THE IMPACT OF TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT AS A H E A L T H CARE AIDE ON IMMIGRANTS' LIVES by Fung Ping Wong B.A., University of Toronto, 1987 B.Ed., University of Toronto, 1989 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Language Education) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA November 1998 © Fung Ping Wong, 1998 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, 1 agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. 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They are doing a research study with this year's Resident Care/Home Support Attendant Program here at Immigrant Settlement Agency. They have been interviewing students and staff, including myself. They are interested in the experiences of students who are immigrants, and who take health care training in Canada. The research team would like to ask you to take part in their study because you are a graduate of the program. They would like to interview you about your experiences before your training program, during your program, and after you graduated. The interview with you would be at a time and place that is convenient for you. It would take one to two hours. Ping Wong will be calling you to ask if you would be willing to be interviewed. You are not required to do this. If you do volunteer to be interviewed, you can always change your mind at any time. Also, your name will not be used in reports, or any information you feel is too private. If you need any other information, please call me at You can also call the research team leader, Dr. Patricia Duff, at UBC She would be happy to answer any questions about the study. I hope all is well with you and your family, and that you have a great New Year! Kind Regards, Janet Project Manager Resident Care/Home Support Program 150 Appendix 3: Interview Schedule for graduates of the ISA Resident Care/Home Support Attendant Training Program Background Information 1. Could you tell me a bit about yourself? For example, where you are from, what you did (work? school? domestic responsibilities?) before you came to Canada. 2. How long have you been in Canada? 3. What did you do before you took the course at ISA? Why did you decide to take this particular course? 4. What have you been doing since you finished the program? Impact of Program on Life and Self 1. Is your life different now than your life before you took the course? • Could you tell me about some changes in your life when you compare the time before taking the course and after taking it? (outside the home, at home) 2. Did the program change your English skills? • Has that changed your interactions (contact) with English-speaking Canadians? • Do you have more contact? Do you do things or go places that you didn't do (or go) before? 3. Has it changed the things you do or how you do things at home? 4. Has the program changed your confidence or independence? 5. What about opportunities you have now compared to before the program? 6. Are the changes in your life what you had expected before you joined the program? ... next page 151 Appendix 3 continued Work as a Care Aide 1. What kind of things do (or did) you do in your work? 2. What do you find the most rewarding? What do you like best about your work? 3. What do you find the most challenging? What do you like least? 4. Has doing this kind of job affected your life at home? outside the home? • Does it affect what you do or how you do things? Follow up questions 1. What did you find most helpful about the program? 2. How could the program have helped you better? 3. Is there any advice you would give to someone who is thinking about joining a program like the one you took? 4. What are your plans for the future? What would you like to be doing in five years? 5. Are you planning to take any more courses? 6. Did you take any other courses after you finished the ISA program? 7. Is there anything else you would like to talk about or do you have any questions you would like to ask me? 152 Appendix 4: Informed Consent (original on UBC, Department of Language Education letterhead) I N F O R M E D C O N S E N T B A C K G R O U N D I N F O R M A T I O N Title of Study: "Socializing Language and Sociocultural Identity from the Margins: A Study of Immigrant Women Learning English as a Second Language for the Health Professions" Principal Researcher Dr. Patsy A. Duff, Department of Language Education University of British Columbia Phone: ~ Fax: Email: pduff@ Co-investigators Dr. Margaret Early, Dept. of Language Education, U B C , Phone: Fax: Ping Wong, U B C and ISA. Contact through ISA at Purpose The issues facing immigrants who seek to improve their employment and language skills are very complex, and this is reflected in the wide range of programs that are developed to serve them. We are particularly interested in programs developed for women who speak English as a second language and who wish to work in health/caring professions, such as programs for institutional long-term care aides. We are interested in the programs and also in the people involved. Specifically, we would like to know more about the experiences of students (immigrant women, in particular) enrolled in the programs: why they are there, what their previous work and life experiences have been, why they have chosen this profession, and how they change as a result of their ongoing experiences learning ESL, learning about healthcare, and undergoing practical training in healthcare. Procedures We would like to interview former participants in the program on one occasion, and possibly follow-up on the interview if necessary. The individual interviews will be scheduled at mutually convenient times and locations. Participation or Non-participation Although we would like to speak with as many people involved in the ESL/healthcare program(s) as possible, we respect your right NOT to participate in this research project. Participants are free to withdraw from the research project at any time without any problem. Participation in this project is completely separate from job or course requirements and assessment. Consent Form, page 1 of 4 153 Appendix 4: Informed Consent (original on UBC, Department of Language Education letterhead) Confidentiality The names of any people or research sites involved in this project will be kept confidential. That means the identities will be disguised and kept confidential through the use of pseudonyms in all reports. If audiotapes of the interviews are made, they will be used for research and educational purposes only. Al l confidential information will be stored in a locked filing cabinet in the Principal Investigator's office at U B C . Payment/Benefit to Participants Unfortunately, we are unable to pay you for participation in this research project. However, participation could be beneficial by increasing your understanding of the program, its participants, and your role in it. It will give former students opportunities to speak with others who are E S L specialists about their experiences before entering the program, and their experiences during and after the program as well. This opportunity to reflect on their lives and careers can be validating and informative. For people who have interviews with us, we will offer a department store gift certificate (worth $20). Time Requirements Participation in this project will require approximately 1 hour. There may also be the possibility of brief follow-up interviews of less than 30 minutes. Contact If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact the Principal Investigator, Dr. Patricia Duff at the following telephone number: You may also contact Dr. Margaret Early at , or Ping Wong, through ISA at If you have any concerns about your treatment or rights as a participant in this study, you may contact the Director of Research Services at the University of British Columbia, Dr. Richard Spratley, at Consent Please indicate your consent or refusal to participate in this study by completing the attached forms. Please keep this description of the study (page 1-2) for your own records, and one signed copy of the consent form (p. 3) for your own records. Please return the other copy of the consent form (p. 4) to the researchers. Consent Form, page 2 of 4 154 Appendix 4: Informed Consent (original on UBC, Department of Language Education letterhead) STATEMENT OF INFORMED CONSENT Title of Study: "Socializing Language and Sociocultural Identity from the Margins: A Study of Immigrant Women Learning English as a Second Language for the Health Professions" If you would be willing to participate in this study, please fill in the information below. Be sure to keep a signed copy of page 3 for your own records, and pages 1-2. Please sign your name here to show that you have received pages 1-3. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Please sign below if you consent to participate in the project outlined on pages 1-2. Name (please print): Signature: Date: Phone number: . Witness: Date: Date: PLEASE KEEP THIS COPY FOR YOUR RECORDS. Thank you very much for your time and consideration! Consent Form, page 3 of 4 155 Appendix 4: Informed Consent (original on UBC, Department of Language Education letterhead) S T A T E M E N T O F I N F O R M E D C O N S E N T Title of Study: "Socializing Language and Sociocultural Identity from the Margins: A Study of Immigrant Women Learning English as a Second Language for the Health Professions" If you would be willing to participate in this study, please fill in the information below. Be sure to keep a signed copy of page 3 for your own records, and pages 1-2. Please sign your name here to show that you have received pages 1-3. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Please sign below if you consent to participate in the project outlined on pages 1-2. Name (please print): Signature: __ Date: Phone number: Witness: Date: Date: P L E A S E R E T U R N THIS C O P Y T O T H E R E S E A R C H E R S . Thank you very much for your time and consideration! Consent Form, page 4 of 4 156 Appendix 5: Context of Interviews Participant Place Date and time Length of interview and other information 1. Anna telephone April 20, 1998 morning • about 60 minutes • Anna was very open and seemed comfortable talking to me 2. Yin telephone April 20, 1998 afternoon • about 30 minutes • I thought that Yin was a bit hesitant to talk about her experiences, especially concerning anything negative • as the interview progressed, Yin seemed to be more relaxed • think she may have been a bit tired as she was working midnight shifts and studying part-time 3. Magda telephone April 20, 1998 evening • about 35-40 minutes • Magda was very open about her experiences • at times I had to repeat as she could not hear my question • she had to interrupt the interview twice to talk to her son briefly 4. Sofia in-person ISA classroom April 22, 1998 morning • about 40 minutes • Sofia was very pleasant, a bit self-conscious about her English skills • was very direct and open 157 Appendix 5 continued Participant Place Date and time Length of interview and other information 5. Alberto in-person ISA classroom April 22, 1998 morning • about 40 minutes • Alberto had come on his day off and brought his family, wife and two young children with him • they waited in the car during the interview e Alberto seemed quite comfortable talking about his experiences and self-confident 6. Karen telephone April 23, 1998 morning • about 40 minutes • Karen was open and forthcoming about her opinions and experiences 0 very high English ability; had no difficulties expressing herself 7. Rita in-person ISA classroom April 23, 1998 afternoon • about 40 minutes • Rita was very well-dressed and composed • soft-spoken and seemed a bit cautious when answering questions 158 Appendix 5 continued Participant Place Date and time Length of interview and other information 8. Karina in-person in her home April 24, 1998 morning • about 75 minutes • Karina seemed quite at ease • we were alone for the most part as her husband took the children to another room • the interview was very relaxed • Karina seemed to enjoy talking • after the interview, she asked to hear her voice on tape 9. Fatima in-person ISA April 28, 1998 afternoon • about 35-40 minutes • of all the interviews, this one was the most challenging to conduct as her 4-year-old son was in the room and often tried to get her attention • the interview was interrupted a number of times • Fatima also seemed a bit tired; she had just come from her volunteer job • at the end of the interview, I let her son record his voice so that he could hear himself; he enjoyed that 159