UBC Social Ecological Economic Development Studies (SEEDS) Student Report Evaluation of Energy Performance of UBC’s Residential Buildings Using Actual Data JI-YEON SHIN University of British Columbia CEEN 596 January 9, 2012 Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report”. CEEN 596 PROJECT Evaluation of Energy Performance of UBC’s Residential Buildings Using Actual Data PRESENTED BY JI-YEON SHIN M.ENG. CANDIDATE January 9, 2012 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It would not have been possible to finish this project without the support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to the UBC Campus Sustainability Office and the University Neighbourhood Association for their valuable suggestions, guidance and encouragement. Specifically, I wish to acknowledge Ms. Alison Aloisio, Ms. Brenda Sawada, and Mr. Kyle Reese of the UBC campus sustainability Office and Mr. Ralph Wells of the University Neighbourhood Association who helped me out a lot with their abilities despite of their busy schedules. They provided me feedback from the beginning of this project and put a great effort into trying to get energy consumption data by contacting strata councils of privately owned apartment buildings on campus and providing detailed data requests. My thanks and appreciations also go to Mr. Richard Hugli and Ms. Erin Kastner of UBC Utilities and Ms. Heidi Hunchak of UBC Records for providing energy consumption data and architectural drawings of Faculty and Staff Housing buildings. These have been the main sources for this project. Other people who deserve to be acknowledged include Mr. Dennis Nelson and Ms. Rachel Chuang at BC Hydro and Mr. Colton Aston at FortisBC for providing customized electricity and gas comparison data of ten anonymous addresses. 3 I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to Dr. Eric Mazzi for his guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information. He put so much effort into trying to contact UBC Utilities, BC Hydro, and FortisBC personnel regarding the project data and supported me in completing the project. I would also thank those who showed their interest in this study. I hope that the findings from this study can be a guide to students in the Clean Energy Program at UBC who are interested in studying building energy performance in the future. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Canadian residential sector consumes 20 per cent of Canada’s total secondary energy as shown in Figure 1 and there are many residential buildings that are currently being built on UBC campus. All the residential buildings on campus have to be constructed according to UBC’s own building rating system, the Residential Environmental Assessment Program (REAP), to ensure lower consumption of water, energy and other resources and higher-quality indoor environment than buildings that are built without any rating systems. However, REAP is applied during planning and construction phases and hence, it does not always guarantee lower energy consumption in the post-occupancy phase. This project was undertaken to assess the energy performance of UBC’s residential buildings using actual energy consumption data. The primary objective of this study is to analyze electricity and gas consumption of three of UBC’s Faculty and Staff Housing buildings. The main sources for this project are electricity and gas consumption data provided by UBC Utilities, building floor plans from UBC Infrastructure Development, and weather data. The average total energy intensity for the three buildings was found to be 165.4 kWh/m2/yr. For a more detailed break-down of energy analysis, individual suite metering for domestic hot water heating and gas fireplaces would be required. Figure 1. Canada’s Energy Consumption by Sector in 2008 (CBEEDAC, 2010) 5 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 9 1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 10 2 DATA SOURCES and METHODOLOGY ........................................................................... 15 2.1 PROCESSES for OBTAINING DATA .......................................................................... 15 2.2 DATA SOURCES ........................................................................................................ 16 2.3 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 18 2.3.1 DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE ......................................................................... 19 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................................... 20 3.1 ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS ....................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Energy Consumption of Azalea House ................................................................. 22 3.1.2 Energy Consumption of Sumac House and Cascara House................................. 26 3.1.3 Energy Used for Space Heating ........................................................................... 33 3.1.4 Energy Consumption Comparisons ...................................................................... 34 3.2 DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................. 36 3.2.1 Analyzed Data ...................................................................................................... 36 3.2.2 Potential Interventions to Reduce Consumption ................................................... 37 3.2.3 Potential Causes of Variations in Consumption .................................................... 40 3.2.4 Data Privacy ......................................................................................................... 42 3.2.5 Challenges in Energy Assessment ....................................................................... 45 4 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 46 5 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................... 47 6 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 49 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................. 52 APPENDIX B ............................................................................................................................. 72 6 List of Figures Figure 1. Canada’s Energy Consumption by Sector in 2008 (CBEEDAC, 2010) ......................... 4 Figure 2. Azalea House ............................................................................................................. 22 Figure 3. Monthly Electricity Consumption, Azalea House ......................................................... 23 Figure 4. Monthly Electricity Consumption per Heating Degree Days, Azalea House ................ 23 Figure 5. Sumac House ............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 6. Monthly Electricity Consumption, Sumac House ......................................................... 27 Figure 7. Monthly Electricity Consumption per Heating Degree Days, Sumac House ................ 28 Figure 8. Cascara House ........................................................................................................... 28 Figure 9. Monthly Electricity Consumption, Cascara House ...................................................... 29 Figure 10. Monthly Electricity Consumption per Heating Degree Days, Cascara House ............ 30 Figure 11. Common Area Electricity Consumption, Sumac House + Cascara House ................ 32 List of Tables Table 1. Building Descriptions ................................................................................................... 20 Table 2. Comparison of Total Electricity Consumption, Azalea House ....................................... 24 Table 3. Comparison of Total Electricity Consumption, Sumac House ...................................... 28 Table 4. Comparison of Total Electricity Consumption, Cascara House .................................... 30 Table 5. Energy Intensity ........................................................................................................... 35 7 1 INTRODUCTION According to BC’s Energy Plan, approximately 13 per cent of all the energy consumed in the province is for residential buildings, making them significant contributors to our carbon footprint. One way to respond to the increasing carbon footprint and energy demand is to make communities implement strategies for energy efficiency and conservation. These days, high quality housing is becoming synonymous with energy efficiency. With recent developments in energy efficiency technology, it has become possible to significantly reduce the energy consumption of buildings, decrease emissions to the environment and save money in the long-term. UBC is one of the 10 largest electricity consumers in BC and uses a significant amount of natural gas as well. UBC has been trying to reduce its energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by investing in energy management programs and being actively involved in energy management activities such as having a strong partnership with BC Hydro, thus committing to strategic energy conservation. UBC has tried to provide a lively, vital, sustainable and eco-friendly environment and community to its residents. Currently, UBC has developed U-Town by constructing residential buildings over two million square feet to accommodate students, faculty, staff and people who want to reside on campus and enjoy a community-oriented university life that is close to all activities. One way of providing ecological and environment-friendly housing to people was to establish UBC’s own building rating system, the Residential Environmental Assessment Program (REAP), to ensure a higher quality and 8 lower environmental impact than residential buildings built without a rating system or those built using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and or Built Green residential building rating systems. 1.1 OBJECTIVES The original purpose of the project was to evaluate the energy performance of UBC’s REAP (the Residential Environmental Assessment Program) certified buildings of more than six stories. Their energy performances were to be evaluated according to building energy use and other assessment categories in the REAP checklist. Then, the energy performances were to be compared among the buildings in the same REAP certification levels and between different levels, and factors that differentiate the performance levels of the buildings were to be studied. However, since many residential buildings on campus were low-rises (approximately 70% of all the residential buildings completed, that were found in the UBC Properties Trust website, including student rentals, Faculty and Staff rentals, market rentals, and market housing, are low-rises) and due to the absence of data which was the main reason, the objectives of the project had to be changed. The primary objective of this project was changed to report and discuss the use of electricity and natural gas by UBC’s three Faculty and Staff Housing buildings. More detailed secondary objectives are: 1) To describe processes involved in building energy assessment, 2) To describe requirements associated with obtaining data and effectively analyzing building energy use including data requirements, privacy issues, 9 processes for obtaining data, technical issues with sampling of the data, and challenges in building energy assessment, and 3) To discuss potential causes of variations in energy consumption and potential interventions to reduce energy use. 1.2 BACKGROUND In the mid 1980s, UBC Properties Trust was formed in order to develop UBC lands for residential development and since 1991, UBC has built 2,200 apartments and townhouses on campus. The building of new residences has continued actively. Hampton Place was established as the first multi-family residential neighbourhood on UBC campus. With the success of the project, generating $80 million of endowment principal, in the early 1990s, UBC Properties Trust developed Faculty and Staff Housing to accommodate an increasing number of faculty and staff and completed five projects in the Hawthorn Place Neighbourhood. The Faculty and Staff Housing buildings provide 269 rental units on campus under the direction of UBC Housing & Conferences who own and manage the housing. After the initial development, UBC Properties Trust leased an additional portion of land from UBC to further serve the growing need for Faculty and Staff Housing. The UBC Comprehensive Community Plan (CCP), which was adopted to provide guidance for campus development, required a minimum of 30% of the housing to be rental units and Phase I of Faculty and Staff Rental Housing was constructed in 2001 following this requirement. Phase I includes two buildings which are Azalea House and Sumac House located in Mid Campus, where the neighbourhood is now referred to as Hawthorn Place. Azalea House consists of 11 two and three bedroom townhomes of 10 two levels, and Sumac House has 42 units that are combinations of 18 two-level townhomes and 24 apartment units. Cascara House (Phase II) was completed in 2002, providing additional 36 apartment units. The UBC Faculty and Staff Housing buildings are available for rent on a yearly basis and are managed by Village Gate Homes, founded in 2002. All three buildings are located in the Hawthorn Place neighbourhood and have electric baseboards for space heating where the charges for electricity are the responsibility of the tenant. Natural gas for fireplaces and hot water heating is included in the rent. 1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW For this project, literature reviews have been conducted on similar project work in order to gain a better understanding of the methods used to analyze energy performance data and to compare the energy intensity results for this project to that of the others. Statistics Canada conducts the Survey of household Energy Use (SHEU) on behalf of the Office of Energy Efficiency of Natural Resources Canada. The data collected for the 2007 survey intended to represent 12.9 million households across Canada. However, the data was estimated from a sample of only about 10,000 households. Of the 12.9 million households, 1.74 million households were in British Columbia (approximately 1,200 sample dwellings in BC). The survey included single detached houses, double/row houses (duplexes), mobile homes, low-rise apartments, and high-rise apartments. In BC, approximately 20.2% of residential buildings are low-rise apartments and 7.7% of the total residential buildings across Canada were built between 2000 and 11 2007. Unfortunately, the construction date of the low-rise apartments in each province was not indicated. Hence, it was not known for sure exactly when these apartment buildings in BC were built. In BC, electricity (31.6%) and natural gas (48.9%) were the two main energy sources used for heating. The other sources included heating oil, wood and other types of sources. Energy intensity of the buildings was broken down by region and housing type within Canada. The average energy intensity of general households in BC found from the 2007 survey is 0.68 GJ/m2/yr (189 kWh/m2/yr). Apartment buildings of less than five storeys in Canada have an average energy intensity of 0.54 GJ/m2/yr (150 kWh/m2/yr). RDH Building Engineering’s 2009 study on energy consumption in residential buildings found that there was a significant difference in the energy consumption in the low-rise residential buildings depending on who paid the energy bills. When occupants were responsible for all their energy usage, the average energy intensity was 0.68 GJ/m2 (189 kWh/m2/yr) compared to 1.62 GJ/m2 (450 kWh/m2/yr) when occupants paid for at least one of the energy sources. According to RDH’s 2011 study on energy consumption in multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs), high-rise apartment buildings use more energy than low-rise apartment buildings. This is mainly due to more energy used in common areas. The study was based on 39 mid and high-rise residential buildings (34 in Metro Vancouver and five in Victoria) with five to 33 storeys that were built around 1990s. The average energy intensity for MURBs in Vancouver was 220 kWh/m2/yr and on average, 37% of the energy was used for space heating including ventilation, with 69% of the space heating 12 provided by gas burning equipment. The study was based on 39 mid and high-rise residential buildings that were built around 1990s. However, the study was conducted only on electrically heated apartments without data for natural gas and electricity used for common areas. The average area of SFDs (Single Family Dwellings) that were electrically heated within BC Hydro’s service territory was 2,266 ft2 with 19,530 kWh/yr of electricity used over a one year period from April 2009 to March 2010 whereas the average area of the high-rise condominiums that RDH studied was 1,117 ft2 with an average of 21,926 kWh/yr of electricity used. It should be noted that there might be some deficiencies in the data of the buildings used in the study since not all the energy sources were considered and not all buildings were studied. The suites in the low-rise apartment buildings were found to use about the same amount of electricity as those in the high-rise apartment buildings and the common areas in the low-rise apartment buildings used a lot less electricity. It should be noted that suites-to-commons ratio is uncertain due to the lack of data and uncertainty that buildings that were classified as low-rise apartments might include low houses and other types of buildings such as basement suites and units over stores. Another problem was that some buildings had a mix of apartments, rows and SFDs. RDH categorized the apartments into two different types according to the ownership: rentals that had a single building owner and all the suites were rented out and condominiums that had individual owners for each suite. When the apartments were classified according to their heating types, two types were identified, electrically heated and non-electrically heated. All high-rise apartment buildings in BC use natural gas for hot water heating and makeup air and of those buildings that were studied by RDH, 52% of the energy used in the buildings 13 came from natural gas. In addition, most of the energy was used for space heating followed by water heating. Energy use for common areas took up a significant 21%. RDH also studied the effects of some variables, such as apartment size, building, heating and ownership types, and building age, on building energy consumption. Since utility bills did not show suite square footage, it was not possible for RDH to find correlations between energy consumption and size of the suites. It was, however, assumed that larger sized apartment suites usually consumed more energy than smaller ones. According to RDH’s apartment buildings summary, each suite in high-rise apartments used an average of 4,575 kWh/yr with an average common area use of 3,734 kWh/yr per suite, giving a total of 8,309 kWh/yr per suite of energy consumption. Suites in low-rise apartments used 4,596 kWh/yr on an average with 2,014 kWh/yr of common area energy use per suite. This gives 6,610 kWh/yr of energy use allotted for each suite. RDH’s study shows that electrically heated high-rise rental suites used less electricity on average whereas common areas in high-rise buildings used more electricity on average than low-rise rentals. However, the average consumption calculation was based on sample buildings that were built from the 1970s to the 2000s and hence, more precise calculation and hence conclusions, would be needed for the evaluation of buildings that were built in the 2000s. The other factor that affects energy consumption includes location of the buildings. Suites that face to the south and are located on a middle floor would have more heat energy from the walls and make-up air coming through doorways 14 and hence, use less energy for space heating. Suites that are located on the north and top floor would require more electricity for space heating due to lower heat gain. Another study by Ronggui (2007) evaluated energy consumption and energy efficiency of low-rise (4-6 storeys), mid-rise (7-20 storeys), and high-rise (above 20 storeys) residential buildings in Canada using a database for 81 buildings provided by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). The buildings were classified by several factors such as location, age and residential type. The study found that older buildings use less energy per suite than newer buildings even though the older buildings are less energy efficient. He referred to CMHC’s research and stated that MURBs consume three times more energy per unit of floor area than SFDs. When the buildings are classified into regions, the average Canadian energy intensity for low-rise residential buildings is 0.87 GJ/m2/yr (241.7 kWh/m2/yr) whereas that in the West Coast is 1.29 GJ/m2/yr (358.4 kWh/m2/yr). It should be noted though that only one building of 62 suites out of 15 low-rise residential (total of 1102 suites) buildings in the database was located on the West Coast and as a result, the energy intensity result may not be representative. Ronggui’s study also shows the relationship between energy demand and heating-degree days (HDDs) and confirms that more energy would be consumed as the number of HDDs increases due to increased energy demand for space heating. In his study, he found that buildings in British Columbia have one of the lowest energy intensity statistics due to the lowest number of heating degree days since it has a less colder and shorter heating season compared to the other areas in Canada. A comparison was also made for different types of residential houses and this was conducted by using the data from the Energy Efficiency Trends Analysis Tables from the Natural Resource Canada 15 website for the period from 1995 to 2004. From the comparison, it was found that apartments were the most energy efficient housing type with an uncertainty whether MURBs over four storeys were included in the database or not. However, the result does not show that MURBs are the best energy efficient because, based on the statistics for 81 MURBs from the CMHC’s database, energy intensity for low-rise buildings was 0.87 GJ/m2/yr (241.7 kWh/m2/yr) and that for mid-rise buildings was 1.00 GJ/m2/yr (277.8 kWh/m2/yr) which fell within the average of the residential building energy intensity. High-rise MURBs were found to be less energy efficient even when compared to commercial buildings due to their poor building envelope, poor space heating and air conditioning control, and poor lighting and appliances. The study recommended that more data and further investigation would be required for more accurate analysis and consistent conclusion. 2 DATA SOURCES and METHODOLOGY 2.1 PROCESSES for OBTAINING DATA In the early stages of this project, ideas on how to gather data were discussed and energy consumption data collection was started afterwards. Since this project is about analyzing energy consumption of MURBs, data should cover both common areas and individual suites. Data for common areas could be obtained from Property Managers or with permission from Strata Councils for the case of privately owned apartments. Data for individual suites could be obtained from residents who would volunteer their data. However, due to confidentiality issues with energy data, apartments that are managed 16 by Village Gate were assumed to be the best target since UBC is the owner of the properties and the energy is provided by UBC Utilities. A draft request was sent to Strata Councils as well as to Village Gate, Wesbrook Properties, and BC Hydro. Then, a formal letter was sent to each residential building. Meetings with rental companies were scheduled as well. Strata councils and managers of properties were contacted for participation in the study. A letter asking for resident volunteers was posted in some buildings. UBC Utilities agreed to compile electricity and gas data for the Faculty and Staff Housing buildings for a minimum of 12 months. For comparison purposes, 10 anonymous addresses in Vancouver were selected and monthly energy consumption data was requested to BC Hydro and FortisBC. 2.2 DATA SOURCES Data must be complete and accurate in order for it to be usable for analysis. When collecting energy usage data, the level and scope of data collected needs to be determined first; for example, collecting data from sub-meters on individual processes or looking at utility bills. Meter readings and other data and information are then assembled. The energy data is acquired by contacting the appropriate utilities or energy service providers. Other data can be obtained from building owners or management or architectural companies with the authorization of the owners. For utility usage data, at least two years of monthly data needs to be gathered for comparison. For the purpose of this project, no site measurements were required. The square footage of each unit and common areas was obtained from records drawings and 17 original modelling files (such as project summary and statistics data), mechanical drawings and floor plans that were provided by Ms. Heidi Hunchak (Records Technician at UBC Infrastructure Development). The square footage information is rather important as it allows one to calculate the energy consumption per unit area (i.e. energy intensity) which will make it easier to compare energy intensities among buildings. Other necessary data, including building age and the number of storeys, was obtained from the UBC Properties Trust and Village Gate websites. Detailed energy consumption data for the three Faculty and Staff Housing buildings was provided by UBC Utilities. The consumption data for the three buildings managed by Village Gate was requested and provided by Ms. Erin Kastner, a Geospatial Information Manager at UBC Utilities. This data was later on analyzed to find the individual contributions of natural gas and electricity to the overall energy consumption of the building. The energy consumption data provided was for the period starting from May 2008 to August 2011. Mr. Kyle Reese who is a Community Energy Manager at UBC Sustainability Office also provided electricity and natural gas consumption data for UBC Properties Trust owned residences for the year of 2010. Natural gas is metered on a single meter for the entire building and hence, the data obtained covers the entire building’s gas consumption. It should be noted that natural gas is included in the rent for all of the three Faculty and Staff Housing buildings. Natural gas was used primarily for fireplaces and domestic hot water heating. Azalea House has its own gas meter for hot water and a separate gas meter for fireplaces. Sumac House and Cascara House share a common gas meter. 18 Most of the data was available from private sources. Data sources summarized in this report and data provided for this project include:  Monthly energy (electricity and gas) consumption data for three Faculty and Staff Housing buildings from UBC Utilities,  Monthly energy (electricity and gas) consumption data on all rental units owned by UBC Properties Trust for the year of 2010,  CPR (Conservation Potential Review) data summary from BC Hydro,  Floor plans and units area from UBC Infrastructure Development,  Monthly energy consumption data of 10 anonymous addresses in Vancouver from BC Hydro and FortisBC (No analysis was conducted on these addresses. The data can be found in Appendix B). 2.3 METHODOLOGY Nine residential buildings on UBC Campus were initially selected for analysis, mostly low-rises with four storey buildings except one high-rise building consisting of 17 storeys, a townhome and apartment mix of three levels, and one townhome of two levels. All of the buildings were built in the 2000s and six of them that were built after 2005 are REAP certified since the REAP rating system became mandatory in 2006. The other three buildings did not have to adopt the REAP rating system since they were completed in the early 2000s. 19 Data for three Faculty and Staff Housing buildings was studied whereas the other REAP certified buildings were excluded due to difficulties in obtaining data due to privacy issues and time delays getting permission and data from Strata Councils, property management companies, and energy providers. The obtained energy consumption data for the three buildings also contains some missing data for certain periods of time and errors due system interruption. 2.3.1 DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE Evaluating energy performance of residential buildings usually involves quantifying total annual energy consumed for various energy sectors such as space heating, air conditioning, hot water heating, and appliances in each individual unit. However, energy consumption by end use is not analyzed in this report due to data limitations. The evaluation also involves description of other dwelling features that have impact on energy consumption, such as geometry (e.x. size of each unit and number of storeys), mechanical systems (e.x. fireplaces and hot water heaters), occupancy, and year of occupancy. Energy consumption values are usually represented in either kWh or GJ. Here, the convention kWh is used throughout the whole report. Gas consumption data provided by UBC Utilities is given in cubic meters and GJ and these are converted to kWh as well using appropriate conversion factors. Energy intensity in kWh/m2 is used to compare the buildings’ total annual energy consumption. Electricity and gas meters are read regularly at about 30 day of intervals. 20 Electric baseboard heaters in each suite provide space heating. Electricity is also used for lighting and to power home appliances and plug-loads. Natural gas is used for domestic hot water heating and in natural gas fireplaces for all the three buildings in this study. When more than one year of data is available, annual and monthly patterns are reviewed for consistency. The monthly consumption data is normalized for weather. Weather normalization allows a more accurate comparison of the monthly and annual electricity and natural gas consumption. Electricity and natural gas consumption are then combined to calculate the buildings’ total energy consumption. The average over all years is used for this study when comparing the data with values from other studies. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The construction completion date of Azalea House and Sumac House is May 2001 and that of Cascara House is September 2002. The suites in the three buildings are 602 ft2 to 1,058 ft2 in size, with a total of 11 to 42 suites per building. All the buildings are located in Hawthorn Place. The description of each building is summarized in the table below. Table 1. Building Descriptions Building Year of Completion Managed by # of Units # of Floors Azalea House May-01 Village Gate 11 2 Sumac House May-01 Village Gate 42 4 Cascara House Sep-02 Village Gate 36 4 21 More detailed data including size of each unit and common areas can be found in Table A1 in Appendix A. Energy consumption for the entire building is calculated and a comparison of consumption to typical low rise residential buildings and subsequent recommendations for the reduction in energy consumption are provided in this section. A description of the method for calculating energy consumption, the levels of detailed data provided and output from the calculation are provided as well. 3.1 ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS There is no database of publicly available information that provides insight into energy use of the buildings. The most directly relevant source provided for this project is measured energy use of the buildings. This source came from energy providers and the data was available on the amount of each form of energy used including electricity and natural gas. The breakdown by end use energy, such as the amount of energy used for space heating, cooling, lighting, ventilation, domestic water heating and others, was not available. The data is analyzed to calculate the total energy use and energy intensity of the buildings. The total energy intensity (kWh/m2/yr) is based on total energy used and floor area of suites and common areas. The weather normalization is needed to adjust energy consumption data to factor out the variations in the outside air temperature and it allows a fair comparison of yearly 22 energy consumption of different buildings as well as buildings in different places. Heating degree days are used to normalize the energy consumption of the buildings. For all the three buildings in this study, electricity consumption data provided covers a period from May 2008 to August 2011 with missing data for November 2008. Two complete years (from 2009 to 2010) of data with complete monthly energy consumption was used to analyze the energy consumption on a yearly basis. 3.1.1 Energy Consumption of Azalea House Azalea House consists of 11 townhomes of two to three bedrooms with two different floor plan types. Type 1 has an area of 1,083 ft2 and Type 2 has an area of 1,292 ft2 (See Appendix A for unit floor plans for each building). The gross floor area is 13,376 ft2. Each unit has two walls shared with the other units and there is no common area. The monthly and per heating degree day electricity consumption for the years 2009 and 2010 are shown in Figures 3 and 4 below. Figure 2. Azalea House 23 Figure 3. Monthly Electricity Consumption, Azalea House Figure 4. Monthly Electricity Consumption per Heating Degree Days, Azalea House 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 Electricity Consumption (kWh) Month 2009 2010 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Electricity Consumption per Heating Degree Days (kWh/HDD) Month 2009 2010 24 The heating degree days for 2009 and 2010 can be found in Table A2 in Appendix A. As expected, the electricity consumption in the winter is higher than in the summer and this is mainly due to more heating required for the winter (More electricity is used for lighting as well in the winter. However, only heating is mentioned here since electricity used for space heating takes a significant proportion of consumption). Figure 4, the weather normalized consumption graph, shows the opposite trend compared to the total electricity graph, Figure 3, higher values in the summer and lower values in the winter. 2009 and 2010 have a very similar electricity consumption trend except June and July. This is because in June, the building used a similar amount of electricity even though the number of heating degree days in June 2009 was almost half that of June 2010 (53 HDDs in June 2009 vs. 101 HDDs in June 2010). For the difference between July 2009 and July 2010, all the units in the building used significantly lesser energy in 2010 than in 2009. Hence, it is assumed that there is an error in the data or a system interruption. The table below shows a yearly comparison of electricity consumption for 2009 and 2010. Table 2. Comparison of Total Electricity Consumption, Azalea House Year Total Electricity Consumption (kWh) Total Heating Degree Days kWh per HDDs Normalized kWh 2009 74375 2968 25 70816 2010 67170 2684 25 70724 When the energy consumption for 2009 is compared with that for 2010, the raw figures in the second column show that the building used less electricity in 2010 than it did in 2009. However, 2010 was warmer year than 2009 as indicated by the number of heating 25 degree days. Hence, it can be concluded that lesser energy was used in 2010 than in 2009 as the warmer outside temperatures in 2010 means that lesser energy was needed to heat the units in the building. The weather-normalized electricity consumptions for 2009 and 2010 are calculated using the heating degree day values. The kWh per degree day is calculated by dividing the total electricity consumption figures by the number of heating degree days in the period (one year) over which that electricity was used (2009 or 2010). As can be seen in the fourth column, ‘kWh per HDDs,’ of the table above, there is not much difference between 2009 and 2010. The normalized kWh in the last column of the table is calculated by multiplying the kWh per degree day figures by the average heating degree day value of the two years, which is calculated to be 2,826 days. Azalea House has its own gas meter for hot water heating and fireplaces and hence, the gas consumption data was obtainable. However, there were many missing figures in the data and hence, it was not possible to analyze the gas data as accurately as electricity data. The gas consumption data contained gas data used for fireplaces and hot water heating separately and was given in cubic feet. The figures were converted to kWh. Azalea House uses approximately 115,000 kWh of energy provided by gas each year, which is about 92.5 kWh/m2/yr. Of this, gas used for fireplaces takes up about 38.5%, which is approximately 44,300 kWh/yr or 35.6 kWh/m2/yr (It was not possible to obtain efficiency and type of the fireplaces in the suites and hence, it was not possible to know how much energy from the fireplaces was being wasted). The exact total gas consumption and gas used for fireplaces were unavailable to obtain since the gas consumption for January 2010 as shown in Tables A6 and A8 in Appendix A does not 26 contain the gas used for fireplaces (The gas consumption for 2009 was not studied since there were many missing figures for the fireplace gas consumption, as mentioned earlier). The gas used for domestic hot water heating in 2010 was found to be 68,601 kWh which gives the gas intensity of 55 kWh/m2/yr. This is 42.6% of all the gas consumed when the January gas consumption was not considered in the calculation. The monthly gas consumption for domestic hot water heating is shown in Table A7 in Appendix A. 3.1.2 Energy Consumption of Sumac House and Cascara House For Sumac House and Cascara House, electricity consumption data for each unit was available. However, gas consumption data for each building was not available since they use a single meter for measuring gas consumption. Sumac House is a four-storey building which is composed of 42 units. There are 18 two-bedroom and den townhomes and on top of it, there are 24 1 and 2 bedroom apartment suites on the third and fourth floors. The area of each townhome unit ranges from 978 ft2 (90.9 m2) to 1,012 ft2 (94.0 m2) and that of each apartment unit ranges from 649 ft2 (60.3 m2) to 736 ft2 (68.4 m2). The gross floor area is 41,914 ft2 (3,894 m2) including a common area of Figure 5. Sumac House 27 7,649 ft2 (780 m2). The monthly electricity consumption and electricity consumption per HDDs graphs are shown in Figures 6 and 7 below. Table 3 shows the normalized total electricity consumption. Figure 6. Monthly Electricity Consumption, Sumac House 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 Electricity Consumption (kWh) Month 2009 2010 28 Figure 7. Monthly Electricity Consumption per Heating Degree Days, Sumac House Table 3. Comparison of Total Electricity Consumption, Sumac House Year Total Electricity Consumption (kWh) Total Heating Degree Days kWh per HDDs Normalized kWh 2009 172440 2968 58 164190 2010 161179 2684 60 169706 Cascara House is a four storey apartment which provides 36 units of one, one plus den, two, and three bedrooms. The area of each unit ranges from 602 ft2 (55.9 m2) to 1,058 ft2 (98.3 m2). The sum of the area of all units is 28,276 ft2 (2,626.9 m2) and that of the 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Electricity Consumption per Heating Degree Days (kWh/HDD) Month 2009 2010 Figure 8. Cascara House 29 common areas is 5,256 ft2 (488.3 m2), giving a gross floor area of 33,532 ft2 (3,115.2 m2). The monthly electricity consumption, electricity consumption per HDDs and normalized total electricity consumption are shown in Figures 9 and 10, and Table 4 below. Figure 9. Monthly Electricity Consumption, Cascara House 30 Figure 10. Monthly Electricity Consumption per Heating Degree Days, Cascara House Table 4. Comparison of Total Electricity Consumption, Cascara House Year Total Electricity Consumption (kWh) Total Heating Degree Days kWh per HDDs Normalized kWh 2009 151105 2968 51 143875 2010 131678 2684 49 138644 As with Azalea House, the electricity consumption of Sumac House and Cascara House show very similar trends. The abnormal trend in the electricity consumption per heating degree day figures in June and July 2009 and 2010 is assumed to be due to the same reason mentioned earlier for Azalea House. Note that all the three buildings have UBC Utilities as their energy provider and are managed by the same management company, Village Gate. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Electricity Consumption per Heating Degree Days (kWh/HDD) Month 2009 2010 31 For the gas consumption, there is no separate data for Sumac House and Cascara House. Also, the obtained data does not show gas used in common areas separately from that used in the units. Sumac House and Cascara together used 875,151 kWh of energy provided by gas in 2010 which gives 124.9 kWh/m2/yr of gas use. Of this, 563,241 kWh (80.4 kWh/m2/yr) of gas was used for domestic hot water heating (accounting for 64.4% of total gas used) and 311,911 kWh (44.5 kWh/m2/yr) of gas was used for fireplaces (35.6%). The gas intensity was calculated by dividing the total gas consumption by the total area of the two buildings including common areas. The total monthly gas consumption and gas used for hot water heating and fireplaces for the two buildings can be found in Tables A9, A10 and A11 in Appendix A. Next, the electricity used in the common areas in Sumac House and Cascara House is shown in Figure 11 below. 32 Figure 11. Common Area Electricity Consumption, Sumac House + Cascara House The electricity data for January 2009 is not included since it was abnormally higher than for the rest of months, about three times higher on average. The ratio of the common area in Sumac House to that in Cascara House is approximately 1:1.45. However, the common areas calculated from the obtained data do not contain the underground parking area (parking area floor plans were missing) in each building, which means that only the heated area is considered in the analysis. It should be noted that the total gas and common area electricity consumption calculated for Figure 11 above are not very reliable due to the fact that the data is based on a single meter for two different buildings. Sumac House and Cascara House have different 33 building types. Sumac House has a mix of townhomes and apartment units whereas Cascara House has only apartment units. Also, they have different building envelopes and used different construction materials. They might use different mechanical systems of different efficiencies from different companies. RDH Engineering (mentioned in the ‘Literature Review’ section of this report) excluded buildings that used a single gas or electricity meter for several buildings and buildings that had missing or erroneous data in their study on energy consumption in MURBs. They found those buildings were unsuitable to analyze. 3.1.3 Energy Used for Space Heating All the three buildings are equipped with electric baseboard heaters and gas fireplaces. The electric baseboard heaters are the main source that provides space heating to the suites and gas fireplaces are used as a secondary space heating source and used for aesthetic purposes as well. The amount of energy used for space heating was calculated by the method used by RDH Engineering’s study. For the calculation of electricity used for space heating, it was assumed that direct space heating (electric baseboard heaters) was turned off during the summer (However, it should be noted that occupants might need to use baseboard heaters to heat up rooms even on the summer days when the occupants feel cold being in the room). Then, the electricity used in the summer months becomes non-variable data which means that the amount of electricity used during these months is used for 34 other purposes such as electric home appliances which are used continuously throughout the year. The non-variable electricity figure was calculated by averaging the electricity used for July and August. The amount of electricity used for space heating can then be calculated by summing up the differences between the total electricity used for each month and the average non-variable electricity figure. For gas, the non-variable data is the gas used for domestic hot water heating. Since the gas used for hot water heating was obtained separately from the gas used for fireplaces from UBC Utilities, the non-variable calculation was not required for gas. The total energy used for space heating is the sum of gas used for fireplaces and the non-variable electricity used. For Azalea House, 37.9% of the total energy consumed was used for space heating and for Sumac House and Cascara House, the energy used for space heating accounts for 35.5% of the total energy used. More detailed data including portions of electricity and gas used for space heating was summarized in Tables A12 and A13 in Appendix A. These tables also summarize the total energy consumption and distribution of the energy. 3.1.4 Energy Consumption Comparisons A comparison of energy consumption for the three buildings and to the other residential buildings is presented in this section. The energy intensity of the three buildings for the year 2009 and 2010 are shown in the table below. Note that the common area energy 35 intensity of Sumac House and Cascara House is not included in the total energy intensity values. Table 5. Energy Intensity Electricity Consumption Year Azalea House Sumac House Cascara House Average (kWh/m2) 2009 59.9 54.2 57.5 2010 54.1 50.6 50.1 Average 57.0 52.4 53.8 54.4 Electricity Consumption 2009 0.0202 0.0182 0.0194 (kWh/m2/HDD) 2010 0.0201 0.0189 0.0187 Average 0.0202 0.0186 0.0190 0.0192 Gas Consumption 2010 91.6 124.9 124.9 113.8 (kWh/m2) Total Energy Intensity 2010 145.7 175.5 175.0 165.4 (kWh/m2) Table 5 above presents the total energy consumption for the three Faculty and Staff Housing buildings, normalized by gross floor area. Note again that gas consumption is calculated only for 2010 due to missing data in 2009 and hence, the total energy intensity calculated is only for that year as well. The average electricity consumption for the three buildings is 54.4 kWh/m2/yr. Per heating degree day, the average electricity consumption is 0.019 kWh/m2/yr per HDD in Vancouver where the average heating-degree days (18°C baseline) of 2009 and 2010 was 2,826. The average gas consumption for the year 2010 is 113.8 kWh/m2. For the calculation of gas consumption in Sumac House and Cascara House, the total gas consumption data from the common gas meter was divided by the total floor area of the two buildings, hence giving the same figure for the gas consumption in kWh/m2. The average total energy (electricity and gas) 36 use intensity is calculated to be 165.4 kWh/m2/yr. This is a lot lower than the energy intensity value from RDH Engineering’s 2010 study on energy intensity on MURBs, which was found to be 220 kWh/m2/yr for buildings in Vancouver. The average total energy intensity for the three buildings is about 20 kWh higher than the value from BC Hydro’s database for energy consumption, which is 146 kWh/m2/yr (82 kWh/m2/yr for electricity and 63.89 kWh/m2/yr for gas ) for low rise (<= 4 storeys) apartment units with electric heat. Note that BC Hydro’s database was based on its 1.5 million resident customer billing data and the energy intensity value mentioned above is for the low rise apartment buildings that were built after 2007. In general, high-rise residential buildings and residential buildings that are gas-heated have higher energy intensity values. 3.2 DISCUSSION 3.2.1 Analyzed Data The main barrier that hindered the energy performance analysis on the buildings was a lack of dependable consumption data, especially for gas. Azalea House uses its own gas meter to measure the amount of gas used. However, the data obtained contains missing data for some months. The most appropriate way to analyze the data was to use 2010 values only. For Sumac House and Cascara House, the problem was that they share a single meter for measuring electricity and gas. For electricity, the consumption for each unit in each building was obtained from UBC Utilities and hence, it was possible to analyze the electricity consumption separately. However, that was not the case for gas. For the purpose of analysis, the total gas consumption was divided by the sum of 37 the two buildings’ floor areas. However, the proportion of the common area of each building is not the same as that of the sum of each unit for each building. Also, they are buildings of different types and they might at least have different thermal mass in their structure and have different wall thicknesses and window types. Also, they were constructed at a different time. The normalization factor (floor area) was selected as a means to compare different buildings. The limitation in using a per unit area basis is the assumption that all suites regardless of size have the same amount of lighting and appliances and usage patterns, which is not the case. The primary benefit in using this unit area basis is that it gives a simple, easily performed estimate of expected energy consumption for any given home. 3.2.2 Potential Interventions to Reduce Consumption Energy is used in residential buildings to heat, light and operate appliances. There are many options for energy management opportunities to reduce the amount of energy used to perform these tasks through technological improvements in the systems that are used in buildings, and effective control strategies. Processes for controlling energy consumption and costs vary depending on building types and applicability of energy management procedures should be evaluated specific to different building types. Residential buildings require an individual’s effort within the household to adopt specific energy management programs such as replacing boilers or retrofitting lights (ASHRAE, 2007). Some of the energy management programs are listed below. 38 Seal and Insulate The building envelope (outer walls, ceilings, windows and doors, and hidden gaps and cracks) affects the amount of air flowing in and out of the building and the requirements for heating and cooling systems of a building. Air leaks make residents feel uncomfortable and significantly raise energy costs. For example, in the winter, cold air can infiltrate into a unit through leaky windows, requiring a heating system to run more. In this case, the existing windows can be replaced with energy-efficient windows to reduce energy costs. “Low-emissivity” coating on the existing windows can also be used to retain more heat during the winter and reduce the amount of solar radiation received during the summer. Heat and Cool Efficiently Building energy performance also depends on how well the building is operated and maintained. In order for heating and cooling systems to perform better, annual maintenance (regular filter cleaning, check-ups, and proper service) is required. A well-designed and sealed duct system for the heating and cooling equipment can prevent losses in system efficiency up to 20 percent from leaky ducts (US EPA, 2011). Residents can try to heat and cool only those areas that they use. When the outside temperature is high and the interior temperature needs to be cooled, natural ventilation can be used. When heating is required, it is important to make sure that windows and doors are closed for maximum efficiency. Slight adjustments to thermostat set points of air conditioning systems can result in substantial energy savings as well. 39 Use of Energy Efficient Equipment Outdated and inefficient equipment can be replaced or eliminated reducing energy consumption directly. Lighting can be upgraded with high efficiency bulbs and fixtures which use less energy. Purchasing and using ENERGY STAR qualifying products will offer significant energy savings as well. Reducing Hot Water Use and Lowering Water Heating Temperature Gas consumption can be lowered by reducing hot water use and this can lower water heating costs at the same time. Wasting less hot water can be achieved by repairing leaks in fixtures such as faucets and showerheads, installing low-flow fixtures, or purchasing energy-efficient dishwashers and clothes washers. Lowering the thermostat setting on a water heater can also lower the costs for water heating and help the heater last longer by lowering mineral build-up rate inside the heater. Informing Residents and Changing Behaviour Promoting energy conservation and rewarding wise energy decisions and behaviour will make people have a greater understanding of energy conservation and as a result, will significantly affect the amount of energy used. Consumers should be made well aware of the many choices they have for controlling the energy consumption. Use of individual metering system will also make people be aware of how much energy they consume and if they have to pay for what they use, they will be more inclined to conserve. 40 Performing Energy Assessments It is important for residents to know how much energy their home consumes in order to evaluate what measures can be taken to use energy more efficiently. The energy assessment shows residents how they use energy, where the energy is wasted, how much energy and money can be saved over time. Home owners can perform a simple energy assessment or a professional energy auditor can be hired to perform a more thorough assessment. The interventions listed above are generic. It is required to get access to the three buildings in order to find out measures that can be applicable specifically to those buildings. The 2007 ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Applications lists some measures that can be implemented. 3.2.3 Potential Causes of Variations in Consumption Occupancy, household composition, installed home appliances, and weather influence the amount of energy used even for the same type of homes of the same area. In residential buildings, occupants have complete control of all appliances and they can behave as they want. One way of reducing energy consumption is replacing or upgrading household equipment. However, this takes time to make residents understand the benefits from this replacement. High-efficient home appliances usually cost more than less efficient ones and thus, people prefer to buy cheaper and less efficient ones as long as these appliances have minimal features that people want to use. Frequency of use of each home appliance varies with time of day and year and this 41 affects the amount of energy consumed as well. According to Wood (2002), energy consumption can be classified as “predictable,” “moderately predictable” and “unpredictable.” The “predictable” energy consumption occurs when the building is unoccupied or when the occupants are asleep where there are steady energy loads such from refrigeration or lighting in the lobby or hallways. The “moderately predictable” and “unpredictable” consumptions relate to behaviour of residents and seasonal or weather variations. Watching TV at a regular time for regular periods and turning lights on at night after work and off before going to bed are examples of the “moderately predictable” consumption. The “unpredictable” consumption is energy use that occurs irregularly at the users’ discretion. Since most of the households have all three types of consumption, the variations in the energy consumption among similar households come from variations in micro-level activities such as time taken for each activity. Hence, changing occupants’ behaviour has a great potential to reduce energy consumption. It can reduce energy consumption by 10-30% (Spataru et al., 2010). Although residents in the UBC’s Faculty and Staff Housing buildings are a quite distinct group of people compared to residents in multi-family buildings in general, they still have different attitudes, age, income and health conditions. All these factors affect residents’ energy use behaviour. In addition, interpersonal relationships also affect energy-use behaviour. Hence, when addressing methods for reducing energy-consumption by changing residents’ behaviour, these differences should be considered. However, it is not easy to change one’s lifestyle, habits and behaviour and also, changing the existing home appliance is not effective since the life expectancy of home appliances is usually several years unless they are significantly damaged or broken down. Hence, understanding and pursuing initiatives that affect behaviour are of great importance. 42 Occupant characteristics, such as the number of occupants and their age, influence the amount of energy consumed in a household as well. Energy use generally increases with the number of occupants (Seryak, 2003) but it also varies widely with the same number of occupants due to their behaviour. Energy consumption is significantly influenced by the number of occupants, and depends on time of occupation, outside temperature, and behaviour of residents, whereas gas consumption is not as affected by the number of occupants. Rather, it is more affected by structural characteristics in addition to outside temperature and behaviour (Seryak, 2003). Age, income, and employment status affect energy use and energy use patterns. Households without children or with residents working or attending school during the day consume less energy than those with children or older people. Older people usually have low energy consumption but have high energy consumption in the winter due to a lower tolerance with cold temperature (Guerin et al., 2009). Age of buildings is an important household characteristic that also determines the amount of energy used. In general, older households consume more energy than newer households due to greater energy use for space heating. Also, there are many international studies stating that there are linear correlations between household size and energy use. 3.2.4 Data Privacy There are issues involving privacy and security of energy consumption data. Collected personal information which includes recorded information such as name, address and phone number and thus identifiable should be handled in compliance with the relevant privacy regulation which might be the British Columbia Freedom of Information and 43 Protection of Privacy Act for this case. Hence, it is necessary to differentiate between personal and non-personal data when dealing with energy consumption data from different sources. The use of personal data requires informed consent from the customer. A meter reading is personal data if it can be traced back to households or the individual consumer which is the point of consumption and if it can identify directly or through inference a person. Hence, it is important to distinguish between personal and non-personal data to minimize the exposure of personal data and clarify which data is used by whom and for what purpose. BC Hydro and FortisBC control access to the collected data by preventing unauthorized use of a resource and making the information not available to unauthorized individuals or entities. The use of personal data is controlled by law. Smart meters, which are considered to be one of the methods to save energy, have issues with privacy. BC Hydro announced that it was going to replace the old analog meters with smart meters and have planned to install 1.8 million meters across B.C. by the end of 2012. Smart meters are considered by electricity providers to help consumers monitor and control their energy usage, reduce their energy bills while helping the electricity providers have the ability to manage demand requirements and build a more efficient electricity system. However, consumers worry about the smart metering system lacking privacy protections. Smart meters track real-time electricity use of customers and tell electricity providers how much electricity consumers use, when they use it, what they use it for and even what appliances they use it with. The meters collect personal information on daily lives of consumers and reveal their energy use patterns. Smart meters transmit wireless signals and the signals can be intercepted and detailed energy 44 use data can be misused by unauthorized parties. They can use this data to monitor household occupancy, for example, which can aid criminal activities. The data could hold information on what kinds of appliances consumers have in their houses, which could be very valuable to marketers and advertisers. The news released by Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia in July 2011 shows how seriously consumers are worried about the security of personal information collected by smart meters. The privacy concerns prompted BC’s Information and Privacy Commissioner to investigate BC Hydro’s compliance with the Freedom of Information and Protection and Privacy Act. The Commissioner’s report released in December includes a finding that BC Hydro is not in compliance with regard to the notification about the purpose for collecting personal information for the smart metering system. The report suggests recommendations to BC hydro for improving its privacy and security practices, especially for informing customers about the reasons for collecting information. Energy providers, including BC Hydro, need to adopt strong rules to protect the privacy and security of customers’ energy usage information in order to dispel worries. They need to assess their data security policies and procedures and review what type of personal information is in their possession, where the information is located, and how to safeguard this sensitive information. In addition, laws regarding personal information that smart meters are transmitting should detail how consumers’ information is to be destroyed when no longer needed. When energy providers need to share data with a third-party service provider (although there is a question of how the energy providers 45 could ever justify giving data to third-parties), only the minimal amount of personally identifiable information should be provided and customers’ names and other information that can identify the individual should not be used. Energy providers should give consumers assurances that their privacy is protected since they need not sacrifice privacy for energy efficiency. 3.2.5 Challenges in Energy Assessment Energy is used mostly for space heating in residential sector and energy used for space heating depends on heat gains and losses throughout the building envelope which is determined by technical and architectural characteristics. The thermal quality of the building, household characteristics, occupant behaviour and climate are some of the parameters influencing energy demand in residential buildings. However, these characteristics cannot be found from utility bills or energy consumption data. Performing energy assessment on existing buildings involves some challenges. In order to analyze building and utility data, the study of the installed equipment and building operational systems is also required as well as an analysis of energy bills. However, this requires more detailed data and access to each household or to the property which requires permission from the building or unit owners or property managers. For this project, three Faculty and Staff Housing buildings were chosen for analysis. Luckily, data for all suites was obtained since all the buildings have energy provided by UBC Utilities. However, if other privately owned buildings were selected for building 46 performance analysis, it might not have been possible to get energy consumption data for all the units in a building. Hence, how much data from how many buildings (sample size) and from how many units can be collected is important. Usually, the larger the sample size, the more it can truly reflect the total population. A descriptive statistical analysis of the data with an assumption that data for some units, not all, in a building is collected, is conducted as shown in Table A8 in Appendix A. For all the three buildings, the number of samples collected gives an average energy intensity value that differs by approximately 5%, demonstrating a narrow variability of energy use between different groups of units. When data for nine of 36 units in Cascara House was collected, the average of their energy intensity values differed only by 1.35% from the average of the total. However, it cannot be said that the sample size was large enough to be assumed representative of the total since the sample data collected is from residents who may be more energy-conscious. 4 CONCLUSION There are many residential buildings on UBC campus and multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) are becoming one of the most common building types. This study was established to evaluate the energy performance of UBC’s residential buildings and analysis of energy consumption was made. The results describe the energy use of three Faculty and Staff Housing buildings totalling 89 units containing 88,822 ft2 of floor space, which about 75,926 ft2 is the sum of individual units and 12,896 ft2 is the sum of common areas. The average total energy intensity for the three buildings was found to 47 be 165.4 kWh/m2/yr. Of this, 67.7% of the energy consumption was gas and approximately 38.5% of the gas was used for space heating. The amount of electricity used for space heating could be estimated assuming that all the electrical baseboard heaters were not in use in the summer. Of the electricity used for all the three buildings in 2010, 35.4% was used for space heating. Considering the total energy used, energy used for space heating was approximately 35.8%. Electricity used for other purposes could not be determined due to the lack of breakdown in end use energy consumption data. Mechanical systems and home appliances can be replaced or upgraded to use energy more efficiently. Educating building occupants is another way of potentially reducing energy use. 5 RECOMMENDATIONS The evaluation of the energy consumption of buildings was based on electricity and gas consumption data. It was good that a complete set of data was obtained for the three residential buildings. However, they do not represent all the residential buildings on campus and since they were built in the early 2000s, there might be a significant energy consumption difference between the three buildings and REAP certified buildings that most new residential buildings on campus are now. In order to improve the accuracy of analyses of UBC’s residential buildings’ energy consumption, data for more buildings is needed and should be collected. It would also be beneficial to study buildings that use energy savings technologies such as geothermal heat pump for domestic water heating or waste heat recycling system. 48 A lack of time prevented me from gathering as much data as needed since this project was scheduled to be finished in three months. For a more detailed analysis of energy consumption, more information would be needed concerning the allocation of the two major energy sources to different end-uses, such as space heating, water heating, and home appliances. However, utility bills, that are the primary source of data on total consumption, are not broken down by end-use and there is no practical means by which such information can be obtained directly from each suite. As a recommendation, a survey can be conducted. Occupants can be invited to participate in the survey and complete a paper survey such as during a monthly residents’ meeting. The survey can include physical and operational characteristics of residential buildings. Examples of these are type and number of appliances that are most directly related to energy use, socioeconomic characteristics of the household (e.x. income), the area of heated floor space, residents’ comfort level, and other household characteristics (e.x. hours per day occupied, number of people in a household, number of children, ownership, etc.). Building envelope and thermal characteristics, such as exterior wall materials and number and type of windows, can also be used for a better understanding of building structures. Another questionnaire might include consumer decision-making behaviour such as willingness to implement energy saving technologies and purchase new equipment, awareness and use of energy-conserving technologies. 49 6 REFERENCES American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. “Energy Use and Management.” 2007 ASHRAE Handbook-HVAC Applications. 2007. 35.1-35.19. Campus and Community Planning. Web. . Canada. Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia. Privacy Commissioner Investigating BC Hydro¶s Smart Metering Program. By Cara McGregor. 2011. Web. Canada. Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia. Privacy Commissioner issues report on BC Hydro smart meters. By Maria Dupuis. 2011. Web. "Energy Management." UBC Sustainability. Web. . Finch, Graham, Eric Burnett, and Warren Knowles. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN MID AND HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL." Proc. of 12th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology, Montreal, Quebec. 2009. 137-50. Web. Guerin, Denise A., Becky L. Yust, and Julie G. Coopet. "Occupant Predictors of Household Energy Behavior and Consumption Change as Found in Energy Studies Since 1975." Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal 29.1 (2000): 48-80. Web. 50 Guerra Santin, Olivia, Laure Itard, and Henk Visscher. "The Effect of Occupancy and Building Characteristics on Energy Use for Space and Water Heating in Dutch Residential Stock." Energy and Buildings 41.11 (2009): 1223-232. Web. Hackett, Laura Adkins, Lucie Maruejols, and André Plourde. CBEEDAC ENERGY DIGEST - Energy Consumption and Prices. Rep. 2011 ed. Edmonton: CBEEDAC, 2011. Web. . Liu, Ronggui. Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity in Multi-Unit Residential Buildings (MURBs) in Canada. Tech. Canadian Building Energy End-Use Data and Analysis Centre, Apr. 2007. Web. Marbek Resource Consultants Ltd. “BC Hydro 2007 Conservation Potential Review – The Potential for Electricity Savings, 2006-2026, Residential, Commercial and Industrial Sectors in British Columbia (Summary Report).” Review. Web. Natural Resources Canada. Survey of Household Energy Use, 2007: Summary Report. [Ottawa]: Office of Energy Efficiency, 2010. Web. Nelson, Dennis J., and Harinder Bains. BC Hydro - Apartments Report. Rep. Vancouver, 2011. Web. RDH Building Engineering Ltd. Energy Consumption and Conservation in Mid and High Rise Residential Buildings in British Columbia. Rep. Vancouver, 2011. Web. "Reducing Energy Use | Green Homes | US EPA." US Environmental Protection Agency. Web. . 51 Seryak, John. OCCUPANCY AND BEHAVIORAL AFFECTS ON RESIDENTIAL ENERGY USE. OCCUPANCY AND BEHAVIORAL AFFECTS ON RESIDENTIAL ENERGY USE. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Dayton, 2003. Web. Spataru, C., M. Gillott, and M. R. Hall. "Domestic Energy and Occupancy: a Novel Post-occupancy Evaluation Study." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 5.3 (2010): 148-57. Web. UBC Properties Trust. Web. . Village Gate | Townhouse Rentals and Apartment Rentals UBC Vancouver. Web. . Wood, G. "Dynamic Energy-consumption Indicators for Domestic Appliances: Environment, Behaviour and Design." Energy and Buildings 35.8 (2003): 821-41. Web. Yohanis, Y., J. Mondol, A. Wright, and B. Norton. "Real-life Energy Use in the UK: How Occupancy and Dwelling Characteristics Affect Domestic Electricity Use." Energy and Buildings 40.6 (2008): 1053-059. Web. 52 APPENDIX A Figure A 1. Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access.倀氀 54 Figure A 2. Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access 55 Figure A 3 Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access⸀56 Figure A 4. Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access 57 Figure A 5. Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access58 Figure A 6. Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access59 Figure A 7. Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access 60 Figure A 8. Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access 61 Figure A 9. Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access62 Figure A 10. Due to confidentiality, the figure cannot be attached within the report, please contact SEEDS office if you wish access 63 Table A 1. Units Area Azalea House (Building A) Sumac House (Building B) Cascara House (Building C) Unit Area (ft2) Area (m2) Unit Area (ft2) Area (m2) Unit Area (ft2) Area (m2) 101 1083 100.61 101 999 92.81 101 751 69.77 102 1083 100.61 102 999 92.81 102 602 55.93 103 1292 120.03 103 978 90.86 103 762 70.79 104 1292 120.03 104 978 90.86 104 763 70.89 105 1292 120.03 105 999 92.81 105 781 72.56 106 1292 120.03 106 978 90.86 106 775 72.00 107 1292 120.03 107 983 91.32 107 790 73.39 108 1292 120.03 108 1010 93.83 108 790 73.39 109 1292 120.03 109 983 91.32 109 846 78.60 110 1083 100.61 110 999 92.81 201 799 74.23 111 1083 100.61 111 999 92.81 202 602 55.93 Total Area 13376 1242.67 112 978 90.86 203 762 70.79 113 978 90.86 204 762 70.79 114 999 92.81 205 781 72.56 115 999 92.81 206 775 72.00 116 1012 94.02 207 790 73.39 117 1010 93.83 208 790 73.39 118 983 91.32 209 1058 98.29 301 672 62.43 301 799 74.23 302 649 60.29 302 602 55.93 303 649 60.29 303 762 70.79 304 649 60.29 304 762 70.79 305 736 68.38 305 799 74.23 306 736 68.38 306 775 72.00 307 672 62.43 307 790 73.39 308 649 60.29 308 790 73.39 64 309 649 60.29 309 1058 98.29 310 672 62.43 401 812 75.44 311 736 68.38 402 602 55.93 312 736 68.38 403 762 70.79 401 672 62.43 404 762 70.79 402 649 60.29 405 812 75.44 403 649 60.29 406 788 73.21 404 649 60.29 407 790 73.39 405 736 68.38 408 790 73.39 406 736 68.38 409 1042 96.80 407 672 62.43 Total 28276 2626.93 408 649 60.29 Common Area 5256 488.30 409 649 60.29 Total Area 33532 3115.22 410 672 62.43 411 736 68.38 412 736 68.38 Total 34274 3184.16 Common Area 7639.99 709.78 Total Area 41913.99 3893.94 Table A 2. Heating Degree Days (HDDs) Month Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total 2009 487 392 406 264 166 53 31 40 84 239 321 485 2968 2010 332 307 324 258 187 101 41 44 91 208 384 407 2684 65 Table A 3. Azalea House Electricity Consumption for 2009 and 2010 Azalea House Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Total Electricity 2009 8453.39 7762.25 7373.1 7098.64 5366.63 4945.46 (kWh) 2010 7761.63 7006.04 6595.988 5643.92 4936.31 4825.82 Electricity per Heating Degree Days 2009 17.36 19.80 18.16 26.89 32.33 93.31 (kWh/HDDs) 2010 23.38 22.82 20.36 21.88 26.40 47.78 Electricity per Unit Area 2009 6.80 6.25 5.93 5.71 4.32 3.98 (kWh/m2) 2010 6.25 5.64 5.31 4.54 3.97 3.88 Azalea House Year July August September October November December Total Total Electricity 2009 4626.86 4280.52 4721.76 5754.35 5370.32 8621.54 74374.83 (kWh) 2010 2432.74 4643.86 4758.56 4545.79 5662.39 8357.06 67170.11 Electricity per Heating Degree Days 2009 149.25 107.01 56.21 24.08 16.73 17.78 578.91 (kWh/HDDs) 2010 59.34 105.54 52.29 21.85 14.75 20.53 436.91 Electricity per Unit Area 2009 3.72 3.44 3.80 4.63 4.32 6.94 59.85 (kWh/m2) 2010 1.96 3.74 3.83 3.66 4.56 6.73 54.05 Table A 4. Sumac House Electricity Consumption for 2009 and 2010 Sumac House Year January February March April May June Total Electricity 2009 18711.92 16975.79 15179.00 16601.82 13264.03 12065.08 (kWh) 2010 16636.14 15494.20 14874.43 13024.12 12326.56 12384.79 Electricity per Heating Degree Days 2009 38.42 43.31 37.39 62.89 79.90 227.64 (kWh/HDDs) 2010 50.11 50.47 45.91 50.48 65.92 122.62 Electricity per Unit Area 2009 5.88 5.33 4.77 5.21 4.17 3.79 (kWh/m2) 2010 5.22 4.87 4.67 4.09 3.87 3.89 Sumac House Year July August September October November December Total Total Electricity 2009 11597.39 11597.83 12088.43 14397.88 12812.05 17148.64 172439.87 (kWh) 2010 6387.40 11745.47 13110.97 12537.33 15573.20 17084.07 161178.67 Electricity per Heating Degree Days 2009 374.11 289.95 143.91 60.24 39.91 35.36 1433.03 (kWh/HDDs) 2010 155.79 266.94 144.08 60.28 40.56 41.98 1095.12 Electricity per Unit Area 2009 3.64 3.64 3.80 4.52 4.02 5.39 54.16 (kWh/m2) 2010 2.01 3.69 4.12 3.94 4.89 5.37 50.62 66 Table A 5. Cascara House Electricity Consumption for 2009 and 2010 Cascara House Year January February March April May June Total Electricity 2009 17323.40 15300.23 13767.19 13988.42 11298.57 11044.47 (kWh) 2010 14651.44 13524.04 12703.05 11659.20 11085.48 9991.61 Electricity per Heating Degree Days 2009 35.57 39.03 33.91 52.99 68.06 208.39 (kWh/HDDs) 2010 44.13 44.05 39.21 45.19 59.28 98.93 Electricity per Unit Area 2009 6.59 5.82 5.24 5.33 4.30 4.20 (kWh/m2) 2010 5.58 5.15 4.84 4.44 4.22 3.80 Cascara House Year July August September October November December Total Total Electricity 2009 9918.19 9580.68 10023.48 11687.59 11217.46 15954.50 151104.18 (kWh) 2010 4900.59 8680.67 9783.34 8957.24 11943.96 13797.29 131677.91 Electricity per Heating Degree Days 2009 319.94 239.52 119.33 48.90 34.95 32.90 1233.48 (kWh/HDDs) 2010 119.53 197.29 107.51 43.06 31.10 33.90 863.18 Electricity per Unit Area 2009 3.78 3.65 3.82 4.45 4.27 6.07 57.52 (kWh/m2) 2010 1.87 3.30 3.72 3.41 4.55 5.25 50.13 Table A 6. Total Gas Consumption for Azalea House for Year 2010 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total kWh 7517.8 12914.7 13860.4 12352.5 10465.5 9144.0 4465.7 7724.2 7695.4 7410.9 10451.1 9858.8 113861 kWh/m2 6.05 10.39 11.15 9.94 8.42 7.36 3.59 6.22 6.19 5.96 8.41 7.93 91.63 Table A 7. Gas Consumption for Domestic Hot Water Heating for Year 2010 – Azalea House Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total kWh 7517.8 7516.5 6884.9 6559.0 6620.9 6236.9 3147.2 5645.2 5460.7 5136.7 6068.7 1806.9 68601 kWh/m2 6.05 6.05 5.54 5.28 5.33 5.02 2.53 4.54 4.39 4.13 4.88 1.45 55.2 67 Table A 8. Gas Consumption for Fireplaces for Year 2010 – Azalea House Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total kWh - 5398.2 6975.5 5793.5 3844.6 2907.1 1318.4 2079.0 2234.7 2274.1 4382.5 8051.9 45259 kWh/m2 - 4.34 5.61 4.66 3.09 2.34 1.06 1.67 1.80 1.83 3.53 6.48 36.4 Table A 9. Total Gas Consumption for Sumac House and Cascara House for Year 2010 Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total kWh 102270 94275.1 94144.5 84553.4 70516.9 63455.7 26159.1 40491.8 46900.3 50120.5 84390.0 117875.0 875151 kWh/m2 14.59 13.45 13.43 12.06 10.06 9.05 3.73 5.78 6.69 7.15 12.04 16.82 124.86 Table A 10. Gas Consumption for Domestic Hot Water Heating for Year 2010 – Sumac House and Cascara House Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total kWh 60442.6 58977.5 59372.3 54208.5 50468.4 47574.2 20907.0 32737.9 36523.4 34200.7 49778.8 58049.5 563241 kWh/m2 8.62 8.41 8.47 7.73 7.20 6.79 2.98 4.67 5.21 4.88 7.10 8.28 80.4 Table A 11. Gas Consumption for Fireplaces for Year 2010 – Sumac House and Cascara House Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total kWh 41827.1 35297.5 34772.2 30344.8 20048.5 15881.5 5252.1 7753.9 10376.8 15919.8 34611.1 59825.0 311911 kWh/m2 5.97 5.04 4.96 4.33 2.86 2.27 0.75 1.11 1.48 2.27 4.94 8.54 44.5 Table A 12. Energy Consumption Summary – Azalea House Building Description: Date of Construction 2001 Number of Suites 11 Number of Floors 2 Total Unit Area 1,243 m2 13,376 ft2 Gross Floor Area 1,243 m2 13,376 ft2 Consumption and Distribution Summary: Gas and Electric Data from January 2010 to December 2010 Total Energy Total Energy 181,031 kWh Total Energy/Suite 16,457 kWh Total Energy/Floor Area 146 kWh/m2 % of Total Energy used for Space Heat 39 % % of Space Heat Energy is Gas 65 % % of Space Heat Energy is Elec 35 % Gas Total 113,861 kWh (excluding January 2010 data) Total Consumption /Floor Area 92 kWh/m2 Total Consumption/Suite 10,351 kWh Total Gas used for Space Heat 45,259 kWh % of Total Gas used for Space Heat 40 % Electricity Total 67,170 kWh Total Suite Consumption 67,170 kWh Total Suite Consumption used for Space Heat 24,710 kWh Total Common Consumption No Common Area Total Consumption/Floor Area 54 kWh/m2 Total Consumption/Suite 6,106 kWh Total Suite Consumption/Suite 6,106 kWh Total Common Consumption/Suite No Common Area % of Total Elec. used for Space Heat 37 % Table A 13. Energy Consumption Summary – Sumac House and Cascara House Building Description: Sumac House Cascara House Date of Construction 2001 2002 Number of Suites 42 36 Number of Floors 4 4 Total Unit Area 3,184 m2 2627 m2 34,274 ft2 28,276 ft2 Gross Floor Area 3,894 m2 3,115 m2 41,914 ft2 33,532 ft2 Consumption and Distribution Summary: Gas and Electric Data from January 2010 to December 2010 Total Energy Total Energy 1,328,776 kWh Total Energy/Suite 17,036 kWh Total Energy/Floor Area 190 kWh/m2 % of Total Energy used for Space Heat 34 % % of Space Heat Energy is Gas 69 % % of Space Heat Energy is Elec 31 % Gas Total 875,151 kWh * Total Consumption /Floor Area 151 kWh/m2 ** Total Consumption/Suite 11,220 kWh * Total Gas used for Space Heat 311,911 kWh * % of Total Gas used for Space Heat 36 % * Electricity Total Suite Consumption 161,179 kWh 131,678 kWh Total Suite Consumption used for Space Heat 52,381 kWh 50,190 kWh Total Common Consumption 160,768 kWh *** 70 Total Common Consumption used for Space Heat 37,426 kWh *** Total Consumption used for Space Heat 139,998 kWh Total Suite Consumption/Suite 3,838 kWh 3,658 kWh Total Common Consumption/Suite 2,061 kWh *** Total Consumption /Floor Area 65 kWh/m2 *** Total Consumption/Suite 308 kWh *** % of Suite Elec. used for Space Heat 32 % 38 % % of Total Common Elec. used for Space Heat 23 % *** * Sumac House and Cascara House share a single gas meter. The gas consumption values obtained were the total gas used by all suites in the two buildings. ** 'Floor Area' does not include common areas since the gas consumption obtained were for gas used in the suites only. *** The common area electricity obtained was the total common area electricity consumed in the two buildings. Hence, the calculated values are applicable to the buildings as a whole. Table A 14. Sample Size Statistical Data Azalea House Sample Size 3 (27.2%) 6 (54.5%) 9 (81.8%) Total (100%) Average 146.8 153.7 143.9 145.7 Minimum 142.4 136.1 116.6 116.6 Maximum 155.5 166.9 166.9 166.9 Median 142.6 154.0 142.6 144.7 Standard Deviation 7.5 11.7 15.4 14.4 % Avg. Difference from Total 0.78 5.49 -1.26 Sumac House Sample Size 7 (16.7%) 14 (33.3%) 21 (50%) 28 (66.6%) 35 (83.3%) Total (100%) Average 171.9 175.9 174.4 175.0 176.0 175.6 Minimum 144.9 141.7 141.7 141.7 141.7 141.7 Maximum 201.4 217.0 217.0 217.0 217.0 217.0 Median 170.6 171.2 171.5 169.7 170.6 171.7 Standard Deviation 19.7 19.8 21.1 21.4 20.1 20.3 % Avg. Difference from Total -2.14 0.13 -0.72 -0.34 0.20 Cascara House Sample Size 9 (25%) 18 (50%) 27 (75%) Total (100%) Average 172.4 177.1 172.9 174.7 Minimum 148.7 143.4 143.4 143.4 Maximum 193.8 217.3 217.3 217.3 Median 173.8 175.5 171.0 172.9 Standard Deviation 15.6 21.9 19.3 20.1 % Avg. Difference from Total -1.35 1.33 -1.06 APPENDIX B Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 1Consumption is in KWhBuilding No Suite No 07-Jan 07-Feb 07-Mar 07-Apr 07-May 07-Jun 07-Jul 07-Aug 07-Sep 07-Oct 07-Nov 07-Dec 08-Jan 08-Feb 08-Mar 08-Apr 08-May 08-Jun1 1 610 209 100 100 105 191 225 250 253 341 361 543 613 386 360 278 260 230 1 2 1,186 803 808 573 500 470 482 469 451 678 740 864 905 622 603 522 515 458 1 3 1,136 857 897 673 609 484 468 454 437 682 752 1,015 1,113 878 894 665 611 479 1 4 1,393 1,035 1,079 599 549 517 123 267 308 424 451 681 769 594 600 417 368 308 1 5 793 603 632 490 452 370 361 370 363 511 548 726 791 588 586 475 455 392 1 6 966 871 964 674 582 217 115 306 361 633 715 943 1,027 804 816 543 469 375 1 7 1,382 1,074 1,137 730 590 400 360 333 314 770 921 1,457 1,663 1,181 1,158 598 422 387 1 8 243 511 990 633 510 426 420 458 456 801 906 1,198 1,305 1,032 645 377 307 299 1 9 1,195 862 888 629 547 469 465 480 470 879 1,007 1,409 1,561 1,236 1,259 799 667 521 1 10 752 744 620 482 446 245 195 263 278 656 781 859 881 686 695 506 460 223 1 11 562 415 431 255 192 191 199 206 203 368 419 649 738 486 463 277 222 186 1 12 216 449 574 360 285 78 19 275 353 1,379 1,737 218 845 590 575 499 431 588 1 13 1,121 884 940 822 48 62 69 192 228 308 327 335 334 274 282 232 225 197 1 14 776 573 596 475 447 426 267 312 318 713 842 926 948 645 622 392 325 301 1 15 1,055 748 767 596 666 440 391 468 479 806 903 1,084 1,146 899 193 261 297 240 1 16 896 668 698 593 577 538 550 543 334 664 769 1,123 1,257 969 979 729 671 514 1 17 470 281 267 209 194 226 246 240 231 344 375 489 530 348 331 252 233 217 1 18 774 647 701 574 547 529 546 551 535 717 759 672 625 562 595 550 559 503 1 19 923 405 275 362 423 516 567 489 448 764 858 1,143 1,248 663 568 466 450 428 1 20 748 539 556 482 474 645 725 573 503 554 549 593 604 518 540 518 533 685 1 21 2,195 1,708 1,808 1,350 1,218 639 491 753 817 1,462 1,659 1,854 1,911 1,648 1,722 1,186 1,045 833 1 22 313 318 364 277 253 236 482 493 482 591 608 593 579 516 544 461 450 407 1 23 1,028 691 694 664 436 490 528 546 536 611 613 613 604 600 651 513 486 487 1 24 873 717 763 634 655 491 462 519 521 730 782 1,014 1,098 886 899 659 702 503 1 25 792 606 638 486 445 410 418 438 433 647 706 878 939 680 672 520 488 406 1 26 832 394 329 325 339 309 313 328 323 520 577 707 752 540 531 372 330 298 1 27 545 361 359 314 309 306 319 286 267 317 324 411 443 349 354 317 318 258 1 28 1,028 493 438 281 228 157 143 178 186 337 384 525 577 491 511 335 285 218 1 29 896 692 732 575 535 512 527 486 313 430 459 736 843 625 622 339 252 302 1 30 695 743 856 544 436 462 491 431 398 626 691 857 916 736 753 520 458 488 1 31 687 469 473 281 212 207 215 232 233 559 667 814 864 590 570 306 223 214 1 32 635 546 595 576 595 345 284 306 305 670 789 1,141 1,274 816 767 463 373 316 1 33 1,355 943 958 686 602 470 451 468 460 884 1,018 1,293 1,392 1,137 1,169 832 747 516 1 34 952 759 811 554 471 446 458 474 464 723 797 1,048 1,140 837 831 514 422 357 1 35 617 511 553 233 107 141 368 337 317 492 540 676 725 638 671 429 360 317 1 36 1,499 1,207 1,292 903 779 325 201 188 382 715 787 912 952 782 806 493 509 335 1 37 797 403 351 263 239 218 222 224 218 331 362 525 586 373 350 240 211 208 1 38 412 1,353 1,795 1,137 909 610 546 447 400 1,245 1,534 2,063 2,258 1,516 1,455 822 629 592 1 39 784 617 655 504 464 394 390 432 434 615 661 830 890 646 638 472 432 360 1 40 788 391 336 324 335 318 327 367 368 625 701 961 1,058 707 678 514 278 300 1 41 1,130 621 566 306 209 217 230 242 240 491 571 847 952 598 558 380 331 275 1 42 914 604 602 400 333 222 198 206 203 413 480 585 622 320 270 233 229 195 1 43 1,605 1,840 2,155 1,368 1,096 690 597 431 361 550 602 817 896 777 699 635 701 550 1 Strata 11,670 10,136 11,100 10,249 10,372 9,888 10,170 10,059 9,697 10,526 10,387 10,857 10,908 9,857 10,440 9,975 10,260 9,620 Consumption (KWh)74 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 1Consumption is in KWhBuilding No Suite No 08-Jul 08-Aug 08-Sep 08-Oct 08-Nov 08-Dec 09-Jan 09-Feb 09-Mar 09-Apr 09-May 09-Jun 09-Jul 09-Aug 09-Sep 09-Oct 09-Nov 09-Dec1 1 230 252 250 202 176 502 595 285 255 245 253 242 469 514 508 680 694 717 1 2 458 445 427 525 537 800 871 674 720 510 479 446 456 444 427 592 608 706 1 3 453 461 448 540 549 1,048 1,189 939 1,007 587 506 434 431 440 428 664 694 834 1 4 300 325 322 441 464 743 819 631 673 453 417 427 449 414 392 618 647 741 1 5 386 408 401 368 340 693 793 547 566 417 398 368 375 363 349 326 308 542 1 6 359 369 360 557 601 977 1,081 733 753 565 541 482 485 464 445 665 691 808 1 7 177 251 264 799 950 1,693 1,901 1,280 1,312 808 669 412 582 667 665 1,011 1,053 1,089 1 8 309 321 315 684 783 1,474 1,668 1,196 1,250 759 667 420 363 354 340 855 945 1,286 1 9 491 499 485 1,015 1,155 1,585 1,699 1,322 1,412 814 699 579 568 576 560 1,167 1,266 1,237 1 10 147 236 254 463 516 800 878 713 770 448 387 442 478 438 414 584 601 756 1 11 181 183 177 284 309 596 676 472 489 246 195 179 182 205 204 437 476 492 1 12 648 584 548 642 647 1,054 1,167 883 936 605 547 578 612 554 522 728 749 772 1 13 196 210 207 367 407 421 943 510 401 272 251 206 202 245 247 456 488 373 1 14 306 253 230 421 469 810 905 668 704 302 213 323 370 288 257 185 506 644 1 15 229 239 234 301 311 468 510 322 323 217 199 202 211 242 241 366 381 590 1 16 480 370 328 417 431 807 913 673 241 363 409 429 454 419 398 578 598 540 1 17 221 220 212 253 257 475 537 341 343 233 215 207 213 233 230 248 543 434 1 18 506 473 361 451 432 598 642 514 553 389 364 355 367 385 376 524 538 530 1 19 440 350 314 591 662 1,110 1,234 640 595 372 331 184 147 351 388 704 751 815 1 20 771 630 570 586 566 666 689 533 569 541 556 633 684 411 334 359 350 417 1 21 255 588 663 895 936 1,509 1,667 1,150 1,187 787 719 292 171 175 178 800 915 1,088 1 22 410 381 360 469 486 502 209 54 39 96 202 233 252 241 231 255 251 561 1 23 509 531 520 581 577 543 528 385 172 262 294 501 586 402 346 438 442 476 1 24 454 469 458 686 721 1,057 1,150 969 1,051 632 574 545 561 554 535 801 833 906 1 25 394 381 364 592 646 969 1,057 771 810 497 439 363 356 359 348 658 706 733 1 26 299 278 263 456 503 520 792 195 28 251 411 695 811 545 465 442 419 530 1 27 248 252 245 302 309 458 499 356 372 316 314 281 284 278 280 556 600 624 1 28 204 212 208 259 265 487 549 374 384 265 246 156 135 159 159 379 416 474 1 29 334 335 325 428 446 929 1,066 730 753 501 458 392 390 435 431 724 765 950 1 30 521 476 448 594 620 1,005 1,111 813 855 495 424 557 621 446 390 683 726 917 1 31 220 202 191 244 252 498 568 445 476 247 200 203 213 207 199 313 328 451 1 32 309 315 307 548 609 600 1,130 575 530 451 450 380 375 399 391 590 615 648 1 33 456 502 498 818 894 1,322 1,438 1,113 1,188 703 611 482 464 921 997 770 685 1,108 1 34 349 346 334 486 517 781 853 644 682 402 349 321 326 367 328 7 51 37 1 35 315 235 205 384 429 727 809 489 483 318 289 266 271 238 222 458 496 587 1 36 287 378 391 911 1,053 1,660 1,827 1,200 1,220 511 355 392 421 454 447 720 757 794 1 37 216 188 257 484 474 603 636 566 625 431 399 374 382 366 351 535 558 561 1 38 107 216 240 295 302 608 694 358 332 242 229 195 193 207 204 332 349 440 1 39 350 339 326 493 530 800 874 575 586 517 60 363 471 646 665 973 1,008 1,073 1 40 322 345 340 485 503 925 1,022 709 719 355 275 311 336 336 136 409 475 575 1 41 267 245 231 429 479 904 1,024 649 652 352 291 234 227 242 238 547 600 772 1 42 192 162 148 393 461 794 887 489 466 221 169 156 159 181 180 401 438 571 1 43 520 611 617 923 969 1,558 1,724 1,262 1,307 700 707 568 553 669 674 1,123 1,185 1,243 1 Strata 9,804 9,716 9,377 12,049 12,454 12,869 12,869 11,624 12,609 4,410 4,500 8,123 9,579 9,600 9,295 10,278 10,103 10,414 75 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 1Consumption is in KWhBuilding No Suite No 10-Jan 10-Feb 10-Mar 10-Apr 10-May 10-Jun 10-Jul 10-Aug 10-Sep 10-Oct 10-Nov 10-Dec 11-Jan 11-Feb 11-Mar 11-Apr 11-May 11-Jun 11-Jul1 1 717 454 431 117 27 156 210 230 229 377 397 706 793 674 728 487 447 294 260 1 2 729 568 596 516 515 423 409 442 439 553 558 660 685 581 627 606 166 269 298 1 3 868 679 714 664 678 570 557 553 534 584 1,012 1,158 1,191 991 1,059 658 586 301 228 1 4 762 577 598 507 502 374 345 280 249 450 480 654 700 572 606 404 370 318 58 1 5 607 462 479 387 376 345 350 386 386 442 438 613 660 524 548 287 234 209 211 1 6 836 635 658 573 572 568 587 740 768 1,028 1,050 1,275 1,331 1,093 1,162 878 844 762 770 1 7 1,089 957 1,049 828 797 659 638 611 582 1,088 1,166 1,412 1,472 1,212 1,290 955 912 689 652 1 8 1,377 1,073 1,124 474 154 308 325 349 346 1,006 1,124 1,347 1,401 1,008 1,002 644 562 206 456 1 9 1,217 1,090 1,204 757 654 610 622 582 550 1,066 1,147 1,409 1,474 1,232 1,320 860 781 579 544 1 10 796 536 525 429 419 408 423 331 290 649 709 636 608 698 838 499 435 265 225 1 11 492 380 397 266 238 207 205 219 217 476 519 504 495 392 410 255 227 218 225 1 12 772 635 680 522 497 564 614 565 530 719 736 1,227 1,363 517 257 486 563 520 530 1 13 335 318 357 242 217 198 200 216 214 296 304 353 364 329 348 222 209 347 404 1 14 680 432 411 392 403 300 276 240 45 279 773 926 963 870 646 462 425 356 350 1 15 647 584 647 188 29 375 518 507 488 725 753 803 811 653 688 551 540 512 226 1 16 517 419 446 432 267 312 378 384 374 452 452 555 581 478 509 364 343 277 284 1 17 397 376 422 318 300 217 197 232 237 251 406 546 583 513 562 359 323 332 349 1 18 522 479 534 392 367 343 575 809 722 609 557 553 546 473 515 469 477 508 540 1 19 826 582 583 472 459 496 533 456 415 718 762 1,023 1,091 815 827 582 545 424 406 1 20 433 286 277 259 252 257 271 322 328 643 692 787 808 655 692 477 312 347 373 1 21 1,129 815 827 640 611 587 605 522 477 871 930 1,086 1,122 870 900 676 649 570 571 1 22 650 567 620 449 417 401 414 414 400 678 718 787 801 619 638 335 274 257 263 1 23 482 353 360 258 238 328 375 399 394 708 755 943 990 817 871 671 649 392 331 1 24 920 747 795 604 572 467 450 446 430 654 682 793 819 735 812 497 439 352 342 1 25 735 665 736 507 459 350 326 353 351 646 690 797 821 718 785 552 517 364 333 1 26 559 535 604 430 396 320 438 480 479 574 574 715 750 682 757 543 512 442 440 1 27 625 331 281 362 403 219 162 312 352 516 535 547 545 415 425 352 349 282 275 1 28 487 403 432 310 287 237 229 230 223 519 569 844 918 767 822 566 525 324 277 1 29 997 654 633 466 436 393 395 312 288 699 677 933 1,002 819 869 612 573 541 555 1 30 966 631 609 452 425 469 506 423 382 827 900 1,132 1,191 897 914 545 476 421 423 1 31 484 366 379 255 229 223 232 234 227 290 294 392 417 321 331 278 277 243 243 1 32 652 515 543 465 461 390 382 458 469 615 626 563 1,308 1,193 1,249 909 862 599 546 1 33 1,225 997 1,064 727 656 401 326 407 421 973 1,067 1,201 1,230 1,214 1,390 964 898 529 440 1 34 33 34 405 190 133 149 162 149 140 407 455 478 480 319 302 165 138 139 145 1 35 609 329 283 215 203 202 218 256 260 644 710 913 965 810 869 544 486 353 329 1 36 798 203 34 32 300 518 518 477 447 911 986 961 944 797 858 534 475 441 450 1 37 77 254 631 484 460 355 333 348 342 701 760 1,016 1,084 979 700 510 490 398 388 1 38 463 352 365 249 225 195 193 221 224 231 443 781 694 557 586 439 421 377 381 1 39 1,082 815 842 658 631 574 580 569 547 929 983 1,016 476 603 460 400 402 331 324 1 40 599 142 209 191 194 265 303 377 389 573 594 654 666 267 414 251 220 314 357 1 41 817 497 462 339 317 264 257 266 260 150 118 132 135 597 872 530 467 299 261 1 42 605 404 394 231 191 159 154 161 158 342 372 523 563 369 346 221 200 168 166 76 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 2Consumption is in KWhBuilding NoSuite No 07-1 07-2 07-3 07-4 07-5 07-6 07-7 07-8 07-9 07-10 07-11 07-12 08-1 08-2 08-3 08-4 08-5 08-6 08-7 08-8 08-9 08-10 08-11 08-12 09-1 09-2 09-3 09-4 09-5 09-6 09-7 09-82 1 89 114 146 148 179 177 173 172 110 109 89 87 84 30 44 46 112 124 54 46 19 18 23 24 30 32 32 2 2 242 130 123 64 60 64 235 235 227 441 456 508 514 558 614 442 389 135 101 46 32 28 26 216 237 190 208 42 32 32 33 35 2 3 20 156 256 291 301 293 423 427 580 601 399 399 250 223 209 21 24 29 22 19 28 29 16 17 22 23 29 31 30 2 4 801 501 501 273 257 216 215 218 212 309 312 558 593 358 349 314 318 226 14 21 25 18 16 345 380 136 123 27 21 28 30 29 2 5 619 619 776 339 303 215 202 206 426 599 602 681 690 595 627 592 190 194 13 21 25 17 14 922 1,020 773 836 218 182 46 33 33 2 6 751 478 340 273 275 281 295 304 296 421 424 392 385 203 58 106 102 156 31 501 555 419 453 139 122 37 29 190 2 7 536 475 524 506 523 411 400 435 429 480 470 518 523 471 500 393 381 173 148 56 33 22 19 614 678 606 671 284 266 58 37 37 2 8 943 660 695 571 562 414 394 472 475 727 738 779 782 645 675 551 543 456 4 77 92 72 64 242 261 228 252 248 257 79 63 63 2 9 254 253 286 193 190 189 197 173 162 350 365 390 392 319 333 240 226 219 3,126 2,307 2,020 1,347 1,131 396 313 512 598 407 408 123 96 96 2 10 397 312 334 166 153 84 70 107 112 300 317 337 339 280 294 135 101 99 7 139 144 67 61 61 2 11 166 153 84 70 107 112 300 317 337 339 280 294 139 139 144 67 61 61 2 12 295 241 261 207 208 202 209 193 183 224 222 260 265 224 236 223 230 184 12 73 75 108 116 121 2 13 207 208 202 209 193 183 224 222 260 265 224 236 73 73 75 108 116 121 2 14 200 318 332 317 326 291 294 182 176 571 605 354 343 303 306 277 18 110 114 208 226 129 2 15 317 326 291 294 182 176 571 605 354 343 110 110 114 208 226 129 2 16 619 344 329 250 250 219 221 229 224 305 306 365 373 270 276 238 238 101 84 3 77 79 128 139 139 2 17 250 250 219 221 229 224 305 306 365 373 270 276 77 77 79 128 139 139 2 18 329 289 318 291 299 261 263 306 306 300 288 365 375 327 345 278 273 229 35 36 51 55 85 2 19 291 299 261 263 306 306 300 288 365 375 327 345 35 35 36 51 55 85 2 20 386 234 232 239 249 436 501 488 469 522 510 628 644 502 520 447 447 377 12 37 38 109 121 113 2 21 239 249 436 501 488 469 522 510 628 644 502 520 37 37 38 109 121 113 2 22 379 283 299 190 185 188 196 191 183 299 305 379 388 353 376 254 234 165 5 42 43 130 145 105 2 23 190 185 188 196 191 183 299 305 379 388 353 376 42 42 43 130 145 105 2 24 312 420 598 428 425 443 467 431 409 582 586 679 690 639 682 550 574 1,557 1,804 1,947 1,917 1,865 1,778 179 2 63 78 424 464 144 114 114 2 25 1,322 913 777 410 384 243 218 273 278 677 711 1,010 1,051 871 912 528 454 439 495 408 374 908 1,000 1,714 1,787 1,142 1,202 403 360 174 160 160 2 26 283 234 254 223 228 195 195 182 144 201 202 69 49 149 177 151 151 139 388 341 320 522 549 859 890 644 692 382 374 162 144 132 2 27 279 361 349 361 349 361 363 352 434 430 449 450 339 349 339 350 178 145 58 36 37 36 458 503 315 331 78 63 28 26 26 2 28 205 84 510 484 491 431 435 440 428 460 448 588 607 482 500 452 459 201 181 56 26 20 18 258 284 94 83 28 24 33 35 35 2 29 321 271 297 259 264 288 305 281 267 285 277 293 295 270 287 298 313 192 86 41 29 21 18 566 625 490 533 153 131 42 34 20 2 30 43 274 359 265 264 256 259 346 359 460 458 582 598 492 514 403 390 213 93 41 28 20 17 418 461 229 229 42 30 33 35 40 2 31 99 11 344 204 178 370 402 766 792 681 661 438 438 123 49 46 33 30 29 19 16 509 562 431 468 87 62 41 40 38 2 32 236 313 371 124 101 97 100 100 295 431 422 505 516 434 456 360 352 320 31 37 27 24 466 513 426 468 129 109 49 45 61 2 33 448 367 398 230 220 218 227 244 241 323 323 442 458 97 47 555 705 188 117 46 28 20 18 396 437 59 21 25 26 33 36 35 2 34 323 400 297 292 303 200 182 182 153 152 337 333 359 330 336 159 128 45 24 57 63 392 428 345 376 115 101 33 27 58 2 35 165 316 268 228 232 207 209 196 186 277 280 314 318 340 371 296 290 344 6,207 4,146 3,534 2,670 1,788 4,015 4,330 2,454 2,523 392 254 37 14 58 2 36 122 160 189 158 161 179 191 243 248 158 139 155 157 200 223 220 228 161 30 254 263 44 22 21 2 37 158 161 179 191 243 248 158 139 155 157 200 223 254 254 263 44 22 21 2 38 8 260 230 235 200 199 228 228 308 308 386 396 319 333 286 287 241 354 366 51 18 17 2 39 230 235 200 199 228 228 308 308 386 396 319 333 354 354 366 51 18 17 2 40 300 478 624 424 418 251 220 389 416 881 918 1,166 1,199 791 790 463 400 291 28 165 171 48 37 36 Consumption (KWh)77 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 3Consumption is in KWhBuilding No Suite No 07-4 07-5 07-6 07-7 07-8 07-9 07-10 07-11 07-12 08-1 08-2 08-3 08-4 08-5 08-6 08-7 08-8 08-9 08-10 08-113 1 665 719 396 267 239 225 1,144 1,238 1,597 1,645 1,170 1,188 456 291 219 217 231 226 472 512 3 2 1,053 1,125 687 605 610 729 393 329 518 544 400 409 371 377 362 373 337 318 342 334 3 3 805 860 325 105 129 135 251 256 264 1,315 770 733 552 529 268 238 214 202 578 646 3 4 554 591 518 47 57 188 892 963 1,596 1,685 1,001 972 655 602 329 299 169 134 679 783 3 5 584 625 337 180 89 525 543 526 758 790 459 17 22 3 6 969 1,010 208 172 351 399 852 888 217 114 880 1,613 683 453 618 668 988 1,030 1,051 1,014 3 7 464 496 480 309 111 107 423 454 924 991 641 636 301 230 78 16 149 175 337 363 3 8 578 618 598 378 122 116 659 715 1,174 1,238 898 915 580 520 159 109 185 196 610 684 3 9 715 764 739 394 238 422 1,047 1,101 983 960 754 782 428 357 106 72 161 177 599 676 3 10 871 932 200 20 20 20 156 171 604 668 634 680 309 229 110 95 85 80 419 483 3 11 438 468 453 416 361 349 770 804 1,063 1,097 821 843 640 616 112 39 39 211 254 250 3 12 622 672 346 224 193 179 510 540 549 548 489 519 348 318 188 175 422 466 463 444 3 13 562 601 303 241 240 234 532 557 651 663 331 304 305 317 279 284 258 243 256 249 3 14 795 850 742 16 16 17 277 305 312 312 289 309 267 268 249 255 301 301 306 295 3 15 452 483 468 252 85 86 507 550 881 927 597 592 138 30 734 870 425 308 314 303 3 16 729 779 584 195 195 190 1,076 1,167 1,175 1,170 1,186 1,283 855 784 539 522 571 564 957 1,013 3 17 633 677 655 662 646 625 646 625 964 1,012 526 491 435 286 175 164 148 140 278 299 3 18 389 420 199 122 122 120 373 396 770 824 666 694 411 357 266 263 316 318 580 620 3 19 268 286 435 436 289 279 980 1,048 1,349 1,388 1,128 1,177 683 588 542 15 459 444 1,016 1,113 3 20 515 551 533 425 283 42 1,113 1,230 1,440 1,466 931 920 530 454 304 292 355 358 843 925 3 21 516 551 409 124 124 120 466 500 702 730 526 535 314 272 155 143 149 145 678 779 3 22 515 551 460 229 229 223 352 358 599 633 430 432 313 296 268 275 249 235 313 320 3 23 424 454 439 266 45 43 65 62 443 500 466 498 300 263 189 185 206 204 512 565 3 24 516 551 389 357 357 345 539 547 710 731 636 672 477 448 405 414 353 327 301 172 3 25 866 925 353 385 373 11 392 434 668 700 491 497 387 375 254 246 287 287 626 683 3 26 503 538 520 340 129 125 148 146 277 296 173 167 76 56 44 44 44 295 641 673 3 27 641 694 422 299 299 290 299 290 670 725 485 486 264 219 278 298 201 172 262 273 3 28 520 555 537 348 126 126 403 429 313 294 400 449 222 174 168 174 285 301 377 380 3 29 799 854 307 95 11 339 187 177 296 337 99 66 198 222 503 550 3 30 822 879 850 454 9 142 984 1,073 1,321 1,353 978 996 594 519 163 115 178 187 719 818 3 31 731 781 189 43 43 44 933 1,030 881 854 317 257 91 53 38 37 108 120 212 225 3 32 527 563 545 458 345 334 683 709 954 987 687 695 363 296 157 142 179 173 494 551 3 33 796 831 232 239 210 195 1,428 1,558 1,937 1,985 837 721 371 299 186 176 176 109 394 445 3 34 315 337 148 140 126 77 333 359 860 933 530 509 305 266 245 253 290 281 323 321 3 35 668 714 691 406 1,167 1,130 1,167 1,130 - 1,424 572 473 310 282 230 231 246 241 494 534 3 36 714 741 73 75 34 21 595 658 821 993 315 232 226 233 226 234 204 190 384 415 3 37 412 447 296 218 219 219 388 398 614 644 540 567 303 248 127 114 184 195 707 802 3 38 373 399 168 61 67 112 298 315 348 1,012 409 345 189 158 160 166 173 169 173 168 3 39 760 813 181 143 108 109 1,326 1,458 1,666 1,690 1,387 1,449 680 515 322 304 474 498 917 981 78 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 4Consumption is in KWhBuilding NoSuite No 07-1 07-2 07-3 07-4 07-5 07-6 07-7 07-8 07-9 07-10 07-11 07-12 08-1 08-2 08-3 08-4 08-5 08-6 08-7 08-8 08-9 08-10 08-11 08-12 09-1 09-2 09-34 1 411 412 466 345 340 278 275 331 336 309 286 335 343 321 343 337 350 327 137 249 261 322 324 545 562 571 624 4 2 414 261 261 136 122 181 204 189 179 298 326 641 700 350 306 162 125 140 149 142 136 242 258 512 548 534 596 4 3 909 668 703 519 510 530 557 592 584 677 680 706 707 605 634 494 472 474 493 484 466 536 531 811 850 655 710 4 4 677 558 603 396 380 185 144 227 244 439 488 692 728 509 505 379 356 185 159 261 276 446 469 682 711 532 574 4 5 155 243 294 129 109 119 126 253 280 196 159 164 163 147 157 270 279 267 275 253 240 424 452 902 966 639 677 4 6 1,759 1,058 1,044 723 701 489 456 239 535 870 948 974 973 913 977 694 638 - 43 491 278 300 293 451 473 404 444 4 7 420 441 503 353 330 257 249 247 239 460 517 534 972 882 943 775 370 310 348 346 334 436 443 759 803 583 626 4 8 515 327 328 276 279 220 215 241 242 296 302 396 412 349 365 248 222 222 231 228 220 262 262 444 470 373 406 4 9 185 161 177 153 155 170 181 159 148 167 166 180 182 165 176 154 153 152 158 155 150 168 166 201 205 170 186 4 10 210 219 249 206 207 154 147 134 128 105 92 83 81 69 72 52 48 47 49 49 48 46 43 55 56 90 106 4 11 126 65 60 44 44 41 42 66 70 73 284 316 223 133 126 253 302 126 96 98 96 358 407 811 869 719 788 4 12 376 303 327 260 260 236 240 219 207 222 215 288 301 375 422 226 176 77 60 81 83 179 195 393 422 324 351 4 13 355 196 187 129 125 104 103 107 105 220 250 119 93 59 57 52 53 51 69 174 182 173 164 169 655 405 382 4 14 267 162 160 153 157 139 140 151 150 245 267 291 294 196 192 151 144 125 127 132 129 159 160 153 151 232 270 4 15 388 672 822 530 506 276 231 244 240 235 223 448 489 393 365 371 388 292 285 243 226 397 423 701 740 537 577 4 16 530 460 505 430 435 475 505 474 450 477 465 513 519 471 500 486 502 506 527 474 447 537 537 525 520 435 477 4 17 813 603 636 532 536 504 76 324 384 442 443 679 721 488 480 356 334 296 173 284 301 335 330 716 772 533 568 4 18 256 261 295 267 273 229 228 193 178 272 292 376 391 282 283 270 276 226 225 284 288 345 345 370 371 354 394 4 19 387 338 372 396 415 392 402 383 365 404 399 477 489 470 504 420 405 405 421 434 422 596 598 786 793 619 655 4 20 586 559 625 437 425 306 290 301 295 487 533 826 879 658 667 453 407 305 297 282 269 351 356 593 626 509 556 4 21 292 226 240 128 115 73 66 75 76 166 190 269 283 210 212 130 110 65 59 97 102 206 223 322 336 284 312 4 22 519 503 565 454 455 375 371 266 227 121 74 112 248 186 189 161 160 140 40 102 298 354 354 379 381 322 354 4 23 299 259 284 258 264 244 250 262 258 311 317 366 374 297 305 269 270 242 246 239 229 243 237 319 330 324 363 4 24 632 459 480 354 348 280 275 302 301 383 395 487 502 417 434 401 408 367 374 358 343 410 409 563 583 455 494 4 25 657 479 502 460 471 401 401 401 345 330 408 593 626 464 469 332 304 154 131 120 113 384 434 542 555 477 525 4 26 404 360 396 287 281 268 276 195 166 162 153 270 292 116 89 75 75 88 95 73 65 54 49 64 66 63 160 4 27 590 288 260 345 372 195 159 269 291 380 395 365 357 422 471 442 60 59 61 146 161 168 163 147 144 148 167 4 28 273 214 229 214 219 178 175 237 248 306 313 443 467 341 343 254 237 251 264 202 180 237 242 270 273 176 185 4 29 924 612 624 583 599 579 39 188 375 427 435 379 399 331 325 228 218 241 239 392 413 501 512 402 437 4 30 361 285 309 234 240 188 183 275 292 349 354 487 510 381 382 220 222 140 130 177 182 285 298 356 363 326 361 4 31 376 343 381 215 198 111 89 310 364 595 649 514 374 120 249 229 233 225 232 232 224 475 517 448 154 254 296 4 32 326 301 335 231 224 203 206 206 177 180 183 148 140 144 157 144 139 134 138 76 58 103 110 112 111 143 166 4 33 186 216 251 49 75 174 196 195 227 232 191 199 194 201 117 205 197 189 218 216 286 295 283 316 4 34 368 320 365 282 280 186 170 189 188 243 252 343 360 278 281 209 222 176 174 201 201 230 228 252 254 238 265 4 35 381 340 375 344 352 341 346 141 95 127 132 189 200 158 162 106 94 57 53 125 138 148 144 209 218 167 182 Consumption (KWh)79 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 5Consumption is in KWhBuilding NoSuite No 07-1 07-2 07-3 07-4 07-5 07-6 07-7 07-8 07-9 07-10 07-11 07-12 08-1 08-2 08-3 08-4 08-5 08-6 08-7 08-8 08-9 08-10 08-11 08-12 09-1 09-2 09-35 1 10 286 317 269 272 170 83 27 834 834 524 503 155 55 86 156 131 121 145 144 167 164 5 2 917 641 649 355 324 233 221 240 239 553 638 789 814 635 650 418 365 320 324 377 377 626 661 1,087 1,147 892 969 5 3 992 952 1,066 805 795 663 658 739 740 853 855 853 848 734 772 614 592 489 489 493 478 750 785 690 672 456 485 5 4 839 648 691 603 613 535 539 538 520 504 477 458 458 421 285 311 211 236 243 208 193 256 261 503 537 513 572 5 5 1,211 966 1,039 736 717 527 502 562 562 949 1,043 1,553 1,644 1,264 1,290 897 815 532 496 385 347 652 700 1,397 1,497 1,096 1,180 5 6 107 83 88 85 309 375 361 315 294 433 462 609 635 561 592 425 393 367 377 404 397 467 465 882 941 683 735 5 7 554 463 503 416 419 337 330 355 350 407 409 532 554 465 486 471 487 459 96 96 92 95 399 548 533 427 465 5 8 191 112 108 94 95 99 104 92 86 136 147 277 301 222 225 156 141 106 103 100 96 80 73 330 367 201 206 5 9 156 221 264 196 193 229 280 324 326 376 378 427 434 444 484 468 118 254 291 303 297 478 502 676 699 549 598 5 10 249 244 274 235 238 217 221 227 223 251 249 264 266 229 240 225 231 121 104 182 194 238 239 244 244 212 233 5 11 327 298 329 280 283 216 208 241 244 259 253 253 252 292 325 260 252 276 292 303 296 288 274 274 273 324 369 5 12 727 524 548 387 377 262 244 351 371 441 447 610 638 553 582 447 425 358 359 338 322 350 342 561 592 765 878 5 13 350 320 355 323 331 291 293 281 269 364 382 358 351 320 340 309 313 286 292 323 320 340 331 352 353 285 311 5 14 680 327 292 200 194 187 194 198 195 327 358 544 578 267 225 175 166 165 172 187 185 219 218 392 417 257 269 5 15 540 452 491 211 180 286 325 325 136 338 441 674 717 639 675 576 584 446 437 400 378 582 593 813 824 722 796 5 16 34 111 142 54 42 75 86 168 185 191 185 366 399 595 685 245 122 93 91 70 63 113 121 667 748 309 293 5 17 780 674 739 598 599 494 489 418 386 615 667 778 795 822 897 756 745 526 503 523 511 756 785 1,356 1,437 1,079 1,166 5 18 716 521 546 333 313 229 217 259 263 425 462 668 705 561 578 396 357 235 220 228 223 441 476 857 911 745 815 5 19 895 633 658 480 471 387 382 424 425 700 766 1,075 1,130 950 992 689 626 325 278 264 252 110 72 567 640 245 227 5 20 643 557 610 527 534 516 313 249 248 294 298 361 371 319 334 284 292 315 333 327 315 342 335 496 507 366 389 5 21 242 251 285 195 198 333 344 370 367 572 619 794 824 769 822 662 642 339 292 242 223 215 204 444 478 476 533 5 22 376 348 388 359 369 318 319 278 257 271 263 305 312 221 221 103 71 112 125 138 136 242 257 406 426 375 414 5 23 613 465 493 371 366 373 390 351 329 383 385 444 453 372 386 309 299 106 72 65 61 49 44 117 412 329 358 5 24 396 300 319 299 308 263 263 271 265 275 267 310 316 290 309 213 193 224 411 333 304 310 299 564 602 459 497 5 25 505 372 392 320 321 314 326 342 336 383 383 483 500 391 401 318 306 283 290 292 337 322 305 258 250 263 297 5 26 1,143 894 957 365 246 238 206 297 323 512 555 732 762 563 562 399 431 383 389 422 417 700 722 1,181 1,246 883 920 5 27 1,685 1,484 1,634 954 847 314 197 236 240 508 579 650 660 470 420 285 58 368 409 466 461 802 850 657 713 5 28 308 569 700 130 47 257 320 371 375 351 327 362 367 300 311 358 387 329 331 300 283 375 382 413 415 336 367 5 29 445 289 291 187 179 148 147 170 172 298 329 418 433 253 237 196 191 178 183 173 165 189 187 376 402 279 298 5 30 756 622 675 582 590 531 539 385 235 380 414 513 530 441 459 354 337 253 247 272 269 366 374 120 80 35 34 5 31 379 290 308 237 235 222 228 221 212 298 315 359 366 300 311 271 270 234 236 214 202 397 428 427 424 308 331 5 32 333 303 336 319 329 309 317 310 299 396 413 336 319 338 371 291 279 239 237 138 133 120 112 183 193 140 151 5 33 400 326 352 287 288 265 270 298 298 391 407 550 575 519 550 430 412 326 322 442 456 504 496 656 677 577 634 5 34 371 266 295 272 207 200 207 260 267 503 564 737 767 625 647 499 476 287 236 240 267 311 309 438 456 341 368 5 35 369 334 369 302 311 279 283 315 316 347 343 332 328 288 304 234 223 259 277 283 275 311 307 414 428 288 306 5 36 341 251 264 249 256 224 225 226 221 436 491 589 605 333 304 264 263 245 251 193 174 322 345 583 616 485 528 5 37 350 281 303 184 173 77 56 54 52 47 43 362 423 392 419 341 330 261 258 299 300 402 410 604 631 487 528 5 38 653 552 602 499 502 446 451 498 498 588 594 742 767 615 635 512 496 418 419 466 462 540 537 752 782 582 628 5 39 1,086 981 1,144 484 396 295 283 283 9 44 339 339 751 899 505 407 244 222 232 227 568 627 1,263 1,354 912 968 5 40 369 323 354 303 307 319 336 268 241 291 296 314 315 276 291 334 360 333 342 291 270 312 310 362 368 298 326 5 41 432 330 350 312 318 307 317 332 327 402 411 660 706 431 410 371 375 343 350 355 344 421 422 763 811 591 635 5 42 514 478 532 448 452 358 349 330 316 361 361 436 448 414 441 314 289 275 284 470 498 611 613 608 605 622 699 5 43 342 332 373 219 204 140 131 134 219 306 323 403 417 274 268 371 419 284 268 178 36 36 34 240 270 310 295 5 44 377 399 456 337 331 321 330 325 313 408 423 554 577 438 446 326 304 235 230 110 84 87 238 390 376 336 372 5 45 41 53 62 280 323 325 339 344 335 361 354 368 368 349 374 265 243 277 295 357 360 354 339 501 524 351 372 5 46 475 286 282 145 129 186 208 319 342 888 1,039 995 980 608 582 368 318 265 265 272 265 514 553 415 392 203 204 5 47 880 646 692 481 467 415 419 448 443 572 592 681 695 582 607 529 528 438 438 425 408 546 557 606 611 572 636 Consumption (KWh) 80 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 6Consumption is in KWhBuilding No Suite No 07-1 07-2 07-3 07-4 07-5 07-6 07-7 07-8 07-9 07-10 07-11 07-12 08-1 08-2 08-3 08-4 08-5 08-6 08-7 08-8 08-9 08-10 08-11 08-126 1 1,103 845 907 357 309 115 81 131 139 897 976 1,832 1,955 678 528 120 24 172 202 282 288 500 521 1,452 6 2 516 735 863 610 605 358 323 399 405 1,103 1,166 1,013 984 647 645 645 671 420 397 354 335 575 599 397 6 3 54 281 570 110 62 58 60 56 53 35 31 32 1,027 1,341 1,413 473 414 449 472 375 345 369 359 1,090 6 4 144 97 100 69 68 124 140 131 125 61 50 62 64 156 183 150 148 140 145 149 145 521 574 498 6 5 1,085 208 87 114 122 75 69 120 129 554 597 854 889 597 598 305 243 132 121 184 190 314 326 173 6 6 848 605 640 620 640 132 64 64 163 720 756 1,395 1,487 1,081 1,103 361 190 152 153 171 169 196 194 203 6 7 208 134 138 93 92 91 95 88 85 84 81 100 103 86 91 96 101 94 96 98 95 99 96 195 6 8 1,083 933 1,025 709 700 504 486 465 347 873 919 589 536 493 525 302 258 127 112 275 297 454 467 956 6 9 1,547 861 854 663 666 295 233 233 126 205 216 198 194 345 1,881 605 311 144 124 263 280 473 492 652 6 10 518 364 383 321 326 163 137 266 288 541 559 973 1,032 579 554 319 272 231 234 247 241 311 312 489 6 11 2,874 1,307 1,208 756 733 396 345 262 236 418 429 2,177 2,434 2,472 2,676 1,475 1,236 294 161 127 117 206 216 668 6 12 26 24 26 38 40 84 96 83 79 57 51 42 40 163 196 198 206 65 46 231 258 283 277 576 6 13 143 261 312 321 334 200 182 178 171 266 270 822 902 490 463 284 251 176 172 184 180 227 227 461 6 14 1,226 1,006 1,095 252 167 273 305 353 353 705 731 778 781 822 894 456 365 215 200 256 259 819 895 751 6 15 1,252 941 1,006 393 339 360 378 357 340 951 1,006 1,984 2,124 1,270 1,196 652 690 173 101 170 177 1,103 1,239 2,435 6 16 118 135 153 96 93 110 118 113 109 99 94 76 73 208 246 226 230 236 247 214 201 280 285 186 6 17 436 391 431 399 410 313 306 298 286 429 435 453 453 409 435 385 387 385 400 411 400 419 406 642 6 18 2,428 1,226 1,178 450 385 356 365 421 420 867 901 1,866 2,005 1,346 1,348 704 572 407 397 388 374 611 634 1,992 6 19 637 626 702 560 564 260 209 472 519 571 558 328 291 303 329 358 379 378 393 533 541 421 382 361 6 20 706 540 579 399 394 317 314 298 285 469 479 977 1,048 787 809 454 384 185 162 171 168 277 288 1,152 6 21 2,034 1,630 1,765 784 704 638 650 791 801 1,817 1,901 2,407 2,473 1,730 1,750 1,026 886 716 718 664 632 1,244 1,314 1,911 6 22 213 85 73 97 103 156 173 140 129 88 79 78 78 75 80 81 83 102 109 96 90 86 82 80 6 23 536 714 816 286 296 265 270 436 460 687 695 358 305 421 473 368 357 358 372 374 362 422 417 781 6 24 465 245 239 382 412 328 324 424 435 667 676 655 649 132 60 416 522 387 382 348 330 465 473 253 6 25 386 236 239 201 204 191 197 196 192 350 361 1,100 1,208 598 548 318 274 205 202 218 214 407 428 756 6 26 1,632 1,102 1,151 507 454 306 290 317 307 976 1,004 697 800 355 312 554 42 216 252 247 239 779 853 1,557 6 27 1,257 936 999 727 724 435 395 369 352 748 779 1,064 1,103 891 929 651 608 411 397 407 396 727 762 1,042 6 28 417 305 323 258 260 249 257 292 292 508 521 852 899 504 481 392 386 287 283 257 244 350 357 637 6 29 138 231 276 240 245 234 186 438 483 1,036 1,080 1,752 1,846 994 938 674 637 504 143 178 147 62 43 174 6 30 2,916 2,157 2,300 1,229 1,156 832 801 963 970 1,889 1,955 3,164 3,334 2,178 2,167 1,235 1,053 739 719 757 740 1,466 1,550 3,065 6 31 705 586 639 463 468 474 495 503 489 813 831 55 705 1,524 1,016 573 486 247 220 180 167 723 802 1,295 6 32 730 581 628 284 256 171 161 232 243 554 579 731 751 675 717 353 277 265 273 207 188 326 340 1,278 6 33 1,276 957 1,024 647 629 434 412 457 453 798 819 1,172 1,221 1,025 1,076 743 690 452 433 517 516 770 789 1,299 6 34 2,242 2,024 2,241 1,257 1,195 556 451 421 19 290 319 516 544 432 449 254 215 87 70 154 165 359 382 522 6 35 1,653 1,037 1,063 625 599 358 324 251 227 234 227 221 219 241 264 215 211 215 225 234 229 228 219 520 6 36 1,643 1,171 1,239 614 567 439 559 536 514 1,160 1,213 1,836 1,923 1,328 1,339 939 878 538 507 517 502 969 1,022 1,083 6 37 1,290 960 1,024 407 354 251 241 285 286 472 482 1,069 1,154 625 591 377 338 273 273 290 284 537 564 606 6 38 722 492 515 232 209 246 263 246 235 374 381 519 538 321 312 213 197 241 257 220 206 303 310 435 6 39 1,568 1,122 1,188 583 538 350 327 399 403 861 897 1,188 1,227 986 1,026 536 435 395 404 391 376 729 769 1,120 6 40 626 611 685 650 307 412 450 535 537 1,087 1,128 1,512 1,564 1,776 1,953 880 327 397 410 159 107 83 75 114 6 41 1,159 737 758 297 256 196 192 213 212 494 517 969 1,033 772 793 402 321 262 263 271 264 530 560 1,199 6 42 600 188 143 138 55 67 79 156 171 339 352 633 673 337 310 196 176 110 104 130 130 283 302 545 6 43 54 49 55 124 136 74 64 270 310 743 780 891 904 763 802 529 481 245 219 245 242 403 418 1,094 Consumption (KWh) 81 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 7Consumption is in KWhBuilding No Suite No 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-11 10-12 11-1 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-5 11-6 11-77 1 214 359 213 206 213 206 101 101 96 106 93 96 285 294 7 2 102 175 164 158 53 488 505 505 456 505 488 505 488 505 7 3 64 115 169 164 169 164 141 141 150 166 143 148 60 62 7 4 103 187 91 90 144 153 565 565 518 574 558 577 478 494 7 5 146 245 157 151 156 95 93 93 93 104 135 140 153 158 7 6 87 150 149 144 149 83 62 62 55 61 78 81 128 132 7 7 110 190 190 184 236 314 331 331 285 314 260 269 269 278 7 8 70 120 112 107 79 78 41 41 42 47 70 73 108 112 7 9 88 146 71 68 70 49 163 163 131 145 140 145 182 188 7 10 159 28 853 532 550 7 11 219 485 485 472 542 525 564 564 467 516 465 480 470 486 7 12 46 85 176 168 118 115 102 102 83 92 104 108 119 123 7 13 176 302 279 266 166 162 227 227 215 238 210 218 173 179 7 14 174 293 191 184 191 133 185 185 153 171 221 228 135 140 7 15 126 216 28 50 1,492 1,542 99 756 830 600 621 474 490 7 16 131 123 1,268 1,268 - 7 17 59 147 185 37 127 257 459 459 335 373 408 422 386 399 7 18 168 289 283 270 169 164 169 169 158 175 149 154 145 150 7 19 147 250 216 203 211 204 261 261 177 196 186 193 241 250 7 20 275 91 256 246 219 211 311 311 240 266 239 247 306 316 7 21 151 253 152 147 152 92 111 111 99 109 83 86 124 129 7 22 213 352 145 140 145 102 433 433 449 495 417 431 547 566 7 23 259 424 106 103 106 68 86 86 285 316 314 325 302 313 7 24 273 462 356 345 356 384 364 364 413 456 392 406 481 498 7 25 308 419 419 411 606 586 1,233 1,233 1,141 1,261 1,137 1,175 964 996 7 26 288 471 111 107 110 339 294 294 422 459 199 206 214 222 7 27 166 285 271 262 271 230 341 341 358 399 470 486 531 549 7 28 39 75 183 177 183 188 176 176 166 183 164 170 109 113 7 29 143 331 331 326 493 477 629 629 476 523 410 424 443 458 7 30 95 163 167 162 167 151 79 79 73 82 125 130 160 166 7 31 36 61 53 51 52 58 78 78 68 76 101 104 143 148 7 32 95 163 166 160 165 98 86 86 75 82 69 71 63 65 7 33 105 180 161 154 123 120 89 89 100 114 195 202 190 196 7 34 111 183 61 59 61 51 138 138 125 141 198 205 164 169 7 35 4 20 216 209 216 113 173 173 162 180 175 181 198 205 7 36 171 33 487 380 368 423 423 281 312 292 645 645 666 7 37 99 164 69 66 68 70 74 74 104 117 167 173 102 106 82 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 8Consumption is in KWhBuilding No Suite No 07-9 07-10 07-11 07-12 08-1 08-2 08-3 08-4 08-5 08-6 08-7 08-8 08-9 08-10 08-11 08-12 09-1 09-2 09-3 09-4 09-5 09-6 09-7 09-88 1 462 451 521 499 468 510 430 557 458 824 559 221 518 551 618 599 462 464 483 465 732 733 530 8 2 311 313 352 369 247 202 101 247 344 340 300 470 407 348 351 387 356 356 340 388 353 514 469 8 3 7 233 737 649 534 552 554 505 508 481 665 638 551 401 429 537 587 387 443 432 475 690 688 504 8 4 606 592 690 547 441 415 297 398 373 740 528 454 349 355 644 569 357 341 406 660 684 807 801 8 5 497 812 594 482 393 319 262 402 307 264 332 389 659 692 480 535 336 276 594 745 871 8 6 35 1,076 963 981 940 869 792 1,126 1,427 1,146 946 1,020 970 776 652 469 436 330 246 293 306 325 8 7 2 93 715 791 655 741 506 368 321 266 315 325 416 544 694 678 549 603 417 390 376 173 244 8 8 131 127 74 62 90 447 352 321 322 336 346 258 287 395 486 426 358 346 340 271 292 304 325 8 9 295 305 315 453 426 12 302 251 270 343 440 371 332 332 387 340 390 461 363 422 446 478 586 8 10 300 298 413 239 124 689 579 797 781 1,101 837 619 630 711 931 808 636 627 585 721 1,015 976 994 8 11 360 495 732 527 477 175 163 158 173 237 193 119 365 306 341 168 188 162 171 209 8 12 55 547 517 530 405 372 505 624 607 945 788 721 523 520 636 544 422 452 484 591 784 861 742 8 13 18 285 124 153 153 258 258 208 202 204 312 249 216 329 218 237 425 470 475 8 14 10 325 306 199 137 285 146 73 97 79 424 912 746 695 726 975 908 624 659 597 692 902 994 556 8 15 380 376 500 485 403 71 142 127 117 278 209 165 426 621 819 938 489 548 386 327 390 690 748 8 16 21 637 630 840 751 613 541 537 582 652 628 644 512 661 733 1,003 938 738 710 541 616 727 746 781 8 17 212 206 235 233 192 156 107 132 167 195 199 175 224 189 272 296 235 220 179 280 444 552 494 8 18 168 169 265 216 128 86 319 323 229 242 275 290 351 473 642 624 448 438 348 309 263 299 354 8 19 610 603 811 679 584 518 429 476 467 699 565 438 479 493 468 539 449 451 426 517 590 870 909 8 20 285 279 336 270 74 281 577 581 485 819 696 559 561 675 814 738 586 563 462 481 813 812 871 8 21 551 243 628 525 389 352 281 243 246 204 299 262 327 427 529 509 431 433 320 295 323 285 357 8 22 658 777 674 617 553 541 486 581 621 546 581 649 786 763 692 749 702 645 728 771 672 8 23 360 565 784 698 605 553 459 480 498 713 600 433 423 466 546 478 397 18 534 655 720 870 992 8 24 268 732 382 173 267 553 947 982 961 858 777 854 822 620 691 662 677 904 800 1,066 8 25 463 481 962 872 636 567 529 491 516 691 652 589 443 665 710 633 549 557 434 546 835 867 927 8 26 383 387 459 436 359 382 340 189 148 171 208 276 440 656 458 474 365 354 263 261 334 412 902 8 27 6 202 353 296 192 171 128 127 97 145 218 128 132 149 224 205 152 4 122 143 275 310 241 8 28 27 773 726 634 724 626 978 988 829 625 624 646 832 639 806 695 602 1,022 1,059 911 8 29 205 219 431 303 239 227 189 209 203 338 391 320 367 241 259 205 305 387 439 382 395 482 761 8 30 120 129 314 452 320 303 195 185 221 420 242 168 222 168 410 474 306 299 197 207 248 295 309 8 31 262 272 426 810 682 343 188 141 266 285 156 230 191 299 602 564 454 450 352 195 222 223 264 8 32 4 119 111 52 88 68 144 203 158 228 426 377 264 132 193 562 429 316 358 225 198 296 433 507 8 33 10 314 326 478 551 333 151 191 208 344 107 679 522 817 1,117 1,301 887 739 451 552 961 1,099 1,089 8 34 323 320 291 191 173 117 157 312 360 318 340 195 212 117 177 89 81 91 115 223 506 524 496 8 35 18 550 130 440 330 301 373 295 248 289 419 294 192 317 438 574 460 323 353 205 201 204 149 435 8 36 18 694 733 1,059 1,076 899 805 689 798 715 1,039 957 779 662 823 810 1,063 648 823 773 468 510 489 408 83 Load AnalysisMonthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 9Consumption is in KWhBuilding No Suite No 07-1 07-2 07-3 07-4 07-5 07-6 07-7 07-8 07-9 07-10 07-11 07-12 08-1 08-2 08-3 08-4 08-5 08-6 08-7 08-8 08-9 08-10 08-11 08-12 09-19 1 739 497 513 386 394 383 397 428 423 487 488 824 886 569 552 403 361 352 365 369 359 445 448 814 866 9 2 1,355 1,489 1,712 620 476 340 320 338 332 959 1,619 1,556 1,534 1,524 1,649 1,024 877 542 497 486 468 977 1,060 2,034 2,173 9 3 543 220 177 230 248 275 294 311 307 455 486 651 680 258 191 192 200 273 299 354 355 390 383 488 502 9 4 574 554 539 141 86 132 149 372 425 1,686 2,052 2,833 2,970 2,330 2,391 1,287 1,006 529 455 602 617 1,776 1,984 3,438 3,644 9 5 2,737 2,033 2,145 1,169 1,064 359 198 554 637 1,498 1,733 2,395 2,512 2,044 2,117 1,364 1,193 570 468 623 639 1,660 1,839 3,401 3,624 9 6 2,212 1,500 1,540 665 556 464 460 390 358 468 486 1,277 1,426 953 933 567 480 389 387 350 330 443 453 1,225 1,338 9 7 33 274 362 130 100 106 172 193 171 772 948 797 762 597 613 415 372 292 288 353 357 597 631 606 599 9 8 2,291 1,538 1,574 820 735 592 581 737 758 1,210 1,314 2,207 2,370 1,432 1,356 839 718 625 631 595 568 998 1,062 1,954 2,082 9 9 2,272 955 793 523 501 270 224 254 255 539 614 1,591 1,776 616 426 282 249 225 230 231 224 532 585 1,664 1,821 9 10 1,713 1,166 1,199 825 800 602 578 723 742 1,029 1,084 1,647 1,749 1,281 1,291 881 793 688 695 644 611 817 834 1,427 1,511 9 11 3,906 3,092 3,001 1,707 1,526 574 360 756 828 2,133 2,496 3,241 3,368 2,645 2,703 1,857 1,785 709 522 821 864 2,450 2,733 4,040 4,221 9 Strata 9,770 7,977 8,594 7,250 7,322 6,898 7,080 7,239 7,200 8,249 8,255 9,327 9,480 8,249 8,685 7,421 7,314 6,744 6,900 6,942 6,728 7,142 6,956 8,923 9,180 Consumption (KWh) 84 Monthly Calendarized Consumption for Selected LEED Buildings-Building # 10Consumption is in KWhBuilding No Suite No 07-9 07-10 07-11 07-12 08-1 08-2 08-3 08-4 08-5 08-6 08-7 08-8 08-9 08-10 08-11 08-12 09-1 09-2 09-3 09-4 09-5 09-6 09-7 09-810 1 36 494 333 364 357 507 527 334 351 295 302 281 290 280 10 2 473 777 816 947 968 754 772 606 581 309 267 229 212 628 703 1,148 1,211 859 920 558 551 298 281 259 10 3 291 487 514 681 710 795 879 566 495 267 232 225 312 425 435 515 525 417 455 423 436 306 303 317 10 4 212 399 432 699 748 582 597 380 329 276 277 325 326 448 460 798 846 681 743 422 415 235 224 324 10 5 89 88 78 55 50 47 50 102 122 170 187 247 253 467 499 773 811 728 805 233 201 215 224 242 10 6 17 492 522 445 470 277 250 268 264 485 519 692 715 659 731 369 357 197 187 187 10 7 380 757 799 894 907 556 0 12 12 13 263 313 405 410 420 420 367 404 370 381 379 393 412 10 8 77 1,398 1,206 939 961 790 773 581 566 618 610 772 779 1,191 1,249 992 1,080 812 821 379 344 488 10 9 166 460 263 541 609 460 467 312 277 169 154 155 150 234 245 557 602 457 494 196 181 146 151 167 10 10 113 309 317 369 377 384 418 340 332 261 257 265 258 261 252 349 362 273 295 255 261 257 266 272 10 11 121 490 486 505 506 472 505 299 249 121 101 153 161 315 340 423 433 311 334 215 214 169 171 145 10 12 148 252 27 111 330 456 489 345 315 234 227 297 303 322 314 385 418 489 556 271 260 251 120 225 10 13 50 121 168 237 376 154 94 191 218 35 98 179 173 68 9 10 14 389 467 617 1,080 1,165 654 602 394 347 324 333 339 532 808 843 821 813 735 567 637 724 494 16 240 10 15 227 438 434 1,180 1,321 1,425 1,565 961 819 538 504 451 424 892 968 1,636 1,730 1,217 1,302 626 599 416 411 406 10 16 159 275 275 349 362 303 317 224 205 123 112 145 159 479 464 438 432 380 419 349 356 312 319 335 10 17 302 377 379 632 679 671 726 469 410 193 157 167 164 235 243 232 229 275 314 264 269 255 263 267 10 18 102 281 139 343 274 150 132 130 125 394 443 715 754 446 462 151 134 108 110 146 10 19 254 344 508 640 663 589 623 535 200 190 195 266 274 363 369 609 643 518 565 384 384 226 217 295 10 20 107 387 702 510 427 192 159 117 91 102 108 81 72 151 164 656 728 545 589 343 337 276 280 273 10 21 39 186 226 633 710 656 700 431 368 84 31 89 126 149 149 201 208 193 214 121 119 76 74 104 10 22 554 324 275 181 159 162 169 161 154 195 197 271 281 249 275 201 203 206 214 180 10 23 154 510 519 587 597 564 604 560 31 160 207 211 193 181 423 458 397 437 245 240 126 118 177 10 24 317 314 278 334 343 253 256 234 237 243 254 209 192 199 193 473 513 351 375 261 262 243 250 213 10 25 287 473 497 603 621 137 48 42 42 43 46 108 188 249 254 458 487 459 510 193 177 149 152 172 10 26 292 303 273 313 319 269 281 250 251 128 109 181 192 310 326 315 312 245 267 282 294 248 252 212 10 27 169 374 418 273 243 264 291 228 218 226 237 196 180 205 203 160 153 166 187 108 105 55 51 54 10 28 292 616 707 755 760 779 849 626 586 567 420 273 284 321 317 372 379 284 307 271 278 281 292 268 10 29 428 530 513 530 530 496 530 513 530 513 530 496 288 703 681 752 759 564 608 472 480 448 461 477 10 30 186 185 163 119 110 166 192 143 134 121 328 283 261 306 304 407 421 325 353 316 324 313 129 136 10 31 5 156 161 156 161 161 156 161 156 353 381 429 486 285 281 235 239 203 10 32 101 369 85 234 262 261 283 179 154 137 140 187 192 279 289 218 206 212 238 230 189 181 187 187 10 33 125 279 391 428 433 307 306 175 141 206 228 233 227 291 295 252 244 260 293 217 219 211 180 150 10 34 172 247 335 282 269 94 66 146 175 196 208 198 189 175 165 58 42 40 45 132 143 159 167 173 10 35 178 328 371 355 350 275 282 162 132 82 75 251 284 376 383 332 323 351 397 259 258 326 346 347 10 36 182 139 64 139 153 128 133 118 118 111 114 111 107 136 138 228 240 196 214 178 182 194 202 164 10 37 89 326 475 422 409 259 250 234 239 191 190 189 183 201 197 303 317 158 158 179 186 163 166 202 10 38 205 147 54 22 15 12 13 17 19 17 17 17 17 9 419 721 315 304 182 180 95 89 213 10 39 110 258 249 350 368 281 287 229 220 178 177 172 165 199 200 240 245 252 284 72 60 41 40 40 10 40 182 170 115 532 715 470 458 266 219 210 165 170 166 279 295 591 634 445 476 282 277 265 273 237 10 41 212 154 47 108 119 51 41 38 39 85 98 62 52 44 40 72 76 35 35 42 44 47 49 37 10 42 87 115 171 189 146 143 151 149 201 206 243 248 221 244 184 186 142 143 168 10 43 22 24 730 730 681 729 511 453 368 366 222 181 430 472 579 593 485 530 306 300 180 173 173 10 44 233 290 50 344 400 397 431 337 322 269 270 246 233 287 288 311 313 220 236 192 196 225 237 229 10 45 10 311 187 177 91 68 66 66 211 239 305 308 355 361 318 351 309 317 242 243 261 10 46 617 765 740 815 825 515 493 407 398 355 361 361 349 538 562 810 844 649 703 486 488 472 419 195 10 47 256 450 480 535 542 438 453 396 396 397 414 392 375 450 450 588 607 486 530 374 376 437 460 408 10 48 414 570 571 662 676 586 616 507 495 489 507 492 473 575 577 674 686 561 614 525 537 493 506 502 10 49 372 647 688 780 793 703 743 526 483 420 424 416 401 468 465 598 616 476 516 499 216 28 67 206 10 50 495 675 673 773 788 673 706 615 613 576 592 586 566 634 625 853 884 713 779 577 583 486 493 519 10 51 8 234 154 162 64 59 56 58 107 10 52 298 414 416 580 609 481 494 278 224 109 90 55 45 136 153 112 105 256 662 557 569 874 940 799 10 53 345 464 461 453 448 334 338 300 301 298 309 284 269 285 278 322 327 231 247 268 279 261 269 242 10 54 11 346 335 322 318 202 195 199 209 201 207 232 230 294 297 491 518 467 517 442 452 392 400 406 10 55 35 120 188 210 214 240 265 239 241 232 182 216 217 355 374 520 540 327 341 236 237 212 217 165 10 56 394 384 386 442 451 373 388 325 318 315 327 337 329 335 323 434 449 358 390 327 334 335 347 328 10 57 64 126 131 187 197 186 199 169 166 150 153 161 157 167 163 180 181 159 176 158 162 144 148 140 10 58 41 177 431 566 590 502 526 345 305 227 220 211 203 360 383 395 395 380 425 98 78 75 78 175 FortisBC Commercial & Industrial Marketing 16705 Fraser Highway, Surrey, B.C. V4N 0E8 E-mail: commercial.energy@fortisbc.com Natural Gas Consumption History Customer: Premise 1 Service Address: Billing Date Days Cons'n (GJ) Appr. Cost 04-Nov-11 29 44.1 Customer Number: 0 Premise Number: 0 06-Oct-11 30 43.0 06-Sep-11 32 32.3 05-Aug-11 29 32.6 Current Rate: #N/A Service Area: Coastal 07-Jul-11 31 42.9 06-Jun-11 32 48.5 05-May-11 30 49.1 Annual Cons'n: 579.6 GJ / 365 Days 05-Apr-11 29 44.6 Daily Peak: 3 GJ 07-Mar-11 31 70.1 04-Feb-11 29 38.5 Notes: 06-Jan-11 31 69.4 Approx. Costs (if shown) are based on current Rate in effect at Billing Date. Costs may vary 06-Dec-10 32 64.5 due to billing period crossovers and other factors. Costs include Basic Monthly Charge. 04-Nov-10 30 39.2 05-Oct-10 32 48.5 We believe this data to be correct and accurate, however FortisBC assumes no 03-Sep-10 29 31.9 liability for errors or omissions. Actual billing data shall prevail. 05-Aug-10 30 29.8 06-Jul-10 32 38.4 04-Jun-10 30 43.6 05-May-10 29 49.9 06-Apr-10 32 59.1 05-Mar-10 29 54.6 04-Feb-10 29 56.6 06-Jan-10 30 49.2 07-Dec-09 33 62.0 04-Nov-09 30 51.1 05-Oct-09 32 44.8 03-Sep-09 29 27.5 05-Aug-09 30 31.9 06-Jul-09 32 47.5 04-Jun-09 30 57.5 05-May-09 32 63.5 03-Apr-09 29 69.2 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Mar-07 Jun-07 Sep-07 Dec-07 Mar-08 Jun-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile FortisBC 09-Mar-11 28 148.7 09-Feb-11 30 146.3 10-Jan-11 33 167.6 08-Dec-10 30 164.7 08-Nov-10 32 105.9 07-Oct-10 29 87.6 08-Sep-10 30 86.9 09-Aug-10 32 70.7 08-Jul-10 29 115.9 09-Jun-10 33 110.3 07-May-10 29 116.1 Notes: 08-Apr-10 30 140.3 Approx. Costs (if shown) are based on current Rate in effect at Billing Date. Costs may vary 09-Mar-10 29 123.4 due to billing period crossovers and other factors. Costs include Basic Monthly Charge. 08-Feb-10 28 131.7 11-Jan-10 34 172.1 We believe this data to be correct and accurate, however FortisBC assumes no 08-Dec-09 29 144.3 liability for errors or omissions. Actual billing data shall prevail. 09-Nov-09 33 140.6 07-Oct-09 29 96.8 08-Sep-09 32 91.6 07-Aug-09 30 82.6 08-Jul-09 30 89.2 08-Jun-09 32 252.3 07-May-09 30 5.6 07-Apr-09 29 136.9 09-Mar-09 31 141.8 06-Feb-09 28 138.8 09-Jan-09 32 161.8 08-Dec-08 28 116.6 10-Nov-08 32 120.0 09-Oct-08 30 75.8 09-Sep-08 62 186.9 09-Jul-08 30 98.0 09-Jun-08 32 136.3 08-May-08 29 116.8 09-Apr-08 33 163.9 07-Mar-08 29 141.2 07-Feb-08 29 143.6 09-Jan-08 30 165.3 10-Dec-07 32 146.3 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 May-07 Oct-07 Feb-08 May-08 Sep-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Feb-10 May-10 Aug-10 Nov-10 Mar-11 Jun-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile 87 FortisBC Commercial & Industrial Marketing 16705 Fraser Highway, Surrey, B.C. V4N 0E8 E-mail: commercial.energy@fortisbc.com 28-Oct-11 29 328.2 Customer Number: 0 Premise Number: 0 29-Sep-11 31 276.6 29-Aug-11 31 274.2 29-Jul-11 31 290.2 Current Rate: #N/A Service Area: Coastal 28-Jun-11 29 304.5 30-May-11 31 372.9 29-Apr-11 31 453.1 Annual Cons'n: 4,801.5 GJ / 365 Days 29-Mar-11 29 488.3 Daily Peak: 24 GJ 28-Feb-11 31 591.9 28-Jan-11 29 528.7 30-Dec-10 31 466.9 29-Nov-10 32 426.0 Notes: 28-Oct-10 30 236.3 Approx. Costs (if shown) are based on current Rate in effect at Billing Date. Costs may vary 28-Sep-10 32 211.5 due to billing period crossovers and other factors. Costs include Basic Monthly Charge. 27-Aug-10 29 185.8 29-Jul-10 31 234.4 We believe this data to be correct and accurate, however FortisBC assumes no 28-Jun-10 31 259.5 liability for errors or omissions. Actual billing data shall prevail. 28-May-10 30 297.2 28-Apr-10 29 409.7 30-Mar-10 29 473.7 01-Mar-10 32 529.1 28-Jan-10 24 422.3 04-Jan-10 4 323.5 31-Dec-09 34 861.0 27-Nov-09 30 508.6 28-Oct-09 30 257.2 28-Sep-09 32 188.4 27-Aug-09 29 159.7 29-Jul-09 33 204.7 26-Jun-09 29 256.8 28-May-09 29 377.0 29-Apr-09 30 559.8 30-Mar-09 32 582.4 26-Feb-09 29 726.4 28-Jan-09 28 897.0 31-Dec-08 33 980.0 28-Nov-08 30 420.9 29-Oct-08 30 346.4 29-Sep-08 32 292.3 28-Aug-08 30 255.8 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile 88 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Aug-08 Nov-08 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Feb-10 May-10 Aug-10 Dec-10 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile 89 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Mar-07 Jun-07 Sep-07 Dec-07 Mar-08 Jun-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile 90 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile 91 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile 92 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile 93 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Jun-07 Sep-07 Dec-07 Mar-08 Jun-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile 94 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 Nov-09 Mar-10 Jul-10 Nov-10 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Approximate Daily Consumption (GJ) Consumption Month (may differ from Billing Month) Consumption Profile