408 REPORT—1901. insufficient to induce tbem to perfect the processes necessary for making them accurately interchangeable. In short, the British Association screw gauge of 1884 was of too complicated a form to allow of its accurate realisation except at a cost which has proved prohibitive. That very accurate gauges with rounded threads can be produced is not disputed, but the difficulty of doing so for small screws is very great. The names of three firms in America and of one in Germany have been proposed to the Committee as being competent, and probably/willing, to undertake the production of gauges and tools of the rounded tMread. The Birmingham Small Arms Company, who produce interchangeable work on a very large scale, and to a high degree of perfection, use only round- topped screws, fitting all over, for bicycle work; and/Mr. Clements exhibited gauges used by that firm illustrating his paper read before the Section at Bradford. This firm does not produce these gauges for sale. The American firm of Pratt & Whitney have manufactured a large number of sets of gauges and screwing tools for the English Government, but declined to submit these to the Committee on/he ground that they were not sufficiently accurate to satisfy us. After long delay they submitted to us three specimens, which were/reported upon by this ""Committee at the Dover meeting. Though the best we had seen, they were distinctly inferior to the screws used ivL the ordinary micrometers purchasable in tool shops, which have threads of the character which this Committee has recommended for adoption. While the round thread is only produced satisfactorily by a very few firms, who have made a special study of tnis class of work, the Committee believe that the form of thread they have proposed can be made in any fairly equipped tool room; and/that this facility in producing or obtaining the necessary appliances/must very greatly encourage the maintenance of an accurate standara in small screws, to promote which has been the object in the view ofahe Committee. If, on the other hand, these tools and gauges are very special, and perhaps costly, appliances, obtained only by the refined/processes of certain factories, their use in workshops will extend slowly. The Committee aim at putting the matter on such a footing that the common everyday appliances in the hands of workmen shall be of a good order of accuracy, and this is only possible if they are produced easily and cheaply. It is not suggested/ by the Committee that the form of thread recommended is the best for all purposes and for all sizes of screws, and they have expressly excluded sizes of screws below No. 11 British Association gauge, which are produced by pressure and not by cutting. Their recommendation applies only to the screws used in instrument making and similar trades for assembling parts, of which screws a large proportion—perhaps 95 per cent.—are of brass. Considerations affecting the use of screws for other purposes have been put before the Committee, especially byJKlr. Clements in the case of bicycle and gun screws, and by Mr. Taylor In the case of lens screws. These have thrown suggestive light on thjrquestion before the Committee, and will be closely considered by them preappointed. Since/the last report the Committee's proposals have attracted much attention, but no sets of gauges or tools of the new thread have been submitted to them, and so far their recommendation has had no practical result. They are informed, however, that one firm of manufacturers in England is occupied in producing tools and gauges for their own use, and ON THE SMALL SCREW GAUGE. 409 if they succeed in producing them of satisfactory accuracy will submit them to the Committee. Mr. .0. P. Clements, the author of a paper on screw threads used in bicycles, read before the Section at Bradford, has been elected to the Committee. Mr. W. Taylor, who has taken a leading part in ^^standardisation of the screws of photographic lenses, and has been in communication with the Committee, has also been elected a member^/" Dr. R. T. Glazebrook has been elected a m-ernber of the Committee. Correspondence has passed between the^Jommittee and Dr. R. T. Glaze- brook, the Director of the National Efeysical Laboratory, respecting the examination of screw gauges, and tjare following arrangements have been made:— The National Physical L^ooratory will undertake to examine and to report upon gauges of the British Association submitted to them. The Committee hava^pplied the grant of 45?. made to them at Bradford to the purchase of apparatus for the examination of gauges by the National Physical Laboratopy^ and have appointed Mr. C. V. Boys, Lieut.-Colonel Crompton, Dr.^Kf T. Glazebrook, Mr. W. A. Price, and Colonel Watkin to be a subcommittee for the expenditure of the grant. The Committee are of oromon that the previous grant of 45?., made in 1900, will be insufficient to purchase the necessary apparatus, and recommend their reappointment, with a grant of 45Z. Ethnological Survey of Canada.—Report cf the Committee, consisting of Professor D. P. Penhallow {Chairman), the late Dr. George M. Dawson (Secretary), Mr. B. W. Brabrook, Professor A. C. Haddon, Mr. E. S. Hartland, Sir J. G. Bourinot, Mr. B. Sulte, Mr. C. Hill-Tout, Mr. David Boyle, Mr. C. N. Bell, Professor E. B. Tylor, Professor J. Mavor, Mr. C. F. Hunter, and Dr. W. P. Ganong. Tx recording the work of the past year we are called upon to notice the very sudden decease of Dr. G. M. Dawson, which occurred at Ottawa on March 2, 1901, as the result of bronchitis. Dr. Dawson had been identified with the work of this Committee from the time of its organisation, and he served at first as its Chairman, and later as its Secretary, ■which position lie held at the time of his death. His well known ethnological studies in connection with the Indians of the Pacific coast and the keen practical interest which he constantly manifested in the prosecution of such work gave special weight to his connection with this Committee the object of which commanded his warmest sympathy and his deepest interest; and we are keenly sensible of the great loss we have sustained in the removal of one whose broad interest in the progress of scientific research, and whose intelligent appreciation of the many difficult problems connected with the prosecution of ethnological work in a country where the conditions are changing so rapidly, gave him exceptional qualifications for the guidance of our work and imparted to those especially engaged in collecting data a never-failing stimulus and enthusiasm. Renewed negotiations with certain of the provincial Governments have been opened during the year with a view to having the work of this fOmmittee placed upon a more permanent basis, and it is hoped that vourable results may appear before our next annual report is made. 410 REPORT—1901. Dr. Ganong has undertaken the organisation of systematic work in New Brunswick, with special reference to the remnants of Indian tribes in that section of the country, and a somewhat definite statement of progress in this direction may be anticipated for the next report. The anthropometric work of the Committee has been in progress for the last three years, and material is steadily accumulating which will ultimately be placed in competent hands for final analysis. Mr. Leon Germ, whose very acceptable work upon the Indians of Lorette was reported upon last year, has continued his studies with reference to the Iroquois of Caughnawaga; but the material is not sufficiently advanced to make it available for the purposes of the present report. Mr. A. F. Hunter has shown continuous activity in the ethnology of Ontario. He has published in the ' Archaeological Report of Ontario for 1900 his third contribution to the bibliography of Ontario archaeology. In volume iii. of the c Ontario Historical Society ' he has also published an article on * The Ethnographical Elements of Ontario/ This paper was prepared in the line of the investigations of this Committee, and, as in the case of the contributions by Mr. Suite, it will serve as an important basis for further investigations. Its importance and the fact that the place of first publication would secure only a limited circulation made it desirable that a certain number of extra copies should be secured by the Committee for use in its special work. These are now available, and a copy is transmitted herewith. Mr. Hill-Tout has continued his studies of the Salish tribes of British Columbia. His report for this year deals chiefly with the Halkome'lem tribes of the Lower Fraser. The evidence, both from his archaeological investigations and from his linguistic studies, leads him to conclude that these tribes are comparatively late comers in their present territory, and that the original undivided home of the Salish stock was not on the shores and bays or tidal rivers of this coast, each tribe or division having separate and distinct names for the various kinds of fish and other marine products, which could not conceivably have been the case had they lived together here, since fish formed the principal portion of their food from time immemorial, as their midden-heaps testify. Their stories and myths accounting for the origin or presence of the salmon and other forms of marine life in these waters are also widely dissimilar, plainly showing that they have been independently evolved since the separation of the tribe into its present divisions. Another important result has been reached by a comparative study of the philosophy and social customs of the Salish tribes. It has been found that their beliefs and customs furnish us with the steps by which the peculiar totemism of the northern tribes of this coast is reached. It is seen to be the natural outgrowth and development of an earlier fetishism, the different cultural planes of the Salish presenting very clearly the intermediate steps by which the former gave rise to the latter. The linguistic part of the report, to which the author Has devoted much time and study, forms a valuable addition to our knowledge of the Salish tongue. It presents a comprehensive exposition of the grammatical structure of two important dialects of this family, to which are added examples of native text and extensive glossaries of Kwa'nthen and TeiTqeuk terms. The Committee desire to be reappointed, with a grant of 30£, in addition to the balance of $46.15 in hand. The Committee recommend OX NATURAL HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF MALAY PENINSULA. 41.1 that Mr. C. Hill-Tout, of Abbotsford, British Columbia, be appointed Secretary, and the Rev. John Campbell, of Montreal, a member of the Committee. sSjitural History and Ethnography of the Malay Peninsula.—Second \ Report of the Committee, consisting of Mr. 0. H. Read (Chair- \nan), Mr. W. Crooke (Secretary), Professor A. Macalister, and jRrofessor W. RlDGEWAY. The Committee have received the following report from Mr. W. W. Skeat, tfte leader of the expedition in continuation of the report presented last year :V- Second Report on Cambridge Exploring Expedition to the Malay Provinces V* Lower Siam. Drawn up by W. W. Skeat. In continuation of my report of last year (in which the route taken by the Malay States Expedition was described) I have the honour to forward a report descriptive o\ the ethnographical material collected in so far as it is possible for me to do so under existing conditions. I propose also, for^convenience, sake, to preface the ethnographical part of the report with \ few general remarks on the collections made in the other departments of science which were represented on the staff of the expedition. Afotes on Zoology. Zoology.—An extensive collection of Vertebrates was made, but this group has been, comparatively speaking, so well worked that the interest of the collection is more likely rq consist in extending the range of species already known than in the Viaking of new or startling additions to our existing information about the Peninsula. About three or four new species have, however, already beeW reported. A few of the most interesting points^about the entire collection, from a zoological point of view, are :—- 1. The discovery of the first two species of Peripatus found in the Malay Peninsula. About thirteen specimens of Peripatus (comprising two species) were collected by members of the expedition. The first species was first collected on Bukit BesV (3,000 ft.), in Patani, by Mr. R. Evans, and the second some time later nyr Mr. F. F. Laidlaw at Kuala Aring, in Kelantan, both localities being in tfee East Coast States. A third species was collected some months afterwards (and independently of the expedition) by Mr. Butler in the West Coast State of Selangor. All three species are included by Mr. Evans in a new gentjii which he has called * Eoperipatus.'l A point of great interest (Mr. Evans tells me) is that iii the earlier stages of development (e.g., in the size and structure of oVuni) they resemble the Australian forms, but at a later period (e.g., in the size of embryo at birth), they more nearly approximate to the American, forms, to which anatomically they also bear so strong a resemblance that they have been included in the same sub-family (of Peripatidae). Mr. Byans 1 Quart. J. Micr. Sc.t vol. xliv., Pt. IV. n.s.