'DOING CO-OP': STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF LEARNING AND WORK by Garnet Grosjean B . S c , The University of British Columbia, 1975 M . A . , The University o f British Columbia, 1995 A THESIS S U B M I T T E D I N P A R T I A L F U L F I L M E N T OF T H E R E Q U I R E M E N T S F O R T H E D E G R E E OF D O C T O R OF P H I L O S O P H Y in T H E F A C U L T Y OF G R A D U A T E S T U D I E S (Department of Educational Studies) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard T H E U N I V E R S I T Y OF B R I T I S H C O L U M B I A N O V E M B E R 2000 © Garnet Grosjean, 2000 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Educational Studies, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Date : Humanities and Social Science Federation of Canada. Hamilton, S. F., & Hamilton, M . A. (1997). When is learning work-based? Phi Delta Kappan. 78(9). 676-681. Handy, C. (1984). The future of work. Oxford: Blackwell. Harris, R. S. (1976). A history of higher education in Canada 1663-1960. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Hatch, T., & Gardner H. (1993). Finding cognition in the classroom: An expanded view of human intelligence. In G. Saloman (Ed.), Distributed Cognitions. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. Hatsopoulos, N . G., & Hatsopoulos, G. N. (1999). The role of tacit knowledge in management. In R. J. Sternberg & J. A. Horvath (Eds.), Tacit knowledge in Professional Practice (pp. 141-152). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hays, J. M . 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Thousand Oaks CA: Sage. 278 Appendix A: Co-op Programs at the University Of Victoria 1 o C3 a es a « u W) O la CM a o • o U .2 ' E o O S-'a 73 a a a < Total | CO o Ol CM m 1463| 30971 1802| 36581 CM CO o CO co 59011 21011 1236| m 00 T— r>-cn cn 10551 CO o CM 1312| 14691 CO 00 CM CO cn OO 27458| 98/99 | CM in co cn o o CM CO o CO CM oo CM o co at co CO cn o CD CD CO CO m 00 cn o * o 27821 27458 97/98 | CM CM 00 00 co oo in CO CD CM CO m CM CM 00 co CO co cn o CM 00 CM 00 m CO m m o r— CO m 29351 24676 96/97 j CO o CO 00 o m CO m O O .— CO •<* 00 CO CO CO cn in O CM o CO CM 00 CO o OO in CO o CM CM m cn 28041 21741 95/96 | m ,— 00 CD CM CD w ro O r- f-CO CM 00 CM o in in CO O CM cn CO CM CO CO CD CM cn h- CD CM •«r in 24741 18937 94/95 00 00 CM 00 CO •sr o co cn CO CM cn CO o CO m w o CM CO o m CO s 00 o CM w 23351 16463| 93/94 o CO in CO CO h-00 CO o CM cn CO 00 CO cn cn o in cn CM CO CO CM cn CM cn o 20621 14128| 92/93 | in 00 m CO CO CM O) CO at CO CM r» o at CD m 00 • * S - S Began | i^ -00 O) cn 00 o «r 00 cn o cn cn r -o o cn cn 00 cn co cn cn co 00 cn m cn cn CO 00 cn 00 cn CO 00 cn co 00 cn OO cn T— 00 cn CO OO cn co 00 r~-CO in cn cn cn cn 00 co Coop program | Arts | Biochem/Micro | Biology I Business Chemistry | Coaching | Comp. Sci/Math | Earth & Ocean Sc| Economics (Ungr^ Economics (Grad)| Engineering Geography | Health Info. Sci, | Kinesiology | Law | Leisure Studies **| MBA | Physics | Public Admin. | Sociology I Special Grads. Writing | Annual Totals | Grand Totals CO e E 8 < Q. H o E •c co m ° •§ >• £ f ^ ra co o> 0. u co E Q. £ >. 0) sz 3 a-O Q o o o ® 3 53 E c? _ 8 -a | 4 - | » •g c ~ jo o CO CD C 111 E 8 o 8 Ml i 2 a. ? o 8 £ LU OO C N CD E E 3 w Si r E E E ; £ • 3 co |P 8> c I O Z w < o I-o > co ce LU > z 3 E o . s 8 CO CM t o 2 8 : I*-8 tO i CO • IS s 3 S CM CO ' CM CD IN o> t o IN t o 8 S CM CD s O h .CM i t o CM H *> i mi Si 8 8 18 CO I CM I t o co CO i co co 9 tO l CM l s co •8 0> , Is! o CM Is 3 9 S 8 8 CO 1 3 2 W 8 t o ! CM CM CO 8 8 8 8 to CM 8 CO , CM CO 8 CO 8 t o CM O CM 8 8 8 8 8 8 co CO 3 8 § 8 8 CM I8|8 8 8 8 91. M co . 8 8 o CO 5 CO co 8 CO t o - 8 co •8 CO 9 8 9 8 8 •IS 8 CO co co t o o co o M ISI 8 col*-x § CO T3 ~ O CO TJ 5 o>.v E 3 O TJ CO m ft* So ^ CO fA ^ ft) 3 O I S 5 8 < < < m m m c a u o o BJ TJ o> 2 i i £ £ nS ra 1 1 <3 0 CO CO CL cL E E o o o o CO t-3 O co co To T ? co 2 3 O oS o9 -C JC to n HI UJ E E o o c c 8 8 UJ LU u o ^ _ c o t— t - co _ _ I i CT) O) - ^ • ^ = •§ £ £ -t 5P 0) 0) 2 2 3 8 8 8 5: CO c v « <» c 2 UJ UJ O CD I * o TJ 3 CO p 81 1 1 1 ! 11111 .C O C U> 3 Q. 0. 0. 0. 0. TJ CO TJ m CO 3°. >«(5 en o o c c§ w § • _ •c o CL PI CC o > t l f l ICO i ! 2 | I E CO I CL Q_ ? o o y > 3 o co & TJ C < co Q. 0) Appendix B: Administrative Structure of the University of Victoria 282 Appendix C: Student Survey Questionnaire T h e U n i v e r s i t y S t u d e n t a n d t h e L a b o u r M a r k e t Thank you for agreeing to participate in this study. Your responses to this questionnaire will help us learn more about the connection between universities and the labour market in a changing society. This questionnaire should take about 15 minutes to complete. You will be asked about your educational experience. You will also be asked for some demographic information (age, gender, and ethnicity). Please read the instructions for each question carefully and indicate your response by checking the appropriate box or writing your response in the spaces provided. Please ensure written responses are easy to read. This is a voluntary but important part of the study. All the information you provide in this questionnaire is strictly confidential. Anonymity will be protected by using code numbers when reporting results. Only the researcher and supervisor will have access to the information from this questionnaire, and individual responses will not be disclosed or released to others for any purpose. Please be assured that responses will not affect your progress at The University of Victoria in any way. You have the right to refuse to participate in this study without consequences. It is assumed that completion of this questionnaire indicates that consent to participate has been given. Please complete all sections Garnet Grosjean (Researcher) University of British Columbia Telephone (604) 822-4553 Dr. Kjell Rubenson (Supervisor) University of British Columbia Telephone (604) 822-4406 285 Questionnaire The questionnaire is divided into five parts. Part A (first six questions) covers background information. Part B (questions seven to thirteen) asks for information on your reasons for enrolling at the University of Victoria. Part C (questions thirteen and fourteen) asks about your satisfaction with courses and to what extent they provide skill development, knowledge and career opportunities. Part D contains one question for non-co-op students (question fifteen). The following three questions in part D (questions sixteen, seventeen, and eighteen) are for co-op students only and request information on their satisfaction with the co-op program. Part E (questions nineteen to twenty-two) asks about your plans for the future. P A R T A 1). Are you? Ql Female • Male 2). What is your age? Q Less than 18 years • 18 to 20 years • 21 to 22 years • 23 to 25 years • Over 25 years 3). How many years have you lived in Canada? Q less than 1 year Q 1 through 5 years • 6 through 10 years Q 11 through 20 years • all my life 4). Please indicate the response that best describes you I am a Canadian citizen Q I hold dual citizenship C anadian and I am not a Canadian citizen My status is 5). Every person has a different background in terms of family origin, culture, nationality and beliefs. In addition, each person may have their own sense of who they are. Please indicate the cultural group to which you feel you belong. English Q Italian • Hindu • Filipino Q Chinese CD German French O Vietnamese Sikh Q Latin American Q Ukrainian Q Japanese Q Jewish Q Native Indian Q Other O (please list in the space below) 286 6) Socio-Economic Status of Parents/Guardians. It would be helpful to get some information about the job(s) usually held by your parent(s), guardian(s). Please choose a category that best describes the usual job of either Father/Guardian or Mother/Guardian or both. If none of the following are appropriate please describe their job in the "other" category. Father/ Mother/ Guardian Guardian ARMED FORCES LEGISLATORS, SENIOR OFFICIALS & MANAGERS PROFESSIONALS TECHNICIANS CLERKS SERVICE WORKERS and SHOP & MARKET SALES WORKERS SKILLED AGRICULTURAL and FISHERY WORKERS CRAFT and RELATED TRADES WORKERS PLANT and MACHINE OPERATORS and ASSEMBLERS MANUAL WORKERS NEVER EMPLOYED DON'T KNOW SELF-EMPLOYED (please describe the type of self-employment) OTHER (please describe) 287 P A R T B 7) Reasons for Enrolling Please indicate how important each of the following reasons were in your decision to enroll in this university program: (Check one box for each line) Not at all Not Very Somewhat Very Important Important Important Important a) general self-improvement Q b) wanted in-depth knowledge of a field of study Q c) improve chances of a good income after graduation Q d) acquisition of job skills Q e) to gain a broad, liberal education Q f) to find out what I enjoy doing Q • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8) Did you work between high school and entry to university? Yes (if you answered no to this question so directly to question 11) N o Q 9) How many employers did you have between high school and enrollment in your current programt None • One • Two Q Three Q More than three Q 10) Indicate to what extent this work was: Not at Al l a) related to your current field of study or program Q b) necessary to pay tuition for university Q c) an opportunity to gain some work experience Q d) simply to provide money to travel, or for a vacation Q Not Very To Some To A Great Much Extent Extent • • • • • • • • • • • • 11) Did you move to Victoria specifically to attend UVic? If you answered "yes" where did you move from? Yes • No • 12) Did you enroll at the University of Victoria to participate in a co-op program? Yes If you answered "yes" which program? 288 P A R T C 13) Satisfaction with Delivery of Courses in Your Current Program of Study Please indicate your level of satisfaction with each of the following: Very Somewhat Somewhat Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Satisfied a) course availability • • • • b) access to instructors (outside of class time) • • • • c) institutional facilities (library, labs, computers) • • • • d) class size • • • • e) quality of teaching • • • • 14) Provision of Skills, Knowledge or Opportunities Please indicate to what extent your program provides A) Skills Development i) independent thinking skills ii) decision making skills iii) good writing skills iv) good speaking skills v) team-work skills vi) leadership skills vii) development of specific job skills B) Knowledge i) for general self-improvement ii) in-depth knowledge of a field of study iii) information on jobs in the field C) Opportunities i) an opportunity to meet potential employers ii) improved chances of a good income iii) up to date information on the labour market Not at Not Very To Some To A Great Al l Much Extent Extent • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Not at Not Very To Some To A Great A l l Much Extent Extent • • • • • • • • • • • • Not at Not Very To Some To A Great Al l Much Extent Extent • • • • • • • • • • • • 289 P A R T D [The following question is for non-co-op students only] 15) Choice of Undergraduate Program In which academic program are you enrolled?_ a) What year are you in? First Q Second Q Third Q Fourth Q Other_ b) Have you had part-time employment while attending university? Yes Q No Q c) Have you had summer employment while attending university? Yes Q No Q d) Was any of this work related to your field of study? Yes Q No Q The next three questions are for CO-op students only [all others please go to next page] 16 a) Which co-op program are you in? Business • Chemistry • Engineering • Geography • Other • please name b) What year are you in? First Second Third Fourth Other_ 17) How satisfied are you with the integration of coursework and co-op work experience? Very Somewhat Somewhat Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Satisfied • • • • 18) Satisfaction with Co-op Work-Term (students who have completed at least one work-term) Please indicate your satisfaction with the work-term component of your co-op program a) preparation for work-term b) assignment of work-term employers c) relevance of work-term employment d) supervision during work-term e) opportunity to learn on-the-job f) opportunity to develop new skills g) rate of pay for employment during work term h) integration of work experience with coursework Very Somewhat Somewhat Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Satisfied • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 290 P A R T E 19) Future Plans Please indicate what you plan to do when you graduate from your program a) I plan to find a job in my field of study Yes.Q No Q b) I plan to pursue a graduate education Yes CD No Q c) I have not made any plans Yes Q No O Please name the job or career you are aiming for 20) How difficult do you anticipate it will be to get a job in your field of study after graduation? Not at all Not Very Moderately Very Difficult Difficult Difficult Difficult • • • • 21) Retrospective Choice If you had the opportunity to start your program over again, would you choose Yes No a) the same university Q Q b) the same field of study Q Q c) the same program Q Q 22) Final Comments. In your view how can universities best prepare students for success in the labour market? 291 Appendix D: Tables of Results -O '8 e • p« u e e s t/5 -§.«> O) c o CD o e> O) * C * CM CO —-. £ 11 C LU CO CM E c JC O ^ * 00 * C/> CO ' 0 0 11 m co O co CO CO 0 1 - T - O ) CO CO CO CO CO N - m co T - CM CM CO CO S T f -CD T - CO N C O C M C M C M C O T J -C O f T , CO CO CO CM CM CO LO o cn CM LO o O ) CM CO CO _). 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CO + E o — T J , CD s= 32 ^ CD CD c CO i*= •— CO h- h- CO x f i n M -T - CO 1 -O) O) 5 5 ° CO •o E O CO O CD w O I- Jj CO * * CO TJ o Q. E .9-"§ uuZZ^ CO o CD £ •o o CO CD CD B-CJ) o X ) CO o o o O -E o o V CL CO CM 8 II co« _i c £ 8 CL C 3 CO £ 0) CO c o o c •g I « o 3 o-O O II CD O c >, CO E CO o T J C CO 0) S o • co ii a> CD o. E co o co co CD i - co c o -o CO co „. Q> CI) c o) 9 P CL CL o-?cS 2 8o S CJ> o »-(0 "m CM C T J II 2 «>< • 1 2 " CN Appendix E: Interview Guides Guiding Questions for Administrator Interviews 1) Please tell me a little about your background and any involvement you have had with co-op (if response is no involvement with co-op, go to question # 4) 2) What do you think the greatest value of co-op education is to the university of Victoria? 2) Can you describe your relationship to the co-op program? With whom do you associate most closely? 4) Please tell me what you consider are the primary goals of the co-op programs at UVic. 5) What are co-op's greatest strengths? 6) Do you think co-op education has value for employers? Why? 7) Do you think co-op has value for students? (If yes, what do you think is the greatest value of co-op for students?) 8) Does the co-op program meet your expectations? 9) If there were one thing that you would like to see the co-op program accomplish, that it is not currently accomplishing, what would it be? Whose support would you have to obtain to make it happen? 298 Guiding Questions for Faculty Interviews 1) Please tell me a little about your background and any involvement you have had with co-op (if response is no involvement with co-op, go to question # 6) 2) Can you describe your relationship to the co-op program? With whom do you work most closely? 3) Why did you agree to participate in the co-op program? 4) Does the co-op program meet your expectations? 5) Please tell me what you consider are the primary goals of the co-op program 6) Do you think co-op has value for the university? (If yes, what do you think is the greatest value of co-op education to the university?) 7) What are co-op's greatest strengths? 8) Do you think co-op has value for employers? Why? 9) Do You think co-op has value for students? What do you think the greatest value of co-op education is to students? 10) If there were one thing that you would like to see this program accomplish, that it is not currently accomplishing, what would it be? Whose support would you have to obtain to make it happen? 299 Guiding Questions for Coordinator Interviews 1) Please tell me a little bit about your background and your involvement in co-op 2) Why did you become involved with the co-op program? 3) Does the co-op program meet your expectations? 4) Can you describe your relationship to the co-op program? With whom do you work most closely? 5) Please tell me what you consider are the primary goals of the co-op program 6) What do you think the greatest value of co-op education is to the university? 7) In your opinion, what are co-op's greatest strengths? What makes it successful? 8) What do you think the greatest value of co-op is to employers? 9) What do you think the greatest value of co-op is to students? 10) If there were one thing that you would like to see your co-op program accomplish, that it is not currently accomplishing, what would it be? Whose support would you have to obtain to make it happen? 300 Guiding Questions for Co-op Student Interviews During the interview I would like you to think through your time in the co-op program, and tell me in your own words about your experience. I'm interested in finding out why you enrolled in co-op, your experience of the program, both on the UVic campus and on your work terms, your thoughts on how the program might be improved, and finally your plans for the future. (Request agreement to proceed, and have interviewee sign an informed consent form) To start with, can you tell me what attracted you to the co-op program at UVic? How did you find out about co-op? What did you expect the program would do for you? What do you think formed these expectations? Does the co-op program live up to your expectations? Now, broadly speaking, what has your experience with the co-op program been? If we look closer at these experiences, how is the teaching in your program? What does learning mean to you? How do you see the work-term in light of this? Can you tell me a bit more about your experiences on work-terms? What are co-ops greatest strengths? How do you see the role of the co-op coordinator? Reflecting on your time in the program, what does co-op education mean to you? You have talked a lot about the program, and obviously thought a lot about it, if there was one thing you would like to see done to improve the program, what would that be? How could that be done? Whose responsibility do you think that is? What else can you think of? What are your plans for the future? Do you think your co-op experience will help you? How? Do you have any final thoughts or comments? 301