ANNUAL EEPOKT MINISTEE OF MINES OP THE PROVINCE OP BRITISH COLUMBIA FOR THE Year Ehded 31st December 1935 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OP THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Chables P. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1936. To His Honour Eric Werge Hamber, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: The Annual Report of the Mining Industry of the Province for the year 1935 is herewith respectfully submitted. G. S. PEARSON, Minister of Mines. Minister of Mines' Office, May, 1936. CONTENTS. The Mining Industry. John P. Walker Part A. Synopsis of Mining Laws of B.C. Robert Dunn , Part A. Assay Office. D. E. Whittaker Part A. North-western Mineral Survey District (No. 1). Joseph T. Mandy Part B. North-eastern Mineral Survey District (No. 2). Douglas Lay Part C. Southern and Central Mineral Survey Districts (Nos. 3 and 4). A. M. Richmond Part D. Eastern Mineral Survey District (No. 5). H.Sargent Part E. Western Mineral Survey District (No. 6). B. T. O'Grady Part F. Inspection of Mines. James Dickson Part G. Report of Examiners for Coal-mine Officials. James Strang Part G. Government Mine-rescue Stations. J. D. Stewart, James L. Brown, Alfred Gould, and John T. Puckey Part G. Inspection of Coal-mines. Geo. O'Brien, John G. Biggs, Thomas R. Jackson, Charles Graham, and John MacDonald Part G. Inspection of Quarries. James Strang, Geo. O'Brien, John G. Biggs, and Chas. Graham -■ Part G. Inspection of Metalliferous Mines. James Dickson, Thos. R. Jackson, James Strang, George O'Brien, John G. Biggs, Charles Graham, H. E. Miard, and John MacDonald Part G. BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES. VICTORIA, B.C. Hon. George S. Pearson ------ Minister of Mines. Robert Dunn - - - ■- - - - - Deputy Minister. John F. Walker - Provincial Mineralogist. D. E. Whittaker ... - Provincial Assayer and Analyst. James Dickson ------ Chief Inspector of Mines. Resident Mining Engineers. P. B. Freeland, Senior Engineer, Victoria. J. T. Mandy, No. 1 District, Prince Rupert. ,, . fNo. 3 District, Penticton. . . ' , A. M. Richmond^ Douglas Lay, No. 2 District, Hazelton. [No. 4 District, Penticton. H. Sargent, No. 5 District, Nelson. B. T. O'Grady, No. 6 District, Vancouver. J. S. Stevenson, Victoria. District Inspectors. Geo. O'Brien, Nanaimo. John G. Biggs, Princeton. T. R. Jackson, Nanaimo. Chas. Graham, Prince Rupert. John MacDonald, Fernie. Jas. Strang, Inspector and Examiner, Victoria. H. E. Miard, Inspector and Examiner, Fernie and Nelson. Mine-rescue Station Instructors. Richard Nichol, Nanaimo. A. Gould, Princeton. J. L. Brown, Cumberland. J. T. Puckey, Fernie. PART A. THE MINING INDUSTRY. BY John F. Walker. The value of mine production in 1935 was $48,821,239, an increase of $6,515,942 over the value for 1934. It is approximately the mean of the peak production of $68,245,443 in 1929 and the recent low of $28,798,406 in 1932. The increase for the year was much greater than anticipated, due chiefly to a higher price for silver and lead and a greater volume production for gold. Gold production again accounted for the greatest increase in value for any one metal or material in 1935, followed closely by lead and silver and then by cadmium, zinc, and structural materials. Coal and copper showed substantial losses. Gold production established a new all-time high in both volume and value, exceeding the 1934 record by 25.4 per cent, in value. Zinc established an all-time high in volume production and lead just fell short of the all- time high volume production in 1934. During the year the larger operations maintained their production at capacity and several new milling plants were brought into production. The most serious set-back to the mining industry was the closing-down of the Granby Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company's mine and smelter at Anyox. Cessation of operations were anticipated, as it had been known for some time that the mine was approaching -exhaustion under existing conditions. The number of shipping metalliferous mines increased from 145 in 1934 to 177 in 1935, and those shipping over 100 tons increased from 69 to 72. It is estimated that, during the year, 13,737 men were employed in all branches of the mining industry. This is an increase of 752 over the number employed in 1934. The following list shows the dividends declared by companies engaged in the mining industry in the Province during 1934 and 1935:— Company. 1934. 1935. The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Co. of Canada, Ltd. $1,952,794 $4,232,452 Premier Gold Mining Co., Ltd 600,000 650,000 Beaverdell-Wellington 3,600 36,000 Bell Mines, Ltd. 29,401 50,501 Highland Lass, Ltd 46,208 52,369 Bralorne Mines, Ltd 625,000 300,000 Pioneer Gold Mines of B.C., Ltd 1,226,225 1,401,400 . Reno Gold Mines, Ltd 255,683 Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., Ltd 248,472 372,708 Others 14,205 34,957 Totals $4,745,905 $7,386,070 Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting, and 1934' 193B- Power Co., Ltd. (capital distribution) $2,250,000 Howe Sound Co $1,421,373 1,918,854 The Howe Sound Company is the holding company for the Britannia mine in British Columbia and the El Potosi and Calera mines in Mexico. Dividends paid by this company are therefore derived from the profits on operation of all three mines, so that only part of the dividends paid can be credited to the Britannia mine. The Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting, and Power Company, Limited, closed down its Anyox operations in August, 1935, and the company went into voluntary liquidation. The capital distribution noted above was declared in December, 1935, at the rate of $5 a share. PROVINCIAL LIBRARY VICTORIA, B.C. A further distribution was declared in March, 1936, at the rate of $8 a share, and this latter figure will be credited to 1936 distributions from British Columbia mines. Details of production, etc., of the mining industry are set out in Tables Nos. I. to XVII. GENERAL SITUATION. With the close of 1935 it is even more difficult to forecast the probable value of the mining industry for 1936 than it was for 1935. It is anticipated that gold will again show a substantial increase in volume, but not as great as in 1935. It is believed that the average price will be about the same as in 1935. The average price of silver in 1935 was 17.329 cents higher than in 1934 and it may average about the same in 1936 as in 1934. Therefore, it appears that a very large decrease in the value of production of silver is to be expected even though the volume production is maintained. In the case of copper, the closing-down of the Anyox operation of Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting, and Power Company will result in a very heavy decrease in both volume and value production. The volume of lead production is likely to remain about the same. The present price is appreciably above the average for 1935 and it is anticipated that it will hold fairly steady throughout the year. Therefore, a substantial increase in value production is looked for. The price of zinc is also higher than the average for 1935 and, with volume production likely to be about the same, an appreciable increase in value production is expected. Coal showed a decrease in 1935 of 11.8 per cent., bringing production to the lowest point since 1898. It does not seem reasonable that a further decrease should occur in 1936. Structural materials showed an increase in 1935 over 1934 and an even greater increase may be expected in 1936. Miscellaneous metals and minerals are likely to maintain the increase attained in 1935. Offsetting the heavy anticipated losses in silver and copper by increases in gold, lead, and zinc, it is estimated that the value of the mining industry will be about the same in 1936 as in 1935. METHOD OF COMPUTING PRODUCTION. The total mine production of the Province consists of the outputs of metalliferous minerals, coal, structural materials, and miscellaneous metals, minerals, and materials, valued at standard recognized prices in Canadian funds. In the Annual Report for 1925 some changes were made in the methods used in previous years in computing and valuing the products of the industry, but in order to facilitate comparisons with former years the same general style of tables was adhered to. The methods used in the 1925 Annual Report have been followed in subsequent Annual Reports, with the addition of new tables, the first of which, Table No. I., appeared in the 1933 Annual Report, in order to present additional or more informative data. For the 1934 Annual Report, Table VI., which formerly tabulated the yield of placer gold only, was drawn up to show both placer- and lode-gold values. This will facilitate a rapid view of the total gold production of the Province. Another new table, No. XVII., includes " Mining Companies employing an Average of Ten or more Men." Incorporated in this table, additional data are presented showing the number of operating days at mine and mill, and also tonnage mined and milled. A subsection of the table shows operating days and average men employed at non-shipping mines employing ten or more men. Table I. presents in summary form the mine statistics of the Province in a form that permits ready comparisons being made with tables of similar design presented annually by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics and other Provincial Statistical Bureaus. An important change was made in Table I. for 1934, which embodies comparative figures for 1933. In Table I. of the 1933 Annual Report, which also gave comparative figures for 1932, gold production as set forth is valued at the old standard price of $20.671834 per fine ounce, and placer gold value converted to fine ounces at that figure also. In order to show the value of gold in Canadian funds, the calculated so-called " premium " was shown in the table as " Exchange equalization on gold." Commencing with the 1934 Annual Report, all gold will be valued at the yearly average of the current price of gold per fine ounce in Canadian funds. THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 9 In the 1934 Annual Report all tables in which the value of gold enters and covering production for the years 1932, 1933, and 1934 are shown with production valued at the yearly average price of gold and not the old standard price. The only tables not brought up to date in the 1934 Annual Report in this regard are Tables VII. and VIII., but these have been changed in this report. The following notes explain the methods used:— (1.) From the certified returns of lode mines of ore and concentrate shipments made during the full calendar year by the producers the net recovered metal contents have been determined by deducting from the " assay value content " necessary corrections for smelting and refining losses. In making comparisons of production figures with previous years, it should be remembered that prior to 1925 in the Annual Reports the total metal production, with the exception of copper, was determined by taking the assay value content of all ores shipped; deductions for slag losses were made by taking varying percentages off the metal prices. (2.) Gold-placer returns are received from the operators in dollars and the dollar value for the years 1932,1933, and 1934 were converted to fine ounces at $20.67; previously the price of $17 an ounce, which is believed to represent the average value of placer gold throughout the Province, at the old valuation of gold, was used to convert the dollar value to ounces. (3.) The prices used in valuing the different metals are: For gold, the average price for the year; for silver, the average New York metal-market price for the year; for lead, the average London metal-market price for the year; and for zinc, the average London metal- market price for the year. As in 1934, copper in 1935 is valued at the average London metal- market price. Prior to 1932 copper was valued at the average New York price. The change was made because very little copper was being marketed in the United States on account of high tariff charges against importations from foreign countries. The bulk of the lead and zinc production of the Province is sold on the basis of the London prices of these metals and they are therefore used. The New York, St. Louis, and Montreal lead- and zinc-market prices differ materially from the London prices of these metals and are not properly applicable to the valuing of the British Columbia production. By agreement with the Dominion Bureau of Statistics and the Provincial Statistical Bureaus, the following procedure of taking care of the exchange fluctuations has been agreed upon:— (a.) Silver to be valued at the average New York price, adjusted to Canadian funds at the average exchange rate. (6.) Lead, zinc, and copper to be valued at London prices, adjusted to Canadian funds at the average exchange rate. The following table shows the average metal-market prices from 1931 to 1935 in Canadian funds:— Average Metal-market Prices for 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935. Year. Silver (New York). CoPPEE. Lead. Zinc. London. New York. London. New York. London. St. Louis. 1931 Cents per Oz. 28.700* 31.671* 37.8328* 47.461* 64.790* Cents per Lb. Cents per Lb. 8.116* 5.555 7.025 8.428 8.649 Cents per Lb. 2.7101* 2.1136* 2.3916* 2.436* 3.133* Cents per Lb. 4.243 3.180 3.869 3.860 4.065 Cents per Lb. 2.554* 2.4056* 3.2105* 3.044* 3.099* Cents per Lb. 3.640 1932 6.3802* 7.4548* 7.419* 7.795* 2.876 1933 - 1934 4.029 4.158 1986 4.328 * Prices used in compiling total metal valuations in 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935 Annual Reports. Gold average price in 1935 was $35.19 ; in 1934, $34.50 ; in 1933, $28.60 ; and in 1932 was $23.47. (4.) In 1926 a change was made in computing coal and coke statistics. The practice in former years had been to list coal and coke production (in part) as primary mineral production. Only the coke made in bee-hive ovens was so credited; that made in by-product ovens A 10 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935. was not listed as coke, but the coal used in making this coke was credited as coal production. The result was that the coke-production figures were incomplete. Starting with the 1926 Annual Report, the standard practice of the Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa, has been adopted. This consists of crediting all coal produced, including that used in making coke, as primary mine production. Coke-making is considered a manufacturing industry. As it is, however, of interest to the mining industry, a table included in the Report shows the total coke produced in the Province, together with by-products, and the values given by the producers. This valuation of coke is not, of course, included in the total gross mine production of the Province. From 1918 to 1930 coal production was valued at $5 per long ton. In 1931 the price used was $4.50, and in 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935 the price used has been $4.25 per long ton. In making comparisons with former years the decline in dollar value is accentuated by this lowered price. ADDENDA. The following figures, compiled from returns on the subject made by companies and individuals, illustrate the amount of capital employed in the mining industry in 1935, the amount of money distributed in salaries and wages, fuel and electricity, and process supplies (explosives, chemicals, drill-steel, lubricants, etc.). Capital employed includes: Present cash value of the land (excluding minerals) ; present value of buildings, fixtures, machinery, tools, and other equipment; inventory value of materials on hand, ore in process, fuel and miscellaneous supplies on hand; inventory value of finished products on hand; operating capital (cash, bills and accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, etc.). Class. Capital employed. Salaries and Wages. Fuel and Electricity. Process Supplies. Lode-mining - „ Placer-mining— - - $94,751,300 5,444,983 21,381,112 18,498,352 3,164,206 $12,109,316 527,235 3,234,964 532,314 349,538 $2,092,488 28,058 290,652 127,372 81,069 $3,751,073 16,091 619,699 110 928 54,939 Totals- - - _ _ _ $143,239,953 $16,753,367 $2,619,639 $4,552,730 THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 11 TABLE I.—British Columbia Mine Production, 1934 and 1935. Quantity, 1934. Quantity, 1935. Value, 1934. Value, 1935. Per Cent. Increase ( + ) or Decrease ( —). Quantity. Value. Metallics. $ 297,771 91,019 3,567,401 10,250,985 714,431 8,461,859 2,051 4,068,792 7,546,893 $ 6,584 441,203 3,023,768 12,852,936 895,058 10,785,930 1,275 5,994,075 7,940,860 — 97.8 +384.7 lb. 48,084,658 297,130 25,181 347,366,967 53 8,572,916 247,926,844 38,791,127 365,244 30,929 344,268,444 39 9,251,544 256,239,446 — 19.1 + 22.9 + 22.8 — 0.9 — 26.4 + 7.9 + 3.4 — 15.2 + 25.4 + 25.3 lb. + 27.5 — 37.8 Silver _ + 47.3 Zinc -. ...lb. + 5.2 Totals 35,001,202 41,941,689 + 19.8 Fuel. Coal (2,240 lb.) tons 1,347,090 1,187,968 5,725,133 5,048,864 — 11.8 — 11.8 NON-METALLICS. 287 89,732 87,982 1,600 2,045 2,318 7,187 7,281 361,812 428 36,673 84,982 1,670 + 49.1 — 59.1 — 3.4 Fluxes—limestone, quartz Gypsum products, gypsite.... tons tons 63,863 36,378 — 42.9 + 4.4 — 100.0 Phosphate, dolomite, volcanic ash Slate (crushed), talc tons Sodium carbonate, magnesium sul- 100.0 484 506 37,367 390 584 46,783 4,293 10,395 453,528 — 19.4 + 15.4 + 25.2 — 40.3 + 42.8 Sulphurt —- tons + 25.3 ^R No. -No. 560,243 591,969 + 5.7 Clay Products and oth Structural Materials. Clay Products. Brick— 2,765,307 180,610 2,388,451 910,618 35,122 6,815 81,864 7,737 9,549 42,440 7,171 2,512 30,632 25,821 77,404 7,137 14,766 49,328 3,508 4,040 — 13.6 +404.2 + 1.9 ._ + 17.5 — 12.5 Face, paving, sewer brick . +278.9 — 5.4 513 523 668,907 7.8 s No. cts -— + 54.6 + 16.2 — 51.8 Drain-tile, sewer-pipe .__ Pottery—glazed or unglazed 569,297 + 60.8 Totals 193,224 212,636 + 10.5 Other Structural Materials. 232,009 195,363 249,129 56,491 92,503 314,115 133,286 362,996 95,152 120,532 + 35.4 tons 62,124 82,902 + 33.4 — 31.8 + 45.7 Stone—building, grindstones Rubble, riprap, crushed rock .tons tons 3,099 100,428 4,640 173,653 + 49.7 + 72.9 + 68.4 + 30.3 825,495 1,026,081 + 24.3 adian Total value in Can 42,305,297 48,821,239 + 15.4 * Canadian funds. f Sulphur content of pyrites shipped, estimated sulphur contained in sulphuric acid made from waste smelter- gases, and elemental sulphur. A 12 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935. TABLE II.—Total Production for all Years up to and including 1935. Gold, placer Gold, lode Silver Copper Lead Zinc Coal and coke Structural materials Miscellaneous minerals, etc. $81,448,759* 177,645,062* 119,654,601 284,108,357 201,482,453 119,410,520 360,650,655 71,070,875 9,787,360 Total , $1,425,258,642 * Canadian funds. TABLE III.—Production for each Year from 1852 to 1935 (inclusive). 1852 to 1895 (inclusive) $94,547,241 1896 7,507,956 1897 10,455,268 1898 10,906,861 1899 12,393,131 1900 16,344,751 1901 20,086,780 1902 17,486,550 1903 17,495,954 1904 18,977,359 1905 22,461,325 1906 24,980,546 1907 25,882,560 1908 23,851,277 1909 24,443,025 1910 26,377,066 1911 23,499,072 1912 32,440,800 1913 30,296,398 1914 26,388,825 1915 29,447,508 1916 42,290,462 1917 $37,010,392 1918 41,782,474 1919 33,296,313 1920 35,543,084 1921 28,066,641 1922 35,158,843 1923 41,304,320 1924 48,704,604 1925 61,492,242 1926 67,188,842 1927 60,729,358 1928 65,372,583 1929 :._.. 68,245,443 1930 55,391,993 1931 34,883,181 1932 *28,798,406 1933 *32,602,672 1934 *42,305,297 1935 *48,821,239 Total $1,425,258,642 * Canadian funds. TABLE IV.—Quantities and Value of Mine Products for 1933, 1934, and 1935. Description. 1933. 1934. 1935. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Gold, placer* : -.oz. Gold, lode* _ _ oz. Silver - oz. Lead lb. Zinc lb. Coal - -tons, 2,240 lb. 23,928 223,529 7,006,406 42,608,002 271,606,071 195,963,751 1,264,746 $562,787 6,392,929 2,650,720 3,176,341 6,495,731 6,291,416 5,375,171 1,024,045 633,532 25,181 297,130 8,572,916 48,084,658 347,366,967 247,926,844 1,347,090 $714,431 10,250,985 4,068,792 3,567,401 8,461,859 7,546,893 5,725,133 1,017,141 952,662 30,929 365,244 9,251,544 38,791,127 344,268,444 256,239,446 1,187,968 $895,058 12,852,936 5,994,075 3,023,768 10,785,930 7,940,860 5,048,864 1,238,717 1,041,031 Totals $32,602,672 $42,305,297 $48,821,239 * Canadian funds. THE MINING INDUSTRY. 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OS OS OS © © essc. OS OS OS CS C. C OS C. OS OS CS OS CS CSS OS OS OS <3> cs :.. O H CM rH rH © © © © ITS 10 00 m CO rH CO ■^ rH rH CO CO C- to CO to IN lO CM "* rH CM CM CM Ic- 69- CM 00 CM_ CO CO UO -TP CM CO IO ©" rH OS* rH CM co t- ira © co no co m CO* CO CO* rH t- CO rH i-H CO H t- W rH © t- © © t> 00 © CM [c- 00" ico ■s^Dnpojj ^[0 -19^0 ee- CO t- CO 10 CM C- 5 -a a M -r> O s C ■4- C 'Z ■4- C c F r ( C < i c a 1 « < .5 9 9 a (J F 0 5 1 n a -<- -4- c 7 a f < < c 1 1 1 ( t/ a 1 a Q PC C\ c 2 + 1 1 2 ' E s c T 5 C c 'J 0 L a S> I ! ■ > S a F 1 c c I t "i I a P C c 1 •c e a ' C c > < r > 4 C I p " t a 1 X c c F a ( f. c X F R 1 1 ! 1 a i c F ( a 1 •j c + 1 % P c ft < F a T C C F 0 ( 1 ! 1 r 1 c ! j > F a c 5 »t J E G ) * F 1 I 1 5 1 . : ;.[ 1 < ! f- c I- •r I 0 i •* 4 P C + 1 i ' E ' i . a J 1 4 Q p F Q E ; c I 1 1 c ! * C c > ■ « < i > t I 4 j 1 ) ! .S e 3> c 1 t > < | H rH cy -^> F3 j ■j) • OJ ; cy ■J i t r A 20 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935. CO p r-H S a < 1 2 ca p o H I o H O P Q O OS Pm H J PQ H •SIB^OX CM CO 69- CM CM t- w © t- CO m © © © © t- t- 00 © © CC cc to CO © •S[b;ox uoisiaiq ee- ■^1 CM CO CM CM m CD c- co in <3S -<* © : OS* r4 © : t- © 00 m © co © ** in (M rH rH in* tjT CO © OO CO m CO ©n •^J4 © ■OIBX 69- © CO cm m --* rH CO in •pajn^O'ejnuBiu pioy outufdpng puB o^uA^ jo ^.ua^uoo jnu_dpn.g puB ([Bq,uaui -aia) jnqding 69- © CM CO to* © CO CO CO © © cm m t-* CO* io in j umisauSBj^ p*UB Bpog 69- in OS CO © in © CO ©- •(pausnjQ) 69- © CM CO* © CM CO* ■uinupBfjj 69- © CM CM tD -<* © m t- * (bjuoo Pu-B So a) uoji *ys- © © © to © © r-? CM CO CO ■s^anpojj uin.sdA'j) 69- CM CO OS CO pus auo^s 63- CM CO CM CM \ in ©_ cs" © CM in CO © CO •a^iuio^BtQ; 69- 00 CM 00 CM •uiniuipB^ 69- CO © CM CO © CM 00 in ©" •u^nuistg 69- CO iq to District and Division. + + D P F *. a + 9 a E ■4- (. c rZ i 1 j ■ '1 a « |z CI F a § c •*■ a C < F c « ( < f a 1 c n a PC c < *i -r D E p. (1 + < + E 2 1 S e c c X T 0 r a 5 a c ! " ? Q F i c 1 i i +■ c i - 'c! 1 F c 0 f c c 1 0 t E _ • F C E 0 K 1 l4 i M ) ■ + i | ,! < c c *. 1 ( < E f 9 r 1 '■ I i < | l 5 t e a c 0 C c + i p f + s c 1 » t c f1 E a n 'c C ^ E 0 q i i ! 1 » ! ! t c \ j E 4 1 f 0 f 0 e c 5 ■J r- ! J r 1 ■« J ^ j ( 1 c j 5 i 12 1 a rS I C ) * 1 J ! i 3 ! 4 E 5 - i £ s t 1 r- j «F ( 4 e 1 : i : C > t \ i i \l ) , E 1 i i «' ) r 1 __ J s i 1 c p ! o : E c ! > i < 1 .1 i h ! i ' j < I > u ! c; ■ +j ! co C fi j cy :^ : B i °* ? 1 9 0 ! P [ 03 a B •4- C h THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 21 BRITISH COLUMBIA MINE PRODUCTION, 1895 -1935. 10 i 10 so in i 60 V) j \ / \ 1 \ \ I 1 1 -Jl— J J 0 Q 0 30 / \ / j 1 j 40 0 -30 / \ / / '> 1 j j 1 c A / | i ( s j\ / / 1 > n 1 \ / / /\ \ .<- •> s / _ ^ / ( i}- rrt -A ? M Is 1* F i ?C >t )\ £ *■ F >L .A c E fi ( 501 _P 10U3l^crjCriQ-~CVicr)^-Lr|lorvcoCTir3-- 5 2 2j 2} 14 rr, SJ- U"i 2 / / i \ \ \ u ,- 4 / / 1 1 / / / / i i i V \ 1 j i 4 / / / 2 :ir JC- / / 'X i j 'n ,s / / / , ■*. * '' > / / / cc 5Pf =>EI * *-« , mm - —y- •-V / . /' •■*"* * V s ■ * * if) " UJ U iO z Z 9 o 8 o 6 01 5 '■/ Ul u /o u 2 9 a o a 7 b_ 0 6 5 oi 2 4 0 3 ^ c ;il VE R y / / i V f s 2 2 2 2 UJ O 300 000:/ u z. 3 Q BOO 000 Q OL D *\ 100 000 100 000 lH^UTlO^HJtOO-MlriiJlr pi ffl 01 Q pj Crj THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 23 TABLE XIV.—Men employed in the Mining Industry of British Columbia, 1935. Lode-mining. . 0> H QJ Coal-mining. Structural Materials. 01 3 o GJ c District. to co 5 a s.5 S g C P > o < o Eh 0.8 s m a u OJ B P > o < o 0J i O No. 1 - 270 401 198 599 78 179 41 1 8 1,176 No. 2 598 201 97 298 27 11 2 13 58 994 No. 3 - 62 70 176 51 241 1,028 25 132 590 76 373 1,618 45 122 376 2,592 75 245 614 34 129 205 109 374 819 54 38 81 8 2 7 1 524 361 No. 4 - 978 No. 5 6,188 No. 6 115 818 455 1,273 259 1,200 456 1,656 264 259 214 4,040 Totals— 1935. _. _.. 1,291 2,740 1,497 4,237 907 2,771 2,145 826 2,971 536 270 754 13,737 1934 - 1,122 2,796 1,729 4,525 631 2,890 2,050 843 2,893 377 187 360 12,985 TABLE XV.—Tonnage, Number of Mines, and Net Value of Lode Minerals, 1935. District. Tonnage. No. of Shipping Mines, 1935. No. of Mines shipping over 100 Tons. Net Value to Shipper of Lode Minerals produced. No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 1,379,425 74,830 27,444 127,215 2,172,582 1,134,653 11 8 8 37 92 21 6 3 5 19 30 9 $2,261,741 1,247,621 262,525 No. 4 ■ 1,451,670 No. 5 13,988,213 No. 6 - 6,196,144 4,916,147 177 72 $25,407,914 A 24 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935. « > a > s > c £ « "S» ^ » g g 2S2"3* $ s" rs o ooor^o r3 o H 2, ^* > QJ M O 73 Pi ,- ft tn c h ft - o K o 3 to O 4! .2 & £ S £ 3 > fl or" > > rl N N -H f > s > ° s s co O to io to Q CJ io £ O to a <= Cyanidation .„. - Cyanidation .'.,.,• _ c B c c c -r- c a "cfl +-" o a g s CO CO H CO o PS .S o £■2 Q° 01 G .. o « ;5b Oo o < t- © " t- r? 3 a bo n 3 -41 o o o * " .S 01 . . rH H O Ph Ph tJ) fin c^ > ja -M O Ph .3 » : ^ PM M O, C5 « , r. 'h 3 3 a flBWOHaiinM O O a « ' x S . o ! O I O I ~2 O OS r3 "J O .«' 0j Q OOKflJ>U o DQ M a 41» a si ■4-S o a E a h hJ Ph K THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 25 'O o rO ft o a a 3 u O rH rH rH (H U 1 8 1 > ■S > > o > > s *J B 2 ^ r> o o o W 02 CO O U 'co O CJ OOO Q CJ CJ rl "O f4 -O 13 3 2 % 3 g > 3* S" > 3* > 3* > > O O a OiTJTS o o s os 0737S OOwOrowUOwOwOcow CJ f> « « CJ CJ d d d f. n C a N N N N N N N ■n T-, XI T1 T! ■n T! 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BOO ya- a a B « Jjl anStScdfcuB > -fi ioUDfl O i-i W ago H <1 ' a III . £ g g a s> l> P CO j> g C^ Ph P. t- O w M P^ P* 'O o ^ ,rt *5 h S 3 J8 CJ H Si! £ c oi S d & 5 o OH8BOO B ^ w oi o tB > n to s^ o o o * r S d P C n Oj Oi OJ CJ rrj "^ rrj rQ rrj rg rQ O O O O O O O ' o o o o o o o , ^ r ■*-*'** crtO[>ajQjairHiHCjjajQjajrtaj -— H- "i •-< ;h ^h Si « 1- f-i rH r, CJ in s c c c rH rH rH rH ouuo ou •s js ^ js C •— P d « d 5> 'S - oj > QJ >■ ir CJ 03 QJ CJ £ rH CJ rH CJ OJ UffiOSh J4 CO 01 Ph >. r- « CO rilJ +■ a P K P- r^ 1 s- i— Si .5 a Si rJ r£ a r- C 'S D PL | C c ■4- s c PC 0 a « >• ■9 g C r^ | CO c "a >, rt ft" Ph HP 0 B Bs rH a r=l 'c 8 r 8 0 43 CJ r= ^ n OJ H Jd r. « c c > PC ec pc PC CJ 0 w C w +Jf1Jfir>>aJr*1-2CQJ tobt4Soo>-=;r>tajft vJ^^ZipHpHWcocococo A 26 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935. N N N rH CJ W V V ej C) f) CJ C) o 'O CJ CJ CJ CJ u o 13 11 CJ d a fi d a a rf d S d f\ d d d n) cd d d rt pj d d at at d « N OJ JV o QJ N QJ ta N & N N « N N N » M N N N N N N O bo o bo 0 bo d d d d (ti d O bo O CI Rt CJ at m at at CO CJ LSI N oi N QJ *N £ o N QJ OJ * CJ Oj CJ N iS a) CJ N « aj cj cj cj 3 , U U U U rH rH rH rH rH U UUUUUUUU qjcjcjcjcjcjcjcjqjqjcj ajcjcjcjajajcjo >>>£>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> COC0O3O2COCOC0COCOC0W WcOCOCOCOCOCOCO d .2 d o cfi d 0 tp at rH 4J d QJ CJ d 0 CJ QJ rQ at H d d d 0 0 o 0 o o cc cd ta .. .. ,„ d d d o o rH rH u d d d CJ d d d o o CJ CJ QJ CJ ■D rQ rQ at at at LH h ; H h3 ft atO Q en Is o CM cn t- CN a T-i CM CO CM C7l +* w 3 60 3 < g E Ph 3 CO to w 2; o PS w 3 < a x H pq «i 01 fi hj Pti3 CO O ^ tO rJ !-t Vrj SJ' & « m o ■S &* g >£ £ ^ £ .2 a s 23 CJ " fi w £ d rH O O o o So fi CO CO Ch co 2 - ft C X 2 H ! CO 6} fi ■« fi O 1-1 "3 "" - .5 B « § * to fi s s =a 6U -» cj _: t .5 s o c 6 ct; S g M « a S a w is 03 a a 60 u X : O o 8 B .S c =a 3 . 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Ph Ph t*4 4J H Bboou d d d fi d 60 ct at cj .fi ct d d fi d § p o u o 0 o o CJ CJ CJ CJ . 00000 H^^rdrS^^^^-r-ocu- 'COCOCOCOpHCOWrHr-HfflUKrH H Cfi £r5 Ot-H m •« » si « m ' OOOO Hr4rHr4rHr4r4Br4WM CJ CJ QJ CJ o ft OO O rH ' O w to to CJ 0 to 0) 'ni "a) 2 'S 15 rH CO a jg •^ CO fS Q > ■BBS' SB « H ft > 2 b 2 ■ «* 5 01 ti 73 d d 60 -P PC i r£ .5 p 1 a c ! p ! r- ri fc P c H H? R a i > c 0 > a! < r- a c. IS < «4H H o oj E h 33 co o CO CJ.— .JHJ1 CJ OI — ^ W 1HH"^.J;J1 H !-<+- K '-J OOjhlggp,SK?OHS*SSoi|H!BPQ so^soisso BficOOOi-MOlO OW&hOOOOWM A 28 REPORT OP THE MINISTER OP MINES, 1935. "S IO CO CS p o a w < pq c CJ t: t: c d at d "5 ^ r^ r4 In M rH "5 OJ QJ CJ o «*H O rQ rrj rr oj oj a a 0. rrt U C ea PC ft ft ft 0 O O O O r a ft ft 0 CJ CJ TJ h r* >H rH f. rrj ;Jh' Jh," ,jh* ^' ^* U U H3 T h rH* rH* U U U rH r4 fn (h" (h* h -4-> r-H OJ OJ QJ QJ 0J •-hqjcjqj Qjajajajr-Hf-- QJ CJ QJ QJ CJ CJ Q. 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J rO 2 6 & n fi b c M a ■b e „■; " 3 0 k O m i-j 1-3 f> I Ph P r- 1 0 60 fi 0 is J r*4 Ct J| ■2 j g M . I . P C3 C M C r? £ . w S g | 2 2 £ ■P 3 Ph » S q t- ,3 .60 °« j pq £ C § | a 1 j rj "J a a £ d 0 > 1- 01 B 4 a . d OJ rH CJ *rH"3 o3 A rW rM "3 a f-l ca .2 M +3 o < c •e QJ 0J QJ CJ >H U 'Z T t: T "C X X ^ QJ d s >c t CJ •% CJ _ c Coop P fi fi C c c fi " c a ^S fi J3 E D 3 en . : rp p c S rH i Cj oj QJ c B CO CO CC fit ct ct Ct f [ cd O O r- 10 M - t c- 'a rffi 1/ 0 { 1? t0 -ri TrH to 10 B H to a O r3 % P. 1 1 i ffl H id Kl WtOtOtOtOt/ 0 ^ o- P^J-J-Ph Q3P4PhPhP5P: PS > PS O Eh PS PC < 5 W c- O ft ct c '■T T 3 O rH t- c a p 4 ct 7 O rH O CJ d s ( < ft t C 1 1 > 6 ? T s a > i s £ ( ( I rC V 2 5 c Z c V b P 1 > i < i 1- C 1 > a > r- c a s H- a i 6 s 0. E ■ > c 7 & 4- a > a > c r- P 1 DC a C PC r r r- a > ( > 1 c P 1 a a P c ' 1 PC - THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 23 to 2 £ e QJ qj i fi ! CJ s> r* - , CO - ' > o ■$ r CQ HI tO J » s . 0) B CO fi M DJ.PS B S C 2 o 2 ° CO c O a o t, o S « fi a .fi o O 8 Ph ^, M H lH *H QJ CJ OJ QJ QJ rr^ rrj rrj rrHj rrj 'o © 3 "o 'o O O O O O > r=t CO O Ol Oj C^ OS ; > > 01 > ol 73 o 60 60 BU Q) oj S 2 S m o U s - > „ : ■ 8 : B 3 cjiig as -■ <£ - ° 73 r* 8 .S o 3 > J3 5 a o CO a .s a o a to o 01 ^ cj £-3 3 3 bo co S gr-l > < < Q o 60 to C Ph .5 7, c rlow Young, ern Min IS CO ns 4 73 c S 0 Eh S g 0 s £* CS B r- CJ .£ 3 r- rC co 01 -5 ,2 0 CO N < A to s 5 0 -fi Ph H Ph >h r rH a a 3 a •4- c c H- t c a +5 ct C p 3 *p P a a s W. In H3 CO CO > Ph << a < PS g to B A 30 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OP MINES, 1935. TABLE XVII.—Mining Companies Employing an Average op Ten or more Men during 1935. Shipping Mines. Days Operating. Average Number of Men. Tonnage. Mine. Mill. Mine. Mill. Mined. Milled or Shipped. Granby Cons. M.S. & P. Co., Ltd.— 211 212 212 345 74 100 364 365 365 364 259 168 184 300 108 310 298 333 305 360 340 276 225 197 278 148 180 170 245 260 280 307 365 365 218 365 365 68 365 150 290 338 343 325 348 315 349 279 336 212 212 340 116 15 298 365 365 355 113 134 59 161 359 335 304 122 193 312 180 101 100 60 306 323 365 220 139 348 70 266 241 210 348 365 349 169 170 55 367 15 20 8 12 144 125 61 35 16 25 7 15 6 16 18 52 11 20 17 71 5 60 589 15 12 32 12 14 " 10 8 45 42 96 57 40 61 5 42 10 10 48 12 38 273 23 200 13 13 376 65 65 7 4 5 30 12 13 25 7 5 7 3 16 9 7 99 6 20 235 5 13 6 25 2 7 8 33 10 9 17 8 18 6 4 18 11 25 7 200 65,570 1,132,123 8,907 12,113 65,570 1,135,820 Granby Point. Surf Point—.. __ _ Surf Inlet 8,907 12,113 137 Dun well Syndicate 3,022 3,851 149,672 43,269 30,340 14,535 700 7,241 1,838 908 8,530 529 1,829 32,447 1,092 629 7,972 55,314 5,112 57,715 1,876,105 11,000 3,021 3,851 149,671 43,418 Island Mountain Mines Co „.„ . 30,340 15,732 Jenny Long: Gold Mines 700 7,141 1,838 908 14,737 529 Bell Mine, Ltd. . 1,829 Dentonia Mines, Ltd 32,447 1,092 629 7,972 54,032 5,112 55,918 1,859,221 11,000 20,165 2,303 9,000 20,165 Noble Five ' 2,303 9,000 Gold Fern 833 17,100 16,799 39,917 28,197 600 14,650 12,998 39,862 28,197 11,450 Sheep Creek Gold Mines - Ymir Yankee Girl, Ltd 31,480 3,000 28,813 31,480 2,850 28,813 Velvet Gold Mining Co.. Franklin River (B.C.) . 75 7,330 160 4,402 145,113 20,558 135,781 75 Vidette Gold Mines, Ltd _ Abco Mines, Ltd. ' Grange Mines, Ltd 7,052 46 4,300 145,113 20,558 135,467 2 693 Pioneer Gold Mines Ashloo Gold Mining Syndicate.— — Britannia M. & S. Co., Ltd.. _ 817,250 817,250 THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 31 TABLE XVII.—Mining Companies Employing an Average of Ten or more Men during 1935—Continued. Non-shipping Mines. Name of Mine or Company. Days Operating. Average Number of Men. Tonnage. Mine. Mill. Mine. Mill. Mined. Milled or Shipped. 365 260 155 275 365 355 365 79 365 365 123 365 250 40 15 14 12 7 10 20 11 19 26 23 12 27 32 10 30 Gold Belt B.K.X. Gold Mines LECTURES TO PROSPECTORS. The series of fourteen lectures on geology and mining, prepared by the Provincial Mineralogist in 1934, was again presented during the winter of 1935-36 by the Resident Mining Engineers and other instructors at the following centres throughout the Province:— Michel-Natal. Kelowna. Hazel ton. Prince George. Smithers. Usk. Kimberley. New Denver. North Vancouver. Penticton. Prince Rupert. Princeton. Premier. Rossland. Savona (Vidette mine). Vancouver (three classes). Victoria (two classes). Slocan. Burnaby (two classes). Burton. Nakusp. Sanca. Boswell. Cranbrook. Fort Steele. Wardner. Fernie. Grasmere (Flagstone Station). The estimated total average attendance at the lectures prior to the completion of the course was 1,268. This work was carried out in conjunction with the Department of Education and it is expected that the lectures will be given during the winter of 1936 and 1937. PLACER TRAINING CAMPS. The Provincial Government Department of Labour created a plan whereby unmarried, physically fit, unemployed men between the ages of 21 and 25 years were given an opportunity to learn Placer-mining. Instruction was carried out under the direction of the Senior Engineer. Camp-sites were not chosen with the idea of finding bonanza deposits of Placer gold, but locations were made close to transportation where a sufficient amount of gold was procurable to demonstrate mining methods. To fulfil this idea, four placer-mining training camps were established in reserved areas a mile long, as follows: On the Nanaimo river; on Emory creek; at Cherry Creek; and on the Fraser river 10 miles north-east of Quesnel. Each camp held twenty-five men. Two instructors were appointed to each tent-camp, one to teach Placer- mining methods in all its different phases; the other to instruct the men in the art of camp- cooking and how to look after themselves in the hills. This included " first-aid " instruction. Food and equipment supplied was similar to that used by prospectors. Instruction lasted from a month to six weeks, according to ability to learn. In some camps such as Emory creek tuition lasted longer because more construction was necessary to bring water for sluicing to the workings. A 32 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935. A total of about fifty men in groups of five, after training was completed, were equipped and sent out prospecting within reasonable distances from transportation. This plan was considered advisable on account of the lateness of the season when training stopped. Gold recovered whilst in training was shared amongst the trainees. When prospecting all recoveries were shared by parties of five. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. By an arrangement made at the time the Province of British Columbia entered Confederation, all geological investigations and mapping in the Province were to be carried on by the Geological Survey of Canada; this agreement has been fully adhered to by the Dominion Government and has proved of great benefit to the mining industry of the Province. Each year several geological parties are kept in the field, and in the aggregate a vast amount of information is made available to the prospector and the mining engineer in the many excellent reports and maps covering British Columbia which have been issued by the Geological Survey of Canada. For some years a branch office of the Geological Survey has been maintained in Vancouver, where copies of maps and reports on British Columbia can be obtained. The officer in charge of the British Columbia office is W. E. Cockfield and the address is 512 Winch Building, Vancouver, B.C. During the season of 1935 the Geological Survey of Canada had the following officers employed on field-work in British Columbia:— George Hanson with D. A. McNaughton carried out geological reconnaissance in the Eagle River-McDame Creek area, north and east of Dease lake. E. D. Kindle made detailed examinations of mineral properties in the vicinity of the Prince Rupert branch of the Canadian National Railways east from Terrace. M. S. Hedley conducted a reconnaissance survey on a scale of 4 miles to the inch in the Sibola district. A. Lang carried out a detailed survey in the Keithley Creek area of the Cariboo. C. E. Cairnes continued detailed geological mapping in the Bridge River district. H. C. Horwood conducted a reconnaissance survey on 4 miles to the inch west of the Fraser river, southerly from the Nahatlatch river. M. F. Bancroft examined the gold-bearing deposits on the west coast of Vancouver island from Alberni canal to north of Esperanza inlet. N. F. G. Davis carried out a reconnaissance survey on a scale of 4 miles to the inch in the Camp McKinney area. H. V. Warren carried out similar work in the David Creek area. W. E. Cockfield made detailed examinations of mineral properties in the Ymir-Nelson area. H. M. A. Rice completed geological mapping on a scale of 1 mile to the inch in the Cranbrook area. R. Bartlett in charge and A. C. Tuttle carried out topographic mapping on a scale of 4 miles to the inch in the Eagle River-McDame Creek area; W. H. Miller in charge and S. M. Steeves on the Smithers sheet; H. A. S. West on the Fort Fraser sheet; J. A. McDonald on the Giscome sheet; and R. C. McDonald on the Ashcroft and Hope sheets, carried out topographic mapping on a scale of 4 miles to the inch. THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 33 SYNOPSIS OF MINING LAWS OF B.C. BY Robert Dunn. Mineral Act and Placer-mining Act. The mining laws of British Columbia are very liberal in their nature and compare favourably with those of any other part of the world. The terms under which both lode and placer claims and placer leaseholds are held are such that a prospector is greatly encouraged in his work, and the titles, especially for mineral claims and placer-mining leaseholds, are perfect. The fees required to be paid are as small as possible, consistent with a proper administration of the mining industry, and are generally lower than those commonly imposed elsewhere. Provision is also made for the formation of mining partnerships practically without expense, and a party of miners is enabled to take advantage of these sections of the Acts so that such miners may work their claims jointly. Placer-mining leases are granted for a period of twenty years and are approximately 80 acres in size. On a lode claim of 51 acres the expenditure of $500 in work, which may be spread over five years, is required to obtain a Crown grant, and surface rights are obtainable at a small figure, in no case exceeding $5 per acre. The following synopsis of the mining laws will be found sufficient to enable the miner or intending investor to obtain a general knowledge of their scope and requirements; for particulars, however, the reader is referred to the Acts relating to mining, which may be obtained from any Mining Recorder, or from the Department of Mines or the King's Printer, Victoria, B.C. Free Miners' Certificates. Any person over the age of 18, and any joint-stock company, may obtain a free miner's certificate on payment of the required fee. The fee to an individual for a free miner's certificate is $5 for one year. To a joint-stock company having a capital of $100,000, or less, the fee for a year is $50; if capitalized beyond this, the fee is $100. The free miners' certificates run from date of issue and expire on the 31st of May next after its date, or some subsequent 31st day of May (that is to say, a certificate may be taken out a year or more in advance if desired). Certificates may be obtained for any part of a year, terminating on May 31st, for a proportionately less fee. The possession of this certificate entitles the holder to enter upon all lands of the Crown, and upon any other lands on which the right to so enter is not specially reserved, for the purpose of prospecting for minerals, locating claims, and mining. A free miner can only hold, by location, one mineral claim on the same vein or lode, but may acquire others by purchase. Under the " Placer-mining Act," a free miner may locate one placer claim or leasehold in his own name and one placer claim or leasehold for each of two free miners for whom he acts as agent, on any separate creek, river-bed, bar or dry diggings. Other placer claims or leaseholds may be acquired by purchase. In the event of a free miner allowing his certificate to lapse, his mining property (if not Crown-granted) reverts to the Crown (subject to the conditions set out in the next succeeding paragraph), but where other free miners are interested as partners or co-owners the interest of the defaulter becomes vested in the continuing co-owners or partners pro rata, according to their interests. Six months' extension of time within which to revive title in mining property which has been forfeited through the lapse of a free miner's certificate is allowed. This privilege is given only if the holder of the property obtains a special free miner's certificate within six months after the 31st of May on which his ordinary certificate lapsed. The fee for this special certificate in the case of a person is $15 and in that of a company $300. It is not necessary for a shareholder, as such, in an incorporated mining company to be the holder of a free miner's certificate. 3 A 34 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935. Mineral Claims. Mineral claims are located and held under the provisions of the " Mineral Act." A mineral claim is a piece of land not exceeding in area fifty-one and sixty-five one- hundredths acres. The angles must be right angles unless the boundaries, or one of them, are the same as those of a previously recorded claim. No special privileges are allowed for the discovery of new mineral claims or districts. A mineral claim is located by erecting three " legal posts," which are stakes having a height of not less than 4 feet above ground and squared 4 inches at least on each face for not less than a foot from the top. A tree-stump so cut and squared also constitutes a legal post. A cairn of stones not less than 4 feet in height and not less than 1 foot in diameter 4 feet above the ground may also be used as a legal post. The " discovery post " is placed at the point where the mineral in place is discovered. Nos. 1 and 2 posts are placed as near as possible on the line of the ledge or vein, shown by the discovery post, and mark the boundaries of the claim. Upon each of these three posts must be written the name of the claim, the name of the locator, and the date of location. On No. 1 post, in addition, the following must be written: " Initial post. Direction of Post No. 2 [giving approximate compass bearing'] feet of this claim lie on the right and • • feet on the left of the line from No. 1 to No. 2 posts." The location-line between Nos. 1 and 2 posts must be distinctly marked—in a timbered locality by blazing trees and cutting underbrush, and in bare country by monuments of earth or rock not less than 2 feet in diameter at the base, and at least 2 feet high—so that the line can be distinctly seen. Mineral claims must be recorded in the Mining Recorder's office for the mining division in which they are situate within fifteen days from the date of location, one day extra being allowed for each 10 miles of distance from the recording office after the first 10 miles. If a claim is not recorded in time it is deemed abandoned and open for relocation, but if the original locator wishes to relocate he can only do so by permission of the Gold Commissioner of the district and upon the payment of a fee of $10. This applies also to a claim abandoned for any reason whatever. Mineral claims are, until the Crown grant is issued, held practically on a yearly lease, a condition of which is that during such year assessment-work be performed on the same to the value of at least $100, or a payment of such sum be made to the Mining Recorder. Such assessments must foe recorded foefore the expiration of the year, or the claim is deemed abandoned. If, however, the required assessment-work has been performed within the year, but not recorded within that time, a free miner may, within thirty days thereafter, record such assessment-work upon payment of an additional fee of $10. The actual cost of the survey of a mineral claim, to an amount not exceeding $100, may also be recorded as assessment-work. If, during any year, work is done to a greater extent than the required $100, any further sum of $100—but not less—may be recorded and counted as further assessments; such excess work must be recorded during the year in which it is performed. All work done on a mineral claim between the time of its location and recording may be counted as work done during the first period of one year from the recording. As soon as assessment-work to the extent of $500 is recorded and a survey made of the claim, the owner of a mineral claim is entitled to a Crown grant on payment of a fee of $25, and giving the necessary notices required by the Act. Liberal provisions are also made in the Act for obtaining mill-sites and other facilities in the way of workings and drains for the better working of claims. Placer Claims. Placer-mining is governed by the " Placer-mining Act," and by the interpretation clause its scope is defined as " the mining of any natural stratum or bed of earth, gravel, or cement mined for gold or other precious minerals or stones." Placer claims are of four classes, as follows:— " ' Creek diggings ': any mine in the bed of any stream or ravine: " ' Bar diggings ': any mine between high- and low-water marks on a river, lake, or other large body of water: " ' Dry diggings ': any mine over which water never extends: THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 35 " ' Precious-stone diggings ': any deposit of precious stones, whether in veins, beds, or gravel deposits." The following provisions as to extent of the various classes of claims are made by the Act:— " In ' creek diggings ' a claim shall be two hundred and fifty feet long, measured in the direction of the general course of the stream, and shall extend in width one thousand feet, measured from the general course of the stream five hundred feet on either side of the centre thereof: " In ' bar diggings ' a claim shall be :■—■ "(a.) A piece of land not exceeding two hundred and fifty feet square on any bar which is covered at high water; or "(6.) A strip of land two hundred and fifty feet long at high-water mark, and in width extending from high-water mark to extreme low-water mark: " In ' dry diggings ' a claim shall be two hundred and fifty feet square." The following provision is made for new discoveries of placer-mining ground:— " If any free miner, or party of free miners, discovers a new locality for the prosecution of placer-mining and such discovery be established to the satisfaction of the Gold Commissioner, placer claims of the following sizes shall be allowed to such discoverers, namely:— "To one discoverer, one claim 600 feet in length; " To a party of two discoverers, two claims amounting together to 1,000 feet in length; " And to each member of a party beyond two in number, a claim of the ordinary size only. " The width of such claims shall be the same as ordinary placer claims of the same class: Provided that where a discovery claim has been established in any locality no further discovery shall be allowed within five miles therefrom, measured along the watercourses." Every placer claim shall be as nearly as possible rectangular in form, and marked by four legal posts at the corners thereof, firmly fixed in the ground. On each of such posts shall be written the name of the locator, the number and date of issue of his free miner's certificate, the date of the location, and the name given to the claim. In timbered localities boundary-lines of a placer claim shall be blazed so that the posts can be distinctly seen, underbrush cut, and the locator shall also erect legal posts not more than 125 feet apart on all boundary-lines. In localities where there is no timber or underbrush, monuments of earth and rock, not less than 2 feet high and 2 feet in diameter at base, may be erected in lieu of the last-mentioned legal posts, but not in the case of the four legal posts marking the corners of the claim. A placer claim must be recorded in the office of the Mining Recorder for the mining division within which the same is situate, within fifteen days after the location thereof, if located within 10 miles of the office of the Mining Recorder by the most direct means of travel. One additional day shall be allowed for every 10 miles additional or fraction thereof. The number of days shall be counted inclusive of the days upon which such location was made, but exclusive of the day of application for record. The application for such record shall be under oath and in the form set out in the Schedule to the Act. A claim which shall not have been recorded within the prescribed period shall be deemed to have been abandoned. To hold a placer claim for more than one year it must be rerecorded before the expiration of the record or rerecord. A placer claim must be worked by the owner, or some one on his behalf, continuously, as far as practicable, during working-hours. If work is discontinued for a period of seventy-two hours, except during the close season, lay-over, leave of absence, sickness, or for some other reason to the satisfaction of the Gold Commissioner, the claim is deemed abandoned. Lay-overs are declared by the Gold Commissioner upon proof being given to him that the supply of water is insufficient to work the claim. Under similar circumstances he has also the power to declare a close season, by notice in writing and published in the Gazette, for all or any claims in his district. Tunnel and drain licences are also granted by him on the person applying giving security for any damage that may arise. Grants of right-of-way for the construction of tunnels or drains across other claims are also granted on payment of a fee of $25, the owner of the claims crossed having the right for tolls, etc., on the tunnel or drain which may be constructed. These tolls, however, are, so far as the amount goes, under the discretion of the Gold Commissioner. A 36 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935. Co-owners and Partnerships. In both the " Mineral " and " Placer-mining " Acts provision is made for the formation of mining partnerships, both of a general and limited liability character. These are extensively taken advantage of and have proved very satisfactory in their working. Should a co-owner fail or refuse to contribute his proportion of the expenditure required as assessment-work on a claim he may be " advertised out," and his interest in the claim shall become vested in his co-owners who have made the required expenditure, pro rata according to their former interests. It should not be forgotten that if any co-owner permit his free miner's certificate to lapse, the title of his associates is not prejudiced, but his interest reverts to the remaining co-owners; provided that said co-owner has not taken advantage of the six months' period of grace allowed for the taking-out of a special free miner's certificate, thus reviving the title to his interest. Placer-mining Leases. Leases of unoccupied Crown lands approximately 80 acres in extent may be granted by the Gold Commissioner of the district after location has been made by staking along a " location-line " not more than one-half a mile (2,640 feet) in length. In this line one bend, or change of direction, is permitted. Where a straight line is followed two posts only are necessary—namely, an " initial post " and a " final post." Where there is a change of direction a legal post must be placed to mark the point of the said change. The leasehold is allowed a width not in excess of one-quarter mile (1,320 feet), and the locator, both on his " initial post " and in his notice of intention to apply, which is posted at the office of the Mining Recorder, is required to state how many feet are included in the location to the right and how many feet to the left of the location-line. That section of the Act dealing with the staking of placer-mining leases follows:— " 105a. (1.) For the purpose of locating a placer leasehold, a line to be known as the ' location-line' shall be marked on the ground by placing a legal post at each end, one post to be known as the ' Initial Post' and the other as the ' Final Post.' The direction of the location-line may change at not more than one point throughout its length, and an intermediate legal post shall be placed at the point at which the direction changes. The total length of the location-line, following its change of direction (if any), shall not exceed two thousand six hundred and forty feet. " (2.) Upon the initial post and the final post shall be written the words ' Initial Post' and ' Final Post' respectively, together with the name of the locator and the date of the location. On the initial post shall also be written the approximate compass-bearing of the final post, and a statement of the number of feet of the leasehold lying on the right and on the left of the location-line, as viewed from the initial post, not exceeding in the aggregate a width of thirteen hundred and twenty feet, thus: ' Direction of Final Post, feet of this claim lie on the right and feet on the left of the location-line.' In addition to the foregoing, where there is a change of direction in the location-line as marked on the ground, the number ' 1 ' shall be written on the initial post; the number ' 2 ' shall be written on the intermediate post; and the number ' 3 ' shall be written on the final post. There also shall be affixed to the initial post a notice to the following effect, namely: ' Application will be made under the " Placer-mining Act " for a lease of the ground within this location.' " (3.) The location-line shall at the time of location be marked between the legal posts throughout its length so that it can be distinctly seen; in a timbered locality, by blazing trees and cutting underbrush, and in a locality where there is neither timber nor underbrush, by placing legal posts or monuments of earth or stones not less than two feet high and not less than two feet in diameter at the base, so that the location-line can be distinctly seen. "(4.) Where, from the nature or shape of the surface of the ground, it is impracticable to mark the location-line of a leasehold as provided by this section, the leasehold may be located by placing legal posts as witness-posts, as near as possible to the location-line, and writing on each witness-post the distance and compass-bearing of some designated point on the location- line from the witness-post; and the distances and compass-bearing so written on the witness- posts shall be set out in the application for the lease and in any lease granted thereon. THE MINING INDUSTRY. A 37 "(5.) The locator shall, within thirty days after the date of the location, post a notice in Form 1 in the office of the Mining Recorder, which notice shall set out:— "(a.) The name of the intending applicant or each applicant if more than one, and the numbers of their free miners' certificates: "(6.) The date of the location: "(c.) The number of feet lying to the right and left of the location-line, and the approximate area or size of the ground. The words written on the initial post and final post shall be set out in full in the notice; and as accurate a description as possible of the ground to foe acquired shall be given, having special reference to any prior locations it may join, and the general locality of the ground to be acquired. Examples of Various Methods of laying out Placer Leaseholds. Showing Areas secured with Location-lines of Various Lengths. 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