling would possibly have intersected the fault seen in that pit. The hole passes through altered picrite-basalt into greenstones and back into serpentinous rock. Minor pyrite occurs near the end. Trenching is reported to have been done by the present company on the Jay group of claims, which lies north of the Python group. At several localities in this vicinity, hydro thermally altered volcanic rocks are stained by malachite. A specimen from close to the west bank of Guerin Creek, about 1,200 feet south of the abandoned coal mine, shows specks of native copper within epidosite. This rock, made up entirely of quartz and epidote, is traversed by occasional minute veinlets of chalcocite. Several old diggings occur in the general area. (50° 120° N.E.) Company office, Royal Bank Building, Kam- Iron Mask loops. J. W. Murray, manager. This company holds forty mineral (Kamloops Copper claims, of which seven are Crown granted. Within the property Company Ltd.) shown on Figure 3 are several privately owned Crown-granted claims. The company was formed in 1951 to take over property that included the Iron Mask (9) mine. A shaft now known as the Larsen was deepened from 35 to 90 feet slope depth on the Night Hawk (10) claim, and the shaft on the Lucky Strike (7) claim was retimbered. In 1952 the property was optioned by Berens River Mines Limited. The Larsen shaft was again deepened, a first-level station cut at 90 feet slope depth, and a drift run west for 65 feet. Three holes totalling 400 feet were drilled underground, presumably all from a drilling-station which exists at the end of this drift. An electromagnetic survey of the property was followed by diamond drilling on surface. Nine holes were drilled, totalling 2,300 feet. Four of the holes were drilled in LODE METALS 59 the general neighbourhood of the Lucky Strike shaft, four in the vicinity of the Larsen and Bonnie Etta workings, and one on the L.S. No. 1 Fractional claim, across the highway from the Larsen shaft. Where known, the sites of these surface holes are indicated on Figure 3 or on Figure 5. In 1956 Kamloops Copper Company unwatered the Larsen shaft and extended the working on the 90-foot level. A total of 292 feet of crosscutting and 230 feet of drifting were done. Four holes totalling 1,400 feet were diamond drilled from the end of the crosscut. A total of 12,000 lineal feet of bulldozer trenching was done, of which about 60 per cent exposed bedrock. Excepting some trenches made late in the year, all are shown on Figure 5. Surface diamond drilling amounted to three holes totalling 1,800 feet. An electromagnetic survey was made of an area measuring 6,000 by 6,000 feet that extends immediately north of the Iron Mask shaft. The Larsen shaft, started in 1905, is sunk on the dip of a vein at 63 degrees due south and has a slope depth of 100 feet. At 90 feet a crosscut extends south 30 degrees west for 104 feet, then south 10 degrees west for 185 feet to the face. The elevation of the level is close to that of the 200 level of the Norma workings, toward which it has been directed. One drift extends 100 feet to the east and two others extend 65 and 133 feet to the west respectively. In the Larsen workings the main or No. 1 zone of mineralization is in diorite north of a faulted contact with picrite-basalt, which is altered as previously described (p. 52). Where seen along the southern west drift, this contact dips very steeply. To the south the crosscut exposes picrite-basalt to the face. The inner part of the east drift is said to follow the contact. Except in the first west drift, the diorite is mostly altered to a replacement breccia similar to that of the Python zone. Pink veins ramify through the rock, which contains introduced orthoclase feldspar, magnetite, and chalcopyrite. Much calcite is present. In the second west drift are irregular dyke- or lens-shaped masses of white rock which contains pink veins and is generally mineralized. This rock consists principally of plagioclase feldspar, calcite, and epidote, and represents diorite which is almost wholly recrystallized. Albitization is not known to have occurred in the neighbourhood of the Larsen workings. The southern west drift follows a well-mineralized fault zone 5 to 6 feet wide. Each wall follows fairly closely a persistent vein of chalcopyrite. The veins swell and pinch from place to place and range in width to 6 inches or more. They are linked obliquely by other fissure-controlled veins of similar width, whose strike is about north 60 degrees west. In the first 75 feet of the drift there are at least three oblique veins, of which two dip southwest moderately steeply. Other oblique veins may occur beyond the northernmost persistent vein. In addition, the diorite and white rock are traversed irregularly by minor stringers of chalcopyrite and carry disseminated chalcopyrite. The veins are brecciated and in places vuggy; much of the sulphide is granular. Oxidation is slight. Calcite, epidote, and gypsum occur in the gangue, together with occasional well- crystallized fluorite, prehnite, and zeolite. Talc and gypsum occur on slips in the diorite. Minor chalcocite is said to occur in material on the dump. The average assay of chip samples taken across drift-width, 13 feet from the crosscut, is: Gold, 0.03 oz. per ton; silver, 0.1 oz. per ton; copper, 2.25 per cent. At the place of sampling the northern vein was very narrow. A narrow east vein occurs between the No. 1 zone and the shaft station. The vein on which the shaft is sunk is oxidized to a depth of about 30 feet, and here appears to be 3 feet wide. At the working level, the vein is not very wide, but the diorite at the shaft has disseminated chalcopyrite. For a distance of 190 feet south of the contact, picrite-basalt encloses numerous lenticular masses of white rock containing pink veins and disseminated sulphide. The 60 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 masses are shear bounded, and closely spaced faulting is general throughout the whole section. Talc occurs on the slips. Only two faults are significantly mineralized. The southerly one, 105 feet from the contact, is termed the No. 2 zone and is 3 feet wide, strikes east, and dips steeply south. It contains several narrow coalescing veins of chalcopyrite. Two holes drilled south from the face of the crosscut did not penetrate an appreciable amount of mineralization. Hole AI was horizontal and 436 feet long; A2, 451 feet long, was drilled in the same direction as AI but at minus 25 degrees. These holes showed the picrite-basalt to have a steep south-dipping contact with altered diorite 50 feet south of the crosscut. A further 90 feet of picrite-basalt with white rock was intersected at 290 feet in hole AI. This same mass was intersected in A2 at 333 feet and continued to the end of the hole. In AI small amounts of chalcopyrite occur at the picrite-basalt contact and in a shear zone midway in the mass. Further picrite-basalt succeeds diorite 220 feet north of the Norma workings in a long cut; 50 feet to the west, steep 6-inch-wide veins are in white diorite with pink veins. There is no precise indication as to how far the No. 1 zone extends west of the Larsen workings. A long trench 2,600 feet west of the shaft failed to reach bedrock. A trench farther west exposes unmineralized diorite, but at an old shaft near by a vein 1 foot wide strikes north 70 degrees west and extends for 49 feet. At the Night Hawk shaft, diorite contains disseminated chalcopyrite. Farther east the diorite contact with picrite-basalt coincides with an oxidized vein which strikes east and dips to the north at 70 degrees. The Bonnie Etta adit is 55 feet long. A shaft of unknown depth is east of the adit and about 20 feet higher in elevation. In 1929, 33 tons of material was shipped from these workings containing: Gold, 0.25 oz. per ton; silver, 0.75 oz. per ton; copper, about 9 per cent. The content of gold and silver is unusually high for the area. The workings are in diorite intersected by pink veins. No mineralization was seen in the adit north of a fault zone that probably continues into the shaft. The zone strikes east in the adit and north 60 degrees east at the shaft. It is 6 feet wide in the adit, and dips steeply. A grab sample of partly oxidized material within the fault zone assayed: Gold, 0.52 oz. per ton; silver, 1.6 oz. per ton; copper, 5.3 per cent. Surface hole No. 104 is reported to have encountered mineralization at a vertical depth of about 250 feet beneath the workings. Three inclined surface holes were diamond drilled in 1952 in the area between the Bonnie Etta and Larsen workings. In 1956 a long inclined hole, No. 102, was drilled in the same area and roughly parallel to No. 104. The positions of these holes are shown on Figure 5. Hole 102 intersects micromonzonite to 226 feet, this rock being mineralized only with sparse pyrite; beyond is altered diorite, with occasional weak chalcopyrite impregnations and four widely spaced veins, each a few inches wide. Veins intersected at 472 feet and 522 feet may be correlated with ones recorded in the logs of earlier holes KC6 and KC7, and which are visible in an open-cut. They are vertical and strike nearly east, but are unlikely to continue on that trend for many feet east of the open-cut since massive unmineralized diorite is seen in that direction. Altered picrite-basalt is exposed in the cut immediately south of the veins but is not encountered at depth or in the northerly inclined hole KC7. The interconnected Iron Mask, Erin, and Norma workings are now flooded to an elevation slightly below the collar of the Norma shaft, at 2,500 feet. Information about the property is contained in the Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines from 1896 to 1928, of which the most informative are those of 1913 (pp. 185-187), 1915 (pp. 210- 215, 367), 1926 (pp. 182-185), and 1928 (pp. 208-209). The 1926 account includes a plan of the workings. The Iron Mask has seven levels, the lowest being at 750 feet slope depth below the collar. The Erin has levels at 100 and 300 feet vertical depths, the lower parts of the orebody being worked from the Iron Mask system. A raise con- LODE METALS 61 nects the 750 level of the Iron Mask with the 300 level of the Erin. The Iron Mask shaft is inclined at 68 degrees and the Erin shaft at 70 degrees. The Norma shaft is sunk vertically to a single level 200 feet below the collar. A raise connects this level with the Iron Mask 750 level, which is estimated to be 160 feet lower in elevation. Total recorded production from the property is: Gold, 3,794 oz.; silver, 14,843 oz.; copper, 5,390,723 lb., from 182,494 tons of ore mined between 1901 and 1928. The greater part was from the Iron Mask orebody, and, in addition to the Iron Mask and Erin orebodies, smaller ones were worked south and east of the Iron Mask shaft. Mining was by shrinkage stoping. Some of the ore was hand-sorted for direct shipment. Development was pushed in 1910 and a gravity mill installed; a flotation plant was added in 1917. Prior to completion of the Erin raise in 1916 or thereabouts, the partly oxidized Erin orebody was separately worked. The mine was closed between 1920 and 1925, except for a brief period of production in 1923. From 1925 until 1928, when the property finally closed down, extensive development was accompanied by some production, largely from smaller orebodies. The mill was removed in 1930. After World War II, quantities of high explosives were jettisoned into the Iron Mask and Erin shafts, whose collars are now wrecked and caved. The Iron Mask and Erin orebodies were of similar shape, size, and attitude. Each was lens-shaped in plan and about 175 feet in horizontal length. Possibly they possessed a distinct easterly pitch (Ann. Rept., 1913, p. 186). Their widths were fairly similar; including low-grade ore, the Erin orebody generally did not exceed 30 feet, whilst the Iron Mask orebody attained a maximum width at lower depths of more than 20 feet. Both orebodies strike north 65 degrees east. The mine plans show that both orebodies dip about 75 degrees to the southeast, and that the Erin orebody dips less steeply above the 300 level. Stope outlines of both orebodies are lenticular above the 600 level. At this level the Erin orebody splits eastward. The Iron Mask orebody continued to 690 feet slope depth, where it is reported to have been cut off by a low-angle fault. The footwall of each orebody is recorded as well-defined and the hangingwall as indefinite. Mention is made in both cases of an unmineralized, crushed black rock immediately on the hangingwall. This tough rubbery material (Ann. Rept., 1915, p. 214) may refer to picrite-basalt breccia, which is exposed on surface near the footwall of the Iron Mask orebody. Seventy-five feet west of the Iron Mask shaft, mineralized diorite in contact with picrite-basalt has been mined to within 8 feet of the surface. The exposed contact is irregular in detail, being essentially breccia of mineralized white rock and unmineralized picrite-basalt. It strikes about north 55 degrees east and dips at about 60 degrees to the southeast. Chalcopyrite occurs as disseminations and stringers. Iron oxide is abundant in a small vein in the northern wall of the breccia zone. At the shaft itself, a mineralized fault zone 5 feet wide strikes north 60 degrees east in diorite and dips at about 60 degrees to the southeast. The footwall of this zone is poorly defined and contains another mineralized zone that dips at 35 degrees to the southwest. Picrite-basalt is not seen. The Erin shaft collar exposes a heavily oxidized breccia, about 20 feet in width, with no picrite-basalt in evidence. The Erin orebody is oxidized at least to the 100 level (Mem. 249, p. 107), but the quantity of oxidized material remaining is said to be not very large (Ann. Rept., 1923, p. 149). There is little record of the mineralogy of the Iron Mask ore. On the dump, the only mineralized material seen is diorite carrying disseminated chalcopyrite. Ore mined in 1923 was stated to carry pyrite. The reported association of gypsum and talc in fracture planes in diorite near the bottom of the Iron Mask shaft is similar to the occurrence in the Larsen workings. Gypsum gangue occurred in one of the late developed orebodies in the eastern workings (Ann. Rept., 1926, p. 185). The oxidized material 62 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 LEGEND Diorite Mostly picri te-basa [ | Micromonzonite — — Geological contact (inferred . Supposed direction of movement ** principal faults 'www' Subsidiary faults "■*■ Mineralized veins ON MASK Figure 6. Hypothetical structural interpretation in the vicinity of the Iron Mask mine. LODE METALS 63 of the Erin orebody contained chalcopyrite, with some malachite, azurite, and cuprite. A little bornite was seen on the dump. A number of smaller orebodies were developed. On the 600 level about 330 feet north of the Erin shaft station, a vein 14 inches wide was followed 450 feet in a drift. In 1928 production was principally from an orebody about 900 feet northwest of the Erin orebody. It was worked on the 750 level to a width of 12 feet, a length of 120 feet, and a height of 90 feet. Much of the material was low in grade. An oreshoot in the same vein on the 200 level was higher in grade but smaller. Two other veins developed on the 750 level apparently lay east of the Erin orebody in an area where possibly not all the existing workings are recorded. One was 14 feet wide and averaged over 4 per cent copper. The other lay 300 feet farther east and, on the level, was low in grade; it had not been mined when the property closed down. Material, some of high grade, was mined near the Iron Mask shaft station on the 750 level. The mine plans show numerous holes diamond drilled from the 600 and 750 levels outward from the Iron Mask workings. Considerable drilling was done in 1916-18 to locate a lower portion of the Iron Mask orebody, which was stated in 1918 to have been found. The western long crosscut to the north on the 750 level is not known to have intersected mineralization. It was probably driven in picrite-basalt, large quantities of which occur on the dump. South of the Iron Mask shaft, several narrow east-trending veins of oxidized material are exposed. At a caved shaft 1,100 feet southeast of the Iron Mask shaft, an oxidized fault zone 2 feet wide with copper carbonate strikes north 50 degrees east and dips 70 degrees southeast. Late in 1956 the Kamloops Copper Company did some surface stripping in this locality. The Lucky Strike shaft, now flooded, is 2,700 feet south of the Iron Mask shaft. At a depth of 60 feet a drift of unknown direction is reported to extend 120 feet on a vein said to be 3 to 4 feet wide. Recorded production is 30 tons in 1901, containing about 20 per cent copper, no gold, and negligible silver. The shaft was retimbered in 1951. A small dump shows disseminated chalcopyrite in diorite. The sulphide is not intimately related to pink veins, but occurs close to calcite-filled fractures. Magnetite veinlets occur. Three inclined holes were diamond drilled in the vicinity by Berens River Mines Limited, through short conducting zones trending east-northeast, and all intersected faults in diorite with only minor mineralization. (50° 120° N.E.) This company holds sixteen full and fractional Ajax and Monte claims by record and four Crown-granted claims under lease. The Carlo (The Consoli- boundary of this block, known as the Ajax-Monte Carlo group, is dated Mining and shown on Figure 3. Work done in 1956 was 3,029 feet of Smelting Company diamond drilling in six surface holes. These holes were all drilled of Canada, Limited) in the vicinity of the Ajax claim, as were fourteen holes totalling 7,250 feet that were drilled in 1955. The drilling followed upon an electromagnetic survey made in 1954; drilling was done by the company in the same area in 1929. Trenching was done on the Ajax claim (11) between 1904 and 1910, and two caved adits lying immediately northwest of the claim may date from that period. The only accessible workings on the claim are two adits 81 and 29 feet long, driven north and south respectively from opposing sides of a low mineralized ridge. The longer adit was driven in 1924, and the results of sampling in it are given on page 147 in the Annual Report for that year. A winze sunk before or during 1928 was said to have exposed material of sufficiently high combined gold and copper content to have stimulated the subsequent drilling programme. In 1929 the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company trenched and sampled the area and drilled ten surface holes whose positions are shown on Figure 7. The results of the drilling are discussed in the Annual Report for 1929, pages 226 64 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 to 228. Neither cores nor logs were available for examination in 1956. This earlier drilling was confined to an area extending about 720 feet west-northwest from the adits and about 400 feet wide. The results were summarized as pointing to sparse sulphide mineralization in a zone approximately 250 feet wide and trending north 65 degrees west, with a steep dip to the north. Lenses of barren ground were recognized within the zone. In general, no lateral continuity was indicated for seams of any considerable width having an economic metal content. The best indication of continuity in depth was obtained beneath the adits. The adits are in grey-white albitized microdiorite. The southwest-driven one shows a confused series of faults but little mineralization. The northeast-driven adit follows a zone of faulting and shows mineralization for 61 feet, commencing 17 feet from the portal. A sample 58 feet from the portal assayed 0.85 per cent copper, mostly as carbonate. A sample of the best mineralization seen, in partly oxidized material at 22 feet, assayed: Gold, trace; silver, 0.90 oz. per ton; copper, 32.9 per cent. This sample may have contained chalcocite in addition to thickly disseminated chalcopyrite and copper carbonates. Half-way in the mineralized section, at 49 feet from the portal, a winze about 30 feet deep follows a strong fault striking north 45 degrees west and dipping 80 degrees northeast. Oxidation has produced much ochre at the fault and in its footwall. On the surface, immediately above the footwall portion of the adit, a large pit is dug in gossan. A line of cuts extends on either side of the adit for 450 feet in a west- northwesterly direction. Eighty feet northwest of the adit, chalcopyrite occupies slender veinlets in albitized rock, probably on the hangingwall of the fault. Except near the workings, rock outcrops are few in the area drilled. From a total of 10,279 feet of drilling done in 1955 and 1956, all but 1,000 feet of core was available for examination. Figure 7 shows the inferred distribution of rock types at the bedrock surface. Five diamond-drill holes lie east of the area of Figure 7. Four were drilled from two set-ups, one on either side of the Mars adit, which is 1,800 feet east of the Ajax adits. The fifth remaining hole, No. 23, was drilled south of the others and penetrated picrite- basalt. Scattered mineralization was encountered in the four Mars holes. In the explored area, significant mineralization principally occurs in the finer- grained batholithic rocks, equivalent in original composition to diorite, monzonite, and granodiorite. It occurs less frequently in coarser-grained batholithic rocks—namely, diorite, pyroxenic diorite, and pyroxenite—and in greenstones which may in part represent dykes but which are mostly Nicola volcanics. Picrite-basalt is not significantly mineralized. In the western part of the Ajax claim the finer-grained batholithic rocks have an interfingering contact with diorite; elsewhere in this area they are in contact with pyroxenic diorite and pyroxenite. Albitization is common in all but the darker-coloured rocks. As a result, epidote is prominent both as a dissemination and as replacement veinlets. Quartz, with or without calcite, appears subordinately as veinlets; mineralized calcite or calcite-quartz breccias occur and are commonly vuggy. Where chalcopyrite occurs in veins or in vuggy breccias, calcite is the most common gangue mineral. With albitization the rocks become less magnetic; one 6-inch intersection of solid magnetite observed in non-magnetic, partly albitized microdiorite may indicate some tendency toward hydrothermal concentration of this mineral. The magnetite content is relatively high in chloritic sheared sections. A relationship between albitization and mineralization is generally suggested. The most uniform albitization is in rocks near the adit, where the best mineralization occurs. In drill cores throughout the property, intensity of albitization commonly changes foot by foot, and in detail seems unrelated to intensity of mineralization. Intersections shown as mineralized on Figure 7 are those judged to be equal to or better than 0.35 per cent copper. Partial oxidation rarely penetrates to a depth of 140 feet below the surface and is generally confined to the upper 50 feet. Except for car- LODE METALS 65 S3 o ■a a eo a 1 _ _- < n. 66 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 bonates above these levels, chalcopyrite is the only copper-bearing mineral identified. It occurs as stringers as much as one-half inch wide, as blebs, and as a fine dissemination. Pyrite may accompany disseminated chalcopyrite or may occur separately. It is prevalent in sheared sections close to the southern margin of the finer-grained batholithic rocks, either in the latter or in greenstones and picrite-basalt. The deepest penetration in the Ajax area, in hole No. 30, shows that mineralization occurs at least to a depth of 630 feet below surface. Correlation of the mineralized intersections is possible only in the vicinity of the adit. Information recorded in 1929 suggests that the steep mineralized zone seen in the adit persists on the footwall side to a vertical depth of 280 feet below the adit and maintains a width greater than 60 feet, inclusive of barren lenses. It is 25 feet wide where cut by hole No. 1. Holes Nos. 29 and 30 indicate that eastwards the zone maintains a width of 55 feet at the elevation of the adit, and that mineralization continues in the footwall to a depth of at least 40 feet below this elevation. The strike of the zone is north 65 degrees west. A vertical section through holes Nos. 16, 29, and 30 suggests that here the dip of the hangingwall is about 60 degrees. In this section the width of the zone narrows drastically at an elevation 140 feet below the adit, probably because at this depth the host rock is pyroxenite and pyroxenic diorite. Summarizing, it may be concluded that the adit zone persists laterally at shallow depth for at least 185 feet, and to a maximum known depth of 270 feet. Evidence of faulting is widespread, and correlation of faulted intersections is difficult. Surface exposures suggest that faults of northwesterly strike and steep dip are important, and originated prior to mineralization. The picrite-basalt contacts are strongly sheared and are likely to be steep. So far as known, they are not well mineralized. The Wheal Tamar workings (12) consist of six shafts, a caved adit, and several caved trenches. Work on this claim was mainly done prior to 1910, and is referred to in Annual Reports between 1899 and 1916. In the latter year the Granby Company is reported to have diamond drilled in the vicinity, but the results are not recorded. In 1909 the underground workings were stated to total over 700 feet, which included the shafts and the adit, then 470 feet in length. No production is recorded. The workings are at 3,200 feet elevation on the contact between diorite and porphyritic microdiorite. Material on the dumps is not albitized, but albitized rock outcrops near the southernmost shaft. None of the workings could be entered. Three of the shafts lie on a line north 40 degrees west; the northern and southern ones are flooded. The central one is 30 feet deep and has a fair-sized dump, indicating workings at the bottom. A sample of the best material seen on the dump assayed: Gold, 0.04 oz. per ton; silver, 0.1 oz. per ton; copper, 2.0 per cent. The northern flooded shaft, 100 feet distant, has a smaller dump, from which two samples were taken. One, representing the best material seen, assayed 1.7 per cent copper; the other, selected as an average of the dump, assayed 0.49 per cent copper. Sixty feet due northeast of this shaft, and connected by a caved surface cut, a fourth shaft is 40 feet deep. Material on the dump is not well mineralized. A fifth shaft, showing oxidation to 25 feet depth, lies 150 feet slightly south of east of the fourth. Close to it is a sixth shaft, 10 feet deep. Four of the shafts are sunk on steep faults striking west of north. The fault in the 30-foot shaft is well defined, mineralized, and strikes north 5 degrees west and dips 70 degrees to the east. It is out of line with somewhat more northwesterly faults in the two shafts to the north and is displaced by a fault striking east-northeast. Faults of this latter direction occur on strike in the eastern workings. Mineralized material on the various dumps shows chalcopyrite and pyrite in fissures, commonly associated with disseminated epidote. Coarser gangue material includes quartz, calcite, and ankerite. A small amount of bornite is present. The portal of the caved adit is 350 feet south-southwest of the southern flooded shaft and about 150 feet lower in elevation. It is driven northward in porphyritic microdiorite, somewhat mineralized with chalcopyrite. A sample of the best material seen on LODE METALS 67 the dump assayed: Gold, 0.09 oz. per ton; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton; copper, 3.0 per cent. It consisted of chalcopyrite in fissures within partly albitized porphyritic microdiorite. The adit is stated to cut a mineralized zone south of the shafts. The Monte Carlo workings (13) are 1,400 feet east of the Wheal Tamar adit. In an adit that is now caved the present company did 90 feet of drifting in 1929. About 180 feet southeast of this adit is an old shaft, said in 1924 to be 60 feet deep, on the dump of which is a small quantity of material mineralized with chalcopyrite and carbonates. Strongly oxidized material is exposed in a pit 60 feet southwest of the shaft. Microdiorite on the dumps is albitized. Porphyritic olivine-basalt, much altered to serpentine, chlorite, and tremolite in the manner described elsewhere for picrite-basalt, is on the adit dump. In 1929 the present company drilled three inclined holes 800 feet in total length, between the shaft and the adit. Logs of the holes are not now available. Failure to intersect mineralization was ascribed to offsetting of the mineralized zone by cross-faults (Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1929, p. 227). Four diamond-drill holes were put down in 1952 by Berens River Mines Limited in the general vicinity of the Monte Carlo claim. At least two of these holes were drilled midway between the Wheal Tamar and Monte Carlo adits. None of the holes intersected significant mineralization. (50° 120° N.E.) Head office, Suite 2, National Trust Building, Commercial 10072 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, Alta. R. E. Frederking, presi- Minerals Limited dent. This company controls twenty-nine mineral claims, in a block whose outlines are shown on Figure 3. It includes the Joker (14), Jim, Ray, and Cupid groups. The Amakua group (15) adjoins the northeastern limit of the property and was formerly controlled by this company. In 1956 work consisted of sampling the old Joker adits, 130 feet of bulldozer stripping, and 5,500 feet of surface diamond drilling. On the Joker claim two short adits are 40 feet apart on a steep bluff on the west bank of Anderson Creek. Recent stripping has removed most of both adits, which expose an oxidized fault zone striking about north 20 degrees west and dipping 20 degrees westward. The fault zone is about 2 feet wide, with a poorly defined footwall and a hangingwall of grey microdiorite. The footwall is brecciated and heavily oxidized for a visible depth of 7 feet. A minor northeasterly fault cuts the zone and may displace it 2 or 3 feet downwards to the northwest. A chip sample taken across 18 inches where the northeasterly fault cuts the footwall breccia assayed: Gold, 0.01 oz. per ton; silver, 0.1 oz. per ton; copper, 1.5 per cent. Malachite was the only copper-bearing mineral seen in this oxidized material. The shallow-dipping fault has been exposed by stripping for 120 feet south-southeast. Forty feet farther in this direction, unmineralized micromonzonite is exposed. Immediately west of the adits twenty-two vertical holes spaced at 50 and 100 feet have been diamond drilled in a drift-covered area measuring 400 feet westerly and 300 feet from north to south. From the southernmost adit, the mineralized zone dips uniformly west-southwest at 15 degrees for a horizontal distance of 350 feet. It achieves a maximum thickness of 20 feet, 110 feet from the adit, and is about 5 feet thick and of poor grade where intersected by the deepest hole. The zone splits into two shoots 100 feet due west of the northern adit. In the northernmost line of drill-holes showing mineralization, the upper flat shoot is as much as 24 feet thick. The lower one is here 9 feet thick, and is of limited east-west extent. The full northwestern extent of the shoot is not proved; where last intersected in this direction, it is 5 feet thick, although the grade is not reduced. Closer to the adits the northern limit of mineralization is well established. Hole No. 40, 250 feet south of the adits, intersected a further series of thin mineralized zones, apparently of low dip. Three other holes in the same area and one to the east of the adits showed no mineralization. Various assessment holes drilled elsewhere on the property are indicated on Figure 3. 68 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The mineralization is principally native copper disseminated in microdiorite and micromonzonite. A minor amount of chalcopyrite also occurs disseminated and occasionally in narrow stringers associated with chalcocite. Chalcocite occurs in this area to a depth of at least 62 feet. White alteration affects some of the rock and magnetite is partly altered to hematite, but these alterations do not appear closely related to the mineralization. A trace of chalcopyrite occurs in sparse, diffuse, pink feldspar veinlets, with which quartz veinlets are associated. Low-angle faulting is indicated throughout the area of mineralization. Eight short vertical holes were diamond drilled by Commercial Minerals Limited in 1955 or 1956 in the immediate vicinity of the filled-in Grey Mask shaft, which is on the Amakua group, about 500 feet west of the Merritt highway. Three other vertical holes were drilled 700 feet south of the shaft and penetrated picrite-basalt with sheared contacts against narrow sections of poorly mineralized microdiorite. The total drilling done on the group was 1,306 feet. The shaft is reported to be 28 feet deep, with a 40-foot drift to the south at the bottom. No mineralized material was seen on the shaft dump, but in a pit 140 feet to the southwest some coarsely intergrown calcite and specular hematite, with some chalcopyrite and quartz, was seen. Another pit exposes diorite traversed by a minor fault which dips northwest. The drilling covered an area measuring 100 feet from east to west and 150 feet from north to south, with the shaft at the northeast corner. The holes were spaced at intervals of 50 to 100 feet and were drilled to a maximum depth of 240 feet in diorite penetrated irregularly by microdiorite. Both rock types show white alteration, not uncommonly with calcite replacement breccia. Much of the diorite is chloritic and traversed by shallow-dipping shear planes. It carries brecciated pink feldspar veins, with some epidote, minor chalcopyrite, and occasional magnetite veinlets. The best mineralization encountered was about 10 feet of sheared diorite, partly replaced by minerals of the same association as in the surface pit. The evidence suggests that this zone near the shaft trends north or northeastward and dips to the west. Minor amounts of native copper occur disseminated in sheared diorite outside this zone. One thousand feet southwest of the shaft a vertical hole on the Joker group intersected a 1-foot wide section rich in chalcopyrite. Other Mineralized Localities The Iron Cap mine (16), now flooded, is on the Iron Cap Crown-granted mineral claim. Production was 263 tons of material containing: Gold, 0.8 oz. per ton; silver, 1.7 oz. per ton; copper, 2 per cent. A sample of material collected from the dump assayed: Gold, 0.68 oz. per ton; silver, 0.7 oz. per ton; copper, 1.7 per cent. In this sample, pyrite exceeded chalcopyrite, whereas in most of the material on the dump the reverse is true. Pyrite in the wallrock of the orebody is recorded as having no appreciable gold values. The mineralization occurs in a monzonitic rock which is probably altered diorite. The mineralization seen on the dump is in a pink feldspar replacement breccia resembling that of the Python zone. Gangue minerals include magnetite, epidote, calcite, quartz, and siderite. The Iron Cap vein is 6 feet wide at the shaft; it provided ore to the 60-foot level. The vein is said to be faulted 85 feet northwest of the shaft, and its continuation beyond the fault has not been discovered. The fault was traced for a considerable distance to the southwest by an electromagnetic survey by Berens River Mines Limited in 1952. This company put down five diamond-drill holes on the Iron Cap and adjacent claims to the west. In all cases the conductors proved to be unmineralized faults. The locations of three of these holes are unknown. LODE METALS 69 Work done on the Kimberley group (17) of seven Crown-granted claims between 1904 and 1913 included driving a 200-foot adit. It is uncertain whether the three trenches shown on Figure 3 are in the northern or southern of two zones referred to in the Annual Report for 1909 (pp. 139-140). The trenches are largely caved. The central trench shows intermittent exposures of disseminated chalcopyrite and pyrite over a length of 450 feet. A sample of the best material seen, at a point 180 feet from the southwest end, assayed: Gold, trace; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton; copper, 1.8 per cent. At the southwestern end of the northern trench, pyrite and chalcopyrite are disseminated for an exposed length of 110 feet. One hundred and twenty feet beyond the northeast end of this trench is an outcrop with lightly disseminated chalcopyrite. An outcrop at the southwest end of the southern trench shows no mineralization. The rock exposed throughout this area is a monzonite, in part with slender pink veins, and commonly altered to white rock and brecciated. Most of the exposed fractures trend north or northwest, this being the general direction recorded of the mineralized zones (Ann. Rept., 1909, pp. 139-140). The wide surface extent of mineralization would seem to justify bulk sampling in this area. The Kingpin workings (18) consist of two old adits and a shaft, and some fairly recent trenches. One adit is caved, and the other, 400 feet north of the first, follows an oxidized fault zone south 45 degrees west for 40 feet. The zone is ZVz feet wide and is pyritous. A flooded shaft near the portal of the caved adit has a small dump of microdiorite carrying disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite. The trenches crosscut an area extending 300 feet southwest of the accessible adit. One or more oxidized fault zones are poorly exposed, and small amounts of disseminated chalcopyrite, malachite, and azurite occur in the partly altered microdiorite. This area has been explored by diamond drilling, and the cores are stacked in the adit. Other workings, including the Utopia (19), Dewey (20), and Fargo, were examined. These three are described in Memoir 249. CLEARWATER* Trophy Mountain (51° 119° N.W.) Silver-Lead-Zinc A large number of claims, including the Ash, Cam, and other Ash, Cam, etc. groups, located in November, 1955, on the north side of Trophy (Goldcrest Mines Mountain were held under option in 1956 by Goldcrest Mines Ltd. Ltd., Ormsby and Ormsby Mines Ltd., of Toronto. Trophy Mountain, elevation Mines Ltd.) 9,000 feet, is about 12 miles northeast of Clearwater station, and lies between the Clearwater and Raft Rivers. A camp was established on the north side of Trophy Mountain at an elevation of 6,400 feet. It was reached from Kamloops by pontoon-equipped aircraft, landing on Summit Lake, elevation 5,500 feet, thence eastward by pack-horse trail 2 miles to Discovery Hill at the head of Moul Creek. During the summer of 1956 exploration work was under the direction of S. W. Wright, resident engineer, and M. E. Woakes, geologist. The claims are underlain by metamorphosed sedimentary rocks ranging from quartz mica schists to biotite and granite gneiss and containing a few 4- to 10-foot limestone beds now mostly transformed to wollastonite and brown garnet. The rocks are cut by unfoliated grey to white granitic dykes and sills which tend to follow the foliation planes and then cut across them. The rocks also enclose coarse pegmatites composed essentially of quartz, feldspar, and white mica and occasional pink garnet but no tourmaline. The pegmatites commonly have diffuse borders against the schists and gneiss, and in some areas form an injection gneiss complex. Finally, * By S. S. Holland. 70 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 all the rocks and the lode mineralization are cut by dark blackish-green andesite porphyry dykes a few inches to a few tens of feet wide that occupy fractures striking north 10 degrees east and dipping 70 degrees west. These fractures are commonly normal faults of small displacement. The rocks strike west, and on Trophy Mountain dip dominantly to the south, whereas on Discovery Hill they dip 35 degrees north. On Trophy Mountain the rocks are involved in overturned folds of several hundred feet amplitude and with low plunges northwestward. On Discovery Hill, however, no folding was observed; all rocks seemingly lie on a uniformly northerly dipping limb. Sulphide mineralization outcrops on Discovery Hill, which lies north of Trophy Mountain, on the divide between the head of Moul Creek and Raft River, between elevations of 6,800 and 7,075 feet. The old showings were prospected and held at one time by Angus Home, of Blue River. The mineralization is a replacement by pyrrhotite, sphalerite, pyrite, galena, and chalcopyrite along bedding planes and is conformable with the bedding. The mineralization occurs in three segments — the "east vein," "Ady vein," and " west vein "—and has a strike length of about 3,500 feet between terminal exposures. It is not known, however, whether the " veins " represent the replacement in each instance of the same sedimentary bed. The east vein outcrops between elevations of 6,800 and 6,890 feet and has been traced along its length by open-cuts and drilling for 750 feet and down dip by short drill-holes for a distance of 650 feet. The mineralization ranges up to a maximum of 16 feet in width and averages about 7 feet. In several places the lode is cut by post- mineral dykes occupying faults which have displaced the mineralization 50 feet south. The Ady vein, more or less along strike to the west, outcrops at an elevation of 7,075 feet. It is exposed in surface cuts for a length of 60 feet and by three drill-holes along a length of 125 feet. Assays of outcrop samples taken by the company were good (for example: silver, 2.9 oz. per ton; copper, 0.9 per cent; lead, 5.0 per cent; and zinc, 10.0 per cent), but the results of drilling were disappointing. The west vein, outcropping at an elevation of 6,940 feet, is exposed in surface cuts and explored by thirteen short diamond-drill holes. During the course of the summer the company traced the several veins by magnetometer surveys, exposed them in surface cuts and strippings, and explored them by more than fifty diamond-drill holes totalling more than 10,000 feet. Most of the drilling was on the east vein, which is the largest and most promising of the three. The company states that exploration in it had indicated ore totalling 269,000 tons, having an average width of 7.2 feet and an average grade of: Silver, 0.8 oz. per ton; copper, 0.7 per cent; lead, 1.0 per cent; and zinc, 4.5 per cent. Exploratory work on the property was discontinued in September. BIRCH ISLAND* Fluorite-Celestite-Uranium (51° 119° N.W.) Head office, 550 Sherbrooke Street West, Rexspar Uranium Montreal; mine office, Birch Island. John W. Scott, manager, & Metals Mining Birch Island. This company's property is in the Red Ridge area, Company Limited 2 to 3 miles in a straight line southeasterly from Birch Island on the Canadian National Railway, 81 miles by rail or 90 miles by road north of Kamloops. The company holds 109 claims in an area which for many years has been known to contain celestite, fluorite, silver-lead, manganese, and, more recently, uranium. A road 7 miles long passes through the camp and connects the workings with the railway at Birch Island. The camp, consisting chiefly of three bunk-houses, office, and a cook-house, is 6 miles by road from Birch Island, 1 mile north of the Black * By E. R. Hughes. LODE METALS 71 Diamond zone, and 1 Vz miles north of the "A" zone. During the first three months of 1956 a mill-site area of 10 acres was cleared near the railway at Birch Island. In preparation for open-pit mining, timber was cut over an area of 2Vz acres on the "A" zone. Nine diamond-drill holes totalling 1,409 feet were drilled in the "B " ore zone. Surveys were conducted during the fall and early winter for the location of a crushing plant near the "A" zone, and for a 10,000-foot aerial tramway to connect the proposed crushing plant with the mill-site. No underground work was done. The company reports that VA million tons of ore has been proved up in two mineable lenses. A letter of intent for the purchase of uranium concentrate was received from Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited late in 1956, and arrangements were then made for the construction of a 750-ton mill and the development of a townsite. The number of men employed varied from seven to fourteen. TULAMEEN RIVER* Summit Camp (49° 121° S.E.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 800 Hall Building, Vancouver; mine office, Tula- Silver Hill meen. Ralph J. Pronger, president; Edward L. Borup, vice- Mines Ltd. president and managing director. This property is in the Summit camp, 21 miles by road southwest of Tulameen. It includes the old Dornberg mine (also known as the Mary E or Silver King), as well as the old Jensen mine. Work was resumed at the property on July 15th following suspension of operations in December, 1955. From the No. 2 level a three-compartment raise was started with the object of exploring the vein between the No. 2 and No. 1 levels, a distance of approximately 500 feet. At the end of the year the raise had been driven 250 feet. At a distance of 127 feet from No. 2 level a sublevel was driven from the raise 120 feet westward and 25 feet eastward on the vein. The No. 2 level main drift was extended 160 feet westward on the vein. From the No. 3 level East drift four box-holes were driven 40 feet, each in preparation for stoping, and one box-hole was driven in the West drift. Surface construction included the erection of a large main building to provide bunk- house accommodation for forty men, with kitchen and dining-room, recreation-room, office, and first-aid room. This building was completed except for the heating facilities. A separate dry-house was built near the main building. The 50-ton mill was completed and went into production on December 6th. The first carload of zinc concentrate was shipped on December 29th. A crew of ten to thirty men was employed. SIMILKAMEEN RIVER* Gold-Silver-Copper-Zinc (49° 120° S.W.) Roy A. Tower, Sr., manager. This property Red Star is on the Hope-Princeton Highway, 32 miles south of Princeton. (Woodbury Mines A D-7 tractor was used to strip overburden in the vicinity of the Limited) old Nos. 1, 2, and 3 level portals. At about 700 or 800 feet south of the old No. 3 level, now caved, a new adit was started and was driven approximately 200 feet westward and 270 feet northward in an effort to locate the downward extension of the vein. Five men were employed. * By E. R. Hughes. 72 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 COPPER MOUNTAIN* Copper (49° 120° S.W.) Head office, 1111 West Georgia Street, Van- Copper Mountain couver. J. A. C. Ross, general manager, Copper Mountain; D. W. (The Granby Con- Pringle, general superintendent; G. F. Camroux, mine superin- solidated Mining tendent. This company operates the Copper Mountain mine at Smelting and Power Copper Mountain, 12 miles south of Princeton. The company's Company Limited) 17,500-kw. steam-electric power plant in Princeton supplies power to the mine and to the concentrator at Allenby, ZVz miles south of Princeton. A branch of the Kettle Valley Railway from Princeton serves the power plant, mine, and concentrator. The main development of the mine has been described in previous Annual Reports. The exploration programme initiated in 1954 was continued in the early months of the year. The results of this programme were not sufficiently encouraging, and underground development was discontinued. During the last quarter of 1956, work had started in dismantling and removing equipment from the mine. Total underground development consisted of 5,327 feet of drifting and 4,171 feet of raising. Core drilling amounted to 31,204 feet, of which 8,227 feet was for underground exploration and 22,977 feet for surface exploration. A total of 20,139 feet of drilling was done with percussion machines to delimit orebodies underground. A total of 112,801 feet of 2Va -inch-diameter blast- hole drilling was done. Open-pit operations were again expanded, and the output of ore from this source amounted to 60 per cent of the total production. Pits Nos. 4 and 6 were shut down, and No. 8 pit was started. Wagon drills and jackhammers for open-pit mining were discarded, and were replaced with four Gardner-Denver Airtracs mounting DH-123 machines. This change resulted in materially reduced mining costs. The loading of selected material from the No. 2 level waste dump was increased, and 384,509 tons containing 0.70 per cent copper was shipped from this dump. The ore from the open- pits and from the waste dump was loaded by power-shovels into trucks of 10- and 20-ton capacity and hauled to the surface ore-bin above No. 6 portal. All ore mined at Copper Mountain, both from the surface and underground, is passed to No. 6 level and taken from the mine in Granby-type cars hauled by electric- trolley locomotives. After it is crushed in the coarse crushing plant on the surface near the portal of No. 6 level, the ore is hauled 8 miles by rail to the concentrator at Allenby. Ore produced during the year totalled 1,933,193 tons. The average tonnage milled was 5,288 tons per day, with an average copper content of 0.703 per cent. The total production from Copper Mountain to date is 34,214,482 tons of ore. The vigorous safety programme continuously conducted at this operation has been most effective and has been instrumental in securing for the company and its employees the most favourable accident-free record among the mines of British Columbia during the past ten years. The John T. Ryan Regional Safety Award for the metal mine with the lowest accident-frequency record was again won by this operation. The frequency rating for lost-time accidents was 5.71 per 1,000,000 hours worked at the mine and 8.66 for the entire operation. During 1956, 155 men were hired and 207 men either quit or were laid off. The mine payroll at the year-end was 288 men, down from a high of 352 in April. The total number of men at the year-end employed in all operations at Copper Mountain, Allenby, and the power plant was 582. An emergency hospital is maintained at the camp, and a trained nurse and industrial first-aid attendants are available at all times. First-aid classes are held, and in conjunction therewith twenty-eight industrial first-aid certificates were awarded, as well as thirty-six senior and thirty junior St. John Ambulance Association awards. Aluminium-dust therapy is available for employees. * By E. R. Hughes. LODE METALS 73 A doctor visits the Copper Mountain camp twice a week and is available in emergencies. An ambulance is maintained for transporting sick or injured persons to the Princeton General Hospital, 12 miles from the mine. A local first-aid competition was held at Copper Mountain in the spring for company employees and their families, and trained teams competed in the mine-rescue and first-aid field-day held in Princeton on June 2nd. Mine-rescue teams from Copper Mountain also competed at Cumberland on June 9th, and at the interprovincial meet at Nelson on September 8th. The team captained by Luke Kirby won the Cumberland competition and placed second in the interprovincial competition. HEDLEY* Gold (49° 120° S.E.) Company office, 314, 718 Granville Street, French (French Vancouver; mine office, Hedley. W. B. Burnett, president; J. Mines Ltd.) Biggs, mine superintendent. The controlling interest in this property was acquired by The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited from Kelowna Mines Hedley Limited and the new company was formed. The French mine is on the Oregon mineral claim, about 8 miles by road from Hedley and 1 Vz miles east of the Hedley-Nickel Plate road. The mine was formerly developed by Kelowna Mines Hedley Limited from two adits at an elevation of approximately 3,900 feet. The adits are about 300 feet apart and are connected. Two stopes were developed above the adits. Mining was continued below the elevation of the second adit, and it was from here that ore was mined when the operation was closed in 1955. When underground operations were resumed on July 12th, an old adit, 120 feet long, was rehabilitated and enlarged, and at the end of the year it had been extended eastward an additional 429 feet. This old adit, at an elevation of 3,835 feet, was originally driven over forty years ago by the Granby Company. The new development is to explore the downward extension of a skarn layer indicated in diamond-drill holes from the 3920 level. A new adit was started at an elevation of 3,785 feet, and at the end of the year this had been driven 695 feet in a northeasterly direction. When completed, this adit will be used as the main haulage level. The exploratory work so far has given satisfactory results, and the downward extension of the skarn is now known to continue below the new 3785 level. Owing to the difficulty of reaching the new development from the old road to the French mine, work was started in November on the construction of a new road 500 feet lower in elevation. The new road was 90 per cent completed at the end of 1956 and was in use. Other work consisted of 600 feet of diamond drilling; 900 feet of 4-inch pipe was laid from the compressor building near the old 3920 adit to the new 3785 adit, and a 2-inch branch line was laid to the 3835 level. Eleven men were employed. OLALLA* Manganese (49° 119° S.W.) Company office, 1011 Rogers Building, 470 Olalla Mines Granville Street, Vancouver. W. W. Geminder, manager. This Limited property is 6 miles by road west of Olalla, at an elevation of approximately 5,000 feet. In 1956 a road was built to the showings on the Olalla No. 2 mineral claim, and a drift was driven 196 feet northward into the bedded manganiferous chert zone. Several shipments of the mined material were made for testing purposes. Five men were employed. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1955, pp. 42-43.] * By E. R. Hughes. 74 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 FAIRVIEW CAMP* Silica-Gold (49° 119° S.W.) G. S. Ogilvie, property superintendent. This Fairview (The Con- mine is about 5 miles west of Oliver. Quartz is mined and shipped solidated Mining to Trail for use as flux in the smelter. The quartz contains a small and Smelting amount of gold and other metals. The ground is difficult to hold Company of in shrinkage-stope mining and large pillars are left to support the Canada, Limited) ground. Drifting on No. 3 level, raising from No. 6 level to No. 3, and the commencement of mining above No. 3 level constituted the main development in 1956. No. 6 level is the lowest adit and the haulage level, near the portal of which are the dry-house, blacksmith-shop, ore-bin, and compressor-house. Electrical power is obtained from the West Kootenay Power and Light Company Limited. Total development consisted of 382 feet of drifting and crosscutting, 978 feet of raising, and 82 feet of diamond drilling. Operations were continuous throughout the year, and 34,500 tons of quartz was shipped. Twenty-four men were employed. In addition to the rock shipped from the Fairview mine, 17,356 tons of tailings were shipped from the dump at the old Morning Star mill 2 miles west of Oliver. BEAVERDELL* Silver-Lead-Zinc-Cadmium (49° 119° S.E.) Company office, 604, 789 West Pender Street, Highland-Bell Vancouver; mine office, Beaverdell. K. J. Springer, president, (Highland-Bell Toronto; O. S. Perry, manager; J. DeYaeger, mine superinten- Limited) dent; A. D. Coggan, mill superintendent. The No. 4 adit is at 3,974 feet elevation on Wallace Mountain, east of the main camp at Beaverdell, and is the main haulage level for the upper mine. There were no new developments at the upper workings, where full production was maintained. The output was of already developed ore and the cleaning-up of old stopes. The new or lower mine is serviced from the 2900 level, which is about Wz miles by road northeast of the office at Beaverdell and 700 feet below the No. 10 level in the upper mine. The upper and lower workings are not yet connected. The extensive development programme at the lower mine was successful in locating and opening up the faulted extension of the orebody. The 2900 adit level was extended to 6,000 feet, and an additional raise was put up to the 3000 level to facilitate ventilation. This development also included 710 feet of drifting and crosscutting on the 3000 level, of which 307 feet was in ore. Diamond drilling indicated the downward extension of the ore in the altered zone to the 2900 level. There was no production from the lower mine except from development work. Additions to surface machinery and equipment included three Holman T60R 500- cubic-feet-per-minute electrically driven compressors, a compressor-house, and a machine- shop at the lower mine. Two Caterpillar diesel-electric generating sets, with a combined capacity of 575 kw. were installed at the mill to supply power to the mill and to operate the compressors at the 2900 level. A transmission-line 8,000 feet long was built to connect the mill with the 2900 level. The ore from the upper mine is trucked to the mill, which is adjacent to a spur of the Canadian Pacific Railway at Beaverdell. Development in all parts of the property consisted of 1,298 feet of drifting and crosscutting, 1,014 feet of raising, and 6,209 feet of diamond drilling. The total ore milled was 14,322 tons. At the end of the year forty-four men were employed, of which twenty-three were underground. * By E. R. Hughes. LODE METALS 75 GREENWOOD* Copper (49° 118° S.W.) B. W. Newkirk, president, Toronto. J. W. Greyhound McLeod, manager, Greenwood. This property consists of thirty (Salamet Mines claims in the Deadwood camp area, 2Vi miles by road west of Limited) Greenwood. It was formerly owned by Salmo Prince Mines Limited, which retains a minority interest in the present company. Surface diamond drilling was continued, and in 1956, 13,954 feet of drilling was done. In addition, the old Greyhound shaft was rehabilitated and a geophysical survey was conducted. Thirteen men were employed. (49° 118° S.W.) Head office, 1024, 85 Richmond Street West, Mother Lode Toronto; company office, 301, 980 West Pender Street, Vancou- (Woodgreen Copper ver. S. B. Landell, president, Toronto; Hogan and McCuaig, Mines Limited) consultants, Montreal; M. H. MacLeod, manager, Greenwood. In December the name of the company was changed from Surety Oils & Minerals Limited to Woodgreen Copper Mines Limited. The diamond-drilling programme started in October, 1955, was continued into March, 1956, and 7,000 feet was drilled. A contract was let to McClay Construction Company to construct a 1,000- ton concentrator near the old Mother Lode glory-hole. The concentrator was completed and put into operation on January 26th, 1957. Other surface work included the preparation for open-pit mining of ground between the concentrator and the rim of the Mother Lode glory-hole. Seventy-four men were employed. (49° 118° S.W.) Company office, 800 Hall Building, 789 West Copper Queen Pender Street, Vancouver. S. H. Davis, manager. This property (Aztec Exploration is in the Copper Camp area, 7 miles by road west of Greenwood. Ltd.) During the last three months in 1956 the company conducted an exploration programme which included geophysical surveying and diamond drilling. One diamond drill was used on a two-shift basis and seven holes were drilled, totalling 1,000 feet. Seven men were employed. Work was discontinued on December 11th. PHOENIX* Copper-Gold-Silver (49° 118° S.W.) Company office, 1111 West Georgia Street, Phoenix Copper Vancouver; mine office, Davis Block, Grand Forks. L. T. Postle, Company Limited president; J. H. Parliament, manager. This company was incorporated on July 1st. Prior to the new incorporation, exploration and development was done by the parent company, The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited. The company holds twenty-seven Crown- granted mineral claims, nine located claims, and one leased claim in the Phoenix area, 5 miles east of Greenwood, and 9 miles northwest of Grand Forks. Exploration and development work done on the property consists of 2,566 feet of diamond drilling and the stripping of 25,360 cubic yards of overburden. Foundations were excavated for a 500-ton concentrator near the old Phoenix war- memorial monument, and construction was completed of the following: Dry-house and first-aid room, warehouse and office, machine-shop, compressor-house, core-shed, tool- shed, and explosives magazine. No living accommodation is to be provided at the mine. In addition to the construction company's crew, nine men were employed. EHOLT* Copper Noranda Exploration Company, Limited.—(49° 118° S.W.) Head office, 44 King Street West, Toronto. Under the direction of M. M. Menzies, exploratory work * By E. R. Hughes. 76 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 continued on an extensive block of claims near Eholt. Magnetometer, self-potential, and geochemical surveys were made, and all showings and outcrop areas were geologically investigated. ROSSLAND* Gold-Copper (49° 117° S.W.) Company office, 614 West Pender Street, Van- Velvet (Mid-West couver; mine office, Rossland. M. Maxwell, president; A. G. Copper & Uranium Pentland, director and consultant; C. H. Hewat, manager. Capi- Mines Ltd.) tal: 4,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company owns the old Velvet mine on the Rossland-Cascade Highway, 13 miles west of Rossland. Former operators had developed the steeply dipping Velvet vein by a vertical shaft and a lower adit, No. 8, which was connected by raises to No. 6 level, the bottom shaft level. Most of the past production was from above the No. 4 level. The present owners started development work in 1955. A new vein, or possibly the extension of the Velvet vein, was located on No. 7 level. Chalcopyrite mineralization was quite massive where encountered, but the walls were indefinite and the orebody is difficult to delineate. Service raises were driven from No. 8 level, but a positive extension of the orebody to this lower level was not found. On No. 3 level four veins were located in the footwall, parallel to the old worked-out Velvet vein. These are known as the Dick Rowe, Bunkhouse, H.W., and Staff House veins, and are 60, 130, 190, and 320 feet respectively from the Velvet vein. Not much work was done on them, other than to establish their position by diamond drilling and crosscutting. The Dick Rowe vein appeared to be the most promising of these veins, and in December a crosscut was started on No. 4 level to explore at this lower horizon. No. 8 level was slashed to main-haulage width, and battery locomotives were installed. A main ore-pass raise was driven from No. 8 level to connect with the bottom of the vertical shaft at No. 6 level. One hoisting compartment of the shaft was retim- bered as an ore-pass from No. 6 to No. 3 level. This permitted the handling of all ore from the upper levels, where it previously had to be hoisted. Near the portal of No. 8 adit a crushing plant was built. The crushed ore was lowered by a gravity tram to a new 150-ton mill erected in the bottom of Sheep Creek valley. Machinery for crushing and concentrating was obtained from the Whitewater mill at Retallack. The tram came from the Lucky Jim mine at Zincton. Electric power was supplied by the West Kootenay Power and Light Company Limited. Milling started at the end of November. The concentrates were trucked to Northport, Wash., for rail shipment to the Tacoma smelter. A new compressor-house was built near the No. 8 portal, and a new access road was built to this site. The old camp near the shaft headframe continued to be used for living-quarters. The crew was increased to forty-five by the end of 1956. (49° 117° S.W.) Company office, P.O. Box 659, Rossland. Snowdrop Warren Crowe, president and manager. Capital: 1,000 shares, (Snowdrop Mining $10 par value. This company controls the Snowdrop, Gold King, Company Ltd.) and Concordia Crown-granted claims about 1 mile west of Rossland. A narrow quartz vein in fine-grained massive volcanic rock has been developed by two short connecting adits and a small amount of stoping. In the last two years, work has been concentrated in following seams in the altered volcanic rock near the vein where high-grade pockets of gold have been encountered. In 1955 one such pocket was located about 100 feet from the portal of the upper adit. An additional 75 feet of drifting was done in this area in 1956. Another 35 feet of exploratory drifting was done in the east part of the upper level. However, no pockets of gold similar to that found in 1955 were found. * By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS 77 On the surface a mill building 18 by 24 feet was erected, but no machinery was installed. Two men were employed. No shipments were made. (49° 117° S.W.) Company office, 605 Howe Street, Vancouver. O.K., Midnight, S. A. Liening, Seattle, Wash., president. Capital: 5,000,000 I.X.L. (Midnight shares, $1 par value. This company was formed late in 1956 to Consolidated develop a group of old Crown-granted claims west of Rossland. Mines Ltd.) The main workings are on the Midnight, I.X.L., and O.K. claims and are accessible by a road \Vz miles long which leaves the Rossland-Cascade Highway one-quarter mile west of Rossland. A small crew was employed on development work in December. Previous to this the former owner of the Midnight, B. A. Lins, rehabilitated the lower levels; while at the O.K. a lessee, M. Doran, completed 48 feet of drifting. CRESCENT VALLEY* Uranium (49° 117° S.W.) The Lucky Boy group of five claims was located Lucky Boy in 1955 and 1956 by F. F. Esovoloff, of Thrums. The claims are 1 Vz miles northwest of Crescent Valley and cover much of a rocky ridge between that community and Gander Creek. Two showings are close to the axis of the ridge at about 3,500 and 4,000 feet elevation respectively. The country rock is a pegmatitic syenite consisting predominantly of coarse-grained feldspar with very minor quartz and muscovite and contains scattered inclusions of gneiss. It is buff-coloured on fresh surfaces but weathers reddish. A large part of the syenite has been more or less sheared. Quartz also occurs as scattered blocks of fist size and larger. Some quartz blocks are isolated in the syenite, while others are clustered in patches which are generally small but may reach several hundred square feet in area. The two showings are two of these patches, which are much larger than the rest and contain black uranium and niobium-bearing minerals and football-sized masses of muscovite in addition to quartz and feldspar. The showings are about 1,000 feet apart horizontally. The higher one had had no work done on it when visited in May, but its dimensions were estimated to be no more than 50 by 100 feet and its grade comparable with the lower showing. The lower showing is a triangular patch about 2,500 square feet in area in which a shallow cut has been blasted. The black minerals are sparingly and irregularly distributed, partly as nearly solid chunks as much as 2 inches across, but much more commonly as minute grains disseminated through feldspar. These grains are scarcely visible with a pocket lens, but their presence is indicated by reddening of the feldspar, by an increase in specific gravity, and by radioactivity. The buff feldspar grades to brick-red and reddish-brown with increase in black minerals, and with a little practice this reddening can be distinguished from that due to weathering. Only minor amounts of black minerals occur in quartz and muscovite. Estimation of grade would require bulk sampling, but this showing does not appear to contain more than 1 per cent of black minerals. At least two black minerals are present; one is ilmenorutile, the other probably samarskite. They are indistinguishable in hand specimen, and their relative proportions are unknown. Essentially all the uranium should be in the samarskite. A chunk that was apparently largely samarskite assayed: Uranium oxide, 6.8 per cent; thorium oxide, 2.5 per cent; niobium, 25.7 per cent; tantalum, 9.8 per cent. NELSONf Gold-Copper (49° 117° S.E.) The Bil Mecky is one of four recorded claims Bil Mecky, Archer staked on a new showing which was uncovered when a mudslide removed the overburden from the hillside above the Nelson-Trail * By G. E. P. Eastwood, t By J. W. Peck. 78 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Highway, about 6 miles west of Nelson. The claims are owned by W. Koncewicz, of Castlegar, who also has applied for a lease from the Crown on the adjoining Archer Crown-granted claim. On the Bil Mecky a quartz vein in granodiorite was exposed at an elevation of 2,250 feet, or 350 feet vertically above the highway. It was 7 feet wide, with a north-south strike and a nearly vertical dip to the west. It was sparsely mineralized with pyrite. A sample taken across the vein assayed: Gold, nil; silver, nil. On the Archer a narrow band of limy and siliceous sediments in granodiorite was explored many years ago by an adit 20 feet long which dipped 15 degrees into the hillside following the sediments. The band of sediments in the adit is 3 feet wide and is mineralized with small lenses of chalcopyrite. A sample taken across the band assayed: Gold, trace; silver, 0.2 oz.; copper, 0.47 per cent. Copper (49° 117° S.E.) J. Norville, of Toronto, owns a large group of Queen Victoria claims near Beasley, including the Queen Victoria. A road \Vz miles long leads to the property from a point on the Nelson-Trail Highway about 7 miles south of Nelson. A contact metamorphic deposit has been developed chiefly by a large open-pit (elevation, 2,750 feet), from which shipments were made over forty years ago to B.C. Copper Company smelter at Greenwood. The area back of the pit was diamond drilled in 1955. In the latter half of 1956 the Finley Company, of Reno, Nev., obtained an option. The road was repaired, a service building was erected, and a portable compressor installed. Ore remnants in the pit area were removed and trucked to the Kenville mill. The grade was about 1 per cent copper. More than 1,900 tons was milled, but 500 tons was left on site when weather forced a cessation of activity. Ten men were employed in this work. Silver-Copper (49° 117° S.E.) Company office, K.W.C. Block, Baker Street, Eureka (Copper Nelson. F. C. Buckland, president and manager. Capital: Leaf Mines 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company owns the Eureka Limited) mine on Eagle Creek and the Kenville mill at the old Granite Poorman mine. The mill is 7 miles by road west of Nelson, and the Eureka mine is 23A miles farther by steep road. The mine is developed by two connected adit levels and a raise to surface from the upper adit. It was last worked in 1953. Early in 1956 the upper or 250 level, which has been inaccessible for many years, was rehabilitated. Work was then concentrated in the south end of the workings, where former operators in 1917 had prepared a section 250 feet long for shrinkage stoping. The ore zone here is about 8 feet wide and is a remnant of calcareous sediments in granite. Quartz, chalcopyrite, galena, and native silver are the visible minerals. The zone is cut off by a fault at the south end. Three stopes totalling 110 feet long were carried up a short distance. A narrow, but richer, orebody was also mined from a sublevel above the bottom or 450 level, and a stope was carried up to the sill pillar on the 250 level. The total mined from the two levels amounted to about 3,000 tons. A battery locomotive was used for haulage on the 250 level, while a new Mancha 30-horsepower diesel locomotive was provided for the 450 level. Utility buildings were erected at the 250 portal. Mining ceased in August. Work was also done in the vicinity of the old Star shaft, which had been sunk on an orebody similar to that developed in the south end of the Eureka 250 level, a point 1,500 feet north on strike. Four holes totalling 1,600 feet were drilled from surface in an effort to correlate results obtained from two holes drilled in 1938. The ore encountered was reported to be similar in grade to that in the Eureka but with greater widths. Diamond drilling was also done on the Jack Pot, Dundee, and M.S. claims. LODE METALS 79 The Kenville mill operated intermittently on ore from the Eureka and Queen Victoria mines. Custom ore totalling 550 tons was milled from the Silver King mine. All concentrates were shipped to the Tacoma smelter. In the latter half of 1956, funds were provided by the Finley Company, of Reno, Nev., and all operations of Copper Leaf Mines Limited were then carried on under that name. The maximum number employed was forty-five. (49° 117° S.E.) This old mine is under lease from The Consoli- Silver King dated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, by A. Burgess, M. Burgess, and O. Gowing, of Ymir. The lower or Dandy adit, at 5,500 feet elevation, is reached by 9 miles of rough road southwest of Nelson. This adit extends about 2,400 feet to the old Silver King vertical shaft. The lessees rehabilitated the level for about 2,000 feet to where old shrinkage stopes had been left with broken ore when the mine last operated. This ore had become cemented and was removed with difficulty. It was trucked to the Kenville mill. The concentrates obtained were shipped to the Tacoma smelter. Production: Ore milled, 550 tons. Gross content: Gold, 5 oz.; silver, 4,429 oz.; copper, 14,682 lb.; lead, 600 lb. About one-half mile west of the old workings The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, did diamond drilling to check geological and electromagnetic results obtained a few years previously. Two holes totalling 1,078 feet were drilled to check an anomaly, but without success. A short access road was built to the drill-sites. Gold-Copper (49° 117° S.E.) This Crown-granted claim and five recorded Hungry Man claims constitute the Star Kay group on Connor Creek, a southerly flowing tributary of Rover Creek. The group is owned by S. M. Metcalf and J. McKay, of Trail. The area is accessible by a logging-road 2 miles long, which extends from the City of Nelson power plant road to Rover Creek. From Rover Creek a tractor-road 2 miles long was built in 1955 on the west side of Connor Creek to the showings at 3,300 feet elevation. This road was impassable in 1956. The Hungry Man was last active in 1901, when a shaft, now caved, was sunk to a reported depth of 65 feet to investigate a vein exposed in the schist bedrock of Connor Creek 100 feet to the west. A small pit has also been sunk on the showing, and there is an open-cut 800 feet north on strike. No mineral shows on the dump of the shaft, but a few tons of selected material have been stored near the small pit. The vein, where exposed in the creek bed and the open cut, strikes north 20 degrees west and dips 75 degrees to the east. Visible minerals are pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and quartz. Three samples were taken, as follows:— Location of Sample Width of Sample Gold Silver Copper Ft. Grab 1 6 Oz. per Ton 0.61 0.14 Trace Oz. per Ton Trace Trace Nil Per Cent 0 25 From vein where exposed in creek bed near pit (not true width) 0.22 0 08 Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° S.E.) The Deer Horn group of five recorded claims Deer Horn is 4 miles south of Nelson on the Nelson-Salmo Highway. It is (Bartlet) owned by L. Haycock, of Lumby, but was under option in 1956 to The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. The main showings are on the Deer Horn claim, which covers in part a former 80 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 surveyed claim, the Bartlet. A wide shear zone containing zinc mineralization was tested by four diamond-drill holes totalling 1,500 feet. The option was dropped after this work. SALMO* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° S.E.) L. R. Clubine, of Salmo, owns a group of claims Lucky Boy adjoining the village of Salmo to the west. The Lucky Boy work ings are west of the old Silver Dollar mine and are reached via a short access road from the old Salmo-Trail Highway. A gently dipping quartz vein in argillite was exposed by bulldozer stripping in 1953 and 1954. The owner also started an adit and drove it 20 feet. Early in 1956 Silver Standard Mines Limited obtained an option, and two men were employed to drive the adit a further 85 feet. Close timbering was required. The option was later dropped. Erie Creek (49° 117° S.E.) Gold-Silver-Lead These two recorded claims, owned by W. M. Konkin, of Salmo, Go Lucky, are on the north side of Grassy Creek, an eastward flowing tributary Hard Luck of Erie Creek. The property is reached via Ross Spur by HVi miles of road up Beavervale Creek and 5 miles of trail over Grassy Mountain. The elevation of the showings is about 6,300 feet. Narrow quartz veins in granite have been explored by a small amount of stripping and open-pit work. Most of the mineralization seen was negligible. The largest open-pit exposed a northward striking vein dipping 25 degrees west. Values up to 5 ounces of gold per ton have been reported, but a sample taken across 2 feet, the widest section, assayed: Gold, 0.03 oz. per ton; silver, 2.1 oz. per ton; lead, 3.7 per cent. Sheep Creek (49° 117° S.E.) Gold This mine is part of the old Reno holdings in the Sheep Creek Nugget camp. It is owned by A. Endersby, of Fruitvale, who has worked the property intermittently for several years. Previous production was in 1954, when 124 tons was shipped. The 1956 output was sent to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore shipped, 51 tons. Gross content: Gold, 31 oz.; silver, 15 oz. Gold The Queen mill of Sheep Creek Mines Limited was leased by Queen A. Kraft and A. MacDonald, of Ymir. A clean-up was made of the mill floor and sump. This was shipped to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore shipped, 4 tons. Gross content: Gold, 10 oz.; silver, 9 oz. Iron Mountain (49° 117° S.E.) Lead-Zinc-Tungsten Head office, Royal Bank Building, Vancouver; mine office, Salmo. Emerald, Jersey, G. A. Gordon, general manager; J. D. Little, assistant general Dodger, Feeney manager; D. N. Hogarth, mine superintendent; H. A. Steane, (Canadian Explo- general mill superintendent; R. MacLeod, superintendent, tung- ration Limited) sten concentrator; E. A. Erickson, superintendent, lead-zinc concentrator. This company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Placer Development Limited. The Emerald, Feeney, Dodger, and Jersey mines, the tungsten concentrator, and the main camp are located on the summit between Sheep Creek and • By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS 81 Tailings pond from Jersey mine, Salmo River. H.B. mine and mill, valley of Sheep Creek. 82 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Lost Creek. The property is reached by two roads which leave the Nelson-Nelway Highway 4 and 5Vz miles respectively south of Salmo. The lead-zinc concentrator is on the Nelson-Nelway Highway and is served from the mine by a series of surface and underground conveyors. In the main camp an extensive townsite, comprising over 150 dwelling units, has been developed. The average number of employees was 360, slightly more than in 1955. Emerald.—This tungsten mine, for the first time, produced the minority share of the ore for the tungsten concentrator. A considerable amount of this ore came from large open pits where the outcrop has been stripped for a length of about 1,000 feet. The remainder came from the winze area, where an interior 32-degree inclined three- compartment shaft has been sunk during the past three years to a slope distance of 2,100 feet below the 3800 or lowest adit. Nine levels have been established off this shaft, the bottom one being 1,130 feet vertically below the 3800 level. The shaft follows close to the ore, which plunges southward and has the shape of a trough, formed where the easterly dipping contact between black argillite and limestone is cut off on the east by granite. Scheelite skarn bands are found in the trough and also up limbs which extend as much as 100 feet above the trough. In the shaft area only the east limb has been productive. It is mined 5 to 15 feet wide by open-stope and slusher methods. Feeney.—This tungsten mine is 800 feet north of the northern end of the Emerald workings. It is served by one adit, and the ore has been mined through to surface. The mine was idle in 1956. Production since the start of operations in 1951 totals about 60,000 tons. Dodger.—The Dodger 4400 tungsten mine, with a portal elevation of 4,405 feet, is a 14- by 15- foot adit driven south 1,050 feet. A new extension of the ore zone was located in the east wall of the adit. This was stoped above and below the adit level. The ore was transported by diesel trucks to the top of an ore-pass near the Dodger 4200 portal, leading to an underground crusher on the 3800 level of the Emerald mine. The Dodger 4200 tungsten mine is about 5,000 feet southwest of the Dodger 4400 mine. A 14- by 15-foot crosscut adit, with a portal elevation of 4,125 feet, has been driven east for 2,500 feet. From near the end of this crosscut a drift of similar size extends north for 1,950 feet. The end of this drift is connected by raises and via the 4300 level to the Dodger 4400 mine. Irregularly shaped orebodies are located above the main drift. These were connected over a length of 1,500 feet and were considered nearly mined out by the end of 1956. The ore was removed by diesel trucks to the main ore-pass just outside the Dodger 4200 portal. Tungsten Concentrator.—This mill is near the 3800 portal of the Emerald mine. It can receive ore by track haulage from the Emerald mine, by conveyor from the underground crusher on the Emerald 3800 level, or by truck from outside sources. The milling rate averaged 17,300 tons per month, an increase over 1955. The Dodger mines provided 53 per cent of the ore, the Emerald mine 47 per cent. All tungsten concentrates continued to be sold to the United States Government under contract. Jersey.—This lead-zinc mine extends like the spread fingers of a hand through Iron Mountain in a northerly direction from the Lost Creek slope. The ore zones occur in dolomitized limestone along folds which plunge gently to the south. They are irregular and lenticular in cross-section but relatively continuous parallel to the plunge of the folds. The six ore zones now recognized are referred to as the A, B, C, D, E, and F zones. In plan they are close together at the southern end of the mine, but to the north they are farther apart. The A or most westerly ore zone, with long axis striking almost due north, has been fully developed from near the south end of the Jersey mine to the old Emerald lead-zinc mine, a distance of 4,000 feet. The B, C, and D ore zones, with long axes striking somewhat east of north, have not been developed more than about 1,500 feet north of their outcrop at the south end of the mine on the Lost Creek slope. The LODE METALS 83 E zone is east of the others and has been developed northward for almost 2,000 feet from a point about 1,500 feet north of the south end of the mine. The F zone, east of and at a lower elevation than the E zone, was developed during 1956 near the eastern end of the Dodger 4200 crosscut. The ore zones vary greatly in thickness. At places the A zone is as much as 60 feet thick, whereas the E and F zones are 8 to 10 feet thick. Most of the production was by trackless mining through the Jersey 4200 adit, but some ore was taken out through an ore-pass from workings in the E zone to the Dodger 4200 crosscut. Mining was by room-and-pillar method, the ore being removed by diesel trucks and shovels. Ore is trucked to the top of the ore-pass beside the tungsten ore-pass near the Dodger 4200 portal. Both ore-passes lead to the underground crusher on the 3800 level of the Emerald mine. The following diesel equipment was in use underground: 7 Koehring Dumptors, 1 Caterpillar DW-10 and Landis Wagon, 1 Euclid 10-ton dump truck, 3 Dart 10-ton dump trucks, 3 track-mounted drilling jumbos, 1 Caterpillar 212 grader, 1 Caterpillar D-7 bulldozer, 5 Eimco overhead loaders, 1 Trump Industrial Giraffe, and 1 LeRoi 500D compressor. In November the track area at the southern end of the ore zone was rehabilitated after being shut down for three years. Ore was mined by open-stope methods and moved to draw points by slushers. The main haulage was on the 4000 level, which is connected to the ore-pass system above the underground crusher in the Emerald 3800 level. Battery locomotives were used. Lead-Zinc Concentrator.—This mill operated at 31,500 tons per month, or at about half capacity. The lead and zinc concentrates were shipped respectively to smelters at Kellogg, Idaho, and Black Eagle, Mont. Surface Exploration.—A tungsten deposit on the Invincible claim, north of the Feeney and west of the Dodger 4400 mines, has been under investigation for two years. Extensive diamond drilling, with holes several hundred feet deep, has been done. Encouraging results are reported. Silver-Lead-Zinc Aspen Creek (49° 117° S.E.) H.B. (The Consoli dated Mining and J. C. MacLean, property superintendent; H. G. Barker, mine superintendent; H. Chalmers, mill superintendent. The H.B. mine is on the west side of Aspen Creek, with the main camp located Smelting Company on the north side of Sheep Creek, 7 miles by road from Salmo. of Canada, Limited) Zinc-lead dolomite replacement orebodies have been developed by two adits connected by an interior two-compartment vertical shaft. The hoistroom is on the top or 3500 level, and the main haulage is the bottom or 2800 level. Long ore-pass systems extend from the 2800 level to the ore zones. All production since mining commenced in 1955 has been from above the 3300 level. Two ore bodies are being mined by diamond-drill blasting to slusher drifts. In plan the orebodies are roughly parallel to each other, about 150 feet apart, and have a rake to the south of about 20 degrees. In cross-section they are lenticular, with nearly vertical sides. The average width is 50 feet, and the maximum height mined is 350 feet. The No. 1 or East orebody was developed for stoping an additional 450 feet to the south in 1956, to a total stoping length of about 1,000 feet. The No. 2 or West orebody was developed to a length of 400 feet. A new orebody was outlined by diamond drilling below the No. 1 and No. 2 ore zones. It is a tabular body dipping about 20 degrees to the south, with a maximum thickness of 35 feet and a maximum width of about 200 feet. A new ore-pass system was started from the 2800 level to develop this new orebody and the southern end of No. 1 zone. The 3000 and 3200 levels were driven to connect with the ore-pass system. Diesel locomotives were used on the 2800 level. 84 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Diesel locomotive, 2800 portal of H.B. mine. L»*te_ "">1f***, J __£__> ::. ^S________P.' -' ■..'■.■...■■ ■ ■ ' . ■■ ■■' ' ':■ -: ■■■•'?S^-i_^SF. ' :' .-■■- " ...jjpp5^ - ____*'>s_ ***'> ' ____ j^__K - ^^ ; : —~ i IH &4 8»P ^ *' _! ft; P ^:;-*r*_., ***•"" • M \ ■ . .-"""""^SfeaM m -■■■ * . Underground repair-shop, lersey mine. LODE METALS 85 The milling rate averaged 36,000 tons per month, the highest in the Nelson district. The number employed averaged 140. NELWAY* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° S.E.) Company office, 413 Granville Street, Vancou- Reeves MacDonald ver; mine office, Remac. W. L. Zeigler, Metaline Falls, Wash., Mines Limited general manager; L. M. Kinney, Metaline Falls, Wash., general superintendent; J. B. Shannon, property superintendent; J. Kozar, mine superintendent; J. S. Steele, mill superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company owns the Reeves MacDonald mine on the Pend d'Oreille River, on the Nelway-Waneta road 4 miles west of Nelway. Zinc-lead limestone replacement orebodies were mined at a steady rate of over 33,000 tons per month. The main haulage is the 1900 level. At 3,500 feet from the portal the Reeves orebody, which has been responsible for most of the production, has been developed by an interior 55-degree inclined shaft which extends to the 2650 adit level. Some sections of this orebody are now fully mined between the two adit levels. Development of the O'Donnell orebody was accelerated in 1956. This orebody is about 7,000 feet from the portal on the 1900 level. A 50-degree service-raise connection was made between the 1900 level and the old O'Donnell adit, 450 feet vertically above. The O'Donnell adit (now the 2350 level) was last worked in 1929 and contained about 900 feet of drifting and crosscutting. Sublevels were established off the service raise at 1970, 2050, 2100, 2200, 2250, and 2300 levels. The 1970 level was established as a main scram drift, and the ore was removed by blasting to pillar slots above this drift, similar to the mining method in the Reeves orebody. By the end of 1956 the O'Donnell was producing a steadily increasing proportion of the total ore mined. Exploration was started on the Reeves orebody below the 1900 level. The 52- degree inclined shaft which was sunk in 1953 to the 1500 level was unwatered. The orebody was followed by a drift for 300 feet on the 1500 level and slashed to its limits as much as 60 feet wide. Other exploration was in the B.L. section. The B.L. orebody is thought to be a faulted upper section of the Reeves orebody and should bottom at the 2350 level horizon. Work ceased in 1953 after drifting 600 feet on the 2350 Reeves level to explore this area. In 1956 this drift was driven another 600 feet, which should put the face close to the objective. The mill was enlarged to include a regrind ball mill. Mill-heads averaged about 4.4 per cent zinc and 1.2 per cent lead. Concentrates continued to be shipped to smelters in the United States. The crew remained fairly steady at 130. BOUNDARY LAKE* Copper (49° 116° S.W.) This property, owned by L. R. Clubine, of Copper Queen Salmo, is on the north side of Monk Creek, an easterly flowing tributary of Priest River which flows south into the United States. The property is accessible from Porthill, Idaho, by 26 miles of road to a point 3 miles west of Boundary Lake, whence a trail about 4 miles long extends to the showings at an elevation of 5,500 feet. The main showing is a spectacular iron-stained quartz outcrop which has been exposed by stripping and open-cut work on the east bank of an unnamed southerly flowing tributary of Monk Creek. The quartz has been exposed over a width of 50 feet. It occurs roughly at right angles to the strike of greenstone schist and dips 80 degrees south. Visible minerals are quartz, chalcopyrite, hematite, sericite mica, malachite, azurite, and minor bornite. The best part of the showing is a 20-foot-wide * By J. W. Peck. 86 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 section at the south end of the stripping, and from it a small dump of massive chalcopyrite has been sorted. An open-cut has been made 700 feet south on another iron- stained outcrop. This showing contained quartz stringers, but other minerals were negligible. Most of this work was done several years ago; in recent years the owner has paid cash in lieu of assessment work. Five samples were taken, as follows:— gd Location of Sample Width of Sample Gold Silver Copper South end of main stripping.. Next to and north of sample 1- Next to and north of sample 2~ Small cut 7 feet east on strike of sample 1 Small dump at cut 700 feet south of main stripping_ Ft. Oz. per Ton Oz. per Ton 10 0.01 Nil 10 0.01 Trace 10 Nit Nil 5 Trace Nil Grab Nil Nil Per Cent 0.15 0.17 0.048 0.006 0.01 SOUTH KOOTENAY LAKE* Next Creek (49° 116° S.W.) Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc This mine is on Wall Mountain, 18 miles by road from Tye. The Spokanet Spokane, Spokane No. 1, Snowslide, Tramline, Fraction No. 1 Fraction, and Fraction No. 2 Fraction claims are owned by K. K. Laib, of Bayonne, who has worked the property intermittently for many years. The last production was in 1954. In 1956 a lease and option was given to Dennis G. White, of Nelson. A steeply dipping quartz vein in granodiorite has been developed by several adits, the main one being No. 4, which is at the upper terminal of a small tram-line. A new adit, No. 5, was driven 120 feet as a crosscut in 1949. This was extended 52 feet to reach the vein. In a drift 12 feet south of the crosscut the vein was reported to be 18 inches wide. Three carloads of ore were mined from above the No. 4 level. This ore was trucked to Tye and thence shipped to the Trail smelter. A considerable amount of repair work had to be done on the road. Five men were employed until October, when weather forced a shut-down. Production: Ore shipped, 97 tons. Gross content: Gold, 24 oz.; silver, 313 oz.; lead, 9,124 lb.; zinc, 1,408 lb. Silver-Lead-Zinc Sanca (49° 116° S.W.) Lakeview (Blumont Mines Ltd.) Head office, Rogers Building, Vancouver, and 307 Sixth Avenue West, Calgary, Alta.; mine office, Boswell. In January, 1956, this company optioned the Lakeview mine property of five claims from E. G. Timmons, of Boswell. The claims are on the east shore of Kootenay Lake, immediately south of Sanca Creek. The occurrence consists of lenses of quartz and calcite, mineralized with galena and sphalerite with minor chalcopyrite, in a northerly trending shear zone in a roof pendant of Creston quartzite and siliceous limestone within quartz diorite of the Bayonne batholith. The mine has been developed by a shaft and three drifts. The shaft collar is at an elevation of 1,940 feet, 40 feet east of the Creston-Kootenay Bay Highway, one-half mile south of Sanca Creek bridge. No. 1 level, 30 feet below the shaft collar, extends as a drift for a distance of 380 feet, and No. 1 sublevel, 60 feet below the collar, extends as a drift for a distance of 175 feet. No. 2 level, at the shaft bottom 90 feet below the * By J. E. Merrett, except as noted. t By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS 87 collar, is connected to the surface by a crosscut 240 feet in length; drifting extends 170 feet to the north and 628 feet to the south. In past years, stoping has been done and shipments of ore were made to the Trail smelter. In 1956 a crew of three men drove 400 feet of drift on the south heading of No. 2 level. No ore was shipped. Boswell (49° 116° S.W.) Silver-Lead-Zinc This property, comprising six located claims, is on a steep moun- Hope tainside one-quarter mile east of Dark Canyon Creek, the first south-flowing tributary of Akokli Creek east of its mouth. The claims were located by N. E. Bainbridge, of Boswell, and optioned to W. Schwartzenhuer, of Castlegar. Access to the property from the Creston-Kootenay Bay Highway is by \Vz miles of road up Akokli Creek and 2.4 miles of trail by way of and beyond the pack-trail leading to the Copper Canyon mine, formerly operated by the United Lode Mining Co., Ltd. A new access road, suitable to four-wheel-drive vehicles, is under construction, and 1.3 miles of it has been completed. The main mineral occurrence is at an elevation of 5,000 feet on the steep south slope of the mountain and is a galena-bearing quartz vein ranging in width from 1 inch to 2.3 feet over an exposed length of 200 feet. The vein strikes north 12 degrees west and dips 77 degrees east, and is in folded, thinly bedded white limestone of the Dutch Creek formation. At the upper or north end the vein pinches to a fracture, and at this point the white limestone merges with a less thinly bedded zone of blue-grey limestone. Galena occurs in bands and pockets within the quartz and in minor concentrations in the bedding planes of the limestone adjacent to the vein. Minor scattered disseminations of galena are in the blue-grey limestone beyond the end of the vein. Development work included the stripping of the vein, excavation of an open-cut, and construction of the road and trail. Four samples assayed as follows:— Sample No. Location Width Gold Silver Lead Zinc 1 Ft. Grab 2.3 2.0 1.5 Oz. per Ton Trace Trace Trace Nil Oz. per Ton 5.2 11.3 5.8 6.0 Per Cent 9.8 19.0 11.4 9.7 Per Cent 26.4 2 18.7 3 17 9 4 7.2 NORTH KOOTENAY LAKE* Crawford Creek (49° 116° N.W.) Copper This property, comprising sixteen located mineral claims, is held United Copperf by F. W. Cartwright and S. F. Williams, both of Nelson. It is at an elevation of 6,900 feet on the west side of Cogle Pass, on the divide between Sawyer Creek, a tributary of Crawford Creek, and Blueberry Creek, a tributary of St. Mary River. Access to the property from Crawford Bay on the Creston-Kootenay Bay Highway is by road 10 miles up Crawford Creek to the mouth of Sawyer Creek. From this point a steep pack-trail follows the north side of Sawyer Creek a distance of 4 miles to Cogle Pass. * By J. W. Peck, except as noted. t By J. E. Merrett. 88 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The mineral occurrences are quartz veins containing minor amounts of chalcopyrite and galena in laminated argillite of the Dutch Creek formation. The veins follow the bedding planes of the argillite. The principal showing is a semi-continuous quartz vein, outcropping in a small stream and on a bluff face 150 yards west of the pass. This vein strikes north 30 degrees east and dips 57 degrees eastward. Surface stripping has indicated a length of approximately 1,000 feet. At one exposure it was noted that the vein was not continuous, and, as surface stripping is not complete, it is possible that other breaks may occur. At its widest point the vein is 8.2 feet wide. It pinches to a width of 1 foot at the north end and to a few inches at the south end. The average width is 3.5 feet. Six samples assayed as follows:— Sample No. Location Width Gold Silver Copper Lead Zinc 1 2 Creek cut 180 feet north of crosscut — Ft. 0.65 8.2 6.4 3.0 4.5 3.6 Oz. per Ton 0.03 Trace 0.01 Trace Trace Nil Oz. per Ton 0.7 0.1 Trace 0.2 Trace 0.9 Per Cent 0.047 0.75 0.43 1.2 0.51 0.45 Per Cent 0.05 Trace Trace 0.18 0.29 Per Cent 3 4 5 6 25 feet south of No. 3 50 feet south of No. 3 75 feet south of No. 3 0.04 0.04 Approximately 1,000 feet west of the upper vein and 500 feet lower in elevation, surface stripping has been done at intervals on a quartz vein system parallel to the main vein. No samples were taken as the owners reported that the assay values were low. Parallel to and approximately 500 feet west of the second vein system a series of open-cuts and five small drifts have been made on a similar occurrence of semi-continuous quartz veins which extend nearly half a mile across a basin. Where exposed the veins are short and irregular. Widths vary from 2 inches to 2 feet along strike lengths of 5 feet. Mineralization is also irregular, but with larger local concentrations of chalcopyrite than occur in the main vein. Because of these irregularities and the large intervals between exposures, representative sampling did not appear feasible. Silver-Lead This property of two located mineral claims is on the northwest Santa Fe* slope of the ridge between Hooker and Canyon Creeks, tributaries to Crawford Creek. It is owned by J. W. Mulholland, of Nelson. Access to the property from Mile 10 on the Crawford Creek road is by way of 2Vz miles of abandoned logging-roads and 1 Vz miles of pack-horse trail. An open-cut, 80 feet long, at an elevation of 5,500 feet, separated from a 15-foot deep winze by an interval of 170 feet, discloses a galena-bearing quartz vein or veins. This occurrence is in black laminated argillite of the Mount Nelson formation, one- quarter mile east of its contact with the Toby Creek conglomerate. In the middle of the open-cut a section of a quartz vein was exposed for a distance of 25 feet, but at no point was the footwall of the vein clearly exposed. The vein strikes north 20 degrees west and dips 42 degrees eastward. In some places on the footwall of the vein a narrow band of fine-grained galena and pyrite is exposed. Elsewhere the vein contains a considerable amount of oxidized material. Five samples were taken in the open-cut, but the winze was full of water and was not sampled. The samples assayed as follows:— » By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 89 Sample No. Location Width Gold Silver Lead Zinc 1 Ft. 3.2 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.8 Oz. per Ton Nil 0.01 Nil Nil Nil Oz. per Ton 1.1 10.2 3.1 1.0 2.3 Per Cent 0.14 0.57 0.85 0.17 0.16 Per Cent 0 08 2 3 4 5 5 feet southeast of No. 1 10 feet southeast of No. 1 15 feet southeast of No. 1 20 feet southeast of No. 1 0.23 0.11 0.09 0.08 Lead-Zinc J. E. McGregor, of Port Crawford, holds by record five mineral Dixie* claims on the east slope of the ridge west of Crawford Creek, approximately 2Vi miles up Crawford Creek road from the Creston-Kootenay Bay Highway. The deposit is a lead-zinc replacement in limestone. Sheep Creek Mines Limited optioned the property and drilled three diamond-drill holes totalling 324 feet. In addition, 25 cubic yards of material was removed in open-cut excavations. Riondel (49° 116° N.W.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, Trail; mine office, Riondel. D. S. Campbell, Bluebell (The Con- property superintendent; J. B. Donald, mine superintendent; T. F. solidated Mining Walton, mill superintendent. This mine is at Riondel on a small and Smelting Com- peninsula on the east shore of Kootenay Lake, 6 miles by road pany of Canada, north of the ferry-landing at Kootenay Bay. The ore deposits are Limited)* sulphide replacement bodies in a limestone band that crosses the peninsula and dips westward under the lake. The Bluebell ore zone is in the central part, the Comfort near the north, and the Kootenay Chief ore zone is at the south end of the peninsula. The early history of the property was given in the Annual Report for 1949, in which year extensive development was begun. Mining and development operations were confined to the Comfort and Kootenay Chief ore zones, most of the work being done in the latter area. Development work completed in 1956 was as follows: 2,526 feet of drifting, 2,187 feet of crosscutting, 5,208 feet of raising, 75 feet of shaft-sinking, and 18,734 feet of diamond drilling. The major part of the drifting and crosscutting was done on the 375, 525, and 675 levels. The raising was done for mine development and ventilation purposes. The No. 1 or Kootenay Chief shaft was extended 76 feet to a total slope length of 1,876 feet. The work on this extension was hampered by the unexpected encountering of a watercourse discharging water at the rate of 500 gallons per minute. This water was heavily charged with carbon dioxide. Most of the diamond drilling was for exploration purposes, but a large amount was done in advance of the level heading faces. Drilling in advance of headings has now become standard practice in order that water-bearing fissures may be detected and adequately sealed before being reached by the development face. This practice has been necessitated because of the increasing inflow of water in the mine. In December, 1956, the quantity of water pumped from the mine was in excess of 2,000 gallons per minute. To meet the increased pumping requirements, a fourth 150-horsepower 500-gallons-per- minute pump was added to the equipment at the 525 level pumping-station, and a new 60-horsepower pump was installed at the shaft bottom. In order to meet ventilating requirements, not only for normal demand, but also to dilute and remove the large amount of carbon dioxide entering the mine at several points, the over-all mine ventilation was revised. At the south end of the Kootenay Chief ore * By J. E. Merrett. 90 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 zone, connecting raises were driven from the 375 level to the surface, where an intended fan installation will increase the present discharge capacity from 75,000 cubic feet per minute to 150,000 cubic feet per minute. Stope mining was done by conventional open-stoping methods and the ore scraped to draw points. A total of 41,000 cubic yards of backfill material was placed in empty stopes. This material was principally gravel, together with a minor amount of waste rock. Surface construction consisted of an addition to the steel-shop, a reagent storage shed adjoining the mill, and a new repair garage. The safety programme was successful in maintaining a good record, with an accident-frequency rate of 0.08 and a severity rate of 5.8 shifts lost per thousand shifts worked. Mine-rescue and first-aid classes were held, and teams were entered in the Department of Mines mine-rescue and first-aid competitions held in June at Riondel. During the year Inland Dredging Ltd., of Calgary, undertook on contract to recover jig-tailings from Bluebell Bay. These tailings, having a high zinc content, were laundered into the lake during milling operations from 1900 to 1928, during which period it was not economically profitable to recover the zinc. The tailings settled at the bottom of the lake in two locations—one at a depth of 60 feet and the other at a depth of 400 feet. The dredging company recovered 3,397 tons of tailings from the shallow deposit by airlifting the material vertically to a barge, screening out the oversize pieces, and pumping the tailings to settling-ponds on the shore. The tailings were then trucked to the conveyor to the mill fine-ore bin. At the year's end, preparations were being made to airlift the material from the deep deposit directly to the settling-ponds. The average number of persons employed was 290, of which 155 were employed underground. The concentrator milled 252,523 tons of ore, of which 3,397 tons was reclaimed tailings. The concentrates produced were shipped to the Trail smelter. Harrison Minerals Ltd., under the auspices of Brewis and White Tarn O'Shanter, Ltd., of Toronto, and the direction of Mid-North Engineering Ser- etc* vices Ltd., made an extensive exploration survey of several mineral claims adjacent to the Bluebell property at Riondel. These claims included the Tam O'Shanter Crown-granted claim, the F.M. group owned by D. F. Sut- cliffe, the Arcon Base Metals Limited property controlled by A. Maclsaac, and other claims. The purpose of the exploration was to search for an occurrence of geological conditions similar to those at the Bluebell mine, in the hope that other orebodies might be found. It was believed that the cross-fractures occurring at the Bluebell mine were solution channels for the replacement ore at that property. It was believed that should these cross-fractures or fissure veins persist up Bluebell Mountain east of the mine and cross sufficiently large deposits of limestone, there was a possibility of finding replacement orebodies. The work included line cutting, mapping, magnetometer surveying, and diamond drilling. A total of 4,224 feet of diamond drilling was completed in fifteen holes. The drilling encountered some veins, but no limestone or replacement orebodies of appreciable size were disclosed; in general, the veins, where intersected, did carry low values in silver, lead, and zinc. * By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 91 Ainsworth (49° 116° N.W.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 525 Seymour Street, Vancouver; mine office, Highlander, etc. Ainsworth. H. W. Knight, president; H. D. Forman, managing (Yale Lead & Zinc director; P. E. Olson, mine manager; E. Pickard, mine superin- Mines Limited) tendent; C. Anderson, mill superintendent. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company controls most of the claims lying between Coffee and Cedar Creeks in the Ainsworth camp. The crushing plant, mill, and main haulage adit are below, and the mine plant and old Highlander adit are above the Nelson-Kaslo Highway, about three-quarters of a mile south of Ainsworth. Production of over 5,000 tons per month was maintained, except from March 21st to June 1st when the property was closed by a strike. All ore came from the Highlander mine. The Highlander mine is serviced by the old Highlander or 2150 level adit, and by the main haulage or 1900 level adit. The 2150 level explores for several thousand feet the 7-foot-wide Highlander ore-bearing shear which strikes north-south and dips 45 degrees west. Two orebodies, the Albion and Banker, have been developed by raises to the 2600 Albion adit and the 2500 Banker adit respectively. By the end of 1955 the Albion orebody had been mined out above the 2150 level, and by the end of 1956 all main ore pillars, including the main-raise pillar, had been removed. Below the 2150 level the Albion orebody has been developed from a sublevel at the bottom of the ore- body, 60 feet above the 1900 level. This area produced up to 75 per cent of the mill- feed in 1956. The remainder of the ore came from the Banker section above the 2150 level, where the orebody has been fully developed by sublevels off the main raise. Exploration and development were also carried out in the old Banker shaft workings, which are connected to the 2500 adit level. Below the 2150 level the Banker orebody has not been developed, but the 1900 level was steadily driven toward it during 1956. A new section of ore 150 feet long has been exposed in this drive. The outside properties, such as the Eden and Crescent, Krao, etc., which had in the past produced up to 25 per cent of the mill-feed, did not operate in 1956. Exploration at the Danira, Hector, and Firebrand was not continued. The number of employees averaged eighty. Company office, 850 West Hastings Street, Vancouver; mine office, Kootenay Florence Ainsworth. H. M. Wright, president; H. M. Turner, superin- (Western Mines tendent. Capital: 2,500,000 shares, $1 par value. This company Limited) owns a large group of claims lying south of Lendrum Creek and astride Princess Creek. The mine plant and mill are on the Nelson- Kaslo Highway, 2 miles north of Ainsworth. Since 1954 The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, has been carrying out an exploration programme with a view to gaining eventual control of the property. A gentle arc in the beds of the limestone in the vicinity of the old Lakeshore shaft has been investigated by surface diamond drilling. This drilling was completed in 1956 to a total depth of 23,000 feet. Western Mines Limited also conducted an exploratory programme. The area adjacent to the Nicolet workings was stripped with a bulldozer and sampling was done. Stripping was also done on the Florence vein system, midway between the Florence No. 1 adit and the north Twin drift. The concentrator has remained intact since the shut-down in 1953. A clean-up of the lower floor was made by Fred Sonnenberg under a lease arrangement. This amounted to 2 tons of lead concentrate, which was sent to the Trail smelter. Gross content: Silver, 37 oz.; lead, 2,574 lb.; zinc, 150 lb. This old mine, owned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Highland Company of Canada, Limited, has been idle for many years, ex cept for leasing operations. It adjoins the holdings of Western 92 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Mines Limited to the southwest. Four holes totalling 1,968 feet were diamond drilled to check electromagnetic results. Company office, 355 Burrard Street, Vancouver. S. A. Liening, Hercules, Silver Seattle, Wash., president; C. Lind, manager. Capital: 3,000,000 Glance (Triumph shares, $1 par value. This company owns a group of recorded and Mines Limited) Crown-granted claims south of Lendrum Creek and west of the property of Western Mines Limited. The Hercules, Sullivan, and Noranda recorded claims cover respectively the Pataha, Ellen, and Bugaboo cancelled Crown-granted claims. In 1954 and 1955 two fissure veins were developed by adits which are shown by a recent survey to be on the Noranda and Sullivan claims and not on the Hercules claim as stated in previous Reports. These adits are 2.7 miles by road from the Kootenay Florence camp. In 1956 work was concentrated in the Silver Glance adit, 1,800 feet northwest and 380 feet lower than the closest adit on the Noranda claim. About fifty years ago the Silver Glance adit was driven 270 feet on a mineralized fissure containing silver and gold mineralization. At 70 feet from the portal there is a raise 60 feet to surface and a winze reported to be 38 feet deep. At 230 feet from the portal there is a drift to the north 60 feet long. The adit was extended to the southeast with the object of intersecting, in a drive of about 1,000 feet, the known fissure veins on the Noranda and Sullivan claims. A band of limestone containing encouraging concentrations of silver-lead-zinc mineralization was encountered between 662 and 712 feet from the portal. When the work ceased because of winter conditions, the adit had reached a point 821 feet from the portal. Three men were transported daily from Kaslo for this work. This Crown-granted claim, owned by Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Tariff Limited, was under lease to T. Lane, of Ainsworth. One shipment was made to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore shipped, 7 tons. Gross content: Silver, 148 oz.; lead, 6,445 lb.; zinc, 1,535 lb. This Crown-granted claim is part of the Western Mines Limited Laura M holdings in the Ainsworth camp. A lease was given to Fred Son nenberg, who made a shipment of ore collected from surface strip- pings. Production: Ore shipped, 4 tons. Gross content: Silver, 41 oz.; lead, 2,556 lb.; zinc, 818 lb. Woodbury Creek (49° 116° N.W.) Company office, 800 Hall Building, 789 West Amazon (Kaslo Pender Street, Vancouver. H. M. Turner, manager. Capital: Base Metals, Ltd.) 3,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company owns the Amazon, Budwiser No. 2, Superior, and Superior Fraction claims at the mouth of Woodbury Creek. The last work was done in 1953, when Woodbury Mines Limited drove the Amazon adit 860 feet on the south bank of Woodbury Creek, just above the Nelson-Kaslo Highway. This adit was driven an additional 185 feet in 1956. At 990 feet from the portal the downward projection of a fissure vein exposed in Woodbury Creek canyon was intersected. This vein had been followed by old drift workings which extended east and west from the canyon 140 and 120 feet respectively. A raise was driven from the Amazon adit to the west drift, 15 feet vertically above. At 906 feet from the portal a new fissure vein was intersected. It contained 3 to 4 inches of galena, and replacement extended into the walls to a width of 2 feet. The mining plant was an Ingersoll-Rand 315-cubic-feet-per-minute portable compressor. Some difficulty was encountered in obtaining permission to use the surface near the portal. Work ceased in November. Four men were employed. LODE METALS 93 (49° 116° N.W.) Company office, 459 Baker Street, Nelson. L. N. Martini, Kennewick, Wash., president; L. D. Besecker, Ainsworth, manager. Capital: 400 shares, $500 par value. Since 1953 this company has been operating intermittently a custom mill at the mouth of Woodbury Creek. Capacity is rated at 85 tons per day. The following tonnage was treated in 1956: Caledonia, 326 tons; Star, 139 tons. The Star ore had been left over from 1955. Can-Amer Mining & Milling Company Ltd. PADDY PEAK* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° N.E.) The Utica mine is at the head of Twelve Mile Utica Creek, about 15 miles by road from Kaslo. It is owned by Utica Mines (1937) Limited and has been under lease since 1953 to J. A. Cooper, of Kaslo. The main level is the No. 7 adit, which is connected by raise to the No. 4 adit. A sublevel, the No. 5, has been driven from the raise to develop two parallel veins known as the East and West veins. As in previous years, production in 1956 was from the East vein. The nearly vertical vein was mined by cut-and-fill methods from No. 7 level nearly to No. 5, and from No. 5 level nearly to No. 4. The vein contained from 1 to 6 inches of galena with a high silver content. Ore was removed by horse haulage via the No. 7 level. It was trucked to Kaslo and thence by barge and rail to tne Trail smelter and East Helena, Mont. About three men were employed. Production: Ore shipped, 193 tons. Gross content: Silver, 18,459 oz.; lead, 39,550 lb.; zinc, 48,122 lb. RETALLACK-THREE FORKS* Silver-Lead-Zinc (50° 117° S.E.) The Caledonia mine is on the east side of Ros- Caledonia siter Creek, a southerly flowing tributary of Kaslo River. A short access road leads to the workings from Blaylock. It is owned by G. E. McCready, of Retallack, who has been responsible for a small but steady production for several years. An east-west fissure zone with a steep southerly dip has been developed by surface workings and two adits. Recent production has been from the lower adit, which is a crosscut for 155 feet, and contains more than 350 feet of drifting on the fissure. Stoping was done in the east end as previously. Ore was trucked to the Can-Amer mill near Ainsworth and also to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore milled, 326 tons. Gross content: Silver, 3,160 oz.; lead, 30,152 lb.; zinc, 37,374 lb. Ore shipped, 22 tons. Gross content: Silver, 1,555 oz.; lead, 25,717 lb.; zinc, 2,791 lb. (50° 117° S.E.) This old property at Retallack was operated by Whitewater Kootenay Belle Gold Mines Limited from 1943 until 1953, when the assets were taken over by Canada Trust Company. The property has since been inactive. In 1956 the mill equipment was sold and removed for use at the Velvet mine near Rossland. A clean-up lease was given to P. McCrory, who made a shipment of lead concentrate to the Trail Smelter. Production: Concentrate shipped, 4 tons. Gross content: Silver, 194 oz.; lead, 3,090 lb.; zinc, 855 lb. The mineral rights were acquired by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. (50° 117° S.E.) The property of Slocan Monitor Mines Limited Min, Cork near Three Forks was optioned to Frank McMahon, of Calgary. Sixteen Crown-granted claims make up the property, as follows: Keewatis, Friday Fraction, Monitor, Hustler Fraction, Nellie Fraction, Ouray, Portland No. 5, Taw Fraction, Horn Fraction, Guf, Tip, Min, Lope, West Fraction, Cork, and Ouray Fraction. The property adjoins Violamac ground on the north and west. Bull- * By J. W. Peck. 94 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 dozer stripping and geological mapping were done in the vicinity of the Min and Cork workings. This work indicated that a favourable situation might exist in the limy argil- lites on the Lope claim. A Cork adit at an elevation of 3,600 feet was rehabilitated and a drive started southwesterly into the Lope claim. At the start of this work the dip of the limy argillites was to the west, but when about 600 feet had been driven the dip had changed to the east. Mining was contracted to F. P. Vanin and V. C. Hanson, who installed a small plant near the portal. This site is reached by one-half mile of road from a point on the Violamac mine road, 1.2 miles from the Three Forks-Sandon road. R. E. Legg, of Vancouver, is consultant. SANDON* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° N.E.) Head office, 1160 Peel Street, Montreal; mine Silversmith, etc. office, Sandon. J. A. Murphy, Montreal, president; T. R. Buck- (Carnegie Mines ham, mine manager. Capital: 10,000 shares, $1 par value. This of British company owns the Silversmith, Slocan Star, Richmond-Eureka, Columbia, Ltd.) Ruth Hope, and Slocan King mines on Sandon Creek, south of Sandon. A truck-road extends to all mines from the mill on the western outskirts of Sandon. In the first half of 1956 work was restricted to the driving of an exploratory crosscut on the No. 10 level of the Silversmith. This crosscut was started in 1955 and was driven into the hangingwall to investigate parallel vein systems projected downward as the result of previous geological mapping. This crosscut, a possible 1,800 feet long and driven on a one-shift basis, was nearing its objective in December. In the latter half of 1956 the Slocan Star, idle since 1953, was put into production. Stoping and development work were carried out on the No. 3 adit level. In the Ruth Hope mine stoping was done from a sublevel above the west end of the No. 5 adit level. This latter area had been made accessible by development work in 1954, but was idle in 1955. The mill operated in the latter half of 1956 on a one-shift basis at about 30 tons per day. In addition to the Slocan Star and Ruth Hope ores, 500 tons of jig tailings were obtained from the site of the old Slocan Star mill at the No. 10 portal. The crew had increased to over twenty by December. (49° 117° N.E.) Head office, 721 Eastern Avenue, Toronto. Noble Five, etc. James A. Taylor, president; D. M. Kline, consultant. Capital: (Cody-Reco Mines 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company owns a group of Limited) claims north of Cody, including old mines such as the Noble Five, Slocan Sovereign, Last Chance, American Boy, and Deadman. A road extends from the mill at Cody to all principal workings. The mill can also be served by tram-line from the lower portals of the Noble Five and Slocan Sovereign mines. As in 1955, all work was in the Noble Five mine. This mine is serviced by a long adit crosscut (No. 18 level) and a 1,000-foot, vertical, interior, four-compartment shaft extending from this adit to No. 8 adit. The shaft has not been used for many years, but several raises have been driven in recent years to No. 16 level, the most extensive level off the shaft. In 1956 development work was concentrated on No. 18 level to the west of the main adit crosscut, where the projected American Boy vein shear was located in 1955. This shear was explored by drifting 365 feet west and 113 feet east. In the west drift a raise was put up 70 feet and a sublevel 60 feet long established. Exploratory raises totalling 100 feet were driven from this sublevel. The mineralization encountered was negligible. About 100 feet of raising was done on small stringers from the 18/21 raise. The results of this work also were disappointing. Development work was under the * By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS 95 direction of W. Hall, and ceased in May. Commencing in August a geological and diamond-drilling programme was carried out by Mid-West Engineering Services Limited, of Toronto. This work was confined to Nos. 8 and 18 levels, with Grant Harper in charge. The mill did not operate. The number of men employed averaged ten. (49° 117° N.E.) Head office, 416, 25 Adelaide Street West, Victor (Violamac Toronto; mine office, New Denver. George A. MacMillan, presi- Mines Limited) dent; J. C. Black, manager, western operations; W. M. Sharp, manager. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company owns the Victor mine, 2^ miles by road northwest of Sandon, or 2*/i miles by road southeast of Three Forks. The nearly vertical Victor vein has been developed by several connected adits, the lowest being No. 9. Between No. 7 and No. 9 levels a long sublevel, the 3950, was extended in 1956. This work indicates that the Victor vein has a mineralized length of about 1,400 feet and a width ranging from a crack to as much as 6 feet. Most of the production in 1956 came from above the 3950 level. Very little ore has been found on No. 9, which is the longest level—it is 4,200 feet long. One block of ore known as the West Victor is 195 feet long on No. 9 level. Ore search was also conducted on the No. 5 and No. 7 levels. The No. 10 adit, which is below No. 9 adit and on a different vein, was extended to a length of 750 feet. One stope was started in the best mineralized section. The old Cinderella mine downhill from the Victor was reopened, mapped, and surveyed. A short access road was built. This mine consists of two connected adits and approximately 2,000 feet of workings. Sorted ore, which assayed over 70 per cent lead and 90 ounces of silver to the ton, continued to be shipped to the Trail smelter. Ore of milling grade continued to be trucked to the Western Exploration mill at Silverton, at an average of about 1,800 tons per month. The grade was slightly below that milled in 1955. The number of men employed averaged sixty-five. (49° 117° N.E.) This company is controlled by Violamac Mines Limited, which owns the adjoining Victor mine. The main haulage is the No. 4 level, which is connected by raises via a sublevel to the old No. 3 adit. Exploration continued on a small scale, chiefly on the sublevel where a narrow vein containing small lenses of galena has been followed by a drift for a few hundred feet. A small amount of drifting and raising was done on the sublevel, and a small exploratory stope was started in the best section. All services were supplied from the Violamac camp. Two men were employed. (49° 117° N.E.) This is an old Crown-granted claim east of the Victor claim, about half-way along the Sandon-Victor mine road. It is owned by W. D. Pengelly and associates, of New Denver and Silverton. Since 1954 a narrow lode containing small lenses of galena has been developed intermittently by the extension of an old adit. Sorted ore was trucked to the Trail smelter. Other ores, stockpiled since the start of operations, were milled at the Van Roi concentrator. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 373 Baker Street, Nelson. J. R. Kenney, Chicago, 111., vice-president and manager. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company owns a large group of claims southwest of Sandon, including the Wonderful. The property has been idle since 1953, except for exploratory work on a small scale. A narrow vein was exposed by bulldozer stripping a few hundred feet from the Pearson adit. An adit was started on this vein, and a few tons of galena were sorted out. Two men were employed. Production: Ore shipped, 10 tons. Gross content: Silver, 596 oz.; lead, 10,521 lb.; zinc, 2,050 lb. Lone Bachelor (Lone Bachelor Mines Limited) Hinckley Wonderful (Silver Ridge Mining Company Limited) 96 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 (49° 117° N.E.) This claim is near the summit of Mount Payne, Discovery Fraction north of Sandon. It is owned by E. H. Petersen, of Sandon, who made a small shipment to the Trail smelter. Previous production was in 1953. Production: Ore shipped, 9 tons. Gross content: Silver, 1,035 oz.; lead, 11,739 1b.; zinc, 4501b. SLOCAN LAKE* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 38 South Dearborn Street, Mammoth, Stand- Chicago, 111.; mine office, Silverton. M. P. McCullough, Chicago, ard, Enterprise, president; A. M. Ham, Silverton, managing director; R. A. Avi- Monarch (Western son, mine superintendent; C. E. Towgood, mill superintendent. Exploration Com- Capital: 2,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company pany Limited) owns the Mammoth, Monarch, and Standard mines near Silverton, and the Enterprise mine on Enterprise Creek, 12V£ miles by road south of Silverton. The Monarch lode, which lies between the Mammoth and Standard mines, has been under development since 1952. As a result of several thousand feet of drifting and crosscutting in the Monarch adit (elevation 5,350 feet), followed by diamond drilling, an orebody was indicated below the adit. The Hecla drift, on the No. 7 adit level of the Mammoth mine (elevation 5,040 feet), was extended to a total length of 4,000 feet in 1955 to reach under this orebody. A raise was started in the hangingwall of the lode toward the orebody and was completed in 1956 to the Monarch adit. A sublevel was established half-way in the raise in the vicinity of the orebody. In the Hecla drift a mineralized section 500 feet long was explored by several box holes, and the broken material from the drift and the box holes was milled as a large bulk sample totalling about 1,000 tons. The results were sufficiently encouraging to warrant the start of a diamond- drilling programme to explore this orebody at depth. Production started from the Mammoth mine, which had been idle since 1952. The main haulage level is No. 7 adit, which is connected by a 45-degree raise to No. 9 adit level, 340 feet below. The last production was from No. 8 level, where a square-set stope was carried up nearly to the mined-out block above No. 7 level. In 1956 a stope was started on No. 9 level near the main raise, and the adit was driven to a point about 400 feet east of the main raise. Mineralization encountered was sufficient to warrant prospecting by box holes. This development ore and the stope production, and the Hecla drift ore, was delivered to the mill via the 16,000-foot tram-line. Electricity and compressed air were supplied from the company's hydro plant on Silverton Creek. The living-quarters on site were used. The Standard was idle except for leasing operations. J. Kelly and W. Postlethwaite obtained about 300 tons from Nos. 2, 6, and 7 levels. This ore was milled at the company's mill. The Enterprise mine remained closed, but the camp is intact and a watchman is employed. The mill operated throughout 1956 treating Violamac ore on a custom basis. Company ore amounted to about one week's run per month. The number of men employed averaged thirty-five. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 511, 850 West Hastings Street, Bosun (New Vancouver. R. Crowe-Swords, president. Capital: 3,000,000 Santiago Mines shares, 50 cents par value. The Bosun mine is on the east shore Limited) of Slocan Lake, Wz miles south of New Denver on the Nelson- Nakusp Highway. The main haulage, No. 6 adit, is driven beneath the highway from a site 40 feet above the lake. The mine has been idle since 1953, except for a small crew engaged to unwater the winze section in 1955. In 1956 a lease * By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS 97 was given to W. H. McLeod, of Silverton, who, with the aid of two partners, started an exploratory crosscut in the south centre section of the mine to investigate a vein reported to have been intersected by a diamond-drill hole many years ago. The crosscut was driven beneath the hole, which had been drilled slightly upward. The crosscut was driven 132 feet and an additional 35 feet was diamond drilled from the face, but no vein was encountered. A raise was then started to locate the exact position of the old diamond- drill hole. (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, 532 Burrard Street, Vancou- Van Roi, Hewitt ver; mine office, Silverton. W. Tattrie, mine manager; T. Leask, (Slocan Van Roi mill superintendent. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, no par value. Mines Limited) This company owns the Van Roi and Hewitt mines near Silverton. Transcontinental Resources Limited has directional control. As in 1955, work was concentrated in the Hewitt mine, 6V4 miles by road southeast of Silver- ton. On the lowest or No. 10 level, an orebody about 2,000 feet from the portal has been stoped in the past above the level. In 1956 a 10- by 7-foot winze, inclined at 65 degrees, was sunk in the hangingwall and a level established 100 feet vertically below No. 10 level. A crosscut was driven 100 feet south to reach the vein, and drifting was done east and west. This work exposed a section 95 feet long, well mineralized over drift width with galena, sphalerite, and ruby silver. Development of this ore block was in progress at the end of 1956. Above No. 10 level a lease was given to M. Tarnowski, of Silverton, to mine remnants in the 1026 stope. Tarnowski and two partners removed 563 tons for milling at the company's concentrator. The Van Roi mine and camp are one-quarter mile by road east of the Hewitt No. 10 portal. Since 1953 the mine has been under lease to M. Slobodzian, J. W. Miller, and L. Fried, who are known collectively as the S.F. and M. Mining Company. Most of the ore in 1956 came from stopes above No. 1 level and some from the winze area in the southwest end of No. 3 level. Development was started of a block of ore below the mined-out " Brookes' " stope in the extreme southeast end of No. 3 level. With company assistance a crosscut was driven under this ore from No. 4 sublevel. Leasing operations employed as many as eight men. Another lease was given in the latter half of 1956 to V. Hansen and C. Higgins (Higgins & Co.) to mine ore on No. 5 level in the 546 south stope. Considerable track and pipe had to be installed to service this area. The Van Roi mill is 1 mile south of Silverton on the Nelson-Nakusp Highway. It had been shut down since 1952. It was rehabilitated and milling started in March, 1956. It operated on company and custom ore at a rate of 40 to 50 tons per day. The following tonnage was treated: — Net Tons A.U. (N.G.N. Partnership) 97 Van Roi lessees (S.F. & M. Mining Co.) 3,684 Hinckley Mining Co. 96 Galena Farm (F. Mills) 238 Westmont (Myers & Thickett) 170 Hewitt lessee (M. Tarnowski) 563 Van Roi lessees (Higgins & Co.) 405 Fisher Maiden (F. Mills) 75 Austin (L. Gormley) 34 Total custom milling 5,362 Company production, Hewitt 2,049 Total 7,411 98 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The Van Roi camp, consisting of modern bunk-houses, change-house, and cookhouse, was again put into use. It had been partly stripped in 1953. The number of men employed on company operations averaged twenty. (49° 117° N.E.) This mine is about 2 miles by road south of Galena Farm Silverton. For several years it has been leased intermittently by Frank S. Mills, of Silverton. A mineralized fissure, discovered in 1955 east of the old shaft, was developed by a short adit. A well-mineralized section, 50 feet long, was stoped to near surface. Sorted ore was shipped to the Trail smelter, and the lower grade was milled at the Van Roi concentrator. Production: Ore shipped, 30 tons. Gross content: Silver, 3,315 oz.; lead, 39,619 lb.; zinc, 3,166 lb. Ore milled, 238 tons. Gross content: Silver, 3,085 oz.; lead, 32,259 lb.; zinc, 43,034 lb.; cadmium, 278 lb. (49° 117° N.E.) The Noonday mine is just east of the Galena Noonday Farm mine. It was under lease to K. Millar and H. Lyon, of Silverton, who made a shipment to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore shipped, 5 tons. Gross content: Silver, 25 oz.; lead, 661 lb.; zinc, 428 lb. (49° 117° N.E.) The A.U. No. 1 and A.U. No. 2 are recorded A.U. claims adjoining the Van Roi holdings to the south and cover (Lucky Thought) ground at one time known as the Lucky Thought. The workings are reached by a road, 1 mile long, from a point on the Silverton Creek road 3 miles from Silverton. The property has been idle since 1950, but in 1956 operations resumed under the N.G.N. Partnership of J. Nesbitt, K. Gordon, and W. Nixon. A mineralized shear in argillite has been developed by four adits. A sublevel is established off a raise between the No. 4 and No. 3 adits. All previous ore has been obtained from the sublevel and above No. 3 level. In 1956 work was concentrated in No. 4 adit, which consists of a southerly crosscut for 650 feet long and 600 feet of drifting on the shear. No worth-while mineralization has been encountered on this level. Further exploration by a raise west of the main raise was without success. In the main raise a slash was started at a point half-way up the raise on the east side at what appeared to be the bottom of an oreshoot. The ore obtained was trucked to the Van Roi mill. Production: Ore milled, 90 tons. Gross content: Silver, 181 oz.; lead, 1,005 lb.; zinc, 11,149 1b. (49° 117° N.E.) The Fisher Maiden property consists of the Fisher Maiden Troy and St. Helena Crown-granted claims on the north side of Silverton Creek, 8 miles by road from Silverton. It is owned by Frank S. Mills and S. Dewis, both of Silverton. It was last active in 1953, when the lowest adit was rehabilitated for its full length of 1,330 feet. The main oreshoot in this adit is near the portal, where a fissure vein in granite has been partly stoped to the adit above. The ore thus obtained and stored many years ago in a cribbed structure at the portal was removed in 1956 and trucked to the Van Roi mill. Production: Ore milled, 75 tons. Gross content: Silver, 1,196 oz.; lead, 1,929 lb.; zinc, 11,097 lb. (49° 117° N.E.) This is a group of eight Crown-granted claims Westmont on the north side of Enterprise Creek, opposite the Enterprise mine. It is owned by J. A. Cullinane, of Nelson. A short access road leads to the lowest of four adits from a point on the Enterprise Creek road about AVz miles from the Nelson-Nakusp Highway. The property has been idle since 1929, and most of the workings are inaccessible. In 1956 a lease was given to C. Thickett and H. Myers. The No. 4 dump, which is on the Eastmont claim, was mined and trucked to the Van Roi mill at Silverton. Production: Ore milled, 170 tons. Gross content: Silver, 2,453 oz.; lead, 3,986 lb.; zinc, 5,599 lb. (49° 117° N.E.) The Austin group of three recorded claims is Austin west of the Enterprise mine of Western Exploration Company Limited and covers the abandoned Mount Royal group of Dumac LODE METALS 99 Mines Limited. It is owned by L. Gormley, of New Denver. A strong shear zone has been developed by open-cuts and short adits. The property has been idle since 1952 but was worked on a small scale in 1956, and the ore obtained was trucked to the Van Roi mill at Silverton. Production: Ore milled, 34 tons. Gross content: Silver, 184 oz.; lead, 1,891 lb.; zinc, 2,944 lb. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1952, p. 180.] (49° 117° N.E.) The Boomerang and Richmond claims are Boomerang owned by the estate of S. N. Ross, which is administered by the executrix, Mrs. E. Ward, of Nelson. The claims are on the south side of Enterprise Creek, about 1 Vz miles above the confluence with Paupo Creek. The property is accessible by fair road to Paupo Creek, 9 miles from the Nelson-Nakusp Highway, and thence by a steep road and 1,000 feet of trail. Recent activity has been restricted to road-building. A quartz vein in granite has been explored by two adits, but recent flood erosion has covered the area with debris, making the mine inaccessible. Previous to this, Mr. Ross had done a small amount of development work with hand- steel, and several tons of ore was sorted from this work and stored in sacks on site. Quartz, galena, sphalerite, and grey copper were the noticeable minerals in the ore. Mrs. E. Ward, P. Ward, and N. Subasic made one shipment to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore shipped, 3 tons. Gross content: Silver, 144 oz.; lead, 266 lb.; zinc, 271 lb. SPRINGER CREEK* Silver (49° 117° N.E.) Company office, c/o W. E. Graham, Slocan City. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, 1 cent par value. This company owns the Ottawa mine on Springer Creek, 5 miles by road from Slocan City. Intermittent work has been carried on for several years in the lowest or No. 6 adit, which is not connected to No. 5 Four stopes numbered A to D have been carried up the 25-degree dip of a quartz vein. C. Thickett, W. Boisvert, and A. Archibald were employed to make a raise connection to a sublevel which is accessible from No. 5 adit level, and about 190 feet was driven before work ceased. These men underhand mined in the vicinity of " B " stope and shipped ore to the Trail smelter under a working agreement. Production: Ore shipped, 10 tons. Gross content: Silver, 2,732 oz.; lead, 116 lb.; zinc, 36 lb. Ottawa (Ottawa Silver Mining & Milling Company) adit. Gold-Silver Promistora LOWER ARROW LAKE* (50° 117° S.W.) This property is near Burton, at the north end of Lower Arrow Lake. D. Pearce, of Arrow Park, made a shipment to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore shipped, 9 tons. Gross content: Gold, 23 oz.; silver, 27 oz.; lead, 185 lb.; zinc, 258 lb. Gold-Silver-Lead-Zinc NORTH LARDEAUf Spider, Eclipse, etc. (Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited)! (50° 117° N.W.) Company office, 307, 413 Granville Street, Vancouver; mine office, Beaton. J. Drybrough, president; G. G. Sullivan, manager; O. Meurling, mine superintendent; E. Hall, mill superintendent. Capital: 4,000,000 shares, no par value. The mine camp and mill are at the old townsite of Camborne, 6 * By J. W. Peck. t By J. W. Peck, except as noted. t By G. E. P. Eastwood and J. W. Peck. 100 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 miles by road northeast of Beaton, on the northeast arm of Upper Arrow Lake. The mine is on the south side of Pool Creek, 2 to 3 miles by very steep road from Camborne. The veins strike a few degrees west of north and dip steeply east. They consist of sphalerite, silver-bearing galena, pyrite, and minor chalcopyrite in quartz-carbonate gangue. Grey copper and arsenopyrite occur locally. A small amount of gold is recovered from the ore, but its mineralogical association is unknown. Vein walls have been extensively replaced by siderite, in places accompanied by green chromium mica. Mining in recent years has been mainly from the Spider No. 4 vein, the largest of five en echelon veins in the Spider zone. In 1956 the company began mining a vein in the Eclipse zone, 1,000 feet east of the Spider. This vein was at first thought to be the extension of an unproductive vein followed by an old adit on the Eclipse claim, but it is now believed to be distinct, and is called Eclipse No. 2 in this Report. Some exploratory work has been done on the Barclay and Sandy veins, 1,000 and 2,000 feet west of the Spider zone, with inconclusive results. Four adit levels have been driven on the Spider No. 4 vein, the lowest being No. 10. By the end of the year the vein was mined out nearly down to this level. The Eclipse No. 2 vein is developed by a long crosscut off No. 10 adit, by a 10-level drift, by a raise, and by a sublevel 110 feet above No. 10. In 1956 the raise was completed to the surface of bedrock and an adit driven in overburden to intersect it. At the end of the year, preparations were made to sink an internal shaft below No. 10 level. A 90-foot crosscut investigated mineralization found by drilling east from the Eclipse vein on No. 10 level. Four long holes were drilled to test the extensions of the Spider No. 4 and Eclipse No. 2 veins below No. 10 level, and a few short holes were drilled from Nos. 5 and 6 levels to test the downward extensions respectively of the Spider Nos. 1 and 2 veins and Spider No. 5 vein. In May a fire completely destroyed the mining plant at No. 10 portal. It was rebuilt with some improvements. Another fire in May destroyed a new modern bunk-house with the loss of one life. The structure was replaced during the summer. These accidents affected the mill tonnage in May, but the average for the year was about 2,400 tons per month. Mill-heads averaged: Gold, 0.1 oz. per ton; silver, HVi oz. per ton; lead, 9V_. per cent; zinc, 12 per cent. The concentrates were transported by truck and Arrow Lakes barge to rail-head at Nakusp and then to smelters in the United States. Stockpiling was done at the mine for several weeks in the winter, when the upper end of Upper Arrow Lake froze over. The number of men employed averaged sixty-four. History.—Underground work on the Spider claim began in 1910, and small-scale development was carried on until 1930. I. G. Nelson acquired the claim in 1937 and in 1948 optioned it to W. J. Scorgie, who subsequently assigned the option to Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited, a company organized by him and incorporated in 1947. In 1950 a diamond-drilling programme supervised by D. Burns resulted in the discovery of Nos. 4 and 5 veins. In 1951 a crosscut was driven to the veins on No. 5 level, No. 6 adit was driven, and the option was exercised. A mill was installed in the old Meridian mill building and started up in May, 1952. A short adit formerly known as No. 6 was extended as No. 8 to intersect No. 4 vein. Berens River Mines Limited provided additional funds and assumed operating control in 1952. No. 10 adit was driven in 1953. In 1956 Berens River Mines Limited was liquidated, and control of Sunshine Lardeau operations passed to the parent organization, Newmont Mining Corporation. Production through to 1956 is tabled on the following page:— LODE METALS 101 Ore Shipped Ore Milled Gold Silver Lead Zinc Copper Cadmium Vein 1911 Tons 6 12 6 137 28 6 90 12 26 800? 755? 685 710? Tons Oz. 16 8 1 8 1 3 706 1,103 2,117 2,475 2,129 Oz. 1,051 9,909 307 9,314 1,863 470 6,784 1,294 942 147,710 154,658 299,252 326,828 333,714 Lb. 4,153 4,137 1,633 35,786 8,652 2,434 34,019 8,132 9,839 1,298,777 2,221,558 3,911,339 5,143,334 5,193,437 Lb. Lb. Lb. 1 1912 1 1917 1 and 2 1926 32,260 7,687 1 and 2 1927 1 and 2 1929 3 1937 29,838 3,122 7,028 836,525 2,478,730 3,280,068 5,608,261 6,064,726 = 2 and 3 1941 1949 1952 6,319 16,503 17,219 28,345 28,142 land 2 1953 1954 38,969 19,058 17,575 31,027 36,024 4 4 1955 1956 97,781 4 and Eclipse 2 The Eclipse claim was located in 1899, and the adit on No. 1 vein started in 1900. The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, drilled the showing in 1927-28 and drove the adit to its present length. Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited obtained an option-purchase agreement from Lardeau Mines Exploration Limited in 1954 and found the No. 2 vein by diamond drilling from surface. A long crosscut on the Spider No. 10 level was driven to the vein in 1955. Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited drilled the Sandy vein from surface in 1954, and late in 1955 enlarged and extended the upper adit. Diamond drilling from this adit found no additional ore, and the temporary mining plant was removed in the spring of 1956. Topography.—The veins are on the south side of Pool Creek, which flows in a deep rock canyon. Away from the creek the hillside is heavily timbered and thickly covered with overburden. Natural exposures are scarce, and exceedingly thick gravels on the Eclipse claim have presented difficulties in diamond drilling and mining. Geology.—The country rock is greenstone and locally black phyllite, squeezed into close asymmetric to isoclinal folds, with overturning to the southwest. Plunges are to the southeast, averaging about 25 degrees. The folds can rarely be traced between exposures. The rocks are broken by six types of steeply dipping fractures:— (1) Slip along the schistosity, which in turn is parallel to bedding except in the axial regions of folds. Bedded gouge seams are locally conspicuous, and polished foliation surfaces are closely spaced through most of the rock. Rare slickensides indicate right-hand movement. (2) North-striking right-hand faults. These are the principal sites of mineralization and are discussed in some detail below. (3) Fault offshoots, which commonly break directly across the foliation. Some are mineralized. (4) Radiating shears in Spider Nos. 1 and 3 vein areas; some are mineralized. Types (1) to (4) are believed to be genetically related and to have been produced at roughly the same time by the same stresses. (5) Rare, widely scattered, east-west joints and faults with variable dips and in part quartz bearing. One is known to be mineralized. (6) Small gouge-bearing faults in the Pool Creek bluffs displacing phyllite, diorite, and quartz veins in various directions and senses. Mineralization has not been observed in them. The right-hand faults strike mostly between north 5 degress west and north 15 degrees west and dip 70 to 80 degrees east. The strike length ranges up to at least 450 feet, and the vertical range is probably at least as great. The strike-slip was proved to 102 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 be right hand except on the Spider Nos. 3 and 5 and Barclay faults, where data are obscure. Eclipse No. 2 is a normal fault with a net slip of about 140 feet raking about 45 degrees south. On most other faults the net slip is probably between 30 and 200 feet. Oblique slip is probable on most faults even though drag structures within them indicate nearly horizontal movement. The faults terminate laterally by fraying and curving left into the foliation, the displacement presumably being taken up along foliation slips. Most faults have one or more mineralized cross-fractures that curve to the right perpendicular to the foliation. The amount and direction of movement on these fractures are unknown. The faults appear to be restricted vertically. Mineralization in Eclipse No. 2 ends a short distance above the sublevel, suggesting the fault may be dying out upward. Spider No. 1 fault disintegrates upward into a shatter zone, and Spider No. 4 shortens toward surface. Spider No. 1 fault shortens downward. Silver-lead-zinc mineralization, so far as is known and with one exception, is restricted to the north-striking faults and to a few fractures associated with them. Conversely, north-striking faults devoid of mineralization have not been observed. Additional faults beneath overburden might be predicted if offset could be shown, but this appears possible only along the greenstone-phyllite contact. Elsewhere, horizon markers are difficult to establish and the structure is complex. Along most veins the wallrock is largely replaced by siderite, but not all siderite rock is associated with veins. Considerable areas of phyllite show partial replacement, accompanied by some silicification, and a few patches of nearly complete replacement occur in both phyllite and greenstone distant from any known veins or faults. Normally, carbonate replacement of the wallrock dies out just before the fault curves into the foliation, but from the Spider No. 2 vein it follows the foliation to No. 1 and on to Nos. 4 and 5. The replacement was therefore once believed to be a bedded zone with ore occurring in it along north-striking joints, and Nos. 4 and 5 veins were found by drilling the zone at intervals. The north-striking fissures are now known to be faults, and the siderite replacement is believed directly related to them. Intense alteration dies out in scattered surface exposures a short distance southeast of No. 2 vein and in slashes into the west wall of No. 5 vein on No. 5 level. The southerly extension of No. 4 vein on No. 7 and lower levels is beneath the altered area on No. 5 level and surface. It is suggested that disturbance by four faults locally opened the foliation to siderite replacement. Spider Zone (see Figs. 8 and 9). — The five known Spider veins are all in greenstone and have considerable thicknesses of altered wallrock. Quartz is the principal gangue, accompanied by some calcite and siderite. Quartz is sparing on the upper levels but forms a thick continuous vein along No. 4 fault on Nos. 8 and 10 levels, obliterating the fault for considerable distances. Sulphides line fault remnants or form large ragged lenses and pockets in the gangue. Veinlets of quartz or sulphides extend into the walls. The principal sulphides are pyrite, sphalerite, and silver-bearing galena. Chalcopyrite is minor but is widely distributed. Grey copper is rarely seen in No. 4 vein but was an important constituent of ore from Nos. 1 and 2 veins. Arsenopyrite is rare. The Spider No. 4 vein has a known vertical range of more than 600 feet and a length which increases from 85 feet on No. 5 level to 400 feet on No. 10 level, in addition to about 100 feet of low-grade ore in an offshoot on No. 10. The ore is from 3 to 10 feet wide. Ore is continuous along the vein in the upper levels, but the longer sections of vein on Nos. 8 and 10 levels contain short lengths carrying only sparsely disseminated sulphides. On these levels the vein splits toward the north end, the intersection plunging 70 degrees north. On No. 10 level an offshoot curves to the right across the foliation and back to a north strike; sphalerite and galena are essentially con- LODE METALS 103 No. 5 \__-No.4Fault Faylt LEGEND Ore Siderite rock and quartz Greenstone *vvvwv Shear Scale No. I No.2 Fault Projected Figure 8. Spider zone. No. 5 level. fined to the north-striking portion of the offshoot, although quartz and pyrite are continuous around the double curve. The offshoot has not been explored above No. 10 level. No. 1 vein is 70 feet long on No. 4 level, where a cross-fracture vein extends a short distance southwest. It has been stoped through 3 level to surface, and an old winze followed ore down 46 feet from No. 4 level, but only a few small pockets of ore minerals were found on No. 5 level in a drift which is probably on No. 1 vein. This vein probably does not extend more than 20 feet beyond the present face of No. 5 level. No. 2 vein is 50 feet long on No. 2 level but shortens upward and downward. It has been stoped for about half its length through No. 1 level. On No. 4 level either of two mineralized shears 5 feet apart could be the downward continuation of No. 2 fault. Drilling does not appear to have disproved the possibility of ore in this vein on No. 5 level. No. 3 vein is actually a shattered zone in and near No. 8 portal. Some of the many fissures are mineralized with as much as 3 feet of sphalerite and galena. No. 9 adit 104 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 (originally called No. 7) was driven in 1929 and 1937 to intersect one of these veins but encountered only a little sparse mineralization, and drilling from Nos. 8 and 10 adits encountered none. However, ore possibilities are not disproved. No. 1 vein passes upward into a rather similar shattered zone. Small veins are scattered through altered greenstone for 120 feet westerly from No. 8 portal; therefore, any coherent vein underlying the shattered zone may he to the west of No. 9 adit and have been missed by the drilling. Such a vein might rake down to the offshoot of No. 4 vein on No. 10 level, but this seems unlikely. No 5 vein has been stoped from No. 5 level to surface, and little of it can now be seen. The ore is reported to have been soft and heavily oxidized. The wallrock is intensely replaced by siderite, weathered and considerably broken. Scattered observations along the drift suggest that mineralization followed a shear branching off the south end of No. 4 fault and curving to a north strike. Drilling from Nos. 6 and 8 levels does not appear to have disproved the possibility of ore at greater depth. // No. 10 El.2763' No. 9 EI.29I7' // No.8 EI.2990' Eclipse )/ El. 2718' Eclipse No.l Vein Eclipse No.2-.\''| Vein I'M; 'mm No.l 'I El. 3611 Figure 9. Spider and Eclipse zones. No. 10 level. J LODE METALS 105 Eclipse Zone.—The two Eclipse veins are believed to be on separate faults because shears in the Eclipse adit curve into the foliation some distance short of the face, because mineralization in No. 2 vein dies out short of the face, and because the veins do not line up when projected to the same level. The adit vein may be analogous to the offshoot of Spider No. 4 vein, but this is unlikely. It would require the quartz to cross the footwall shear where the shear curves toward the hangingwall, and a crosscut to the start of this curve exposes no appreciable quartz beyond the shear. The No. 2 vein has a known vertical range of about 250 feet and an average length of about 200 feet. It closely resembles the Spider veins, even though it is partly in black phyllite, but the envelope of altered wallrock is much thinner, rarely extending more than 8 feet from the fault. Toward the south end a cross-fracture to the southwest contains abundant sphalerite and galena for some 30 feet. On the sublevel the fracture appears to end at a bedded shear. The intersection rakes steeply north. Drilling and drifting eastward from the Eclipse No. 2 found a narrow arcuate vein containing sphalerite and galena, having an average east-west strike and dipping steeply north. The enclosing greenstone is but little altered. This vein is too small to be mineable, but is of interest as an exception to the prevailing north-striking veins. The No. 1 or adit vein is a thick quartz vein largely in black phyllite. The country rock is extensively altered around the portal but is relatively fresh in the adit. The vein is bounded by shears and appears to end abruptly where they join and pass into foliation. It contains massive pyrite veins as much as 3 feet thick and lenses of arsenopyrite. A promising pocket of ore was opened in a surface cut above, but ore mineralization in the adit is negligible. Other Veins.—The Sandy is a large quartz vein which is sliced by at least four faults striking 18 to 22 degrees west of north, or about 3 degrees left of the vein trend. The quartz grows irregular and narrows to 3 feet at the face of the adit. Ore minerals occur as minor pockets along the three easterly faults and as random veinlets in the irregular quartz. A lens of ore minerals follows the fourth fault for a short distance and sends an offshoot into altered greenstone for 40 feet slightly west of south. This offshoot is 2 to 5 feet wide for the first 25 feet and has a nearly vertical dip. Veinlets of ore minerals extend westerly as much as 15 feet. The Barclay vein consists of galena sparingly disseminated in quartz at the east end of a road cut in altered greenstone. Strike and dip cannot be measured accurately in this small exposure, and consequently the failure of drilling in 1954 and 1956 to find mineralization is not necessarily conclusive. Conclusions.—1. Ore is essentially restricted to north-striking faults in greenstone and in phyllite upfolded into greenstone. 2. Veins and faults are short and some are blind. 3. Siderite replacing wallrock is a rather limited drilling target. It is possible to miss the end of ore by 20 feet and core only fresh country rock. 4. The veins tend to occur in north-striking zones of unknown extent. The southerly extensions of the Spider, Eclipse, and Sandy zones in greenstone are therefore of interest. It is worth noting that two pyrite-quartz veins are reported above the Spider workings at about 4,250 feet elevation, one followed by an old adit. [References: Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 161, pp. 85-89. British Columbia Bureau of Mines, Bull. 2, 1914, pp. 17-19. Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1926, p. 270; 1929, p. 340; 1938, pp. E 22-25; 1952, p. 182.] (50° 117° N.W.) Company office, 404 Pemberton Building, 744 Beatrice (Beatrice West Hastings Street, Vancouver. W. J. Scorgie, president and Mining Co. Ltd.) managing director. Capital: 50,000 shares, $1 par value. This company owns a group of claims at the head of the east fork of Mohawk Creek. The main workings are on the Beatrice claim and are accessible by 4 miles of road and trail from the Spider mine road. Work in 1956 was restricted to 106 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 building a road to the mine but was stopped by winter conditions before the road was completed. SOUTH LARDEAU* Silver-Lead-Zinc (50° 116° S.W.) This group of claims lies northwest of Glacier J.G. Creek and extends across a mountain ridge to the east arm of Duncan Lake. The ground was at one time known as the Amato- Ruby and Glacier groups. The Bunker Hill Company, of Kellogg, Idaho, held an option from J. Gallo and associates, of Howser. A band of limestone has been explored by trenching and diamond drilling over several thousand feet of strike length, and there is an adit on the Glacier Creek side. Bulldozer stripping and diamond drilling were done in 1956, but the option was dropped in the latter part of the year. (50° 116° S.W.) Company office, 313, 717 West Pender Street, Moonshine, Right Vancouver. C. G. Willett, president; O. Moen, superintendent. Bower (Willett Capital: 1,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company Mines Ltd.) optioned the Moonshine (or Moonstone) and Right Bower Crown- granted claims and sixteen recorded claims from J. Robinson, of Kamloops. A short access road leads to the workings from a point on the Kaslo-Lardeau Highway about 1 mile south of Lardeau. Work was last done in 1952. A narrow fissure vein in limestone has been developed by two short connected adits and an old shallow inclined shaft. The upper adit has been stoped to surface. In November work started in driving the upper adit, and the two levels were connected by another raise. On surface an open-cut was made about 500 feet on strike east of the workings, on the same or a similar vein. About 35 tons of sorted ore was stockpiled from surface and underground work. Five men were employed. CRESTONf Copper (49° 116° S.W.) This property, comprising ten claims, is owned Bob by C. O. Ogilvie, of Wynndel. In 1956 work was directed to reopening and extending an old adit at an elevation of 2,400 feet, one-quarter mile east by road from the Duck Creek road, one-half mile north of its junction with the Creston-Kootenay Bay highway at Wynndel. The occurrence is a quartz-calcite vein with chalcopyrite and lesser amounts of galena and copper carbonates in Creston argillaceous quartzites. Where exposed underground the vein strikes approximately northeast, dips 45 degrees southeast, and has a width ranging from 1 to 4 feet. A. Bysouth, of Sirdar, and F. J. Brady, of Creston, retimbered the portal and removed the caved material in the first 50 feet of the 225-foot crosscut to the vein. The north drift was driven to a total length of 50 feet, and a 35-foot raise was driven on the vein at the crosscut. Approximately 10 tons of ore was stockpiled. It was reported that this property was formerly known as the Elsie Holmes and that the old workings included another longer crosscut, the portal of which was approximately 800 feet southwest of the reopened adit. Lead-Silver-Copper This group of four claims on Glaser Creek, 2 miles north of Cres- King ton, is owned by J. B. Vaughn and L. J. Lansing, of Creston. A new highway link, when constructed, will cover a 30-foot winze at the south end of the vein outcrop. * By J. W. Peck. t By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 107 Silver-Lead (49° 116° S.E.) H. Demchuk, of Camp Lister, holding six Aurea located mineral claims, completed 40 feet of drift on a galena- bearing quartz vein on the west side of a small rock ridge, 1 mile north of the International Boundary and 2 miles southwest of Camp Lister. The vein ranges in width from 6 inches to 2 feet. Copper Creston Hill (Bon Ton Syndicate) (49° 116° S.E.) This property is 1 mile south of the Creston- Cranbrook Highway, 2 miles west of Kitchener. The crosscut commenced in 1955 by Reward Uranium Ltd., of Edmonton, Alta., was extended to a total length of 203 feet. Sixteen feet of drifting was done on a quartz-calcite vein at a point 125 feet from the portal, and slashing was done for diamond-drill stations. A crew of three men was employed. (49° 116° S.E.) O. Arrowsmith, of Erickson, completed 50 feet May-Bee of drift on a chalcopyrite-bearing quartz vein on the May-Bee group of three claims, 2 miles west of Kitchener. The mineral occurrence is on the south end of Iron Range Mountain immediately adjacent to the large fault that follows the crest of that mountain. Lead (49° 116° S.E.) This property of two located claims is at the M.B. north end of Iron Range Mountain, 8 miles northwest of Kitchener. The owners are E. J. Mattson, of Creston, and E. Brennan, of Erickson. The claims are at the head of a small creek basin on the south side of Hall Creek, a tributary of Goat River. Access to the property is either by the Kitchener trail, which follows the summit of Iron Range Mountain, or by way of 9 miles of logging- roads from Kitchener up the Goat River and 3 miles across a burned area through which there is no trail. The mineral occurrence is a strong quartz-calcite vein containing minor amounts of galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. The vein has an average width of 4.5 feet and has been exposed at intervals over a distance of approximately 1,000 feet across the nose of the ridge, at an elevation of 5,000 feet, west to the creek basin, at an elevation of 4,500 feet. The strike is north 45 degrees west and the dip 85 degrees southwest. The southeast exposure is approximately 500 feet west of the Iron Range Mountain fault. The vein is in grey quartzite of the Aldridge formation, and in one instance cuts across a Purcell diorite sill. The vein is reported to have been discovered prior to 1900, and since then has had considerable work done on it. This work included the sinking of a 16-foot-deep shaft near the southeast end, one small drift, the opening of a cave to drift size for a short distance, and a total of 100 feet of stripping. Recent work was confined to cleaning out the old workings. At no point was sufficient mineralization seen to appear to warrant further development. Two samples were taken—the first across a width of 4.5 feet on the southeast side of the shaft, 11 feet below the collar, and the second, 19 feet northwest of the shaft, across a mineralized width of 2.8 feet at a point where the vein is 6 feet wide. The samples assayed as follows:— Sample Width Gold Silver Copper Lead No.l No. 2 Ft. 4.5 2.8 Oz. per Ton Trace Trace Oz. per Ton Nil 0.2 Per Cent Trace 0.25 Per Cent Trace 0.65 108 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Lead-Tungsten Campsall CRANBROOK* (49° 115° N.W.) Alfred R. Campsall, of Cranbrook, and partners, one-quarter mile east of Joseph Creek, 2Vz miles north of Cranbrook, employed a bulldozer to excavate a trench 150 feet long and 12 feet wide, to a maximum depth of 27 feet. A total of 1,200 cubic yards of clay was removed in investigating a narrow quartz vein containing minor amounts of galena and tungsten. The results obtained were inconclusive, and the cut was refilled to avoid leaving a dangerous opening. Copper (49° 115° N.W.) D. Sherling, S. Thompson, and Alfred Camp- King sail, all of Cranbrook, own nineteen located claims, 1 Vz miles north of Eager station on the Canadian Pacific Railway and 5Vz miles north of Cranbrook. Surface stripping along a length of 600 feet and across a width of 200 feet has exposed part of a northerly trending Purcell diorite sill within argillite of the Kitchener formation. Chalcopyrite occurs as low-grade disseminations within the diorite and in local concentrations adjacent to and within northwesterly striking diagonal cross-fractures in the sill. In addition to the surface stripping, 110 feet of diamond drilling was completed in two holes. ST. MARY RIVER* Copper Mystery (Green Bay Mining & Exploration Ltd.) (49° 116° N.E.) Company office, B 100 Royal Trust Building, Edmonton, Alta. This property is at an elevation of 5,000 feet on Alki (John) Creek, a tributary of St. Mary River. Access is by way of 3 miles of trail leaving the main road at the west end of St. Mary Lake. The mineral occurrence is in Purcell diorite and is a quartz-calcite vein carrying chalcopyrite, pyrite, and small amounts of galena and sphalerite. The holdings include one Crown-granted and seven recorded mineral claims. In the early summer geophysical surveying was done on some of the property. Following this, 3,000 feet of exploratory diamond drilling was done. Six men were employed. [Reference: Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 228, 1941, p. 58.] Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 116° N.E.) Company office, 640 Peyton Building, Spokane, Wash.; mine office, Marysville. David E. Watson, president and manager. Mining operations by this company at the Warhorse mine on Hellroaring Creek were terminated at the end of July. The 4500 level adit was extended 290 feet to a total length of 4,084 feet, and 604 feet of diamond drilling was completed in eight holes. When operations were suspended, all equipment was removed from the surface and underground. Five men were employed. KIMBERLEY* Silver-Lead-Zinc (49° 115° N.W.) Company office, 215 St. James Street West, Montreal; mine and smelter office, Trail. R. E. Stavert, Montreal, president; R. D. Perry, Trail, vice-president and general manager; W. G. Jewitt, Trail, vice-president in charge of mines. Sullivan mine office, Kimberley. B. E. Hurdle, general superintendent; A. G. Robertson, superintendent of concentration; J. E. Giegerich, mine superintendent; H. W. Poole, Chapman Camp, superinten- Boy Scout (Thomas Consolidated Mines Incorporated) Sullivan (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada Limited) * By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 109 dent of concentrator. Capital: 21,000,000 shares, no par value. This company owns and operates the Sullivan mine on Mark Creek, near Kimberley, and the Sullivan concentrator at Chapman Camp. The holdings include 678 Crown-granted mineral claims and fractions in a block in the Kimberley area, covering and surrounding the mine workings, from which over 71,500,000 tons of ore has been removed since December, 1909, at which time the company commenced operations on this property. The following report, prepared by the management, is a synopsis of the 1956 operations:— "The Sullivan mine produced and the concentrator treated 2,769,177 tons of ore during 1956. Approximately 20 per cent of this came from the open pit. The section of the mine above the 3900 level furnished 56 per cent of the production, mainly from the recovery of pillars. The remainder of the ore was produced by primary stoping in the area below the 3900 level. "Long-hole drilling methods, using diamond and percussion drills with sectional steel, accounted for 92 per cent of the underground production. The remainder of the underground tonnage came from open stopes using bench mining methods. Six winzes, used in float filling stopes below the 3900 level, were sunk by diamond-drill methods. The longest winze was 81 feet in length. "Development footage in 1956 was above that for 1955, mainly because of additional ventilation development. This development was part of a plan for the removal of contaminated air, by a separate circuit, from float-filled stopes. "Primary ventilation of the mine required seven Jeffrey fans totalling 950 horsepower, two Joy fans totalling 250 horsepower, and one Sheldon fan at 100 horsepower. In 1956 a 75-horsepower Sirocco fan was installed on No. 9 shaft for exhaust duty. The total volume of air exhausted from the mine was 908,000 cubic feet per minute. " No gravel fill was placed in stopes above the 3900 level during 1956. "One hundred and ninety-six thousand cubic yards of waste from the sink-float plant were placed in stopes below the 3900 level, of which 64 per cent was scraped. Induced caving of waste rock from the hangingwall accounted for 267,000 cubic yards of backfilling above the 3900 level. "The mine and concentrator maintained an active safety programme during the year. Although the mine had two fatal accidents, the frequency and severity rates were comparable to the previous year. The mine had thirty-six lost-time accidents, with a frequency rate of 0.16 and a severity rate of 10.9 per 1,000 shifts worked. The concentrator established the best safety record in its history, with a total of only four lost-time accidents, giving a frequency rate of 0.04 and a severity rate of 1.1 per 1,000 shifts worked. " Sixty-nine mine employees attended the underground school of mining instruction during the year, making a total of 1,932 employees who have been instructed to date. Twelve mine employees received mine-rescue certificates during the year. Four mine- rescue teams competed in the mine competition, and the two winning teams entered the East Kootenay Mine Safety Association Competition. A Sullivan mine team won that competition and was successful in winning the Provincial Mine Rescue Competition which was held in Nelson. A total of 246 St. John first-aid certificates were awarded to 98 adults and 148 juniors, who were instructed by Safety Department personnel. " The number of men employed at the mine and concentrator at the year-end was 1,406, of which 679 were employed underground." FORT STEELE* Lead (49° 115° N.W.) T. Tuma and two partners, all of Vancouver, Kootenay-Selkirk hold four claims by record covering the mineral exposures formerly held by Kootenay Selkirk Mines Limited. The mineral occurrence * By J. E. Merrett. 110 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 is at an elevation of 7,000 feet on the north side of the basin at the headwaters of Herbert Creek, the extension of Lakit Creek, a tributary to Kootenay River. Access to the property from the Fort Steele-Wasa road is by way of AVz miles of logging-roads to the lower end of Herbert Creek and by 3 miles of pack-trail up this creek. The owners cleaned the upper tunnel, 120 feet in length, and exposed a barren quartz-calcite vein striking north 38 degrees west and dipping 61 degrees southwest. Considerable surface stripping above the portal exposed several small quartz veins in parallel and en echelon over a length of 700 feet and across a width of 50 feet. Narrow quartz cross-stringers appeared to link the main veins. At the junctures of these two sets of veins, concentrations of galena and pyrite occur. The extent and frequency of the concentrations do not appear to be sufficient to warrant mining at present. [Reference: Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 207, 1937, p. 53.] WINDERMERE* Toby Creek (50° 116° S.E.) Silver-Lead-Zinc Company office, 6, 490 Baker Street, Nelson; mine office, Toby Mineral King Creek. H. E. Doelle, managing director; J. B. Magee, resident (Sheep Creek manager. In January the company's official name was changed Mines Limited) from Sheep Creek Gold Mines Limited to Sheep Creek Mines Limited. The property is on the Toby Creek slope of the ridge between Jumbo and Toby Creeks, 27 miles west of Athalmer. The deposit is a lead-zinc replacement, with barite, in limestone of the Mount Nelson formation. Development work included 1,521 feet of drifts and crosscuts, 1,762 feet of raises, and a total of 4,572 feet of diamond drilling completed in forty-eight holes. No. 7 or 4,750-foot level adit was extended from 2,008 to 2,781 feet. Parallel manway and ore-pass raises, with slopes of 57 degrees toward the north, were begun near the inner end of No. 7 level. These two raises were directed to intersect the No. 3 or 5,450-foot level horizon 300 feet north of the present working area. The manway raise was extended to a slope length of 465 feet and the ore-pass raise to a slope length of 435 feet. Interconnecting raises were driven at intermediate level horizons. Both raises entered the Mount Nelson limestone 240 feet above No. 7 level. It was reported that at 340 feet above No. 7 level a 12-foot ore intersection assayed 14 per cent lead, 9.1 per cent zinc, and 11.8 ounces of silver per ton. Open-stope mining methods were used, and 146,566 tons of ore was mined and milled. New surface construction included the foundation for a new ore-bin, additions to the crusher building, office, and bunk-house, a powder magazine, a storage shed, two dwellings, and a post-office building. New equipment installations included a 3-foot gyratory crusher in the crusher-house and a 375-horsepower diesel-electric generator in the power-house. The generating capacity of the power plant was thereby increased to 1,500 horsepower. The average number of men employed was ninety-five, of which fifty were employed underground. Lead-Zinc (50° 116° S.E.) Noel Routson and partner continued exploratory Red Ledge drifting on this property on Stark Creek, a tributary of Toby Creek. The property is at an elevation of 5,500 feet and is 3 miles by trail south of the Mineral King mine. It was reported that approximately 100 feet of drift * By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 111 has been driven by hand-mining in an oxidized zone in limestone of the Dutch Creek formation. Minor scattered occurrences of galena and sphalerite were encountered. Silver-Copper Ptarmigan Horsethief Creek (50° 116° N.E.) This property is at an elevation of 8,600 feet, at the headwaters of Red Line Creek, a tributary of McDonald Creek, which in turn is a tributary of Horsethief Creek. H. K. F. Seel, of Edgewater, employing a crew of two men, reconstructed to truck standards the upper 6 miles of road between the lower crossing of McDonald Creek and the lower terminal of the old aerial tram to the mine. Additional work was done on the 1 Vz miles of jeep-road between the lower terminal and the mine. No work was done underground, although the portal of the No. 3 or lowest drift was retimbered and a snowshed was constructed between it and the dump. A 30- by 32-foot machine-shop and compressor-house was constructed near by, and an Ingersoll-Rand 310 diesel-driven air compressor was installed. The old bunk-house was completely rebuilt and furnished. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1955, p. 71.] Copper Swansea Mountain (50° 115° N.W.) Cu (Mid-West Copper & Uranium Mines Ltd.) Company office, 614 West Pender Street, Vancouver. A. G. Pent- land, consulting geologist. This company holds one Crown-granted and twenty-eight recorded claims on Swansea Mountain, 3Vz miles east of Athalmer. The mineral showing is at an elevation of 5,100 feet on the eastern shoulder of the mountain. To provide access to the property, the 2-mile trail to the forestry lookout on the mountain was reconstructed to four-wheel-drive vehicle standards. Mineralization occurs within the Upper Jubilee dolomite in a brecciated zone that lies just east of a northerly striking fault. Copper minerals, chiefly malachite and azurite with some bornite and chalcopyrite, occur along narrow discontinuous stringers within the calcite and hematite cement of the breccia. Some diamond drilling was done in 1947 on this property by Sheep Creek Gold Mines Limited. Between May and September a crew of four men completed 40 feet of raising and 600 feet of drifting and crosscutting. [Reference: B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 35, 1954, p. 65.] SPILLIMACHEEN* Silver-Lead-Zinc Silver Giant (Giant Mascot Mines Limited) (50° 116° N.E.) Company office, 908 Royal Bank Building, Vancouver; mine office, Spillimacheen. R. B. Buckerfield, president. A management contract is held by H. L. Hill and associates, consulting mining engineers, Vancouver. J. M. McDearmid, general superintendent; J. C. Ehlers, mine superintendent; J. A. Vallance, mill superintendent; D. C. Beddie, surface superintendent. The property is on the west slope of Jubilee Mountain, on the northeast side of Spillimacheen River, 8 miles by road from Spillimacheen station on the Kootenay Central Railway. Development work included 200 feet of shaft-sinking, 3,061 feet of drifting and crosscutting, 2,238 feet of stope-raising, and 15,700 feet of diamond drilling. The three-compartment No. 1 shaft was extended a slope distance of 200 feet to open up No. 10 level and to provide a sump below it. In addition to excavating No. 10 * By J. E. Merrett. 112 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 level station and loading-pockets, two crosscuts were driven radially to the ore zones and slusher drifts were driven along the zones. Most of the drifting and crosscutting was done on the No. 6 adit level. This work was done in the investigation of scattered ore occurrences east of the shaft. Surface diamond drilling on the Rothschild Crown-granted claim, which was acquired during the year, indicated an ore zone 200 feet long and 22 feet wide, with an average grade of 2.61 per cent lead. An exploration programme was commenced to investigate this occurrence at depth. Surface stripping along the limestone-slate contact above the adits on the Hidden Treasure claim indicated an ore occurrence. Two cuts, 60 feet apart, exposed a 15-foot width of an average grade of 3.5 per cent lead. This claim lies east of and above the Giant and Rothschild claims. Approximately 80 per cent of the mine production was obtained from the footwall ore zone below No. 8 level. The remainder was obtained throughout the rest of the mine, including the open pit. The pillars were mined by long-hole stoping methods, and the stopes were mined by shrinkage and open stoping methods. The concentrator treated 185,441 tons of ore, an average of 508 tons per calendar day. Concentration was by selective flotation, and the recoveries were reported to average 93.4 per cent of the lead and 84 per cent of the zinc. During the summer the tailings pond adjacent to the Spillimacheen River was enlarged and encompassed with distributing launders. The average number of persons employed was 122, of which seventy-four were employed underground. Lead-Zinc (50° 116° N.E.) This property, comprising twelve claims, is Lead Mountain 6 miles by road northeast of the Silver Giant mine in the Spilli- (Giant Mascot macheen Valley. An agreement was made with The Consolidated Mines Limited) Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, to jointly explore the property. The northwest and southeast drifts in the 3930 adit were extended a distance of 200 feet each to total lengths of 250 feet. A total of 2,000 feet of diamond drilling was done from these drift extensions. A crew of three men was employed. VOWELL CREEK* Silver-Lead-Zinc (50° 116° N.W.) Company office, Suite 1001, 335 Bay Street, Ruth-Vermont Toronto. President, D. R. Derry; property manager, S. M. Man- (Rio Canadian ning. This property consists of thirteen claims and fractions held Exploration Ltd.) under option and fifteen located claims. The claims are on Vermont Creek about 3 miles west of the confluence of that stream with Vowell Creek, which is tributary to the Spillimacheen River by way of Bobby Burns Creek. The mineral occurrences are at an elevation of about 6,000 feet. Access to the property is by way of 30 miles of winding road west from Parson on the Kootenay Central Railway. Mineralization is of silver, lead, and zinc in narrow quartz veins and stringers with some replacement of limestone beds near the veins. A small crew was employed between July 15th and November 1st. During this period approximately 10 miles of old logging-road was repaired and in places relocated to four-wheel-drive vehicle standards to give truck access to the workings. At the property, mapping and prospecting were done on the surface and 1,240 feet of old underground workings were surveyed and mapped; 515 feet of drifts were sampled. From the underground workings 1,780 feet of diamond drilling was done. [Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1936, E 37.] * By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 113 Outcrop of King Fissure ore zone, lordan River. Looking down Columbia River towards Revelstoke. Jordan River heads in the high mountains left of the photo centre. 114 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 REVELSTOKE* Silver-Lead-Zinc King Fissure (American Standard Mines Limited) (51° 118° S.E.) Company office, 711, 525 Seymour Street, Vancouver. C. Riley, consultant; D. Sloan, manager. This company, together with New York Alaska Gold Dredging Limited, owns a large group of claims north of Mount Copeland at the head of an unnamed northeasterly flowing tributary of Copeland Creek, an easterly flowing tributary of Jordan River. The property is 15 miles by road and trail from a point on the Trans-Canada Highway 2 miles west of Revelstoke. There is some evidence that the extremities of the showing were discovered about fifty years ago, but it was not until 1950 that an attempt was made to develop the property. At that time, interests from the United States started road construction but abandoned the project after two years. In 1955 the ground was staked by S. and A. Brewer, who granted an option late in that year to the present owners. No. 1 zone is a vein-like lead-zinc replacement deposit 1 Vz to 8 feet wide, and is exposed at intervals over a horizontal length of at least 6,000 feet. The outcrops range in elevation between 6,100 and 7,800 feet. The strike is north 60 degrees west. The dip is steep to the southwest, except at the northwest end of the showings where the lode reverses in dip and flattens. There is a plunge to the east of 15 degrees. This end of the zone may mark the bottom of a trough, of which the vein-like No. 2 zone, exposed several hundred feet to the north, would be the upturned northeast limb. Such a relationship is perhaps substantiated by the fact that there is a band of marble in the hangingwall of No. 1 zone and a similar band in the footwall of No. 2 zone. No. 1 zone, on which most of the work has been done, appears to represent the complete replacement of a limestone band within quartz-mica schist. Barite, pyrite, sphalerite, and fine-grained galena are the noticeable minerals. No. 1 zone is covered with talus or ice for more than half its strike length. Five samples were taken, as follows:— Location of Sample Width of Samples Silver Lead Zinc No. 1 zone, east end- No. 1 zone, east end- No. 1 zone, west end- No. 1 zone, west end . No. 2 zone, east end._ 16 in. 36 in. 6 ft. 5%v_v^v_V>_ MMM-M;3CM o.2 o a y= O i_ Q. O E.S u~l o "3S Hi ^ .a <>l a) . 3 is •o 3 60 LODE METALS 131 Production in the immediate future will come largely from the Yellow Kid, Paxton, and Prescott pits. Because all three deposits contain significant amounts of sulphides, the milling procedure has been radically changed. The old mill serves mainly as a crushing plant, although it also rejects coarse waste. A new mill completed in September, 1956, contains two 8- by 8-foot Marcy ball mills, each capable of grinding 65 tons per hour, and flotation cells that produce a copper concentrate. Wet, rather than dry, magnetic separation is employed. Water for the new mill is piped from Paxton Lake, but during dry periods it may be necessary to supplement this supply with sea-water. The B.C. Electric transmission-line across Texada Island into the camp-site at Gillies Bay has been completed, and conversion from diesel to electric power has been made. Iron River (Utah Co. of the Americas) Vancouver Island (49° 125° N.E.) The Iron River deposits are in the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway Belt Land Grant. They are in Lot 242, 11 miles southwest of Campbell River. The property is accessible by road. The property has been leased by The Argonaut Co. Ltd. and is now leased by that company's parent organization, Utah Co. of the Americas, from the owner, Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited. The lessees made a magnetometer survey of the property, diamond drilled the most promising areas, and have mined a httle ore from the West deposit for mill test purposes. Figure 14 shows the deposits and the location of the diamond-drill holes. The West deposit has been known for years and is described in " The Iron Ores of Canada, Volume 1, British Columbia and Yukon," pages 71 to 73. The presence of the East deposit was indicated by the magnetometer survey and confirmed by diamond drilling. Outcrops of greenstone, garnetite, and limestone occur in the area of Figure 14, and granodiorite outcrops to the east. To the west and southwest of the deposits, all these rocks are overlain by Upper Cretaceous sandstones and conglomerates which are younger than the deposits. The West deposit outcrops on a knoll surrounded by glacial drift, and there is little surface indication of the East deposit. Because of the lack of outcrop and the fact that the drill core was not available at the time of examination (August, 1956), it is not possible to discuss the geological setting of the deposits, other than to observe that the magnetite is intimately associated with the garnetite. The magnetite in the West deposit is generally fine grained, but some coarse crystalline material is also present. Hematite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite occur in minor amounts. In addition to garnet, small patches of calcite were noted in various specimens of ore. From information generously supplied by both owners and lessees, it appears that the West deposit is a particularly irregular one, any section of which is crudely lenticular. It plunges northeastward at approximately 30 degrees but does not extend as far in this direction as Holes 11 and 12. It persists to a maximum depth of 175 feet below the surface. The East deposit appears to trend northeastward and dip northwestward at approximately 45 degrees. More drilling is required, particularly on the East deposit, before the ultimate tonnage available in both deposits can be stated, but to date about 800,000 tons grading 36 per cent iron, 0.9 per cent sulphur, and 0.35 per cent copper can be classified as probable ore. Of this amount, roughly three-quarters is contained in the West deposit. (49° 126° N.W.) The company owns the Glengarry, Stormont, and Texas Crown-granted mineral claims, and holds by record the Dundas group of four claims and the Russell group of eight claims. The company also owns Lot 62 (35 acres) covering a wharf-site at Head Bay, which is the northern extremity of Tlupana Arm, Nootka Sound. The claims extend northwestward along a low ridge to the west of the Sucwoa River, which drains southeastward Glengarry and Stormont (Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited) 132 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 J LODE METALS 133 into Head Bay. The showings are at elevations from 250 to 430 feet above sea-level in heavily wooded country. All are within 2 miles of Head Bay. The majority of the numerous showings are on the Glengarry and Stormont claims (see Fig. 15). The occurrence of iron here has been known for more than fifty years. A report on the occurrences known in 1924 is in " The Iron Ores of Canada, Volume 1, British Columbia and Yukon," pages 231 to 235. The property is underlain by limestone and greenstone and presumably by granitic rock at no great depth. The magnetite is intimately associated with garnet, and the deposits as a whole are considered to be largely replacements of limestone. Most of the magnetite is remarkably free of pyrite or any other sulphide. A considerable amount of surface work has been done on the showings in past years. In 1951 and 1952, 115 short holes, totalling 6,972 feet, were diamond drilled to explore the various showings. According to information supplied by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited (N. R. Whittall, president), the drilling indicated the presence of 360,000 tons of ore averaging 42.7 per cent iron. The ore is in eleven distinct localities (see Fig. 15), as follows:— _ . Grade Locality Tons (Per Cent Iron) A 8,500 52.5 B 9,000 50.0 C 23,500 35.6 D 58,000 37.5 E 5,750 40.3 F 174,000 40.7 G 15,400 50.9 H 33,000 55.4 I 24,800 45.2 J _ - 6,000 50.7 K 2,000 50.8 (50° 126° S.W.) This property consists of a single northwestward- Klaanch trending row of eight Crown-granted mineral claims. The claims are about 5 miles south of Nimpkish Lake. The group marks the site of the first mining activity (in 1897) in the Quatsino-Nimpkish area. The property covers a northwestward-trending contact between limestone on the southwest and greenstone on the northeast. Skarn, magnetite, pyrite, and some chalcopyrite occur in the contact area. From scattered exposures the approximate position of the contact is inferred for a length of 9,000 feet. The Iron Crown and Rhoda are the southeasternmost claims of the group. They are held under option by A. H. Upton, of Vancouver. A magnetometer survey of the Iron Crown claim was made by E. Lindeman in 1907, and from the results of the survey he concluded that there were three magnetite deposits or groups of deposits on this claim. Following a similar survey of the claims, approximately 11,000 feet of diamond drilling was done during 1954 and 1955. The following notes on the Iron Crown and Rhoda are from reports of J. M. Black, consulting geologist, that were made available by Mr. Upton. Because outcrops other than magnetite are scarce, knowledge of the environment of the deposits has been gained largely from the drill cores. Apparently the setting is typically contact metamorphic, with diorite intruding greenstone and limestone. Skarn, consisting of garnet and epidote, is developed in the greenstone. The magnetite deposits appear to be replacements of greenstone and, possibly, to a lesser extent of limestone. Waste within the deposits consists of unreplaced greenstone, skarn, limestone, calcite, quartz vein material, and pyrite. Minute amounts of chalcopyrite, hematite, and pyrrho- tite are also present. 134 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 LODE METALS 135 Four orebodies, referred to as the River, Road, South, and East, have been drilled. The River and South bodies are partly exposed, but the Road and East bodies are completely covered by overburden. An estimated 1,800,000 tons of ore, averaging 46.2 per cent iron and 1.33 per cent sulphur, is considered as proved. The bodies are favourably situated for open-pit mining. [Reference: Canada Department of Mines, Iron Ore Occurrences in Canada, Vol. 2, 1917, pp. 14-15, and Map 442; Geol. Surv. Canada, Summ. Rept., Pt. A, 1930, p. 131.] Taconite Deposits* Ladysmith (48° 123° N.W.) Several deposits of taconite are known near Lady A Ladysmith, and those at the locality known as the Lady A have been diamond drilled. This locality is 8 miles southwest of Ladysmith and is accessible by 12.4 miles of logging-road. The taconite at the Lady A locality is 1 Vz miles due west of the top of Coronation Mountain on either side of Chipman Creek, a southward-flowing tributary of Chemainus River. The showings are at an elevation of about 2,000 feet above sea-level, near the bottom of the logged-off valley of Chipman Creek. The deposit on the west side of Chipman Creek is called the A deposit and that on the east side of the creek, about one- quarter of a mile southeast of the A deposit, is called the C deposit. In 1953 the Lady A deposits and others of similar type were brought to the attention of Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited by M. E. Broan, former manager at Iron Hill. As a result, Ladysmith Development Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, was formed to explore the Lady A deposits, and did so by diamond drilling during the summer of 1953. Mr. Broan was in charge of this work. The Lady A deposits are lenses of taconite in cherty sediments of the Sicker group (see B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 37, pp. 13-15). Locally the sediments strike northwestward and dip northeastward at about 50 to 60 degrees. The deposits consist of bands of exceedingly fine-grained magnetite and minor amounts of specularite and hematite in grey chert and red jasper. Jasper is more common in the C deposit than in the A. The A deposit is exposed near the bottom of the valley of Chipman Creek in an area of limited outcrop. It strikes northwest, dips about 50 degrees northeast, and outcrops over a strike length of 350 feet and a maximum width of 60 feet. The company reports that twelve holes totalling 1,278 feet were diamond drilled to test the deposit. Most of the holes were vertical and drilled along two rows running parallel to the strike of the taconite. One row of holes was drilled on the hangingwall side of the outcrop, and a second row 100 feet northeast of the first. A few other holes were drilled at random. Although the drilling did not completely delimit the deposit, it showed that it has an average thickness of less than 30 feet, and the company estimated it to contain 360,000 tons with an average grade of 25 per cent iron. The C deposit outcrops at the base of bluffs on the north side of a fan of slide material which fills the bottom of a creek tributary to Chipman Creek. Like the A, the C deposit strikes northwest and dips 60 degrees northeast. The taconite is exposed for a strike length of 175 feet and has an apparent thickness of about 50 feet, but the hangingwall is poorly defined and the footwall is covered with slide material. Two horizontal holes were diamond drilled from the lower side of the outcrop to crosscut the deposit. The first of these holes was drilled beneath the northwest exposure of the taconite, and the entire 117 feet of the hole was in taconite. The second horizontal hole, 125 feet southeast of the first, was 158 feet long and was also entirely in taconite. The true thickness of the northeastward-dipping taconite band is not calculable from these * By W. R. Bacon and J. T. Fyles. 136 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 holes, which were collared above the footwall and apparently did not reach the hanging- wall, but a thickness at the elevation of the holes of as much as 150 feet is indicated. A third hole, 198 feet long, was drilled from the first set-up in a northwesterly direction downwards at 45 degrees, and a fourth hole, 197 feet long, was drilled from the second set-up in a northwesterly direction downwards at 60 degrees. Both these holes, drilled down the dip of the band, were entirely in taconite. In the two horizontal holes the average grades were 16.4 and 9.5 per cent iron. In the two inclined holes the corresponding average grades were 20.2 and 30.5 per cent iron. The relatively high grades obtained in the inclined holes emphasize the banded nature of these deposits. The inclined holes probably followed bands of higher than average grade and, in the opinion of the writers, the horizontal holes give the best indication of the average grade of the deposit. The C deposit is probably larger than the A, but more drilling is required before accurate tonnage and grade estimates can be made. Should these deposits be considered as a source of iron, magnetic separation would appear to be the logical process of concentration. In this process the fineness of the magnetite might pose a recovery problem. Saltspring Island (48° 123° N.W.) This taconite deposit occurs on the west slope of Mount Sulivan E.B.V. on seven claims held by E. B. Valleau, of Duncan. The deposit is at an elevation of about 825 feet above sea-level, 1 mile northwest of Musgrave. The rocks enclosing the taconite are predominantly green schists belonging to sedimentary members of the Sicker group (see B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 37, pp. 13-15). Bedding and schistosity in rocks near the occurrence are essentially parallel; the strike is northwest and the dip 70 to 80 degrees southwest. The deposit consists of lenticular bands of jasper interlayered with schist. The jasper contains bands and lenses of magnetite and smaller amounts of specularite and hematite and is cut by irregular veins and stringers of white quartz. The taconite outcrops at intervals along a sloping hillside and has a strike length of about 500 feet and a maximum width of about 10 feet. Four chip samples taken by the writers from various points along the deposit assayed 5.96, 10.20, 19.59, and 26.45 per cent iron. Pyroxenite Deposits Tulameen (49° 120° S.W.) Claims have recently been located by American interests in the Lodestone Lodestone Mountain-Olivine Mountain area. This area is 15 miles Mountain due west of Princeton and can be reached by 21 miles of road through Coalmont and Blakeburn, thence by 3 miles of trail to Lodestone Lake. The area is between 5,500 feet and 6,200 feet in elevation. It is mainly sparsely wooded, open country. Lodestone Mountain and much of the ground between Lodestone and Olivine Mountains is underlain by pyroxenite.* The principal constituent of the pyroxenite is augite, but over large areas magnetite is prominent. The magnetite occurs as disseminated grains, as segregations, and in irregular veinlets and stringers. In a few places, veins of magnetite several feet wide were observed. Outcrops are plentitful around Lodestone Mountain and on the ridge south of Olivine Mountain. Nine samples from various outcrops indicate a rather uniform iron content. The samples assayed from 16.4 to 20.5 per cent iron, and the average of the nine was 18.5 per cent iron. Average content of titania (Ti02) was 1.5 per cent. * Geol. Surv., Canada, Memoir No. 26. Placer CONTENTS Atlin— page Spruce Creek 137 Wright Creek 13 8 McKee Creek 138 Pine Creek 138 Omineca— Manson Creek 138 Germansen River 139 Cariboo— Hixon Creek 139 Willow River 139 Antler Creek 141 Cottonwood River : 141 Lightning Creek 141 Quesnel River Area 141 Keithley Creek 141 Fraser River— Lillooet Area 142 Watson Bar Creek 142 Bridge River 142 Columbia River— Kirbyville Creek 142 Fort Steele 142 Spillimacheen 142 ATLIN* Spruce Creek (59° 133° N.W.) This underground operation is at the confluence of Dominion Creek Noland Mines with Spruce Creek and is 12 miles by road from Atlin. For Limited several years up to November, 1955, the mine had been worked by five partners, A. V. Mattson, T. R. Mattson, D. S. Mattson, R. F. Smith, and J. D. Ward, under agreement with Noland Mines Limited. In November, 1955, the mine was closed down owing to failure to locate the extension of the paystreak in the Tertiary channel upstream from the intersection of a grey gravel cross-channel. However, about the end of May, 1956, the mine was reopened as a salvage operation by A. V. Mattson, T. R. Mattson, and D. S. Mattson under a new agreement with Noland Mines Limited. Production in 1956 came entirely from the salvaging of old pillars in the area bounded by Nos. 25 and 29 crosscuts, approximately 1,200 feet east of the shaft. • By A. R. C. James. 137 138 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 A summary of mine production follows:— CEx_arat_dS Percent Reclaiming old drives 575 22.5 Pillar salvage 1,937 76.0 General clean-up 38 1.5 Totals 2,550 100.0 A total of 2,550 cubic yards of gravel was extracted and washed. Recovery: 1,533.03 crude ounces of gold, yielding 1,237.95 fine ounces of gold and 197.84 fine ounces of silver. Three partners, Clyde Day, Floyd Wilson, and John Acheson, Enterprise Placers continued to work ground leased from Spruce Creek Placers Limited on Spruce Creek about 1 mile downstream from the Noland mine. Work in 1956 was mainly confined to removing overburden and excavating a drainage ditch in preparation for mining two recently acquired leases upstream. These include the ground under the old Spruce Creek Hotel, now demolished. Approximately 100,000 cubic yards of material was moved and 66 fine ounces of gold was recovered. A Bucyrus-Erie stripping shovel and a Northwest Model 8 dragline were used for this operation. Work commenced in May and finished early in November. Wright Creek (59° 133° N.E.) C. T. Dorflinger, manager. This company holds leases on Wright, Atlin Placers Otter, Quartz, Union, and Casino Creeks. Work in 1956 has been Limited confined to Wright Creek, a north-flowing tributary of Surprise Lake. The property is 16 miles by road from Atlin and is at an elevation of 4,000 feet. In 1954 test-holes drilled 30 to 40 feet apart across the valley were reported to have found bedrock at 135 feet in the centre of the valley and to have found encouraging values near bedrock. At the end of 1954 an unsuccessful attempt was made to sink a shaft, which was abandoned at a depth of 36 feet; the ground around it was bulldozed out and a drain 800 feet long was built to carry away excess water. A new vertical two-compartment shaft was collared in 1955 about 100 feet north of the line of test-holes. In 1956 this shaft was completed down to bedrock at 136 feet, and a total of 180 feet of development heading was done in a northwesterly direction from the shaft bottom. It is understood that only about 10 ounces of gold was recovered. A crew of three men was employed. McKee Creek (59° 133° S.W.) Three partners, Joe and Luigi Piccolo and George Watt, hydraulicked about 80,000 cubic yards of gravel on McKee Creek. Gold recovery was 149 fine ounces. Work commenced in early May and ended in mid-October. Pine Creek (59° 133° N.E.) Fred Giesen worked alone on Pine Creek at Discovery. The operation comprises partly open-pit mining and partly drifting. One hundred and fifty-eight cubic yards of gravel was sluiced. Gold recovery was 6 fine ounces. Art Hyndman used a wheelbarrow drove and a OMINECA* Manson Creek (55° 124° N.W.) a short tunnel on his placer property chute to remove the gravels, which were on Manson Creek. He : washed in a sluice-box. * By J. W. Patterson. PLACER 139 Nat Porter worked alone on his placer property on Kildare Creek at its junction with Manson Creek. Germansen River (55° 124° N.W.) In the pit on the late G. H. Loper's hydraulic property on the north side of Plughat Creek about 1 mile from Germansen Landing, A. Pendle and two men lowered 145 feet of sluice-boxes about 8 feet in bedrock. In addition, a 24-foot spillway and 185 feet of pipe trestle 16 feet high were constructed. CARIBOO* Hixon Creek (53° 122° S.W.) Company office, 2032 Third Avenue, Seattle, Wash.; mine office, Hixon Placers Hixon P.O. H. W. Hargood, president; C. J. Norris, superinten- Inc. dent. The property, consisting of twenty-one placer leases, is 3 miles by road from Hixon on the Cariboo Highway. A 12-foot diversion dam was built on Hixon Creek about 6,000 feet above the present placer workings to provide water for hydraulicking at a 200-foot head. More than three-quarters of the pipe-line was laid, 25,000 cubic yards of gravel was hydraulicked, and construction was started on a bunk-house, a cook-house, an office, and a 2,000-gallon water-tank. Six men were employed. Willow River (53° 121° S.W.) Mink Gulch.—N. Broswick hydraulicked 2,000 cubic yards of gravel in Mink Gulch, a tributary of Williams Creek. Provincial Exploration (1952) Ltd.—Head office, 800 Hall Building, 789 West Pender Street, Vancouver; mine office, Barkerville. M. R. Benischke, president and manager. M. R. Benischke and two employees surveyed the company's leases at Barkerville, built some road, and dug four open-cuts. L & L Dredging.—In 1956 the Lowhee leases on Conklin Gulch and Williams Creek were under option to L. A. Prosser. He employed a crew of twenty-nine men supervised by dredge-master K. R. Kumle. A dragline dredge, previously operated by Kumhila Exploration Co. Ltd., was put into operation on Conklin Gulch about 1 mile southeast of Barkerville. The work in Conklin Gulch terminated early in the season. On Devlin Bench on Williams Creek, one-half mile north of Barkerville, a diesel-electric Bucyrus-Monighan walking dragline with a AVz -cubic-yard bucket was used to strip overburden. In the pit a Lima dragline with a 3Yz -cubic-yard bucket was used to dig gravel which was washed in a floating steel-pontoon washing plant. A Bucyrus 27T drill and a Hillman Prospector drill were used to test additional ground along Williams Creek. Placer Creek.—H. C. Christensen hydraulicked 400 cubic yards of gravel on Placer Creek at the south end of Jack of Clubs Lake. Lowhee Creek.—R. E. MacDougall, in partnership with F. Jamieson and O. K. Nason, hydraulicked about 20,000 cubic yards of gravel on Lowhee Creek. A bulldozer was used to stack the tailings. Four men were employed. The Golden Ketch Placers Ltd.—C. F. Gierhartz and five employees hydraulicked 3,000 cubic yards of gravel on ground near the junction of Burns Creek with Slough Creek. This ground formerly was worked by R. E. MacDougall, of Wells. Dramont Mines, Inc.—Company office, 10335 Forty-eighth Avenue N.E., Seattle, Wash.; mine office, Wells. J. E. Ritchie, president. A. C. Johnson and two employees operated a No. 4 monitor in the Dragon Creek pit. * By J. W. Patterson. 140 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 O a o c o c ;■•;■; is '•'*''tiJ" IB a & PLACER 141 Beaver Pass Gold Placers.—R. Macaulay and a partner hydraulicked 4,000 cubic yards of gravel on Kee Khan Creek, a tributary of Tregillus Creek. Rucheon Creek.—J. H. Feyer hydraulicked 5,000 cubic yards of gravel on Rucheon Creek on a lease owned by the late T. Fry. Hyde Creek.—C. L. MacColm hydraulicked on the Hyde Creek bench lease owned by O. R. Hougen, of Vancouver. Nine Mile Creek.—C. W. Piener sluiced 200 cubic yards of gravel on Nine Mile Creek. Two Bit Creek.—T. M. Dunlop and H. E. Reid did some test work on their leases on Two Bit Creek. Antler Creek (53° 121° S.E.) Antler Creek.—A. Bindschedlar and four employees did some drifting and sluicing on Antler Creek about 3 miles from its mouth. Antler Mountain Gold Ltd.—A. W. Ludditt and three employees hydraulicked 1,500 cubic yards of overburden on Grouse and Quartz Creeks. Some open-cutting was done also. Cunningham Creek.—D. Jorgenson sluiced 300 cubic yards of gravel on Cunningham Creek. Beggs Gulch.—H. C. Wade worked alone on his property in Beggs Gulch. Cottonwood River (53° 122° S.E.) Mostique Creek.—Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Macdonald hydraulicked 7,000 cubic yards of overburden at the old Slade Placer pit at the junction of Mostique (Mosquito) Creek with Lightning Creek. Lightning Creek (53° 121° S.W.) Channel Placers, Inc.—Between May 21st and July 12th the Amador pit was worked by six men supervised by D. H. Wells; between July 15th and September 24th it was worked alone by E. Kellogg, who had an option agreement with Channel Placers, Inc. During these two periods 70,000 cubic yards of gravel was removed from the pit and 6,250 square feet of bedrock was cleaned. Houseman Creek.—Mr. and Mrs. Leroy Biggs worked on three leases on Houseman and Lightning Creeks. Last Chance Creek.—V. McFadden and two partners drifted 112 feet in gravel on their placer property on Last Chance Creek near Stanley. The drifting was done from the bottom of the 90-foot shaft which was sunk in 1948 by the late A. Brown. Quesnel River Area (52° 121° N.W.) Likely.—A. Carbillet sluiced 2,500 cubic yards of gravel on two bench leases near Likely. Cedar Creek.—P. W. Ogden and a son, A. Ogden, operated a 3-inch monitor on the north bank of Cedar Creek half a mile above its junction with Quesnel Lake. About 3,000 cubic yards of overburden was removed. Cariboo River.—D. A. and H. C. Millar and one partner hydraulicked 5,000 cubic yards of overburden and gravel on a bench on the south side of Cariboo River near Murderer Gulch. Keithley Creek (52° 121° N.E.) Keithley Creek.—E. F. Lang did some drilling on the east bank of Keithley Creek one-quarter of a mile downstream from Snowshoe Creek. This work was done on a lease owned by C H. Pitt, of Vernon. 142 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 T. Payne ground-sluiced for a short period on his lease near the junction of Four Creek with Keithley Creek. Nigger Creek.—T. Payne, with a small hydraulic plant, moved 900 cubic yards of gravel on his lease at the headwaters of Nigger Creek, a tributary of Cariboo Lake. Harvey Creek Mines Limited.—On Nigger Creek, B. Boe and four men ground- sluiced 150,000 cubic yards of overburden and gravel. FRASER RIVER* Lillooet Area (50° 121° N.W.) Black Beaver Placers Ltd.—W. H. Miller and two employees did some testing of gravels on two leases on the east side of the Fraser River about 9 miles below Lillooet. This lease is on the Fraser River opposite the Pacific Great East- Fountainview ern Railway station at Fountain. Early in 1956 J. H. McKee, of Vancouver, purchased the lease from A. K. Greenway, of Lillooet. Since then the 3 miles of road from the Bridge River road has been repaired and some preparations have been made to begin placer-mining. The operation of a gold-recovery machine was tested. The machine was set up in June. Three small buildings were built to serve as cook-house, bunk-house, and office. About five men were employed. Watson Bar Creek (51° 122° S.E.) E. H. Rosenau and five men ground-sluiced 30,000 cubic yards of gravel on placer leases on the north fork of Watson Bar Creek. Two hundred feet of bedrock at a depth of 25 feet was uncovered. BRIDGE RIVER* Hurley River.—(50° 122° N.W.) W. Haylmore and one man did some drifting on his lease on Hurley River near Gold Bridge. They sluiced 200 cubic yards of gravel. COLUMBIA RIVERf Kirbyville Creek (51° 118° N.W.) Company office, 2360 Abbott Street, Kelowna. J. H. Buckland, West Columbia president. This company owns Special Placer Mining Lease No. Gold Placers Ltd. 462, an area of 3.9 square miles on the west side of Columbia River at the confluence of Kirbyville Creek and across from the confluence of Goldstream River. The property is reached by boat from Mile 56 on the Big Bend Highway, north of Revelstoke. Activity in 1956 was restricted to exploratory drilling. FORT STEELEi Maus Creek.—(49° 115° N.E.) G. R. Castles, of Lethbridge, and one man cleaned and retimbered the shaft at the Maus Creek Placers. Twenty-five cubic yards of gravel was removed from the north drift, and a small amount of gold was recovered. SPILLIMACHEEN^ Columbium and Uranium (50° 116° N.W.) Company office, Billings Bridge, Ont.; mine Bugaboo (Quebec office, Spillimacheen. W. D. Hubler, general superintendent; R. C. Metallurgical Gegg, superintendent. This company, a subsidiary of Ventures Industries Ltd.) Limited, holds one special placer lease at the headwaters of Bugaboo Creek. In addition, five leases and three special leases are * By J. W. Patterson. t By J. W. Peck. % By J. E. Merrett. PLACER 143 held on Vowell Creek, a tributary of the Spillimacheen River, and eight leases and two special leases are held on Forster Creek, a tributary of Columbia River. Access to the Bugaboo operation is by 25 miles of rough road from Spillimacheen on the Kootenay Central Railway. The purpose of the operation was to extract for metallurgical testing the columbium- and uranium-bearing minerals (pyrochlore, euxenite, and uranothorite) occurring in the post-Glacial outwash gravels derived from erosion of the Bugaboo granite stocks. Test drilling completed in 1955 indicated a concentrate-bearing zone approximately 300 feet wide extending along the creek for a distance of 3 miles. Work commenced in April with the ploughing of snow from and repairing of the road. Three prefabricated metal buildings were erected to serve as bunk-house, office, and power-house. A 100-kw. diesel-electric generator was installed in the power-house to provide power for the operation of the concentrating plant and for the pumping of water. As the concentrating plant was of a temporary nature, it was assembled without provision for housing. Gravel was removed from the creek banks with a shovel-loader and trucked to a small storage bin where a grizzly screen separated the large rocks. The gravel then passed over two 4-foot circular screens where all material of plus one-eighth inch in size was discarded. The undersize feed was pumped by a 5-inch sand-pump to a battery of twenty spiral classifiers. The collected materials of high specific gravity were pumped by two lVi-inch sand-pumps to four Wilfley-type concentrating tables which operated in closed circuit by means of four 1-inch sand-pumps. A wet magnetic separator was placed within this circuit in order to remove as much magnetite as possible without removing other magnetically attractive particles. The fine product from the closed-circuit section was discharged to a storage bin and dried in batch lots on an oil-fired heater. The dried concentrates were shipped to the company's Ontario laboratory for separation of the contained metals. The concentrating plant operated from August 1st to October 9th, during which time 7,220 cubic yards of gravel was treated and 24,931 pounds of concentrates were produced. The average number of men employed was eleven. Structural Materials and Industrial Minerals CONTENTS Asbestos— page Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited 146 Letain Asbestos (Conwest Exploration Company Limited) 148 Barite— Mountain Minerals Limited 148 Millwhite Mud Services 149 Building-stone— Andesite— Haddington Island Quarry 149 Granite— Kootenay Granite Products Limited 149 Valley Granite Products Ltd 149 Little Mountain Quarry 149 Indian River Quarries Limited 150 Gilley Bros. Limited 150 Vancouver Granite Co. Limited 150 Slate— McNab Creek Slate Quarry 150 Clay and Shale— Bear Creek Brick Company 150 Port Haney Brick Company Limited 150 Mainland Clay Products Limited 151 Clayburn Company Limited 151 Richmix Clays Limited 151 Fairey & Company Limited 151 Deeks-McBride Ltd 151 Baker Brick & Tile Company Limited 152 Gypsum— Columbia Gypsum Co. Ltd 152 Gypsum Lime and Alabastine, Canada, Limited . 152 Limestone and Cement— The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited 152 Agassiz Lime Quarry 152 Fraser Valley Lime Supplies 153 Beale Quarries Limited 153 W. S. Beale (1955) Ltd 153 McKay Quarry 153 Gypsum Lime and Alabastine, Canada, Limited 153 British Columbia Cement Company Limited 154 Alaska Pine & Cellulose Limited 154 Marl— Cheam Marl Products Limited 154 Popkum Marl Products Limited 154 145 146 report of the minister of mines, 1956 Sand and Gravel— page Abbotsford Gravel Sales Ltd 155 Dueck's Gravel Pit 155 Foster's Gravel Pit 155 Border Sand and Gravel Company 155 Colebrook Sand & Gravel Company Limited 155 Corporation of the District of Surrey 155 Corporation of the Township of Langley 155 Hornby General Machinery Company 155 Langley Gravel and Contracting : 155 Richmond Bulldozing Co. Ltd 155 S.U.B. Quarries Ltd 155 Jack Cewe Blacktop Ltd 156 Gilley Bros. Limited (Maryhill Division) 156 S. and S. Gravel Pit 156 TroutenPit 156 Corporation of the Municipality of Burnaby 156 Deeks-McBride Ltd 156 Highland Sand and Gravel Company Limited 156 Maclynn Gravel Co. Ltd 157 Hollyburn Trucking and Excavating Contractors 157 Capilano Crushing Co. Ltd 157 Routledge Gravel Ltd 157 Construction Aggregates Ltd 157 Hillside Sand & Gravel Limited 157 Butler Brothers Supplies Ltd 157 Mclntyre and Harding Gravel Company Limited 158 Evans, Coleman & Johnson Bros. Ltd. (Producers Sand & Gravel (1929) Limited) 158 A. V. Richardson Ltd 158 Silica— Rimrock Mining Corporation Limited 158 Oliver Silica Quarry 159 Slag— Granby Slag Dump 159 Greenwood Slag Dump 159 Crofton Slag Dump 159 ASBESTOS Mount McDame (59° 129° S.W.). Head office, 85 Richmond Cassiar Asbestos Street West, Toronto; British Columbia office, Royal Bank Build- Corporation ing, Vancouver; mine office, Cassiar. J. B. Christian, general Limited* manager; N. F. Murray, general superintendent; C. E. Bronson, plant superintendent; J. Berry, mine superintendent; A. C. Beguin, mill superintendent. The property straddles a 6,300-foot spur of the main ridge 2.2 miles northwest of Mount McDame, and the mill and camp are located immediately to the south of the property in the valley of Troutline Creek at an elevation of 3,540 feet. A gravelled road approximately 80 miles long connects the mine with the Alaska Highway near Watson Lake. * By A. R. C James. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 147 The orebody, containing chrysotile asbestos, is an elongated lens-shaped body of serpentine bounded by metamorphosed sedimentary rocks on the west and by interlayered metamorphosed sediments and volcanic flows on the east. The series strikes northward and dips steeply to the east. The main serpentine outcrop extends across a high ridge for a length of 2,000 feet, the width ranging from 50 to 450 feet. A second outcrop of serpentine occurs in the floor of a cirque 1,200 feet north of the main showing. The intervening steep slopes are covered by asbestos fluff and serpentine talus, but the two orebodies are on strike and appear to be part of a single mass. The first claims on this important deposit were located by V. A. Sittler and associates, of Fort Nelson, in 1950, and the first production was in 1952. The asbestos is mined entirely by open-cut methods, from a series of benches ranging from 15 to 30 feet high. Two TM-500 Joy drills were purchased during the year; these large mobile machines are used to drill 30-foot vertical holes 4Yz inches in diameter, the holes being spaced at 8-foot intervals. Eight TM-400A wagon drills are also in use; these machines are used to drill a series of horizontal holes 4 to 5 feet apart and 15 feet in average depth. All detonation of blasts is by primacord to keep foreign material out of the ore. The ore is handled with Eimco 104 and 105 loaders and by a %-cubic- yard Northwest shovel. Most of the ore is now put through a grizzly and primary crusher on the "hill" at 6,176 feet elevation. From this point it passes down chutes to the tram-line buckets and is transported over 3 miles to the mill. The mining of ore in 1956 was begun on April 26th and ended on October 27th. The breaking of waste continued until November 17th. The mining season in 1956 was more than ten weeks longer than the 1955 season. Production of ore was 339,993 tons, a 52.5-per-cent increase over the previous year. A total of 416,527 tons of waste was broken. Underground development work was done from the adit at the 6,000-foot level with a view to exploring the extent of the orebody and increasing proved ore reserves. A total of 731 feet of crosscutting and 640 feet of drifting along the hangingwall side of the ore- body was done during the year. The present mill rate is from 900 to 1,000 tons a day, and the mill operates the year round. In general the ore circuit in the mill is as follows: Mine ore is passed through a grizzly feeding the jaw crusher, then passed over a Dillon screen with the oversize going to a 4-foot cone crusher. The ore is then passed through the drier units and carried by conveyors to a dry-rock storage shed. The mill-feed from the dry-rock storage is passed over a Dillon screen, then over a series of gyratory screens with a 3-foot cone crusher in the primary circuit. Milling is by a dry process, the fibre being freed from the rock by impact method, aspirated from the screens by means of exhaust fans, and collected and cleaned by cyclone collectors. The discharge of reject fines from the screens is by gravity through a number of ducts to conveyors which discharge to tailing storage. The operating and supervisory staff in the mill totals about twenty persons. A total of 284,877 tons of ore was milled in 1956. Production figures of fibre as supplied to the mining statistician by the company head office were as follows:— Grade Tons Crude No. 1 73.15 AAA 531.25 AA 734.70 3K 5,576.60 AC 5,03 9.40 4K 8,771.25 Total fibre produced 20,726.35 There were forty staff employees at Cassiar in 1956, and the crew employed on all operations ranged from 200 in the winter months to 360 in the summer. 148 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The most important item of new construction completed in 1956 was the aerial tram-line, which started operating on May 24th. This is a Breco continuous powered aerial tram almost 3 miles long, designed to carry ore at 100 tons per hour from the mine at 5,800 feet elevation to the mill at 3,540 feet elevation. The following additional construction was completed in 1956:— A mine dry, 30 feet by 70 feet, \Yz-story. Extension to dry-rock storage building which will double the storage capacity. This extension is 170 feet long, 225 feet wide, and 80 feet high. A new garage and compressor-house at the mine. A six-bed hospital, which is excellently equipped and of the most modern design. A community church. A school and teacher's quarters. Seven new Pan Abode dwellings. The year was unfortunately marred by two fatal accidents. On May 22nd Ivo Bortoluzzi, aged 27, was killed by being struck on the head by a piece of flying rock from the cirque chute. On August 20th Herbert Laber, aged 26, was killed when the truck he was operating went over the edge of the 6160 bench and fell 167 feet down the face of the mountain. Eight other accidents involving a week or more of lost time were reported and investigated. An accident-prevention committee, presided over by the plant superintendent, meets monthly and reviews all accidents and carries out safety inspections of the whole property. King Mountain (58° 128° S.E.). Company office, 1001, 85 Letain Asbestos Richmond Street West, Toronto. F. M. Connell, president. This (Conwest Explo- property comprises twenty-three claims held by location and is ration Company about 3 miles northeast of King Mountain, near the headwaters of Limited)* Ferry Creek, which flows north into the Turnagain River. It is reported that these claims cover promising showings of asbestos fibre. In 1956 a limited amount of open-cutting was done to outline the area of fibre-bearing serpentine. It is reported that the results of this work, both as to size and grade of material, were encouraging, and a continuation of this development in 1957 is anticipated. A crew averaging six men was employed under the supervision of A. E. Storey. BARITE Company office, Meech Building, P.O. Box 273, Lethbridge, Alta. Mountain Minerals R. A. Thrall, managing director; William MacPherson, superin- Limitedt tendent. This company owns one barite quarry 7 miles west by road from Parson siding and another 5 miles west by road from Brisco, both in the Windermere Valley, south of Golden. The Parson quarry (51° 116° S.W.) operated for a two-month period, during which time 1,470 tons of barite was shipped to the company's processing plant at Lethbridge. The Brisco quarry (50° 116° N.E.) operated for an eleven-month period, during which time a crew of five men quarried and shipped 9,965 tons of barite to the Lethbridge plant. Surface stripping in a northeasterly direction from the lower quarry, commenced in 1955, extended the outline of the barite outcrop approximately 150 feet. Three diamond-drill holes totalling 250 feet were drilled immediately southwest of the face of the upper quarry. These holes located the extension of the barite zone, which in that area is covered to considerable depth with hardpan. A primary crushing unit, loading-conveyor, and railway spur were constructed at the Kootenay Central Railway at Brisco. A 100-horsepower electric motor and a 20- by * By A. R. C James. t By J. E. Merrett. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 149 36-inch jaw crusher were installed to do the crushing. Power was obtained from the British Columbia Power Commission's transmission-line through that area. Windermere (50° 115° S.W.). Company office, M. and N. Build- Millwhite Mud ing, Houston, Texas. Canadian subsidiary, Pacific Western Mud Services* Service Ltd., 631 Ninth Avenue West, Calgary, Alta. This com pany optioned the Lucky group of four mineral claims from T. Cameron, of Windermere. The claims are located on the west slope of the Stanford Range, 1 mile east of the Cranbrook-Radium Highway, 6 miles south of Windermere. Approximately one-half mile of road was constructed from a logging-road to an outcrop of barite exposed at an elevation of 4,000 feet on a steep hillside. Surface stripping over an area 40 feet wide and 60 feet long disclosed several massively crystalline lenses of barite in an easterly striking zone within dolomite. It was reported that other outcrops of barite were exposed at intervals uphill along this zone. A small barite outcrop is exposed 100 feet northwest of the main cut. It is estimated that within the stripped area at least two-thirds of the exposed rock is barite. Lead and copper mineralization was seen on the freshly exposed surfaces. No shipments of barite were made. BUILDING-STONE Andesite (50° 127° N.E.) Company office, J. A. and C. H. McDonald Haddington Island Limited, 1571 Main Street, Vancouver; quarry, Haddington Island. Quarryt Andesite is quarried to obtain dimension stone for building pur poses. The quarry face is about 75 feet high and slopes about 45 degrees, following the main jointing feature of the deposit. Stone is undercut by drilling and blasting at the floor of the quarry; the ends of the stone are formed by a secondary joint system; the other sides are cut by blasting. Drilling is done with air machines using conventional steel, having a spade-shaped bit. Holes are drilled 3 to 4 inches apart for shaping the stone and are blasted with black powder. Two derricks are used to move the stone to scows, by which it is transported to Vancouver for finishing. Granite Kootenay Granite Products Limited.*—Sirdar (49° 116° S.W.) Company office, 603 Eighth Avenue West, Calgary, Alta.; quarry office, Sirdar. Some modifications were made in the crushing circuit, but no quarrying or crushing was done at this plant. Cheam View (49° 121° S.W.). Company office, 410 Mayfair Valley Granite Avenue, Chilliwack; plant, Bridal Falls. Kenneth Jessiman, gen- Products Ltd.t eral manager. The quarry and crushing plant are 11 miles east of Rosedale. The quarry is mined in two benches, each about 15 feet high. Vertical blast-holes are drilled with jackhammers. Rock is broken to approximately 8 inches and is piled under temporary shelters and dried with open-flame kerosene burners. The dried rock is loaded into wheelbarrows and transported to a dry process, crushing and screening plant. The plant produces turkey, chicken, and bird grits, stucco- dash, sand-blasting material, filler for asphalt roofing, and sand material for automotive vehicles. Twelve men were employed. Chilliwack (49° 121° S.W.). This pit is on the north slope of Little Mountain Mount Shannon and about 1 mile northeast of Chilliwack. It is Quarryt operated intermittently by the Fraser Valley Dyking Commission to obtain rock to repair dykes along the Fraser River. Rock is broken by coyote-hole methods and is loaded by shovels on to trucks and transported to the dykes. * By J. E. Merrett. t By R. B. King. 150 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Granite Falls (49° 122° S.W.). Company office, 1255 West Indian River Pender Street, Vancouver; quarry office, Granite Falls. John M. Quarries Limited* Carnsew, superintendent. Granite is quarried to obtain jetty-rock, riprap, and rubble. Rock is broken from the quarry face by benching. Broken rock is loaded by shovels into wire-rope nets which serve as a coarse screen. These are transported by a steam-driven derrick and loaded directly on to scows. Eight men were employed. Pitt River (49° 122° S.W.). Company office, 902 Columbia Gilley Bros. Street, New Westminster; quarry office, Pitt River. J. H. Gilley, Limited* general manager; Francis J. MacDonald, superintendent. Quartz diorite is quarried to obtain rock for jetties, dykes, and concrete aggregate. Rock is broken from a quarry face, which is nearly 100 feet high, mainly by a coyote-hole method of mining. Broken rock is loaded by a 2-cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel into 12-cubic-yard-capacity trucks and is transported to a crushing plant. The crushing plant consists of a 42- by 60-inch jaw crusher which discharges crushed rock over an inclined 6-inch grizzly to a conveyor belt for loading scows. Undersize material (— 6-inch) is stockpiled. Hydro-electric power to run the plant is produced on the property. Twenty-five men were employed. Nelson Island (49° 124° N.E.). Company office, 744 West Vancouver Granite Hastings Street, Vancouver; quarry, Nelson Island. Dimension Co. Limited* stone for building purposes and monuments, jetty-rock, and rubble are mined at this quarry. The rock is drilled to size following a mineral lineation pattern and then wedged or blasted for removal. Derricks are used to move the stone to scows, by which it is transported to Vancouver for cutting and finishing. Approximately 1,200 tons of stone was produced from April 1st to November 5th, 1956. Seven men were employed. Slate Howe Sound (49° 123° N.E.). Head office, Richmix Clays McNab Creek Limited, 2890 East Twelfth Avenue, Vancouver; quarry, McNab Slate Quarry* Creek. G. W. Richmond, manager. Slate is quarried for flagstones, roofing granules, and filler. Rock is broken from a 30-foot quarry face by drilling and blasting horizontal holes. Broken slate is hand-loaded into scows. The product is shipped to Vancouver for grading and sizing. During 1956, 491 tons of slate was mined. CLAY AND SHALE Surrey (49° 122° S.W.). Head office, Victoria Tile & Brick Bear Creek Brick Supply Co. Ltd., Vancouver; plant, Archibald Road, Surrey Company* Municipality. James McBeth, plant manager. Surface clay is mined from a shallow pit adjacent to the plant by a Yz -cubic-yard gasoline shovel. The clay is transported to a hopper and, from this, elevated to the plant by small cars on an inclined railway. The bricks are formed by a wet process and placed in hacks to be weather-dried. Wood-fired scove kilns are built for burning bricks. Haney (49° 122° S.W.). Company office, 846 Howe Street, Port Haney Brick Vancouver; plant, Haney. E. G. Baynes, president; J. Hadgkiss, Company Limited* plant manager. Plastic clay is mined from a low pit face beside the plant by a ^-cubic-yard gasoline-driven shovel and is transported by truck to a covered air-drying area. The clay is dried in a rotary wood-fired kiln and conveyed to a dry pan for grinding. Brick and tile are formed by a stiff-mud extrusion process and dried in a controlled-temperature drying-room. The products are * By R. B. King. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 151 burned in down-draught beehive kilns. During 1956, 14,402 tons of clay products were produced. Sixty men were employed. Barnet (49° 122° S.W.). Head office, 8699 Angus Drive, Van- Mainland Clay couver; plant, Barnet. D. Pitkethly, general manager. Surface Products Limited* clay is mined intermittently from a pit adjacent to the plant and is transported to a covered air-drying area. Some fireclay is obtained from Kilgard. Bricks are formed and dried in a heated drying building. Common brick, Roman brick, and firebrick are burned in rectangular oil-fired kilns. Seven men were employed. (49° 122° S.E.) Head office, 302 Credit Foncier Building, Clayburn Company Vancouver; plants, Kilgard and Abbotsford. R. M. Hungerford, Limited* managing director; P. S. Jagger, plant manager. Two plants are operated by this company: one, in which sewer-pipe and flue- lining are manufactured, is at Kilgard; the other, in which facebrick, refractories, special refractory shapes, and refractory specialties are made, is at Abbotsford. In the Kilgard plant, sewer-pipe and flue-lining are extruded through dies, pre-dried, and burned in oil-fired down-draught beehive kilns. In the Abbotsford plant, bricks are dry-pressed or extruded through dies, hand set on cars, and passed through a drier. From the drier the bricks pass into an oil-fired continuous kiln 300 feet long. Some of the clay used in the manufacture of refractories is precalcined in a 150-foot oil-fired rotary kiln. The rotary kiln is also used for bloating of certain clays. Clay is mined from shale members of the Huntingdon formation on Sumas Mountain. Three underground mines and two open pits produce shale for the plant. Room-and- pillar method of minin" is used in the underground mines, and extensive use is made of roof-bolting for ground support. Holes are drilled with tungsten-carbide-tipped augers which are driven by air-operated drills. Black powder is used in blasting down the shale. Scrapers, operated by 30-horsepower electrically driven hoists, are used to move broken shale directly to mine cars. Trucks haul the shale from the portals to both plants. In the open pits, clay is mined in 20-foot benches by drilling and blasting vertical holes. Broken clay is loaded on trucks for haulage to the plants. Clay mined during 1956 totalled 89,495 tons, of which 52,474 tons was used in the production of facebrick and firebrick and 17,893 tons was used for sewer-pipe and flue- lining. Clay mined for use in the rotary kilns was 19,128 tons. Twenty men were employed. Kilgard (49° 122° S.E.). Office and plant, 2890 East Twelfth Richmix Clays Avenue, Vancouver; quarry, Kilgard. G. W. Richmond, manager. Limited* Stripping and mining of fireclay are carried on intermittently at this property. Clay is drilled and blasted, then loaded by a diesel- driven shovel on to trucks and transported to markets. During 1956, 2,896 tons of fireclay was shipped. Vancouver (49° 123° S.E.). L. T. Fairey, manager. This com- Fairey & Company pany produced a variety of fireclay blocks and shapes and high- Limitedt temperature cements. Local and imported raw materials were used. Bazan Bay (48° 123° N.E.). This company purchased the prop- Deeks-McBride erty of Bazan Bay Brick & Tile Company Limited near Sidney, Ltd.* Vancouver Island, and became the Clay Division of Deeks-Mc- Bride Ltd. Surface clay is mined by scrapers and stockpiled for drying. It is then ground in a dry pan and elevated to a storage hopper. Brick and tile are formed by a stiff-mud extrusion process and dried in a temperature- and humidity- * By R. B. King. t By J. W. McCammon. 152 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 controlled drying-room. The products are burned in an oil-fired shuttle-type kiln. Common brick, building-tile, and drain-tile are produced. Ten men were employed. Victoria (49° 123° S.E.). Office and plant, Victoria. J. V. Baker Brick & Tile Johnson and D. E. Smith, joint managers. Surface clay is mined Company Limited* near the plant by gas shovel and transported by truck to storage bins. The clay is air-dried, ground, and formed into shapes by a soft-mud extrusion process and dried with waste heat from kilns. Down-draught kilns are used to burn the ware. Flower-pots, drain-tile, structural tile, flue-lining, and Roman brick are manufactured. During 1956, 4,000 tons of clay was mined. Twenty men were employed. GYPSUM Windermere (50° 115° S.W.). Company office, 576 West First Columbia Gypsum Avenue, Vancouver; quarry office, Athalmer. A. E. Portman, Co. Ltd.t superintendent. During a seven-month period a crew of eight men quarried and crushed 38,653 tons of gypsum rock at the deposit on Windermere Creek, 10 miles from Lake Windermere station at Athalmer on the Kootenay Central Railway. Of the 34,729 tons shipped, approximately 45 per cent was shipped to the Canada Cement Company, Exshaw, Alta. The remainder was shipped to the Columbia Gypsum Company, Austin, Wash.; Ideal Cement Company, Irvin, Wash.; and the Lehigh Portland Cement Company, Metaline Falls, Wash. During the year considerable work was done to improve the quarry road by straightening, widening, and, where possible, reducing adverse grades. Falkland (50° 119° N.W.). Head office, Paris, Ont.; British Gypsum Lime and Columbia office, 1105 West Pender Street, Vancouver. W. M. Alabastine, Canada, Tulley, British Columbia manager; Robert Thomson, quarry super- Limited t intendent. During the first few months of the year, gypsum was produced from the company's quarries at Falkland. In June operations were suspended and had not been resumed at the end of the year. During the period of operation the production of gypsum averaged approximately 350 tons daily, and twenty-eight men were employed. The gypsum was shipped to the company's processing plants at Port Mann and Calgary. LIMESTONE AND CEMENT Fife (49° 118° S.E.), Head office, Trail; quarry, Fife. G. S. The Consolidated Ogilvie, property superintendent; Oscar Tedesco, quarry foreman. Mining and Smelt- The limestone quarried here is shipped to Trail for use as flux in ing Company of the smelter. The quarry is alongside the Kettle Valley branch of Canada, Limited $ the Canadian Pacific Railway, half a mile north of Fife. The limestone is blasted from the quarry face and is mechanically loaded into trucks and hauled to a loading-bin at the railway. Compressed air for drilling is supplied by two compressors with a total capacity of 560 cubic feet per minute. New construction during the year included a blacksmith-shop, compressor-house, and a dry- house. Operations were continuous throughout the year. The quarry was operated on a two-shift basis, and twelve men were employed. The limestone shipped in 1956 amounted to 73,778 tons. Agassiz (49° 121° S.W.). Hiram Cutler, owner. Agricultural Agassiz Lime limestone, crushed rock, and chicken grit are produced from this Quarry* quarry and crushing plant. Limestone is blasted from low quarry faces and is transported by a Va -cubic-yard loader from the quarry * By R. B. King. t By J. E. Merrett. % By E. R. Hughes. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 153 to the crushing plant. During 1956 nearly 1,400 tons of limestone was produced. Three men were employed. Fraser Valley Lime Supplies.*—Popkum (49° 121° S.W.) Arthur Isaacs, superintendent. Limestone is blasted from the quarry face, hand-loaded into trucks, and transported to a crushing plant. During 1956, 4,700 tons of limestone was quarried. Six men were employed. Vananda (49° 124° N.W.). Head office, 744 West Hastings Beale Quarries Street, Vancouver; quarry office, Vananda. W. D. Webster, super- Limited* intendent. On March 1st, 1956, Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd. bought control of the quarry. Limestone is quarried to produce pulp rock for paper-mills, agricultural limestone, crushed limestone, and stucco products. The quarry is worked on levels with faces about 15 feet high. Wagon drills are used to drill holes for blasting. Broken rock is loaded with two % -cubic-yard diesel- driven shovels and transported by truck to a crushing plant. At the end of the year heavier equipment was added, including a 3-cubic-yard Bucyrus shovel, a Joy Heavyweight Champion drill and two Euclid 63-T trucks. Approximately 129,000 tons of limestone was produced in 1956. Of this, 85,000 tons was shipped as pulp rock and 44,000 tons as crushed limestone. Thirty-four men were employed in the quarry and plants. Vananda (49° 124° N.W.). Office and quarry, Vananda. Stan- W. S. Beale ley Beale, manager. This quarry is at Marble Bay, near Vananda. (1955) Ltd.* The quarry is worked with one face nearly 80 feet high and sloping nearly 45 degrees to the horizontal. One section is being prepared for use of long vertical holes in which churn drills will be used. Blasted rock is loaded with a Yz -cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel and transported by trucks to a coarse screen. Pulp rock is loaded on to scows; spalls are stockpiled. Seven men were employed. Vananda (49° 124° N.W.). Don McKay, owner. This quarry McKay Quarry* is on the main road about 2 miles south of Vananda. White limestone is mined and sold for stucco-dash and whiting. Open-pit mining with low benches allows a selective recovery of the white limestone. Grey limestone is also sold for pulp rock. During 1956, 3,000 tons of white limestone and 4,500 tons of grey limestone were produced. Blubber Bay (49° 124° N.W.). Head office, 50 Maitland Street, Gypsum Lime and Toronto 5, Ont.; British Columbia office, 1105 West Pender Street, Alabastine, Canada, Vancouver; limestone quarry, Blubber Bay; lime plants, Blubber Limited* Bay and Vancouver. Arthur Pitt, plant manager, Blubber Bay. Limestone is quarried approximately 2 miles from the Blubber Bay plant. The quarry is worked in levels with faces nearly 25 feet high. Wagon drills and Gardner-Denver rotary drills are used to drill horizontal and vertical blast-holes. Broken rock is loaded by diesel-driven shovels on to trucks and hauled to the Blubber Bay plant. There the limestone is crushed, sized, and stockpiled for use in lime-burning facilities at Blubber Bay and Vancouver, and also for sale. Products are crushed stone, including sized rock, spalls, and fines or screenings, quicklime (lump, crushed, and pulverized), and hydrated lime. Stone is supplied to such industries as pulp and paper, cement, smelting and refining, iron and steel, agriculture, etc. Lime is supplied for building, mining, pulp and paper, chemicals, agriculture, steel, and sugar industries. New crushing, screening, stone-handling, and mechanical loading facilities, including a reclaiming system and new loading-dock, were completed in 1956 at Blubber Bay, and substantially increased production capacity. Lime-burning facilities at Blubber Bay are currently being increased and will be finished early in 1957. * By R. B. King. 154 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Total number of men employed at Blubber Bay in 1956 was sixty. Head office, 500 Fort Street, Victoria. N. A. Tomlin, managing British Columbia director; R. E. Haskins, general superintendent. Quarries are Cement Company operated at Bamberton (48° 123° N.W.) and Cobble Hill (48° Limited* 123° N.W.) on Vancouver Island and at Blubber Bay (49° 124° N.W.) on Texada Island to produce limestone and greenstone, used in manufacturing cement. At Blubber Bay the quarry faces range from 70 to 85 feet in height. A churn drill is used to drill vertical blast-holes. The holes are spaced at 20-foot centres, have 25 feet of burden, and are drilled 9 feet below grade line of the quarry floor. Broken rock is loaded by diesel-driven shovels into 15-ton-capacity trucks and transported to a crushing plant. Rock from the crushing plant is stockpiled, and when required is loaded by conveyor-belt to scows for shipment to the cement plant at Bamberton. At Cobble Hill the quarry face is about 70 feet high. A churn drill is used to drill vertical blast-holes which have a 26-foot spacing and burden. Broken rock is loaded by a diesel-driven shovel into 15-ton trucks and transported to the Bamberton plant. Construction of a private road, approximately 9 miles long, from Cobble Hill to Bamberton was started during the year. At Bamberton, rock is mined by drilling horizontal holes with wagon drills. Broken rock is loaded by electric and diesel-driven shovels and transported to the crushing plant by trucks. During 1956, 691,926 tons of limestone and 127,250 tons of greenstone were mined. Of this, 212,585 tons of limestone was quarried at Bamberton, 186,300 tons of limestone was quarried at Blubber Bay quarry, and 293,041 tons was quarried at Cobble Hill. The greenstone was mined at Blubber Bay and Bamberton. Forty-seven men were employed. Jeune Landing (50° 127° S.W.). Head office, 1111 West Georgia Alaska Pine & Street, Vancouver. Nils Erickson, quarry superintendent. This Cellulose Limited* quarry is on the east shore of Neroutsos Inlet about VA miles north of Jeune Landing. Limestone is quarried for pulp rock for the Port Alice pulp plant. The limestone is worked by advancing a low face and using air-leg types of drills for drilling blast-holes. Broken rock is loaded by a Yz -cubic-yard diesel- driven shovel and transported by truck to a ramp, where it is dumped over a scalping grizzly. The coarse material is loaded on scows and fine material is stockpiled. The loading-dock was completely rebuilt and enlarged. During 1956, 17,000 tons of limestone was shipped and 5,000 cubic yards was crushed and stockpiled for roads and fill at Port Alice. Three men were employed. MARL Cheam Marl Products Ltd.*—Popkum (49° 121° S.W.). Office, Chilliwack. A. M. Davidson, manager. Marl is mined from a deposit on the east shore of Cheam Lake by a diesel-driven dragline and by scrapers. The marl is sold wet or semi-dry. Three men were employed. Popkum (49° 121° S.W.). W. A. Munro, manager. Marl and Popkum Marl humus are mined by this company from a deposit near Cheam Products Limited* Lake. Humus is removed first and then marl is mined by a diesel- driven dragline. Some of the material is dried in an oil-fired rotary kiln. Wet, semi-dry, and dry humus and marl are produced. Three men were employed. * By R. B. King. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 155 SAND AND GRAVEL* Abbotsford (49° 122° S.E.). This pit is 7 miles west and 6 miles Abbotsford Gravel south of Abbotsford. Gravel is mined by shovel and scraper from Sales Ltd. the pit and is either sold as pit run or is crushed, washed, and sized in an adjacent plant. A ready-mix plant furnishes concrete for local sales. Four men were employed. Clearbrooke (49° 122° S.E.). Dueck Building Supplies Ltd., Dueck's Gravel Pit owner. This pit is about 1 mile north of Clearbrooke. Sand and gravel are dug from gravel faces about 15 feet high by an overhead loader and transported to a bucket elevation, by which they are elevated to a washing plant. Pit and washed and sized gravel are produced. A ready-mix plant furnishes concrete for local sales. Three men were employed. Aldergrove (49° 122° S.E.). C. N. Foster, owner. This pit is Foster's Gravel Pit about 3 miles south of Aldergrove. Sand and gravel are mined from low faces by a front-end loader. Pit-run gravel is sold locally. One man was employed. White Rock (49° 122° S.W.). Office and plant, Boundary Road, Border Sand and R.R. 4, White Rock. T. Lapierre, manager. Gravel is mined Gravel Company by blasting low gravel faces or loading loose gravel with an overhead loader. The gravel is transported to a plant for washing and sizing or is sold as pit-run gravel. Three men were employed. Cloverdale (49° 122° S.W.). Office and plant, Bayview Road, Colebrook Sand & R.R. 1, Cloverdale. F. Bray and J. Bray, owners and operators. Gravel Company Sand and gravel are mined by an overhead loader, loaded on to Limited trucks and hauled to a semi-portable washing and screening plant. Sand and gravel for fill, concrete, and plaster are produced. Two men were employed. Corporation of the District of Surrey.—Cloverdale (49° 122° S.W.). Several gravel pits are operated within this township for the purpose of road maintenance and construction. Gravel is mined by diesel-driven shovels or by scrapers and is crushed in portable crushers or used as pit-run gravel. Corporation of the Township of Langley.—Murrayville (49° 122° S.W). Several gravel pits are operated within the township for the purpose of road maintenance and construction. Gravel is mined by diesel-driven shovels and is transported to crushers by trucks or is used directly as pit-run gravel. Hornby General Machinery Company.—Langley Municipality (49° 122° S.W.). Office, Cloverdale; pit, Gobsell Road. Harry Hornby, owner. Run-of-pit gravel is mined intermittently by a small diesel shovel from low pit faces. Gravel is sold locally. One man was employed. Langley Gravel and Contracting.—Langley Prairie (49° 122° S.W.). H. Gibson Clarke, owner. Gravel is mined from a pit on the corner of Bradshaw and Berry Roads. An overhead loader mines gravel from a low face. Run-of-pit gravel is sold locally. Richmond Bulldozing Co. Ltd.—Port Mann (49° 122° S.W.). Office, 659 No. 4 Road, Lulu Island. S. E. Adernack, manager. This company is operating a pit near Port Mann. Gravel is mined from a low face by a diesel-driven shovel and is either crushed and screened to supply sized products or is sold as pit run. Two men were employed. Port Mann (49° 122° S.W.). Office, 611 No. 3 Road, Brig- S.U.B. Quarries house. Gravel is mined by digging low gravel faces with diesel- Ltd. driven shovels. Most of the production is supplied as pit-run gravel to a crushing plant and ready-mix plant adjacent to the pit. Five men were employed. * By R. B. King. 156 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Coquitlam (49° 122° S.W.). Jack Cewe, manager. This pit is Jack Cewe about 3 miles north of Coquitlam on Pipe Line Road. Gravel Blacktop Ltd. is mined from a low gravel face by a diesel-driven shovel and is trucked to a portable crusher. Run-of-pit gravel and crushed products are sold locally or used by an adjacent asphalt road-materials plant. During 1956 approximately 30,000 tons of material was mined. Six men were employed. Coquitlam (49° 122° S.W.). Company office. 902 Columbia Gilley Bros. Limited Street, New Westminster. J. H. Gilley, general manager; E. John- (Maryhill Division) ston, superintendent. This pit and plant is on the Fraser River near Coquitlam. Sand and gravel are mined from 30-foot faces by a 2Yz -cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel and trucked by 12-cubic-yard trucks to a crushing plant. Crushed rock is distributed to two washing plants. Sand, gravel, and crushed products produced from this property are transported by scows to markets. Forty-five men were employed. Coquitlam (49° 122° S.W.). N. P. Stromgren and C. B. Scott, S. and S. Gravel Pit owners. This pit is on Pipe Line Road north of Coquitlam. Gravel is mined from a high gravel face by digging with a diesel- driven shovel or an overhead loader and is either crushed in a portable crusher or sold locally as run of pit. Four men were employed. South Westminster (49° 122° S.W.). Office and plant, 10987 Trouten Pit Sandell Road, R.R. 11, New Westminster. William Trouten, owner and operator. Gravel is mined from high faces by blasting and loaded by diesel-driven shovels on to trucks. A small portable crushing unit is operated intermittently. Four men were employed. Corporation of the Municipality of Burnaby.—Burnaby (49° 122° S.W.). S. Thompson, works superintendent. The pit, on Stride Avenue, is operated by E. R. Taylor Construction Co. Ltd. for the Municipality of Burnaby. Gravel is mined by digging with a 1-cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel. It is loaded into trucks and transported to a portable crusher or is used as run-of-pit gravel. Company office, 1051 Main Street, Vancouver. J. W. Sharpe, Deeks-McBride general manager. Two gravel pits and crushing plants were oper- Ltd. ated during 1956 by this company. One pit is near Coquitlam (49° 122° S.W.) and the other near the mouth of Seymour Creek (49° 123° S.E.). At the Coquitlam pit, gravel is dug with a 1-cubic-yard-capacity dragline and is transported by a conveyor-belt to a jaw crusher and then to the washing plant. The washed and sized gravel is stored in steel bunkers and is sold locally or used in a ready- mix cement plant. Ten men were employed. At the Seymour Creek plant, gravel is mined by a 3A -cubic-yard dragline at the edge of Burrard Inlet. Gravel is transported by conveyor to the washing plant. Crushed, washed, and sized gravel is shipped by scow or truck. Thirty men were employed. Lynnmour (49° 123° S.E.). Company office, Lynnmour. W. J. Highland Sand and Barrett-Leonard, manager. This company operates two plants— Gravel Company one at Lynnmour and one at 2962 Lambert Road, Langley Munici- Limited pality. At the Lynnmour plant, sand, gravel, crushed products, road materials, concrete blocks, and tiles are produced by this company. Material is dug from low gravel faces by a % -cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel and is transported by truck to a crushing, screening, and washing plant. At the Langley plant, gravel is mined by scraping, using two 1 Vz -cubic-yard crescent scrapers driven by an electrically powered double-drum donkey-engine. Gravel is conveyed to the plant, where it is washed, crushed, and sized. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 157 During 1956 a total of 172,600 cubic yards of material was handled by these plants, which involved the following products: Crushed rock, 42,358 cubic yards; sand and gravel, 34,044 cubic yards; crushed fill, 96,198 cubic yards. Maclynn Gravel Co. Ltd.—Lynnmour (49° 123° S.E.). Company office, Keith Road, Lynnmour. A. D. MacMillan, owner and operator. Gravel is dug by dragline from the bottom of Lynn Creek. The run-of-pit gravel is sold locally. Four men were employed. Hollyburn Trucking and Excavating Contractors.—Lynnmour (49° 123° S.E.). Office, 1473 Clyde Street, West Vancouver. Arthur Knight, manager. Gravel is dug from the bottom of Lynn Creek by a dragline and is sold locally as run of pit. Ten men were employed. West Vancouver (49° 123° S.E.). C. W. Bridge, general manager. Capilano Crushing This company operates three crushing and washing plants—plant Co. Ltd. No. 1 at 606 Marine Drive, West Vancouver; plant No. 2 at 33 East First Avenue, Vancouver; and plant No. 3 on the foreshore of the Capilano River. At plant No. 1, gravel is mined from the bed of the Capilano River by a 1 -cubic- yard diesel-driven dragline and transported to the plant for crushing, washing, and sizing. During 1956, 122,956 cubic yards of material was handled. Twelve men were employed. Material for the other two plants is mined by a clam-shell bucket operating from a taut-line cableway. Gravel is either loaded on to scows and transported to plant No. 2 or loaded on to trucks and transported to plant No. 3. During 1956, 346,803 cubic yards of material was produced from plant No. 2 and 38,206 cubic yards was produced from plant No. 3. Fifteen men were employed at plant No. 2 and twelve men in plant No. 3. West Vancouver (49° 123° S.E.). Office, Lower Capilano Post Routledge Gravel Office. T. C. Routledge, president. This company operates two Ltd. pits—one on the Indian reservation at the lower end of Lower Capilano Road, and the other at the mouth of Lynn Creek, the site of the former Coldwater Sand and Gravel Co. Ltd. In both pits gravel is scraped by a 7-cubic-yard scraper from underwater deposits and is conveyed to crushing, screening, and washing plants. Sixteen men were employed. Construction Aggregates Ltd.—Britannia Beach (49° 123° N.E.). Company office, 628 Carnarvon Street, New Westminster. During the latter part of 1956 ten men were employed in construction of a crushing and washing plant at a gravel pit near Britannia Beach. Hillside (49° 123° S.E.). Ray Kehoe, superintendent. This pit Hillside Sand & is on the west shore of Howe Sound and is accessible by road from Gravel Limited Gibsons Landing. Gravel is mined by washing with a constant flow of water cascading over the high pit face. Gravel is mined by a 3A -cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel, loaded into 15-cubic-yard Euclid trucks, and transported to a crushing and washing plant. The screening and crushing section of the plant was rebuilt. A Syntron screen was installed to screen out —4-inch material, and the -f-4-inch product is crushed in a 30- by 42-inch jaw crusher. A conveyor-belt removes this material to a large storage pile. Conveyor-belts in tunnels under this pile move the material to the washing plant. Washed and sized gravel is loaded on to scows for transportation. Fifteen men were employed. Royal Oak (48° 123° N.E.). Office and plant, Keating Cross- Butler Brothers road. Claude Butler, manager. Gravel is dug from gravel faces Supplies Ltd. by diesel-driven shovels and an overhead loader. It is transported to a washing and sizing plant or is sold as pit run. A ready-mix 158 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 plant furnishes concrete for local sales. In 1956, 246,074 tons of gravel was mined. Six men were employed. Saanich (48° 123° N.E.). Company office and plant, Royal Oak Mc In tyre and Post Office, Saanich. Gravel is mined by hydraulicking or is dug Harding Gravel directly from gravel faces by Vz-cubic-yard diesel-driven shovels Company Limited and is transported by trucks to a chute and grizzly. It is then conveyed to a washing and screening plant. Sand, gravel, and washed and sized products are produced. A concrete plant for making concrete bricks, building-blocks, and drain-tile is also operated. Twenty-five men were employed. Albert Head (48 ° 123 ° S.E.). Company office, 900 Wharf Street, Evans, Coleman & Victoria; plant, Royal Bay. A. Parker, plant superintendent. Johnson Bros. Ltd. Sand and gravel are mined by using a scraper on a slack-line cable- (Producers Sand & way to loosen packed gravel from the steep, high face. The gravel Gravel (1929) is loaded by a 1 Y$ -cubic-yard shovel into a hopper, where it dis- Limited) charges on a conveyor-belt and is conveyed to the plant. Gravel is crushed, screened, washed, and classified. During 1956, 433,600 cubic yards of material was mined, which was made up as follows: Sand and gravel, 363,000 cubic yards; crushed rock, 12,600 cubic yards; crushed road gravel, 58,000 cubic yards. Twenty-five men were employed. Duncan (48° 123° N.W.). Company office, Duncan. Sand, A. V. Richardson gravel, and crushed products are produced by this company from a Ltd. pit on the Cowichan road nearly 4 miles from Duncan. Gravel is mined by digging with an overhead-loading machine and also by scrapers. Gravel is either used directly as fill or road dressing or is washed and sized in an adjoining plant and used for concrete. During 1956, 17,500 cubic yards of gravel was produced. Three men were employed. SILICA Cranbrook (49° 115° S.W.). Registered office, 530 Rogers Bu.ild- Rimrock Mining ing, Vancouver; general office, 809 Eighth Avenue West, Calgary, Corporation Alta.; mine office, Cranbrook. Donald J. Fulton, president. The Limited* property is composed of fifty-four recorded claims at the south end of the ridge between Kiakho and Jim Smith Lakes and includes the Bert group, held for several years by Umberto Frisina, of Cranbrook. It is reached by 5 miles of road west from Cranbrook. A zone of intense silicification about 50 feet wide is exposed more or less continuously for at least 600 feet in outcrops and open-cuts. Recent exploration by surface stripping is reported to have considerably extended the length of this occurrence. This zone, which strikes roughly east and dips steeply north, follows a strong fault which has thrown the Creston formation into contact with the Aldridge formation. The brecciated quartzites are intensely silicified and contain a little vein quartz and small amounts of pyrite and gold. Work commenced in December with the construction of 1 mile of bush road connecting to the Kiakho Lake road and 2,000 feet of stripping by bulldozer along the mineral outcrop. The stripped section is wide enough to permit the operation of four- wheel-drive vehicles along its length. One diamond-drill hole 80 feet in length was drilled to investigate the continuity of the deposit at depth. [Reference: Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem, 207, 1937, p. 51.] By J. E. Merrett. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 159 Oliver (49° 119° S.W.). Pacific Silica Limited; W. M. Hemp- Oliver Silica hill, president, 3300 First Avenue, Seattle, Wash.; Ivan A. Hunter, Quarry* manager, Oliver. This silica quarry is on the Gypo mineral claim, owned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, and is 1 mile north of the village of Oliver and from 800 to 1,200 feet west of the main highway. A new quarry, No. 2, was started immediately west of No. 1, and about 300 feet higher in elevation. Additions were made to the crushing and screening facilities at the No. 1 plant, and 1,000 square feet of additional storage space was provided for the sacked product of the plant, which comprises stucco-dash, roofing-rock, poultry grit, and truck sander grit. The sacked material from this plant, amounting to 6,365 tons, was shipped to Vancouver, Vancouver Island, and Alberta. The No. 2 plant was built in 1956 for the purpose of processing rock for bulk shipments. The new plant consists of a 20- by 36-inch jaw crusher with apron feeder, one 3- by 10-foot Simplicity U/i-deck scalper screen, and one 4- by 10-foot Simplicity three- deck secondary screen. Belt-conveyors and bunkers were installed to accommodate four sizes of rock, varying from 5-inch to — %-inch. Production at this plant started on October 1st. The product is trucked from the plant to the Great Northern Railway at Oroville, Wash., and from there it is shipped to metallurgical plants in Washington and Oregon. Bulk shipments from plant No. 2 during the last three months of the year amounted to 11,461 tons. At No. 1 pit the silica is quarried by Pacific Silica Limited. At No. 2 pit the quarrying is done on contract by the Interior Contracting Company Limited. Twenty men were employed. SLAG Grand Forks (49° 118° S.E.). The old Granby Company smelter- Granby Slag slag dump at Grand Forks is owned by the City of Grand Forks. Dump* The mining, sorting, loading, and hauling of the material is done by the Grand Forks Cartage Company Limited. Slag is blasted from benches 20 feet high at the south end of the dump. After blasting, the slag is hand- loaded and passed over a vibrating screen, and then is hauled by truck to the railway. A total of approximately 120 tons was shipped. Two men were employed at intermittent periods. Greenwood (49° 118° S.W.). P. Falkoski owns part of the Greenwood Slag northern end of the slag at the old British Columbia Copper Com- Dump* pany's smelter at Greenwood. The slag is blasted from the face of the dump, mechanically loaded into trucks, and hauled to the railway. Approximately 280 tons of slag was shipped to Vancouver for use in the manufacture of rock-wool insulation. A crew of from two to four men worked at intermittent periods. Crofton (48° 123° N.W.). This slag dump from the old Crofton Crofton Slag smelter is owned jointly by Mrs. R. F. Castle and H. B. Elworthy. Dumpt Slag is broken by blasting and then loaded on scows. Slag is used for sand-blasting. Mining is done intermittently, and 11 cubic yards was removed in 1956. * By E. R. Hughes. t By R. B. King. Petroleum and Natural Gas By S. S. Cosburn Production__ CONTENTS Page 161 Exploration Sum Well Samples [MARY . 161 166 PRODUCTION On October 30th, 1956, the Boundary Lake field was officially declared an oilfield— British Columbia's first. The first commercial oil wells in the history of British Columbia were put on continuous production in June, 1956. By the year's end the Province had ten commercial oil wells and ninety-four gas wells, all in northeastern British Columbia. Texaco Exploration Company, as operator for the Northern Foothills Agreement group, completed five oil development wells in the Boundary Lake oilfield in 1956. This made a total of six oil wells in that field, all producing from the Triassic Schooler Creek formation. Four oil wells in the Fort St. John gas area were put on production during the year, three producing from the Triassic and one from the Permo-Pennsylvanian. By the end of 1956 the ten oil wells had delivered by truck 148,454 barrels of crude oil to the Dawson Creek refinery, Texaco Exploration Company produced 107,439 barrels of 34 degrees A.P.I, gravity crude oil from the Boundary Lake field, while from the Fort St. John field Pacific Petroleums Ltd. produced 31,919 barrels of 39 degrees A.P.I. gravity crude oil from the Triassic " C " sand and 9,096 barrels of 42 degrees A.P.I. gravity crude oil from the Permo-Pennsylvanian. Gas production from three wells supplying the village of Fort St. John totalled 187,846 thousand cubic feet. Of this amount, Pacific Fort St. John wells Nos. 19 and 26 produced 162,516 thousand cubic feet from the Triassic "A" member and Pacific Fort St. John No. 31 produced 25,330 thousand cubic feet from the Cadomin formation. The development of oil and gas resources in the Peace River District during 1956 showed a definite increase over any previous year. The year 1956 marked the opening of a refinery in Dawson Creek, the initial construction of an absorption plant at Taylor, installation of much of the required Fort St. John field gathering system, and the completion of 70 per cent of the Westcoast Transmission Company's pipe-line to Vancouver and the International Boundary. EXPLORATION SUMMARY Geological and geophysical exploration was concentrated in northeastern British Columbia east of the Rocky Mountains, and a limited amount was done in the southeastern part of the Province in the Fernie district. Seventy-two seismic parties were reported to have conducted surveys throughout the area extending from Monkman Pass to the northern boundary of the Province east of the Rocky Mountains. In addition, photogeologic studies and air-borne magnetometer surveys were made over a large area, and numerous test-holes were drilled by several companies for structural data. 161 162 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Running pressure test at well-head, Pacific Imperial Boundary Lake 1. Separator and storage tanks in background. Tank farm, Boundary Lake field. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 163 Surface geological surveys continued, mostly in the foothills and front ranges of the Rocky Mountains. Footage drilled increased 70 per cent over the 1955 total to 397,703 feet. Seventy- nine wells were operated during the year, of which eight were completed as oil wells, thirty-six were completed as gas wells, fifteen were abandoned, and at the end of the year twenty were drilling. These wells were all in northeastern British Columbia, except two drilling in the New Westminster district. The high rate of gas discovery continued in 1956 throughout the area from Dawson Creek to Fort Nelson. Of the twenty-four wildcats drilled, twelve new gas areas were indicated by the completion of the following twelve successful wildcat gas wells: Gulf States Bougie Creek No. 1, Imperial Pacific Kilkerran 12-31, Imperial Pacific Parkland 6-29, Phillips Kobes No. 1, Richfield Canadian Decalta Big Arrow Creek No. 1, Shell- Gulf Klua Creek No. 1, Texaco N.F.A. Boundary Lake No. 2, Texaco N.F.A. Boundary Lake No. 3, Texaco N.F.A. Buick Creek No. 10, Union Snyder Creek No. 1, White- Lloyd Alaskan Highway No. 1, and White-Lloyd Blueberry No. 9. 164 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 s a. O I « a E E K c IX c-c-sc * CC- rt *0 « £ rt "O rtrt rt J6 ■ 1_6B A c >> a B w ■■ S3 5? ■ £9 ....--' ..» « -, to w *. « „ I. ,, „ cn 3 •2 J £ fl £ fc rt £ rtrtrtrtrtrtrt-drtrtrt rtrtggrtrt cart «J« c a c ■ . 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S£..1."0<«ZO< Si* O 5 Z S Z O Z < C_i_LCl 5-.ZfcSSwSS< M tH r. <<< H H 2 o o rt o ih ffi Pi co co rt rt h-Jh-1 ^ M J* I-l 1-. '- "O "P "O a0 03 03 c »< < P? ** ■01322 c c^ „ 3 o g g ?_3_ ZZZZZZZZZ ooooooooo CJOOOOUUt-C- c4CQ<3CQcQ?jc4c4c4 ,uu ^ S3 c See rt O O H&5 oj w g rt rt _J u —3 I_3 w J_ aH . a e v M M _. rt rt rt «. ., J hJ J > -s b& &^ K S3 rt rt rt d 0 .& "O *a 13 o _, k c C C ^ "" ^j___.>> pHpqpqpqffiffi ,H^rtjj3DH « >. >. ; O - <33 C V 4) 0 sj SJ eJSJS 3 TP T) "d T3 *Q o o o o o aj o 4) a) u 166 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 WELL SAMPLES Unless otherwise directed, any operator who drills a well for petroleum or natural gas is required to take samples of the bit cuttings representing interval depths of 10 feet or lesser intervals. The samples are to be washed, dried, and accurately labelled, and shipped prepaid to the Department of Mines, Stratigraphic Laboratory, Victoria, B.C. The operator may be required to take samples by means of a core barrel. All cores taken must be put in suitable boxes, accurately labelled, must be properly protected and stored, and must be delivered as required. So far as possible, cores taken in 1956 were examined and logged in the field. All core from wells drilled in northeastern British Columbia is being stored in the Dawson Creek area. Those companies without core storage facilities in the Dawson Creek area may store their core in the Department of Mines core storage depot (Pan Abode building) in Pouce Coupe. Samples of well cuttings are received at the Stratigraphic Laboratory in Victoria at frequent intervals during the drilling of each well. A part of each 10-foot logged sample is washed, dried, and logged, and is then stored in a glass bottle in sequence with other samples from the same well, so that a complete set of samples from each well is available for examination. A part of each 10-foot sample is sent to the laboratory of the Geological Survey of Canada in Calgary. During 1956, 18,935 samples were washed and bottled in Victoria. Inspection of Lode Mines, Placer Mines, and Quarries By H. C. Hughes, Chief Inspector of Mines CONTENTS Production Fatal Accidents. Page _ 167 .. 167 Fatal Accidents and Accidents Involving Loss of Time 176 Dangerous Occurrences- Prosecutions Explosives Used in Mines Underground Diesel Equipment- Air-sampling 178 184 184 184 184 Dust Control and Ventilation 185 Mine-rescue, Safety, and First Aid 190 British Columbia Mining Association Safety Division 192 John T. Ryan Trophy 192 West Kootenay Mine Safety Association Trophy 193 PRODUCTION The output of metal mines for 1956 was 8,824,440 tons. This tonnage was produced from seventy mines, of which forty produced 100 tons or more. FATAL ACCIDENTS During 1956 there were fourteen fatal accidents connected with actual mining operations in metal mines and quarries. This was seven more than in 1955. There were 5,464 persons employed below and above ground in metal mines and 1,043 persons employed in concentrators in 1956. The ratio of fatal accidents per 1,000 persons employed in mines and concentrators was 2.15, as compared with 1.13 in 1955. Tonnage mined per fatal accident during the last ten-year period was 697,049 tons. The following table shows the mines at which fatal accidents occurred during 1956, with comparative figures for 1955:— Mine Mining Division Number of Fatal Accidents 1956 1955 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 Golden Fort Steele- 1 Revelstoke 3 1 Vancouver 1 Yreka Torbrit Silver - Skeena Liard. Atlin— Tulsequah - Big Bull - Atlin Totals 14 7 167 168 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The following table classifies fatal accidents as to cause and location:— Cause Number Location Fell over cliff at waste dump 1 Surface. Burned in bunk-house fire 1 Surface. Struck by rock from surface chute 1 Surface. Electrocuted 1 Underground. Drowned 1 Surface. Drawn into ore-pass by run of ore 3 Underground. Backed truck off dump 1 Surface. Crushed between car and post 1 Underground. Blasted 2 Underground. Overcome by gas 2 Underground. Total 14 A brief description of all fatal accidents follows. Thomas Meade, aged 55 years, Canadian, single, and employed as a miner at the Yreka mine, Quatsino, was instantly killed when he fell from the 1750 level dump to the rocks about 72 feet below on February 15th, 1956, at about 10.20 a.m. The 1750 level was started on the only small flat area available near that elevation. Cribbing was used to build up sufficient area for a dump, and a suitable working area had been laid out. The portal is reached by climbing down ladders on the cliff side from the 1900 level. The dump opening is about 20 feet long and a guard-rail is provided for the car to dump against to stop it from going over the cliff. There is also a ring on the car and a chain with a hook on it, attached to a tie. The hook is hooked into the ring as an additional precaution when the car is being dumped. The outer ends of the ties at the dump come to the edge of the cliff. The cliff slopes at 85 degrees for about 75 feet, after which the slope is flatter. An air trammer and a 3-ton Ajax side-dump car were used to haul muck from the tunnel. The only witness to the accident was Albin Danielson, who was handyman at the camp and an experienced miner. He went to the 1750 level about 10.10 a.m. to sharpen bits. Meade was taking the car into the tunnel with the air motor for his first trip. The motor was generally left underground to prevent freezing. When Meade came out he mentioned to Danielson that the muck was high grade and that some of it stuck to the bottom of the car. Danielson looked in and saw about 10 inches of muck in the car. (This would represent between one-half and 1 ton). Meade picked up a short-handled shovel and entered the car without moving it away from the dump. Danielson did not see Meade lock the dump handle, nor did he notice if the dump door was latched. He turned to his work and heard Meade scraping muck on the car bottom. He then heard the car dump, the shovel rattle, and a loud shout. He stepped to the portal end of the car and saw Meade strike on the rocks below. Help was obtained immediately, but when Meade was reached, about 800 feet below the portal, there was no sign of life. An inquest was held at Port Alice on February 17th and 18th, and the Coroner's jury returned the following verdict:— " We, the jury sworn to inquire into the death of Thomas Meade, miner, employed at Yreka Mines Limited, Quatsino Sound, find that Thomas Meade came to an accidental death between 10 and 10.20 a.m. from falling out of a mine dump wagon at the 1750 level, result of which he received multiple injuries. It would appear an extensive fracture of the right side of the skull resulted in instant death, the body being recovered at approximately 800 level. We feel that had the safety device provided on this dump wagon been used, this accident would have been avoided." INSPECTION OF MINES 169 John Ronning, aged 62, Canadian, and employed as a blacksmith at the Spider mine of the Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited at Camborne, was presumed to have been suffocated in a bunk-house fire at the Spider camp on May 13th, 1956, about 5.30 a.m. The bunk-house was a modern frame building, insulated-and sheathed with asbestos siding and an aluminium roof. It was 115 feet long and 30 feet wide and contained sixteen rooms, each accommodating two men. The rooms opened off a central corridor and there was a door to the outside at each end. About the centre of the building there was a washroom on one side of the corridor and a recreation-room and furnace-room, with an oil-fired furnace, on the other. The following evidence was brought out at the inquest:— About 12.30 a.m. on May 13th, 1956, Ronning and two other men were driven from Beaton to Camborne by taxi. Apparently all three men were under the influence of liquor; Ronning to the extent that he was not able to walk without assistance. They were left in the washroom and recreation-room of the bunk-house. About 5.30 a.m. one of the men in the bunk-house was awakened by smoke. He opened the door from his room to the hall, but the fire was so far advanced that he had to escape through the window. He turned in a fire alarm, which was answered promptly, and every attempt was made to extinguish the fire. However, it was so far advanced that it could only be prevented from spreading to other buildings. When the fire was put out, a body, so badly burned that it could not be recognized, was found where the recreation-room was located. A check of all men in the camp accounted for everyone but John Ronning. It is presumed that a match or cigarette was responsible for the fire, as there was no evidence to show that it started in the furnace- room. An inquest was held in Revelstoke on May 30th, 1956, and the Coroner's jury returned the following verdict:— " That the body that was found on the morning of the 13th day of May, 1956, in the remains of the bunk-house situated at the Sunshine Lardeau Mines, Beaton, British Columbia, is presumed to be that of John Ronning. " The deceased is presumed to have met his death on the 13th day of May, 1956, by suffocation caused by the intense smoke of the fire of unknown origin which destroyed said bunk-house on that date." Ivo Bortoluzzi, Italian, aged 27, single, and employed as a driller by Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited, died as a result of injuries received when he was struck on the head by a rock from the cirque chute at the open-pit mine on May 22nd, 1956, about 6.20 p.m. The cirque chute is 600 feet long and has an average slope of 34 to 35 degrees. It is constructed of semi-circular steel sections 42 inches in diameter and 12 feet long, the sections being joined by fish plates. The top end is widened out to form a lip, and the ore is pushed into the chute by a bulldozer. The lower end is open and the ore discharges on to a stockpile. Damage to chute sections by falling rock is fairly common and, depending on the dampness of the ore, hang-ups in the chute are of frequent occurrence. Thus it is necessary to have a small crew available to dislodge hang-ups and repair the chute at any time. Bortoluzzi was in this crew. Immediately before the accident, some ore had been sent down the chute and a hangup had occurred near the lower end. The shiftboss, Frank Clarke, was at the top of the chute and the maintenance crew at a point of safety near the lower end. Some large rocks were pushed down the chute in the hope of dislodging the hang-up, but without success. Steps were taken to have loose material cleared from the lip of the chute, and it was thought to be safe. The maintenance crew then made their way down alongside the chute toward the hang-up, when a rock, about 25 pounds in weight, rolled over the lip of the chute and went on down. Clarke shouted a warning to the maintenance crew, all of 170 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 whom apparently heard him. At this time Bortoluzzi was 97 feet from the lower end of the chute. The falling rock, by now travelling at a very high velocity, jumped out of the chute and struck him on the side of the head before he could get out of the way. He was immediately taken to the camp hospital but died of a fractured skull about four hours later, without regaining consciousness. An inquest was held at Cassiar on May 25th, 1956, and the jury returned the following verdict:— " Ivo Bortoluzzi came to his death at 9.35 p.m. on May 22nd as a result of being struck down by a falling rock while working approximately 97 feet from the bottom of Cassiar Asbestos Corporation's ore-chute leading from the top of McDame Mountain to the cirque. We recommend that (1) further safety education be undertaken with the men working, (2) have careful scaling be done at the top of the chute, and (3) a gate at the top of the chute be installed as soon as possible." In addition to the recommendations given in the verdict of the Coroner's jury, it is suggested that a warning system be installed to warn all personnel to keep clear when ore is being pushed into the chute and that the sides of the chute be scaled frequently to prevent rocks from rolling in, especially while the snow is melting. It was noted that Bortoluzzi was not wearing a hard hat at the time of the accident. This is something of a problem at Cassiar, since the strong and bitterly cold winds which frequently blow around the summit of the mountain often make it impractical to wear anything but a parka. In any case, it is very doubtful whether a hard hat would have saved Bortoluzzi in this case, since the rock struck him fairly low on the head. Alex. S. Chernoff, aged 44, Canadian, single, and employed as a first-class electrician by Canadian Exploration Limited, Salmo, was apparently instantly killed when he was electrocuted at No. 410 underground substation in the Jersey mine on July 26th, 1956, at about 11.30 a.m. Chernoff, in company with Earl Gilbert McLean, electrical foreman, arrived at the transformer-station about 11.25 a.m. A combination magnetic starter, formerly operating a fan motor, was to be removed for use elsewhere. Energy is supplied to this starter from a 440-volt 3-phase distribution panel containing five breaker switches. McLean lifted the lid and observed they were all in the " off " position except the top left-hand one, which controlled the lights in the transformer-station and near-by workings. McLean turned this switch off and then on again as a check of the "on " and " off " positions. (There is a certain amount of confusion with this type of distribution panel as the upper switches are " off " when up and the lower one " off " when down.) McLean lowered the panel cover and told Chernoff, who was beside him, to proceed with the removal of the starter. He then left the transformer-station to investigate a raise near by which would be their route of travel. Returning in about two minutes he found Chernoff lying on his back, his left hand grasping the end of three wires which he had apparently just removed from the starter box. McLean looked into the distribution panel and found the lower right-hand switch controlling the electricity to the starter in the " on " position. He turned it off and removed the wires from Chernoff. Help was obtained and artificial respiration applied until the arrival of Dr. Carpenter from Salmo about 1.10 p.m., who pronounced the man dead. The deceased was an experienced, qualified electrician and had worked for Canadian Exploration Limited for the past five years. There is no explanation as to why he turned on the breaker switch after McLean left, unless he checked the position and became confused. He had a tester with him but apparently did not use it. The autopsy showed an abrasion over the left eye and deep electrical burns on both hands. The doctor, after listening to the evidence, stated he believed that death was due to respiratory failure. INSPECTION OF MINES 171 An inquest was held at Salmo at 7.30 p.m. on August 1st, 1956, and the Coroner's jury returned the following verdict:— " We, the jury, find the deceased Alex. Sam Chernoff met his death by electrocution at the 410 substation located in the 4200 level of the Canadian Exploration Jersey Mine on July 26th at approximately 12 noon, 1956. Electrocution due to the deceased's mis- judgment of the switch controlling the current which fed the box on which he was working. This jury recommends that a more visual identification be used to determine the ' off ' and ' on ' position of the switches in these darkened areas." The recommendation of the jury is agreed with. The words " on " and " off " cannot be observed in this type of distribution panel after it has been in use underground for a short period. The difference in the " off " positions of the upper and lower switches is most confusing to a layman, and apparently in this case to a qualified electrician. The electrical superintendent of Canadian Exploration Limited pointed out that this type of distribution panel in use in Japan had installed in it little neon lights for each switch. He suggested that this might be incorporated in Canadian models. Another suggestion is that part of a switch be recessed behind a sliding door, which would have to be lifted to put a switch in the " on " position. The distribution panel in question had been approved by the Canadian Standards Association, and it is therefore recommended that the above suggestions be brought to the attention of that association. Harold M. Stanley, aged 46, Canadian, married, and employed as a truck-driver by Lipsack Enterprises Limited, was apparently drowned when the truck in which he was riding plunged into the Tulsequah River after failing to make the turn at the east end of the Tulsequah River bridge, on August 6th, 1956. Lipsack Enterprises Limited has a contract to haul ore from the Big Bull and Tulsequah Chief mines to the concentrator for the Cominco operations at Tulsequah. At the time of the accident, Stanley was riding as a passenger in the cab of a truck driven by his supervisor, Benjamin C. Montpellier, who is in charge of Lipsack operations at Tulsequah. They were hauling ore from the Big Bull mine to the mill, a total distance of 6 miles. The company-owned gravel road was in good condition and grades are not severe. The approach to the east end of the bridge is made around a gentle S-bend down a 10-per-cent grade, with a 90-degree turn at the lower end on to the bridge. The bridge itself is a pile trestle 15 feet wide, decked with 3- by 12-inch timbers, and with a 6- by 8-inch guard-rail on each side. The truck was a White W.C. 22 tandem vehicle of the " tagalong " type with four pairs of wheels at the rear end, the front two pairs being the driving wheels. The total weight of the loaded truck is about 20 tons, including a 15-ton ore load. Montpellier stated that as he approached the turn on to the bridge, at an estimated 20 miles per hour, he felt the front end of the vehicle tip up. He lost control of the vehicle and claims to remember nothing more until he was pulled out of the water. There were no other witnesses to the accident. Soon after, Harry Beckman, sawmill operator, drove on to the bridge and noticed a lot of water splashed on to it. He investigated and saw Montpellier clinging to some driftwood which had caught under the bridge. He obtained help and pulled him out, but Montpellier was incoherent, and it was not until they had taken him home that they learned that another man was in the truck at the time of the accident. Dragging operations finally located the truck lying on its side in 12 feet of water in midstream, to the north of the bridge. It was hauled out, but there was no sign of Stanley, nor could his body be found after dragging operations had been continued for several hours, under extremely difficult conditions. Because of this, no inquest has been held. The truck was in good mechanical condition. 172 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 On August 11th, 1956, Ippazio Damiano Seravezza, aged 26, Italian, single, and employed as a miner; Anton Ornatowiz, aged 38, Polish, married, and employed as a scraperman; and Leslie Horace Rogers, aged 52, Canadian, married, and employed as a shiftboss, died as a result of injuries received when the grizzly in 34-D stope in the Mineral King mine, near Invermere, gave way and they were drawn into the ore-pass below, together with the muck resting on the grizzly. The 34-D stope was a small stope which was being cut above the draw point from which the ore was to be drawn. The top of the draw point, about 6 by 8 feet, was covered with a grizzly constructed as follows: Two 8- by 8-inch bearing sets in hitches were placed at each end of the long dimension of the opening; three 8- by 8-inch timbers rested on the bearing sets and spanned the opening; and 6- by 8-inch timbers crossing the spanning timbers formed 16- by 18-inch openings. Access to the stope was by means of a short drift from 24 crosscut. The over-all dimensions of the stope were about 38 by 40 feet, and it was about 20 feet high from the grizzly to the back. The ore-pass, about 145 feet long, was driven from 34 crosscut about 110 feet below the bottom of the stope. Ore was drawn through a standard chute in 34 crosscut. At noon on August 11th, Seravezza completed the drilling and blasting of a total of ten holes in the stope above the grizzly. About 1.30 p.m., M. D. Plecash, the mine foreman, entered the stope and observed that no workmen were present and that the grizzly was covered with muck. He left the stope in search of the crew and, on finding Ornatowiz, instructed him to remove the electrical blasting equipment which had been used. Plecash then met the shiftboss, Rogers, and advised him of the condition of the stope. He instructed Rogers to assist Saravezza and Ornatowiz in opening the grizzly, and cautioned him to use care so as to avoid being drawn through the grizzly openings when the muck commenced to flow. He then went to look for Seravezza, but, as he was unable to find him, he returned to the stope to find it empty and the grizzly gone. On closer examination he found Seravezza hanging on his safety rope about 20 feet below the collar of the raise. Rescue operations were started immediately. Seravezza was drawn from the raise. He was dead, having received a severe blow on the head from a rock. Because of the large amount of loose rock at the raise collar and the shattered ground in the stope as a result of the blast, an attempt was made to get the men out by drawing muck from the chute. This resulted in a hang-up about 30 feet above the chute, and efforts were then directed to getting at the men from the top of the raise. The loose muck was cribbed up and a bulkhead put over the raise. It was also found necessary to erect a timber platform under the loose back in the stope. Assistance was asked for and received from the mine-rescue crew from the Giant Mascot mine and five timbermen from the Sullivan mine. It was necessary to remove the muck with water-buckets, which were passed up the raise and out of the stope through 24 crosscut. Ornatowiz's body was recovered at 5.30 a.m. on August 13th, and Roger's body about two hours later. The men were both dead when found. It is believed that when the grizzly caved the three men had either stepped on the broken muck covering it or were so close to the edge that they were swept down in the moving muck. An inquest was held in Invermere on August 16th, and the Coroner's jury returned the following verdict:— " We the jury empanelled to inquire into the deaths of Ippazzio Damiano Serravizza, Leslie Horace Rogers, and Anton Ornatowiz whose deaths were caused by an accident at the Mineral King mine situated 27 miles west of Invermere in the County of East Kootenay in the Province of British Columbia August 11th, 1956, at approximately 2 p.m. It is apparent that Ippazzio Damiano Serravizza died instantly as a result of a blow to the head by falling rock as a result of failure of a grizzly. INSPECTION OF MINES 173 " It is also apparent that Leslie Horace Rogers and Anton Ornatowiz met their deaths by exposure and shock caused by injuries sustained when they were buried by fallen rock as a result of the same grizzly collapsing. " Recommendations: We the jury strongly recommend that proper safety equipment be provided and maintained throughout the entire operation and that more adequate supervision of its use be given." The recommendation of the jury is concurred with. Rudolf Herbert Laber, aged 26, German, single, and employed as a diesel mechanic at the Cassiar Asbestos mine, died as a result of injuries received when a truck he was backing down a slope went over the edge of the 6160 bench and rolled 167 feet down the side of the mountain on August 20th, 1956, about 4.10 p.m. The 6160 bench is a new bench being started below the 6175 bench. Access from the 6175 bench is by a sloping ramp about 50 feet long and on a down grade of from 6 to 8 per cent. The truck was an International L-204, of 10-ton capacity, with dual rear wheels and fitted with an air braking system. On the day of the accident, the truck, after being loaded, had developed engine trouble and was parked near the head of the ramp to the 6160 bench. As the trouble necessitated a major repair job, with removal of the cylinder head, it was decided to unload it by dumping the ore at the face of the 6160 bench. Frank Clarke, shiftboss, arranged with a " Cat." driver, Aime Chagnon, to push the truck to the top of the ramp, from where it would roll down the slope in reverse to the face of the bench. Clarke was about to fetch a truck-driver to steer the truck when Chagnon pointed to Laber and said, " That fellow can steer it." Clarke asked Laber if he could do it and if he had a driver's licence, and he replied in the affirmative. Laber got in the cab and started the engine, but was immediately told to stop it as there was a bad knock. The air brakes were not available, but the ground was covered with stiff mud and the truck would only travel slowly. Chagnon slowly pushed the truck to the brow of the grade. As the truck began to run backward slowly down the grade, Laber steered it correctly at first and then turned the wheels so that the truck went back in the direction of the edge of the mountain. Chagnon shouted to him to swing the wheel over, but Laber paid no attention, and the vehicle, moving very slowly, continued to the edge, hung there for a few seconds and then went over, carrying Laber with it. It fell and slid 167 feet, and Laber was found pinned under the running-board and gas-tank. He was dead on arrival at the hospital. There seems to be no good explanation why he did not steer the truck correctly as he had had experience in driving heavy vehicles. An inquest was held at Cassiar on August 22nd, 1956, and the Coroner's jury returned the following verdict:— " Rudolf Herbert Laber came to his death by accident on McDame's Mountain on August 20th, 1956, at 4.10 p.m. We hold no one to blame as there appeared to be no hard and fast rule for operating vehicles at the mine. We of the jury recommend the following:— "(1) No person other than those with written authorization shall operate any motor-vehicle, caterpillar, or loader at the mine. Authorized persons shall operate only their own vehicles. "(2) Authorization must be carried at all times by the operator and must be shown on request. "(3) Authorization shall bear the signature of the test examiner. "(4) When a non-operative vehicle is being moved, a safety anchor or a winch should be attached from the machine to the vehicle and that a machine should have sufficient power to control both itself and the vehicle being moved. "(5) We recommend that these precautions be put into effect immediately. 174 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 "(6) In view of the possibility of future accidents, we recommend that a qualified first-aid man be stationed at the mine at all times." Keith Kavanagh, aged 27, Canadian, single, and employed as a mucking-machine operator by Torbrit Silver Mines Limited at Alice Arm, was instantly killed when he was apparently crushed between an ore-car and a post near a grizzly above the ore-pocket on the 800 level on August 29th, 1956, about 7.05 a.m. On the morning of the accident, Kavanagh was employed at his usual occupation of operating a mucking-machine at a draw point in 801 drift, tramming the full cars with a Mancha battery locomotive and dumping them on the grizzly near the shaft. The cars are of the Granby type and are 5 tons capacity. The track is a 2-foot gauge, and 30- pound rails are used. Forty-five feet back from the grizzly there is a switch with a weighted lever. It is normal practice for operators to stop their locomotives on either side of this switch and throw it, if necessary. At 7.05 a.m. J. R. McPhee, cage-tender, was at the 800 level pocket when he heard an unusual noise. On investigation he found a Granby car and battery locomotive derailed and partly overturned against a 6- by 6-inch concrete dam for deflecting water from the shaft. Turning to the right toward the grizzly, McPhee saw Kavanagh lying beside the track about 40 feet from the derailed car and locomotive. He appeared to be dead as he had a fractured skull and chest injuries. Help was obtained and Kavanagh was taken to the first-aid room. Here a further examination was carried out and there was no sign of life. It would appear either that Kavanagh fell off the locomotive, as it was going through an old door frame, and was crushed by the car which continued on, or that he dismounted while the locomotive was in motion, intending to turn the switch and jump on again. The motor was going in reverse and was ahead of the car. The controller was found stuck in the full reverse position. The dog engaging the spring which brings the control lever to the neutral position when the operator's hand is removed was found to be broken, but had been checked by the electrician and found to be in good order two days before. The general condition of the locomotive, car, track, and general area was satisfactory. An inquest was held at the mine on the afternoon of the accident, and the Coroner's jury returned the following verdict:— "We, the jury, find that at 7 a.m. on Wednesday, August 29th, 1956, on the 800 level at the Torbrit Silver mine, Keith Kavanagh met his death by accident. We recommend that:— "(1) A light be installed at the track switch by the grizzly. "(2) All recommendations made by the Government Inspector are carried out, and all safety regulations rigidly enforced." George Andrew Ludwick, aged 30, Canadian, married, and Thomas Bud Royko, aged 32, single, employed as miners by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company at the Tulsequah Chief mine, Tulsequah, were both instantly killed by a blast in 5247 drift South on November 25th, 1956, at about 2.30 a.m. The 5247 drift South is an 8- by 8-foot development drift on the 5200 level of the mine and, at the time of the accident, the face was partly in mineralized altered greenstone. On the night of the accident, Ludwick and Royko began work in the drift at 7 p.m., November 24th. They first mucked out one and a half cars and then proceeded to drill the next 5-foot round. They drilled thirty-six holes. At 9.45 p.m. they were visited by H. McDonald, the shiftboss, who found they were nearly drilled off and that everything appeared to be in order. He took their order for two cases of powder and thirty-four 7-foot fuses and left. About 1.30 a.m. two timbermen, D. Gillis and P. O'Rourke, had to do some timbering in the immediate area and noted that the round was drilled off and the face was quite dry. One man was making primers and the other was working on the track. At 2.05 a.m. K. Panter, a miner from the 5249 drift North, came into the place to check so that both crews could blast at 2.30 a.m. Panter noted that the round was INSPECTION OF MINES 175 loaded and the Thermalite connectors were in place on the fuses. (Fuses are supplied capped at one end and with a Thermalite connector at the other.) Ludwick and Royko agreed with Panter to light their round at 2.25 a.m. Panter returned to his heading and lit his round at the agreed time. He waited at the bottom of the 5200 service raise for a few minutes until he heard the first shots go off and then went out of the mine. The shiftboss, H. McDonald, on arriving at the surface, found that Ludwick and Royko were not in the dry. He immediately obtained help and went back underground. After some difficulty, due to dense smoke, the face of 5247 drift South was examined and the bodies of Ludwick and Royko were found. The men were apparently dead, and this was confirmed by the mine doctor when they were brought to the portal. After the arrival of the Inspector, the round was mucked out and all materials which might throw some light on the accident were carefully collected. The round consisted of thirty-six holes in all, 5 feet deep and 13/s inches in diameter. Four of the holes in the burned cut were not loaded, making a total of thirty-two holes. The explosive used was 75 per cent Forcite. A right back hole and left lifter had not been spit, and the fuses of these two holes were found with the Thermalite connectors cut off and the ends split by a knife ready for spitting. Twenty-eight cut fuse ends varying in length from 1 to 16 inches, with Thermalite connectors attached, were also found, as was an open pocket knife and four used hot wire lighters. The unused powder and fuses were accounted for. There was no sign of any Thermalite ignitercord. There seems little doubt that for some reason Ludwick and Royko departed from the usual practice at Tulsequah; that is, to use Thermalite ignitercord to fire all drift rounds. Instead, they trimmed the fuse, cutting off the connectors, and then attempted to spit each fuse with hot wire lighters and remained too long at the face. Both men were experienced miners, although they had only been employed at Tulsequah for eight weeks. Both were familiar with ignitercord, and had used it up to the time of the accident. An inquest was held in Tulsequah on December 8th, 1956. The Coroner's jury returned the following verdict:— " We, the jury, agree that death was accidental and we feel there was negligence on the part of the deceased because they trimmed the fuse. If you use Thermalite you do not trim the fuse. We feel in future any miners found trimming fuse should be immediately dismissed." William Lloyd McLellan, aged 36, Canadian, married, and Trevor Evans, aged 49, Canadian, married, and both employed as timbermen by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, at the Sullivan mine, Kimberley, died as a result of being asphyxiated in 36-165 raise between the hours of 11 a.m. and 2.30 p.m. on December 4th, 1956. On day shift of December 4th, McLellan and Evans were assigned the task of removing two old chutes at 36-185 raise. In order to remove the loose muck before tearing out the chutes, they were supplied with a motor and two cars, as the muck had to be trammed about 800 feet to the ore dump. The 36-165 raise is about midway between the 36-185 raise and the ore dump. The 36-165 raise and 36-163 raise had been driven to service a stope which is now backfilled with waste and sulphide tailings. Two concrete seals had been put in the sub- drifts from the raises to the stope for sulphur dioxide fume control. Six weeks before, the ventilation crew had checked the seals. No leaks were found, nor was any sulphur dioxide detected in the adjacent workings. At 9.50 a.m. on the day of the accident, the shiftboss, Bill Muir, visited the working- place and spoke to the two men. Everything was in order. At about 1 p.m. Muir again visited the working-place. The motor and ore car were gone and he presumed the men were at the dump emptying a car. As the men did not report off at the end of the shift, Muir and another man went to search for them. A light was seen in 36-165 raise, and L 176 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Muir climbed up to investigate, but had to retreat because of bad air. Compressed air was turned into the raise, and Muir went for Chemox equipment and phoned for the doctor and additional assistance. Chemox equipment was put on and the men were removed from a platform about 36 feet up the raise. No pulse was evident, but artificial respiration and oxygen therapy were applied until the arrival of the doctor, who pronounced the men dead. Air samples taken after the compressed air had been blowing for about an hour gave 8 per cent oxygen at the top of the raise, 12 per cent at the face of the lower seal, and 17 per cent at the platform where the men were found. For four days after the accident the air was tested and progressively decreasing amounts of oxygen were found, until on December 9th the oxygen content of the air at the platform decreased to 3 Yz per cent. Only negligible amounts of carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide were found in any of the analyses. All evidence pointed to the fact that the men had thought the platform in 36-165 raise a good place to eat lunch as it was out of a strong current of air in the drift below. (Their lunch-boxes were found on the platform.) They had been overcome by a lack of oxygen and had died as a result. An inquest was held, and the final sitting, postponed to get the results of air samples and blood analysis, was held on January 9th, 1957. The jury returned the following verdict:— " We, the jury, summoned to enquire into the cause of the deaths of Trevor Evans and William Lloyd McLellan, hereby find that Trevor Evans and William McLellan met their death on December 4th, 1956, between the hours of 11 a.m. and 2.50 p.m., on the platform at the junction of 36-165 raise and 36-163 Sub E situated off 3653 XCE in the Sullivan mine, situated in the County of Kootenay, in the Province of British Columbia. " We also find that the death of Trevor Evans and William Lloyd McLellan was due to carbon monoxide poisoning assisted by a very low concentration of oxygen in the air. "Riders:— " No. 1. We, the jury, recommend that all non-working areas be fenced off and signs be posted designating non-entry. "No. 2. We, the jury, recommend that suitable eating places be made available to the mine employees. " No. 3. We, the jury, recommend that the rules governing the insertion and removal of clock number pegs be strictly enforced. "No. 4. We, the jury, recommend that William Muir and Frank C. Lowes be commended for their prompt action following the discovery of the accident." We do not agree that death was due to carbon monoxide poisoning as no evidence of a sufficient concentration was obtained. Both men were old employees of the company, McLellan having worked for seventeen years and Evans for thirteen. FATAL ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS INVOLVING LOSS OF TIME Fourteen fatal accidents and 180 accidents involving a loss of time of seven days or more were reported to the Department. These were investigated and reported on by the Inspectors of Mines. The following three tables classify these accidents as to cause, occupation, and as to parts of the body injured. INSPECTION OF MINES 177 Accidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to Cause Number of Percentage Cause Accidents of Total Blasting 9 4.6 Breaking of staging, ladders 2 1.0 Falls of ground 36 18.6 Falls of material and flying material 11 5.8 Falls from ladders, staging, etc 2 1.0 Slipping and falling 28 14.4 Lifting and handling material 61 31.4 Machinery and tools 28 14.4 Run of ore or waste 3 1.6 Burns and shock 3 1.6 Gassed 2 1.0 Miscellaneous 9 4.6 Totals 194 100.0 Accidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to the Occupation of Those Injured Occupation Underground— Chutemen Haulagemen Miners Muckers Timbermen Repairmen Trackmen and pipe-fitters. Skip-tenders Miscellaneous Supervisors and staff 2 Surface— Shops Mill Surface, general 12 Quarries Totals 194 100.0 Number of Accidents Percentage of Total l 0.5 . 13 6.7 103 53.2 . 13 6.7 11 5.7 2 1.0 3 1.5 2 1.0 13 6.7 2 1.0 11 5.7 6 3.1 12 6.2 2 1.0 178 report of the minister of mines, 1956 Accidents Causing Injury Classified as to Parts of the Body Injured Location Head and neck Eyes Trunk Number of Accidents Percentage of Total 7 3.6 3 1.5 32 16.5 . 26 13.4 . 11 5.7 . 34 17.5 . 50 25.8 11 5.7 4 2.1 2 1.0 14 7.2 Back (including shoulders) Arms (including wrists) 11 Hands and fingers 34 Legs and ankles 1 Feet Toes Shock. Fatal Totals . 194 100.0 DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES Thirty-four dangerous occurrences were reported as required by section 9 of the " Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act" and investigated by the Inspectors of Mines. Of these occurrences, seventeen were connected with shafts and hoisting, seven with mine fires on the surface, four with explosives, two with caves, two with runs of muck or rockslides, one with haulage, and one with electricity. The following table lists these occurrences, together with the names of the mines where they occurred and brief details of each:— INSPECTION OF MINES Dangerous Occurrences, 1956 179 Date Mine Cause Hoisting Haulage Explosives Fire Cave Electrical Rock- slide Remarks Jan. 20 Jan. 30 Feb. 8 Feb. 17 Feb. 26 Feb. 29 Mar. 2 Mar. 7 Mar. 27 Apr. 4 Apr. 12 Apr. 13 Apr. 15 Apr. 22 May 9 May 9 May 30 June 15 June 20 July 1 July 12 Aug. Oct. 19 3 Oct. 9 Oct. Oct. 22 22 Oct. 30 Nov. 12 Nov. 17 Nov. 20 Nov. 23 Dec. 5 Dec. 11 Dec. 18 H.B Bralorne Bralorne Pioneer Canadian Exploration Bralorne Bralorne.. Canadian Exploration Iron Hill Bralorne ._ Reeves MacDonald Blue Grouse. Britannia Bralorne- Spider Silver Giant Britannia _ Sullivan _ Highland-Bell- _ Clayburn— — Pioneer _. Bralorne Pioneer H.B - Emerald Copper Mountain... Bralorne Yreka Premier — Premier Aurum Reeves MacDonald Mineral King Canadian Exploration Totals 17 7 2 1 Bulldoze detonated near small explosive storage. Skip lowered on closed spill doors in Crown shaft. Rope damaged by blast. Head sheave broke in No. 3 shaft. Fire destroyed small lunch building. Cage stopped suddenly, bounce engaged dogs, slack cable kinked. Hoistman let cage drop on bulkhead. Rope came off sheave due to ice. Power-house destroyed by Are. 815 feet of 3-conductor armoured cable dropped down Crown shaft. Draw-bar pin dropped out, causing cars to jack-knife. Fire completely destroyed office, warehouse, dry, machine-shop. No. 1 shaft cage lowered on to temporary bulkhead. Empire shaft brakes applied too quickly. Fire destroyed compressor and buildings at No. 10 portal. Bail broke on No. 2 skip. Deepened holes by drilling in bootlegs. Burns received by arc while testing electrical equipment. Power-house adjoining mill damaged by fire. Section of mine 80 by 200 feet caved in. Cage hung up on broken timber in No. 2 shaft. Kink found in rope in Queen shaft. Cage and skip pulled through overwind. Cage jammed on diamond-drill rod which fell down shaft. Failure to properly guard blast. Oxygen cylinder on surface caught fire. Cage fell in Queen shaft—failure of interlock while being repaired. Timber crib failed and sliding rock damaged surface tramway. Cable clamps pulled into sheave wheel. Mill, warehouse, compressor-house, and repair-shop destroyed by fire. Violent braking engaged safety dogs, rope destroyed. Broken steel struck explosive in bootleg. Muck caved over draw point, partially burying two men. Run of wet ore in underground crushing chamber. Grand total, 34. A detailed description of each occurrence follows. On January 20th, 1956, in a slusher drift of the H.B. mine a bulldoze charge fired in the throat of a draw hole detonated a small explosive storage 50 feet away. Apparently the storage was detonated by the impact of a rock which ricocheted from the blast area. 180 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 On January 30th, 1956, the warning light indicating to the hoistman that the spill doors at the 1900 level pocket in the Crown shaft at the Bralorne mine were closed failed. The cage-skip combination was lowered on to the doors, and between 80 and 100 feet of hoisting rope coiled on top of the cage. The uncoiling of the rope was done under competent supervision, and no damage to the rope or the cage- skip combination resulted. On February 8th, 1956, the rope in the sinking compartment of the Queen shaft at the Bralorne mine was damaged by a blast. Three wires were severed and others were nicked. The damage occurred during blasting operations at the 2900 level station. The bucket had not been raised above the level, nor was the protective bulkhead strong enough to withstand the blast. On February 17th, 1956, the shaft of the head sheave in the East compartment of the No. 3 shaft at the Pioneer mine failed. The head sheave was a 73-inch bicycle- type sheave mounted on roller bearings. The shaft was made of heat-treated chrome steel with a minimum yield point of 90,000 pounds per square inch. The sheave had been in use about seven and one-half years and had hoisted 288,461 tons of muck. The cause of the failure was attributed to the poor design of the shaft and to corrosion. The defective design, which was due to the fact that there was no fillet between the large section comprising the hub of the sheave and the smaller sections for the bearings, was corrected in the new shaft. On February 26th, 1956, fire of unknown origin destroyed a small lunchroom at the portal of the No. 5 conveyor adit at Canadian Exploration Limited, Salmo. The building was heated by an oil stove. It was the regulation distance from the portal, and no other damage was done. On February 29th, 1956, the hoistman, lowering a crew in the south compartment of the Crown shaft at the Bralorne mine, for some unknown reason suddenly stopped the hoist. The sudden stop caused the cage to bounce and the slack rope allowed the safety dogs to engage the guides. The hoistman, in trying to lower the cage again, coiled about 60 feet of rope on top of it before he realized what was wrong. He then lifted the cage and lowered it to the 2500 level. Upon examination the rope was found to be kinked at one point. The hoistman had had only three weeks on his own prior to the accident. On March 2nd, 1956, the skip in the No. 2 compartment of the Queen shaft at the Bralorne mine was dropped out of control on to a bulkhead below the 31 level pocket. At the time of the accident the No. 1 compartment was used for sinking, and the No. 2 used to hoist men and materials and was equipped with a skip. Muck was also handled in the No. 2 compartment and, when this was done, the loaded sinking bucket in the No. 1 compartment was used as a counterweight. The hoist had 36- by 24-inch drums and was equipped with mechanical hand-operated brakes and clutches of the axial- plate type. It also had track-limit switches, man-safety switches, and an overspeed-limit switch linked to the hoist shaft. Investigation revealed that the No. 2 compartment clutch had slipped on previous occasions, due in part to oil and grease getting on the clutch plates and in part to overloading the hoist. On this occasion the hoistman failed to apply the hand-brake in time to prevent the skip from striking the bulkhead, although its speed must have been somewhat retarded. The hoist had been serviced earlier in the day and the clutch was found to be operating satisfactorily. This hoist has been replaced by a larger one with interlocking gravity air engine-operated post brakes, internal expanding jaw-type clutches, and a dynamic braking system. On March 7th, 1956, the rope came off a flat-lying sheave wheel on the surface incline to the No. 5 conveyor adit at Canadian Exploration Limited, Salmo. This was due to ice building up in the groove. Men were being hoisted at the time. The rope was damaged for some 200 feet and had to be discarded. A shed has been built over the sheave-wheel. INSPECTION OF MINES 181 On March 27th, 1956, a fire broke out in the power-house at the Argonaut mine and the building and contents were completely destroyed. The plant was running with an operator on duty, but the fire-extinguishing chemical apparatus available failed to control it. A bulk gasoline storage tank containing about 750 gallons was located on the hillside just above the power-house. Apparently a gasoline line was allowing gas to seep into the building. The gas was ignited by sparking in the generators. The heat of the fire melted diesel-fuel lines, and this fuel was added to the fire. On April 4th, 1956, 815 feet of 3-conductor armoured 5-kilovolt cable was dropped down the Crown shaft at the Bralorne mine. The cable was to be installed in the shaft between the 2000 and 2500 levels. One end was fastened to the skip by clamps, and the cable was to be pulled up the shaft until it had all been removed from the reel, and then lowered down the manway compartment. The cable slipped from the clamps after it had been pulled some distance up the shaft. The weight of the free end unwound some cable from the reel before it was pulled against the shaft timbers. The bottom half of the cable was damaged, but no damage was done to the shaft. The failure was attributed to the stretching of the neoprene jacket after the clamps had been tightened. On April 12th, 1956, workmen were being transported in a train along the 1900 level of the Reeves MacDonald mine. The pin connecting the draw-bar of the first car to the locomotive dropped out, allowing the draw-bar to drop between the rails. The sudden stop caused the cars to " jack-knife." An improper draw-bar pin had been used. On April 13th, 1956, fire broke out in a large two-story building which housed the office, warehouse, dry, repair-shop, and core-shed at the Blue Grouse mine. The building was heated by a barrel-type wood stove set on a concrete slab. Fire-fighting equipment consisted of two 2-inch hoses and chemical extinguishers. The building and contents were completely destroyed, but the near-by compressor-house and portal shed were unharmed. On April 15th, 1956, the cage in the west compartment of No. 1 shaft in the Britannia mine was lowered on to a temporary safety bulkhead near the 2,000-foot level. Slack cable was let out and a kink developed in the rope. The bulkhead was used to work on the deck on top of the east compartment cage. The cages operate in balance. At the end of the shift the crew signalled the hoistman to raise the east cage to the 1050 level, without removing the bulkhead, thereby causing the west cage to drop on to it. No one was injured. On April 22nd, 1956, the hoistman at the Empire shaft in the Bralorne mine applied the brakes too quickly, causing the safety dogs of the cage-skip combination to engage the guides in the north compartment. He did not immediately realize what had happened and let out an additional 20 feet of rope before stopping the hoist. He then rewound the slack rope and so caused a kink to form in the rope. On May 9th fire of unknown origin completely destroyed the compressor building and contents at the No. 10 portal of the Spider mine. No one was on the site and no one observed the fire. The portal sets were damaged slightly. On May 9th, 1956, the bail of the No. 2 skip in the shaft at the Silver Giant mine broke while muck was being hoisted. An examination revealed a flaw in the channel iron 4 inches below the point where the safety-dog mechanism was bolted to it. Minor damage was done to the shaft timbers. On May 30th, 1956, two miners were drilling a crosscut round with jack-leg machines at the Britannia mine. Several holes appeared to be drilled by deepening bootlegs from the previous round. One such hole contained explosives which were detonated during drilling. Both men were slightly injured. Their blasting certificates were suspended for six months. On June 15th, 1956, an electrician received electrical burns in the 2850 crushing- chamber at the Sullivan mine. A relay, connected across the load side of a magnetic contactor controlling a 150-horsepower 550-volt motor, was presumed to have an inter- 182 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 mittent open circuit. To test the operation of the relay, the electrician attempted to connect a pair of jumpers from the relay terminals to the supply side of a 100-ampere main switch. The relay was still connected to the 150-horsepower motor, which was not running. The motor, through the jumpers and relay leads, drew its starting current of several hundred amperes, producing an arc at the 100-ampere switch where the electrician was attempting to make the connection. On June 20th, 1956, at about 8.10 a.m. a fire was discovered in the engine-room at the Highland-Bell mill. The fire was caused by a break in the fuel-line leading to an oil furnace used as a pre-heater to raise the temperature of water used in the flotation circuits. The diesel engine in the power-house was not operating at the time. Due to prompt action, damage was confined to the wall of the mill and to the electrical control panel. During the week-end of July 1st, 1956, at the fireclay mine of the Clayburn Company Limited, near Abbotsford, a section of the mine about 80 by 200 feet caved in. The mine is worked by room and pillar. The rooms and haulageways are 14 feet wide and up to 18 feet high. Pillars are approximately 50 feet square. Timbering in the haulage- ways is done with regular drift sets, and in the rooms with roof bolting. Prior to the cave-in the ground was known to be working and water was seeping in through cracks in the roof. The fact that the pillars in the caved area were considerably smaller than those in the rest of the mine was responsible for the caving. On July 12th, 1956, at the beginning of the day shift at the Pioneer mine, the No. 2 shaft hoistman reported that he thought the west compartment cage was hung up. Upon investigation the cage was found supported on a broken post which was lying across a divider and wall plate a few sets below the 2300 level. The safety dogs had engaged and there was 40 feet of slack rope. The rope was kinked. The previous hoistman reported that, prior to going off shift, he had lowered the west side cage to bring the hoist in balance, which is normal shaft practice. The cage could have settled on the post at this time without the hoistman being aware of it. The shaft timber was closely checked and was repaired where necessary. The timber was installed in 1935. On August 19th, 1956, a kink was found about 245 feet above the skip in the rope in the north compartment of the Queen shaft at the Bralorne mine during a routine inspection. The kinked portion was cut off before either men or materials were handled. No reason could be found for the kink having formed. On October 3rd, 1956, the cage-skip combination in the west compartment of the No. 2 shaft at the Pioneer mine was pulled through the overwind limit above the 900 level internal dump, resulting in extensive damage to the skip and three sets of timber. The 900 level dump is conventional except that it can be swung out of the compartment when required. It was protected by an overwind limit which was automatically put in operation when the dump was swung into the shaft. The Lilly control was not set to retard the hoist when the skip was close to the dump, but a bell in the hoistroom warned the hoistman of the skip's approach. The investigation revealed the overwind limit had to be manually set each time the dump was swung into the shaft; the warning bell in the hoistroom did not ring loud enough to be always heard by the hoistman, and the hoistman did not always check the safety devices before using the dump. To prevent a repetition of this accident, the dump is now provided with a retardation limit and two overwind limits. The warning bell was adjusted to ring louder. On October 9th, 1956, the cage in the H.B. mine shaft became jammed. A short diamond-drill rod was found between the cage and the guide. This rod must have fallen down the shaft some time previously. Special instructions were issued by the management to prevent a recurrence. On October 22nd, 1956, a miner on the 2200 level of the Reeves MacDonald mine entered a blast area which had not been properly guarded. The miners responsible had their blasting certificates suspended for six months by the Inspector, as well as being laid off for one week by their employer. INSPECTION OF MINES 183 On October 22nd, 1956, a fire started at an acetylene cylinder on the 3170 track near the car-repair shop at the Copper Mountain mine. The operator had brought a full bottle of acetylene from the surface skip and had hooked up his hoses and regulator. He then walked about 20 feet to an old mine car which was to be scrapped, lit his torch, and was about to start burning when he heard a roar behind him. Turning around he found the acetylene cylinder on fire. The fire was quickly put out by a carbon dioxide extinguisher. The fusible plug had blown out of the cylinder and the regulator and hose were badly damaged. The operator was experienced and claimed all equipment appeared to be in good order when he started working. On October 30th, 1956, in the Queen shaft at the Bralorne mine the hoist drum serving the No. 2 compartment became disengaged from both clutch and brake. The No. 2 compartment skip dropped to a point just above the 3300 level before being brought to rest by the safety dogs and the 3300 bulkhead. The rope continued to unwind from the drum and had started to rewind when it was sheared by the sharp edge of the drum where it was connected to it. The entire length dropped on top of the cage. The accident happened while adjustments were being made to the brake, and the hoistman noticed that the teeth of the jaw clutch were not fully engaged. He released the clutch to set it properly just as the mechanic removed the locking pin in the brake engine, thereby releasing the brake. Neither clutch nor brake could be re-engaged. Damage was confined to the lower pair of guide rollers, the safety catch, one kink in the rope, and the 3300 level bulkhead. On November 12th, 1956, a timber crib holding waste rock at the Yreka mine failed, causing a rockslide. The slide missed all the portals, but crossed the slack-line aerial tramway and did considerable damage to it. No one was injured. On November 17th, 1956, the muck skip in the Premier Border shaft was hoisted so high that the cable clips entered the sheave-wheel. Three guides, one footwall divider, and some hanging rods were broken. No damage was done to the rope, skip, or sheave. Previous to the incident the hoistman was hoisting from No. 7 level halfway down the shaft with the skip and cage in balance. He received a signal from the cage-tender to go to the No. 8 or bottom level and neglected to adjust the skip before lowering the cage. The overwind did not cut off the power and later was found to have an electrical fault. New limit switches had been on order for some time. On November 20th, 1956, the Silbak Premier mill, warehouse, compressor-house, and repair-shops were completely destroyed by fire. The fire was caused by the failure of a pressurized fuel-hose supplying fuel-oil to a pre-heating torch, which was being used to pre-heat the mandrel and shaft of the gyratory crusher preparatory to zincing them together. The fuel-oil, under 90 pounds pressure, spread rapidly and was ignited by the heat. The fire caught the bottom of a covered incline skipway and ran with the updraught to the top of the skipway and ignited the surface buildings around No. 4 level portal. An alarm was sounded and all fire-fighting equipment brought into action. Fire-doors in the mine were closed and all men underground were immediately withdrawn via No. 6 level portal. About ten minutes after fire-fighting was commenced the main water-line broke and pressure was greatly reduced. However, the fire was prevented from spreading to the office and bunk-house. Total damage was estimated by the company to be $750,000. On November 23rd, 1956, an overspeed test was run on the hoist in the Aurum mine. During the test, due to the violent application of the brakes, the safety dogs in the No. 2 compartment engaged the guides. Not suspecting this, the hoistman unwound rope from the corresponding drum when he started the hoist in balance. He continued to let out rope until informed by telephone that the rope was coming out into a shaft station, whereupon he rewound the rope again. In doing so the rope became looped around the upper framework of the skip and, when pulled taut, damaged the rope considerably. 184 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 On December 5th, 1956, a miner on the 2200 level of the Reeves MacDonald mine was injured by flying rock as a result of a blast which occurred when the drill steel of his air-leg machine broke and the broken shank struck concealed explosive left in the burned cut of the previous round. The face had been thoroughly washed down, but a small amount of explosive must have remained in the " frozen " cut. On December 9th, 1956, the mine geologist and a visitor were crossing the 34a stope in the Mineral King mine. As they were passing over No. 4 draw-point, a run of muck in the raise caused the muck to subside over the draw-point. Both men were drawn in and partially buried, but were extricated with very minor injuries. On December 18th, 1956, a run of wet ore took place in the coarse-ore chute in the underground crushing chamber at the Canadian Exploration Limited operations near Salmo. The steel operating platform collapsed, but the two workmen in attendance were able to retreat to a place of safety. PROSECUTIONS There were no prosecutions in metalliferous mines and quarries in 1956. Several violations of the provisions of the " Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act " in regard to the use of explosives and blasting procedure resulted in the offenders having their blasting certificates suspended for various periods, according to the type of offence. EXPLOSIVES USED IN MINES The table below shows the quantities of explosives and blasting accessories used in metal mines and quarries in British Columbia in 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, and 1956:— 1952 Total 1953 Total 1954 Total 1955 Total 1956 Total 1956 Mines Quarries High explosives (lb.)_ Blasting-capS- Electric blasting-caps Delay electric blasting-caps (short period) Delay electric blasting-caps (sure-fire delays ) „_ Primacord (ft.)~ B-line detonating fuse (ft.)_ Safety fuse (ft.) Ignitercord (ft.)_ Ignitercord connectors.. 9,935,946 3,159,900 166,740 250,649 205,140 522,000 22,754,200 146,600 114,100 9,237,700 1,890,000 141,000 182,771 138,055 647,000 17,679,000 142,000 114,000 I 7,652,574 1,815,250 232,270 191,513 70,300 824,000 13,429,800 206,180 160,501 8,420,791 1,982,900 151,685 283,000 144,875 399,000 17,744,900 418,800 371,000 8,560,000 2,184,000 52,000 205,000 263,000 226,000 2,436,000 17,218,000 498,000 563,000 8,117,000 2,069,000 42,000 190,000 263,000 166,000 1,715,000 16,601,000 498,000 563,000 443,000 115,000 10,000 15,000 60,000 721,000 617,000 UNDERGROUND DIESEL EQUIPMENT There was no significant change in underground diesel equipment in 1956. The ventilation requirements and procedure for sampling and analysing exhaust gases and mine air have resulted in satisfactory working conditions being maintained where this equipment is used. AIR-SAMPLING The use of modern portable equipment for the analysis of mine air and diesel exhaust gases has practically eliminated the necessity for sampling by vacuum bottles and analysis by laboratory methods in metalliferous mines. However, in order to check special conditions, a few samples were taken by vacuum bottles and analysed in company laboratories. INSPECTION OF MINES 185 DUST CONTROL AND VENTILATION Problems in dust control and ventilation have continued to receive the attention of mine operators and Government departments. Dust counts and ventilation surveys were made by the staff of the Chief Inspector, Silicosis Branch of the Workmen's Compensation Board, and the results of these surveys made available to the Inspectors of Mines. The results of this work for 1956 have been summarized by the Chief Inspector of the Silicosis Branch. Because of the importance of the work, most of this summary is given here, in order to make it readily available to those in the industry interested in dust control, and also those who may be exposed to silica dust. " Summary of Dust Conditions at British Columbia Metalliferous Mines during the Year 1956 "During the year 1956, seventy-nine ventilation and dust control inspections were made at the metalliferous mines in British Columbia. These were made in the underground workings, crushing plants, assay grinding rooms, and open pits at fifty-one properties, twenty-eight of which were inspected twice. One inspection was made in each of three plants that quarry and crush rock. Two inspections were made at one asbestos mine, the mill being inspected twice and the mine once, as no mining operations were being performed when the survey was made in March. These inspections were made to determine the dust concentrations at the various operations where there was exposure to dust, the general underground ventilation, the condition of exhaust systems, and other measures adopted for the prevention and elimination of dust. Recommendations and instructions were given for preventive measures to be adopted, and for any installations considered necessary to improve conditions found to be unsatisfactory. The rock dust concentrations were obtained with the konimeter and the asbestos dust concentrations with the midget impinger. The procedures followed are similar to those used with the konimeter in Ontario and with the impinger at the asbestos mines in Quebec. The averages of the dust counts are obtained by adding all counts found in the operations under that heading and dividing that sum by the number of samples taken. " General "When rock is mined, handled, or crushed, dust is produced. The hazard from breathing this dust varies with the concentration and the silica content. A dust concentration of 300 particles per cc. of air is frequently referred to in our reports. It has been chosen as an objective to work towards. If the average of the dust counts at any one operation has been kept below this figure, there has been a definite effort made to observe the known dust preventive and elimination measures. Some operations still produce higher averages than 300 particles, such as stoper drilling operations, and no known practical method has yet been found that will lower the averages below this figure. " The figure of 300 particles per cc. of air is not chosen as representing a condition that would be considered safe in preventing silicosis. It is not known what figure could be chosen as being a safe limit at the present time. It simply means that a great deal of effort and money have been spent on ventilation and dust preventive measures to obtain this result. It is a very great improvement over conditions in the past. " It must be remembered that the averages given on the subsequent pages do not give an accurate representation of the conditions at each mine throughout the year. Various factors change the conditions. In the mines where ventilation is by natural means, the volume of air passing through the workings will vary with the seasons, also from day to night and even reverse in direction when surface temperature changes are sufficient. These changes in air volume and its direction of flow as well as changes in the amount J 86 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 and kind of work performed will cause variations in the dust concentrations. Surface crushing plants and assay grinding rooms will show a decided variation from several causes. The wetness of the rock coming to the plant and the state of repair in which the exhaust system is kept are the most important factors. The carefulness of the operators in seeing that proper use and care of these exhaust systems is a third factor. Consequently the averages represent the conditions at the time of survey only. " However, the dust samples are taken with the purpose of obtaining, as accurately as possible, a picture of the conditions at the time the survey is made. At the larger mines the survey covers a period of from two to four weeks and does give a fairly accurate record of the conditions existing. At the medium-sized mine a week or more is spent. One day is the general time spent at the smallest operations, and the record is not representative of the conditions throughout the year. With all these variations, it is surprising to note that the averages in any one mine remain fairly constant from year to year. " The greater number of dust samples are taken where the men are working and the remainder in atmospheres where the men spend a portion of their time. Occasionally, additional samples are taken to obtain further information. These may be to show the difference in dust production of two or more types of drilling-machines, to show that dust is escaping from exhaust systems, or to show that some abnormal condition exists. " Dust Concentrations "A short summary of the conditions found during the year is given below and compared with the results obtained during recent past years. " 1. Stoper Drilling Operations.—Stoper drilling operations produced the most consistently higher dust concentrations during the time the men were working. The modern- type drills, both stoper and leyner, have automatic throttles which turn on the water- supply with the air, larger water-tubes which supply more water to the drill, and closer . tolerances on the water-tubes which prevent the leakage of air down the drill steel. These features have been instrumental in lowering the amount of dust dispersed into the atmosphere from that dispersed by the older-type drills. The counts at these locations used to be 2,000 or more particles per cc of air, but now a considerable number of mines obtain an average of less than 1,000 particles per cc of air. The percentage of surveys where the averages were 1,000 or less particles during the past seven years are given here for the purpose of comparison. Percentage of Percentage of Surveys Giving Surveys Giving Less than 1,000 Less than 1,000 Year P.P.C.C.ofAir Year P.P.C.C.ofAir 1950 59% 1954 36% 1951 43% 1955 40% 1952 62% 1956 70% 1953 50% " 2. Leyner, Jackleg, and Plugger Drilling Operations.—These operations produce the next higher dust concentrations when the men are working underground and used to produce slightly less than 2,000 particles per cc of air. At the present time, most of the mines produce less than 1,000 particles per cc The percentage of surveys where the averages were 500 or less particles during the past seven years are given here for the purpose of comparison. Year 1950 1951 Percentage of Surveys Giving Less than 500 P.P.C.C.ofAir 56% __ 54% 61% Year 1954__ 1955 Percentage of Surveys Giving Less than 500 P.P.C.C.ofAir 49% 60% 1952 1956 55% 1953 45% . INSPECTION OF MINES 187 2000 < 1500 u. o 6 o Q_ Ul o. 1000 U r- o_ < CL U- O CC UJ CD _» __> Z 500 300 1 I I I LEGEND STOPER DRILLING LEYNER DRILLING ALL OTHERS UNDERGROUND CRUSHING PLANTS ASSAY GRINDING ROOMS J_L I I I TT TT 1937 40 45 50 YEAR 1955 Figure 16. Average dust counts obtained each year since 1937. "3. All Other Underground Locations.—The averages given under this heading are of all the dust counts obtained underground except at drilling operations. They represent the average dust concentration that the greater number of men are subjected to and are taken at the operations of mucking, hoisting, tramming, timbering, nipping, drawing ore from chutes, scraping, slushing, bulldozing, etc., and in drifts, crosscuts, and stopes where the men spend a portion of their time. The greater majority of the seventy-five surveys made during the year gave averages of less than 300 particles per cc of air. It is interesting to note how fairly constant this average has remained during the past seven years. These percentages are given below for each of the years. 188 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Percentage of Percentage of Surveys Giving Surveys Giving Less than 300 Less than 300 Year P.P.C.C.ofAir Year P.P.C.C.ofAir 1950 82% 1954 76% 1951 78% 1955 77% 1952 81 % 1956 81 % 1953 83 % " 4. Crushing Plants.—Forty-eight surveys were made in crushing plants during the year. There was a larger percentage of surveys where averages of less than 300 particles were obtained than for several years past. These percentages for the past seven years are given here for the purpose of comparison. Percentage of Percentage of Surveys Giving Surveys Giving Less than 300 Less than 300 Year P.P.C.C.ofAir Year P.P.C.C.ofAir 1950 46% 1954 54% 1951 52% 1955 64% 1952 27% 1956 67% 1953 53 % " 5. Assay Grinding Rooms.—Exhaust systems are necessary in assay grinding rooms to keep the dust concentrations at a low figure. The rock that is handled is in a dry condition and dust is very easily dispersed into the room atmosphere. Thirty-one surveys of such rooms were made during the year and 71 per cent of them gave an average dust concentration of less than 300 particles per cc of air. The percentages for the past seven years are given below for the purpose of comparison. Percentage of Percentage of Surveys Giving Surveys Giving Less than 300 Less than 300 Year P.P.C.C.ofAir Year P.P.C.C.ofAir 1950 54% 1954 61% 1951 63% 1955 82% 1952 53% 1956 71% 1953 61 % " Certificates of Fitness "Under the silicosis provisions of the Act, workmen in certain categories of work require an annual medical examination. The certificates of fitness issued to the workmen are to be kept at the office of the employer. In 1954 we were given the responsibility of checking these certificates against the list of workmen at each property to determine if this provision of the Act was being observed. The work was started late in 1954 and has continued since then. On account of the late start in 1954, the number of certificates checked during that year was small. Below is given a summary of the number of workmen who required medical examinations and the percentage of these men for whom the employers held the required certificates of fitness. Number of Men Percentage of Who Required Certificates Held Year Certificates by Employers 1954 1757 85.6% 1955 5617 88.3% 1956 6453 95.8 % " Summary " 1. Seventy-nine inspections were made at metalliferous mines during 1956. Fifty- one mining operations were inspected and twenty-eight of these were inspected the second time. INSPECTION OF MINES 189 " 2. It is not known what concentration of silica dust is considered safe to breathe without producing silicosis as several other factors besides the dust concentration must be taken into consideration. The main object of this inspection work is to lower the amount of dust breathed by the workmen as much as possible. The figure of 300 particles per cc. of air has been chosen as an objective to work towards. When this figure is attained, it indicates a very great improvement over conditions existing several years ago. "3. Blasting operations produce a large amount of dust, but the workmen are generally not subjected to this dust or subjected to it for short periods of time only. Most of the blasting operations can be done at the end of the shifts and allow sufficient time for ventilation to remove the dust from the workings before the following shift goes to work. Some blasting operations, such as in chutes, may be considered necessary so that the production of ore is not interfered with, but this should be reduced to the very minimum. "4. Stoper drilling operations consistently produce the highest concentrations of dust during the time the men are working. The counts used to be 2,000 or more particles per cc. of air. Seventy per cent of the surveys made this year gave averages of less than 1,000 particles. "5. At leyner, jackleg, and plugger drilling operations the dust concentrations are not as high as at stoper drilling operations. Eighty-six per cent of the surveys gave averages of less than 1,000 particles per cc of air. Since most of the surveys gave less than 1,000 particles, it is probably better to adopt the figure of 500 particles for the purpose of comparison. Fifty-five per cent of the surveys gave averages of less than 500 particles per cc of air. " 6. The averages for 'All Other Underground Locations ' are very satisfactory. Eighty-one per cent of the surveys made during the year gave averages of less than 300 particles per cc. of air. The percentages for the past seven years have remained fairly constant, varying between 76 and 83 per cent. This condition is particularly satisfactory when considering the fact that the great majority of the men work in this lower dust concentration. "7. In 1952 the dust concentrations in some of the crushing plants were not satisfactory. During 1953 and subsequent years, a special effort was made to get these back in line and satisfactory results have been obtained. Sixty-seven per cent of the surveys made in 1956 gave averages of less than 300 particles per cc of air. " 8. Seventy-one per cent of the surveys made in assay grinding rooms gave averages of less than 300 particles per cc. of air. This is very satisfactory, as it is the second highest percentage that has been obtained during the past seven years. " 9. The main measures for dust prevention and elimination are receiving good attention at the mine. The more important of these are good ventilation, thorough wetting of the rock before it is handled in any manner, not subjecting the workmen to dust and fumes from blasting operations, using good exhaust systems in crushing plants and in assay grinding rooms, etc. Full application of all these measures at all times has not been obtained in all instances, but the results obtained have been quite satisfactory. " 10. The percentage of certificates of fitness held by the employers for their workmen who require a medical examination has steadily increased during the past three years. In 1956, certificates for 95.8 per cent of the workmen who require same were held by the employers. This is a satisfactory performance as there are numerous difficulties to be overcome. One mine was penalized for failure to comply with the requirements. "11. Aluminium-powder prophylaxis treatments for the prevention of silicosis were given at eight mines during the year. No aluminium-therapy treatments were given at the Rehabilitation Clinic of the Workmen's Compensation Board in Vancouver to men who have silicosis. 190 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 " 12. Figure 16 is a graph showing the median of all the averages obtained each year since 1937." MINE-RESCUE, SAFETY, AND FIRST AID During 1956 the mine-rescue stations at Cumberland, Princeton, and Fernie were fully maintained with modern equipment, and an instructor, qualified in mine-rescue and first aid, was on duty at each station. Each station is equipped with several sets of McCaa 2-hour self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus, at least one set of Chemox 1-hour self-contained breathing apparatus, all-service gas masks, self-rescuers, methane and carbon monoxide detectors of the latest type, one or more H.H. inhalators, and a complete supply of first-aid equipment. Supplies and facilities for charging and servicing all this equipment are maintained. Training in the use of mine-rescue equipment is given at all stations to all who apply for it, and fully trained mine-rescue teams are given regular monthly practice-training as a unit, not only to keep them familiar with the use of the machines, but to teach them the value of teamwork in mine-rescue operations. The mobile mine-rescue unit stationed at Nelson in 1950 continued to be of great assistance in promoting and giving instruction in mine-rescue and first aid at mines tributary to that centre. It is proposed to put a similar unit in the Princeton area in 1957 to serve the mines in central and southern British Columbia. Classes in first aid were held at the following mines and localities: Princeton, Copper Mountain, Ainsworth, Riondel, Canadian Exploration mine, H.B. mine, Salmo, Giant Mascot, Mineral King, Nelson, Balfour, Procter, and Fernie. At these localities a total of 363 seniors and eighty-five juniors took first-aid courses, and a number of candidates for industrial certificates were given assistance. Mine-:escue courses were given at Remac, Canadian Exploration, H.B. mine, Yale Lead & Zinc, Giant Mascot mine, Riondel, Fernie, and Princeton. Two emergency calls for mine-rescue equipment were handled by the Fernie station. On February 16th, smoke and an odour were found issuing from the old working in No. 1 East mine, Elk River Colliery. Apparatus was immediately taken to the mine. After an investigation by the Inspector of Mines and the mine officials, it was decided to seal off the area. The last two stoppings had to be erected by men wearing McCaa apparatus. On luly 20th a gob fire in "A" West, Michel Colliery, necessitated bringing apparatus to that mine. In this case, seals were put up without the use of mine-rescue apparatus, but the apparatus was retained on the site until all work necessary to control the fire was completed. The Princeton mine-rescue station was made available to the St. John Ambulance Association for lectures and instruction in first aid, and the Similkameen Branch of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy made use of the lecture-room for meetings held throughout the year. The building was also used by the Motor-vehicle Branch for the purpose of giving drivers' examinations. In addition to the mine-rescue equipment maintained at the Government mine- rescue stations, there are several complete sets of McCaa and Chemox apparatus at the Sullivan mine, a set of McCaa at Copper Mountain, and complete sets of Chemox at Wells, the Bridge River camp, Britannia, Riondel, and the Canadian Exploration camp. Minor amoun.s of mine-rescue equipment are kept at Tulsequah, the Toric mine at Alice Arm, the Giant Mascot mine at Spillimacheen, and the Yale Lead & Zinc mine at Ainsworth. This equipment is periodically checked by one of the instructors. A certificate of competency in mine-rescue work is granted to each man who takes the full train ng course and passes the examination set by the Department of Mines. During 1955, in addition to the regular teams in training, seventy-five men took the full course and were granted certificates as follows:— INSPECTION OF MINES 191 Certificate No. Name Where Trained Certificate No. Name Where Trained 2858 Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Spillimacheen. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Kimberley. Michel. Natal. Natal. Natal. Natal. Riondel. Riondel. 2896 2897 2898 2899 2900 2901 2902 2903 2904 2905 2906 2907 2908 2909 2910 2911 2912 2913 2914 2915 2916 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 2922 2923 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 John Sigfrid Johnson Edward Willis Grove _ Bela M. Dudas Arthur James Hill Charles Allen 2859 2860 2861 Julius L. Bodor Thomas Henery Cross Riondel. Riondel. 2862 2863 Donald Harold Fatum Stanley T. Fish _ Wells. 2864 George Heldt Robert Walton Wells. 2865 2866 George Gordon Futcher Wells. Wells. 2867 Wells. 2868 Wells. 2869 Albert Taillefer Wells. 2870 2871 Gordon W. McCool 2872 John Hungle Willard Kreitz 2873 Howard Duncan Seymour Donald Stuart Robert James Willox William Wymer Victor Albert Marunchuk William Albert G. Yerbury... Thomas Victor Mewson Charles Manfred Chappell James Gold Paterson _ George Walter Steacy George James Kalmakav 2874 2875 2876 2877 William John Melnechenko Robert E. Miller Alvin Harold Crittenden Copper Mountain. Copper Mountain. Pioneer Mine. 2878 2879 2880 Ronald Cracknell Muir Pioneer Mine. 2881 2882 William John Sawchuk. Pioneer Mine. 2883 2884 Philip Lawrence Graham.... Reid Woodrow Gardiner Alex Wlasiuk Arthur Bennett 2885 2886 2887 2888 John William Rogers Douglas Irving Morgan Spencer Morgan, Jr Roland Arthur Desharnais Philias George Gauthier Peter Paul Wiatrowicz Louis Maida Daniel Howard McDonald — 2889 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 Eligio Deno Lozza Ronald White Murray P. Brown Karl Heinke „ Alex McCulloch Charles H. Scholz John E. White Fernie. Fernie. Wells. Wells. Wells. Wells. Wells. The Mine Safety Associations in the different centres of the Province, sponsored by the Department of Mines and aided by company engineers and officials, safety supervisors, Inspectors of Mines, and mine-rescue instructors, continued to promote mine-rescue, first aid, and safety education in their respective districts. First-aid and mine-rescue competitions were held at Princeton, Cumberland, Riondel, Chapman Camp, Wells, Britannia, and Bridge River. A Provincial mine-rescue competition, in which winning teams from all the centres competed, was held in Nelson. A special trophy for this Provincial competition was donated by the Department of Mines. The problems for these competitions are set by the Department of Mines, and the judges are chosen from the staff of Inspectors and mine-rescue instructors. The Similkameen Valley Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at Princeton on June 2nd, 1956. Two teams from Copper Mountain and a visiting team from Tsable River took part in this competition. The Tsable River team, captained by William High, took first place. The Vancouver Island Mine Safety Association held its annual competition in Cumberland on June 9th, 1956. Three teams competed—two from Tsable River and a visiting team from Copper Mountain. The winning team was from Copper Mountain and was captained by Luke Kirby. The West Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at the Bluebell mine at Riondel. Five teams took part in this competition—two from the Bluebell mine, one from Canadian Exploration Ltd., one from the H.B. mine, and one from the Yale Lead & Zinc mine. The H.B. team, captained by Norman Anderson, took first place. 192 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The East Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at Chapman Camp. Six teams took part in this competition—two from Michel, two from Kimberley, one from Coal Creek, and one from Fernie. First place was won by the Kimberley No. 1 team, captained by T. O. Bloomer. The Central British Columbia Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at Wells on June 30th, 1956. Four teams took part in this competition. They represented Britannia, Bralorne, Cariboo Gold Quartz, and Pioneer mines. The Bralorne team, captained by James Greer, took first place. Arrangements were made to have a Provincial mine-rescue competition in which the winning teams from the five local associations would have an opportunity to compete. This competition was held at Lakeside Park in Nelson on September 8th, 1956. The five winning teams competed and the event was won by the Kimberley team, captained by T. O. Bloomer. At all meets, except the Provincial and the Central British Columbia meets, competitions were held in first aid as well as mine-rescue work. In all these competitions, events were held for women and juniors. Representatives from other industries and organizations not necessarily directly connected with mining also participated. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINING ASSOCIATION SAFETY DIVISION In 1955 the Mining Association of British Columbia set up a Safety Division with the object of promoting and assisting in establishing and maintaining effective safety programmes at its member mines. This work was carried on throughout 1956. Supervisor training courses were given, and visits made to member mines where meetings were held with supervisors and reports made giving recommendations on practices and conditions found at these mines. Monthly accident statistics were compiled and issued to member mines. The programme proposed for next year includes visits to the member mines, courses on job instruction and safety training, the use of films as visual aids to safety, and the circulation of current accident costs as supplied by the Workmen's Compensation Board. The Safety Division reports that there was a decrease of 17 per cent in the frequency of all types of accidents for all member mines. JOHN T. RYAN TROPHY The John T. Ryan Regional Safety Award for the metal mine with the lowest accident-frequency record for 1955 was won by the Copper Mountain mine of the Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited at Copper Mountain. In winning this trophy, the Copper Mountain mine had the lowest accident frequency ever achieved by a Ryan Trophy winner in British Columbia. The award was presented to the officials and crew at the annual mine-rescue and first-aid competition of the Similkameen Valley Mine Safety Association, which was held in Princeton on June 2nd, 1956. The 1955 regional safety award for coal mines was won by the Tsable River mine of Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, near Cumberland, and was presented to the officials and crew at the annual first-aid and mine-rescue competition of the Vancouver Island Mine Safety Association held in Cumberland on June 9th, 1956. The regional trophy for metal mines for 1956 was again won by the Copper Mountain mine. The Granby Company is to be congratulated on winning this award two years in succession. The regional trophy for coal mines for 1956 was again won by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, the Tsable River mine, near Cumberland. A good safety pro- INSPECTION OF MINES 193 gramme put on by the company two years ago is undoubtedly responsible for this fine showing. WEST KOOTENAY MINE SAFETY ASSOCIATION TROPHY Because the West Kootenay District contains many small mines not eligible for the John T. Ryan Safety Awards, and in order to encourage and promote safety in these operations, the West Kootenay Mine Safety Association in 1951 donated a safety trophy for annual competition. In 1955 the area covered by this award was extended to take in all southern British Columbia, and further extended in 1956 to include the whole Province. The award is made to the mine having the lowest accident rate and working a total of from 2,500 to 3,000 shifts per year, one-third of these having been worked underground. An accident is taken as one which involves more than four days' loss of time. In 1956 the award was won by the Slocan Van Roi mine near Silverton, and was presented at a joint meeting of the West Kootenay Mine Safety Association and the Nelson Branch of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy held in Nelson on February 9th, 1957. Coal By Robert B. Bonar, Senior Inspector of Coal Mines CONTENTS Production— page Output and per Capita Production, 1956 196 Collieries of Vancouver Island District 196 Collieries of the Nicola-Princeton District 196 Collieries of the Northern District 196 Collieries of the East Kootenay District 197 Output and per Capita Production in Various Districts, 1956 197 Output per Man-shift, Underground Mines, 1946-56 197 Collieries—Production, 1956 198 Collieries—Men Employed, 1956 199 Coal-preparation Plants 200 Coke-making 200 Briquetting 200 Labour and Employment 200 Competition from Coal Produced Outside of British Columbia 200 Accidents in and around Coal Mines 200 Explosives 205 Machine-mined Coal 206 Safety Lamps 206 Electricity. 206 Ventilation 206 Methane Detection 207 Air-sampling 207 Inspection Committees 207 Coal Dust 207 Diesel Locomotives 207 Millisecond Delay Detonators 207 Dangerous Occurrences 208 Bumps and Outbursts 208 Prosecutions 208 Supervision of Coal Mines 209 " Coal Sales Act " (Registered Names of British Columbia Coals) 209 Board of Examiners for Coal-mine Officials— First-, Second-, and Third-class Certificates and Mine Surveyors' Certificates 209 Examinations for Certificates of Competency as Coal-miners 209 Notes on Coal Mines— Vancouver Island Inspection District 211 Nanaimo 211 North Wellington 212 Comox 213 Nicola-Princeton Inspection District 214 Princeton 214 Coalmont 215 Merritt 215 East Kootenay Inspection District 215 Northern Inspection District 224 Telkwa 224 Peace River. 225 195 196 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 PRODUCTION The output of the collieries is given in short tons. The gross output of the coal mines of the Province for the year 1956 was 1,589,398 tons, an increase of 105,332 tons or 7.1 per cent over 1955. A total of 488,964 tons came from strip mines at Michel, Tent Mountain (near Corbin), and Blakeburn. The Vancouver Island District produced 200,347 tons, a decrease of 9,437 tons or 4.5 per cent from 1955. The Northern District production was 13,195 tons, a decrease of 21,915 tons or 62.4 per cent from 1955. The Nicola-Princeton District production was 73,272 tons, a decrease of 1,462 tons or 1.1 per cent from 1955. The East Kootenay District production was 1,302,584 tons, an increase of 138,146 tons or 11.9 per cent over 1955. Output and per Capita Production, 1956 Colliery and Mine Gross Output Mined during Year (Tons)i Days Worked Total Number of Employees Daily Output per Employee (Tons) Yearly Output per Employee (Tons) Number of Employees Underground Daily Output per Underground Employee (Tons) Yearly Output per Underground Employee (Tons) Tsable River Colliery Chambers No. 5 mine Loudon No. 6 mine Lewis mine (Timberlands) Carruthers and Wakelam No. 3 Stronach No. 2 mine Wellington Blue Flame (Timber- lands) Undun mine Big Flame mine — Taylor-Burson mine (Blue Flame) Coldwater Coal mine Mullin's strip mine (Blakeburn).... Bulkley Valley Collieries Reschke mine... Gething No. 3 mine Elk River Colliery Michel Colliery (underground)..... Michel Colliery (strip) Coleman Collieries (strip) 195,081 1,562 735 897 480 617 338 547 90 3,078 1,170 69,024 8,553 3,105 1,537 299,182 583,462 305,490 114,450 230 119 156 286 198 171 81 148 80 176 258 258 150 222 180 239 248 248 230 3.68 848 214 3.96 5 2.63 312 4 3.28 3 1.60 245 2 2.35 2 1.57 448 2 1.57 2 1.21 240 2 1.21 4 0.80 154 3 1.20 1 4.17 338 1 4.17 2 1.85 273 2 1.85 2 0.56 45 2 0.56 8 2.18 385 7 2.50 4 1.13 .0 . 3 1.51 12 22.29 5,752 25 2.28 342 20 2.85 10 1.40 310 9 1.55 8 1.06 192 7 1.11 300 4.17 997 225 5.56 686 3.43 851 464 5.07 44 28.91 6,943 18 6,353 851 390 367 448 240 206 33. 273 45 439 390 428 345 219 1,329 1,257 Collieries of Vancouver Island District The output of Vancouver Island collieries was 200,347 tons. Of this amount, 28,838 tons or 14.3 per cent was rejected in preparation for market and 389 tons or 0.19 per cent was used by the operating companies as fuel under boilers, etc. The total sales amounted to 172,140 tons, and 1,020 tons was taken from stocks. Of the amount sold in competitive market, 171,751 tons was sold in Canada and 389 tons sold in the United States. Collieries of the Nicola-Princeton District The gross total of 73,272 tons produced in the collieries of the Nicola-Princeton District was sold in Canada. Collieries of the Northern District The gross total of 13,195 tons produced in the collieries of the Northern District was sold in Canada. COAL Collieries of the East Kootenay District 197 The gross output of the collieries in the East Kootenay District was 1,302,584 tons. Of this amount, 142,169 tons or 10.9 per cent was rejected in preparation for market, 19,518 tons or 1.5 per cent was used as fuel under company boilers, etc., and 248,595 tons was used in making coke. Of the amount sold in competitive market, 793,601 tons was sold in Canada and 96,499 tons was sold in the United States. Output and per Capita Production in the Various Districts, 1956 District Gross Output Mined during Year (Tons) Total Number of Employees at Producing Collieries Yearly Output per Employee (Tons) Number of Men Employed Underground in Producing Collieries Yearly Output per Underground Employee (Tons) 200,347 4,248 13,195 882,644 251 12 43 986 798 354 306 895 232 10 37 689 864 424 356 1,281 1,110,434 1,292 860 968 1,147 Note.—The above table deals only with coal mined from underground operations. Coal-stripping operations and the men employed at strip mines are not included. Output per Man-shift, Underground Mines, 1946-56 Year Man-shifts1 Tonnage Average per Man-shift (Tons) 1946 596,631 496,727 434.074 520,188 460,159 442,170 383,422 333,922 280,353 304,139 307,821 1,463,640 1,485,476 1,281,530 1,589,131 1,481,813 1,434,974 1,388,732 1,171,932 1,064,023 1,157,813 1,110,434 2.45 1947 - 2 99 1948 - 2 95 1949 1950 .... — ... 3.05 3.22 1951 1952 3.24 3 62 1953 3 51 1954 3.79 1955 3 86 1956 3.61 1 Includes both surface and underground workers. 198 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 03 z o H H B. O X _o H U 2 H Q Z < tn w 5 ~ o U >* _q z" g H 2 2 H Q z < z o u Q o p. 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X : t cs 0 I E cs c Z t B c c 5 1 cn •a □ « U ■O 6 H u 1 E u 3 P. « 2 E OO .S E ii *._ 1 1 1 n U 'C :/. s ■0 a cc Ih u > O Q £ rt > « 0 H 4- V 'C *■ /— s I u 5 ._ (E a. s_ ■ aj flj C ° E u c Z C t- B PC c > rt ' a_ c 1 G C 0 i. a « 3 ■c c c i- - _ _- B 1 E .£• I 1 u 'C s a o U .5 £ h o o z c H u HI o a | I 1 Z 0 > 4 > > a, 5 PC a c I V Pi a c 1 en 1 u 0 s s 1) 0 Z _^* ..: 0 H 4a u 1 1. >. " _ o a U *. , g « __ p, > tn 1- £ w u sz p c )- b a •s; c > i- ."* c 1 £ i 1 % t > r* u i c c z t 'C ' CA S3 0 u s a u q 0 S >» rt C u O o S3 LU VI rt O H OJ u c ■> o a. c V II 4. 0 -s c (1 200 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Coal-preparation Plants There were no additions or extensive alterations made to existing plants in 1956. For full details of plants see 1954 Annual Report. COKE-MAKING Coke is made at only one plant in the Province, that of the Michel Colliery, The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, Fernie. There were no alterations or extensions made at this plant during the year. For full details see 1954 Annual Report. Briquetting In the third week of February, 1954, the first successful briquetting plant in the Province was brought into production on a twenty-four-hour basis at the Michel Colliery of The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, Fernie. The plant comprises two Comarck-Greaves units and has a capacity of 50 tons per hour. It utilizes slack coal from both the Elk River and Michel Collieries. For further details of this plant see 1954 Annual Report. LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT In 1956, 1,366 persons were employed in and about the coal mines of the Province, a decrease of 112 from 1955. Because of the five-day week in force throughout the Province at the larger mines, and the legal holidays, the maximum number of working-days is 251. In the Vancouver Island District the one large mine, the Tsable River mine, worked 230 days. In the East Kootenay District the Michel and Elk River Collieries worked 248 and 239 days respectively. COMPETITION FROM COAL PRODUCED OUTSIDE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA In 1956 the shipment of Alberta coal and briquettes to British Columbia totalled 860,329 and 32,535 tons respectively. The following table shows the amount of Alberta coal brought into British Columbia during the past ten years:— Year Short Tons Year Short Tons 1947 899,403 1952 1,021,484 1948 945,700 1953 859,385 1949 891,132 1954 891,194 1950 873,558 1955 932,764 1951 898,533 1956 860,329 Of the 1,148,707 tons of British Columbia coal marketed, 374,603 tons was sold for domestic and industrial use in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Yukon Territory; 385,811 tons was sold for railroad use in Canada; 96,888 tons was exported to the United States; and 4,790 tons was sold for ships' bunkers. The amount sold for domestic and industrial use in the Province was 286,615 tons. ACCIDENTS IN AND AROUND COAL MINES In 1956 six fatal accidents occurred, as compared with five in 1955. The number of fatal accidents per 1,000 persons (underground and strip-mine personnel) employed was 4.39, compared with 3.38 in 1955, 0.69 in 1954, 3.22 in 1953, 1.78 in 1952, 3.11 in 1951, 2.21 in 1950, 0.43 in 1949, 2.04 in 1948, and 0.82 in 1947. The average for the ten-year period was 2.06. The number of fatal accidents per 1,000,000 gross tons of coal (underground and strip-mine coal) produced in 1956 was 3.77, compared with 3.44 in 1955. COAL 201 The following table shows the collieries at which fatal accidents occurred in 1956, with comparative figures for 1955:— Name of Company Name of Colliery 1956 1955 2 2 2 1 Flic River Cnllipry 4 Tsable River - . — - Totals 6 5 The following three tables classify the fatal accidents in coal mines as to cause, quantity of coal per accident, and inspection districts:— Fatal Accidents Classified as to Cause Cause 1956 Number Per Cent 1955 Number Per Cent By falls of roof and coal- Collapse of roof supports .... Asphyxiated by outburst of coal- Haulage (underground) Switching railroad cars Totals 16.67 33.33 16.67 33.33_ loo.otT 40.00 40.00 20.00 100.00 Fatal Accidents, Underground Mines, Classified as to Quantity of Coal Mined Cause 1956 Number of Fatal Accidents Coal Mined per Fatal Accident 1955 Number of Fatal Accidents Coal Mined per Fatal Accident By falls of roof and coal- Collapse of roof supports- Asphyxiated by outburst of coal- Haulage (underground) Switching railroad cars Totals Tons 1,110,434 555,217 1,110,434 555,217 ~J85fifT Tons 578,906 578,906 1,157,813 231,562 Note.—There were no fatal accidents in strip-mining operations in the years 1956 and 1955. Fatal Accidents Classified as to Inspection Districts Number of Deaths from Accidents Totals District Falls of Roof and Coal Collapse of Roof Supports Asphyxiated by Outburst of Coal Haulage (Underground) Switching Railroad Cars 1956 1955 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 — 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 6 Province, 1955_.. 5 202 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Ratio of Fatal Accidents, Underground Mines Accident Death Rate District Per 1,000 Persons Employed Per 1,000,000 Tons of Coal Mined 1956 1955 1956 1955 8.03 4.05 4.64 9.98 4.53 5.54 4.65 3.55 5.43 Province, 1955 . . 4.32 In 1956 there were six fatal accidents at the mines in the Province, two of which occurred above ground and four underground. On January 21st, 1956, at about 1.30 a.m., Andrew Paskewitch, Polish, aged 55, married, and employed as a loaderman on the surface at the Michel Colliery, was fatally injured when he was crushed between two railway cars. He died on arrival at the hospital about 2.05 a.m. Paskewitch was in the act of lowering a loaded gondola of coke on the No. 2 track to three loaded stationary cars about 300 feet below the coke tipple on No. 1 track. He was riding on the forward platform of the moving car in order to operate the brake wheel. When the cars came together the couplings did not engage, thus allowing the ends of the cars to come very close together and crush Paskewitch. He received severe injuries in the region of the pelvis and abdomen. Investigation of the accident revealed that the last of the three cars, which had been lowered on the No. 3 track on the previous shift, had not cleared the No. 3 track switch, thus allowing a deviation in the alignment of the two cars of about 18 inches, an amount sufficient to allow the couplings to by-pass one another instead of connecting. On March 14th, 1956, at about 9.25 a.m., Duane Pelletier, Canadian, aged 21 years, single, and employed as a rope-rider at No. 9 mine, Elk River Colliery, was apparently killed instantly when he was run over by a trip of five loaded cars on No. 5 slope. There was no witness to the actual accident, but investigation immediately following the arrival of the trip at the top of the slope without a rope-rider led to finding Pelletier's body 43 feet above a curve at the lower section of the slope. The body was found partly on the track and appeared to have been run over by some of the cars. There were indications that the cars had been derailed 16 feet above the curve (or 27 feet below where the body was found); the deceased's pocket watch and smashed helmet was found at this point. Apparently Pelletier was riding on the front bumper of the first car and for some unknown reason, possibly the derailment, fell off and was run over by the trip. The trip was travelling very slowly and the clearances in the area were normal. On June 21st, 1956, at about 8 p.m., Donald Winters, Canadian, aged 26 years, married, and employed as a box-car handler at the Michel Colliery was apparently killed instantly when he was crushed between two railway cars at the Michel Colliery preparation plant. From evidence brought out at the investigation, Winters had dropped a car down from No. 6 track and it stuck on the switch leading to No. 5 track. Failing to move the car by the use of pinch-bars, Winters then attempted to move it by bumping it with the next car in line. He rode the front end of the car used for this purpose and was apparently crushed between the brake wheels of the two cars as the cars came into contact. The couplings of the two cars did not engage because the cars were not in alignment. COAL 203 On July 6th, 1956, at about 7.30 p.m., Henry L. Ellison, aged 59, married, and employed as a miner by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, was fatally injured when he was struck by a fall of face coal in the Tsable River mine. Ellison and his partner were engaged in putting up a set of timber at the face of a crosscut. The left-hand leg had been put up and secured and Ellison had just taken a measurement for the right-hand leg. He turned away from the face when a large piece of coal sloughed off the face and struck him on the lower back. He was removed to the Cumberland General Hospital immediately and, on the advice of the doctor, was taken to the Vancouver General Hospital the following morning. He died on July 14th, 1956, at about 1.15 a.m. Ellison and his partner had tested the face prior to commencing to erect the set of timber and had found it, in their judgment, to be sound. The crosscut was partly surrounded by gob area, and it is thought probable that the ever-present squeeze accompanying pillar extraction had induced a slip in the coal parallel and ahead of the face. This would account for the coal sloughing off. On November 5th, 1956, at about 10.20 p.m., Herman Hula, German, aged 29 years, married, and employed as a miner in No. 9 mine, Elk River Colliery, was apparently instantly killed by a fall of ground when the supporting timbers collapsed. Hula and his partner were engaged in extracting a pillar by skipping or slabbing a pillar on the advance. The skip was about lOYz feet wide and had been advanced approximately 50 feet on the low side pillar of No. 16 room, No. 1 slope section, when the last three sets of timber at the face collapsed, resulting in a fall of ground that buried both men. A slip in the roof contributed to the accident. On December 31st, 1956, at about 8 p.m., Frank E. Dixon, aged 40 years, Canadian, married, and employed as a fireboss at the Tsable River mine by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, was fatally injured when he was struck by a fall of ground. The accident occurred at the face of the crosscut off No. 2 Right level, No. 1 slope section, where preparations were being made to drive a counter level to the right and left off the crosscut simultaneously. The last three sets of timber had been underlined by two bridge-sticks, the legs of which were 3Yz feet apart at the face of the crosscut and lOYz feet apart at the outer end. This tapering of the bridge-sticks was made in order to allow room for the Joy loader to operate efficiently to the right and left from the crosscut in starting off these places. On the day prior to the accident the right legs of the three supported sets were removed and a round of shots drilled and blasted to form the opening cut of the level to the right. On the day of the accident the three left legs of these sets were removed and a round drilled in the left side. As far as could be determined, the collar bracing was not replaced when any of the legs were removed. Dixon, the fireboss, with the assistance of three miners was at the face loading the round, when suddenly, and without warning, the three last sets of timber together with their supporting bridge-sticks collapsed. Dixon was buried and fatally injured. Of the other three men, one suffered a broken ankle. Including the foregoing fatal accidents, 352 accidents involving loss of seven days or more were reported to the Department by the management of the various mines. All those accidents were investigated and reported on by the District Inspectors of Mines. The following three tables classify the accidents in coal mines in 1956 as to occupation of the men involved, as to cause, and as to injury. The fatal accidents are included in the totals:— 204 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Accidents Classified as to Occupation Occupation Underground— Miners Number of Accidents 166 Percentage of Accidents 47.16 Drillers and facemen Haulage and conveyormen 78 22.16 Trackmen and mechanics 17 4.83 Supervisors _ 13 3.69 Timbermen _ __ 8 2 2.27 Coal-cutters , _ , 0.57 Miscellaneous .. Surface— Shops 9 9 2.56 2.56 Surface _ _ - 25 7.10 Preparation and coke-ovens Miscellaneous 24 1 352 6.82 0.28 Totals 100.00 Accidents Classified as to Cause Number of Percentage of Cause Accidents Accidents Fall of ground 51 14.49 Fall of material and flying material 54 15.34 Lifting and handling equipment and material 95 26.99 Machinery and tools 52 14.77 Slipped and tripped 66 18.75 Falling off staging and platforms 12 3.41 Miscellaneous 22 6.25 Totals 352 100.00 Accidents Classified as to Injury Injury Head and neck Number of Accidents 22 Percentage of Accidents 6.25 Eyes - - 8 2.28 Trunk 61 17.33 Back 47 13.35 Arms _ _ 20 5.68 Hands and fingers 74 21.02 Legs - - -. 84 23.86 Feet _. 29 8.24 Toes — 7 1.99 352 Totals 100.00 COAL 205 EXPLOSIVES The following table shows the quantity of explosives used in underground coal mines in 1956, together with the number of shots fired, tons of coal produced per pound of explosive used, and the average number of pounds of explosive per shot fired (these quantities include all the explosives used for breaking coal and rock work in coal mines):— Vancouver Island District Colliery Quantity of Explosives Used (Pounds) Coal Mined (Tons) Total Number of Shots Fired Average Tons of Coal per Pound of Explosive Used Average Pounds of Explosive per Shot Fired 91,675 1,250 1,300 1,400 500 450 300 400 120 195,081 1,562 735 897 480 617 338 547 122,900 1,900 1,400 1,000 650 500 500 850 2.13 1.25 0.56 0.64 0.96 1.37 1.13 1.36 0.75 0.75 0.66 Loudon No. 6 mine 0.93 1.40 Carruthers and Wakelam No. 3 — 0.77 0.90 0.60 0.47 90 | 100 1.20 97,395 200.347 1 129.800 ! 2.05 0.75 Nicola-Princeton District Taylor Burson mine (Blue Flame) 1,500 1,100 3,078 1,170 1,400 660 2.05 1.06 1.07 1.67 2,600 4,248 2,060 1.63 1.26 Northern District 7,000 1,550 1,500 8,553 3,105 1,537 6,200 1,500 3,000 1.22 2.00 1.02 1.12 1.03 Gething No. 3 mine.— - -— 0.50 10,050 13,195 10,700 1.31 0.94 East Kootenay District Elk River Colliery Michel Colliery (underground).. Totals for district 3,567 110,200 I 299,182 | 583,462 | 4,855 100,820 882,644 83.88 5.29 7.75 0.74 1.08 1.07 Province Totals for Province . 223,812 1,100,434 | 248,235 4.91 0.90 I Quantity of Different Explosives Used Lb. Monobel of different grades 116,929 Permissible rock powder 6,883 Total 123,812 206 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 MACHINE-MINED COAL In 1956, mining-machines produced approximately 31,553 tons or 20 per cent of the total output from underground mining. A total of 488,964 tons of strip-mined coal was removed by mechanical means. Machines Driven by— Type of Machine Used District Electricity Compressed Air Chain Undercutting Rotary 2 1 1 2 1 1 Tnfals 3 1 3 1 In addition to the above, 211 air picks were used in the mines of The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited. SAFETY LAMPS There were 1,331 safety lamps in use in the mines of the Province. Of this number, 120 were flame safety and 1,211 were approved electric lamps, mostly of the Edison type. Approved Safety Lamps—Electric and Flame The following is a list of approved safety lamps, electric and flame:— The Wolf lamp, flame type. The Koehler lamp, flame type. The Edison electric lamp (cap) as Approval No. 18 of the United States Bureau of Mines, and all Edison lamps up to and including Model P, carrying the Approval Certificate No. 26 of the United States Bureau of Mines; Model R-4, Approval No. 29. The Wheat electric lamp and having Approval No. 20, as issued by the United States Bureau of Mines. The Wolf electric lamp, No. 830c. The electric lamp manufactured by the Portable Lamp and Equipment Company, under Approval No. 27 of the United States Bureau of Mines. M.S.A. single-cell trip lamp, carrying United States Bureau of Mines Approval No. 1009, approved for use on haulage trips in mines. The Davis M.L. model pneumatic electric lamp. ELECTRICITY Electricity is used for various purposes on the surface and underground at six collieries. A total of 15,887 horsepower was used in and about these mines. Detailed information as to how and where this power is used is given in the report of the Electrical Inspector of Mines. VENTILATION Information regarding the quantity of air passing in the main airways and working- places in the various mines is given in the reports of the District Inspectors. Blasting operations are not allowed in working-places where methane can be detected by the use of a flame safety lamp. The ventilation in general, as found during inspection visits, was adequate to meet requirements. COAL 207 METHANE DETECTION The principal methods used to detect small percentages of methane in the mines are by the use of the M.S.A. detector and by gas analysis. Regular tests are made on every shift in the working-places and the roadways by the firebosses and other certified mine officials, principally by means of the flame safety lamp. Every candidate for a miner's certificate must show, over and above the other necessary qualifications, that he has a thorough knowledge of the flame safety lamp, of handling it safely, and of the method of testing for methane before he is given a certificate. AIR-SAMPLING In addition to regular tests made by use of the flame safety lamp and methane detectors, the Inspector of Mines in each district takes mine-air samples regularly in main return airways and return airways of the various splits, so that a complete record may be kept of the condition of the air passing through the mine. Air samples are also taken by the Inspector and mine officials when there is an abnormal issuance of gas in working- places, and to ascertain the condition of the atmosphere in gob areas and old workings. INSPECTION COMMITTEES The provisions of the "Coal-mines Regulation Act," section 65, General Rule 19, require that an inspection committee of workmen shall inspect the mine regularly on behalf of the workmen and make a true report of the conditions found. In all the larger mines of the Province this rule is fully observed, and copies of the report are sent to the Inspector for the district. The work of these committees is valuable and assists in furthering the interests of safety at the various mines. COAL DUST The danger of accumulations of coal dust on the roadways and in the working-places is fully realized, and as a rule the regulations regarding the control of coal dust are adequately carried out. Large quantities of limestone dust are used continually in the larger mines to combat this hazard. It is used in the roadways, working-places, and for the tamping of shots. Dust samples are taken regularly from roof, sides, and floor of mine roadways and analysed. The reports of the analyses are forwarded to the District Inspector each month. DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES Early in August, 1950, the first diesel underground locomotive to be used in any mine in British Columbia made its trial runs in No. 9 mine, Elk River Colliery, The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited. The locomotive is a 15-ton 100-horsepower North British type and is fully permissible for use in coal mines. This locomotive is still in use at the Elk River Colliery. Two 75-horsepower diesel locomotives were purchased in 1956 for use in hauling the output from the "A" North mine to the tipple at the Michel Colliery. MILLISECOND DELAY DETONATORS In February, 1951, an amendment to the "Coal-mines Regulation Act" was passed to allow, with the permission of the Chief Inspector of Mines, more than one shot to be fired at a time in any coal mine or district of a mine. For further details see 1954 Annual Report. 208 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES On January 3rd, 1956, at 10.30 p.m., a trip of seven loaded cars was being lowered on the surface incline at No. 1 East mine, Elk River Colliery, when the link of a coupling broke and six cars ran out of control. A derailment switch near the bottom of the incline failed to stop the cars, and they crashed into a trip standing on the parting at the bottom of the incline. One workman was seriously injured on the parting and eleven cars were severely damaged. Fifty feet of snowshed was demolished. On February 13th, 1956, traces of smoke and carbon monoxide were noticed issuing from a caved gob area in the No. 3 Room west section, No. 1 East mine, Elk River Colliery. Efforts to find the seat of the heating failed, and it was decided to seal off the area as soon as possible. This was successfully accomplished two days later, the final sealing having been carried out by a mine-rescue team equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus. On February 28th, 1956, a large snowslide at Elk River Colliery caused extensive damage and disrupted operations at No. 1 East mine and a portion of No. 9 mine for several days. No one was injured. The slide originated at a high altitude on the mountainside across a ravine from No. 9 mine, and in its travel completely buried and damaged the fan used for ventilating the No. 1 slope section of No. 9 mine. The slide then travelled down the ravine for 1,500 feet, demolishing a locomotive-shed and part of a bridge on No. 4 landing. A steam locomotive which was in the shed was swept down the ravine for 100 feet and extensively damaged, and a 20,000-gallon-capacity water-tank below the bridge was demolished. On June 9th, 1956, a trip of nine empty cars was being lowered on the diagonal slope, Tsable River mine, when the leading three cars became uncoupled and ran out of control. At the point of derailment the runaway cars knocked out five sets of timber and caused a cave of about fifty cars of rock. On July 20th, 1956, a gob fire was discovered in the No. 3 Left belt-road section of "A" West mine, Michel Colliery. The fire was in a caved gob area on No. 7 Raise. Due to the steep pitch of the seam and the caved condition in the area, it was considered too dangerous to attempt to load out the fire. Immediate steps were taken to seal off the fire area, and this was accomplished in three days. On October 5th, 1956, at Michel Colliery, thirty-five cars of coal ran out of control from "A" West mine gathering parting and travelled the length of the main rock tunnel to near the portal, where they collided with a standing trip. Two of the cars were extensively damaged, and the armour of an electric cable suspended alongside the tunnel was slightly damaged. No one was injured. BUMPS AND OUTBURSTS On March 7th, 1956, at 3 a.m. a severe bump occurred on the No. 3 Raise in "B " South mine, Michel Colliery, and caused considerable damage to the roadway. The floor of the roadway was heaved nearly to the roof for a length of over 100 feet, trapping two men inside the area for about two hours. One of the men was slightly injured. The bump is attributed to excessive pressures building up on the roadway pillars following large-scale pillar extraction. PROSECUTIONS John Yarovich, carpenter, Michel Colliery, was prosecuted on April 3rd, 1956, under Rule 112 of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company's " Special Rules " for subjecting himself and a fellow-workman to a danger that was not necessary in the course of his occupation. He was found guilty and fined $20 and $30.50 costs. Charles Koska, Jr., miner, Michel Colliery, was prosecuted on May 17th, 1956, under Rule 7 of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company's " Special Rules " for not complying with the instructions of an official. He was found guilty and fined $10 and $5 costs. COAL 209 SUPERVISION OF COAL MINES During 1956 seventeen companies operated twenty-six mines, employing 968 men underground. In the supervision of underground employees there were 4 managers, 15 overmen, 2 shiftbosses, and 65 firebosses, or approximately 1 official for every 11 men. "COAL SALES ACT" List of Registered Names of British Columbia Coals, Approved by the Chief Inspector of Mines, in accordance with the Provisions of the "Coal Sales Act." Registered Name of Coal Colliery and Location Producing Company Comox Hi-Carbon Old Wellington_ Chambers-Extension .... Cassidy-Wellington Taylor Burson Hat Creek Bulkley Valley Crow's Nest, Elk River. Crow's Nest, Michel— Coldwater Black Prince Bowron River Coal Comae Tsable River mine, Comox Colliery (Cumberland).. Mixture of Canadian Collieries coal and B.C. Electric coke No. 9 mine (Wellington) Chambers-Extension Cassidy mine (Cassidy).. Blue Flame No. 2 mine (Princeton).. Hat Creek (Lillooet). Bulkley Valley (Telkwa) Elk River (Coal Creek) Michel (Michel) .. Coldwater No. 3 mine (Merritt).. Black mine (Princeton) Bowron River mine (Prince George) Tsable River Colliery (Cumberland) and McLeod River Colliery (Alberta) Canadian Collieries (D.) Ltd. Canadian Collieries (D.) Ltd. Canadian Collieries (D.) Ltd. R. H. Chambers. A. H. Carroll. Taylor Burson Coal Co. Ltd. Canada Coal and Development Co. Ltd. Bulkley Valley Collieries. Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co. Ltd. Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co. Ltd. S. Gerrard. R. B. Savage. Central Industries Ltd. Canadian Collieries (D.) Ltd. BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR COAL-MINE OFFICIALS First-, Second- and Third-class Certificates and Mine Surveyors' Certificates The Board of Examiners, formed on July 10th, 1919, consists at present of H. C. Hughes, Chief Inspector of Mines, chairman; Edward R. Hughes, Inspector of Mines, member; and Robert B. Bonar, Senior Inspector of Mines, secretary and member. The meetings of the Board are held in the office of the Department of Mines in Victoria. The examinations are held in accordance with the amended rules of the Board of Examiners and approved by the Minister. The examinations are held at least once a year, and more often if necessary. Regular examinations were held in 1956 on the following dates: May 9th, 10th, and 11th at the Fernie centre. The total number of candidates at these examinations was as follows: For third- class certificates, 3 (3 passed); for mine surveyors' certificates, 1 (failed). The following were the successful candidates: Third class—Silvio Maio, Hugh Quintilio, and Simon Vanderjagt. In addition to the above, an interchange certificate was granted without full examination to the following candidate who held coal-mine official certificates of equal rating from other Provinces or from Great Britain: Third class—Henry A. France. All officials, before engaging in multiple blasting with millisecond delay detonators, are required to obtain a permit to do so from the Board of Examiners (Coal-mine Officials). This permit is issued only after the applicant has successfully passed oral and practical examinations in such work. Examinations for Certificates of Competency as Coal-miners In addition to the examinations and certificates already specified as coming under the Board of Examiners, the Act further provides that every coal-miner shall be the 210 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 holder of a certificate of competency as such. Examinations are held regularly in coalmining districts, and no certificate is granted where the candidate has failed to satisfy the Board as to his fitness, experience in a coal mine, and a general working knowledge of the English language. During 1956 there were 103 candidates for coal-miners' certificates, six of whom were unsuccessful. In addition to the certificates granted above, substitute certificates were issued to those who had lost their original certificates. Permits to act as coal-miners, as provided by the Act, have been granted to younger men by Inspectors in their respective districts. This method allows promising men with less than one year's experience underground to work at the coal face as miners under the guidance of an experienced miner. The Board of Examiners desires to thank the different coal-mining companies for the use of their premises for holding examinations where necessary. COAL 211 NOTES ON COAL MINES VANCOUVER ISLAND INSPECTION DISTRICT By R. B. Bonar The gross output of coal from the Vancouver Island Inspection District was 200,347 tons, a decrease of 9,437 tons or 4.49 per cent from the 1955 output. Only one large coal mine, the Tsable River mine, is now in production on the Island. Operations in the once important Nanaimo coalfield are now restricted to seven very small mines, providing employment for no more than twenty-one men. These mines operate in outcrop, pillars, and barriers left during earlier working. The Island coal-mining industry has suffered a rapid decline in the past few years. Production has declined by as much as 60 per cent since 1951. This condition has resulted from loss of markets due to competition from other fuels, high costs of production, and from the depletion of reserves in the Nanaimo coalfield. However, indications are that the bottom of the decline has been reached, and that a levelling-off of production will take place in the next few years. In 1956 there were six accidents classified as serious, five of which occurred underground at the Tsable River mine and one on the surface at Union Bay. Two of the five accidents that occurred underground were fatal. In addition to these, forty-three minor accidents were reported and investigated. There were no dangerous occurrences in the coal mines of the Island. The annual mine-rescue and first-aid meet organized by the Vancouver Island Branch of the British Columbia Mine Safety Association was held at Cumberland on Saturday, June 9th. Two teams from Tsable River mine and a visiting team from Copper Mountain mine participated in the mine-rescue competition, and a very high standard of performance was maintained. The winning team was the Copper Mountain team, captained by Luke Kirby. Nanaimo (49° 123° S.W.) R. H. Chambers and associates, operators; R. H. Chambers, Chambers No. 5 manager. This mine is in Section 14, Range 7, in the Douglas Mine, Extension district, near Extension. The area was first opened up as a stripping operation in the latter part of 1952 and comprised a small section of the Wellington seam lying close to the surface in the vicinity of the old Vancouver slope workings. By the end of 1954 all available surface coal was depleted, and early in January, 1955, the present slope was started to test the continuity of the seam underground. At the end of 1955 the slope had reached a point about 400 feet from the portal in coal which varied in thickness from 6 to 8 feet. Rooms started to the left off the slope were cut off by a fault which was found to converge on the slope. To offset this convergence, the slope was turned to the right to parallel the fault. Several rooms were started to the right off the slope in 1955 and 1956, but were driven only a short distance, as most of the work has been concentrated on driving the slope to its limit with the object of extracting the coal on the retreating system. At the end of the year the slope had reached a distance of 626 feet from the portal and had 7 to 8 feet of coal at the face. The coal is mined by picking out the middle band of carbonaceous shale with hand- picks. It is then blasted and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the tipple by a gasoline-driven hoist. A small shaker screen sorts the coal into over 2-inch, 1- to 2-inch, and under 1-inch sizes. 212 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Total production in 1956 was 1,562 tons over a working period of 119 days, with a crew of five men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. One accident was reported and investigated. Glyn Lewis, operator and fireboss. This property comprises two Lewis Mine small mines operating in the Wellington seam in a small area of (Timberlands) outcrop coal that was left when No. 8 mine was abandoned by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited. The seam outcrops on the side of a ridge parallel to and immediately south of the Nanaimo River valley at an elevation of 540 feet above sea-level. The coal measures dip southward at 8 degrees. The two mines are one-third of a mile apart. The new mine, which commenced production in May, 1951, is in Range 1, Section 2, of the Cranberry district. It is operated in the Wellington seam in an area of coal outcrop about 1 acre in extent, which is bounded on the west by a thrust fault that also formed the western boundary of the old No. 8 mine. The seam is 6 feet thick, including two thin rock bands. The coal is blasted off the solid and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the surface by a small gasoline-driven hoist. A shaker screen sorts the coal into lump, nut, and pea sizes. Total production in 1956 was 897 tons over a working period of 286 days, with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory, and no accidents were reported. F. Vlasich, operator and fireboss. This mine is on Lot 194 in the Blue Flame Mine, Bright district, about 600 feet west of the Timberlands road and Wellington 16 miles by road from Nanaimo. It operates in the western out- (Timberlands) crop of the Wellington seam about half a mile south of the Nanaimo River. The coal averages from 2 to 3 feet thick and is overlain by a bed of mudstone ranging from 10 inches to 2Yz feet thick. Total production in 1956 was 338 tons over a working period of eighty-one days with a crew of two men. Conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no accidents were reported. Due to depletion of reserves this mine was permanently abandoned in November, 1956. J. Unsworth and A. Dunn, operators; A. Dunn, fireboss. This Undun Mine mine, which was brought into production in August, 1954, is three- quarters of a mile northwest of the village of Extension. It operates in the Wellington seam, and the output comes from the mining of pillars and small areas of coal left near the outcrop in the workings of the old Extension No. 6 mine. The Wellington seam is variable in thickness, but the coal is of excellent quality. The measures dip about 10 degrees southwest. The roof is a strong conglomerate. The coal is blasted off the solid and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the surface by a small gasoline-driven hoist. Production in 1956 amounted to 547 tons over a working period of 148 days, with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no accidents were reported. Albert Addison, operator. This mine is in Range 5, Section 13, Big Flame Mine of the Cranberry district. Reopening of this mine, formerly known as the Clifford mine, was commenced early in 1955. It operated about eighty days during 1956 with a working crew of two men. Ninety tons of coal was produced. At the end of the year the mine was inoperative. No accidents were reported. North Wellington (49° 124° S.E.) W. Loudon and associates, operators; W. Loudon, fireboss. This Loudon No. 6 mine is about 1 mile southeast of Wellington and has been opened Mine up by a slope driven in a small area of outcrop coal in the No. 2 Upper Wellington seam adjacent to the old No. 9 mine workings. COAL 213 The coal is blasted off the solid and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the surface by a small gasoline-driven hoist. Production in 1956 amounted to 735 tons over a working period of 156 days with a crew of three men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections, and no accidents were reported. R. B. Carruthers and W. Wakelam, operators; R. B. Carruthers, Carruthers and fireboss. This mine, near the Loudon mine, is also in the No. 2 Wakelam No. 3 or Upper Wellington seam adjacent to the abandoned workings of Mine the old No. 9 mine. Production in 1956 amounted to 480 tons over a working period of 198 days with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. No accidents were reported. Charles Stronach, operator; H. Gilmour, fireboss. This mine is Stronach No. 2 in a section of the No. 2 or Upper Wellington seam adjacent to the Mine old No. 9 mine. All of the output comes from the mining of pillars and small areas of coal left in the early workings. Production in 1956 amounted to 617 tons over a period of 171 days with a crew of four men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no accidents were reported. Comox (49° 124° N.W.) Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited.—Head office, 355 Burrard Street, Vancouver. F. Ronald Graham, chairman of the board; R. Whittall, president; E. O. T. Simpson, vice-president, mining; W. W. Johnstone, district superintendent. In 1956 this company operated one mine on Vancouver Island, the Tsable River mine. Tsable River Mine.—S. J. Lawrence, manager; T. Ecclestone, overman; L. Cooper, A. Cullen, and A. Somerville, shiftbosses; W. Bennie, J. Cochrane, F. Dixon, M. Fro- bisher, W. High, L. Hutchinson, C. Lewis, G. Nicholas, and J. Thomson, firebosses. The layout and method of operating this mine are fully described in the 1954 Annual Report. In 1956 production came from the extraction of pillars formed by earlier development in the seam and from development work in the northeast section beyond the second fault system. This latter section, which was penetrated by an inclined rock tunnel near the end of 1955, has been rapidly expanded in spite of the difficulties encountered when penetrating a downthrow fault of varying displacement that was met by the two levels driven from the top of the rock tunnel. Two slopes are being driven in the seam—one on either side of the downthrow fault. The seam at the face of the slopes is of normal height and clean, but the roof, probably due to the near presence of the fault, has numerous slips and joints and requires closer timbering than is usually required. All the coal, both in development and pillar-extraction workings, is blasted off the solid. Electrical multiple blasting with millisecond delay detonators is used throughout the mine. Totals of 91,550 pounds of Monobel No. 4 explosive and 122,900 detonators were used during the year. Total production in 1956 amounted to 195,081 tons over a working period of 230 days, with a crew averaging 214 men underground and sixteen on the surface. Conditions at the mine have usually been found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. First-aid arrangements have been maintained at a satisfactory standard. A suitably equipped first-aid room is provided on the surface, and an ambulance car is held in readiness for emergencies. Five employees hold industrial first-aid certificates, and twenty-four employees hold other first-aid certificates. Two mine-rescue teams of six men each are maintained, and these attend periodic practices at the Cumberland mine- rescue station. 214 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Forty-eight accidents were reported and investigated, six of which were classed as serious, including two fatal accidents. This represents a decrease of 23.8 per cent in the number of lost-time accidents compared with 1955, and is due to the maintaining of the intensified safety programme put into effect by the management. The management is ably assisted and advised in this work by the director of the Safety Division of the British Columbia Mining Association. Regular inspections of the mine were made each month by the inspection committee appointed by the workmen, and copies of its reports were forwarded to the office by the District Inspector through the courtesy of this committee. NICOLA-PRINCETON INSPECTION DISTRICT By E. R. Hughes Three mines were operated in this district in 1956, and the output of coal totalled 72,567 tons. This was a slight decrease from the amount produced in 1955. As before, the chief producer was the Mullin strip mine at Blakeburn, and the coal from this property was almost entirely used at The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited steam-electric power plant at Princeton. Taylor Burson Coal Company Limited discontinued operating the Blue Flame mine in May, and the property was later operated by some of the former employees. The Coldwater Coal mine at Merritt continued to be operated on a small scale and produced coal chiefly for local domestic use. Continued search for a commercial coal seam was reported to have been made without success on Lot 377, which is held by B. Vittori and N. F. Robb, in the vicinity of Blakeburn. The lease held by the late C. H. Jackson, covering the south half of Lot 88 and the southeast quarter of Lot 86, AYz miles southwest of Princeton, was surrendered, and in its stead Coal Licence No. 124, covering only the south half of Lot 88, was, on November 26th, issued to his son, Charles Jackson. No development work was reported from Cliffview Colliery Limited at Enderby, nor from the White Lake coalfield on which Coal Licences Nos. 67 and 68, covering 2 square miles, are held by John Lutin. Wilson Mining Corporation Limited did not renew title to eight coal leases containing a total of 4,336 acres in the southern part of the Princeton coalfield, but continues to hold Lease No. 38 covering 630 acres, in which is the Blue Flame mine. No work was reported to have been done in the Hat Creek coal area, where Inland Resources Company Limited hold Coal Licence No. 12, comprising 640 acres, as well as additional coal lands that have been Crown granted. No compensable accidents were reported, nor were there any prosecutions under the " Coal-mines Regulation Act " during the year. One dangerous occurrence took place when a fire completely destroyed the tipple at the portal of the Blue Flame No. 2 mine on September 3rd. The Similkameen Valley Mine Safety Association held its twenty-sixth annual field-day competitions at Princeton on Saturday, June 2nd. The mine-rescue competition was held in the forenoon at the Princeton Memorial Park, and the first-aid events were held in the auditorium at the Princeton school. The mine-rescue event was won by the Cumberland team, captained by W. High. A Copper Mountain team, captained by Luke Kirby, won the mine-rescue competition at Cumberland on June 9th. This team placed second at the interprovincial mine-rescue competition at Nelson on September 8th. Princeton (49° 120° S.W.) Blue Flame No. 2 mine.—James Fairley, overman; Thomas Bry- Taylor Burson den, fireboss. This mine is about 10 miles by road south of Coal Company Princeton and about half a mile west of the Hope-Princeton Limited Highway. It was decided to discontinue development, and activi ties were confined to the extraction of pillars in the No. 2 level COAL 215 workings. Due to the loss of the contract with the Granby Company, coal sales diminished to such an extent that the Taylor Burson Company discontinued production on May 20th. The property was then taken over by former employees operating under the name of Blue Flame Colliery Limited. The extraction of pillar coal was continued on a smaller scale, and the output was sold in the Princeton area. A fire, believed to be of spontaneous origin, totally destroyed the mine tipple on September 3rd. This was replaced with a small bar-screen tipple, which was adequate for the reduced output. Eighteen men were employed at the beginning of the year, but the number was later reduced to four. Coalmont (49° 120° S.W.) Mullin's Strip Mine Ltd.—Edward Mullin, manager, Princeton. Blakeburn Strip This company holds three coal licences covering 2Yz square miles, Mine which includes most of the area underlain by the abandoned work ings of the former Coalmont Collieries Limited Nos. 3, 4, and 5 mines at Blakeburn. They are about 5 miles by road from the railway at Coalmont. The stripping of overburden and removal of coal continues to be confined to Lot 298, which overlies the old Blakeburn No. 3 mine. Overburden is shallow in this area, and the coal removed is that remaining between the outcrop and the old workings. A D-8 bulldozer is used to remove the overburden and the coal, and a TD-14 2-yard loader is used to load the coal, which is transported to the near-by tipple, where it is crushed and screened. The entire production is trucked to the Granby Company's steam-electric power plant near Princeton and the steam heating plants at Allenby and Copper Mountain. Fifteen men were employed, including nine truck-drivers. Operations were continuous throughout the year, and 68,531 tons of coal was produced. The largest monthly output was in November, when 7,613 tons was shipped. Merritt (50° 120° S.W.) This property, 1 mile south of Merritt, is operated by the owners, Coldwater Coal S. Gerrard and partners. Fireboss (on permit), S. Gerrard. Mines Activities were again confined to the Coldwater No. 5 mine and consisted of splitting pillars and extracting remnants of coal left between the abandoned Middlesboro No. 5 mine and the surface, in the area adjacent to and west of the old water-tank and about 250 feet west of the portal of the old Middlesboro No. 4 mine. The seam is from 4 to 5 feet thick and includes two partings consisting of 3 inches of bone and 1 inch of hard shale. This is a coking coal. The coal is blasted from the solid and is hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the surface by a small gasoline-driven hoist. Ventilation is natural and is sufficient for this small operation. No methane has been detected in the mine workings. The total production in 1956 was 1,170 tons. In December 137 tons was produced and three men were employed. EAST KOOTENAY INSPECTION DISTRICT By D. R. Morgan The net production of coal from the East Kootenay District during 1956 was 1,160,415 tons, an increase of 110,526 tons over the corresponding figure obtained in 1955. There were two companies in operation, and their activities were confined to the Crowsnest Pass area. The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company, with mines at Michel and Coal Creek, produced 1,063,247 net tons, and Coleman Collieries Limited, operating a large strip mine on the interprovincial boundary on Tent Mountain, produced 97,168 net tons. Most of the mines were in operation throughout the year, but the production of both companies was curtailed early in the year by the loss of a number of working-days owing to the state of the coal market. 216 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The accident record for the district in 1956 showed a slight improvement in the severity rate, but there was an increase in the frequency rate or total number of accidents. Sixteen serious accidents were reported under section 59 of the " Coal-mines Regulation Act," four of which resulted in the deaths of four men. There was one fatality less than in 1955, but there were four more serious accidents. Two of the fatal accidents occurred at the surface operations at Michel Colliery, and the other two occurred underground at the Elk River Colliery. Minor accidents which resulted in the loss of one or more days totalled 331, of which 272 occurred in the underground workings and fifty-nine on the surface. This was twenty-eight more than in 1955. All the accidents were investigated, and the serious accidents were classified as follows: Seven caused by falls of rock and coal (including one fatal); seven involving haulage and machinery (including one fatal); and two while lowering railway cars on surface sidings (both fatal). Seven dangerous occurrences were reported from the various mines and were investigated, and are described more fully under "Dangerous Occurrences." No accidents or dangeerous occurrences were reported from the stripping operation on Tent Mountain. The East Kootenay Mine Safety Association held a successful mine-rescue and first-aid competition at Chapman Camp, near Kimberley, on June 23rd, and it was well attended. Six teams from Fernie, Michel, and Kimberley entered the mine-rescue competitions, and the British Columbia Department of Mines shield was won by the Kimberley No. 1 team, captained by T. O. Bloomer. In the first-aid competitions there were 110 entries, and the men's first-aid cup and shield were won by the Sullivan Mine No. 1 team from Kimberley, captained by A. Streich. T. G. Ewart, president, Fernie; Thomas Balmer, vice-president, The Crow's Nest 305 Great Northern Railway Building, Seattle, Wash.; H. H. Pass Coal Company Gardner, general manager, Fernie; James Littler, general super- Limited intendent, Fernie; W. R. Prentice, secretary, Fernie; R. A. Col- leaux, treasurer, Fernie. The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited has conducted large-scale coal-mining operations in the East Kootenay District since 1897, and present operations include the Michel Colliery at Michel and the Elk River Colliery at Coal Creek. The operations include both underground and opencast mining and are directed from a head office at Fernie. Most of the production is sold on the industrial market and a large amount is utilized for briquetting and coke- making. A short description of the operations follows. Michel Colliery.—(49° 114° N.W.) William Chapman, manager; Irving Morgan, senior overman; Walter McKay, safety inspector. This colliery is situated on the Crowsnest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 24 miles east of Fernie. It is the largest operation in the district and comprises extensive underground workings at Michel and a large stripping operation on Baldy Mountain, near Michel. It also includes a modern briquette and by-product plant, which is located on the colliery-site. Five mines were in operation during 1956, in addition to the strip mines, and most of the production was obtained from those located in the "A" and " B " seams. Four of the mines have been developed from a pair of cross-measure rock tunnels driven into the synclinal structure of the seams on the south side of Michel valley, and the other, "A" North mine, is being developed on the north side of the valley. Each mine is ventilated by a separate fan. The method of working, in general, is by the room-and-pillar system, and the pillars are extracted on the retreat. The chief motive power in use underground is compressed air, which is supplied by three electric and two steam-driven compressors on the surface. Two other compressors also supply high-pressure air for operating compressed-air locomotives on the main haulage roadways in some of the mines. Both battery and diesel locomotives are in use at the "A" North mine. Electricity is used in parts of some of the mines for operating conveyors and pumps on the main and secondary roadways and is used on a larger scale in the "A" North mine. The production of coal COAL 217 from all the mines is cleaned and treated for market at a modern preparation plant, a description of which is given in another part of this report. The underground operations of the colliery are under the direct supervision of six overmen and twenty-nine firebosses. "A" East Mine.—William Gregory, overman; Frank McVeigh, Harry Saunders, David Thewlis, Sr., Frederick Nash, Gordon Murdoch, Robert Woods, and Andrew Davey, firebosses. This mine is operated in the "A" seam, and has been developed on the eastern limb of the Michel syncline, to the left side of the rock tunnels. The seam varies from 10 to 12 feet thick and dips at an average of 20 degrees in a southwesterly direction. The coal is of good quality and is friable and gassy; the roof is weak and requires careful attention for its support. The mine is worked on the room-and-pillar system, and the pillars are extracted on the retreat. Usually the coal in the rooms is mined by compressed-air picks, shortwall coalcutters, or is blasted off the solid by the use of millisecond delay detonators and loaded by duckbill conveyors or direct by hand on to conveyors. The pillars are extracted by the shortwall method, and, as the coal is friable, pneumatic picks are used and only occasional shots are necessary. The coal from the pillars is loaded by hand on to shaker- conveyors and transferred to loading points in the rooms or levels by shaker, chain, and belt conveyors. From these loading points the coal is hauled in trips of cars by compressed-air hoists to the main east level, and from there to the surface by compressed- air locomotives via the main rock tunnels. Most of the production in 1956 was obtained from two sections of workings known as No. 1 and No. 3 slope districts and the remainder from a small section of pillar workings above the main levels. The average daily production was 580 tons with 115 men employed. No. 3 slope district has been in operation for many years, and the present activities in the area are confined to the extraction of pillars. These are rapidly nearing completion, and only the pillars left for supporting the main slopes and a small section of workings below the No. 7 room that was developed to prolong the operations remain to be worked. The No. 1 slope district is located outby the No. 3 slope district and is being developed preparatory to completion of the latter district. The main slope has been driven to the base of the syncline, and rooms and pillars are being developed on both limbs of the syncline. The extent of the workings on the inner or Sparwood limb of the syncline will be restricted, owing to the presence of the old "A" South workings to the rise. The conditions in general were found to be satisfactory in the mine during the course of inspections, but considerable difficulties have been experienced from excessive roof pressures causing breakage to timber supports at some of the lower workings in the No. 1 slope district. Minor difficulties were also experienced early in the year in coursing the ventilation to the faces of the pillar-extraction working-places on No. 7 room in the No. 3 slope district owing to the extensive gob areas which were open. The mine is ventilated by an electrically driven aerodyne fan which delivers 95,000 cubic feet of air per minute to the workings at a 5.9-inch water-gauge. This quantity was found to be sufficient for the requirements of the mine. "A" West Mine.—Harry Corrigan, overman; Reginald Taylor, Robert Taylor, James Walsh, John Mclnnis, Thomas Krall, Richard Hughes, William Cytko, Mario Pettoello, Stanley Menduk, and Joseph Serek, firebosses. This mine is in the "A" seam on the eastern limb of the Michel syncline. It is entered on the right side of the rock tunnels, and all the present workings are toward the outcrop. The seam is of good quality, ranging in thickness from 10 to 28 feet and dipping at an angle ranging from 20 to 35 degrees in a westerly direction. It is worked by the room-and-pillar system, with all the pillars being extracted on the retreat, and its layout is so arranged that most of the production is obtained along the strike of the seam. . 218 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The mine is the largest producer at the colliery, and most of the present workings are in the upper section of the mine, where the coal is 28 feet thick, and the pillars are extracted by the caving system. All the roadways in this area are driven on the footwall of the seam and the top coal is supported by timber sets. The rooms are driven along the strike of the seam at 45-foot centres, and during advancement the coal at the faces of the rooms is mined by shortwall coal-cutters and then blasted. The coal at the faces of the working-places advancing on the pitch is blasted off the solid by the use of millisecond delay detonators. During extraction of pillars the timber sets of the roadways are withdrawn and the top coal is allowed to fall or is blasted into the roadways. All loading operations in the rooms during extraction of pillars are carried out by duckbill conveyors, and extension pans are provided to avoid exposure of the workmen under the caved areas. The coal from the faces is transferred by a series of shaker, chain, and belt conveyors to a central loading point on the main west level. All the production of the mine is loaded into cars at this point, and large trips are formed and taken out through the main rock tunnel by compressed-air locomotives. The equipment at the mine is driven by both compressed air and electricity, the use of electricity being confined to the conveyors on the main incline and secondary levels. The average daily production of the mine in 1956 was 680 tons with a crew of 135 men. The mine is ventilated by an electrically driven axivane fan which produces 65,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 3-inch water-gauge. This fan was formerly used for ventilating the old No. 3 mine in No. 3 seam, but since the abandonment of those workings in 1955 it has been utilized to ventilate the "A" West mine. This quantity has been found to be sufficient for the requirements of the present workings, and no trace of gas was found during the course of inspections. Other conditions were also found to be satisfactory in general, with the exception of a gob fire in the No. 3 left belt-road section of the mine on July 20th, which is reported more fully under the heading of "Dangerous Occurrences." The main inclines were driven to the surface during 1956, and these roadways now serve as second intake airways to the workings at the upper section of the mine. Upper "A" South Mine.—Vans H. Hulbert, overman; Roger Pasiaud, Joseph Fortunasso, and Herbert Parsons, firebosses. This operation was commenced in October, 1955, and it is intended to develop a mine in a large area of "A" seam between the abandoned "A" South mine workings and the outcrop of the seam. Entry to this area is to be made by means of two inclines which are being driven up the pitch in the underlying No. 1 seam and which will later be connected to the "A" seam by rock tunnels on reaching a point above the elevation of the old workings. The operation is on the west or Sparwood limb of the Michel syncline, and the seams pitch 35 to 40 degrees with an interval of 175 feet between the two seams. Considerable progress was made in 1956, and after driving a rock tunnel for 250 feet to meet the seam, the inclines were driven 850 feet. The coal in No. 1 seam is 12 to 15 feet thick, and the roof is fairly strong. The roadways are supported by timber sets, and those on the main incline are being reinforced with roof bolts. All the coal at the faces is blasted off the solid with millisecond delay detonators and is transported by chutes and chain-conveyors to a central loading point at the bottom of one of the inclines. The present production is 90 tons of coal per day with a crew of eighteen men. It is expected the mine will develop into a large operation, and preparations are being made for the excavation of an underground bin at the bottom of the No. 1 incline that will hold 650 tons of coal. The production of the mine will be conveyed to this point and loaded into cars on the main tunnel below. Electricity was brought into the mine in 1956 to operate the conveyors and small hoists, and performance to date has been satisfactory. The mine is ventilated by the No. 3 seam fan. COAL 219 "A " North Mine. — John Whittaker, overman; Sidney Hughes, Henry Eberts, Thomas Slee, and Ronald Saad, firebosses. This mine is in a development stage and is operated in the "A" seam on the north side of Michel valley, approximately half a mile east of the preparation plant. The mine is being developed on a modified room-and-pillar system, and it is intended to extract pillars on both the advance and retreat. Present operations are confined to development work, and four companion levels are being driven along the strike of the seam. Off these main levels two inclines are being driven toward the outcrop and rooms are being developed from the inclines. The seam is 12 feet thick where normal, and the dip varies from 15 to 20 degrees. The coal at all the faces in general is mined with pneumatic picks or is blasted off the solid by means of millisecond delay action detonators. It is loaded by hand on to shaker and chain conveyors and transferred to loading points on the main level, where it is loaded into 10-ton bottom-dumping cars and taken out of the mine by battery or diesel locomotives. Most of the equipment in the mine is operated by electricity and is of the permissible type. Compressed air, which is chiefly used for operating the pneumatic picks, is supplied by a portable compressor located inside the mine in the main intake airway. The production of the mine in 1956 averaged 200 tons of coal per day with a crew of forty men. Progress was again hampered by the thinning of the seam and the presence of small faults at various points on the main levels and the inclines. These entailed a great deal of rock work in maintaining sufficient height and width on the roadways for the haulage. Two of the main levels were driven 1,500 feet during the year, and the faces are now 4,000 feet from the portal of the mine. The other two levels are not so far advanced, one having only been started early in the year to provide access to the mine from the steel bridge that was built across the valley in 1955. This level will eventually be used as the main haulage roadway, and all production from the mine will be hauled to the preparation plant by locomotive. The entrance to the portal has been concreted, and the level is supported by steel sets and roof bolts. During the latter part of 1956 considerable interest was taken in a new type of continuous miner that is being tested at the face of the above-mentioned level. The machine is driven by a 75-horsepower electric motor and is designed to cut and load the coal by means of a rotating barrel mounted on caterpillar tracks, with a trailer conveyor attached. The mine is ventilated by an electric axivane fan which delivers 38,000 cubic feet of air per minute with a 0.5-inch water-gauge. This was found to be sufficient for the present needs of the workings, and conditions in general were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections. " B " South Mine.—William Davey, overman; Henry Batchelor, Robert Doratty, Thomas Taylor, John Krall, and Paul Kusnir, firebosses. This mine is operated in the " B " seam on the western limb of the Michel syncline. The seam is 5Yz feet thick, is of excellent quality, and is overlain by a strong shale roof. The seam dips at an angle of 30 degrees and is worked by the room-and-pillar system, with the pillars being extracted on the retreat. The mine has been one of the major operations for many years and comprises two districts, one being known as the " B " South Level district, which includes all the workings to the rise side of the main levels, and " B " South Slope district, which is located on the dip side of the levels. A description of the layout and method of working the districts is included in past Annual Reports. Extraction of the pillars in the No. 3 raise panel of the " B " South Level district was completed in October, 1956, and the activities in this district are now confined to the extraction of pillars left from former workings. These are scattered and comprise a few remaining pillars left in the No. 3 incline section and some pillars above the old 220 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 west level. Considerable work has been done in reopening the old No. 3 incline roadway, and it is intended to bring the production from that area by rope haulage. In the " B " South Slope district, activities were confined to the No. 3 slope section and a small area of coal that was extracted near the abandoned face of the main south level. The No. 3 slope was extended to its ultimate distance, and an area of coal has been developed below the No. 5 room. Extraction of pillars above the No. 5 room was completed early in 1956. The conditions in general were found to be fairly good during the course of inspections, with the exception of one period when difficulties were experienced by the increased issue of gas from the coal near a large fault, on the return side of the workings below the No. 5 room in the slope district. These difficulties were overcome by enlarging a section of the return airway to increase the quantity of ventilation. Difficulties were also experienced in maintaining sufficient height on the roadways in the No. 3 raise section of the " B " South Level district following extensive pillar extraction before operations in that area were completed. Closure of the No. 3 raise section has reduced the size of the operation considerably, but the mine continued to be one of the major producers at the colliery at an average daily output of 450 tons of coal in 1956 with a crew of ninety men. The mine is ventilated by an axivane fan which delivers 72,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 3.2-inch water-gauge; at present 43,000 cubic feet is directed to the slope workings and the remainder to the incline workings. In 1956, 104,250 pounds of Monobel No. 4, 5,950 tons of CXL-ite, and 100,820 electric detonators were used at the colliery for coal and rock blasting. Fifteen misfired shots were reported. Three hundred and eighty-four tons of limestone dust were used for application to the roadways at the various mines to minimize the coal-dust hazard and for tamping shots. Monthly mine-dust samples were taken at all the mines and analysed. All the samples were above the minimum requirements of incombustible content. Monthly examinations were made by the miners' inspection committees at all the mines, and a regular meeting was held at the colliery office each month by the pit safety committee. All the report books kept at the various mines in accordance with the " Coal-mines Regulation Act" were examined periodically and found to be in order. Baldy Mountain Strip Mines.—William Chapman, manager; C. M. Matson, foreman. The coal-stripping operations of The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited are on Baldy Mountain, where some very thick seams outcrop on the mountainside. Two open pits were in operation during 1956, and activities were carried out by Mannix Ltd., of Calgary, on a contract basis. The pits are known as the No. 4a and No. 3 pits. Operations in the No. 4a pit were completed early in the year, and a description of the pit is included in the 1955 Annual Report. Since completion of the pit, activities have been confined to the No. 3 pit, which is at a lower elevation and to the south of the No. 4a pit. Operations were commenced in this pit in 1955. The coal is 45 feet thick and is of fairly good quality, although some sections of the seam have inferior coking qualities. The overburden is removed to the ratio of 2 to 1 and has been taken back to a predetermined cut line which provides a slope ranging from 45 to 50 degrees on the wall above the pit. Extraction of coal is along the strike of the seam, and the coal is loaded by power-shovels into 15-ton trucks which haul it to the preparation plant. The production is governed by the output of the underground mines and requirements of the market, and is usually more than 1,000 tons per day. Conditions were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections. By-product Plant.—This plant is operated on the colliery-site at Michel, and a description of the plant is included in the 1954 Annual Report. The Curran Knowles ovens were in operation throughout the year and produced 163,686 tons of coke. More COAL 221 than seventy of the bee-hive ovens, the use of which was discontinued in 1952, were put back into operation for a few months and produced 8,948 tons of coke. Periodic inspections were made, and the conditions were found to be satisfactory. Briquette Plant.—This plant is adjacent to the preparation plant at Michel Colliery, and was first in production in 1954. The operation of the plant is governed by the number of days worked by the mines. The production of briquettes in 1956 was 188,355 tons, an increase of 21,527 tons from the 1955 production. A description of the plant is included in the 1954 Annual Report. Elk River Colliery.—(49° 114° S.W.) James E. Morris, manager. This colliery is operated in Coal Creek valley, 4 miles east of Fernie. It comprises five mines operating in four seams, the mines being driven from the outcrops of the respective seams on the south side of the valley. The mines are entered at various elevations on the mountainside, but all production is brought to the same surface landing and is treated at a modern preparation plant on the colliery-site. The colliery is connected to the Crowsnest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway at Fernie by a branch line operated by the Michel, Fernie and Morrisey Railway, a subsidiary company of The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited. No alterations were made on the surface plants and buildings during 1956, and a description of the preparation plant is included in the 1954 Annual Report. The underground operations are under the supervision of three overmen and fifteen firebosses, and a description of the operations follows. No. 1 East Mine.—Arnold Webster, overman; Leonard Brett, Eric Singleton, and Ronald White, firebosses. This mine is operated in the No. 10 seam, which is the uppermost seam now being worked. It is the oldest operation at the colliery and once formed part of the old Coal Creek Colliery before that operation closed down in 1943. Most of the older workings have now been abandoned, and present activities are confined to the extraction of a small area of coal left between the old No. 1 East workings and a barrier pillar in the old No. 1 South workings. The mine is operated by the room-and-pillar system and produces an average output of 375 tons per day with a crew of seventy-five men. The thickness of the coal ranges from 12 to 25 feet, of which the top 12 feet is worked under the roof of strong shale. The coal is of good quality and friable, and is worked by pneumatic picks, no shot-firing being necessary. Both development and extraction of pillars are in progress, and the coal at the faces is loaded directly on to cars which are hauled by horses to the partings near the main slope. From the partings the cars are hauled in six-car trips to the new portal by a 100-horsepower electric hoist on the surface and lowered to the No. 4 landing, from where they are taken in large trips to the preparation plant by steam locomotive. The conditions in general were found to be fairly good during the course of inspections, but considerable difficulties are experienced on some sections of roadways through breakage of timber supports; this is usually due to heaving of the floor as a result of roof pressures on the adjacent pillars. Indications of gob heating were found in the No. 3 room west section of the mine on February 13th, and is reported in more detail under " Dangerous Occurrences." This necessitated sealing from the remainder of the mine a small area of the workings which is not likely to be reopened. The mine is ventilated by an electrically driven Sirocco double-inlet fan which delivers 45,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 2-inch water-gauge. This quantity was found to be sufficient for the present requirements of the workings. No. 9 Mine.—Daniel Chester, overman; Albert Littler, Ralph Larner, William Waller, Harry Miller, Henry O'Neil, and Louis Sclippa, firebosses. This mine is operated in the No. 9 seam and is entered by means of four levels and a slope, driven from the outcrop, at a high elevation on the mountainside. It is a large mine, worked on the room-and-pillar system, and the workings have been developed on 222 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 both the rise and dip side of the main levels. The coal is of excellent quality and is normally 9 feet thick; the seam pitches at 15 degrees and is overlain by a hard sandstone roof. During development considerable irregularities of the seam have been encountered over the past few years and have restricted further development. The present activities are confined to the extraction of pillars formed in past workings. Despite difficulties the mine continues to be one of the larger producers at the colliery, and at the end of 1956 averaged 475 tons of coal per day with 100 men employed. Most of the production was obtained from pillar extraction in the No. 1 and No. 5 slope sections, where the slopes have been advanced into a portion of the old No. 2 mine workings to prolong the life of the present mine. Extraction of the pillars in that area from the No. 5 slope is rapidly nearing completion, and only the pillars left to support the slope remain to be worked. In the No. 1 slope, however, development is continuing with a view to extracting two large pillars left in the old workings. The coal throughout the mine is cut by pneumatic picks and occasionally blasted off the solid. It is hand- loaded on to conveyors and transferred to loading points on the levels or rooms by chain, belt, or shaker conveyor, where it is loaded into trips of cars. From the loading points it is hauled by compressed-air hoists to the main level and taken out of the mine by diesel locomotive. On No. 1 slope, which has been driven from the surface as a separate entry, the coal is loaded from the conveyors into 10-ton bottom-dumping cars which are hauled up the slope by a 300-horsepower electric hoist on the surface. The cars are unloaded on a ramp outside the mine, and the coal is conveyed by a short belt-conveyor to a retarding conveyor, which transports the entire production of the mine down the mountainside to the preparation plant. The mine is ventilated by two separate ventilation systems. In the No. 1 slope section the present ventilation is by means of a Sheldon centrifugal fan which produces 26,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 0.6-inch water-gauge to that section of workings. This fan was installed in February to replace the axivane fan that was damaged by a snowslide. The other part of the mine is ventilated by an axivane fan which delivers 56,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 5.2-inch water-gauge. These quantities were found to be sufficient for the requirements of the mine, and conditions were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections. Small quantities of gas were found on a few occasions at some of the working-places but were usually due to defective bratticing, and remedial steps were taken on each occasion. No. 4 Mine.—James Brown, assistant overman. This is a small operation that is being worked in the No. 4 seam. A description of the method of working it is included in the 1955 Annual Report. During 1956 it was idle for the greater part of the year because the coal was unsuitable for the existing market, but the roadways are being kept under repair and the mine will be ready for production when required. The workings are ventilated by an electrically driven Sirocco fan which delivers 35,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 0.3-inch water-gauge. No. 3 Mine.—James Anderson, overman; Roger Girou, Kenneth Kniert, and James Brown, firebosses. This mine is operated in No. 3 seam, which is the lowest being worked at the present time. The seam is 17 feet thick where normal and is considerably thicker at the inner end of the main levels. The average pitch of the seam is 20 degrees, and only the top 10 feet is worked. The coal is friable and is mined by pneumatic picks, only occasional shots being necessary. It is very gassy, and a large volume of air is required to dilute the gases effectively. The mine is operated by the room-and-pillar system, and the workings have been developed to both the dip and rise side of the main levels. Further development, however, has been stopped due to the quality of the coal and the presence of faults, and present activities are now confined to the extraction of pillars on the retreat. This has reduced the size of the operation considerably and will continue to do so until pillar extraction is completed. During 1956 the average daily output was 250 tons with a COAL 223 crew of forty-five men, and most of the production was obtained from the No. 5 slope section, where pillars were being extracted from the No. 5 and No. 6 rooms on the right side of the slope. Extraction from this area was completed in September, and since that time activities have been confined to the No. 4 and No. 5 incline sections. The coal is mined by pneumatic picks and loaded on to conveyors which carry it to loading points on the main level, from which it is taken from the mine in cars by battery locomotive. The conditions in general were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections. In the incline sections considerable difficulties are experienced from the presence of faults, and great care must be taken in supporting the roof. Mining conditions in the No. 5 slope sections were found to be more favourable during 1956, and no difficulties were experienced by outbursts of gas as in the past few years. The mine is ventilated by an electrically driven aerodyne fan which normally delivered 80,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 2.5-inch water-gauge. Following the completion of the No. 5 slope district, the capacity of the fan was decreased, and it now delivers 45,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 0.7-inch water-gauge. These quantities were found to be sufficient for the requirements of the mine, although minor difficulties were experienced on a few occasions in the slope district in directing sufficient ventilation to some of the working-places where extensive gob areas were open. No. 1 Mine.—James Anderson, overman; Michael Tymchuk, Brindley Morris, and William Verkerk, firebosses. This is a new operation commenced in August, 1956, to develop a mine in the No. 10 seam adjacent to the old No. 1 East mine workings. It is expected to become a fairly large operation, and present activities are centred on driving a main slope on the pitch of the seam from outside. The slope was driven 500 feet, and conditions appear to be favourable, although at present an influx of surface water at the face of the slope creates some difficulties. The heading is ventilated by a small auxiliary fan equipped with metal tubing for conducting the air to the face, but later a connection will be made to the surface for a return airway. Haulage of the coal from the face is by a compressed-air hoist on the surface, and the cars are lowered to a parting on the elevation of the No. 4 level. During 1956, 3,309 pounds of Monobel No. 4, 258 pounds of CXL-ite, and 4,855 electric detonators were used at all the mines of the colliery in coal and rock blasting. No misfired shots were reported. To neutralize the coal dust, 209 tons of limestone dust was applied to the underground roadways of the mine and used in shot-firing. Monthly mine-dust samples were collected from the mines and analysed. All the samples were above the minimum requirements of incombustible dust. Monthly inspections were made at all the mines by the miners' inspection committee, and a copy of each inspection report was forwarded to the office of the District Inspector through the courtesy of the committee members. Meetings were held at the colliery office each month by the safety committees. All report books kept at the various mines in accordance with the " Coal-mines Regulation Act" were examined regularly and were found in order. (49° 114° N.W.) D. B. Young, general manager, Coleman, Coleman Collieries Alta.; J. C. Shearer, strip-mine manager. This company directs Limited a large stripping operation on the interprovincial boundary on Tent Mountain, near Corbin, and access to the property is made by means of a private road leading from the No. 3 highway near the Crowsnest lakes, in Alberta. Most of the operation is in Alberta, but a large quantity of coal has been produced in British Columbia where the seams extend over the border. Activities in 1956 were confined to the No. 2 pit, where a large deposit of coal is in the form of a synclinal basin. The thickness of the seam varies, but information obtained by several diamond-drill holes indicates that in some places it is over 100 feet thick. 224 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The overburden has been removed during the past two years, and present operations are confined to the loading of coal. This is done with power-shovels, and the coal is transported by 15-ton-capacity trucks to the company's preparation plant at Coleman. Conditions during the course of inspections were found to be satisfactory. (50° 114° S.W.) Utah Co. of the Americas carried out an explo- Fording River ration programme in the Fording River area in 1956 following the Area grant of coal licences covering Lots 6728 to 6742, inclusive, 6745, and 6748 to 6758, inclusive. A camp was set up in the vicinity of Ewin Creek in June to accommodate a party of men, and a geological survey was made of the whole area. Various points on the outcrops of nine seams were exposed on Todhunter Ridge, and seven seams on the northwest side of Bear Mountain. Roadways were cleared by bulldozer to obtain access to both places, and prospect tunnels were being driven in six of the seams on Todhunter Ridge when the camp was closed due to snow at the end of October. This area was prospected to a large extent nearly-fifty years ago by the Imperial Coal Company, and a report of the various seams is included in the 1909 Minister of Mines Annual Report. NORTHERN INSPECTION DISTRICT By A. R. C. James The coal mines of the Northern District produced a total of 13,195 tons of coal in 1956, a very substantial reduction from the 1955 output. This may be attributed entirely to the loss of the important Columbia Cellulose contract by Bulkley Valley Collieries Limited in August, 1955. Since the loss of this contract, due to a change-over to oil, the market for Telkwa coal has been restricted mainly to domestic heating in communities along the line of the Canadian National Railway between Burns Lake and Terrace. The two operating mines in the Hudson Hope area of the Peace River district show a small increase in output over 1955. Local demand for coal was reported to be quite strong toward the end of the year. The principal markets in this area are the army camp at Fort Nelson, which consumes up to 2,000 tons of stoker coal a year, and the Department of Transport installations at Fort St. John airport, which use 500 tons or more of coal a year. Outlying schools and farms also use a small amount of coal, and the drill rigs in the Fort St. John gasfield are at present large consumers of coal for heating purposes in winter drilling operations. No accidents or dangerous occurrences were reported from the coal mines of this district during 1956. Telkwa (54° 127° N.E.) Company office, Telkwa. F. M. Dockrill, president; A. H. Dock- Bulkley Valley rill, superintendent; F. Bond and L. Gething, firebosses. This is Collieries Limited a private company mining coal on a royalty basis on property comprising six Crown-granted lots, Nos. 388 to 392 and No. 401. The property is on Goat Creek, a tributary of the Telkwa River about 7 miles southeast of Telkwa. The mine is connected by a good road with the Canadian National Railway and Highway No. 16 at Telkwa. The total production in 1956 was 8,553 tons, only one-third of the 1955 production. As mentioned above, the reduction is attributable to the loss by the company of the important Columbia Cellulose contract in August, 1955. Previous to that date the Columbia Cellulose Company took the whole annual output of Bulkley Valley Collieries Limited, amounting to 36,000 to 42,000 tons per year. Since the loss of the contract the company has been largely restricted to supplying the domestic market in those communities along the line of the Canadian National Railway between (and including) COAL 225 Burns Lake and Terrace. Average daily production in the winter months has been about 60 tons with a crew of sixteen men underground and five on the surface. The No. 4 mine was in operation 155.4 days in 1956, and was closed from March 31st to August 5th. The No. 4 mine, which is the present operating mine, is on Lot 401, on the west bank of Goat Creek. The seam being worked is from 6 feet to 6 feet 8 inches thick and, except for irregular thin lenses of pyritic material, the seam section consists of clean coal. It is overlain by a thick bed of strong grey shale. The coal measures strike in a northerly direction and dip eastward at 5 degrees. As developed up to the present time, the mine broadly comprises two parallel main entries driven up dip on the seam in a westerly direction for 850 feet. At a point 500 feet from the portal, two levels, set off from the right main entry at 50-foot centres, have been driven 1,250 feet in a northwesterly direction. A series of rooms has been driven at 50-foot centres for a distance of 250 feet up dip from the levels, the coal between the rooms being extracted on the retreat. Several small faults were encountered at the inby end of the levels, and these were accompanied by " slabby " and difficult roof conditions. Consequently, when the mine resumed production at the end of August, it was decided to abandon the inner 500-foot length of the levels and withdraw all conveyors and machinery. This was done, and in December a pair of semi-longwall faces were opened up 200 feet down dip from the left-hand level, and these are now being mined on the retreat toward the level. One face is 50 and the other 100 feet long. The coal is undercut by coal-cutting machine and is blasted with the aid of short-period delay detonators. It is then hand-loaded on to scraper chain-conveyors. Transportation of the coal from face to tipple is done entirely by conveyors, the main conveyors being of the troughed-belt type. The coal is screened with a Tyler Tyrock three-deck vibrating screen. Four sizes of coal are produced for sale—namely, lump, egg, nut, and stoker. The bunker capacity is 230 tons and comprises five bins. Conditions in the mine were usually found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. No accidents were reported. No methane was detected during inspections. The mine is ventilated by a 30-inch Sirocco axial-flow fan which circulates approximately 10,000 cubic feet of air per minute. Peace River (56° 122° S.E.) Quentin F. (King) Gething, operator and fireboss. This property King Gething is on Lot 1039, on the southeastern slope of Portage Mountain; Mines it is 12 miles by road from Hudson Hope and 72 miles from Fort St. John. The mine was described in detail in the 1954 Annual Report. In 1956 it operated in the six fall and winter months as in previous years. Mining has been confined to the upper level, which has now been driven 700 feet from the portal. Two rooms are being driven updip from the upper level at 50-foot centres. One of the rooms, 330 feet back from the face of the upper level, is being driven through to surface to provide additional ventilation. The total amount of development work completed in 1956 amounted to about 270 feet. Total production was 1,537 tons. In December a crew of four men was employed and daily production was about 15 tons. Conditions were usually found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. No methane was detected. No accidents were reported. Company office, Fort St. John. E. B. Summer, operator and fire- Reschke Coal Ltd. boss. This property is at about 2,600 feet elevation on the steep southern end of a spur of Butler Ridge, 1 mile north of the Peace River. It is 23 miles by road from Hudson Hope and 83 miles from Fort St. John. The seam at present being worked is 4 feet thick and dips at 46 degrees due west. Both roof and floor of the seam are a silty shale. 8 226 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 The mine has been developed from two parallel adit levels driven due north along the strike of the seam from the outcrop. The lower level is the main haulage level, and the upper level, until it was abandoned in March, 1956, provided a return airway and second exit. The latter was 330 feet updip from the lower level. The lower level was driven 127 feet during the year, and the face of the level is now 1,257 feet from the portal. The coal is mined from a series of 3 0-foot-wide rooms set off from the lower level at 50-foot centres and driven up the full dip of the seam to connect with the upper level. Pillars of coal 15 feet wide are left between the rooms to support the roof. Twenty-two rooms have been worked out to the upper level, and Nos. 23 and 24 rooms are now being worked. The No. 20 room was continued updip to the surface and broke through on March 13th 825 feet updip from the bottom level. This room has now been fitted up as a manway and ventilation raise, and the upper level has been abandoned. The coal seam was found to be of uniform thickness and quality throughout the whole length of the raise, and a considerable reserve of coal has thus been blocked out. The coal is blasted off the solid, using millisecond delay detonators, and is transported by gravity chutes into cars on the main level. The mine was in production six months in 1956, and some development work was done during the summer months. Production was 3,105 tons. In November a crew of six men was employed, and the average daily production was about 25 tons. Conditions were usually found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no methane was detected. No accidents were reported. Inspection of Electrical Equipment and Installations at Mines, Quarries, and Oil and Gas Wells By L. Wardman, Electrical Inspector of Mines CONTENTS :tric Power Page 227 Lode Mines _ 227 Placer Mines _ _ _ __ ._. 228 Non-metallic Mines and Quarries__ _ _ 228 Coal Mines . _ 229 Well Drilling Rigs _ _ _ _ 229 R El.F.r.TRTCAL INSTALLATIONS _ 229 ELECTRIC POWER In 1956 electric power was used by forty-five mining companies in operations at thirty mills, thirty-seven lode mines, two placer mines, two non-metallic mineral mines, six collieries, which includes three coal-cleaning plants, and one coking plant. Electric power was also used at seven quarries for loading, crushing, separating, and conveying materials. Twenty-five drilling rigs using electric power for lighting and driving motors were used in drilling operations on seventy-nine wells. Sixty of these wells were completed. Lode Mines The kva. generating capacity of privately owned power plants at those mines which were operating in 1956 was as follows:— Generator Kva. Prime Mover Capacity Steam turbines 17,500 Diesel engines 14,830 Water-wheels 13,550 Total 45,880 The electric power produced by these plants was approximately 139,876,402 kilowatt-hours during 1955. These figures are approximate because many of the small power plants are not equipped with recording meters and, therefore, the power generated at these plants was estimated. Power purchased from public utilities amounted to 103,533,996 kilowatt-hours. The power which was obtained by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, from its generating division amounted to 92,335,892 kilowatt-hours. The total amount of power used in the Province for mining purposes was 335,746,290 kilowatt-hours. Power produced for direct mechanical application amounted to 7,720 horsepower and was produced as follows:— 227 228 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Prime Mover Horsepower Diesel engines 5,225 Water-wheels 1,560 Gasoline engines 935 Total 7,720 The connected load for 1956 at operating lode mines and mills has increased by 4,178 horsepower over that for 1955. This increase is due to the building of three new mills and the addition of equipment at other properties. The connected load for 1956 at those properties which were in operation was approximately as follows:— Equipment Horsepower Hoists 7,107 Scraper hoists 5,814 Ventilating fans 4,426 Pumps 4,349 Rectifiers and M.G. sets 8,975 Air compressors 18,553 Crushing equipment 10,409 Sink float 1,048 Milling and concentrating equipment 43,971 Conveyor systems 945 Workshop equipment 2,771 Miscellaneous equipment 10,070 Total 118,438 For surface and underground haulage there were in use 138 battery locomotives, 102 trolley locomotives, and 8 diesel locomotives. Placer Mines Electric power was used at three placer mines. The generating capacity was as follows:— Kva. Diesel-engine-driven generators 147 Hydro-electric 600 Total 747 The connected load was as follows:— Horsepower Shaft hoists 40 Ventilating fans 8 Mine pumps 10 Air compressors 75 Trommel screens 10 Miscellaneous 5 Total 148 Non-metallic Mines and Quarries Electric power was used at seven quarries for loading, crushing, separating, and conveying materials. INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 229 Coal Mines There was no change in the number of collieries using electric power in 1956. The distribution of electric power was as follows:— Surface Horsepower Compressed air 5,775 Ventilation 1,105 Hoisting 1,100 Haulage 318 Coal washing and screening 3,089 Pumping 515 Briquetting 642 Coke production 1,222 Miscellaneous 709 Total 14,475 Underground Ventilation 24 Hoisting 7 6 Haulage 123 Pumping 310 Coal-cutters 100 Conveyors 565 Compressors 200 Miscellaneous 14 Total 1,412 Total for surface and underground 15,887 Five permissible battery locomotives and three permissible diesel locomotives were in use underground. Well Drilling Rigs Twenty-five drilling rigs were operated in 1956. Seventy-nine wells were operated during the year. Sixty-one wells were completed; of these, thirty-five were gas wells, eight were oil wells, three were suspended, fifteen were abandoned, and eighteen were drilling at the end of the year. An outline of the electrical equipment normally used on the drilling rigs is given in the 1955 Annual Report. The rugged use to which this equipment is subjected and the frequent assembly, disassembly, and moving of the equipment cause considerable damage to the lighting fixtures and cables. However, there has been a general improvement in maintenance during the past two years, and less damaged equipment was found on the rigs during recent inspections. MINE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Notes on electrical installations at mines are printed for separate distribution and are not included in this Report. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 231 BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES LIST OF PUBLICATIONS The publications listed are available for distribution except as noted. Recent publications for which no charge is made may be obtained from the Department's offices at Victoria and Nelson, and from the office of the Geological Survey of Canada, 739 West Hastings Street, Vancouver. PAYMENT FOR PUBLICATIONS If payment is required, application for a publication should be made to the Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., and should be accompanied by the proper sum. Sales tax of 5 per cent is payable on charge items sent to British Columbia addresses. This sales tax is not applied on items sent outside British Columbia, but a mailing charge of 10 cents is made. Annual Reports and Bulletins Bulletins and Annual Reports are distributed free of charge, with a limit of one copy to an applicant until the free stock has been exhausted. Thereafter distribution is from reserve stock on payment of the charge listed. Under special circumstances duplicate copies may be supplied from the free stock. If so a charge of $1.25 per copy will be made for a bulletin or paper-bound Annual Report, and the charge for a cloth-bound Annual Report will be increased by $1.25. If more than two nominally free publications are requested, the applicant should remit 50 cents for each publication in excess of two. Indexes No. 1.—Index to Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines of British Columbia for the years 1874 to 1936, inclusive. (By H. T. Nation.) Cloth bound, $2. No. 2.—Index to Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines, 1937-43, and Bulletins Nos. 1-17. (By H. T. Nation.) Cloth-bound copies, $1 each. No. 3.—Index to Publications of the British Columbia Department of Mines, Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines, 1937 to 1953, and Bulletins Nos. 1 to 35. (Tables listing the recorded production of lode-metal mines and the occurrences of metals in lode deposits are appended.) Paper bound, $2; cloth bound, $4.50; tables separately, 50 cents. Index No. 3 incorporates corrections to the 1874-1936 index and replaces the 1937-1943 index. NOTICES RE PUBLICATIONS Applications are invited from those who wish to receive notices when new publications become available. 232 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 ANNUAL REPORTS If neither an asterisk nor a price is entered, the report for that year is not available for distribution. Year Paper Bound Cloth Bound Year Paper Bound Cloth Bound Year Paper Bound Cloth Bound 1874-1917 1930 1931 $1.00 1.75 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1943 * * * * * * * * 1918 750 1944 $1.00 1919 . 1932 1945—. 1946 1.00 1920 750 1933 * 75(f * C1) O) C1) * * * * 1.00 1921 1934 1947. 1948 1949 . . . 1.00 1922 1935. 1.00 1923 750 1936... 1937 1938 _ 1.00 1924 1950 1.00 1925 1951 1952 1953... 1954 . 1955 1956 . 1.00 1926 1939- _ _ 3.50 1927 * * * 1940. 1941 1.00 * 1.00 * 3.50 1928 2.50 1929 1942 3.50 2.50 1 Parts A to F, bound separately in paper, are available (free) for the years 1936, 1937, and 1938. Part G, " Inspection of Mines," is not available for these years. Note.—Since 1952 the Lode Metals section and the Statistical and Introductory section have been published as separate reprints of the Annual Report. For 1956 the Notes on Electrical Installations at Mines are printed as a separate pamphlet and are not included in the Annual Report. These separate publications are free of charge. BULLETINS, OLD SERIES Bulletin No. 2, 1918: Bumps and Outbursts of Gas. (By George S. Rice.) Bulletin No. 2, 1919: The Commercial Feasibility of Electric Smelting of Iron Ores in British Columbia. (By Alfred Stansfield.) Bulletin No. 2, 1932: Report on McConnell Creek Placer Area. (By Douglas Lay.) MISCELLANEOUS Special Reports on Coal-mine Explosions. (By George Wilkinson, Thomas Graham, and James Ashworth.) 1918. Out of print. Report on Snowflake and Waverley-Tangier Mineral Properties. (By J. D. Galloway.) 1928. Report on Mineral Properties of the Goldside Mining Company. (By B. T. O'Grady.) 1935. Out of print. Elementary Geology Applied to Prospecting. (By John F. Walker.) Revised, 1955. 65 cents; outside British Columbia, 75 cents. Possibilities for Manufacture of Mineral Wool in British Columbia. (By J. M. Cum- mings.) 1937. Lode-gold Deposits of the Zeballos Area. (By J. S. Stevenson.) 1938. Out of print. Preliminary Investigations into Possibilities for Producing Silica Sand from British Columbia Sand Deposits. (By J. M. Cummings.) 1941. Iron Ores of Canada: Vol. 1, British Columbia and Yukon. (By G. A. Young and W. L. Uglow, Geological Survey, Canada, Department of Mines.) 1926. Synopses of Mining Laws. * Only two reports or bulletins for which no charge is shown may be supplied free; a charge of 50 cents is made for each publication in excess of two. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 233 BULLETINS, SERIES STARTING IN 1940 Bulletin No. 11: Fraser River Tertiary Drainage-history in Relation to Placer-gold Deposits. II. (By Douglas Lay.)* Bulletin No. 12: Reconnaissance in the Area of Turnagain and Upper Kechika Rivers. (By M. S. Hedley and Stuart S. Holland.) 75 cents. Bulletin No. 13: Supplementary Report on Bedwell River Area. (By H. Sargent.) 75 cents. Bulletin No. 14: Coal Analyses of British Columbia. (By James Dickson.)* Bulletin No. 18: Specimens and Samples—Their Treatment and Use. (By Officers of the Department.) * Bulletin No. 19: The Tuya-Teslin Area, Northern British Columbia. (By K. DeP. Watson and W. H. Mathews.) * Bulletin No. 20: Lode-gold Deposits— Part II: South-eastern British Columbia. (By W. H. Mathews.) Revised, 1948.* Part IV: South-western British Columbia—exclusive of Vancouver Island. (By J. S. Stevenson.) Revised, 1946.* Part V: Vancouver Island. (By J. S. Stevenson.) Revised, 1946.* Part VI: North-eastern British Columbia and Cariboo and Hobson Creek Areas. (By S. S. Holland.) Revised, 1946.* Bulletin No. 21: Notes on Placer-mining in British Columbia. (By Officers of the Department. ) * Bulletin No. 22: Geology of the Whitewater and Lucky Jim Mine Areas. (By M. S. Hedley.) * Bulletin No. 24: Geology and Coal Resources of the Carbon Creek-Mount Bickford Map-area. (By W. H. Mathews.) * Bulletin No. 25: The Squaw Creek-Rainy Hollow Area. (By K. DeP. Watson.)* Bulletin No. 26: Report on the Stanley Area, Cariboo Mining Division. (By Stuart S. Holland.)* Bulletin No. 27: Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zeballos Mining Camp, British Columbia. (By John S. Stevenson.)* Bulletin No. 28: Placer Gold Production of British Columbia. (By S. S. Holland.)* Bulletin No. 29: Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sandon Area, Slocan Camp, British Columbia. (By M. S. Hedley.) * Bulletin No. 30: Clay and Shale Deposits in British Columbia. (By J. W. McCammon and J. M. Cummings.) * Bulletin No. 31: Geology of the Sheep Creek Camp. (By W. H. Mathews.) * Bulletin No. 32: Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Shulaps Range, Southwestern British Columbia. (By G. B. Leech.) * Bulletin No. 33: Geology of the Crowsnest Coal Basin with Special Reference to the Fernie Area. (By C. B. Newmarch.) * Bulletin No. 34: Geology of the Yanks Peak-Roundtop Mountain Area, Cariboo District, British Columbia. (By Stuart S. Holland.) * Bulletin No. 35: Geology of the Stanford Range of the Rocky Mountains, East Kootenay District, British Columbia. (By G. G. L. Henderson.)* Bulletin No. 36: Coal Reserves of the Hasler Creek-Pine River Area, British Columbia. (By N. D. McKechnie.) * Bulletin No. 37: Geology of the Cowichan Lake Area, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. (By James T. Fyles.) * Bulletin No. 38: Geology of the Antler Creek Area, British Columbia. (By A. Sutherland Brown.) * * Only two reports or bulletins for which no charge is shown may be supplied free; charge of 50 cents is made for each publication in excess of two. 9 234 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Bulletin No. 39: Geology of Lower Jervis Inlet, British Columbia. (By W. R. Bacon.) * Bulletin No. 40: Calcareous Deposits of Southwestern British Columbia. (By W. H. Mathews and J. W. McCammon.) * The following bulletins are out of print and no longer available; copies may be consulted at various public libraries:— Bulletin No. 1: Aiken Lake Area, North-Central B.C. (By Douglas Lay.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 2: Placer-gold Deposits, Wheaton (Boulder) Creek, Cassiar District. (By Stuart S. Holland.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 3: Fraser River Tertiary Drainage-history in Relation to Placer-gold Deposits. I. (By Douglas Lay.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 4: Saline and Hydromagnesite Deposits of British Columbia. (By J. M. Cummings.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 5: Mercury Deposits of British Columbia. (By John S. Stevenson.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 6: Geology of Camp McKinney and the Cariboo Amelia Mine. (By M. S. Hedley.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 7: Lode-gold Deposits of the Upper Lemon Creek Area and Lyle Creek- Whitewater Creek Area, Kootenay District. (By R. J. Maconachie.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 8: Preliminary Report on the Bedwell River Area. (By H. Sargent). Out of print. Bulletin No. 9: Molybdenite in British Columbia. (By John S. Stevenson.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 10: Tungsten Deposits of British Columbia. (By John S. Stevenson and staff of the Department of Mines.) Revised. Out of print. Bulletin No. 15: Hydraulic Mining Methods. (By Stuart S. Holland.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 16: Dragline Dredging Methods. (By Stuart S. Holland.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 17: An Introduction to Metal-mining in British Columbia. (By Officers of the Department.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 20: Lode-gold Deposits— Part III: Central Southern British Columbia. (By M. S. Hedley and K. DeP. Watson.) Out of print. Bulletin No. 23: Calcareous Deposits of the Georgia Strait Area. (By W. H. Mathews.) Out of print. PRELIMINARY MAPS Preliminary Map of the Granduc Area, by W. R. Bacon. WELL SCHEDULES Schedule of Wells Drilled for Oil and Natural Gas in British Columbia to January 1st, 1956. $1.25. MAPS SHOWING MINERAL CLAIMS AND PLACER LEASES Maps showing the approximate locations of placer-mining leases and mineral claims held by record may be seen at the Central Records Offices at Victoria and at Room 104, 739 West Hastings Street, Vancouver. Prints are obtainable on request made to the Chief Gold Commissioner at Victoria, and accompanied by the proper sum. The chargesf are: Full sheet, $1; half-sheet, 50 cents; quarter-sheet, 25 cents. The maps conform to the reference and mineral-reference maps issued by the Legal Surveys Branch, Department of Lands and Forests, in size and geographical detail and correspond as to numbers. * Only two reports or bulletins for which no charge is shown may be supplied free; a charge of 50 cents is made for each publication in excess of two. t Charges for sales within British Columbia are subject to the 5-per-cent sales tax, which must accompany the remittance. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 235 PERMITS AND LEASES UNDER "PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ACT, 1954" Maps showing the locations of permits and leases under the "Petroleum and Natural Gas Act, 1954," may be obtained upon application to the office of the Chief Commissioner, Petroleum and Natural Gas, Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., accompanied by payment of $3* per sheet. Monthly reports giving information on changes in permits and leases held, changes in title to permits and leases, additions and revisions to permit-location maps, and related matters are available from the office of the Chief Commissioner, Petroleum and Natural Gas, upon application and payment of a fee of $1 per annum. ROCK AND MINERAL SPECIMENS Identified specimens, about an inch square, of rocks and minerals may be purchased by prospectors and by schools in British Columbia. A collection of rock specimens including twenty items is sold for $1. A collection of economic minerals including twenty-five items is sold for $3.50. For schools in British Columbia a combined collection of rock and mineral specimens is available at $3.50, on official application from the school. Specimens of scheelite, wolframite, cinnabar, stib- nite, and tetrahedrite are sold at 25 cents each. All sales in British Columbia are subject to the Provincial 5-per-cent sales tax. If specimens are to be mailed to an address outside British Columbia, the applicant should remit 25 cents for mailing charges on either collection provided the package is to go by surface mail to an address in North America. Otherwise the applicant should remit the actual carrying charge, which may be calculated on 1 Yz pounds of weight for either collection. A request for specimens should be addressed to the Chief of the Mineralogical Branch, Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., and should be accompanied by the proper sum, including 5-per-cent tax for deliveries within British Columbia, or the proper mailing allowance to an address outside British Columbia. * Charges for sales within British Columbia are subject to the 5-per-cent sales tax, which must accompany the remittance. 236 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 MINING LAWS AND LAWS RELATED TO THE MINERAL INDUSTRY Synopses of mining laws and of laws related to mining are available on application. The titles of the various Acts and the price charged for each are listed below. Upon payment of the price, plus 5 per cent tax, a copy of any Act may be obtained from the office of the Queen's Printer, Victoria. Price Department of Mines Act $0.15 Mineral Act .25 Placer-mining Act .25 Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act .50 Coal-mines Regulation Act .70 Mines Right-of-way Act .15 Iron Bounty Act . 15 Mineral Property Taxation Act .15 Iron and Steel Bounties Act . 15 Indian Reserves Mineral Resources Act .15 Prospectors' Grub-stake Act .15 Taxation Act .75 Forest Act .80 Greater Vancouver Water District Act .80 Security Frauds Prevention Act .30 Coal Sales Act .15 Coal Act .15 Petroleum and Natural Gas Act .25 drilling and Production Regulations under Petroleum and Natural Gas Act, 1954 (including tax) .40 Geophysical Regulations, Petroleum and Natural Gas Act, 1954 (including tax) .25 1Permit and Lease Grid System, Petroleum and Natural Gas Act, 1954 (including tax) 1.00 1 Schedule of Wells Drilled for Oil and Natural Gas (including tax) 1.25 1 Obtained from Chief Commissioner, Petroleum and Natural Gas, Victoria. LIST OF LIBRARIES 237 LIST OF LIBRARIES Department publications are being sent to the following Government departments and legislative, university, and public libraries:— CANADA Government departments— Ottawa: Departments of Mines and Technical Surveys, and Resources and Development. St. John's, Newfoundland: Department of Mines and Resources. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Department of Mines. Fredericton, New Brunswick: Department of Lands and Mines. Quebec, Quebec: Department of Mines. Toronto, Ontario: Department of Mines. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Department of Mines and Natural Resources. Regina, Saskatchewan: Department of Natural Resources and Industrial Development. Edmonton, Alberta: Department of Mines and Minerals. Legislative libraries— St. John's, Newfoundland. Halifax, Nova Scotia. Fredericton, New Brunswick. Quebec, Quebec. Library of Parliament, Ottawa. Toronto, Ontario. Winnipeg, Manitoba. Regina, Saskatchewan. Edmonton, Alberta. Provincial Library, Victoria, British Columbia. University libraries and museums— Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia. Laval University, Quebec, Quebec. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. Royal Ontario Museum of Geology and Mineralogy, Toronto, Ontario. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Public libraries— Halifax, Nova Scotia. Montreal, Quebec. Toronto, Ontario (Reference Division). Edmonton, Alberta. Calgary, Alberta. Nelson Municipal Library, British Columbia. New Westminster, British Columbia. Prince Rupert, British Columbia. Prince George, British Columbia. Vancouver, British Columbia (Acquisitions Division). Victoria, British Columbia. 238 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 ENGLAND British Columbia House, Regent Street, London, England. Canada House, London, England. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 44 Portland Place, London, England. SOUTH AFRICA Public Library, Johannesburg, South Africa. AUSTRALIA Public Library, Sydney, Australia. UNITED STATES Government departments and legislative libraries— Library of Congress, Washington 25, D.C. The Interior Department Library, Washington 25, D.C. United States Geological Survey—Washington 25, D.C; and Denver Federal Centre, Denver, Colorado. California State Division of Mines, Ferry Building, San Francisco, California. Oregon State Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 702 Woodlark Building, Portland, Oregon. Washington State Division of Mines and Geology, Olympia, Washington. Idaho State Bureau of Mines, Boise, Idaho. University and society libraries— Columbia University, New York 27, New York (Document Division). Cornell University Library, Ithaca, New York. Engineering Societies Library, 29 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, New York. State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Montana School of Mines, Butte, Montana. Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada. University of California, Berkeley, California (Document Division). Public libraries— New York, New York. Boston, Massachusetts. Denver, Colorado. St. Louis, Missouri. Free Library, Philadelphia Zone 3, Pennsylvania. Library Association of Portland, Portland, Oregon. Los Angeles, California. San Francisco, California. Seattle, Washington. Spokane, Washington. Lode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1956 Annual Report The names of the properties are arranged alphabetically within five areas. Each area consists of the mining divisions listed below. The table shows the principal metals produced or indicated in the deposits in 1956:— Northern British Columbia.—Atlin, Liard. Central British Columbia.—Cariboo, Clinton, Omineca. Coast and Islands.—Alberni, Nanaimo, New Westminster, Skeena, Vancouver, Victoria. South Central British Columbia.—Greenwood, Kamloops, Lillooet, Nicola, Osoyoos, Similkameen, Vernon. Southeastern British Columbia. — Fort Steele, Golden, Nelson, Revelstoke, Slocan, Trail Creek. Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude 3 o 0 0J u c. a o 0 ■a - ►3 £ N e o bo a 3 H E 3 E - c 0 ... c Ml c i E D C rt 5 >> 3 U u _, c H o z 5 I a) x> ■O >> 0 s rt a o U <_ GO rt P. Northern British Columbia Big Bull Atlin Liard.... Liard... Liard Liard Atlin Liard Liard Atlin Liard Omineca Cariboo _. Omineca Cariboo. Cariboo Clinton 58° 133° N.W. 57° 131° S.W. 58° 131° S.W. 59° 129° S.W. 57° 131° S.W. 59° 136° N.W. 59° 129° S.E. 59° 129° S.E. 58° 133° N.W. 57° 129° N.W. 53° 124° N.W. 53° 121° S.W. 53° 124° N.W. 52° 120° S.W. 53° 121° S.W. 51° 122° S.W. 54° 126° N.W. 54° 124° S.E. 54° 127° N.E. 55° 127° S.W. 56° 125° N.E. 53° 124° N.W. 52° 122° S.E. 52° 121° N.E. 54° 126° N.E. 51° 123° S.E. 53° 122° S.E. 52° 122° S.E. 53° 124° N.W. 55° 126° S.W. 54° 121° S.W. 53° 121° N.W. 55° 127° S.W. 51° 123° S.E. 56° 125° N.E. 55° 127° S.W. 54° 126° N.E. 53° 124° N.W. 53° 124° N.W. 2 2 2 ~1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 1 1 3 3 ~i 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 ~3 3 1 1 3 3 3 - 2 2 2 .... - 3 ~3 - - "i 12 14 14 A47 14 11 11 11 12 14 28 31 28 34 31 35 27 29 26 26 30 28 33 33 29 35 33 34 28 29 30 31 23 35 30 25 28 28 28 BUY Callison Copper . Contact HAB Northwestern Explorations — Reed Central British Columbia Abe Babs Copper Nos. 1 to 4 Cronin Babine . DA- — Duthie Omineca Omineca _ Omineca Ike — 3 3 3 3 - - ~3 - - Iron Mountain _. McDonald Island Omineca Cariboo. Cariboo _ Omineca Ni Pat 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 — Rio Canadian, French Peak Rio Canadian, Hutton Omineca , Spokane Omineca Omineca- Omineca Omineca Zeke Shipping Mines.—(1) Metal contributed at least 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment. (2) Metal contributed less than 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment. Production lor 1956 is listed in Table XV. Non-shipping Mines.—(3) Metal present, indicated by assay or mineralogical determination. 239 240 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Lode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1956 Annual Report—Continued Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude •a o a 1-. a > c/5 o a a o 0 ■a rt QJ ►J o § c 0} _G Q 3 H E 3 1 ■a u c o » U c 71 _0 5 E 9 c ti 3 u 3 c h "3 O z £ _ ■3 _- >! 0 S 7i j_ o 0 00 « Ph Coast and Islands A.M. New Westminster. Skeena Skeena- Nanaimo... Victoria Victoria Nanaimo. 49° 121° S.E. 55° 129° S.W. 56° 129° S.W. 50° 125° S.E. 48° 124° N.W. 48° 124° N.E. 49° 125° N.W. 55° 129° N.W. 49° 123° N.E. 50° 125° S.E. 49° 125° N.E. 55° 129° S.W. 49° 121° S.W. 48° 123° N.W. 48° 124° N.E. 48° 124° S.E. 49° 126° N.W. 56° 130° S.E. 49° 126° S.E. 50° 126° S.W. 49° 125° N.W. 49° 125° N.E. 50° 127° S.E. 55° 129° N.W. 50° 126° S.W. 48° 123° N.W. 48° 124° N.E. 49° 121° S.W. 52° 131° S.E. 55° 130° S.E. 50° 127° S.E. 48° 124° N.W. 50° 127° S.E. 49° 124° N.W. 49° 124° N.W. 55° 129° N.W. 50° 126° S.W. 56° 130° S.E. 56° 130° S.E. 56° 130° S.E. 54° 130° S.E. 49° 126° N.W. 49° 126° N.W. 48° 124° S.E. 52° 131° N.W. 48° 124° N.W. 52° 132° N.E. 52° 126° N.W. 55° 129° N.W. 49° 124° N.W. 49° 124° N.W. 50° 127° S.W. 50° 120° N.E. 51° 119° N.W. 50° 121° N.E. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 121° S.E. 50° 122° N.W. 51° 119° N.W. 50° 120° N.E. 50° 121° N.W. 49° 120° S.W. 49° 118° S.W. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 121° N.E. 50° 122° N.W. 50° 120° S.W. 51° 119° S.W. 2 - 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 — 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 - - - — - — - - - - 114 ''I 1R a47 I'M Vft 21 11 . 2 ~2 1 3 ~1 3 1 - 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 - 2 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 ~i 3 3 ~1 1 - - Nanaimo Nanaimo L_.s - 119 nnnhle. Rri 11 New Westminster- Victoria A48 E.B.V _ 136 - - - Gabbro - ., Victoria 124 131 15 119 13 . Iron Hill - Nanaimo . 119 131 117 1 21 133 - ._. Victoria Victoria.. New Westminster.. Skeena— Skeena Nanaimo . Alberni- _ 135 111 115 - - , , 18 117 123 Old Sport - Nanaimo ... Nanaimo Nanaimo. Skeena.. .. . Nanaimo Skeena 117 116 116 ?1 Rhoda ... |... 2| 2 ... | 3 ... |- 134 17 Skeena Skeena. _ Skeena.. 1R 17 1 . Star of the West Stormont . - - Alberni Alberni — Victoria Skeena- Alberni - - 119 131 174 11 1 1?4 1 3 125 Torger Copper- - — Skeena 22 19 Yellow Jacket- . „ Yellow Kid Nanaimo Nanaimo Nanaimo Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops . Kamloops Lillooet Kamloops .. Kamloops .. Lillooet Similkameen Greenwood Nicola Kamloops Lillooet Kamloops. Kamloops 116 116 Yreka 117 South Central British Columbia Ajax , ,. Ash 63 69 44 Bethlehem Copper - I- 11 2 I3 .. i- 2| 2 -1- ... 1 2 45 45 Bralorne Cam Commercial Minerals Limited Copper King * Copper Mountain „ Copper Queen. — 37 69 67 41 72 75 47 D.W _ - Dry Gulch Dunmore Mines Limited East Lemhi - 3 - 2 1 44 41 46 A49 LODE-METAL DEPOSITS 241 Lode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1956 Annual Report—Continued Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude •3 0 u 0) a a o U •3 rt V o 3 c a _D 3 3 H E 3 | ■3 rt a g o C rt bo 3 a E 3 E rt -. D 5 o Q> c H s z E 3 3 aj •3 S >! O 2 j_ o 0 _ -0 rt a, South Central British Columbia—■ Continued 51° 122° S.W. 50° 120° N.E. 49° 119° S.W. 49° 120° S.E. 50° 121° S.E. 49° 118° S.W. 49° 119° S.E. 50° 120° N.E. 50° 120° N.E. 50° 120° S.W. 50° 121° N.E. 50° 121° S.E. 50° 122° N.W. 49° 119° S.W. 49° 120° S.W. 50° 120° N.E. 49° 118° S.W. 49° 120° S.E. 49° 118° S.W. 50° 120° N.W. 50° 120° S.W. 49° 119° S.W. 50° 121° N.E. 49° 118° S.W. 50° 122° N.W. 49° 118° S.W. 50° 120° N.E. 49° 120° S.W. 51° 119° N.W. 49° 118° S.W. 50° 120° N.W. 49° 121° S.E. 50° 121° N.E. 50° 120° N.W. 50° 120° N.W. 50° 121° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 116° S.W. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 117° N.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 116° S.W. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 117° S.E. 49° 115° N.W. 49° 116° S.W. 50° 117° S.E. 49° 116° S.E. 49° 116° S.E. 50° 115° N.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 117° S.E. 50° 117° N.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 3 - 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 ~3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 ~3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 3 i 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 li 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 i 3 3 - - - - 3 37 Evening Star. Fairview Kamloops— Osoyoos. - . . Osoyoos. Kamloops Greenwood 57 74 73 Graham Bousquet — Greyhound Highian'l-Rell 45 75 7<\ Kamloops .. Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Kamloops Lillooet Osoyoos Similkameen . Kamloops- - 58 58 Jericho Mines Limited- 46 43 Laco Mines Limited — . Little Gem Little Joe , 45 40 a49 136 63 75 Nickel Plate - Noranda, Eholt Osoyoos Greenwood Kamloops 1 3 1 2 3 3 ~3 3 2 - 3 2 1 ~3 2 3 1 3 3 1 3 2 i 3 3 A49 75 4 . Northwestern Explorations, Guichon 46 Olalla -.. Osoyoos Kamloops Greenwood 73 41 7 , 39 Python Red Star Kamloops Similkameen Kamloops Greenwood Kamloops Similkameen Kamloops- Kamloops Kamloops 54 71 70 Ruby Salmo Prince Silver Hill A49 43 Transvaal Tri-Side 44 44 41 46 Southeastern British Columbia A.U 98 9"> Nelson 77 Austin 98 105 Wiifhell 89 Boh 106 Boomerang 99 96 Fort Steele 108 1 .1 Buffalo 1 1 Slocan Fort Steele Nelson Slocan Nelson Nelson.- Golden Nelson Slocan 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 93 10 . Copper Queen 8 . Cork — — - - - 93 a50 107 111 79 96 89 80 99 80 96 78 Creston Hill Cu Deer Horn Discovery Fraction Dodger. _ Eclipse Emerald Enterprise- Eureka Nelson Revelstoke Nelson Slocan. Nelson "0 Shipping Mines.—(1) Metal contributed at least 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment. (2) Metal contributed less than 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment. Production for 1956 is listed in Table XV. Non-shipping Mines.—(3) Metal present, indicated by assay or mineralogical determination. 242 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956 Lode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1956 Annual Report—Continued Property Mining Division Latitude and Longitude 2 o 0 > c/5 a o. o O •a r. u a N c _■ bo 3 3 H E 3 1 "3 rt u 3 O _. ca U a 60 C « 2 E 3 3 rt Ih 3 a Ih U % 3 P a_ u z E 3 3 ■3 .3 >f 0 _. « _- o 0 <- rt P. Southeastern British Columbia— Continued 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° S.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.W. 50° 116° S.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 115° N.W. 49° 116° S.W. 51° 118° S.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 115° N.W. 49° 116° S.W. 49° 116° N.W. 50° 116° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 116° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° S.E. 49° 117° S.W. 50° 117° S.E. 50° 116° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 116° S.W. 49° 116° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.W. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.W. 50° 116° N.E. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 50° 116° S.E. 49° 117° S.E. 50° 116° S.W. 50° 116° N.W. 49° 116° N.W. 50° 116° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.W. 50° 117° N.W. 49° 116° S.W. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 116° S.E. 49° 115° N.W. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 116° N.W. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 117° S.W. 49° 117° N.E. 49° 116° N.E. 49° 117° N.E. 50° 117° S.E. 49° 117° N.E. 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 3 1 3 2 3 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 1 ~3 3 1 3 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 ~Z 3 3 3 2 3 1 1 _ 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 1 ~3 1 3 3 ~i 1 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 - 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 ~2 — - ~i - 2 - - - 98 9R 80 H.B. - Nelson Nelson S3 1 3 so 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 2 1 3 2 2 3 i 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 96 Slocan Slocan Slocan . 97 Hewitt 97 91 91 95 Hope — Hungry Man I.X.L. - 87 79 Trail Creek Slocan - 77 J.G. 106 Jersey. — — King, Cranbrook — King, Creston 80 Fort Steele Nelson - 108 106 114 Kootenay Florence 91 Fort Steele - Nelson 109 Lakeview - 86 91 Golden Slocan Nelson- 11? 95 Lucky Boy, Crescent Valley Lucky Boy, Salmo MB ... 77 80 107 Slocan Nelson Trail Creek Slocan Golden Slocan Slocan Fort Steele.. Slocan Slocan 96 107 77 93 110 Monarch — — 96 106 108 94 98 80 OK Trail Creek 77 Ottawa Slocan... Slocan. Golden. Nelson Nelson. Golden — 99 99 111 80 Queen Victoria - - 78 110 Reeves MacDonald- — . Right Bower - - — 85 Slocan - Golden Slocan Golden Slocan Nelson Slocan 106 11? Santa Fe 88 111 Silver Glance Silver King 92 79 94 Snowdrop - 76 Revelstoke. 99 Nelson Slocan 86 96 A.I Star No. 1 Nelson Fort Steele A50 108 Slocan 90 97 Slocan Slocan 87 Utica - 93 97 Trail Creek 76 Slocan Fort Steele 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 — 2 — — - — - — — — 95 108 Slocan Slocan Slocan.. 98 Whitewater — Wonderful — 93 95 INDEX Page "A" East mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W 217 "A" North mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W 219 "A" West mine, Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W 217 dangerous occurrence 208 Upper "A" West mine 218 A.M., 49° 121° S.E 114 A.U. (Lucky Thought), 49° 117° N.E A 50, 97, 98 A.U. No. 1 98 A.U. No. 2 98 A.V. Richardson Ltd 158 Abbotsford, 49° 122° S.E., clay and shale.... 151 sand and gravel 155 Abbotsford Gravel Sales Ltd 155 Abe, 53° 124° N.W 28 Aberdeen, 50° 120° S.W 46 accidents, coal mines 200 metal mines and quarries 167 Acheson, lohn 138 Adams Bros. A 48 Adanac, 52° 120° S.W 34 Adanac Fraction 34 Adanac No. 1 34 Adanac No. 2 34 Addison, Albert 212 Adernack, S. E 155 Administration Branch A 53 Agassiz, 49° 121° S.W., limestone 152 Agassiz Lime Quarry, 49° 121° S.W 152 Ainsworth, 49° 116° N.W 91 air-borne magnetometer surveys, Texada Island and Campbell River . 10 air photography and topographic mapping.... A 69 air-sampling, coal mines 207 lode mines and quarries 184 Aitchison, H. W., Instructor A 60 Aiax, 50° 120° N.E 48,50,51,53,63 Akokli Creek, 49° 116° S.W 87 Alaska Pine and Cellulose Limited 154 Albatross—see Trojan. Alberni Mining Division, prospecting A 67 Albert Head, 48° 123° S.E., sand and gravel 158 Albion, 49° 116° N.W 91 155 129 19 108 14 40 Aldergrove, 49° 122° S.E., sand and gravel . Alexander, B. L 116, Alice Arm, 56° 129° S.E Alki (lohn) Creek, 49° 116° N.E Allan, A Allen, A. R Page Allen, J. C. L 45 Allenby, 49° 120° S.W 72 Amakua, 50° 120° N.E Amato-Ruby, 50° 116° S.W Amazon, 49° 116° N.W 67 106 92 94 18 American Boy, 49° 117° N.E. American Creek, 56° 129° S.W American Smelting and Refining Co. Ltd 45 American Standard Mines Limited, Frazer Lake 28 King Fissure 114 Analytical and Assay Branch A 58 Anderson, Allan I. 11 C 91 lames 222 Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Norman 191 R. E., petroleum engineer A 62 Anderson Creek, 50° 120° N.E. 47, 67 andesite 149 antimony, production A 18, A 27, A 32 Antler Creek, 53° 121° S.E., placer 141 Antler Mountain Gold Ltd. 141 Anuk River, 57° 131° S.W 14 Anyox, 55° 129° S.W 21 Apps, G. E 43, 44, 45 Archer, 49° 117° S.E 77 Archibald, A. Arcon Base Metals Limited Argentine, 56° 129° S.W. Argonaut, 49° 125° N.W. (see also Iron Hill), dangerous occurrence Argonaut Co. Ltd., The _. Argus, 50° 125° S.E. 99 90 18 181 131 A 47 Argus Consolidated Mines Ltd. _ A 47 Armstrong, J. E., Geological Survey of Canada A 71 Arrowsmith, O. 107 arsenious oxide, production A 34 asbestos, production A 19, A 28, A 34 McDame 146 Ash, 51° 119° S.W 69 Ashcroft, 50° 121° N.E. 41 Aspen Creek, 49° 117° S.E 83 Atlin Mining Division, prospecting A 64 Atlin Placers Limited 138 Aurea, 49° 116° S.E 107 Aurum, 53° 121° S.W. A47, 31 dangerous occurrence 183 Austin, 49° 117° N.E A 50, 97, 98 Avallin, 48° 124° N.W 124 Avison, R. A. 96 Aztec Exploration Ltd. 75 B " South mine, Michel Colliery, 49° N.W. 114" B.C. Copper Company . BUY, 57° 131° S.W. ... Babine Bonanza Mining and Milling Company Limited B 219 78 14 27 Babine Chief, 54° 126° N.W. ... 27 Babine Lake, 54° 126 N.E 29 Babs, 53° 124° N.W 28 Bacon, W. R., geologist, field work A 61 report on iron-ore deposits in coastal and southwestern British Columbia 125 Baker Brick & Tile Company Limited 152 Bainbridge, N. E. 87 Baldy Mountain, 49° 114° N.W., coal 220 Baldy Mountain strip mines, 49° 114° N.W. 220 Ball, W. H. 40 Balmer, Thomas 216 243 L 244 INDEX Page Bamberton, 48° 123° N.W., limestone 154 Banker, 49° 116° N.W 91 barite, production A 18, A 28, A 34 Brisco 148 Barker, H. G 83 Barkerville, 53° 121° S.W 31 placer 139 Barnet, 49° 122° S.W., clay and shale 151 Barrett-Leonard, W. I 156 Bartlet, 49° 117° S.E 79 Batchelor, Henry 219 batholith, Guichon Creek 41 Iron Mask _ _ . 47 Baynes, E. G. 150 Bazan Bay, 48° 123° N.E., clay 151 Bazan Bay Brick & Tile Company Limited 151 Beale, Stanley 153 Beale Quarries Limited 153 Bear Creek Brick Company 150 Bear Mountain, 50° 114° S.W., coal 224 Beasley, 49° 117° S.E 78 Beatrice, 50° 117° N.W 105 Beatrice Mining Co. Ltd. 105 Beattie, G. N. . _ 35 Beaver, 50° 121° N.E 44 Beaver Lodge Uranium Mines Limited 44 Beaver Pass Gold Placers 141 Beaverdell, 49° 119° S.E. 74 Beavervale Creek, 49° 117° S.E 80 Beckman, Harry _ 171 Beddie, D. C 111 bee-hive ovens 221 Beggs Gulch, 53° 121° S.W., placer 141 Beguin, A. C. 146 Bella Coola, 52° 126° N.W 22 Benischke, M. R 139 Bennie, W. 213 Benson (Elk) Lake, 50° 127° S.E. 117 Benson River, 50° 127° S.E 117 bentonite, production A 34 Berens River Mines Limited, Kamloops 48, 58, 63, 67, 68 Spider 100 Berry, J. 146 Bert, 49° 115° S.W 158 Bertha, 50° 120° S.W 46 Besecker, L. D. 93 Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd. .....10, 41, 45 Bethsaida Copper Mines Limited 45 Bevister, T. 39 Big Bull, 58° 133° N.W A 47, 12 Big Flame mine, 49° 123° S.W 212 Big Timothy Mountain—see Takomkane Mountain Biggs, I 73 Biggs, Leroy 141 Biggs, Mrs. Leroy 141 Bil Mecky, 49° 117° S.E 77 Bindschedlar, A. 141 Birch Island, 51° 119° N.W 70 bismuth, production A 18, A 27, A 32 Black, J. C 95 Black, I. M 133 Black Beaver Placers Ltd 142 Blackmore, R. T 43 Blacky, 52° 120° S.W 34 120° S.W...... 215 192 Blakeburn strip mine, 49 Bloomer, T. O. Blubber Bay, 49° 124° N.W., limestone.153, 154 Blue Creek, Dease River, 59° prospecting 128° N.W., „A 64 Page Blue Creek, Yalakom River, 51° 122° S.W. 37 Blue Flame, Wellington, 49° 123° S.W 212 Blue Flame Colliery Limited 215 Blue Flame No. 2 mine, Princeton, 49° 120° S.W 214 Blue Grouse, Cowichan Lake, 48° 124° N.E. A 48, 120 dangerous occurrence 181 Blue Grouse, Reginald Lake, 49° 125° N.W...A48 Bluebell, 49° 116° N.W A 50, 89, 90 Bluebell Bay, 49° 116° N.W 90 Bluebell Mountain, 49° 116° N.W 90 Blueberry Creek, 49° 116° N.W 87 Blumont Mines Ltd. 86 Board of Examiners for Coal-mine Officials A 60, 209 Bob, 49° 116° S.W 106 Bobbie Burns Creek, 50° 116° N.W 112 Boe, B. 142 Boisvert, W. 99 Bon Ton Syndicate 107 Bonanza, 54° 126° N.W 27 Bonanza Creek, 55° 129° S.W 22 Bonar, Robert B., Senior Inspector of Mines A 60 195 211 ... 224 34 report on coal on Vancouver Island Bond, F. Bonnie, 52° 120° S.W Bonnie Etta, 50° 120° N.E 59, 60 Boomerang, 49° 117° N.E A 50, 99 Border Sand and Gravel Company 155 Bornite, 48° 124° N.W 123 Bortoluzzi, Ivo 148, 169 Borup, Edward L. 71 Boss Mountain, 52° 120° S.W 34 Bosun, 49° 117° N.E 96 Boswell, 49° 116° S.W 87 Boulder, 55° 129° N.W 21 Boundary Lake, Kootenay area, 49° 116° S.W . 85 Boundary Lake, Peace River area, 56° 130° S.E., oil 161 Boy Scout, 49° 116° N.E 108 Boyles Bros. Drilling Company Ltd 45 Brady, F. I A 50, 106 Bralorne, 50° 122° N.W A 49, 37 dangerous occurrences 180, 181, 182, 183 Bralorne Mines Limited 37 Elizabeth --. 3 7 Little Gem 40 Nitinat area 123 Bray, F 155 Bray, J 155 Brennan, E. 107 Brett, Leonard 221 Brewer, A. 114 Brewer, S. 114 Brewis and White Ltd 90 brick, production A 18,A 29, A 36 Bridge, C. W 157 Bridge River, 50° 122° N.W 37 placer 142 14 221 200 Brikon Explorations Limited- briquette plant ... briquetting Brisco, 50° 116° N.E., barite 148 Britannia, 49° 123° N.E A 48, 115 dangerous occurrence 181 Britannia Beach, 49° 123° N.E 115 sand and gravel 157 Britannia Mining and Smelting Co. Limited. 115 INDEX 245 Page British Columbia Cement Company Limited 154 British Columbia Mining Association Safety Division 192 Broan, M. E 135 Bronson, C. E 146 Brossard, R. A 41 Broswick, N. 139 Brown, A. 141 Brown, A. Sutherland, geologist, field work..A 62 reports by 33 Brown, lames 222, 223 Bruce, S. G 117 Bryant, A. E 17 Bryden, Thomas 214 Brynelson, B. O 117 Buckerfield, R. B 111 Buckland, F. C 78 Buckland, J. H 142 Buckland, T. R 94 Budwiser No. 2, 49° 116° N.W 92 Buffalo, 49° 117° N.E A 51 Bugaboo, Ainsworth, 49° 116° N.W. — see Noranda Bugaboo, Bugaboo Creek, 50° 116° N.W..... 142 Bugaboo Creek, 50° 116° N.E.. Bugnello, Mr. building-stone Page ..... 142 .._. 18 ..__ 149 production. -A 18, A 29, A 36 Bulkley Pioneer, 54° 126° N.W 27 Bulkley Valley Collieries Limited 224 bumps and outbursts, coal mines 208 Bunker Hill Company 106 Burdett, George 46 Burgess, A. 79 Burgess, M. 79 Burgleman, G. 33 Burnaby, 49° 122° S.W 156 Burnett, W. B 31, 73 Burns, D 100 Burns Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 139 Burton, R. W 19 Burton, 49° 117° N.W 99 Butler, Claude 157 Butler Brothers Supplies Ltd 157 Butler Ridge, 56° 122° S.E., coal 225 by-product plant, Michel 220 Bysouth, A. 106 cadmium deposits 239 production A 18, A 27, A 32 Cadwallader Creek, 50° 122° N.W 37, 39 Caledonia, 50° 117° S.E A 50, 93 Calimente, D. 30, 31 Calling Lake, 50° 121° S.E 45 Callison Copper, 58° 131° N.W 14 Cam, 51° 119° N.W 69 Camborne, 50° 117° N.W 99 Cameron, T. 149 Camp Lister, 49° 116° S.E 107 Campbell, C. M., Ir 11 Campbell, D. S. 89 Campbell River, 50° 125° S.E., iron... 119 Campsall, Alfred R 108 Campsall, 49° 115° N.W. 108 Canada Trust Company 93 Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, Glengarry and Stormont 131 Iron River 131 Lady A 135 Lewis mine 212 Tsable River 213 Canadian Exploration Limited, Argentine... 18 DA 29 Mohawk and Spokane 35 Salmo 80 dangerous occurrences 180, 184 Canadian Mining and Smelting Company 54 Canam Copper Company Limited 114 Can-Amer mill 93 Can-Amer Mining and Milling Company Ltd. 93 Canary, 54° 127° N.E 26 Canopus—see Trojan Canyon Creek, 49° 116° N.W 88 Capilano Crushing Co. Ltd. 157 Capilano River, 49° 123° S.E., sand and gravel 157 Carabine Creek, 50° 120° N.W 52 Carbillet, A. 141 Cariboo area, lode metals 31 placer 139 Cariboo Gold Quartz, 53° 121° S.W A 47, 31 Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited, The, Aurum and Cariboo Gold Quartz 31 French 7 3 Iron Mountain 33 Cariboo River, 52° 121° N.W., placer 141 Carnegie Mines of British Columbia Ltd., The 94 Carnsew, lohn M. 150 Carr, I. M., geologist, field work A 62 report on Kamloops area 47 Carruthers, R. B. 213 Carruthers and Wakelam No. 3 mine, 49° 124° S.E 213 Cartwright, F. W 87 Casino Creek, 59° 133° N.E., placer 138 Cassiar, 59° 129° S.E 11 asbestos 146 Cassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited 146 accidents 169, 173 Castle, Mrs. R. F 159 Castles, G. R. 142 Cave, G. C. B., Chief Analyst and Assayer A 2, A 58 Caycuse River, 48° 124° N.W. . 122 Cayoosh Cheek, 50° 121° N.W 41 Cedar Creek, Ainsworth, 49° 116° N.W 91 Cedar Creek, Quesnel River area, 52° 121° N.W., placer 141 celestite, Birch Island 70 cement 152 production A 18, A 29, A 36 29 ..A 53 Centennial Mines Ltd. Central Records Office certificates of competency, lode mines and quarries 190 coal mines 209 Cewe, lack 156 Chalmers, H. 83 Chambers, R. H 211 Chambers No. 5 mine, 49° 123° S.W 211 Channel Placers, Inc 141 Channing, R. H. 14 Chapman, William 216, 220 246 INDEX Page Chapman Camp, 49° 115° N.W 109 Cheam Lake, 49° 121° S.W., marl 154 Cheam Marl Products Ltd. 154 Cheam Range, 49° 121° S.W 115 Cheam View, 49° 121° S.W 149 Cheesman, W. C. 37 Chemainus River, 48° 123° N.W 135 Chernoff, Alex. S 170 Cherry Bluff, 50° 120° N.W... .48, 53 Chester, Daniel 221 Chilko Lake, 51° 124° S.E., prospecting A 65 Chilliwack, 49° 121° S.W., granite 149 China Boy, 52° 132° N.E 125 Chipman Creek, 48° 123° N.W 135 Christensen, A. D 23, 116, 129 Christensen, H. C 139 Christian, I. B 146 Christie, R. L., Geological Survey of Canada.A 71 chromite, production A 32 Churn Creek, 51 122° N.E 35 Clarke, Frank 169, 173 Clarke, H. Gibson 155 clay and shale 150 Clayburn Company Limited 151 dangerous occurrence 182 Clearbrooke, 49° 122° S.E., sand and gravel 155 Clearwater, 51° 120° N.E 69 Clearwater Creek, 55° 129° N.W 19 Clearwater River, 51° 120° N.E 69 Clifford, coal mine—see Big Flame Climax Molybdenum Company 34 Clinton, 51° 121° S.W 35 Clinton Mining Division, prospecting A 65 Clitheroe, G. A 48 Cloverdale, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel. 155 Clubine, L. R 80, 85 coal 195 fees and licences A 58 price A 16 production . A 17, A 18, A 24, A30, A 37, A 38, 196-198 samples A 5 8 Coal Creek, 49° 115° S.E., coal 221 coal dust 207 Coal Hill, 50° 120° N.E 47, 51 coal mines, accidents 200 bumps and outbursts 208 dangerous occurrences 208 electric power 229 labour and employment A 45, 200 men employed, by collieries and district 199 prosecutions 208 coal-preparation plants 200 "Coal Sales Act" 209 Coalmont, 49° 120° S.W., coal 215 Coalmont Collieries Limited 215 Coast Copper Company, Limited 117 Coast Mountains 15 cobalt, deposits 239 production A 3 2 Cobble Hill, 48° 123° N.W., limestone 154 Cochrane, J. 213 Codville, F. H. M 33 Cody, 49° 117° N.E 94 Cody-Reco Mines Limited 94 Coffee Creek, 49 ° 116 ° N.W 91 Coggan, A. D 74 Cogle Pass, 49° 116° N.W 87 coke and by-products, production A 39 coke-making 200 Coldwater coal mines, 50° 120° S.W 215 No. 5 mine 215 Page Coldwater Sand and Gravel Co. Ltd 157 Colebrook Sand and Gravel Company Limited 155 Coleman Collieries Limited 223 Colleaux, R. A 216 Columbia Cellulose Company 224 Columbia Gypsum Co. Ltd 152 Columbia River, 51° 118° N.W., placer..l42, 143 columbium, Spillimacheen 142 Comfort, 49° 116° N.W.—; 89 Commercial Minerals Limited 67 Comox, 49° 124° N.W., coal 213 Concordia, 49° 117° S.W 76 Conklin Gulch, 53° 121° S.W., placer 139 Connell, F. M 14, 148 Connor Creek, 49° 117° S.E 79 Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, The, Ajax and Monte Carlo 48, 63 Any ox 21 Big Bull and Tulsequah Chief 12 Bluebell 89 Deer Horn 79 Double Ed 22 Eclipse 101 Fairview 74 Ferguson 3 0 Fife 152 Gypo, Oliver 159 H.B. 83 Highland 91 Kootenay Florence 91 Lakeshore 91 Lead Mountain 112 McDonald Island 29 Reed 11 Silver King 79 Sullivan 188 Sunloch 124 Swannell 3 0 Whitewater 93 Construction Aggregates Ltd. 157 Contact, 59° 129° S.W ..... .....A 47 Conwest Exploration Company Limited, King Mountain 148 Windy 14 Cooke, Edward A 49 Cooper, I. A 93 Cooper, L. 213 Copeland Creek, 51° 118° S.E 114 Copeland, Mount, 51° 118° S.E 114 copper, deposits 236 price A 10, A 16 production A 17-A 26, A 47 Copper Camp, 49° 118° S.W 75 Copper Creek, 51° 122° S.W 35 Copper Head, 50° 120° N.E.......48, 49, 52, 54, 56 Copper Island—see McDonald Island Copper King, Cherry Creek, 50° 120° N.W. 48,53 Copper King, Rusty Creek, 50° 121° N.W.... 41 Copper Leaf Mines Limited 78 Copper Mountain, 49° 120° S.W A 49, 10,72 dangerous occurrence 183 Copper Nos. 1 to 4, 51 ° 122° S.W 35 Copper Queen, Greenwood, 49° 118° S.W. . 75 Copper Queen, Monk Creek, 49° 116° S.W.. 85 Copper Ridge Silver Zinc Mines Limited 122 Copper Road, 50° 125° S.E A 48 Copperado, 50° 120° S.W A 49, 47 Coquitlam, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel.. 156 INDEX 247 Cork, 50° 117° S.E 93 Cormie, A. M. 19 Cornish, N. G. 23, 27 Coronation Mountain, 48° 123° N.W 135 Corporation of the District of Surrey 155 Corporation of the Municipality of Burnaby.. 156 Corporation of the Township of Langley 155 Corrigan, Harry 217 Cosburn, S. S., mineral engineer, field work—A 62 report on petroleum and natural gas 161 Cottonwood River, 53° 122° S.W., placer...... 141 Coulter, L 21 Coveney, C. J. 45 Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd. 120 Cowichan Lake, 48° 124° N.E 120 Cranbrook, 49° 115° N.W 108 silica 158 Crawford, F. E. A 50 Crawford, 49° 116° S.E A 50 Crawford Creek, 49° 116° N.W 87, 88 Creery, L. C 27 Crescent—see Eden and Crescent Crescent Valley, 49° 117° S.W. 77 Creston, 49° 116° S.W 106 Page Creston Hill, 49° 116° S.E 107 Crofton, 48° 123° N.W., slag 159 Crofton Slag Dump 159 Cronin Babine, 54° 126° N.W A 47, 27 Cronin Mountain, 54° 126° N.W 27 Crowe, Warren 76 Crowe-Swords, R. 96 Crowhurst, I. J. A. 15 Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, The, Baldy Mountain strip mines 220 Elk River Colliery 221 Michel Colliery . by-product plant briquetting plant Cu, 50° 115° N.W Cuisson Lake, 52° 122° S.E.. Cullen, A. Cullinane, J. A. Cunliffe, T. H., Instructor _ Cunningham Creek, 53' Cupid, 50° 120° N.E.. Curran Knowles ovens Cutler, Hiram Cytko, William 121° S.W., placer. 216 . 220 ._ 221 .. Ill - 33 .. 213 .. 98 ..A 60 „ 141 - 67 .. 220 .. 152 ._ 217 D D.A., 54° 124° D.W., 50° 121' S.E.... N.E.. 29 44 dangerous occurrences, coal mines 208 lode mines and quarries 178 Danielson, Albin Danira, 49° 116° N.W. Dark Canyon Creek, 49 ° Darling, H. Davey, Andrew Davey, William Davidson, A. M. Davis, S. H 116° S.W. 168 91 87 45 217 219 154 75 Dawson Creek, 55° 120° N.E., refinery.. ..161 Day, Clyde 138 Day, T. I 45 Deadman, 49° 117° N.E 94 Deadwood camp, 49° 118° S.W 75 Deeks-McBride Ltd., Bazan Bay 151 Coquitlam Creek 156 Seymour Creek 156 79 30 107 119 Department of Mines and Technical Surveys .A 71 .A 53 30,31, 112 Deer Horn, 49° 117° S.E. Delkluz Lake, 56° 125° N.E.. Demchuk, H. Dendoff, H. E. departmental work Derry, D. R. -29, Desoto Mines Limited, Hansard 30 Hutton 31 Devlin Bench, 53° 121° S.W., placer 139 Dewey, 50° 120° N.E 69 Dewis, S. 98 De Yaeger, J. 74 diatomite, production „.A 18, A 28, A 34 diesel equipment, underground 184 diesel locomotives, coal mines 207 Dilsworth, Mount, 56° 130° S.E 18 Discovery, 59° 133° N.E 138 Discovery Fraction, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 96 Discovery Hill, 51° 119° N.W 69 dividends, coal mines A 43 copper mines A 43 lode-gold mines A 41 silver-lead-zinc mines A 42 dividends—continued paid, 1955-56 A 40 paid yearly, 1917-56 A 40 Dixie, 49° 116° N.W 89 Dixon, Frank E 203, 213 Dockrill, A. H 224 Dockrill, F. M 224 Dodger, 49° 117° S.E . A 50, 80 Doelle, H. E. 110 Dome, 54° 127° N.E 26 Dome Fraction, 54° 127° N.E 26 Domineer, 49° 125° N.E 119 Dominion Creek, 59° 133° N.W 137 Donald, I. B 89 Doran, M. 77 Doratty, Robert 219 Dorflinger, C. T 138 Dornberg, 49° 121° S.E 71 Double Ed, 55° 129° S.W 22 Douglas, 49° 121° S.W A 48 Doyle, E.N 12 Dragon Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 139 drain-tile, production A 18, A 29, A 36 Dramont Mines, Inc 139 Drury, K. C 18 Dry Gulch (group), 50° 121° N.W 41 Drybrough, I. 99 Dueck Building Supplies Ltd 155 Dueck's Gravel Pit 155 Dumac Mines Limited 98 Duncan, 48° 123° N.W., sand and gravel-.- 158 116° S.W 106 N.W 131 S.E 78 141 Dunmore Mines Ltd 46 Dunn, A 212 Dunn, W. St. C 22, 23, 28 Dunsworth, R. A 12 dust conditions at British Columbia metalliferous mines during 1956 185 dust control, metal mines and quarries 185 dust counts obtained each year since 1937 187 Duthie, 54° 127° N.E 26 Duthie Mines (1940) Limited 26 Duncan Lake, 50° Dundas, 49° 126° Dundee, 49° 117° Dunlop, T. M.... 248 INDEX Page E.B.V., 48° 123° N.W 136 E. R. Taylor Construction Co. Ltd 156 Eagle, Maple Bay, 55° 130° S.E 19 Eagle Creek, 49° 117° S.E 78 East Kootenay Inspection District 215 East Lemhi Mining Company A 49 Eastmont, 49° 117° N.E 98 Eastwood, G. E. P., geologist, field work A 62 Spider and Eclipse 99 Eberts, Henry 219 Ecclestone, T. 213 Eclipse, 50° 117° N.W A 50, 99 Eden and Crescent, 49° 116° N.W 91 Edith Lake, 50° 120° N.E 47, 49 Edwards, W. E 33 Ehlers, J. C 111 Eholt, 49° 118° S.W 75 Elcho Harbour, 52° 127° S.W., prospecting A 65 electric power 227 coal mines 229 lode mines 227 non-metallic mines and quarries 228 placer mines 228 well drilling rigs 229 electricity, coal mines 206 Elizabeth, 51° 122° S.W 37 Elk Lake—see Benson Lake Elk River Colliery, 49° 114° S.W 221 Ella, 52° 132° N.E 125 Ellen, 49° 116° N.W.—see Sullivan Ellison, Henry L 203 Elsie Holmes, 49° 116° S.W 106 Elworthy, H. B 159 Emerald, 49° 117° S.E A 50, 80 Empire, 50° 121° S.E.. Page 45 Empire Development Company Limited 117 employment, coal mines A 45, 200 lode-metal mines A 5^2 mining industry. A 45 Endersby, A. 80 Endersby, A., Ir A 51 Enterprise, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 96, 98 Enterprise Creek, Cayoosh Creek, 50° 121° N.W 41 Enterprise Creek, Slocan Lake, 49° 117° N.E 96,98,99 Enterprise Placers 138 Erickson, E. A 80 Erickson, Nels 154 Erie, 55° 127° S.W 26 Erie Creek, 49° 117° S.E 80 Erin, 50° 120° N.E 48, 60 Esovoloff, F. F 77 Estella Mines Limited, Little Gem 40 Eureka, Cronin Mountain, 54° 126° N.W...-. 27 Eureka, Eagle Creek, 49° 117° S.E A 50, 78 Evans, Trevor 175 Evans, W. Fred 57 Evans, Coleman and lohnson Bros. Ltd 158 Evening Star, 50 °120° N.E 48,53,57 Ewart, T. G 216 Ewin Creek, 50° 114° S.W., coal 224 examinations for assayers A 60 exploration, oil and natural gas 161 explosives, coal mines 205 lode mines and quarries 184 Extension, 49° 123° S.W., coal 211 F.M., 49° 116° N.W.. Fairey, L. T. Fairey & Company Limited- Fairley, lames 90 151 151 214 Fairview, 49° 119° S.W..- A 49, 74 Fairview Camp, 49° 119° S.W 74 Falkland, 50° 119° N.W., gypsum 152 Falkoski, P 159 Fargo, 50° 120° N.E 69 Farris, D. F. (incorrectly D. T.) 43, 44, 45 Farwest Tungsten Copper Mines Limited - 43, 44 Feeney, 49° 117° S.E A 50, 80 Fenton Creek, 51° 122° S.W 36 Ferguson, 56° 125° N.E 30 Ferry Creek, 58° 128° S.W 148 Feyer, J. H 139 field work, B.C. Department of Mines A 61 Geological Survey of Canada A 71 Fife, 49° 118° S.E., limestone 152 Finley Company, Eureka 79 Queen Victoria 78 Firebrand, 49° 116° N.W 91 first aid 190 Fisher Maiden, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 97, 98 Fiva, Gunn 21 Florence No. 1, 49° 116° N.W 91 Floyd, E. A 28 flue-linings, production A 18 fluorite, Birch Island 70 fliuorspar, production A 34 flux, production A 18, A 28, A 34 Foley Peak, 49° 121° S.W 115 Fording River, 50° 114° S.W., coal 224 Forge Mountain, 50° 121° N.E 43,44 Forman, H. D 91, 114 Forster Creek, 50° 116° N.E., placer 143 Fort St. lames, 54° 124° S.E 29 prospecting A 65 Fort St. lohn, 56° 120° S.W., oil and gas... 161 Fort Steele, 49° 115° N.W 109 placer 142 Fort Steele Mining Division, prospecting A 66 Fortunasso, loseph 218 Foster, C. N 155 Foster's Gravel Pit, 49° 122° S.E 155 Fountain, 50° 121° N.W 142 Fountain Creek, 50° 121° N.W 41 Fountainview, 50° 121° N.W 142 Four Creek, 52° 121° N.E., placer 142 Four Mile Mountain, 55° 127° S.W 26 Fraction No. 1 Fraction, 49° 116° S.W 86 Fraction No. 2 Fraction 86 France, Henry A 209 Fraser, W. G 122 Fraser, 48° 124° N.E 122 Fraser Lake, 54° 124° S.W 28 Fraser River, 54° 121° S.W., lode 30 50° 121° N.W., placer 142 Fraser Valley Dyking Commission 149 Fraser Valley Lime Supplies 153 Frebold, H., Geological Survey of Canada ....A 71 Frederking, R. E. 67 freight and treatment, lode-metal mines A 46 INDEX 249 Page French, 49° 120° S.E 73 French Mines Ltd. 73 French Peak, 55° 126° S.W 29 Friday Fraction, 50° 117° S.E 93 Fried, L. 97 Frisina, Umberto . 158 Frobisher, M. 213 Fry, T. 141 Page Fry, W. L., Geological Survey of Canada —-A 71 fuel and electricity used in mines A 44 Fuller, C. M 33 Fulton, Donald I 158 Fyles, J. G., Geological Survey of Canada ...A 71 Flyes, J. T., geologist, field work A 62 report by 135 Gabbro, 48° 124° S.E . 124 Gabbro Copper Mines Limited 124 Gabrielse, H., Geological Survey of Canada .A 71 Gadara Copper Syndicate 35 Galaxy Minerals Ltd. 57 Galena Farm, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 97, 98 Galena Queen, 54° Gallo, J. 127° N.E.. 131° 117° S.W. S.W. 26 106 14 77 216 142 119 73 Geological Survey of Canada, field work A 71 publications A 72 34 139 215 224 Galore Creek, 57° Gander Creek, 49° Gardner H. H Gegg, R. C Geiger, A. F. Geminder, W. W. N.W., placer. Geraldine, 52° 120° S.W.... Germansen River, 55° 124° Gerrard, S. Gething, L. Giant Mascot Mines Limited, Lead Mountain..! 12 Silver Giant . Giegerich, J. E. Gierhartz, C. F. Ill 108 139 Giesen, Fred 138 Gilleland, H. B 23 Gilley, J. H 150, 156 Gilley Bros. Limited, Coquitlam 156 Pitt River 150 Gillies Bay, 49° 124° N.W 116 Gillis, D. Gilmour, H. Gilroy, O. C. ...... Girow, Roger .._ Glacier, 50° 116° 174 213 14 222 106 106 S.W Glacier Creek, 50° 116° S.W Glen, 50° 120° N.W 48 Glen Mountain, 55° 127° S.W 23 Glengarry, 49° 126° N.W 131 Gnawed Mountain, 50° 120° S.W 46 Go Lucky, 49° 117° S.E 80 Goat Creek, 54° 127° N.E., coal 224 Goat River, 49° 116° S.W 107 gold, deposits 239 price A 10, A 16 production A 17-A 26, A 30, A 47 Gold Commissioners, Mining Recorders and Sub-Mining Recorders A 54 Gold Commissioners' and Mining Recorders' office statistics A 56 76 69 139 57 142 18, 80 98 Gold King, 49° 117° S.W. Goldcrest Mines Ltd. Golden Ketch Placers Ltd., The .. Golden Star, 50° 120° N.E Goldstream River, 51° 118° N.W. Gordon, G. A. Gordon, K. Gormley, L. Gowing, O. Graham, F. Ronald Graham, W. E. .97, 99 - 79 ... 213 ... 99 Graham Bosquet Gold Mines Limited, land Valley Kamloops Granby Bay, 55° 129° S.W. ... High- 45 48 22 Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company Limited, The, Copper Mountain 72 French Kamloops McDonald Island Maple Bay Ni Phoenix ..48. 73 66 29 19 34 75 Poison Mountain 35 Granby Slag Dump 159 Grand Forks, 49° 118° S.E., slag 159 Grand Forks Cartage Company Limited 159 Granduc, 56° 130° S.E 15 Granduc Mines, Limited 15, 17 ... 17 ... 149 ... 35 ... 150 ... 78 , A 34 Granduc Mountain, granite 56° 130° S.E. Granite Creek, 51° 123° S.E Granite Falls, 49° 122° S.W Granite Poorman, 49° 117° S.E. granules, production A 18, A 28, graphite, Elcho Harbour A 65 Grassy Creek, 49° 117° S.E 80 Grassy Mountain, 49° 117° S.E 80 Green, L. H., Geological Survey of Canada. A 71 Green Bay Mining & Exploration Ltd 108 Greenway, A. K. 41, 142 Greenwood, 49° 118° S.W 75 slag 159 Greenwood Mining Division, prospecting A 66 Greenwood Slag Dump 159 Greer, lames 192 Gregory, William 217 Greyhound, 49° 118* S.W 75 Grouse Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 141 grub-staking prospectors A 63 Guf, 49° 117° N.E 93 Guerin Creek, 50° 120° N.E 50, 58 Guichon Creek, 50° 120° S.W 46 Guichon Creek batholith 41 Guichon Mine Limited 47 Guiguet, M 31 Gun Creek, 50° 122° N.W 40 gypsum 152 ..A 18, A 28, A 34 production Gypsum Lime and Alabastine, Canada, Limited, Blubber Bay 153 Falkland A 10, 152 250 INDEX H Page HAB, 57° 131° S.W 14 H.B., 49° 117° S.E A 50, 83 dangerous occurrences 179, 182 Hackett River, 58° 131° S.W 14 Haddington Island, 50° 127° N.E 149 Hadgkiss, I 150 Hagan Arm, 54° 126° N.E 29 Haggard, L. R. 29 Haile, loseph I., Instructor A 60 Hall, E. 99 Hall, E., Geological Survey of Canada A 72 Hall, W. 95 Hall Creek, 49° 116° S.E 107 Halley, J. Kenneth 116, 129 Halstead, E. C, Geological Survey of Canada A 71 Ham, A. M 96 Haney, 49° 122° S.W., clay and shale 150 Hansard, 54° 121° S.W 30 Hansen, V. 97 Hanson, V. C 94 Harbottle, E. H. 25 Hard Luck, 49° 117° S.E 80 Harder, H. H 123 Hargood, H. W 139 Harper, Grant 95 Harrison, Minerals Ltd., Mouse Mountain.... 33 Tam O'Shanter 90 Harvey Creek Mines Limited 142 Haskin, Mount, 59° 129° S.E 11 Haskins, R. E 154 Haycock, L. 79 Haylmore, W. 40, 142 Hazelton, 55° 127° S.W 23 Head Bay, 49° 126° N.E 131 Hecla, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 96 Hector, 49 ° 116 ° N.W 91 Hedley, M. S., Senior Geologist A 61 Hedley, 49° 120° S.E 73 Heller, D. W 47 Hellroaring Creek, 49° 116° N.E 108 Hemphill, W. M 159 Henderson, 54° 127° N.E 26 Herbert Creek, 49° 115° N.W 110 Hercules, 49° 116° N.W 92 Hewat, C. H 76 Hewitt, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 97 Hewlett, C. G., geologist, field work A 62 Hidden Creek mine, 55° 129° S.W 21 Hidden Treasure, 50° 116° N.E 112 Higgins, C. 97 Higgins & Co 97 High, William 191, 213 Highland, 49° 116° N.W 91 Highland-Bell, 49° 119° S.E A 48, 74 dangerous occurrence 182 Highland-Bell Limited 74 Highland Sand and Gravel Company Limited 156 Highland Valley 41 Highland Valley Mining Corporation Ltd..... 41 Highlander, 49° 116° N.W A 51, 91 Hill, Henry L 17,27, 111 Hillcrest, 48° 124° N.E 122 Page Hillside, 49° 123° S.E., sand and gravel 157 Hillside Sand & Gravel Limited 157 Hinckley, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 95 Hinckley Mining Co 97 Hirst, P. E 46 Hixon Creek, 53° 122° S.W., placer 139 Hixon Placers Inc 139 Hogan and McCuaig 75 Hogarth, D. N 80 Holland, S. S., geologist, field work A 62 reports by 34 Highland Valley 41 Trophy Mountain 69 Hollyburn Trucking and Excavating Contractors 157 Homenuke, S. 27 Homestake, 54° 126° N.W 27 Hooker Creek, 49° 116° N.W 88 Hope, 49 ° 116° S.W 87 Hope, Glen 11 Horn Fraction, 50° 117° S.E 93 Hornby, Harry 155 Hornby General Machinery Company 155 Home, Angus 70 Horse Creek, 48° 124° N.W 123 Horsethief Creek, 50° 116° N.E 111 Hougen, O. R 141 Houseman Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer-... 141 Howe Sound, 49° 123° S.E 115 sand and gravel 157 slate 150 Hubler, W. D 142 Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company Limited 14 Hudson Bay Mountain, 54° 127° N.E 26 Huestis, H. H 34, 45 Hughes, E. R., Senior Inspector A 60 reports by 46, 47, 70-75, 152, 159, 214 Highland Valley 41 Hughes, H. C, Chief Inspector of Mines A 2, A 60 report by 167 Hughes, J. E., geologist, field work A 62 Hughes, Richard 217 Hughes, Sidney 219 Hula, Herman 203 Hulbert, Vans H 218 Hummingbird, 54° 127° N.E 26 Humphrey Creek, 50° 120° N.E 47 Hungerford, R. M. 151 Hungry Man, 49° 117° S.E 79 Hunt, M 43 Hunter, Ivan A 159 Hurdle, B. E 108 Hurley River, 50° 122° N.W., placer 142 Hustler Fraction, 50° 117° S.E 93 Hutchinson, L. 213 Hutton, 53° 121° N.W 31 Huus, P. K., engineering assistant A 62 Hyde Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 141 hydromagnesite, production A 34 Hyndman, Art 138 INDEX 251 I.X.L., 49° 117° S.W. Ike, 53° 124° N.W.- Illidge, T. W. Page . 77 . 28 . 37 Imperial Coal Company 224 Indian Chief, 49° 126° S.E 119 Indian River Quarries Limited 150 indium, production A 18, A 27, A 32 industrial minerals 145 production A 17, A 18, A 28, A 30, A 34 Ingenika Mines Limited, Ferguson 30 Ingenika River, 56° 124° N.W 30 prospecting A 65 Ingram, W. L., petroleum engineer A 62 Inland Copper Mines Ltd 58 Inland Dredging Ltd. 90 Inspection Branch A 60 inspection committees, coal mines 207 inspection of electrical equipment and installations 227 inspection of lode mines, placer mines, and quarries 167 Interior Contracting Company Limited 159 Page introduction A 7 Irish, E. J. W., Geological Survey of Canada A 72 iron, deposits 239 Iron Cap, 50° 120° N.E 48, 49, 68 Iron Crown, 50° 126° S.W 133 Iron Hill, 49° 125° N.W A 48, 10, 119 Iron Mask, 50° 120° N.E 47, 50-53, 58, 60 Iron Mask batholith 47 Iron Mountain, Salmo, 49° 117° S.E. 80, 82 Iron Mountain, Williams Lake, 52° 122° S.E. 33 Iron Mountain Nos. 1 to 7 33 iron ore, production A 18, A 27, A 32 iron-ore deposits of coastal and southwestern British Columbia, by W. R. Bacon 125 iron oxides, production A 18, A 35 Iron Range Mountain, 49° 116° S.E 107 Iron River, 49° 125° N.E 131 Isaacs, Arthur 153 Iskut River, 56° 131° N.W 14 prospecting A 64 Ives, I. S 28 J.G., 50° 116° S.W.. 106 156 31 139 78 lack Cewe Blacktop Ltd lack of Clubs Lake, 53° 121° S.W placer lack Pot, 49° 117° S.E lacko Lake, 50° 120° N.E 47, 48, 49, 58 lackson Mines Limited 43 lagger, P. S 151 James, A. R. C, Inspector of Mines A 60 reports by 11-31, 137, 138, 146-148, 224 James, H. T 28, 39 Jamieson, F. Jay, 50° 120° N.E Jaye Explorations Limited .. Jedway Bay, 52° 131° S.E. Jensen, 49° 121° S.E. 139 58 17 22 71 Jericho Mines Ltd. 46 Jersey, 49° 117° S.E A 50, 80 accident 170 Jersey Lake, 50° 120° S.W 45 Jessiman, Kenneth 149 Jeune Landing, 50° 127° S.W., limestone 154 Jewitt, W. G Jim, Kamloops, 50° 120° N.E. ... Jim, Yanks Peak, 52° 121° N.E. Jim Smith Lake, 49° 115° S.W. 108 67 33 158 lohn Creek, St. Mary River—see Alki Creek Johnson, Mr A 48 139 19 151 12 29 156 213 18 67 114 124 141 108 111 110 Johnson, A. C. Johnson, A. R. Johnson, J. V. Johnson, O. I. lohnston, H. B. Johnston, E. Johnstone, W. W. Jokanovitch, Mr. Joker, 50° 120° N.E Jordan River, Columbia River, 51° 118° S.E. lordan River, luan de Fuca Strait, 48° 124° S.E. Jorgenson, D. Joseph Creek, 49° 115° N.W Jubilee Mountain, 50° 116° N.E Jumbo Creek, 50° 116° S.E K Kamloops, 50° 120° N.E 47 Kamloops Copper Company Ltd. 58 Kamloops Mining Division, prospecting A 66 Kaslo Base Metals, Ltd 92 Kaslo River, 49° 116° N.W 93 Kavanagh, Keith 20, 174 Kee Khan Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 141 Keewatis, 50° 117° S.E 93 Kehoe, Ray 157 Keithley Creek, 52° 121° N.E., placer 141 Kellogg, E 141 Kellough, W 17 Kelly, J 96 Kelowna Mines Hedley Limited 73 Kendall-Leicester, J. F. 123 Kennco Explorations (Canada) Limited, Pothook, Kamloops 48 Kennecott Copper Corporation 46 Kenney, J. R. 95 Kenville Mill 78 Kenwood, L. P. 22 Keystone, 50° 121° N.E 43 Kiakho Lake, 49° 115° S.W 158 Kiernan, Hon. W. K., Minister of Mines A 2 Kildare Creek, 55° 124° N.W., placer 139 Kilgard, 49° 122° S.E., clay and shale 151 Kimberley, 49° 115° N.W .. 108 Kimberley, Kamloops, 50° 120° Kindrat, P. King, R. B., Inspector of Mines reports by 114 King, Bralorne, 50° 122° N.W. King, Cranbrook, 49° 115° N.W.... King, Glaser Creek, 49° 116° S.W. King Fissure, 51° 118° S.E King Gething mine, 56° 122° S.E. . N.E 48, 69 17 A 60 124, 149-159 38 108 106 114 225 252 INDEX Page King Mountain, 58° 128° S.E 148 Kingfisher Fraction, 50° 127° S.E 117 Kingpin, 50° 120° N.E 69 Kinney, L. M 85 Kinskuch, 55° 129° N.W 21 Kinskuch Lake, 55° 129° N.E 21 Kirby, Luke 73, 191 Kirbyville Creek, 51° 118° N.W., placer 142 Kitchener, 49° 116° S.E 107 Kitsault River, 55° 129° N.W. 19,21 Klaanch, 50° 126° S.W 133 Kleman, Mr. A 48 Kline, D. M 94 Kluea Lake, 57° 129° N.W 14 Kniert, Kenneth 222 Knight, Arthur 157 Knight, H. W 91 Knutsford, 50° 120° N.E 49 Koncewicz, W. 78 Page 80 Konkin, W. M. Kootenay Belle Gold Mines Limited 93 Kootenay Chief, 49° 116° N.W 89 Kootenay Florence, 49° 116° N.W A 51, 91 Kootenay Granite Products Limited 149 Kootenay Lake, South (49° 116° S.W.) 86 North (49° 116° N.W.) . 87 Kootenay-Selkirk, 49° 115° N.W 109 Kootenay Selkirk Mines Limited 108 Koska, Charles, Jr. 208 Kozar, J. 85 Kraft, A. 80 Krain Copper Ltd. 43 Krall, John 219 Krall, Thomas 217 Krao, 49° 116° N.W. 91 Kumhila Exploration Co. Ltd. 139 Kumle, K. R 139 Kusnir, Paul 219 L & L Dredging L.S. No. 1 Fraction, 50° 120° N.E. Laber, Rudolf Herbert labour—see employment Lac la Hache, 52° 120° S.W Laco Mines Limited Lady A, 48° 123° N.W Ladysmith, 48° 123° N.W. 139 .-..- 59 .148, 173 34 45 135 135 Ladysmith Development Ltd. 135 Lafarge Cement of North America Ltd. 153 Lafranier, J. T. 23 Laib, K. K 86 Lake, 49° 124° N.W. 129 Lakeshore, 49° 116° N.W 91 Lakeview, Sanca, 49° 116° S.W. 86 Lakit Creek, 49° 115° N.W 110 Lamb, 55° 129° N.W 20 Landell, S. B 75 Lane, T. 92 Lang, E. F 141 Langley, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 155,156 Langley Gravel and Contracting 155 Langley Prairie, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 155 Lansing, L. J 106 Lapierre, T. 155 Lardeau Mines Exploration Limited 101 Larner, Ralph 221 Larsen, 50° 120° N.E 52,58,59 Last Chance, 49° 117° N.E 94 Last Chance Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer.... 141 Latour, B. A., Geological Survey, Canada .A 72 Laura M, 49° 116° N.W A 51, 92 Lawrence, S. J 213 Lawson, W. J . 18 Lazenby, H. S 29 lead, deposits 239 price A 10, A 16 production A 17-A 26, A 47 Lead Mountain, 50° 116° N.E 112 Leask T 97 Leduc GJacier, 56" 130" S.E . _15J16, 17 Leduc River, 56° 130° S.E 15 Lee, G. J 39 Leech, G. B., Geological Survey, Canada A 71 Legg, R. E 94 Lendrum Creek, 49° 116° N.W 91,92 Letain Asbestos, 58° 128° S.E 148 Le Toile, A. 25 Lewis, C. 213 Lewis, Glyn 212 Lewis mine, 49°.123° S.W 212 Liard Mining Division, prospecting A 64 libraries, list of- 237 Liebel, Ralph 119 Liening, S. A 77, 92 Lightning Creek, 53° 122° S.E., placer 141 Likely, 52° 121° N.W., placer 141 Lillooet, 50° 121° N.W., lode 37 placer 142 Lillooet Mining Division, prospecting A 66 limestone and cement 152 production A 18, A 29, A 36 Lind, C 92 Lindeman, E. 133 Lineham, J. D., Chief, Petroleum and Natural Gas Conservation Branch A 2, A 62 Lins, B A 77 Lipsack Enterprises Limited, accident 171 Lipsey, G. C 115 Little, H. W., Geological Survey, Canada ...A 71 Little, J. D 80 Little Gem, 50° 122° N.W 40 Little Joe, 49° 119° S.W A 49 Little Mountain quarry, 49° 121° S.W 149 Littler, Albert 221 Littler, James 216 Livingston, E. 22 Lockeport Harbour, 52° 131° N.W 22 lode-metal deposits referred to in 1956 Annual Report 239 lode-metal mines 1 electric power 227 employment A 45 general review tonnage, number, and value A 46 lode-metal producers in 1956 A 47 lode metals, production A 17, A 18, A 26, A 30, A 31 Lodestone Mountain, 49° 120° S.W 136 Lone Bachelor, 49° 117° N.E 95 Lone Bachelor Mines Limited 95 Long Creek, 48° 124° N.E 122 Lope, 50° 117° S.E 93 Lorry. 48° 124° N.E 122 Lost Chord, 50° 120° N.E 49, 51, 54, 56 Lost Creek, 49° 117° S.E 82 INDEX 253 Page Loudon, W 212 Loudon No. 6 mine, 49° 124° S.E 212 Lower Arrow Lake, 49° 118° N.E 99 Lowhee Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 139 Lucky, 50° 115° S.W 149 Lucky Boy, Crescent Valley, 49° 117° S.W. 77 Lucky Boy, Salmo, 49° 117° S.E 80 Lucky Four, 49° 121° S.W 115 Lucky Strike, Cronin Mountain, 54° 126° N.W. 27 Page Lucky Strike, Kamloops, 50° 120° N.E 47, 50, 51, 57, 58, 63 Lucky Thought—see A.U. Ludditt, A. W. 141 Ludwick, George Andrew ....—13, 174 Lynn Creek, 49° 123° S.E., sand and gravel 157 Lynnmour, 49° 123° S.E., sand and gravel 156, 157 Lyon, H. 98 Mc and Mac Mac No. 1, 54° 130° S.E 129 Mac Nos. 2 to 6 Fractions 129 Macaulay, R 141 MacBeth, J 40 McBeth, James 150 McCammon, J. W., mineral engineer, field work A 62 report by 151 McCartney, W. D., Geological Survey, Canada A 71 McClay Construction Company 75 McClellan, A. J 43 McClure Creek, 51° 123° S.E 35 MacColm, C. L 141 McCool, G. W 17 McCready, G. E 93 McCrory, P. 93 McCullough, M. P. 96 McDame, 59° 129° S.E. 11 McDame Creek, 59° 129° S.E. 11 McDame, Mount, 59° 129° S.W 146 McDearmid, J. M. 111 MacDonald, A. 80 McDonald, C. H 149 MacDonald, Francis J. 150 McDonald, H. 174 McDonald, J. A. 149 McDonald, Oswood G 120, 123, 124 Macdonald, P. J. .. 141 Macdonald, Mrs. P. J. 141 McDonald Creek, 50° 116° N.E 111 McDonald Island, 54° 126° N.E 29 MacDougall, R. E 139 McFadden, V. 141 MacGowan, J. 33 McGregor, J. E 89 McGregor River, 54° 122° S.E. 30 Mclnnes, John 217 Mcintosh, Russel T. 14 Mclntyre and Harding Gravel Company Limited 158 Maclsaac, A. 90 McKamey, R. L 11 McKay, Don 153 McKay, I 79 McKay, J. J 12 McKay, Walter 216 McKay Quarry, 49° 124° N.W _. 153 McKechnie, N. D., geologist, field work A 62 report on Blue Grouse 120 Nitinat area 122 McKee, J. H. 142 McKee Creek, 59° 133° S.W., placer 138 Mackenzie, T. A., engineering assistant A 62 McLaren, W. F 122 McLean, Earl Gilbert 170 MacLean, J. C 83 McLean, W. 21 McLeese Lake, 52° 122° S.E 33 McLellan, William Lloyd 175 McLeod, Mr. 18 .._. 75 ..... 75 80 McLeod, J. W. _. MacLeod, M. H. MacLeod, R. . McLeod, R. R., Senior Petroleum Engineer.A 62 McLeod, W. H 97 Maclynn Gravel Co. Ltd. 157 McMahon, Frank 93 MacMillan, A. D. 157 MacMillan, George A. 95 McMillin, 52° 131° S.E. 22 McNab Creek, 49° 123° N.E., slate 150 McPhee, J. R 174 MacPherson, William 148 McVeigh, Frank 217 M M.B., 49° 116° S.E.. M.S., 49° 117° S.E.. machine-mined coal . Magee, J. B. magnesium, production Maid of Erin, 59° 136° N.W. . 107 _ 78 . 206 . 110 ..A 32 Mainland Clay Products Limited Maio, Silvio ......A 47, 11 151 209 Makaoo Development Company, Limited — 54 Mamit Lake, 50° 120° S.W 41, 46 Mammoth, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 96 manganese, deposits 239 production A 32 Manning, C. M. 37 Manning, S. M. 112, 117 Manning Park, 49° 121° S.E 114 Mannix, Ltd. 220 Manson Creek, 55° 123° N.W., placer 138 Maple Bay, 55° 130° S.E 18 Maple Bay Copper Mines Limited 18 maps showing mineral claims, placer claims, and placer-mining leases A 67 Marble Bay, 49° 124° N.W., limestone 153 Mark Creek, 49° 115° N.W 109 marl 154 Martini, L. N 93 Mason, J. D. 14 Matheson, D. N. 37 Matson, C. M 220 Mattson, A. V 137 Mattson, D. S 137 Mattson, E. J. 107 254 INDEX Mattson, R. M. 12 Mattson, T. R. _ 137 Maus Creek, 49° 115° N.W., placer ...... 142 Maus Creek Placers 142 Maxwell, M. 76 May-Bee, 49° 116° S.E 107 May E, 49° 121° S.E 71 May P.J., 56° 130° S.E 18 May Queen, 55° 130° S.E 19 Meade, Thomas 168 Meadow Creek, 50° 120° S.W 46 Menduk, Stanley 217 Menzies, M. M. 75 mercury, deposits 239 production A 18, A 27, A 33 Meridian mill 100 Merrett, I. E., Inspector of Mines A 60 reports by -106-112, 142, 148, 149, 152, 158 Merritt, 50° 120° S.W 47 coal 215 Merry Widow No. 5, 50° 127° S.E 117 Merryth, Frank 34 Mesachie Lake, 48° 124° N.E 122 Metcalf, S. M. 79 methane detection 207 Meurling, O. 99 Meury, P. 41 mica, production A 18, A 28, A 35 Michel Colliery, 49° 114° N.W 216 accidents 202 Midas, 52° 121° N.E 33 Midnight, 49° 117° S.W 77 Midnight Consolidated Mines Ltd 77 Mid-North Engineering Services Ltd. 90 Mid-West Copper & Uranium Mines Ltd., Cu 111 Velvet 76 Mid-West Engineering Services Limited 95 Millar, D. A 141 Millar, H. C 141 Millar, K. 98 Miller, Harry 221 Miller, J. W 97 Miller, W. H 142 millisecond delay detonators 207 Mills, Frank S 97, 98 mills 9 Millwhite Mud Services 149 Min, 50° 117° S.E 93 Mine Creek, 54° 121° S.W 30 A 49, 110 172 Mineral King, 50° 116° S.E. accident dangerous occurrence 184 mine-rescue 190 Mine Safety Associations 191, 192 Mineralogical Branch, field work A 61 Mines Branch (Federal) A 72 Mink Gulch, 53° 121° S.W., placer 139 mining divisions amalgamated since 1949-— A 54 mining laws and laws related to the mineral industry A 58 Page miscellaneous metals, production A 17, A 18, A 27, A 30, A 32 Mitchell, J. A 18, 29, 30 Senior Inspector of Mines A 60 Moen, O. . 106 Mohawk, Granite Creek, 51° 123° S.E. . 35 Mohawk, Hazelton, 55° 127° S.W 26 Mohawk Creek, 50° 117° N.W 105 Molly, 50° 120° S.W 46 molybdenite, production A 33 Molybdenite Creek, 52° 120° S.W 34 molybdenum, deposits ... ... _ 239 Monarch, 49° 117° N.E 96 Monitor, 50° 117° S.E .... 93 Monk Creek, 49° 116° S.W 85 Monte Carlo, 50° 120° N.E.--48-51, 53, 63, 67 Montgomery, W. B 39 Montpellier, Benjamin C 171 Moonshine, 50° 116° S.W 106 Moore, J. C 39 Moose, 55° 129° N.W 20 Moresby Island, 52° 131° N.W 22, 125 Morgan, D. R., Inspector of Mines A 60 report by 215 Morgan, Irving 216 Morning Star mill 74 Morris, Brindley 223 Morris, lames E 221 Mostique Creek, 53° 122° S.E., placer 141 Mother Lode, 49° 118° S.W 75 Moul Creek, 51° 120° N.E 69 Mount Royal, 49° 117° N.E 98 Mt. Washington Copper Co. Ltd 119 Mountain Minerals Limited 148 Mouse Mountain 53° 122° S.E A 47, 33 Mouse Mountain Nos. 1 to 15, 53° 122° S.E. 33 Muir, Bill 175 Mulcahy, P. I., Chief Gold Commissioner and Chief Commissioner, Petroleum and Natural Gas A 2 Mulholland, J. W 88 Mullin, Edward 215 Mullin's Strip Mine Ltd 215 Munro, W. A 154 Murderer Gulch, 52° 121° N.W., placer 141 Murdoch, Gordon 217 Murex, 49° 125° N.E 120 Murphy, J. A 94 Murray, B. C 40 Murray, Gordon C 119 Murray, J. W 58 Murray, N. F 146 Murray Ridge, 54° 124° S.E 29 Murrayville, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 155 museums A 67 Musgrave, 48° 123° N.W 136 Musser, C. D 37 Myers, H. 97, 98 Mystery, 49° 116° N.E 108 N N.G.N. Partnership 97, 98 Nadira Mines Limited 123 Nanaimo, 49° 123° S.W., coal 211 Nanaimo Mining Division, prospecting A 67 Nash, Frederick 217 Nasmith, H. W., mineral engineer, field work A 62 Nason, O. K 139 natro-alunite, production A 35 natural gas, permits, leases, royalties, etc A 57 production A 17, A 19, A 24, A 30 samples A 58 Nellie Fraction, 50° 117° S.E. 93 Nelson, I. G 100 Nelson, W. I. 54, 57, 58 Nelson, 49° 117° S.E 77 INDEX 255 Pa ie Nelson Island, 49° 124° N.E 150 Nelson Mining Division, prospecting A 66 Nelway, 49° 117° S.E. Neroutsos Inlet, 50° 127° limestone ... Nesbitt, I. S.W. 85 117 154 98 27 22 New Cronin Babine Mines Limited New Jersey Zinc Explorations Company (Canada) Ltd. New Santiago Mines Limited 96 New Westminster Mining Division, prospecting A 66 New York Alaska Gold Dredging Limited 114 Newkirk, B. W 75 Newkirk Mining Corporation Limited 119 Newmont Mining Corporation, Spider 100 Next Creek, 49° 116° S.W 86 Ney, C. S 21 Ni 34 Nicholas, G. 213 nickel, Williams Lake 34 deposits 239 production A 33 Nickel Plate, 49° 120° S.E A 49 Nicola Mining Division, prospecting A 66 Nicolet, 49° 116° N.W 91 Nicola, 50° 120° S.W 47 Nicola-Princeton Inspection District 214 Nigger Creek, 52° 121° N.E., placer 142 Night Hawk, 50° 120° N.E 48, 58 Nimpkish Lake, 50° 126° S.W 133 Nine Mile Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 141 Nithi Mountain, 53° 124° N.W 28 Nitinat area, 48° 124° N.W 122 Nitinat Lake, 48° 124° N.W. 122, 123 Nitinat River, 48° 124° N.W 122, 123, 124 Nixon, W 98 Noble Five, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 94 Noland Mines Limited 137 Page non-metallic mines and quarries, electric power 228 Noonday, Kamloops, 50° 120° N.E 47, 51, 56 Noonday, Silverton, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 98 131 92 Nootka Sound, 49° 126° N.W. Noranda, 49° 116° N.W Noranda Exploration Company, Eholt Yreka Norcross, D. H. Norma, 50° 120° N.E Norris, C. J. North Lardeau North Star, 55° 129° N.W. ... North Wellington, 49° 124° Limited, S.E. 75 .. 117 ...A 51 ... 60 ... 139 - 99 ... 20 - 212 Northern Gem Mining Corporation Ltd 40 Northern Inspection District 224 Northlodge Copper Mines Limited 44 Northwest Ventures Ltd. 17 Northwestern Explorations, Limited, Guichon Creek 46 Kinskuch and Reina Blanca 21 Mount Haskin 11 Norville, J. 78 Novak, E. J A 50 Nugget, 49° 117° S.E A 50, 80 No. 1 East mine, Elk River Colliery, 49° 114° S.W. 221 dangerous occurrence 208 No. 1 mine, Elk River Colliery, 49° 114° S.W 223 No. 3 mine, Elk River Colliery, 49° 114° S.W 222 mine, Elk River Colliery, 49° 114° No. 4 S.W. No. 9 mine, Elk River Colliery, 49° S.W. accidents 222 114° 221 1202, 203 o O.K., Highland Valley, 50° 121° S.E 45 O.K., Kamloops, 50° 120° N.E. 54, 57 O.K., Rossland, 49° 117° S.W 77 O.K., Roxey Creek, 50° 122° N.W . 40 O'Brien, M. M 37 Observatory Inlet 21 offices, B.C. Department of Mines and Department of Mines and Technical Surveys .A 68 Ogden, A. 141 Ogden, P. W. _. 141 Ogilvie, C. O 106 Ogilvie, G. S. 74, 152 Olalla, 49° 119° S.W 73 Olalla No. 2, 49° 119° S.W A 49, 73 Olalla Mines Limited 73 Old Sport, 50° 127° S.E 117 Oliver, 49° 119° S.W 74 silica 159 Olivine Mountain, 49° 120° S.W 136 Oliver Silica Quarry 159 Olson, P. E 91 Omineca area, lode mines 29 placer .... _ 138 Omineca Mining Division, prospecting A 65 O'Neil, Henry Oregon, 49° 120° S.E. Ormsby Mines Ltd. — Ornatowiz, Anton O'Rourke, P. Orphan Boy, 50° 120° N.E. 221 .. 73 - 69 __ 172 - 174 54,56 ...A 6 Osoyoos Mining Division, prospecting .... Osprey, 50° 121° S.E 45 Ottawa, 49° 117° N.E A 51 Ottawa Silver Mining & Milling Company.. Otter Creek, 59° 133° N.E., placer Ouray, 50° 117° S.E. Ouray Fraction, 50° 117° S.E Outrider, 50° 120° S.W Outsider, 55° 130° S.E ,99 99 138 93 93 44 19 256 INDEX Pacific, 54° 127° N.E. - Pacific Petroleums Ltd. Pacific Silica Limited .... Pacific Western Mud Service Ltd. Paddy Peak, 49° 117° N.E Palang, 50° 122° N.W. ... palladium, production Page 26 161 159 149 93 40 A 33 Panter, K. 174 Paradise, 50° 116° S.E A 49 Parker, A 158 Parker, J. M 15 Parker, S. S. 46 Parker Creek, 48° 124° N.W 122, 123, 124 Parkes, R. E 47 Parliament, J. H. 75 Parson, 51° 116° S.W., barite 148 Parsons, Herbert 218 Pasiaud, Roger 218 Paskewitch, Andrew 202 Pat, 53° 124° N.W 28 Pataha, 49° 116° N.W.—see Hercules Patterson, J. W., Inspector of Mines A 60 reports by 31-41, 138-142 Paul, 50° 122° N.W 40 Paupo Creek, 49° 117° N.E 99 Paxton, 49° 114° N.W A 48, 116, 131 Payne, T. 142 Payne, Mount, 49° 117° N.E. 96 Peace River, 56° 122° S.E., coal 225 56° 120°, oil and gas 161 Pearce, D. 99 Pearson, D. 33 Peck, I. W., Inspector of Mines A 60 reports by 76-106, 114, 142 Spider and Eclipse 99 Pelletier, Duane 202 Pend d'Oreille River, 49° 117° S.E 85 Pendle, A 139 Pengelly, W. D 95 Pentland, A. G 76, 111 perlite, production A 19, A 35 Perry, O. S 74 Perry, R. D 108 Perry, S. A. 114 Petersen, E. H 96 Peterson Creek, 50° 120° N.E 47 petroleum, exploration 161 permits, leases, royalties, etc. A 57 production A 17, A 19, A 24, A 30, 161 samples A 58, 166 wells operated 164, 165 Pettoello, Mario 217 Phoenix, 49° 118° S.W 75 Phoenix Copper Company Limited 75 phosphate rock, production A 35 Piccolo, loe 138 Piccolo, Luigi 138 Pickard, E 91 Piener, C. W. 141 Pioneer, 50° 122° N.W A 49, 39 dangerous occurrences 180, 182 Pioneer Gold Mines of B.C. Limited 39 Pine Creek, 59° 133° N.E., placer 138 Pitkethly, D 151 Pitt, Arthur 153 Pitt, C. H. 141 Page Pitt River, 49° 122° S.W., granite 150 Placer Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 139 Placer Development Limited 80 placer mines 137 electric power 228 employment A 45 platinum, production A 18, A 27, A 33 Plecash, M. D. 172 Plughat Creek, 55° 124° N.W., placer 139 Pogue Exploration Company 15, 16 Poison Mountain, 51° 122° S.W 35 Poison Mountain (Poisonmount) Creek, 51° 122° S.W. 35 Polaris Taku concentrator 12 police and coroners' exhibits A 59 Pool Creek, 50° 117° N.W 100, 101 Poole, H. W . 108 Popkum, 49° 121° S.W., limestone 153 marl 154 Popkum Marl Products Limited 154 Porcher Island, 53° 130° N.E 23, 129 Porcupine River, Iskut River, 58° 133° N.W, prospecting A 64 Porcupine River, Stikine River, 57° 131° S.W. 14 Port Haney Brick Company Limited 150 Port Mann, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 155 Portage Mountain, 56° 122° S.E., coal 225 Porter, Nat 139 Portland Canal 17 Portland No. 5, 50° 117° S.E 93 Portman, A. E. 152 Postle, L. T ...15, 29, 75 Postlethwaite, W. 96 pottery, production A 18, A 29, A 36 Powney, C. S. 28 Premier Border, dangerous occurrence 183 Prentice, W. R 216 Prescott, 49° 124° N.W A48, 116, 131 Price, R. A., Geological Survey of Canada _ A 72 prices, average used in valuing Provincial mineral production A 14, A 16 Priest River, 49° 116° S.W 85 Princess Creek, 49° 116° N.W 91 Princeton, 49° 120° S.W., coal 214 Pringle, D. W 72 Priske, H 18 process supplies A 44 Producers' Sand & Gravel (1929) Limited ... 158 production A 17-A 51 coal (see statistical tables) 196-198 Promistora, 50° 117° S.W A 51, 99 Pronger, Ralph J 71 prosecutions, coal mines 208 lode mines and quarries 184 prospecting A 64-A 67 prospectors, grub-staked A 63 Prosser, L. A 139 Providence, 49° 118° S.W A 48 Provincial Exploration (1952) Ltd 139 Ptarmigan, 50° 116° N.E 111 publications, B.C. Department of Mines 231 Geological Survey of Canada A 72 Mines Branch A 72 Python, 50° 120° N.E 47, 48, 50-55 INDEX 257 Page Quartz Creek, Surprise Lake, 59° 133° N.E., placer 138 Quartz Creek, Willow River, 53° 121° S.W., placer..... 141 Quatsino, 50° 127° S.W - 117, 133 Quatsino Copper-Gold Mines Limited 117 Queen, 49° 117° S.E A 50, 80 Queen Victoria, 49° 117° S.E A 50, 78 Quesnel area placer Quesnel Lake. Page 33 141 141 52° 120° N.W., placer...... Quesnel Mining Division, prospecting A 65 Quesnel River, 52° 121° N.W., placer 141 Quiltanton Lake, 50° 121° S.E 44,45 Quintilio, Hugh 209 R Rae, D. H A 64 Raft River, 51° 119° N.W 69,70 Rainy Hollow, 59° 136° N.W.. Raven, 54° 127° N.E Raven Fraction, 54° 127° N.E. Ray, 50° 120° N.E Red Ledge, 50° 116° S.E Red Line Creek, 50° 116° N.E. 11 26 26 67 110 111 70 71 11 11 Red Ridge, 51° 119° N.W Red Star, 49° 120° S.W Reed, J. Reed, 59° 129° S.E Reesor, J. E., Geological Survey of Canada A 71 Reeves MacDonald, 49° 117° S.E A 50, 85 dangerous occurrences 181, 182, 184 Reeves MacDonald Mines Limited 85 Reid, H. E 141 Reina Blanca, 55° 129° N.W 21 Rennie, C. C 35 Reno, 49° 117° S.E 80 Reschke Coal Ltd 225 research, Analytical and Assay Branch A 60 Retallack, 50° 117° S.E 93 Revelstoke, 50° 118° N.E 114 placer 142 review, general A 9 of lode metals 9 Reward Uranium Ltd 107 Rexspar Uranium & Metals Mining Company Limited 70 Reynolds, H 35 Rhoda, 50° 126° S.W 133 Richmond, G. W 150, 151 Richmond, 49° 117° N.E 99 Richmond Bulldozing Co. Ltd 155 Richmix Clays Limited, Kilgard 151 McNab Creek 150 Richmond Eureka, 49° 117° N.E 94 Rico Copper Mines Limited 115 Right Bower, 50° 116° S.W 106 Riley, C 114 Rimrock Mining Corporation Limited 158 Rio Canadian Exploration Ltd., French Peak 29 Hansard 30 Hutton 31 Ruth Vermont 112 Riondel, 49° 116° N.W 89 riprap, production A 18, A 29, A 36 Ritchie, A. C 23, 26, 27 Ritchie, I. E. River lordan, 48° 124° Robertson, A. G. Robertson River, 48° Robinson, F. Robinson, I. S.E. 124° N.E. , 139 124 188 122 27 106 rock samples A 58 Roddick, J. A., Geological Survey of Canada A 71 Rogers, Leslie Horace 172 Roots, E. F., Geological Survey of Canada A 71 Roper, E. C. 115 Ronning, John 169 Rosea Copper Mines Ltd. 119 Rosenau, E. H. Ross, J. A. C. Ross, S. N.. 117° S.E. S.W 142 72 99 93 76 120 112 29 157 Routledge Gravel Ltd. . 157 Rossiter Creek, 50 Rossland, 49° 117 Rotherham, D. C. ... Rothschild, 50° 116 Rottacker, D. Routledge, T. C. N.E. Routson, Noel Rover Creek, 49° 117° S.W. . Roxey Creek, 50° 122° N.W. 110 79 40 157 Royal Oak, 48° 123° N.E., sand and gravel Royko, Thomas Bud 13, 174 rubble, production A 18, A 29, A 36 Ruby, 49° 118° S.W A 49 Rucheon Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 141 131 41 94 112 Russell, 49° 126° N.W Rusty Creek, 50° 121° N.W Ruth Hope, 49° 117° N.E Ruth-Vermont, 50° 116° N.W Rutherford, C. 46 Rutledge, W. A. 22 Ryan trophy, lohn T. 192 S. and S. Gravel Pit 156 S.F. & M. Mining Company S.U.B. Quarries Ltd ... Saad, Ronald. Saanich, 48° 123° N.E., sand and gravel.. Saddlehorn Mountain, 57° 131° S.W safety safety lamps 97 155 219 158 14 190 206 St. Eugene Mining Corporation Limited, Maid of Erin . 11 Tassoo 125 St. Helena, 49° 117° N.E 98 St. Mary River, 49° 115° N.W 108 Salamet Mines Limited 75 salaries and wages A 44 Salloomt River, 52° 126° S.W 22 258 INDEX Page Salmo, 49° 117° S.E. 80 Salmon Glacier, 56° 130° S.E 16 Salmo Prince Mines Limited, Greenwood 75 Highland Valley .. .. 43 Saltspring Island, 48° 123° N.E 136 samples, Analytical and Assay Branch..A 58, A 59 Sanca, 49° 116° S.W 86 Sanca Creek, 49° 116° S.W 86 sand and gravel 155 production A 18, A 29, A 36 Sandon, 49° 117° N.E. _ 94 Sandon Creek, 49° 117° S.E. .. .. .. 94 Santa Fe, 49° 116° N.W. 88 Sargent, Hartley, Chief, Mineralogical Branch A 2, A 60 review of the mineral industry A 9 Saunders, Harry 217 Sawyer Creek, 49° 116° N.W. 87 Schwartzenhuer, W. 87 Sclippa, Louis 221 Scorgie, W. J 100, 105 Scotlet, 49° 126° S.E. (Lot 582) 119 Scotsimpson, Mount, 57° 131° S.W 14 Scott, C. B. 156 Scott, J. S 46 Scott, John W. 70 Scud River, 57° 131° S.W 14 Seel, H. K. F 111 Seeley Lake, 55° 127° S.W 26 selenium, production A 33 Seravezza, Ippazio Damiano 172 Serek, Joseph 217 sewer-pipe, production Seymour Creek, 49° 123° S.E. Shaak, A. Shannon, J. B. .A 18, A 29, A 36 156 31 85 Shannon, Mount, 49° 121° S.W 149 Sharp, W. M. 95 Sharpe, H. H 115 Shearer, J. C. _ 223 Sheep Creek, 49° 117° S.E. Sheep Creek camp, 49° 117° S.E. .80, 83 .... 80 Sheep Creek Gold Mines Limited, Mineral King 110 Swansea Mountain 111 Sheep Creek Mines Limited, Dixie 89 Mineral King 110 Queen 80 Shepherd, A. F., librarian A 61 Sherling, D. 108 ..A 46, A 47 120 ..A 48, 17 shipping mines Shuttleworth, H. R. Silbak Premier, 56° 130° S.E. ... dangerous occurrence .. 183 Silbak Premier Mines Limited 17 silica 158 Sil-Van Consolidated Mining & Milling Company Ltd. 26 silver, deposits 239 price A 10, A 16 production A 17-A 26, A 47 Silver Creek, 56° 130° S.E 18 Silver Dollar, 49° 117° S.E 80 Silver Giant, 50° 116° N.E A49, 111 dangerous occurrence 181 Silver Glance, 49° 116° N.W 92 Silver Hill Mines Ltd. 71 Silver King, Nelson, 49° 117° S.E A 50, 79 Silver King, Tulameen, 49° 121° S.E 71 Silver Ridge Mining Company Limited 95 Silver Standard, 55° 127° S.W. A 47, 23 Page Silver Standard Mines Limited, Duthie 27 Erie 26 Lucky Boy, Salmo 80 McMillin 22 Silver Standard 23 Three Hills 25 Topley Richfield 28 Torger Copper 22 Silver Tip, 56° 130° S.E 18 Silver Tip Gold Mines Limited 18 Silversmith, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 94 Silverton, 49° 117° N.E 96,97 Silverton Creek, 49° 117° N.E 98 Similkameen Mining Division, prospecting .A 66 Similkameen River, 49° 119° S.W 71 Simpson, E. O. T 213 Singleton, Eric 221 Sirdar, 49° 116° S.W 149 Sirola, W. M 43, 44, 45 Sittler, V. A 147 Skagit River, 49° 121° S.E 114 Skeena Mining Division, prospecting A 65 Skeena Silver Mines Ltd 45 Slade Placer 141 slag 159 slate 150 Slee, Thomas Sloan, D. 219 114 Slobodzian, M. 97 Slocan King, 49° 117° N.E 94 Slocan Lake, 49° 117° N.E . 96 Slocan Mining Division, prospecting A 66 Slocan Monitor Mines Limited 93 Slocan Sovereign, 49° 117° N.E 94 Slocan Star, 49° 117° N.E 94 Slocan Van Roi Mines Limited 97 Slouah Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 139 Smillie, L. 129 Smith, C. 22 Smith, D. E 152 Smith, Hunter 18 Smith, R. F 137 Smithers, 54° 127° N.E 26 Snowdrop, 49° 117° S.W 76 Snowdrop Mining Company Ltd 76 Snowshoe Creek. 52° 121° N.E., placer 141 Snowslide, 49° 116° S.W 86 sodium carbonate, production A 18, A 35 Somerville, A. 213 Sonnenberg, Fred 91,92 South Lardeau 106 South Leduc, 56° 130° S.E 17 South Westminster, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 156 Souther, I. A., Geological Survey of Canada A 71 Southern Cross, 48° 124° N.W 123 Spencer, Victor 39 Spider, 50° 117° N.W A 50, 99 accident 169 dangerous occurrence 181 Spillimacheen, 50° 116° N.E 111 columbium and uranium 142 Spillimacheen River, 50° 116° N.E 111,112 Split Creek, 57° 131° S.W 14 Spokane, McClure Creek, 51° 123° S.E 35 Spokane, Wall Mountain, 49° 116° S.W...... A 50, 86 Spokane No. 2 86 Springer, K. J. 74 Springer Creek, 49 ° 117 ° N.E 99 Spruce Creek, 59° 133° N.W., placer 137 INDEX 259 Page Spruce Creek Placers Limited 138 Standard, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 96 Stanford Range, 50° 115° S.W 149 Stanley, Harold M 13, 171 Star, Ainsworth, 49° 116° N.W A 51, 93 Star, Kamloops, 50° 120° N.E 52 Star, Maple Bay, 55° 130° S.E 18, 19 Star, Porcher Island, 54° 130° S.E 23, 129 Star Nos. 1 to 10 129 Star Kay, 49° 117° S.E 79 Star No. 1,49° 116° S.E A 50 Star of the West, 49° 126° N.W 119 Stark Creek, 50° 116° S.E 110 statistics A 13 statistical tables A 17 Stavert, R. E 108 Steane, H. A 80 Steele, I. S. 85 Stewardson Inlet, 49° 126° S.E 119 Stibbard, R. Franklin 46 Stikine area 14 " Operation Stikine " A 71 Stikine River, 56° 132° N.E 10 Stokes, R. B 43 Stone, Hector C. 119 Stone, J. 31 stone—see building-stone Storey, A. E 14, 148 Stormont, 49° 126° N.W 131 Stromgren, N. P. 156 Stronach, Charles 213 Stronach No. 2 mine, 49° 124° S.E 213 structural materials employment Page 145 A 45 production.... ...A 17, A 18, A 29, A 30, A 36 structural tile, production A 18, A 29, A 36 Subasic, N. 99 Sucwoa River, 49° 126° N.W 131 Sugarloaf Hill, 50° 120° N.E 47,49 Sulivan, Mount, 48° 123° N.W 136 Sullivan, G. G. 99 Sullivan, Ainsworth, 49° 116° N.W 92 Sullivan, Kimberley, 49° 115° N.W.......A 49, 108 accident 175 dangerous occurrence 181 A 18, A 28, A 35 122° S.E., clay 151 225 sulphur, production Sumas Mountain, 49° Summer, E. B. Summit Camp, 49° 121° S.E 71 Sunflower, 54° 126° N.W 27 Sunflower Fraction, 54° 126° N.W 27 Sunloch, 48° 124° S.E. 124 Sunrise No. 7, 54° 126° N.W 27 Sunro Mines Limited 124 Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited 99 Superior, 49° 116° N.W 92 Superior Fraction 92 Surety Oils & Minerals Limited 75 Surprise Lake, 59° 133° N.E 138 Surrey, 49° 122° S.W., clay and shale 150 Sutcliffe, D. F. 90 Swannell, 56° 125° N.E 30 Swansea Mountain, 50° 115° N.W 111 Swede, 52° 131° N.W 22 Swede Peninsula, 52° 131° N.W 22 Sydney Inlet, 49° 126° S.E 119 Tahsis, 49° 126° N.W Tahsis Inlet, 49° 126° N.W Takomkane (Big Timothy) Mountain, 52' 120° S.W. Taku River, 58° 133° N.W. talc, production 119 119 34 11 A 35 Tamarac, 50° 121° S.E 45 Tam O'Shanter, 49° 116° N.W 90 Tanitin, 48° 124° N.W 124 Taplin, A. C. - 30 Tariff, 49° 116° N.W... Tarnowski ..A 51, 92 97 Taseko Lake, 51° 123° S.W 35 Taseko River, 51° 123° S.E 35 Tassoo, 52° 132° N.E 125 Tattrie, W. 97 Taw Fraction, 50° 117° S.E 93 Taylor, A. C. 37 Taylor, James A. 94 Taylor, J. M. 40 Taylor, Reginald 217 Taylor, Robert 217 Taylor, Thomas 219 Taylor (Bridge River) Mines Limited 38 Taylor Burson Coal Company Limited 214 Tedesco, Oscar 152 Telegraph Creek, 57° 131° N.E 14 nickel 10 Telkwa, 54° 127° N.E., coal 224 Telkwa River, 54° 127° N.E., coal 224 Tent Mountain, 49° 114° N.W., coal 223 Texaco Exploration Company 161 Texada Island, 49° 124° N.E 116, 129 Texada Mines Ltd. 116, 129 Texas, 49° 126° N.W... Thewlis, David, Sr. Thickett, C. 131 217 .97, 98, 99 Thomas Consolidated Mines Incorporated.... 108 Thompson, F. R. 114 Thompson, J. W. 11 Thompson, S., Burnaby 156 Thompson, S., Cranbrook 108 Thomson, J. 213 Thomson, Robert 152 Thrall, R. A. 148 Three Forks, 50° 117° S.E 93 Three Hills, 55° 127° S.W 25 Timberlands mine, 49° 123° S.W. 212 Timmons, E. G. 86 tin, deposits 239 production A18, A 27, A 33 Tinnicanum, 49° 126° S.E. (Lot 580) 119 Tip, 49° 117° N.E 93 Tip Top, 52° 120° S.W 34 Tipper, H. W., Geological Survey of Canada A 71 . 131 . 110 . 224 Tlupana Arm, 49° 126° N.E. ... Toby Creek, 50° 116° N.E. ... Todhunter Ridge, 50° 114° S.W., coal. Tomlin, N. A 154 Tootsee Lake, 59° 130° N.W., prospecting A 64 Tooty Fruity, 52° 120° S.W 34 Topley, 54° 126° N.E 28 Topley Richfield, 54° 126° N.E 28 topographic mapping and air photography A 69 Torbrit Silver Mines Limited, Boulder. 21 Toric 19 Torger Copper, 52° 126° N.W 22 260 INDEX Page Toric, 55° 129° N.W— A 48, 19 accident 174 Tower, Roy A., Sr._. Towgood, C. E Tramline, 49° 116° S.W.- 71 96 86 97 43,44 Transcontinental Resources Limited _ Transvaal, 50° 121° N.E Tregillus Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer.... 141 Tremaine, C. W. S 41 Tri-Side, 50° 120° N.W. and 121° N.E 44 Tri-Side Mining Corporation Limited 43 Triumph Mines Limited 92 Trojan, 50° 120° N.W 43 Trojan Consolidated Mines Ltd 43 Trojan Exploration Limited 43 Trophy Mountain, 51° 119° N.W. Trouten, William Trouten Pit, 49° 122° S.W Troutline Creek, 59° 129° S.W.Troy, 49° 117° N.E 69 156 156 146 98 Tsable River mine, accident 49° 124° N.W.. dangerous occurrence Tsolum River, 49° 124° N.E...... Tulameen, 49° 120° S.W Tulameen River, 49° 120° S.W... Tulley, W. M Tulsequah Chief, accident 58° 133° N.W... Tulsequah Mines, Limited. Tuma, T. tungsten, deposits production Page 213 203 208 119 136 71 152 -A 47, 12 174 12 109 239 A 18, Turnagain River, 59° 127° S.W.-— Turner, H. M Twelve Mile Creek, 49° 117° N.E. Twin, 49° 116° N.W Two Bit Creek, 53° 121 Tymchuk, Michael S.W., A 27, A 33 148 91,92 93 91 placer 141 223 Undun mine, 49° 123° S.W.-- United Copper, 49° 116° N.W.. United States Vanadium Corporation.. u ... 212 _ 87 ... 40 underground diesel equipment 184 Unsworth, I. Union Creek, 59° 133° N.E., placer- Unuk River, 56° 130° S.W.- Upper Quinsam Lake, Upton, A. H 49° 125° N.W.. 212 138 15 119 133 uranium, deposits 239 Utah Co. of the Americas, Fording River. 224 Iron Hill 119 Iron River 131 Star, Porcher Island 23, 129 Utica, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 93 Utica Mines (1937) Limited 93 Utoo, 52° 120° S.W 34 Utopia, 50° 120° N.E 69 Vallance, J. A 111 Valleau, E. B 136 Valley Granite Products Ltd 149 Van Roi, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 97 Vananda, 49° 124° N.W., limestone 153 Vancouver, 49° 123° S.E., clay and shale 151 Vancouver, Smithers, 54° 127° N.E 26 Vancouver Granite Co. Limited 150 Vancouver Island 117, 131 Vancouver Island Inspection District 211 Vancouver Mining Division, prospecting A 66 Vanderjogt, Simon 209 Vanin, F. P 94 Vaughn, J. B 106 Velvet, 49° 117° S.W A 51, 76 ventilation, coal mines 206 lode mines and quarries 185 Ventures Limited, Spillimacheen 142 Verkerk, William 223 Vermont Creek, 50° 116° N.W 112 Vernon Mining Division, prospecting A 66 Victor, Highland Valley, 50° 121° S.E. A 51, 46 Victor, Sandon, 49° 117° N.E 95 Victoria, 49° 123° S.E., clay . 152 Victoria Mining Division, prospecting A 67 Victoria Tile & Brick Supply Co. Ltd 150 46 95 Vlasich, F 212 Vimy, 50° 120° S.W.. Violamac Mines Limited Vowell Creek, placer 51° 116° S.W.. 112 143 w W. S. Beale (1955) Ltd. Wade, H. C Wahleach Creek, 49° Wakelam, W. 121° S.W... 153 141 115 213 A2 86 74 221 89 Wanke, Mr A 48 Ward, Mrs. E 99 Ward, J. D .. 137 Ward, P : 99 Wardman, L., Electrical Inspector of Mines A 60 report on inspection of electrical equipment 227 Warhorse, 49° 116° N.E 108 Walker, John F., Deputy Minister of Mines.. Wall Mountain, 49° 116° S.W Wallace Mountain, 49° 119° S.E Waller, William Walton, T. F Washington, Mount, 49° 125° N.E 119 Waterland, T. M 115 Watson, David E 108 Watson Bar Creek, 51° 122° S.E., placer..... 142 Watt, George Webster, Arnold .. Webster, W. D 138 221 153 229 well samples, oil and natural gas — 166 Wells, D. H.-„ Wells, 53° 121° Welsh, James ._ well drilling rigs, electric power.. S.W. Wesf rob Mines Limited West Columbia Gold Placers Ltd.. West Fraction, 50° 117° S.E 141 31 217 125 142 93 J INDEX 261 Page West Kootenay Mine Safety Association trophy 193 West Vancouver, 49° 123° S.E., sand and gravel 157 Westcoast Transmission Company 161 Western Copperada Mining Corporation 47 Western Exploration Company Limited, Enterprise 98 Mammoth and Standard .— 96 Western Mines Limited, Kootenay Florence 91 Laura M 92 Westmont, 49° 117° N.E A 51, 97, 98 Wheal Tamar, 50° 120° N.E 48, 66 Wheatley, H. A 48 White, Dennis G 86 White, Elizabeth U 37 White, Ronald 221 White, W. H 37 White Rock, 49° 122° S.W., sand and gravel 155 127° N.E 26 White Swan, 54 Whitewater, 50° Whittaker, lohn Whittall, N. R.__ Wilkinson, T. H. Willemar, D. R.._ Willett, C. G 117° S.E. .A 51, 93 219 .133,213 115 25 106 Page Willett Mines Ltd 106 Williams, Arthur, Instructor A 60 Williams, S. F 87 Williams Creek, 53° 121° S.W., placer 139 Williams Lake, 52° 122° S.E... Willow River, 53° 122° S.E., placer- Wilson, Floyd Wilson, R. R.-- Windermere, 50' barite 115° S.W... -33, 34 139 138 .22, 23, 26 110 gypsum Windermere Creek, 50° 115° S.W. Windsor, 50° 120° N.E Windy, 57° 129° N.W Winters, Donald 149 152 gypsum 152 58 14 202 Witches Brook, 50° 120° S.W 46 Woakes, M. E. Wonderful, 49° 117' Woodbury Creek, 49' 69 N.E A 51, 95 116° N.W 92,93 Woodbury Mines Limited, Amazon 92 Red Star 71 Woods, Robert 217 Wow, 53° 124° N.W 28 Wright, H. M 91 Wright, S. W 69 Wright Creek, 59° 133° N.E., placer 138 X.Y.Z. Metals Limited 119 X-ray installations, Branch Analytical and Assay A 59 Yalakom River, 50° 122° N.E 35, 37 Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Limited, Highlander, etc. 91 Tariff 92 Yanks Peak, 52° 121° N.E 33 Yarovich, John 208 Yellow Jacket, 49° 124° N.W A 48, 116 Yellow Kid, 49° 114° N.W.....A 48, 116, 129, 131 Young, D. B 223 Yreka, 50° 127° S.W 117 accident 168 dangerous occurrence 183 Yuill, J. 116, 129 Zeigler, W. L. Zeke, 53° 124° N.W... 85 28 zinc, deposits price production 239 A 10, A 16 ..A 17-A 26, A 47 VICTORIA, B.C. Printed by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty 1957 2,350-257-6771