HI fl RC W, 1944 ATECH Due to War conditions, and by courtesy of the Alumni Association of the University of British Columbia, the field of present and post-war engineering problems previously covered by THE BLUEPRINT, will henceforward be incorporated in THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE. This Publication will circulate to and have the support of both the Alumni Association and the British Columbia Engineering Society. Xi -V ■88 NORMAN ARCHIBALD MacRAE MacKENZIE, M.M. and Bar, B.A., LL.B. (Dalhousie), LL.M., Harvard, LL.D. (Mount Allison and New Brunswick), K.C, F.R.S.C. SUMNER DESIGN STEERING ENGINE Used on Corvettes, Minesweepers and Cargo Ships SUMNER MACHINERY For Mill, Mine and Marine Work CUT GEARS and SPROCKETS OUR SPECIALTY Canadian Sumner Iron Works Ltd. MACHINE DESIGNERS and MANUFACTURERS 3 5 50 East Broadway Vancouver, B. C. UP-GRADING lumber with GLUE There's Profit in Your Scrap Vile Those planks vou were going to relegate to the scrap-pile because they were too short—scarf joint them into merchantable lumber. Edge- joint your narrow boards into marketable wide ones! LAUCKS WATERPROOF GLUES can make tight, water-proof joints that prove stronger than wood itself. If interested in up-grading lumber, in getting profits from your scrap pile—call in Laucks Glue Engineers and let's get working on the problem. SMTMMTIIDOWITIIWIIIIDICM I. F. LAUCKS ltd GRANVILLE ISLAND, VANCOUVER, B. C. Scarf Jointing with Laux. Edge Jointing with Laux *me-r*.- y^'^tf^gir * i#1&* sinravwuH PLANTIQUIPMENT NOW! FM DIESELS V H> '-i 'is POWER GIANTS IN the Battle of Production your equipment has been subjected to gruelling punishment and one of today's urgent steps in preparing for PEACE and the tasks of RECONSTRUCTION ... is a complete and searching survey of all your Tools of Production. You may need some entirely NEW machines adapted to new POST-WAR products. Or new models as straight replacements of war-worn machinery. Fairbanks-Morse Diesel Engines will bring sweeping savings and new efficiency to many new users in the Post-War era. In our files is a wealth of data on their lower operating costs and greater dependability. It is information of great interest to executives concerned with Post-Wair planning. While the wartime Battle of Production still rages, priorities will continue in force to varying degrees. Placing orders for needed equipment NOW, however, may enable you to beat the gun in the Post-War race for old and new markets. New and improved models in the Tools of Production will be available as soon as war restrictions are lifted. Inquiries invited: MACHINE TOOLS TOOLS —PNEUMATIC & ELECTRIC SHOP SUPPLIES RAILWAY & CONTRACTORS EQUIPMENT SCALES ENGINES —DIESEL & GASOLINE PUMPS TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT COAL STOKERS TRUCKS —HAND & POWER REFRACTORIES WOODWORKING MACHINERY BELTING WELDING EQUIPMENT ABRASIVES VALVES AND STEAM GOODS CHAIN BLOCKS AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT MOTORS AND GENERATORS Oh* CANADIAN Fairbanks • Morse COMPANY jCimited HALIFAX SAINT JOHN QUEBEC MONTREAL OTTAWA TORONTO WINDSOR FORT WILLIAM WINNIPEG REGINA CALGARY EDMONTON VANCOUVER VICTORIA FACTORY, SHERBROOKE, QUE. TheDE WALT WOODWORKING MACHINE QUALITY PRODUCTION SAFETY — LONG LIFE LOW-COST PERFORMANCE PLENTY OF POWER When you install a DE WALT you get a complete woodworking shop in one machine USE A DE WALT for . . CROSS-CUTTING ANGLE CROSS-CUTTING BEVEL CROSS-CUTTING COMPOUND CROSS-CUTTING RIPPLING BEVEL RIPPLING DADOING ANGLE DADOING PLOUGHING RABBETING GROOVING TENONING SHAPING ROUTING BORING Also Metal Cutting Machines for wet or dry cutting, with abrasive wheel or metal cutting saw blade. Write for descriptive circulars from Dominion of Canada representatives: DEWALT DISHER CORPORATION LIMITED 402 PENDER STREET WEST VANCOUVER, B. C. MADE IN VANCOUVER For Future - Thinking Engineers Neither sea water, sewage or swamp water can affect ASBESTOS BONDED COATED PIPE This Asphalt coated product has all the qualities of standard corrugated pipe — great strength, ease of handling and installing—plus extra years of service, built into this pipe by a full bituminous coating firmly bonded to the base metal. Asbestos Bonded Coated Pipe is manufactured in our Granville Island plant. It will pay you well to keep it in mind for post-war projects, even though you may not be able to get it for immediate construction on non-priority jobs. The Canada Ingot Iron Company Limited Granville Island — VANCOUVER — Phone MArine 4927 WINNIPEG REGINA CALGARY EDMONTON THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE The W! till t III lli:il\l! II Published by the Alumni Association of the University of British Columbia MARCH, 1944 Editor: Darrell T. Braidwood, M.A., Barrister at Law Associate Editor: A. D. Creer, M.E.I.C., M.Inst.C.E. Business Manager: W. E. G. Macdonald TABLE OF CONTENTS Pane A RECORD OF ACHIEVEMENT . . . WHAT OF THE FUTURE? 5 By S. G. BLAYLOCK, b.sc, m.k.i.m., m.inst.m.m., HON. MEM. A.LM.E. NEW U. B. C. PRESIDENT 11 LOOKING AT POST-WAR EDUCATION . .... 15 By DONALD A. C. McGILL, b.a. SOME PROBLEMS OF GOVERNMENT 16 By THE HONORABLE MR. HERBERT ANSCOMB, Minister of Public Works. THE EDITOR'S PAGE 23 CIVIL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE ENGINEER 24 By W. SUTCLIFFE, m.i.e.e. RELIGION AND LIFE 26 By PROF. J. A. IRVING ALUMNI PERSONALITIES 30 ATHLETICS AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 33 By ROSEMARY COLLINS, b.a. STEERING A SHIP 36 By PERCY N. BLAND ENGINEERING EDUCATION 39 By WILLIAM E. WICKENDEN Editorial Office: Bminess office. Alumni Assn. Office, 16-555 Howe Street Brock Bldg., University of B. C. Vancouver, B. C. Published at Vancouver, British Columbia. MARCH, 1944 Let CROSSMAN'S solve your power application problems with the STERLING SYSTEM OF DIRECT POWER APPLICATION • No power loss in transmission. Full rated horse- power of the unit is transmitted to the output shaft. • No counter shafts, bevel gears or friction drives needed. The unit is complete in itself and installed by merely bolting down. • Maintenance time and cost reduced to a minimum through elimination of shafts, belts, etc. • Lower initial cost. • There's a Sterling SLO-SPEED for every application. for further information, write or phone us* MORE THAN A MOTOR . . . A WHOLE POWER DRIVE CROSSMAN Machinery Co. Ltd. 806 Beach Avenue Vancouver, B. C. PAcific 5461 Progressive Winches and Windlasses Ready for Shipments to Our Merchant Fleet DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS OF MARINE EQUIPMENT For every use and purpose. MAKERS OF THE FOLLOWING MARINE AUXILIARIES 6x6 Steam Anchor Windlasses for Canadian and British Minesweepers. 8x9'4 Steam Anchor Windlasses for Sinffle- screw Corvettes. 9x10 Steam Anchor Windlasses for Frigates. 7k 10 Steam Carg-o Winches for Merchant Marine. 10%xl2 steam Heavy Duty Carg-o Winches for Merchant Marine. PROGRESSIVE ENGINEERING WORKS LIMITED 360 WEST FIRST AVENUE - VANCOUVER, B. C. The Progressive Engineering Works Limited is a local company, owned and operated by Vancouver citizens. In Stock for IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT FIBERGLAS No. 60 MOLDED PIPE INSULATION Sizes: Vz" to 12" • High Insulating Efficiency. • Light Weight. • Not Affected by Moisture. • Easy to Apply. f.DREXELco. ltd! Telephone HAstings 5241-2 831 POWELL ST. VANCOUVER, B. C. \What Drex Sells Excels We Inspect, Test and analyze all articles of Commerce. We design mixes for Quality Concrete. Mill Inspection. Steel, Cast Iron, Treated Timber, etc. Complete mill tests on ores. G. S. ELDRIDGE & CO. LTD. Inspecting and Testing ENGINEERS 567 HORNBY ST. VANCOUVER THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE A RECORD . . . OF ACHIEVEMENT . . . What of the Future An Address delivered to Rossland Junior Board of Trade at Rossland, B.C., by MR. S. G. BLAYLOCK B.SC, M.E.I.M., M.INST.M.M., HON. MEM. A.I.M.E. Chairman and President, The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited Mr. Chairman, members of the Rossland Junior Board of Trade, employees of The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, ladies and gentlemen within range of my voice who may be listening to the radio tonight. I wish to thank the Rossland Junior Board of Trade for their invitation to talk to them tonight. I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to them for affording me this opportunity, through the facilities of radio station CJAT, to talk to so many of our employees and residents of the many communities of the immediate area. The inability to keep personal contact with our large and increasing force is one of the penalties of our extraordinary growth. There are many things I wish to discuss with all of you and I must ask your indulgence if my remarks may seem a little lengthy. My first desire is to build up in your minds the same respect and love for our Company that I have, and the same pride in its achievements. These could only have been brought about in one way and that is by all of us giving of our best. I am inordinately proud of these achievements and most resentful when anyone tries to belittle them. Together, with the financial assistance of the shareholders, and with the backing of a patient, far-sighted and courageous Board of Directors, we have built up an industry which is recognized as tops the world over. We have attained this reputation not only through the growth of our industry but also by having kept it in the highest category of sound finance. We are given credit as being bold operators willing to undertake grave risks where these risks appear to have some justification, and for the resource, brains and courage to carry these undertakings through until they become successful enterprises. I wish to give you a brief outline of our industrial history. The Trail plant was conceived and initiated by Mr. F. A. Heinze in 1895 to smelt the gold-copper ores of the Rossland mines. Heinze sold out to the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1898 after difficulties with the Rossland miners culminating in the decision of the directors of the Le Roi mine to build the spielter at Northport, Wash. The C.P.R. was perhaps more interested in the railway charters owned by Heinze than in the smelter. However, it decided to give the smelter a chance and placed Mr. W. H. Aldridge in charge. The smelter was operated as the Canadian Smelting Works, i straight subsidiary of the C.P.R., until 1906. Its life was precarious. Its supply of ore depended on the whims of the shippers. A lead smelter was added in 1900 and a lead refinery in 1902. We never knew when we would have sufficient ore to run the plant. The various Rossland mines were over-capitalized and over-staffed to such an extent that they were unprofitable. In 1906 Mr. Aldridge succeeded in getting the Centre Star, the War Eagle, the St. Eugene and the Richmond Eureka mines to join the smelter to form the Consolidated Mining & Smelting Company—the shareholders of each to receive their proportionate number of shares in the new company. This gave the C.P.R. somewhat less than a one-third interest in the undertaking. Conditions improved with the cutting down of the overhead of four operations into one. Furthermore, under the new set-up, the mines and smelter could be conducted to much better advantage. Nevertheless the entire operation was run on an extremely close margin. In 1912 the LeRoi Mining Company was purchased by the CM. & S. Company. Some idea of the difficulties of this early operation can be gathered from the fact that although over $100,000,000 worth of metal was recovered from the Rossland ore, less than $2,000,000 in profits were made. Most of this was made by the C. M. & S. Co., which put back approximately three-quarters of a million dollars looking for more ore before quitting. By 1909 the St. Eugene mine at Moyie, B.C., was practically worked out and no lead ore tonnage was in sight to take its place. We examined the Sullivan mine at Kimberley, a property which had become more or less abandoned in East Kootenay. We realized that this property offered a metallurgical problem rather than a mining problem, and that it would probably take millions of dollars in research to solve it. Undaunted, the C. M. & S. Co. took a lease and bond on the property and set to work. It was at this stage that Sir Edward Beatty and the C.P.R. came to our assistance and helped to secure the money which had to flow like water. Development gave encouragement from the start, but millions and millions of dollars had to be provided. The electrolytic zinc process had to be and was developed (the first in the world). The successful selective flotation of lead, zinc and iron sulphides had to be and was worked out (also the first in the world). With the selective flotation and the electrolytic zinc processes developed there could be no further question regarding the worth of the Sullivan mine. Concentrators, power plants and zinc plants were built and our energies were eventually directed towards the recovery of sulphur, some 300 tons of which were being wasted daily. This problem was also solved at Trail, and again we had developed the first successful process of its kind. By 1929 it was decided to enter the chemical and fertilizer field with this sulphur as a base. Millions more dollars were spent and Trail became, potentially, one of the big chemical plants of the world. MARCH, 1944 Experience in World War I taught us the value of being self-contained as far as possible. Consequently shops and foundry were brought up to a high state of efficiency with the result that, at the threat of World War II, we were able to volunteer to the Dominion Government to build and operate plans for war purposes, and to supply large tonnages of ammonia (the most important chemical in the manufacture of explosives) while new British, American and Canadian plants were being constructed and brought into operation. We loaned an ammonia expert to the United Kingdom to complete an ammonia plant which was under construction for them by the Germans when the war broke out. We built several large and expensive chemical plants for the United Kingdom and Dominion Governments and operated them, on completion, with our own trained staffs without making any charge for our services or processes. We trained scores of men in the manufacture of these chemicals so that they could operate other plants for the Canadian and American governments. In addition, we supplied many technically trained men to the Government—in fact 23 in one day. Many of the plants built and staffed by our company are among the most efficient in operation today. The new plants with which we were identified were put into operation in almost every case within the estimated time. In mechanical fields the story is similar, though, of course, on a much smaller scale. Soon after war broke out, we offered our shop facilities to the Government. In the early days of the war, apparently due to our location, we were more or less overlooked. In due course, however, the Government sent some experts to Trail and it was suggested and we were asked if we could build marine engines. I asked our mechanics if they were prepared to do so and found them not only willing but anxious. We received an order for six of these engines. I am proud to say the last of them left the shops six weeks ahead of time. If, during this construction work, your husband or sweetheart did not show up until late at night, and perhaps when he did get home was tired and cross—and told you he was working at the plant—he probably was. I know of a few husbands who put in a very large proportion of their own time voluntarily on this work, though many of them could not get paid for overtime. Those men deserve the fullest credit and respect. I am sure that everyone who had a finger in this job swelled with just pride as he saw the last of these engines, with their magnificent finish and the C. M. & S. Company name plate on their sides, roll out on their long journey to eastern ports where they were to go into war craft. I know I did. We later received congratulations from the Admiralty and were told that these engines were among the very best they had received. The shops did many other very important things, including the casting of the big steel speed rings for the Brilliant Power plant when we could not get them made in time in the United States, or Canada. Other war jobs included the development of a process to make powdered magnesium, the result of which was that we were able to sell to the Government for less than one-half the price they were paying for an inferior product. The capacity of our lead and zinc plants was increased. The main part of our output was sold to the United Kingdom at prices less than any five-year average in the history of these metals. These prices are resulting in a saving to the United Kingdom of $22,000,000 a year as compared with what they would have had to pay for the same metal in the United States, if this metal could have been supplied from that source. I think most of you realize now that this metal could not have been obtained in the United States at any price, as America was also short and bought a great deal of metal from us. Our Company located and equipped a mercury mine shortly after the outbreak of war. Today this property alone could supply the Empire's needs. As Spain and Italy were two big factors in mercury production before the war, you can judge the importance of that. We also discovered and equipped a tungsten mine as a war measure. A tin recovery process was developed and installed at Kimberley and several hundred tons of high quality tin have been added to the Allies' meagre supply. The C. M. & S. Company has not only developed an industry outstanding in industrial achievement but it has established a friendship between the management and the workmen which, I believe, is its greatest accomplishment. This has been done as a result of the earnest co-operation of both men and management and I am sure has been a large contributing factor in the development of this fine Company. Our workmen enjoy a standard of living which, in many ways, cannot be equaled anywhere in Canada. Our wages are unquestionably the highest paid in any similar industry in this Dominion. On top of that we have a free pension system, free insurance, excellent medical and hospital services, an excellent housing scheme which enables a man to buy a home for its rental cost, probably the greatest job security in existence, and many perquisites of great value—always accompanied by the fact that each and every employee is considered a human being and an integral part of the organization. Turning now to national service in the Navy, Army and the Air Force, we also have a great source of pride and satisfaction in that well over 2,000 of our fellow employees are serving their country in His Majesty's Forces. This, my good friends, is our heritage. Do you not feel a glow of justifiable pride in having contributed to the building up of this great Company? As for myself, I feel not only pride but a sense of humility on realizing how much this success is due to others. In the foregoing recitation, I have not mentioned that wonderful corps of engineers, executives and staff to whose efforts most of these developments are due. I don't believe there is such an aggregation anywhere else in the world and, while they are unique in ability, they are even more so in their good fellowship and human qualities. In fact "loyalty" is the only word with which I can express my appreciation of the whole organization. 1 wish to make this public recognition of it and to thank you all for it. Now, I want to pass on to you some other thoughts. For years I have been obsessed by two desires: The first has been the desire to make The C. M. & S. Company of Canada Limited the finest company on earth. I believe you will agree that this has been accomplished. The other has been to leave an industrial relations set-up behind me when I go that would be absolutely sound, fair and fool-proof. Had the war not overtaken us, that also would have been accomplished. We planned to establish a straight profit-sharing scheme based on the men receiving a fair cost-of-living wage as a first charge on the Company's earnings, the cost of living of capital to be a second charge, the balance to be distributed and to be paid proportionately to the men and the shareholders on a fair basis. You would then have been full partners in the enterprise and your endeavours would have been fully reflected in your pay check. By the time I had this figured out and had the authority to inaugurate it, the war had arrived and war metal bonuses shot up to a point where the men would have had to take a temporary cut in wages. It was therefore decided to postpone making the change until such a time as it would result in an increase rather than a decrease in wages. I still have hopes that we may be able to make this change before I am through. As I shall be 65 next month, we shall have to hurry. THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE I know that this type of agreement does not appeal to the International unions, but I still hope to get it established. If we do I can't foresee anything that might create any real trouble. Perhaps this scheme might not fit into an operation which was having trouble to make both ends meet, but I feel that, in a prosperous company, the men should share in the prosperity. Perhaps this is unorthodox; however, I have never been orthodox and I cannot discern any possible objection to such a scheme either from the point of view of the men or of the shareholders. It might make the organizers' road a little harder. I must be honest and admit that that is one of the least of my worries! In listing our achievements, I omitted to mention the research work in industrial hygiene done by the Company which has practically abolished any fear of lead poisoning. We had passed through a period of 20 months without a single lead case and have had only one case in the last two years. This work is outstanding. Other research work is continuing. Contrary to statements you have heard, this Company has always assisted in efforts to enact good Workmen's Compensation legislation. As late as a year ago it paid the wages and expenses of your representatives to go to the Coast in this connection. One look at the personnel of that delegation would certainly give the lie to statements that we sent Company "yes" men with instructions what they were to do. For years I felt that my duties ended with overseeing our Company's operations and our industrial relations. Recently, watching the encroachment of taxation on Company earnings, and seeing the statements defaming the Consolidated Company and all its works by union organizers, I have become doubtful. I am now convinced that it is my duty to show our men the dangers of our employees being torn by dissension, and the pitfalls if the Government should decide to nationalize industry. We have already seen signs that certain departments of the Government feel, if they leave a china nest-egg in the nest, industry will keep on producing the eggs and never know the difference. I would respectfully say that as long as our Country needs our war effort she will get it 100 percent and the Government in power will get our support. But I would advise those in authority not to count on industry's inabiltiy to see the china nest-egg. I think industry generally sees it a long way off. The greatest present danger I see to our organization is that the politicians may decide to nationalize industries in Canada. I don't care what the party in power called itself, in my opinion such action would not have to go very far before it completely wrecked our country. There are some who point to certain war projects, operated by industry for the Government, as proof that nationalization is possible and laudable. These include the nest-egg type of operations which will not work except in a national emergency. This old world will not work satisfactorily without the profit incentive. I think it is safe to say that there is not a man in 100,000 who will do his best unless there is something tangible for the extra effort. The same principle applies to companies. The "pinks" and "reds" call to high heaven in righteous indignation at the high salaries paid certain industrial leaders. Undoubtedly I am one of the damned. Yet companies rarely pay higher salaries than they know other companies would be only too willing to pay to get their men. I doubt if there is a really high-salaried man in Canadian industry who has not frequently been offered more money to take another job. The difference between efficient management and inefficient is often far greater than the difference between profit and loss. The difference between the value of the Sullivan mine, before its research problems were worked out, and after, is more than 100 times greater than all the salaries paid to all the men who had a part in solving the metallurgical problem. Do you think, then, that any of these men was overpaid? So much for the high salaried man. The case of the average men is much more important. Even a horse must know there is hay in the offing if he is to be kept working. Any farmer knows a horse must have hay and he also knows that he won't work his best without oats. In my opinion, state ownership is foreordained to inefficient operation. We certainly have enough examples to prove it. Every advocate of state ownership and every aspirant for public office offering the bait of state ownership says: "Yes, but those people were not efficient, or not properlyr qualified to control or manage such work." Shades of Ramsay MacDonald! Look at the men who are talking today! I know that we are largely to blame for the "pink" shades in our schools, our universities and even our churches. We are slowly starving the staffs of these institutions to death. If we wish our youth to get sane teaching, guidance and instruction, we should pay the teachers a decent living wage in order that they shall not see the world through smudged glasses. It is hard to expect a man to feel fair and just towards a world which treats him so unfairly. When a college professor sees a labourer in a war industry drawing a far bigger wage than he gets, or a comparatively untrained man drawing several times his salary as a contractor or operator, you can hardly blame him for seeing "red," and believing that the whole system is wrong, and that, if he could only succeed in upsetting the present system, he would find himself on top. What puzzles me is how he thinks he could stay there. I believe the first real storm would blow him overboard! To be more precise I will mention an individual who has aired his views rather conspicuously. This man happens to be an executive of the C.C.F. but his views would be just as dangerous if held by a leading Liberal or Conservative. I think there are many guilty of just as "screwy" thinking in each of the parties. The man to whom I want to refer is Frank Scott, co-author of "Make This Your Canada." Scott states that industry failed the country when the war started. Think of that statement after what I have told you about our industry tonight. There are many other industries not far behind us. I have been astonished at what Canadian industry has accomplished. Scott goes on to say that the Government had to steal C.C.F. thunder, so to speak, and create new state industries. He is not content with that charge, serious or comic, according to your viewpoint, but he goes on to accuse the Government of turning these new industries over to the established industries to operate instead of operating them itself, or perhaps turning them over to men like himself. Does he think that men can be taught to construct and operate these intricate plants overnight? Again, he states that the shareholders of the C.P.R. do not own the railway, and proceeds to prove it by citing the fact that a shareholders of the C.P.R. cannot ride its trains without paying his fare or have a suite in the Royal York at no charge. He advocates taking over the C.P.R. forthwith, and its subsidiaries (that's us) also. He doesn't say whether we, when as citizens and taxpayers we own the C.P.R., will be permitted to ride free. My personal taxes are fairly high but I pay for any trips I make on the Canadian National Railway. Mr. Scott is going to pick approximately $5,000,000,000 per year—apparently out of thin air or by operation of a printing press—to run the country. Remember, when there are no profits there can be no taxes! He is going to turn the wheels of industry when he thinks it desirable, whether it pays or not, and is not neglecting greatly extended social service legislation. He is going to cut the taxes on all receiving less than $3,000 a year (this group now pays almost $500,000,000 taxes per year). MARCH, 1944 His book is full of equally crazy statements. I only mention them to show you the half-baked stuff that some of our would-be reformers are advocating today. Now I want to get you thinking for yourself. I make the statement that we definitely cannot run Canada on a state ownership basis without a drastic cut in wages and standard of living. Please try and follow me for the next few minutes and I think you will then do some thinking for yourselves, and if you do, I am sure you will fight for the retention of free enterprise and the profit incentive just as hard as I— probably much harder, for I am near the end of my active career and therefore not as much concerned personally as you younger people. First of all, keep right in front of your eyes Fact One: That Canada must export a very large part of her production to live—"The Consolidated, B. C. and the prairies probably 80%." Second: These exports must be sold on foreign markets. Third: Canada has at least the second highest standard of living and wage scales in the world. If you average the whole population of the United States, it might even be the highest. Fourth: To date the United States has kept Canadian export under pretty close control by tariff restrictions. Fifth: To sell our products we must be able to produce at the price at which the purchaser will buy. Sixth: The above has been demonstrated time and again. Our wheat pool could not force the sale of wheat to Europe at high prices. It merely made Europe put back its ears and refuse to buy our wheat, forcing our price down to 50c a bushel. Seventh: To sell we must produce cheaply. To produce cheaply at a high wage scale we must keep high production efficiency. On the basis of these seven facts I think you will readily conclude that we must be stimulated by the necessity for maximum production by the most efficient and economical methods if our nation is to retain its place. We must always be careful that we maintain our high standard of living and that the measure of security for which we all strive shall be something more than rationed poverty. I contend that to retain high efficiency and to maintain and improve our standard of living we must avoid Government operation or socialization of enterprise. If our efficiency goes down, our costs will go up. Our present margin of profit is under 6%. A very slight drop in efficiency would wipe that out. I would expect that the drop would be many times 6%. Remember a drop of 3 3 1/3% in efficiency would increase costs 50%. Within the last month I talked to the president of a very large American company. He had been on a business exploration trip to South America. He had visited many factories— one a razor blade factory in Brazil—an excellent plant run under an American foreman and native labour. The foreman told him his labour was fully equal to American; wages were from 6c to 12c an hour. The same wages were paid in the enormous meat packing plants. He could see great difficulty in trying to export to those countries. The inefficiency of Government operation in Canada was clearly shown in the Duff Commission report on the railway situation. Nine years after the inauguration of Government ownership the cost of branch lines on the National railway had risen to $51,000 per mile, while the same cost on the C.P.R. had dropped to $30,000—a differential of 70%. With regard to hotels, the C.P.R. had $7,000,000 profit, while the National railway had lost $2,000,000, yet the men of the National were anxious to do the best they could and were far from incompetents! During the last war England nationalized her coal mines. The output per man dropped 30%. When these mines were returned to the owners the output was increased 70%. In fairness it must be said that in this case the result was of course mixed up with wartime work and therefore could not be argued as normal. Our Government, then, would have to subsidize our industry. To do so they would have to print money. The European countries which tried it found it wouldn't work— they hadn't enough zeros in Germany to print a $10 bill. Experiments in the "isms" to date have wound up with reduced standards of living and wages, followed by unrest or even revolution, followed in turn by dictatorships and deferred promises of future advantages to come, such as the people's automobile for the German. In almost every case the ordinary populace have been reduced to vassals cowed by military police. It is not a bit of use saying "This is Canada. It can't happen here." One would have thought the same of the happy Italian population, of the French peoples with all their culture, and of the Germans who seemed to embody the spirit of practicabiltiy and industry. It is perhaps too soon to understand the Russian experiment, but this we know: They are making a remarkable fight; they have put up with inconceivable standards of living to provide for their war machine. I understand that even before Lenin died they had returned to differential wage scales and that they are now inviting free enterprise to operate again in Russia. I do not want to convey the idea that I think we have attained perfection or that we have not lots wrong with our Governments or our industrial system. I do want, however, to caution against scrapping our present system, which after all has given us a sure and rapid advance in our standard of living in the last forty years, and in this I know whereof I speak. I started work in Trail 45 years ago on August 1st next at $2.00 a day—11-hour day shift, 13-hour night shift. Then we had no autos, no trucks, no cranes. Horses, mules and humans were our only motive power. We had no picture shows, no radio. We had one phone circuit in the plant and not even a phonograph in town. It is perhaps well to ponder these things, for much of the world still lags behind that. Unquestionably let us try to improve, but let us start from where we are now and not take the chance of losing what we have, and our freedom with it. You will want to know as much as I can tell you of our plans for the future. Our Company is working in conjunction with others in the Province to do research work with a view to providing additional employment after the war and also to protect free enterprise. Probably you are more concerned with The Consolidated Company's own plans in the immediate post-war period. Unless we are taken over by the state, we believe we can take care of all our men now in His Majesty's service when they return, placing them as nearly as possible where they would have been had they remained at home. At present our gold mines are all shut down. We have many men at work who are, or should be, superannuated and some boys under age as well as married women whose husbands have jobs. We therefore do not anticipate much trouble in finding sufficient work to take care of our force especially as we have quite a lot of outside work we can do, such as housing, etc., to help the employment situation when that happy day arrives. We fully realize our responsibility in this but I object strenuously to the statement that industry must be responsible for all employment. Over 60% of industry's profits are taken for direct taxes, company and individual. This was far from the situation when the last war started. I submit that THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE the Government must share this responsibility if it continues this high rate of taxation. In the United Kingdom, where we probably have the strongest and best posted labor party in the world, they have repeatedly turned down socialization of industry and voted to retain free enterprise. Stephen Leacock says Socialism would only work in Heaven, where they don't need it, or Hell, where they have it already. This does not mean that there is never a case for nationalization. There is. But it does mean that the decision should not be taken without careful consideration of the merits of the case. And if public management is to be at all successful, it must be provided with its own system of incentives. Without an appropriate system of rewards for enterprise and penalties for failure, public management would almost certainly have disappointing results. In no country has this need been as fully realized as in Russia. I would ask you, then, to study this whole question with your eyes and ears open, and make your own decision, realizing the importance of that decision. If any of you wish to ask any questions, I will answer them if I can, to the best of my ability. You should discuss these questions with your fellows, not in the heat of argument but in the full seriousness the occasion requires. We are all in the same boat and if the country is set back the nation will go back, not just the few. The road back to recovery in Italy, France and Germany seems to be almost hopeless. It might be the same here. Why it is that, although we have the highest standard of living we have ever had, with our Trail employees receiving an average of over $600 a year more than in 1939, with our knowledge that Canada has equalled and surpassed anything anyone hoped for in her war effort, with the certain knowledge that the time of war has turned in our favor, we are not a satisfied and happy people? This I can answer easily. We have listened ourselves into a defeatist attitude. We have listened to a lot of propaganda issued by the apostles of gloom. We have undoubtedly listened to some of this stuff from fifth columnists and, unfortunately, some of it from others who are merely biased, discouraged and thwarted men who, instead of looking themselves over to discover the source of failure, •find it so much more comfortable to lay the blame on anything and everything and everyone else except themselves. They would even destroy their country rather than admit their failure. Don't forget that, wittingly or unwittingly, discord can only bring advantage to Hitler. Many have let these things destroy their faith in God, their country, their leaders, their industries, their fellows and even themselves. Our remedy is simple. Snap out of our lethargy. Weigh the things that are good on the same scales as the things that are bad. Refuse to lie or listen to lies. Get back our faith in God. We will soon see that our country is magnificent. In spite of the many mistakes that have been made we will see that, by and large, our Governments have been successful, our industries and workmen have been superb, and, most important of all, we will regain complete faith in ourselves. This can all be done overnight and the sun of contentment and happiness will shine through any smoke screen our enemies can manufacture. In the readjustment period we will have to face many difficulties, but if we face them as a united nation we can and will work them out. I cannot think of Canada and failure at the same time. While we will have difficulties and lots of them, I have faith that, if we keep our heads, we will see as much advance in the next ten years as in any ten years in history. May I conclude by quoting the introductory" paragraph of an article by Rotarian T. A. Warren, C.B.E., in "Rotary Service," the official organ of Rotary in the British Isles. Mr. Warren is an eminent educationalist of 40 years standing and I earnestly commend his thought to you: "Our optimists believe that one short march beyond Berlin will bring us Utopia; that milk and honey will then flow from some mysterious planning or from Acts of Parliament. I rejoice in my own belief that they are wrong. I seek security and the precious freedoms for my fellows all across the world; and will strive and struggle for them. But we were created to live by effort, and I believe the valley of ease emerges at national decadence. History abundantly backs me in this." Edison's Dream February 11 commemorated the 97th birthday of Thomas A. Edison, one of the greatest of Americans and the supreme inventive genius of the industrial age. The staggering list of his inventions compels us to realize the extent of his contribution to the United States and to the world, not merely in our own days, but for all time to come. Already he has, through the disciplined activity of his ideas, produced billions of dollars of new wealth. Much more important than the new material wealth which his inventions have brought forth are the new paths in the pursuit of humman happiness indicated by them. He sought the secrets of nature and devised the means to exploit these secrets in order that they might be applied for the betterment of man. What seemed even more important than genius was his extraordinary capacity for unflagging hard work, which led him to "scorn delights and live laborious days." He refused to accept at any time the idea of defeat and regarded the failure of an experiment as merely an incitement to further effort. He believed with the poet that "we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better." His life and example give us courage to make a better world, to turn our increasing control over nature away from the works of destruction into the labor of creation, away from ugliness into the development of beauty. We learn the secrets of swiftness, power, and light, utilizing unseen forces hitherto hostile and deadly, to make life not merely safer and easier but also more complete. That was his imaginative dream. Excerpt from Edison broadcast, February 11, 1944, by Charles Seymour, President, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Vancouver, Canada office of the president March 9, 1944. Bruce A. Robinson, Esq., President, Alumni Association, The University of British Columbia, 1106 Homer Street Vancouver, B. C. Dear Mr. Robinson: The Board of Governors at the meeting on January 31st appointed Norman Archibald MacRae MacKenzie, M.M. and Bar, B.A., LL.B. (Dalhousie), LL.M. (Harvard), LL.D. (Mount Allison and New Brunswick), K.C, F.R.S.C, as President of the University of British Columbia to succeed President L. S. Klinck as from July 1st, 1944. Yours very truly, L. S. KLINCK. MARCH, 1944 ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA President Bruce A. Robinson, B.A., B.A.Sc. '36 First Vice-President G. E. (Ted) Baynes, B.A.Sc. '32 Records Secretary Miss Margaret Morrison, B.A. '27 Members at Large Campbell Duncan, B.A. '27 R. D. J. Guy. B.A. '31, Barrister-at-law Wm. Thomson, B.A. '28 Chairman. Publications Committee Darren T. Braidwood, M.A. '40, Barrister-at-law r>2"> Seymour Street Vancouver. B. C. Second Vice-President Miss Mary Fallis, B.A. '32 Secretary- Miss Pat Kenmuir, B.A. '39 997 Dunsmuir Street Assistant Secretary Miss Mary Mulvin, B.S.A. '43 Secretary-Treasurer Mrs. Shirley Gross, B.A. '42 Students' Council Offices, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C. Third Vice-President J. C. Berry, B.S.A. '27, M.S.A. '37, Ph.D., '39 (Iowa State) Treasurer P. R. Brissenden, B.A. '31, Barrister-at-law Representatives Graduating- Class W. R. Smith, B.A.Sc. '43 Alma Mater Society Dick Bibbs, '45 Social Service Alumni Club Miss Margaret Johnson, B.A. '29 THE ASSSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS OF THE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Officers — Members of Council — Board of Examiners 1944 President ....H. C. Anderson, M.E.I.C., B.C.L.S.—Civil Vice-President..P. M. Knapp, B.S.F., M.S.F., Mem.C.S.F.E.—Forest Past President W. H. Hill, B.S.A., M.S.A.—Chemical MEMBERS OP COUNCIL: C. B. Alexander, B.Sc. in C.E., M.E.I.C, Civil T. H. Crosby, B.A.Sc, Mem.A.I.E.E., Electrical F. A. Forward, B.A.Sc, M.C.I.M., Mem.A.I.M.E., Metallurgical A. Lighthall, B.Sc, B.C.L.S., Civil G. C. Lipsey, B.A.Sc, M.C.I.M., Mem.A.I.M.E., Mining A. IT. Robertson, Mechanical W. O. C. Scott, M.A.Sc, M.E.I.C, Mem.A.S.M.E., Mechanical L. B. Stacey, B.A.Sc, Mem.A.I.E.E., Electrical cotjnch. REGISTRAR AND SECRETARY-TREASURER: A. D. Creer, M.E.I.C, M.lnst.C.E. DISTRICT ADVISORY COMMITTEES Vancouver Island—P. B. Freeland (Chairman), E. Davis, F. D. Mulholland, H. E. Stevens, J. F. "Walker. Central B. C.—C. Varcoe (Chairman), W. Ramsay. Northern B. C.—J. J. little (Chairman), F. N. Good, W. L. Stamford. Eastern B. C.—-E. Smith (Chairman), H. D. Dawson, H. S. Fowler, F. S. Peters, A. C Ridgers, W. J. Tindale, R. Pollard (Hon. Sec). Okanag-an-Similkameen—A. G. Pearson (Chairman), A. S. Duck- ett, W. R. Lindsay. BOARD OF EXAMINERS Chairman H. J. MacLeod, M.A., M.Sc. Ph.D., M.E.I.C, Mem.A.I.E.E. Chemical Branch: \V. F. Seyer, B.A., M.Sc, Ph.D. G. S. Eldridge, B.Sc, M.C.I.M. Civil Branch: F. A. Wilkin, B.A.Sc, B.C.L.S. Randolph M. Martin John Davidson, B.C.L.S. Electrical Branch: H J. MacLeod. M.A., M.Sc, Ph.D., M.E.I.C, Mem.A.I.E.E. R. A. Story, B.A.Sc. J. H. Steede, B.A.Sc, Assoc.A.I.E.E. With reference in an advisory capacity to C. A. K. Cornwall, M.Sc. H. Ritchie, R.M.C Members of the Board Forest Branch: P. L. Lyford, B.S.A., Mem.C.S.F.E. M. W. Gormely, B.A.Sc, Mem.C.S.F.E. With reference in an advisory capacity to H. H. Baxter, Mem.C.S.F.E. F. D. Mulholland, Mem.C.S.F.E., Mem.E.F.A. Mechanical Branch: W. O. Richmond, B.A.Sc, M.S.. Mem.A.S.M.E. H. P. Archibald, B.A.Sc, M.E.I.C, M.C.I.M. W. N. Kelly, M.E.I.C. H. M. Mcllroy, M.Sc. With reference in an advisory capacity to Bernard Dunell, A.C.G.I., Assoc.M.Inst.CE. F. W. Vernon. B.Sc.Eng.. Wh.Sch., • A.M.I.Mech.E., A.F.R.A.S. H. B. Muckleston, R.M.C, M.Am.Soc.CE. Mining Branch: T. B. Freeland, M.C.I.M. R. J. Spry, B.A.Sc, M.C.I.M., Mem.A.I.M.E. M. Y. Williams, B.Sc, Ph.D., F.G.S.A., F.R.S.C, M.C.I.M. C. O. Swanson, M.A.Sc, Ph.D., M.C.I.M., Mem.A.I.M.E. With reference in an advisory capacity to J. M. Turnbull, B.A.Sc, M.C.I.M. M. M. O'Brien, B.Sc, M.C.I.M., Mem.A.I.M.E. Structural Branch: A. Pearson, B.Sc, Assoc.M.Inst.CE. P. B. Stroyan. B.A.Sc, M.E.I.C. R. A. McLachlan, S.B. With reference in an advisory capacity to C. T. Hamilton, B.A.Sc, M.E.I.C., B.C.L.S., D.L.S. J. R. Grant, B.Sc, M.E.I.C, M.Am.Soc.CE. 10 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE ew \di resiaen i U. B. C. Editor's Note: In February the Board of Governors announced the appointment of Dr. Norman Mackenzie as next President of the University of British Columbia. The Graduate Chronicle wishes to extent its congratulations to Dr. Mackenzie and we trust that he will have every success in his new post. In order that all graduates may obtain a clearer picture of our new President, we are printing herewith, by permission, an editorial appearing in the Vancouver Sun on February 12th, 1944. Dr. Norman Archibald MacKenzie, K.C, has been chosen new president of the University of British Columbia. He is a well-known Maritimer, bred in the hardy blue-nosed community of our Atlantic seaboard. He is also a well-rounded Canadian with a broad understanding of the whole Dominion and its people. With all his qualifications as an educationalist he will bring to our university, above all, a sense of Canada and a fine, vigorous Canadianism. The Sun recently presented to its readers an advice to appoint Dr. George Weir to the office of president of our university on the ground that he had added to his splendid academic qualifications a special experience useful in the field of student post-war rehabilitation. But the news from Fredericton yesterday is that the Selection Committee has decided in favor of a younger man, one to whom U.B.C. will be completely virgin territory. For Dr. MacKenzie it may be said that he does not in the least belong to the old-fashioned or sheltered tradition of pedagogy. He has had the advantage of a world-wide experience. Just out of school, he went to the last war in the ranks and, like his Scottish forebears, was a lusty fighting man. On his return to Canada he completed his education, made himself one of the leading constitutional lawyers of the nation. There followed the years of his apprenticeship as a college professor, and finally the University of New Brunswick had the good sense to make him its principal. In the idyllic town of Fredericton he has led in developing the university into one of the outstanding of the smaller educational institutions of Eastern Canada. He was much more to the Maritimes than a university man. He quickly became the guide, philosopher and friend of leaders of every kind. Not only students but teachers, politicians and businessmen sought his counsel and were not disappointed. It is said that he fitted completely into the life of the Maritimes, a lean, hard life for most of their people, a life born out of the tradition of the U. E. Loyalists, out of long toil in the forests and on the stern fishing coast. Dr. MacKenzie was never a party politician. With all parties and all groups he was at home and no one seems to know to this day how he votes. This proper political Catholicism in a man of his responsibilities did not prevent him becoming one of Canada's keenest students of public affairs, which he can discuss with equal facility among the statesmen of Ottawa and on the rail fences of New Brunswick. To him the vision of Canada as a nation, the vision of tis history, its resources and its mighty future come with peculiar clarity, which he is able to interpret in words clear to the ordinary man. It is this quality which should make him in his new post, a powerful force not only for the good of British Columbia but for the country as a whole. A home-spun man, with no vestige of "side" about him, a human sort with a fine understanding of people, of industry, of agriculture and all the varied aspects of our Canadian life, he will take our university to the people and, we do not hesitate to predict, will make its value known as it has never been in British Columbia before. Dr. MacKenzie will be giving up an important post and cherished surroundings to come to Vancouver, and he is coming because he sees in Vancouver a great metropolis of the future, in British Columbia one of the most populous and important parts of Canada. Here is one of the greatest posts of responsibility within this province's gifts, for U.B.C. is relatively a baby—a very lusty one—ready to take advantage of a vast growth that is certain to ensue. Dr. MacKenzie will have big problems with which to deal. Not only to "sell" the idea of more and better education throughout the province, but to consider enlargement of the whole field of effort within the university. Establishment of medical and law schools are on the possible list, not to mention health training and pharmacy. The new president will have a great opportunity here. MARCH, 1944 11 f SttJi on Kttxm fbttrfitt t Editor's Note: Herewith are printed the latest available reports on those graduates who have become casualties in the present war. The Chronicle wishes to stress the fact that these reports are largely from unconfirmed sources and we are anxious to hear any further word that any of our readers may have about those listed here. BOMBARDIER JAMES CHARTERS, R.C.A., has been reported killed at Dieppe. F.O. WILLIAM JOHN MAITLAND, R.C.A.F., was killed on active service in January, 1944. WILLIAM JOHN BOYCE, Pilot Officer, R.C.A.F., who was reported missing in July last, was killed overseas and buried at Munchen-Gladback, Germany, according to International Red Cross information. Following his graduation in Mechanical Engineering from the University of British Columbia in 1938, he was employed by the Riverside Iron Works, Calgary, and the Canadian Car & Foundry Company, Fort William, until his enlistment in 1941. He was twenty-seven. LIEUT. WILLIAM FRASER McLELLAND, of the Saskatchewan Regt., was killed in action in Sicily in 1943. Lieut. McLellan received his B.Comm. in 1940 and was the President of the Graduation Class in that yaer. P.O. JOHN GORDON McRAE, R.C.A.F., of Agassiz, was killed in action in October, 1943. LIEUTENANT DACRE LOWTHER BARRETT-LEN- NARD of the Seaforth Highlanders was killed in action in Italy on January 31st, 1944. He was a former member of the Players' Club and received his B.A. in October, 1939. PTE. FRANK BRADNER BEATON of the Seaforths was killed in action in Italy on Jan. 31, 1944. P.O. KEITH GREGORY BERRY, R.C.A.F., of Surrey Centre, was killed in action in air operations Jan. 15, 1944. F.O. JOHN HUDSON BENTON, R.C.A.F., B.A.Sc. '3 8 in Forest Engineering, has been reported killed in action in July, 1943. SGT.-PILOT JOHN HANNAH BLACK, R.C.A.F., died overseas, March 13, 1943. AVIATION CADET ARNOLD MAURITZ NORDALE, U.S. Air Forces, was killed in a training accident at Chico, California, in December, 1943. LIEUT. ARTHUR LESLIE ROBINSON of the Seaforths was killed in Italy in January, 1944. Lieut. Robinson was from Kamloops and received his B.A. in October, 1934. MAJOR THOMAS CULLEN BROWN VANCE of the Seaforths, B.A. '36, was killed in Italy in January, 1944. LIEUT. RICHARD ALEXANDER WILSON, Seaforth Highlanders, was killed in Italy in December, 1943. Lieut. Wilson received his B.A. in 1941 and was a member of Delta Upsilon. THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE GEORGE ERIC DUNELL, Sub-Lieut. (E.), R.C.N.V.R., who was officially reported missing and presumed killed by enemy action on January 7th last, was the only son of Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Dunell, North Vancouver. Educated at the North Star Public, North Vancouver High School and the University of British Columbia, he graduated on May 14th with second class honours in Mechanical Engineering. With two of his classmates he left for Halifax on the night of their graduation day to take a three months' course on H.M.C.S. Stadacona. On the train journey the party of young engineers was augmented by the addition of other university graduates so that on arrival at Halifax it consisted of some seventy volunteer engineers. At the end of the summer Eric and about forty others left for England on loan to the Royal Navy and was commissioned to a frigate, H.M.S. Tweed. The sinking of this ship has now been officially announced by the Admiralty, and while most of the officers and many of the ratings were saved, Eric was not amongst the fortunate ones. <^> PRESUMED DEAD FLT. SGT. DAVID LACHLAN BAIN, R.C.A.F., was presumed dead after a raid over Berlin in March of 1943. LIEUT. ARMOUR McKENNEY BULL, R.C.N., B.A. '25, was presumed dead in September 1943. F.O. OLIVER MANSELL CORNISH, R.C.A.F., presumed dead in February, 1944. SGT. PILOT RICHARD NOEL CRUIT, R.C.A.F., presumed dead, February, 1944. P.O. JAMES JOSEPH McCARRY, R.C.A.F., missing since June, 1943, and presumed dead February, 1944. HAROLD CHARLES EDWARD STEWART, L.A.C, R.C.A.F., was killed in a flying accident at Dunnville, Ontario, on January 17th. He was twenty-three years old and joined the Air Force while still a student in engineering at the University. (%J MISSING FLT. LIEUT. DONALD HARTFORD CLARK, D.F.C, R.C.A.F., missing February, 1944, after a plane collision over the Gulf of Mexico. FLT. SGT. PETER WILLIAM HEDLEY CRICKMAY, R.C.A.F., B.S.A. '38, missing on active service, February, 1944. F.O. ROBERT GORDON CROSBY, R.C.A.F., B.A.Sc. '39 in Geological Engineering, reported missing Feb., 1944. F.O. MERVYN DAVIS, R.C.A.F., missing after air operations, Feb., 1944. F.O. WILLIAM REID GLEN, R.C.A.F., missing on active service, Feb., 1944. SURGEON LIEUT.-COMMANDER WILLIAM DONALD GUNN, R.N., M.C., CM., reported missing after Hong Kong, April, 1943, reported a prisoner of war and in January, 1944, reported working in Bowen Hospital, Hong Kong. WING-COMMANDER ARTHUR NORMAN MARTIN, R.C.A.F., B.A. '36, B.Comm. '37, missing after air operations overseas, February, 1944. F.O. ALEXANDER GRAY ORR, R.C.A.F., was reported missing in India in December, 1943. LIEUT. ERNEST ROY PELLANT of the Seaforths, B.A. '40, missing in action, February, 1944. P.O. HUGH ROSS WILSON, R.C.A.F., missing in air operations over Berlin, February, 1944. MARCH, 1944 13 PRISONERS OF WAR REGINALD HARRY BROWN, B.S.A. '40, in Japan. DR. A. W. H. DONALDSON, Vancouver's first Rhodes Scholar, 1904, in Germany. WM. DONALD GUNN, in Hong Kong. RALPH REYNOLDS HENDERSON, in Germany. GEORGE REDPATH JOHNSTON, B.A. '36, in Germany. GEORGE JOSEPH KANE, B.A. '36, Prisoner of War. JOSEPH DONALD PENN McLEOD, Prisoner of War. ROSS SHELDON McLACHLAN, in Germany. HAROLD C. POOLE, B.S.A. '40, in Malaya. GEORGE EDWARD SENDALL, in Germany. RALPH WILBERT TULLY, Prisoner of War. RICHARD WALLACE, presumed Prisoner of War. LESLIE WARD, interned in Eire. STANLEY WESTON, B.S.A. '39, presumed Prisoner of War in Camp Borneo. <^> WOUNDED Many graduates have been reported wounded in action. Among these are the following: LIEUT. ROBERT WILLIAM BONNER, Seaforths, B.A. '42, in Italy. Lieut. Bonner was a former member of the Students' Council and a member of Delta Upsilon. LIEUT. JOHN ALLAN BOURNE, Seaforths, B.A. '34, in Sicily. CAPT. W. HALL, R.C.E., Forest Engineering '32, awarded the Military Cross for service with the Imperial Army in the Mediterranean area. LIEUT. DAVID ALAN HARPER, B.Comm. '42, in Italy. LIEUT. DAVID MILTON OWEN of the Seaforths, B.A. '34. Lieut. Owen was a former Students' Councillor and active in Alumni work. t QDbituama f JOHN FRANKLIN COATS—B.Sc, Michigan Agricultural College, died in Vancouver on December 29th, 1943, at the age of sixty-seven. He was well-known among mining men and carried on a consulting practice until shortly before his death. Among the companies with which he was connected were the Granby Consolidated and the Georgia River Gold Mines. ALVAH ERNEST FOREMAN—B.Sc, McGill; M.E.I.C; M.C.E.S.A., M.A.S.T.M., passed away at the North Vancouver General Hospital on February 19th after an illness of more than a year. A member of the Committee which drew up the "Model Act" for the Engineering Profession in Montreal in 1919, he was appointed to the Provisional Council of the Association of Professional Engineers in B.C. in 1920. He became President in 1922. Mr. Foreman was well-known as an athlete and scholar at McGill and graduated at the head of his class in 1903. From 1917 to 1920 he was Chief Engineer of the Provincial Department of Public Works. For some years he was British Columbia Manager of the Portland Cement Company but of later years was in private business. SIDNEY ELMER WILSON—B.A.Sc, British Columbia; Jr. M.C.I.M., died on December 4th, 1943, in Vancouver as the result of an attack of pneumonia. Mr. Wilson, a graduate in Mining Engineering, was one of the original stakers of the Yalakon gold strike in 1941. Since then he had been employed by the Bralorne Mines. He was thirty years of age. JAMES BARKER WOODWORTH, born in Grand Pre, Nova Scotia, in December, 1877, died in Vancouver on January 17th. He carried on a consulting practice and had been connected with many well-known mines in Eastern and Western Canada. t+J m* <*j City Airman Awarded Distinguished flying Cross Air Force headquarters announced award of Distinguished Flying Crosses to two R.C.A.F. officers serving overseas, one of whom fought against the Japs in December, 1941, when the losing battle for Singapore was waged. The other officer decorated participated in the daring attack against the German pocket battleship Prinz Eugen off Norway in May, 1942, and is credited with a successful attack against the warship despite heavy defences around it. D.F.C.'s were awarded Fit. Lt. R. Bonnar of Ottawa and Fit. Lt. R. V. Manning of 4623 West 10th Ave., Vancouver. Fit. Lt. Manning's citation: "Fit. Lt. Manning has taken part in several torpedo bomber attacks with good results. In April, 1942, he participated in an attack on an enemy convoy in the Skagerak and in May, 1942, he was pilot of one of a formation of aircraft which penetrated the heavy defences around the Prinz Eugen off Norway and made a successful attack on the cruiser. THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE LOOKinG QT POST-WPR EDUCflTIOIl By DONALD A. C. McGILL, B.A. Editor's Note: On February 16-18 a confer- /^ cnce of Western Canadian University Students was held at Edmonton. The subject of the Conference was the University and Post-War Education. The University of British Columbia sent four delegates: Rosemary Stewart, Harold Parratt, Jack Hethering- _ ton and Donald McGill. Mr. McGill, the writer of "\$ this article, has recently left the armed services and is now doing post-graduate work on the campus. An inter-university conference at Edmonton last month disclosed that higher education in Canada is a lot more satisfactory than most people ordinarily believe. Composed of student delegates from the four western universities, the conference disclosed, also, that students themselves are tolerably well-equipped to discuss the more technical aspects of education. The implications of these two facts are, indeed, huge, and merit some attention. The three-day conference was conducted on the traditional seminar system. At four main seminars, four prominent Alberta educationalists each presented a leading address, then presided over the ensuing discussion. President Robert Newton of the University of Alberta pointed out postwar careers open to graduates. Dean of Agriculture R. D. Sinclair, a delegate to the Hot Springs Food Conference, discussed Canadian agriculture and world planning. The Alberta minister of Education, Solon Low, spoke on future trends in elementary education, while Dr. S. Hillerud of the Extension Department described the university's proper relationship to the community. Politics headed Dr. Newton's list of careers, but the conference did not, in its across-the-table discussions, at least, unqualifiedly endorse politics as an occupation. Several delegates stated that university education was much better fitted to training men and women to the civil service, and maintained that politics, by virtue of its organization and temperament, must be satisfied with the hit-or-miss process by which it selects its personnel and leadership. At the same time, the president made an appeal which the conference could hardly reconcile with its anti-politics sentiment. "We must not," said Dr. Newton, "sell our democratic birthright for a mess of bureaucracy." However, delegates felt that university graduates could contribute to the overthrow of bureaucracy by concentrating their best efforts on their various professions and vocations. Individualism would thereby have a better chance of surviving than if everyone became tangled in political controversy. The addresses of Mr. Low and Dr. Hillerud were exact opposites as far as educational trends are concerned. Mr. Low showed how the school system was tending to more practical training and placing less and less emphasis on university entrance qualifications. Dr. Hillerud, on the other hand, showed how the university, by virtue of its theoretical approach, was being hard put to defend its position in the community. He was satisfied with the adequacy of present courses taught, but said the job of "selling" the university point of view to the public was at times overwhelming, and part of the difficulty he ascribed to the graduate's hazy notion of the university's purpose. The delegates- discussion clarified this conflict between elementary and higher education. The courses offered in the schools, some believed, did not prepare the the student sufficiently for university work. Compulsory Latin and Greek and classical education were required as a background for economics, history, English, philosophy and even the sciences. In fact, the conference voted unanimously for a recommendation that "humanistic social studies," a course recently adopted by the University of Toronto and dealing with the history and nature of ideas, be a requirement for all students, no matter what they were specializing in. The delegates' general conclusion was that a stiffening of university entrance, closer relationship between school and university courses and a more intelligent choice by the student of his courses would help prepare a graduate who knew the deeper meaning of his advanced education. Dean Sinclair's address was that of a man who believed in (and had witnessed) goodwill at international conferences. He believed, also, the universities were the source of men of goodwill, and so justified their expense. Like the president, he warned against bureaucracy and compulsion, and called upon universities to send men and women forth who would fight back the tide which is fast engulfing individual enterprise. With regard to agriculture, he said the study of nutrition, of food distribution and of world marketing depended on the universities. Out of the conference has sprung the idea of the Dominion Conference of University Students, a permanent organization to replace the new defunct National Federation of Canadian University Students (N.F.C.U.S.). Instead of being just another federation, the Dominion Conference will devote most of its efforts to discussing, from the student point of view, the techniques and trends of education. This recent gathering at Edmonton was a distinct surprise in that respect, and the U.B.C. delegates feel it should be continued on such a basis. Perhaps the conference topic—"The Uni - versities in the Postwar Period"—was not fully settled, but the university and its significance emerged as a real, living institution—from a purely youthful point of view. Almost unwittingly, the delegates ran across educational truths their professors have long been trying to impress upon them. MARCH, 1944 15 some PROBLEms of GOVERnmEm I was very delighted to be invited to such a gathering, representing as it does the cream of the Professions of British Columbia. I use the word "Cream," gentlemen, because you are the "Builders" in every sense of the word. No matter what particular type of engineering you follow, you just naturally "Construct" and anyone who undertakes a task of that kind in a young and undeveloped country, such as this Province is, automatically fills a very important place in the community. Let me say at once, that since 1924 I have had contact in one way and another with Municipal Engineers and Provincial Government Engineers, and never at any time have I had more pleasure in my business dealings than with members of your Profession. It may be that those of your members whom I have been connected with have often felt sorry for me at my lack of knowledge "Engineerwise" and so have given me an extra kindly helping hand—be that as it may, those associated with me have been kindness itself. Mr. President, I feel that I can talk frankly to such a body as you, representing as you do a highly technical branch of society, and I hope that in the few words I shall say to you that you will not feel that I have talked politics—because that is not my intention, although it is sometimes very difficult to keep entirely away from it. But perchance it would not be a bad idea for you to be very interested in them. I think it is an excellent thing that you gather together each year in annual convention—not only to discuss problems of great interest to your profession but that you may mingle socially together. Even in your work the different types of engineering that are necessary and required in various parts of the Province, must give you a wide range of topics to discuss. Last Fall we gathered all our Engineers together on the Coast for a general chat, and I am sure much good developed from it. We had hoped to make that an annual gathering but conditions this year have precluded that, but we will fill in again next year. I do not think that anyone will question the fact that the future of British Columbia—no matter in what direction you look—will depend tremendously on what "outlook" you gentlemen have for the future and how you apply your energies to it. Look where you will at some point or the other, an Engineer's services, brain and talents must sooner or later be employed—not only in your case is it just a matter of employment—the public looks to you for leadership—you have a responsbiility to them as well as to your clients. This is particularly so when you are in a Municipal or Government Service. In those cases not only is it necessary to do a good engineering job, but you many times have to educate the public to it because they, like any of us who are laymen, are sometimes quite ignorant of the reasons for your actions. Now I want to tell you a few of the problems that face the Government, because from some of them, at least, I think you will see the vista of a great amount of future work that has to be done—and in which some of you are bound to become interested either in your private practice or Municipal work. Every Government today is giving much thought to after-war problems. Provincially they transcend everything as we are not running the war. It has been the duty of our Public Works Department to Consider well where we stand in that regard—especially with reference to roads. Roads to us as a Province fill two needs: AN ADDRESS GIVEN AT THE RECENT ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. By THE HONORABLE MR. HERBERT ANSCOMB, Minister of Public Works. (1) The economic development of the Province itself as far as its industrial life is concerned—in other words, its internal economy. No success in the Province without that—business first. (2) The Tourist traffic We do not, of course, begin to measure up as far as roads are concerned, with our neighbors to the South. We have no reason to be ashamed of that when we recognize our vast territory and lack of population—only 850,000, just about enough for one good-sized city—but we propose now to try and adjust that condition in the future. The Government has proposed a very ambitious road program, a program that in its entirety may cost $210,- 000,000, and while that sum seems to be very large, particularly when you view it in the light of the present Provincial debt, it nevertheless must be considered in the realm of the circumstances that prevailed during the last depression. In that period the Federal Government, and the Province, between them, spent $75,000,000 for relief, or doles, or whatever you like to call it, and have, just about as near as I can express it, nothing whatever to show for it. So that, may I say, that from my viewpoint I would rather spend a hundred million dollars, even if it had to be all based on the credit of the Province, and have some really first class road system to show for it, than spend another $75,000,000 and be in the hopeless situation we were in at the close of the last depression. The plan itself is predicated on a seven year operation, which would employ roughly 9000 men continually at a minimum of about $1,800 per year, depending naturally on the class and type of work that they perform. THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE When you realize that today we have about 23,000 miles of road in the Province, 7,000 of them considered main highways, with only 1,500 miles of hard topped, and in addition 5,293 bridges, which if placed end to end would cover a distance of 62 miles, you gather some idea of the magnitude of the problem. It should also be understood that we propose to construct a type of road first class in every respect, if not better than those in the adjoining State of Washington, at least to a standard that when you travel from Washington to British Columbia you would not know that you had moved from one State to another Province other than the fact that you had passed Customs and Immigration officials. When the work is under way its ramifications will automatically be tremendous on the economic life of the Province. The expenditure of that vast sum of money will filter into the free enterprises of the Province—cement factories, asphalt factories and even back into the woods for timber. We cannot, of course, compare the cost of construction in British Columbia with that in any other part of Canada because of the fact that most of our roads flow east and west over north-south mountain ranges where the cost of construction is extremely high compared with that of flat prairie lands, and the bridging of rivers and streams and ferrying over lakes, adds to the other high costs. We propose to have a Southern Trans-provincial Highway that will feed all the southern populated section of the Province; a completed Trans-Canada Highway that will lead through to the prairie provinces; a Northern Trans-Provincial Highway, the heaviest construction of which, from Prince Rupert to Kitwanga, has now just about become completed as a war measure by the Federal Government. They have built a very excellent road along, or shall I say into, the Skeena River, because that is what it actually means in some places, and while the road is not as wide as we would like to have it, it nevertheless has opened up an outlet for the people of Prince Rupert eastward, that they would not have secured for many years under peace time circumstances. We want also to modernize the historic Cariboo Road, as far as Prince George, and then we have the new problem now of opening up a link from Prince George into the Peace River country. That particular problem I want to speak to you about in a few moments. We will also modernize the Island Highway on Vancouver Island, which, as a matter of fact, is the centre of the tourist attraction in the Province. In order that we may be ready to do our part we are actually now undertaking surveys along some of the main highways which we know will be definitely settled as to the future routes, and getting them surveyed out so that the moment the necessity arises for us to put men to work, subject to other conditions being provided for, we will be ready to do so. Now I mentioned the size of the program, and also that it was beyond the financial resources of the Province to undertake itself; that brings me to the point that it should be definitely understood the program is predicated on the Federal Government assuming a very large portion of the undertaking. It should do that because it is distinctly a rehabilitation program, and where rehabilitation means that we are going to take care of not only our returned men, but men who have been working in war industries as a direct result of the war. The war itself is a National problem, and rehabilitation also comes under that category, and that is why I say very definitely the Federal Government must assume its responsibilities from the money end of the program, leaving ourselves to undertake the actual construction work. As a matter of fact it will be easier for the Federal Government to finance problems of that kind across Canada than it would be for war purposes, because we are constructing assets for future use and not making machines to destroy and at the same time the Federal Government gasoline tax of 3c per gallon can be capitalized and that amount would be able to take care of a very large loan for the purpose. Then think, gentlemen, what a program of that sort will do for this Province on our second "Need"—the Tourist Traffic. I think there is no doubt that after the war once this continent again settles down to peacetime pursuits, there will be a continuous flood of tourist energy that will revolutionize travel as we knew it before the war, but that will depend on how we are ready to receive them. In the plans that I have just outlined to you, special provision has been made for just such a traffic condition. There are ten entrances into the United States between Vancouver and the Crow's Nest: Blaine, Huntingdon, Aldergrove, Osoyoos, Midway, Cascade, Paterson, Nelway, Kingsgate, Rooseville. Roads to Parks—Strathcona, Tweedsmuir, Garibaldi, Wells Gray and Hamber. You know it is queer how often people dealing with the same problem for a long time think differently. I give you an opinion expressed a couple of weeks ago at a convention of the Canadian Good Roads in Calgary—one of the delegates from Nova Scotia expressed the view that the saturation point had been reached in the use of gasoline—I think just the opposite. I think the sale of gasoline is predicated on the price of cars—that the price of cars depends on mass production—that mass production depends almost entirely on employment which will give the masses of the people the ability to purchase them, and the question of full employment —as far as Canada is concerned—certainly British Columbia —depends on our ability to sell our products in foreign markets. I will speak of that later. As far as the Tourist Traffic is concerned, it has been recognized that in the ordinary course of recent peacetime years, it has been worth 20 millions a year to British Columbia, and any business that is worth that is really of great moment. Now, Mr. President, what of some other matters. Where is British Columbia going? What of the future? Let us recognize this, we have got to deal with our own problem in our own way—with courage and foresight. I am not one of those who think we are going to have a new world just for the asking. We heard that sort of nonsense during the last war. We are going to have what we ourselves provide by our own initiative, enterprise and intelligence, and nothing more. Now it should not be thought by that that I am one of those you hear so frequently now use the expression: "We can always find money for war, why not for peace." There is not so much logic in that argument, gentlemen, as there seems to be at first blush. You could not have done during the last depression what has been done in the war period, for two reasons: (1) The general public would not stand in peace times the rate of taxation imposed in war. They stand it now—in some cases willingly—because they are faced with one of two alternatives—survival or death. (2) Even if the people would have agreed to war taxation in peace time you could not have raised the money because there was no business making any money to tax. So you see you have an entirely different set of circumstances. Last depression, even under Socialism we could not have sold our natural resources in world markets, and without such activity you cannot make profits. And it is only from profits that taxes can be collected. And when we are considering such suggestions you should keep in mind also that we are today only paying 46% of the cost of the war from taxation—the remaining 54% is being borrowed from you and me. Now it does not take much MARCH, 1944 17 financial reasoning to understand that even if we could follow the war pattern in peace it could not go on indefinitely or we would have a debit structure that our economy could not possibly carry and out of that would come inflation and all the shattering results that follow. We have got to deal with immigration to fill that great Northland—850,000 people cannot keep that from the rest of the world unless we use it ourselves. That then brings us to the future problem of population for British Columbia. You know, gentlemen, the day is passed when 850,000 people can think that they will be allowed indefinitely to hold that great empire north of the Canadian National line to themselves. If we are not prepared to populate it others will— that is part of the reason, of course, for the present conflict. Millions of people in Europe cramped into small spaces without room to breathe freely. Now I mentioned a few moments ago that I would refer to the Peace River again with reference to roads. We have naturally, not only for the economy of the country, but in order to see that our own people are able to mix with their fellow British Columbians without going outside the Province, to provide this Peace River area with a road system. During the last Summer we have made three surveys into that territory, and while we have not analyzed them yet, they were done for the express purpose of finding a route that is the most satisfactory economic route to reach that great hinterland. When I say economic route, it must be understood that it is not just a question of population here or there: what we have got to do is to follow the route that will tap the greatest amount of natural resources in the process. Then we proposed to have a land policy that will be something really worth while. You have already heard of the Government declaration placing one million acres of land at the disposal of British Columbia's returned men. After the last war a similar action was taken, but then it was seemingly done at random and certainly many men were put on land that would produce nothing and in some cases full of rocks. This time, I would like you to realize, in the million acres allocated for the purpose, there are going to be none that have not had soil surveys made of them, and all the other economic factors that are necessary to insure that the men can, if they are farmers, make a success of it. Already 5,000 British Columbia soldiers have expressed a desire to go back to farms. As I say, this will be done in conjunction with the Federal Land Act of 1942, and the conditions of that Act preclude any man being given the advantages of the Statute unless he was a farmer before the war, or he is willing to be trained to be a farmer by the Federal Government before assuming the benefits of this Statute, so that there should not be any great percentage of failures in the plan. We must deal with our timber industry. Let us at once realize that lumbering is one of our major undertakings, not only from the viewpoint of Provincial revenue, but from the labor viewpoint as well. This industry has for years provided British Columbia with a great business. It has been allowed to run along "at will" so to speak, tearing out the natural resources without—until the last very few years—any consideration at all to the problem of replacement. Hundreds of thousands of acres have been denuded and there they stand a monument to our stupidity. As a matter of fact, in the South coast region, including Vancouver Island, the most productive forest land in the Province, we have over one million acres of logged over land not reproducing satisfactorily due to fire or former poor logging methods—or both. To this we are adding at the rate of upwards of 25,000 acres per year. For the last few years we have been re-foresting to a limited extent—some 19,000 acres have been planted. At present we have an annual capacity—that is, young trees for planting— of 11,000 acres. This we hope to double by 1946, which should by then—if the cut does not increase beyond its present rate—replace what is cut. We are going to deal with that problem at once by a complete investigation of all the angles and then take appropriate action. And so, Mr. President, you will see that all these things, plus a great development in mining, rural electrification and the development of power, all mean that engineers, cither directly or indirectly, must become involved in the great after the war development, so that whether you like it or not you are of necessity as a body, and individually, likely to be great factors in our future development. So, Mr. President I think the most of us will agree that problems before the war were great, during the conflict they have been greater still, but I am convinced that after the war ceases the problems of the past and the present will fade into insignificance when we realize what the future holds for us, and that somewhat directs my thoughts, naturally, to the future and its responsibilities. I think we can class them under the four heads: (1) Are we going to be equal to the task? I do not think for a moment that anyone sitting in this gathering would question our ability to be equal to any task. A virile Canadian people, to a very large extent, certainly as far as British Columbia is concerned, of British stock, are to my mind equal to any task that may be submitted. (2) Have we the ability to solve the problems? There can be no doubt about that, Mr. President. No doubt about that even as far as America or Canada is concerned, when we realize the progress that the American people have made in the last 100 years, realizing how they worked from the east to the west, developing and pioneering as they went, until today they have a great nation spreading from the Atlantic to the Pacific, is enough surely to make us believe that we have the ability to solve problems. If we feel inclined to look at more modern history then we have but to look at Canada at war. What a stupendous task ten million Canadians have undertaken with such profound success in the great world emergency. (3) Have we the means? When I say that I do not mean in terms of cash, I mean in terms of resources—land, timber, mines, fish and power: no doubt about that in anybody's mind surely. The Lord has been particularly good to this Province in its natural resources. (4) Finally, under the fourth heading—Have we the courage? I mean the courage to develop the latent wealth all around us. There need be no doubt about that, backed as we have been during the last two decades with the tremendous scientific development that has taken place. Modernization of the motor car, development of the aeroplane, radio and electric power—all those things combined with the brains of men and women make it perfectly obvious that we can never be still and that we are bound to progress. But despite that, Mr. Chairman, there is one problem that I think you will agree will cause all thinking men and women a good deal of concern, as far as Britsih Columbia is concerned. I want to refer, if I may, to a historic event that took place some months ago, brought about distinctly because of the war —the meeting of the world's two leading men, Price Minister Churchill and President Roosevelt, meeting on the broad spaces of the Atlantic, one representing the old world and the other the new, and setting up for humanity a new charter, to be known as the "Atlantic Charter." No one, I think, will doubt the honesty of purpose of the men who formulated it, no one will question the fine theory that set it up, and the great ideal it is supposed to embody, but I am wondering as a lay man just how it will work. I go further than that and I say, will it work, at least as far as this Province is concerned? THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE It is presumed to open the resources of all the world to everyone in the world. Let us look at that from our viewpoint—you may call that selfish; all right, if that is so then selfish we must be, because we must recognize our own situation first. Here on one side of the Pacific Ocean sit millions of people with the lowest standard of living in the world, with the cheapest standard of labor in the world: India, China, Japan. On the other side of the Pacific you have a very limited population but represented by the highest standard of living in the world—the United States and Canada—and it is being suggested by this new theory and new ideal that we are to have a free world, with no tariffs, no cartels and an open world business. Now I ask you what will that do for British Columbia? Never forgetting a country, like an individual, can only become prosperous through its own efforts, I say to you, gentlemen, that we have got to recognize the fact that British Columbia cannot survive in its present state under that kind of world conditions. It is quite useless for us to say in a period of optimism that Europe with its reconstruction will require all the goods that Canada can send it. Prior to the war 90% of British Columbia products had to find a market outside of the confines of British Columbia, and all that I want to point out to you is that not only our prosperity, but our very life in this Province, depends on our success with our export trade. History records over a long period show that employment rises and falls with the rise and fall of export trade. Only a few days ago we had a concrete case when the Federal Minister of Agriculture warned the people of Canada that Britain was prepared to take 900 million pounds'of bacon during the next few years, and indicated that after that possibly they would want no more. That, gentlemen, is brought about because by that time, if the war is over, Denmark will want to export bacon again and if Britain expects to sell her manufactured goods to Denmark she must automatically buy Denmark bacon, and when she does buy Danish bacon the market of 900 million pounds that we now have will automatically cease and Canada's loss will be just that, all of which indicates and shows to you how very serious the problem is. I had a talk last week with one of the senior officials of the Bank of Canada. We discussed the national income and he pointed out to me that today it was about ten billion dollars a year, and I asked him how he proposed to keep it that way after the war, to which, of course, he had no solution other than world trade. I give it to you as my view that if Canada could have a national income of seven and one-half billion dollars we would have a period of prosperity the like of which we had never seen before, but I have very grave doubts as to whether that can become an accomplished fact. I will worry you with but one further item so that I can indicate to you quite clearly the point I have in mind. Let us look at our timber industry, which for many years now has enjoyed a preference in the British market, enjoyed that by the Ottawa agreement of the Bennett regime, as we enjoy it also in the markets of our other Dominions. Even if my argument of the Atlantic Charter is worth nothing, then I say to you that the British Empire today, in association with the Russians, fighting for world freedom, could never allow B. C. to go on as the exclusive supplier of the British market for timber under this preference. Russia has far more timber than has Canada, her standard of living is vastly lower than ours, and geographically she is much nearer to the markets of Great Britain than we are. Doesn't it, gentlemen, answer itself You could, if you wish, go on and discuss the future of British Columbia gold, fish and minerals, but the same argument holds everywhere. British Columbia's credit stands better than that of any other part of the Dominion. Our geographical situation—bordering as it does on the shores of the Pacific—is superb from the viewpoint of trade with an "Awakened Asia" after the war. Our natural resources—plus contented labor—through the application of Capital in its broadest sense, will produce all the new wealth that is necessary to give us that standard of prosperity that we all'seek. I hope, Mr. President, that I have not spoken in a pessimistic vein, but as I said at the outset I was talking to a highly intelligent body of people and you would not mind if I placed before you what I think to be the facts. I think we have got to keep our feet on the ground and sense in our heads. I think we have got to realize that the magnitude of the problems staggers the imagination and we must, therefore,, be prepared to deal with them. We cannot stand still as we would be static. We must progress—you must improve or you inevitably go back; and so I say to you, gentlemen, to every one of you who has a stake in the community and are vitally interested, let us each do our part and think well and act wisely together. Alumni - Student Relations One of the most promising signs in Alumni work of recent years has been the increasingly cordial relations established between the Alumni Association and the undergraduate body. The Executive of the Association has done everything in its power to make the students on the campus aware of the work being done by the Association. To this end the Executive has worked closely with the Students' Council, official organ of University student government. A member of the Alumni Executive has been present whenever possible at the regular Monday evening meetings of the Students' Council and in turn a member of the Council has sat in on the semi-monthly meetings of the Executive. This interlocking of the two executive bodies has helped greatly in the furthering of matters of mutual interest. This year's president of the Students' Council, Mr. Robert White, has showed great interest in Alumni work and the incoming president, Mr. Richard Bibbs, has already become well acquainted with the Alumni Executive. The Alumni Association itself has set up a special committee to foster relations with the students. This committee consists of Miss Mary Mulvin, William Smith, and Darrell Braidwood. The Committee has already met with the president of the Graduating Class and has made an interim report on its findings. The Committee has particularly recommended that the incoming freshmen classes should be made thoroughly aware of the work of the Association in all its aspects. In this way the student can become interested in the Association for a considerable period before he becomes eligible for actual membership. The Alumni Association's greatest field for new membership is, in the graduating classes of future years. On the other hand, much of the welfare of those future graduating classes of the University depends on the' present activities of the Alumni group. A working team spirit is of advantage to all concerned. MARCH, 1944 Champion & White Ltd. BUILDING MATERIAL ROBIN HOOD BOILERS BEESTON RADIATORS READY MIXED CONCRETE TUGS AND SCOWS 1075 Main Street Vancouver, B. C. MODERN ENGINEERING CO. W. F. KENT 1695 West 5th Avenue Vancouver, B. C. + SUPPLYING AIRCRAFT TOOLS AND PARTS TO BOEING AIRCRAFT OF CANADA COMPLETE MINING PLANTS INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS and POWER UNITS MANCHA STORAGE BATTERY LOCOMOTIVES EIMCO LOADERS HOLMAN MINING EQUIPMENT PETTER DIESEL ENGINES WHEAT ELECTRIC MINER'S LAMPS S. 6. ZquipmetU Ca. £td. Head Office SSI Howe Street Vancovuer, B.C. Warehouses Granville Island 306 Industrial St. Engineering news and Rotes Major J. B. COWELL has been appointed Regional Director for the Pacific for the National Selective Service. Until recently he was administration controller for the Inspection Board of the United Kingdom and Canada. The B. C. Mining Association have chosen Dr. HOWARD T. JAMES as their President for 1944. Messrs. H. P. WILSON and C. P. BROWNING were named Vice-Presidents. Taking up civilian work again are the following: Major G. A. COLLINS, Major H. IRVINE, ALAN DAY, JOHN HOLE, HARRY S. WEINER, and O. H. NEWMARCH. Recent overseas casualty reports list Capt. WM. HALL, R.C.E., of Victoria, as wounded. Mr. S. G. BLAYLOCK, President and Managing Director, C. M. & S. Company, Trail, was recently honoured by the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgy when he was presented with a certificate of honorary membership. The presentation took place in New York and the citation read "in recognition of his eminent standing as a metallurgist, engineer and administrator of mining and metallurgical enterprise." The following have been appointed to the Executive Committee of the Municipal & Public Works Division of the B. C. Engineering Society: E. S. JONES, Chairman; D. J. McGUGAN, Secretary; C E. Cooper; Major J. C. JOHNSTONE; A. S. G. MUSGRAVE and E. W. RICHARDSON. Mr. J. W. SOUTHIN is returning to British Columbia to take up the position of General Manager of the Vivian plants. At the recent annual meeting of the Engineering Institute of Canada, the following members of the B. C. Association were among the newly-elected officers—Mr. J. M. FLEMING, elected Vice-President for Ontario, and Mr. A. S. G. MUSGRAVE, councillor representing the Victoria Branch' Major-General H. F. G. LETSON, Adjutant-General of the Canadian Army, was this month awarded the United States Legion of Merit medal in recognition of "exceptional meritorious conduct" in the organization and operation of the board dealing with the transfer of U. S. citizens from the Canadian to American armed forces in 1942. The following members were honoured in the King's New Year's Honours List this year: Major-General H. F. G. LETSON, C.B.E.; Commander A. F. PEERS, O.B.E.; Lieuc- Col. G. P. STIRRETT, O.B.E.; and Major G. S. ANDREWS, M.B.E. MACHINES SAW BLADE FILE BANDS George Gorton Equipment Northwest Equipment Co. Ltd. "zonogen" MArine 8824 HALL BUILDING VANCOUVER, B. C. Call us for specialized machinery for Machine Shops, Lumbering, Paper and Pulp Industry, Aircraft and Shipbuilding of Sheffield, TCngland MACHINE KNIVES SHEAR BLADES FOR EVERY PURPOSE 20 I HE GRADUATE CHRONICLE The Wartime Bureau of Technical Personel monthly Bulletin JANUARY, 1944 DEMAND FOR TECHNICAL PERSONNEL The number of enquiries received during January was the largest since November, 1942. The needs were widely distributed over the various fields of production and services listed in some detail in last month's bulletin. As usual, some of the requirements were of an urgent nature, including several in connection with war equipment contracts. This confirms the opinion expressed on various occasions in recent weeks that curtailment of production in some specific plant or plants cannot be used as an indication of a possible surplus, or rather a less acute overall shortage, of technical personnel. While the completion of some of the major phases of the country's war construction programme has resulted in an easing of the situation where civil engineers are concerned, there is still no evidence that the demand for mechanical and electrical engineers can be fully met. The Bureau has therefore to concentrate on meeting the more critical needs with the limited numbers that are, or that become, available from time to time. This necessitates a close scrutiny of relative priorities and every effort is made to supplement the general priority information available to the department with specific knowledge of the urgency of various demands. In the field of science, as distinct from engineering, the same situation applies, although the demands come generally rather from governmental and research agencies than from industrial organizations. For example, there never has been, nor is there now, an adequate supply of physicists in sight to meet the definite needs recorded with the Bureau. The result is that the greatest care must be exercised in an endeavour to direct any available person in this category to the place where the need is most critical. UNIVERSITY SCIENCE STUDENTS REGULATIONS During January, representatives of the Bureau, with officers from the three Services, completed the first leg of a tour of Canadian universities, visiting the four western provinces. At the end of the month, the same selection boards left for the maritime provinces. The selection machinery functioned smoothly and much was accomplished, both in the way of finding suitable candidates for technical appointments in the forces and also in making useful contacts with staff and students to clarify the position of the latter under manpower controls. Returns began to come in from prospective employers of undergraduates for the summer vacation and a start was made on the tabulation of openings for circulation to the universities and to the appropriate Employment and Selective Service offices. In accordance with the provisions of clause 305 (1) of P.C 246 (1943), National Selective Service Civilian Regulations, an advertisement was placed in all Canadian daily newspapers instructing prospective employers to register their needs for graduates of the class of 1944, in engineering and science, before February 15, 1944. The response to date indicates that there is a continuing demand from employers whose activities carry high labour priority. RECORDS Last September, a rough survey of technical personnel registered with the Bureau was begun with the object of ascertaining the number of those registered and classified as technical persons and of securing an estimate of the numbers of those trained and experienced in the various branches of pure and applied science. The survey itself has now been completed and the total of technical person* registered is approximately 31,000. An Outsider's Opinion At the November meeting of the Council of the Institute of the Civil Service of Canada the following letter was read to the meeting by Chairman Eric Temple, of the Architects' Group. The letter is an excellent example of the reaction of professional and technical men in private practice to present-day offers of employment in the Government service. The letter follows: New Waterford, N.S., Feb. 25th, 1943. Dear Mr. Whitford: You wired me some time ago asking if I would accept a position as Assistant Architect for Federal Government work in the Province of Nova Scotia, with an initial salary of $185 per month, and travelling expenses, all subject to the usual Civil Service deductions. As I was quite busy at the time, and as the offer was far from attractive, you will recall that I turned it down flatly, and that I promised to write you a letter explaining my reasons for so doing. Here, belatedly, is my letter. In the first place the qualifications you demand, or the Civil Service demands, are exacting and stringent, as they should be, and are really equal in all essential respects to those of a fully qualified Architect, capable of carrying on a private practice, consisting of making complete working drawings, details, specifications, and supervising the work through all its stages to its completion. I have these qualifications. To obtain these qualifications, I have had to (1) take a five-year course in Architecture at McGill University, 1919- 1924, costing approximately $5,000, (2) two years office experience at New York, 1924-26, (3) four months' travel and study in Europe, approximate cost $2,200, (4) four years' office experience in Montreal, (5) private practice in Cape Breton stores, schools, hospitals, etc., eight yaers. Yet after spending all these years in attaining the qualifications you require, I am offered a salary less than is being paid to an ordinary carpenter working on defence projects in Cape Breton. This does not make sense to me, neither does it seem just or fair. Until the Civil Service offers qualified Architects $3,000 a year minimum salary, they will not attract the type of men that should be employed on Government work. If given a salary such as stated above, you would get men of the type you need, capable and willing to devote their full time and energy to this important branch of the Civil Service. With the present set-up you certainly never will. With kindest regards, Yours, etc., (Sgd.) A. N. MacLeod. From The Institute fournal—January, 1944. Serving With#the firmed forces D. K. BANNERMAN, Sub-Lieut., R.C.N.V.R. A. S. DRUMMOND, Lieut., R.C.A. G. G. FYKE, R.C.E. I. B. KAY, 2/Lieut., R.C.O.C. A. D. KING, R.C.A. M. H. MACKENZIE, Sub-Lieut., R.C.N.V.R. P. W. MacMILLAN, R.C.A.F. K. E. PATRICK, Flying Officer, R.C.A.F. R. E. POTTER, Flying Officer,, R.C.A.F. E. A. SCHMIDT, R.C.E. I. M. SMELLIE, Sub-Lieut. (E.), R.C.N.V.R. S. D. TOWNSEND, R.C.A.F. We regret to announce that Flying Officer R. G. Crosby was reported missing on February 14th. MARCH, 1944 21 THE EDITORS' PAGE DARRELL T. BRAIDWOOD FOR many years the Alumni Association has hoped to establish its publication on a permanent and regular basis in order that the best interests of the Association may be served. With this issue that hope has become a reality. From now on the Chronicle will be published each month. It is hoped that the Association will grow in strength and in power through this new effort. However, to continue regular publication the Chronicle needs a large subscription list. This issue is being sent to all life and paid-up annual members in order to offer you all the opportunity of subscription to your Chronicle. Beginning with the April issue the Chronicle will be sent only to those who have paid their subscription fee. Already we have received a goodly number of subscriptions but we must have a great many more. This is your magazine—if it is to be a success at all you must support it. Now is the time. Elsewhere in this issue you will find a subscription blank. If it is your intention to support your Association, send in your application today. WELCOME ENGINEERS N this issue we welcome a section devoted to the interests of the Professional Engineers of B.C. Each year over a third of the graduates of our university are Engineers. Accordingly the Chronicle is pleased to devote a section of its publication to this large group. We know that all of our graduates will be interested in the material presented. F LET THE STUDENTS USE THE UNIVERSITY OR a considerable time it has been obvious that at least some of the major assets of the University are not being used to the full from the student point of view. We refer in this instance particularly to the Brock Memorial Building, a building designed for and built by the students. When the building was formally opened during the 1939-40 session, it was felt that at long last the University had acquired a permanent centre for activities of a social and cultural nature. However, reality has fallen far short of the great expectations held at that time. Few, if any, of the major student functions in recent years have been held in the building. Student organizations are still largely using downtown facilities for their social activities. From the point of view of both sentiment and expense this situation should be remedies. From an alumni point of view there is much to be criticized. Graduates can go to downtown places of entertainment as they see fit but when they go to a university function, it is a real thrill for them to return to the campus. From this standpoint alone, serious consideration should be given to a fuller use of the Brock. It is perhaps not out of order to discuss this situation in wartime, for social functions do go on to a certain extent and it is with these we are concerned. The reason for lack of use of the Brock appears to be two-fold. First, there is an objection by many to the type of dance floor in the building. It may well be true that the floor is not of the best, but it could readily be made so. A spring-type of floor would be a great asset in the building and it could be installed at a moderate cost. It is possible that the Administration has funds available for optional use and surely some of these funds could be put to no better use than in helping to centralize student activity on the campus. The second, and far more serious, obstacle to the use of the building is the attitude adopted by the Administration authorities towards use of the building by the students. When the structure was completed by the students it was turned over to the Administration to operate as a part of the University. Ever since that time student use of the building has been hampered by red-tape and impossible restriction. The Administration has failed completely to take the view that the building was designed to be widely and freely used by students. During this last year the dining room facilities have been suspended. In the case of major parties, permission has been unwarrantedly refused to use the Kitchen. The result is that parties have not been held to any extent on the campus. It is to be noted that the building and dining room facilities have been available on occasion for faculty-sponsored events. Surely this is not the situation contemplated by the students who paid for the building. Every major structural addition to the University in the past fifteen years has been largely paid for by students' funds. The Gymnasium, the Stadium, the Brock, and the Armouries are all gifts of the student body of part thereof to the University. The students and the graduates are proud of those contributions but they expect fair treatment from the authorities to whom those gifts are entrusted. Surely now is the time for the Administration to adopt a policy of "giving the University back to the students" in so far as a fair and reasonable use of the facilities is concerned 22 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE "The Blueprint" has been unable to meet the conditions laid down by the Wartime Prices and Trade Board as interpreted by that body, so the British Columbia Engineering Society has joined forces with the Alumni Association of the U.B.C. in an endeavor to provide for their members and the public in general, news, information and ideas of interest to them and also a medium through which these ideas may be spread and criticized. If ever there was a time in the world's history when scientific thinking should be applied to our social and economic problems, it is now. We should open our minds and be prepared to examine and discuss every problem in the light of the new conditions of the age of super production which we are entering. The age old battle of mankind against scarcity has been definitely won—man's desire to consume is as yet unsatisfied and the solution of a relatively easy problem of equating consumption with production, of designing some mechanism which will enable all of us to enjoy the fruits of our combined efforts, will bring to us a standard of living beyond the wildest dreams of the Utopians. One method, the formation of pressure groups for the particular benefit of the component members, is failing dismally. In small units it cuts down production and leads to strikes and lock-outs. In large units it is a basic cause of war. In the industrial field progress has been made in profit-sharing between the "Capital" and "Labour" groups (and we direct your attention to an address on another page by the President of the Consolidated Mining & Smelting Company). In the national field it might be that the solution is that the first claim on national production is an adequate supply of food, clothing and shelter for every man, woman and child. There is no question of the nation's ability to do this without reducing the standard of living of any citizen. What is lacking in our economic set-up is a proper mechanism—and the design of a mechanism falls within the province of the Engineer. T THE ENGINEERS' VIEWPOINT WO questions which are frequently asked by members of the Association are: (1 ) What do I get out of the Association? (2) Why the necessity of the British Columbia Engineering Society? Replying to the first query, as to material benefits, a member has the satisfaction of knowing that his character, qualifications and experience have been studied by a representative elected body strengthened by four Governmnt-nominated members, of his own professional brethren, and that his standing in these respects is up to that fixed by them as a minimum and that they can say of him that he is a "Professional Engineer." He has also the knowledge that both he and the general public are protected against the activity of the unqualified and inexperienced man who used to flourish here. It should also be some satisfaction to him to know that this system of registration, of which British Columbia was one of the earliest pioneers, has been adopted by nearly every State in the United States and that his certificate of registration is recognized all over the North American continent. Another reply to this query might be that he gets out of the Association just as much as he puts into it, and his attention might be drawn to a remark made by a prominent American educationalist, which applies not only to professions—"Anyone who sees in his own occupation merely a means of earning money degrades it, but he that sees in it a service to mankind ennobles both his labour and himself." As regards the second query as to the necessity of the British Columbia Engineering Society, it is answered in an excerpt from the address of the President, Mr. H. C. Anderson, given at the Annual Meeting in December last:— "Our position as Engineers in the Province has steadily, even though slowly, improved from year to year under the guidance of your elected representatives. I feel that our Act still requires some further amendments to make our position more secure and this will be given consideration. While the duties of your Council are primarily concerned with and are confined to—and I would like to draw your attention to that clause "CONFINED TO"—the administration of the 'Engineering Profession Act,' I think more attention should be given to improving the status of the Engineer than has been done in the past. Criticism has been voiced at times at the inactivity of the Council along certain lines without, I feel, realization of the limited scope of the Council under the Act. This year your Council saw fit to organize the British Columbia Engineering Society, with a view to providing us with an opportunity and an outlet to express our opinions and present our viewpoint in ways and in quarters which our present organization does not permit. This is not a new departure among registration bodies. The doctors and lawyers, who have a Registration Act similar to ours, have found it necessary and beneficial in the advancement and promotion of their professions to have a parallel organization similar to our Engineering Society." MARCH, 1944 23 Civil Responsibility of the Engineer By W. SUTCLIFFE, M.I.E.E., of the English Electric Co., Ltd. (Abstracts from a recent address to the Scottish Centre of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.) What is an engineer? The term was first applied to persons employed in the construction of engines of destruction, or on work for military purposes. In the middle of the 18th century a new class of engineer arose, principally engaged in the building of roads, bridges, aqueducts and canals, for purely civil purposes; they soon became known as "civil engineers" as distinct from the military class. Later, in 1828, The Institution of Civil Engineers came into existence, and their charter describes civil engineering as "the art of directing the great sources of power in Nature for the use and convenience of man, as the means of production and of traffic in states both for external and internal trade, as applied in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals, river navigation and docks, for internal intercourse and exchange, and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and lighthouses, and in the art of navigation by artificial power for the purposes of commerce, and in the construction and adaptation of machinery, and in the draining of cities and towns." Assuming these objects to be stated in the order of descending importance, it will not have escaped notice that the term "machinery" occurs almost at the end, in company with drains; this is unflattering in a way, unless it is remembered that when the Charter was framed the possible developments of mechanical engineering were undreamt of. But it was soon to emerge from its lowly state and rise from obscurity to vie with the civil engineering; it received a status in 1847, when The Institute of Mechanical Engineers was formed to mark the advent of the mechanical age. Lastly came electrical engineering, and the founding of the Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1871. Charged with the responsibilities as laid down in their Charters, the three leading engineering Institutions insist on qualifying tests before admission to their respective bodies. No person can be accepted into the chartered class of engineers unless he is fully qualified by training and experience. This is rightly so if we, as engineers, are to assume equal status with our brothers in other professions, such as law, medicine and accountancy. Surely the contributions to human progress, and the benefits conferred on the community by engineering, are not less than those of the professions just mentioned; and, if that criterion be accepted, who can logically deny to the engineer a position in the front rank of all professional callings? It is true that science and engineering may be prostituted to base purposes, and in this connection mechanical warfare has given the cynic many opportunities for caustic criticism. But to reproach the engineer because the worthy products of his skill are misapplied is unwarranted; beneficent aims can be perverted to evil ends. As good often results from evil, I am encouraged to hope that out of the present conflict and welter a new conception of man's obligations to his fellow-men will arise; the furnace of war will surely remove the dross from our coarse natures and leave the purer metal behind. Is the engineer in his corporate capacity taking an adequate part in the conduct of public affairs? Would not the community benefit if he adopted a less detached attitude to the social and economic problems of our age? The implied charge of being too self-centred in his profession is partly true. Some may think it odd that the engineer, with his logic, his analytical mind, and his refusal to accept any compromise between truth and error, should not apply his faculties to the study and solution of the many problems commonly regarded as being outside the orbit of his own profession. The principal attributes of the engineering mind are powers to observe, to analyse, to deduce, to correlate, to devise, to apply and to plan ahead, and it is pertinent to ask whether these are not the basic faculties required by those who are called upon to plan and direct our national policy. If this is agreed, should the engineer express his views and suggest new methods of approach to the solution of national issues, on lines not unlike those followed by himself when dealing with engineering problems? In the Presidential Address delivered to the International Engineering Congress at Glasgow in 193 8, Viscount Weir said: "I think it will be admitted that there is an engineer's type of mind, and that his method of thought has certain characteristics arising from the nature of the problems he has to deal with, and the immediate results which follow from any failure of his to deal satisfactorily with them. "I venture to suggest that this type of mind and method of thought might be applied with advantage to the treatment and solution of some of the major world issues today. Even world statesmanship itself might learn that there are other ways of approach to the solution of its problems than the traditional lines of political thought. "In many ways our hope for the future must be in a closer approach between the statesman, the scientist and the engineer. To some extent the latter must increasingly have regard to political considerations, inasmuch as the statesman has to deal with those intangibles, the conduct and reactions of mankind." Coming from one who is not only a trained and experienced engineer, but who also has had a long association with statesmen and the inner councils of government, the suggestions call for serious thought. The late Prof. Miles Walker—a distinguished engineer, scientist and teacher of electrical engineering—had much to say on the subject of the engineer's type of mind; by him it was regarded as essentially logical in its outlook, and therefore properly qualified to undertake the analysis and solution of many social and economic problems. In his Presidential Address before the Engineering Section of the British Association at York in 1.932, he stated: "It is not only in connection with engineering and scientific matters that the engineer can help to improve the lot of mankind; it is in connection with all economic and social matters. . . . The kind of mental training required to find the right solution of a difficult economic problem is exactly the same kind of training required to tackle engineering problems." THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE Prof. Miles Walker suggested that a small self-supporting state or colony be placed under the control of a body composed of scientists, engineers and economists, who, unhampered by considerations of political expediency, could be expected to direct affairs by the use of logical methods. In his opinion the success of such an experiment could be demonstrated in a few years, with results so convincing that the new and logical system of State government would eventually receive universal acceptance. At the time, these views were considered revolutionary; by some people it was thought that by so departing from the orthodox lines of thought, and presuming so much for the engineering mind, he had transgressed the canons of decency. Yet I venture to suggest that, if re-examined in the light of the changed world conditions of today, his views and proposals might not seem so outre, because they appear to embody some of the principles now accepted as fundamental to a successful post-war reconstruction. It must not be supposed I hold the opinion that the average engineer is endowed with greater wisdom than the average politician, and that, if given control over national affairs, he might achieve better results. I find it difficult to believe that he would, for the reason that the whole of his scientific training has taught him to avoid sentiment and to disregard prejudice in the analysis and solution of his own problems; apart from the relatively few who are familiar with the human aspects of the problems associated with the management of large bodies of workers, the engineer has been primarily concerned with the treatment and behaviour of lifeless matter, and his outlook has tended to become narrow and materialistic. How, then, could he reasonably be expected to show a spirit of kindly toleration to the frailties of mankind, and to judge and solve the many human problems involved in the direction of public affairs? A council of scientists and engineers planning and directing national policy might, in theory, claim a high functional efficiency, but in practice I think it would fail, because in its deliberations and decisions no sympathy could be shown to man's shortcomings, nor could any recognition be given to his natural ambitions unless they conformed to the requirements of a scientifically planned social and economic Order. Perhaps, as Lord Weir suggests, a solution might be found in a closer approach between the scientist and engineer and those in control of national policy. Each might learn, with advantage, something from the other's methods of dealing with difficult problems. Maybe the time is ripe for the coming of a new school of thought, to expound a doctrine for the guidance of those who would attempt to solve our national problems in a manner whereby human susceptibilities, and the promptings of the scientist and engineer, are alike respected.—From The Overseas Engineer, September, 1943. Construction Specialties CANADIAN Metallic Floor Hardeners and Concrete Waterproofings, Ritecure Membraneous Curing and Allied Products. For Wood Preservation, Boiler Feed Water Treatments, Non-Shrink Grouting Admixtures, CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS LTD. LA. 0600 Western Canadian Manufacturers and Distributors for G. F. Sterne & Sons Ltd., Brantford, Ot. 77th and Oak, Vancouver, B. C. Associate Works: London, Eng. m> MODEL L. 8 H. P. GASOLINE SAW An Engineer's Answer to Manpower Shortage Shortage of fallers and buckers is no problem to the operator who equips his stand with IEL Power Chain Saws. A flip of the flywheel and this powerful little sawing unit goes into instantaneous action, ripping through the toughest Douglas in less time than it takes to call "timber" and hike for shelter. A Product of INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING LTD. 469 POWELL ST. VANCOUVER, B. C. MODEL L. 8 H.P. Single cylinder, 2 cycle air-cooled -first grai de steel. 11 Chain- gauge. Magneto—Completely enclosed outside EISEMANN gear-driven. Double impulse retards spark, assures easy starting. MARCH, 1944 25 RELIGION AND LIFE By PROFESSOR J. A. IRVING Summarizing the Series'of Discussions Held at the U. B. C. in January, 1944 During the week of January 15 th a very remarkable series of discussions on "Religion and Life" was held at the University of British Columbia. I shall first give a brief account of the background of these discussions, and then I shall summarize some of the fundamental points that emerged. Several months ago, a general committee was set up at the University comprising presidents of all the major student organizations, representative professors from all faculties, and a number of Vancouver ministers. This Committee, in cooperation with the Canadian Section, World Council of Churches, brought to Vancouver and the University four outstanding leaders of religious thought from Canada and the United Sttaes: (1) Chancellor G. P. Gilmour of McMaster University; (2) Dr. Leslie G. Kilborn, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, West China Union University; (3) Dr. William P. Remington, Bishop of Eastern Oregon; and (4) Miss Gertrude Rutherford, Principal of the United Church Training School for Women Leaders, Toronto. The discussions began at the University with an overflow mass meeting of students and faculty in the auditorium Monday, noon, January 17th. The four visiting speakers discussed the general theme of the whole conference, Religion and Life. I should like to be able to present a detailed account of these four extraordinarily interesting addresses, but the limits of my space force me to concentrate on a point which was advanced in different ways by all four speakers. Today there are two conceptions of religion current in the world: (1) Religion is the opiate of the people; (2) religion is power —from it one derives the necessary dynamic to transform the individual and revolutionize society. Which is correct? Is religion a sedative which makes one satisfied with his environment or a narcotic producing insensitivity to all that goes on around one? Or is religion a source of power which enables men to break the chains of slavery, intellectually and physically? Both statements are true. Each of us has our religion —the faith by which we live, and which controls our lives. Some of us place the centre of control in the self—the Ego. Everything that we do is done to preserve that Ego. Such a person never takes a chance with revolution—that might endanger his own self. After the revolution has been completed or its success assured he might climb on the bandwagon, but he never starts it. Some form of religion that we consider to be fairly advanced have really this purpose in view. On the other hand there is another type of religion which may be called objective instead of subjective or egocentric. Jesus has given us an ultimate account of objective religion in his paradox that a man who sets out to preserve his life inevitably loses it, while the man who does not think of himself but lives by something greater than himself is the man who gains life. The Self is abolished as the centre of life and replaced by something far greater. We may call it Truth, or Goodness, or the Will of God. In the forgetting of Self, and the pursuit of universal truth one finds life, and in that way religion and life are inseparable. Our religion determines what our life shall be—whether we shall find life or lose it. The mass meeting in the University auditorium was followed by three Round Table discussions held in the main lounge of the Brock Memorial Building on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday evenings, January 17th, 18th, 19th, and by noon hour meetings on Tuesday and Wednesday. All of these meetings were extremely well attended, and student interest in the discussions, aroused so auspiciously at the first meeting, continued at a high pitch until the very last. The discussion on Monday night, sponsored by the Fraternities and Sororities of the University, was devoted to the theme Why Christianity? and was of the nature of a symposium on Comparative Religions. Miss Rutherford gave an account of Buddhism, Dean Kilborn of the indigenous religions of China—Confucianism and Taoism, Chancellor Gilmour of Mohammedanism, Rabbi E. M. Levy (of the Jewish Community in Vancouver) of Judaism, and Bishop Remington of Christianity. It was maintained in these discussions that a religion may be judged by what it has done in society. The religions of China and India, as well as Mohammedanism, encourage complete fatalism or submission, or formalism and rationalism. None of the great religions of the world except Christianity has provided the dynamic so essential to social change. Even the Golden Rule is stated in negative form in Confuciaism. In discussing Judaism, Rabbi Levy said that he regarded religion as revealed psychology. He maintained that the Jewish Ceremonial fulfils a definite purpose—and that it is not good to profess religion without outward ceremonial. On Tuesday, Miss Rutherford discussed Religion and Social Reform in Canada. She referred to the bulletins on social problems issued on behalf of co-operative protestant bodies in America, and pointed out that no area of social problems is not studied by that group. There is need in Canada for a Canadian Council of Churches to do similar work. She maintained that the Christian Church cannot avoid becoming involved in social reform, and church people should be urged to participate. Dmeocracy has no assurance of well-being for the body politic unless every citizen assumes responsibility for intelligent action. She referred specifically to a number of social problems in Canada as follows: the need for health; the need for honorable work; a sense of justice; freedom of conscience and worship; the opportunity for personal development, for the acquisition of knowledge and skills; a sense of leisure and the decent use of it; and immigration and population. Miss Rutherford emphasized the uniqueness of Christianity in its emphasis on the brotherhood of man, the indestructibility of individual human worth. On Wednesday noon Bishop Remington discussed Religion and Internationalism. Internationalism may be achieved through a unification of the Christian elements in the world. He stated that the six Pillars of Peace are: (1) Political collaboration between the United Nations; of world'wide import; (2) Collaboration on economic and financial matters of world-wide import; 26 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE (3) Adaptations of the world's treaty structure to changing conditions. (4) Ultimate autonomy for all nations and for subject peoples. (5) Control of armaments; (6) The establishment of the principle of the rights of people everywhere to establish intellectual and religious liberty. In the experience of many students, Dr. Kilborn's discussion of Science and Religion on Tuesday night was the highlight of the series. Dr. Kilborn undertook to answer the question: Do I find that my science and my religion are incompatible, or do they lie in fields of thought so far apart that they are not related, or are they complementary to each other, or, in order words, can we apply scientific methods to religion and find that it works? The fundamental aspects of science may be discussed under (1) the scientific spirit, (2) the nature of scientific truth. The scientific spirit includes three basic attitudes: (a) the critical attitude—nothing is accepted without the closest scrutiny and the examination of all alternatives. This is different from the pre-scientific attitude, which accepts truth according to the authority of the person who proclaims it; (b) The second characteristic of the scientific spirit is its honesty. A scientist must correctly report what he observes, even though it may cause consternation, or may not even be consistent with what he has previously stated; (c) the third characteristic of the scientific spirit is objectivity. A scientist is critical not only of other statements and discoveries but also of his own. Thus, the aim and ambition of scientific life must be centered outside oneself. The second great phase of the scientific era is scientific truth. This has two components—facts and theories. Facts are merely records of observation, always changing as our observation improves. As facts change, the theories related to them change. Scientific truth is not absolute, fixed, immutable, but progressive, ever changing with new facts. In developing further the theme of Science and Religion, Dr. Kilborn said that he would consider the teachings of Jesus in the light of the scientific outlook. Did Jesus appeal to authority to convince people of what he said? Jesus was not ready to accept as true what someone had said just because he was a recognized authority. He teaches that authority does not make for truth or falsity. Truth needs no authority beyond its own nature. Regarding honesty, it is clear that Jesus asserted that yes meant yes, and no meant no. His objectivity is also obvious. The opposite of objectivity is subjectivity, or a centre on the Self which Jesus opposed. The decision to subdue the Ego and follow the higher is the characteristic which distinguishes the followers of Jesus from others. He dedicated His life to the search for truth, called by the name of the Will of God. Dr. Kilborn finds no difference between the two . Thus there is only one question for either a scientist or a Christian, not "shall I accept this principle if it is true?" but "am I certain that this is the truth, that this is God's Will?" The common ideal of Science and Christianity is: What is the truth, what is God's Will? Jesus did not consider truth to be static, unchanging. On the contrary, he said he was correcting and adding to ancient truths, and expected His followers to continue. Dr. Kilborn stated that there is no proof of the existence of God from a strictly scientific point of view. In science, we make a hypothesis, and if it works, we accept it as a general principle or law of nature. Is the assumption that God exists a useful, workable hypothesis? We look about us and see evidence everywhere of design and moral significance in the universe, and intelligence working itself out. These phenomena, Dr. Kilborn said, force him to accept the existence of God as scientific truth. At the conclusion of Dr. Kilborn's address, Dr. M. Y. Williams, Head of the Department of Geology and Geography, and Dr. A. H. Hutchinson, Head of the Department of Biology and Botany, gave brief addresses on the relationship between science and religoin. On Wednesday night, Dr. R. H. Clark, Head of the Department of Chemistry, argued very brilliantly from biochemical formula to the supposition that human beings are immortal. The final discussion of the series, The Fundamental Elements of Christianity, was held on Wednesday evening, January 19th. All four visiting speakers summed up their personal experience of Christianity in the development of their lives. In these addresses, reference was made to the highly symbolical character of the language of religion. All of the speakers pointed out that for them ultimate reality can only be very inadequately expressed in words. These discussions on Religion and Life have made a very important contribution to the intellectual and religious life of the University of British Columbia. Many students have stated to the writer that they have already become an unforgettable part of their university careers. During the weeks following the discussions, the students have held several meetings with a view to organizing groups for post-conference study of the findings. The Alma Mater Society has sponsored the editing and mimeographing of the Proceedings, of which five hundred copies have been made available for distribution. In conclusion, I should like to thank all those who assijted me, as Chairman of the General Committee, in planning and carrying through the University Discussion on Religion and Life. John G. Bennett, President A. Gordon Bennett, Vice-President E. M. Reid, Secretary-Treasurer Ben« e* fr^te Cons^u ct\on Co. u«*wi Offices at Calgary, Alta., Edmonton, Alta. STANDARD BANK BUILDING, VANCOUVER, B. C. MARCH, 1944 27 Is the Engineer Overridden ? By a Special Correspondent That progress has been delayed through engineers being overridden by salesmen and publicity experts is the view taken by Mr. Donald H. Smith in a contribution to the fournal of the Institute of Automobile Engineers. Although Mr. Smith's remarks are made in relation to automobiles, the general subject is one of close interest to all engineers concerned with the design and making of branded products. In the years just preceding the war, Mr. Smith writes, automobile progress slowed down appreciably so far as basic principles were concerned. Between 193 5 and 1940 true development almost ceased. A constantly changing and increasingly ostentatious external appearance, supported by varying powers of salesmanship, disguised the true state of affairs from all but the most discerning of the lay public. It was in that aspect of development that the engineer apparently failed in his obligations to society. In its development stages the modern automobile was primarily the creative product of the engineer-designer. In its later stages it became the "production" of the industrialist and the machine tool expert. The engineer-designer became of decreasing importance in the hierarchy. SELLING AND PUBLICITY The salesman, the publicity expert, the production eng - neer, the assembly specialist, all appeared to be of greater importance, more or less in that order. That which the engineer-designer knew to be sound could be, and often was, overridden by one or all of the others. So far had the cult of the non-essential gone that it is credibly stated that certain motor-cars were "designed" bv artists with an eye to feminine demand and fashion and that thereafter the engineer had to instal the essential components to the chassis to fit the creation. The engineer is worthy of better than that, Mr. Smith writes. He may argue that it is not in his province to dictate the final form of what is, after all, something of a composite effort. He may say that, given a general plan or an external drawing, he is doing his job properly by filling in the mechanical details as efficiently as the imposed limitations will allow. That is a terribly easy way of justifying one's existence and it was the acceptance of a framework of external appearance and non-essentials as a rule of life that was symptomatic of the time leading up to the present world upheaval. Acceptance of a major mechanical modification, or the toleration of some feature detrimental to overall efficiency, in order to include or retain some non-essential detail of appearance or publicity value exemplified that mental process now known as "appeasement." The stressing of the importance of external appearance beyond almost everything else, the acceptance of that insist- ance and the mechanical limitations it imposed, and the willingness of the buying public to be guided by fashion and by unsound technical appeals jointly tended to lower the status of the designing engineer to the rank of draughtsman. MAKER'S SERVICE In regard to service, Mr. Smith said there were instances where the replacement charge for minor but inaccessible faults was well below the cost of the damage and in such cases was no doubt subsidised by the makers from the publicity or sales-promotion appropriation. The plain fact was that even if the public will stand for most things it will not stand for everything, so, as the real labour cost of these particular jobs resulted from faulty design, or at any rate from design to facilitate production, the real charge simply could not be imposed. The whole question of makers' service is a thorny one. The service manager should be an engineer and certainly not a salesman. In one of his novels Sinclair Lewis has a very cutting jibe at the whole idea of "service." He makes a small town manufacturer define service as "something you give with a thing so that the thing needn't be as good as it would have to be if you didn't give the service with it." Making a thing too good and too reliable, he argued, did not enable you to keep in touch with the customer, and the opportunity of selling something else was lost. INSTRUMENTS For Indicating Recording or Control of Temperature, Pressure, Flow and Liquid Level THOS. W. MACKAY 1396 RICHARDS ST. VANCOUVER, B.C. Telephone MArine 7631 * Representing Leading Canadian and U. S. Manufacturers of Engineering and Industrial Equipment Wallace &Tiernan Limited Head Office and Factory TORONTO Chlorine and Ammonia Control Apparatus for Water Sterilization Sewage Disinfection Swimming Pool Protection Industrial Uses British Columbia Representative: SHANAHAN'S LIMITED Vancouver Smith Bros, & Wilson Limited GENERAL CONTRACTORS 1267 RICHARDS STREET MArine 3 729 - 6751 VANCOUVER, B. C. 28 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE •!• To Think and Talk ♦ For some obscure reason the professional engineering societies have followed an idea that our societies in their meetings, reports and publications should not express their views on the political management of public affairs or on other controversial matters. Too many engineers forget they rate in the intelligentsia and that their analyses and opinions of public affairs would be a distinct service to the general public, the planners, the legislators, and public officials. To express opinions for or against governmental policies and operations, whether local, state, or national, does not mean you have detracted from our professional ideals. There is nothing in the ethics of the profession which says that you as an engineer cease to be an engineer because you publicly disagree with the policies and actions of any political administration in power. It is a constitutional right of every citizen to argue the portents of proposed legislation and the management of public affairs, and just because a person joins an engineering society it should not be deemed he has relinquished that right. To argue, does not mean the society becomes a political organization. Rather it becomes a sounding board for the mature opinions of engineers which may be of inestimable value to the public. Unquestionably the technological professions appreciably determine the trends of mankind in its forward march towards universal civilization. Laws are made to govern these trends, and so far, our profession has had very little to do with the formulation of laws and policies for the promotion and management of these trends. This lack of effort to assist in guiding governmental policies which affect and control the lives of our people is a really serious reflection on the technological professions, and their members fail in their duty as real Americans if they persist in adhering to such a policy. The American Association of Engineers in its publication, the Professional Engineer, has clearly and boldly analyzed U. S. Senate Bill 702 (The Kilgore Bill). The analysis plainly shows that the alleged purpose of the bill "to mobilize the scientific and technical resource of the Nation" would. be inimical to the best interests of the people and the profession. Enlightened and practical criticism of the bill as drafted will cause necessary revisions and amendments to the end that a final bill, if enacted into law, may serve a real useful purpose. Without the criticism of the engineering profession the bill might have been passed in its original form and become a detriment to technological progress. The legal and medical professions take prompt action when pertinent legislation is introduced in State legislatures or the national Congress which they believe is not for the best interest of the public. Public opinion as expressed in the news has been insistent that legislation be passed to control labor unions in their private and public relations. The principles of sound labor legis lation have been approved in engineering circles for many years, and the expressions of engineers, in some small part, may have assisted in the recent enactment of measures to accomplish this worthwhile purpose. Some years ago when many little piggies were killed and marginal farm crops were ploughed under, most engineers deplored the idea, and time has proved that they were right. Presently some economists argue there is no reason why the Federal debt (now at about 150 billion which is equal to the assessed valuation of all taxable real property in the United States, and which debt may reach 300 to 400 billions before the war is over) should ever be paid if our national income is on the increase from year to year. Being thinking people, it is doubtful many engineers will subscribe to this idea, and therefore it is most important and a real obligation that the voice of the engineer shall be heard on the formulation of national financial policies. The National Resources Planning Board has indicated its full concurrence with its committee in regard to the necessity for a public aid system geared to a program for high national income and full employment. The program is fine and almost everyone will agree; but then the Board states, "We have passed the state when financing the program need be more than a technical problem. If we measure the physical and intellectual stature of our people and our vast national resources, financial problems need be no hindrance." It can be inferred from this statement that the Administration's philosophy of deficit spending and subsidies shall be adopted as a fixed plan for future Federal financing. The point is worthy of serious consideration, as individuals, business concerns, cities, counties and states do not advocate, nor live and prosper by such means. Our opinions are highly regarded and respected by people in all walks of life, and it is our bounden duty as a learned nrofession to speak when the occasion demands, in order that we may help preserve for all of our people a sound and equitable national economy.—From Professional Enghteer—June, 1943. GENERAL MACHINE WORK AND REPAIRS SHINGLE MILL MACHINERY PULP MILL MACHINERY CANNING MACHINERY FISH REDUCTION MACHINERY TIRE VULCANIZING MOULDS Letson & Burpee Ltd. Machinery Manufacturers and Founders \71 Alexander St. Vancouver, B. C. INTERNATIONAL NICKEL CO. LICENSEES IN B. C FOR NI-HARD AND NI-RESIST IRON, BRASS, ALUMINUM AND MONEL CASTINGS Manufacturers of VALVES and FITTINGS Brass, Iron and Steel for Corvettes, Frigates, Minesweepers, and Cargo Vessels WEBB & GIFFORD LIMITED 222 Front Street New Westminster, B. C. Phone 1026 MARCH, 1944 29 Radio Telephone Z^Z^ZZZZ: ALL TYPES SHIP TO SHORE MARINE TELEPHONES Camp Radio Telephone Equipment Repaired, Installed, Built to Order. Estimates Furnished on Request SPILSBURY & HEPBURN Foot of Cardero St. Vancouver, B. C. MArine 2724 RLumni 38 YEARS OF SPECIALIZED SERVICE TO THE MUNICIPAL FIELD Manufacturers of Water Work Supplies Fire Hydrants Gate Valves Air Valves Check Valves Sluice Gates Wood Pipe Specials Steel Pipe Specials Cast Iron Pipe Specials Corporation Cocks Valve Boxes Plain Service Boxes TERMINAL CITY IRON WORKS LIMITED 1929 to 1999 Franklin Street HAstings 0131 Vancouver, B. C. 1HL. Pe/UOHalitieA By JANET WALKER Editor's Note: This is the first of a series of "personality" articles on the various members of the Alumni Executive. BRUCE ROBINSON President of the Alumni Association Catching strawberries in buckets seems a long way from being general superintendent of the Empress Manufacturing Co. plant here, but that is the enviable seven-year record of Bruce A. Robinson, dynamic bundle of energy who is president of the Alumni Association. Bruce, who is what is known as a "native son" of Vancouver, attended Lord Byng High School. His most striking recollection of those days was the time they planted the Jubilee maple tree out in front. "It was so long ago they hadn't even started the rogues' gallery there," he said, referring to pictures of the graduating students. To achieve his double degree in chemical engineering and arts in 1936, Bruce worked summers in logging camps and on surveys. One summer he worked on a reforestation project at Quatsino Sound, together with a graduate of the University of Stockholm. What he remembers best about those summers is the rain—and "how it rained!" "It rained so hard and so long, that in order to sleep at night we had to plug our ears with cotton, so that we couldn't «««. PRODUCTION SUPPLY COMPANY ***■* Representing correct *JUe cMoufUtati jdine LUBRICATION OILS AND LEATHERS FOR THE INDUSTRIES 1272 Richards Street MArine 9826 LESS OIL LESS OFTEN WITH STAY PUT LUBRICANTS Vancouver, B. C. 30 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE hear it pounding down. "Even wearing tin pants wouldn't help in that country," he remarked. "It was so damp all the time we had to hang the bread over the stoves, along with ourselves, so it wouldn't get mouldy . . . the bread, I mean." Another summer he worked on a geological survey, and for two months after he graduated he sold insurance—as a "mouth feeder," he says. Then he got a job with Empress, starting from "scratch," and a year or so later was transferred to the chemical department, where he set up his own laboratory and was in complete charge of all the equipment and routine. After two years he was made plant superintendent, a position, which he held until about a year ago, when he became general superintendent, responsible only to the manager. His outside activities, besides working for the Alumni Association, are skiing and photography. "I ski so I can take pictures," he explained. "Pictorial and landscape photography is my specialty, but I can handle beautiful pin-up girls, too, if there happen to be any around. Outside of the skiing and photography for relaxation," he continued, "I pretty well stick to the old grind." Bruce was Sciencemen's Undergraduate Society president for a year, and also president of the grad classes of '36. This is his second year as Alumni Association president. He was also secretary of Convocation for two years. He is a leader of the group which is trying to awaken alumnis to realization of their responsibility to their Alma Mater. The first step in this plan is the establishment of the Graduate Chronicle on a new and regular basis. "So far, the Alumni Association has been cruising along in a social manner," he commented. "This is the time to do something about it. Through the Chronicle, we can tie up all the other activities, and draw them to the attention of Alumni." The traditional question, "To what do you attribute your success, Mr. Robinson?" elicited the reply: "Good old U.B.C. training, I guess. In those days, we didn't have any money, and we really had to work for our education." His favorite food, strangely enough, is jam, and that's a fact, he says. There is no data on whether he started working for Empress bedause he liked jam, or vice versa. "I don't like peanut butter, though," he remarked, which is another of the company's products (plug!). His favorite drink is mountain water, which he says is one reason he climbs mountains. And as to preference in music? "Symphony music, definitely, especially when contrasted with present day jazz." He doesn't have any opinions short enough to fit into this limited space on the debatable subject of whether or not woman's place is in the home. He prides himself on his kitchen prowess, too, his specialty being home-made flapjacks—no commercial mixes for him, either. "I like them with jam, too," he says. "What kind of girls do I prefer? Well, that would take considerable time to explain. Let's just say I like them good- natured, all-round girls, capable of mental gymnastics, and, of course, artistically pleasing! The most important quality I would require for a wife would be that she be able to put up with me!" he laughed. Bruce is 31 and single—what is commonly referred to as an eligible bachelor. He admits he is often confused with another Bruce Robinson, whose middle initial is L instead of A, and who also is in the cannery business in New Westminster. This other Bruce, though, is raising a family, and has nothing to do with bachelor Bruce, who is the hard-working president of the Alumni Association. * C0RRESP0RDEI1CE * Vancouver, B.C., March 3, 1944. Mrs. Shirley Gross, Secretary-Treasurer, Alumni Association, Brock Hall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C. Dear Mrs. Gross: I have a copy of a letter sent to Mr. A. E. Lord, Secretary of the Board of Governors, University of British Columbia. I agree wholeheartedly with the thoughts expressed in your letter, and at the last meeting of the Board of Governors, a joint committee composed of members of the Board of Governors and Senate was appointed to find ways and means of rounding out the University of British Columbia. It is my personal opinion that we need very badly a Faculty of Medicine, a Department of Law, and an even greater and more comprehensive effort in University Extension. We will need the help of every member of the Alumni Association in every part of British Columbia, and I feel the time is opportune for the Alumni Association to adopt an active and aggressive policy in this regard. I feel sure that in the near future you will be hearing from the Joint Committee. Yours very truly, GEO. T. CUNNINGHAM. Carbon and Alloy Steel Castings >#es' ,t\a«v A \ton aw dSte* ,\foU* Atte* 0«*te A HAstings 3040 1395 FRANKLIN STREET VANCOUVER, B. C. MARCH, 1944 31 ESTABLISHED 1912 C. W. Brockley & Co. Ltd. MECHANICAL ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS Mechanical Handling, Power Transmission and Contractors' Construction Equipment KALLEABLE AND STEEL CONVEYOR CHAINS— ROLLER CHAIN SKIVES B. C. Distributors Chain Belt Co. Rex Products 1 ALEXANDER STREET VANCOUVER, B. C. B. C. POWER FOR B. C. INDUSTRY Thirty-three years of making engines, primarily for B. C. use, has given us knowledge of what is required for local conditions and needs, that is valuable to B. C. engineers. Parts and service right from the factory mean a lot, too. A complete line of engines, 5—63 0 h.p. VIVIAN ENGINE WORKS LTD. 1090 West 6th Ave VANCOUVER. CANADA PHONE BAY. 1526 PRECIPITATION EFFECTS OBSERVED IN MILD-STEEL AND WROUGHT-IRON PIPE During the course of a microscopical examination of a piece of corroded mild-steel hot-water pipe which had been in service for about three years it was observed that the material etched in alcoholic nitric acid showed a precipitate within the grains, the amount of which varied in individual grains and sometimes seemed to bear some relation to the crystallographic planes. Much of the precipitate was very fine, but some was in the form of needles resembling iron nitride. Similar precipitates were observed in samples of mild- steel and wrought-iron pipes which had been recovered from a burnt building. Investigation showed that these precipitates could be removed by heating at 500—520 deg. C. and reprecipitated by prolonged heating at 150—180 deg. C. In a paper describing this investigation presented before the Iron and Steel Institute, the author, Mr. T. H. Schofield, M.Sc, states that compounds of elements present or likely to be present in the materials which might be expected to give such precipitation effects, as judged by the form of their solubility curves in ferrite, are iron carbide, iron nitride and possibly iron phosphide. The needle-like habit of the precipitate suggests that it might be iron nitride. If this is true, whether precipitation occurs or not after low-temperature heating appears to depend on the composition and/or the initial condition of the material as well as on the nitrogen content, since the steel GUF, containing 0.01 per cent, of nitrogen, gives no precipitate after a period of heating in which the wrought-iron tube C, containing 0.008 per cent, of nitrogen, does so. In this connection it is noteworthy that the materials showing the precipitate have also a high phosphorus content. Dean, Day and Gregg, Koster and Epftein have noted similar precipitation effects in iron and mild steel. The former workers observed that high-purity electrolytic iron normally showed no needles, but when melted in air or melted in vacuum and treated wtih ammonia, needles appeard. It is probable that the precipitate was not in the pipes before service, but was produced by prolonging heating at temperatures near 100 deg. C, and at this temperature the precipitate is finer than that produced at 150—180 deg. C; a sub-boundary precipitate observed in the wrought-iron specimen in addition to the needle form may be due to another constituent. The work was carried out as part of the research programme of the National Physical Laboratory.—From The Overseas Engineer—January, 1944. GENERAL EQUIPMENT LIMITED NASH ENGINEERING COMPANY ARMSTRONG STEAM TRAPS MUELLER PRES. RED. VALVES RED HEAD HEATERS CENTRIPIX PURIFIERS 317 W. Pender Street REPRESENTING COPPUS FANS AND TURBINES TROT STEAM ENGINES WESTERN BLOWER COMPANY VENTURI METERS FRUIT DEHYDRATERS Pacific 5932 Vancouver, B. C. 32 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE ♦ Athletics and Physical Education •:• By ROSEMARY COLLINS, B.A. Editor's Note: One of the most active Alumni Committees has been that on Athletics and Physical Education. Among its members have been Mary Fallis, Rosemary Collins, Mackinnon Buck and Fred Bolton. Recently there has been renewed agitation for the establishment of a Department of Physical Education on the campus. The Alumni Committee has prepared a thorough report on the matter and copies have been widely distributed among the Board of Governors, Senate, the Legislature, and other interested groups. Miss Collins has written the following article to show some phases of the Committee's work. For the past several months the Alumni Committee on Athletics and Physical Education has been meeting to consider the question of the establishment of a full Department of Physical Education at the University of B. C. This Committee, under the chairmanship of Miss Mary Fallis, has, in compiling this report, carefully considered the needs of the people of this Province, the student body of the University, and the requirements of the teaching profession and educative system of British Columbia. It is recommended by the committee that a department of Physical Education be established at the University for the purpose of offering degree courses in physical education, and to administer a program of physical training and sports for the entire student body, men and women. It is logical that a campaign of this nature should arise at this time, when the public's attention is constantly being drawn to reports and statements in press and magazine regarding the physical requirements of the militia and the civilian war-worker. Physical examinations have shown that a large percentage of our population is below good physical standards. These persons can neither work, fight, nor live to the greatest degree of efficiency under this handicap. It has been shown that a large number in this "rejected" group can be raised to a higher standard of physical fitness by proper physical and educational training. This is a job that becomes a basic part of our provincial educational system, so that all of our citizens, from all walks of life, and of every age group, can participate in the business of living to their maximum advantage. Further, there is evidence that all the recreation centres, activities, sports, and physical training programs of the Province must be, and soon will be, co-ordinated and expanded for the purpose of more complete and efficient use by the community. Leaders, directors, and teachers for this purpose must be properly trained in order to satisfactorily handle those jobs in the elementary, junior and senior high schools, and colleges, of our educational system, in industrial plants of war and peacetime manufacturing, and in the civic centres throughout our municipal and rural communities. At the present time, training in physical education, anatomy, physiology, etc., must be sought outside of this province, Toronto being the closest Canadian University granting a Physical Education Degree. The University of B. C, the provincial seat of learning, maintained by the Province to service the higher educational needs of this Province, is the logical institution to assume and administer such a program of training physical education directors and leaders. It should be the duty of the University to take the lead and to evaluate and make provision for such service to the community before that need becomes a public demand. For the duration of the war, and after the peace, such a program will play an important part in rehabilitation of service men and women, as well as improving and maintaining a high level of public health. An extensive program of recreational activities for civilians and demobilized service personrnel would, briefly: 1. Maintain morale in the post-war period; 2. Probably reduce the cost of health insurance by becoming part of a health maintenance program; Improve social welfare of the community generally, and of young people paritcularly, thus helping to reduce juvenile delinquency; Keep the populace in good physical condition, with a larger percentage readily available for military service; By improving health and' maintaining a high standard of living, such an extensive program would reduce absenteeism in industry and aid the war effort now; and it will assist in the realization of our democratic ideals in our country after the victory. 3 4. BOILERITE s SCALEITE A. SIMPSON & COMPANY CHEMICAL AND DESCALING ENGINEERS specializing in 7676 HEATHER STREET descaling of WATER TREATMENTS VANCOUVER B. C. INTERNAL OMBUSTION ENGINES DESCALING OF MARINE, STATION- ' ' AND ALL TYPES OF ARY and LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS LAngara 0740 WATER-COOLED MACHINERY MArine 0751 HODGSON, KING & MARBLE 1401 MAIN STREET :::: VANCOUVER, B. C. MARCH, 1944 33 'We are at your service" Dominion Construction Co. ■LIMITED ■ UNDER CONSTRUCTION R.C.A.F. Buildings, Sea Island; H.M.C.S. Discovery, Deadman's Island. 150 West First Avenue °LANT CHANGES AND NEW BUILDINGS Sorg Pulp Co. Ltd., Port Mel- Ion; B. C. Pulp fc Paper Co. Ltd., Port Alice. Vancouver, B. C. Babcock Equipment is Serving Both Afloat and Ashore Our over 85 years' experience and facilities unequalled in this country are producing Marine Boilers, Marine Engines, Pumps, Compressors, etc., for corvettes, minesweepers and cargo boats. Also for the Canadian War Effort on land we are supplying boilers and other equipment to generate power for vital war production industries. BABCOCK design and BABCOCK manufacturing standards ensure eciency and dependability. BABCOCK - WILCOX & GOLDI E - McCULLOCH GALT limited CANADA Branch Offices Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver B. C. Representative C. C. MOORE & CO., VANCOUVER Armstrong and Monteith Construction Company LIMITED Engineers and General Contractors MArine 5843 1383 Hornby Street Vancouver, B. C. MEMBER: CANADIAN CONSTRUCTION ASSOCIATION VANCOUVER GENERAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES EXCHANGE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA British Columbia Company now a Unit of fllonsanto Chemical Company Believers in a post-war industrial future of Western Canada won a new adherent recently when the Monsanto Chemical Company of St. Louis, Missouri, announced completion of arrangements whereby their interests are merged with I. F. Laucks, Ltd., of Vancouver.' The transaction marks Mon- santo's entry into the West Coast industrial picture and gives this large international chemical company a dominant position in the fast-growing British Columbia plywood industry. I. F. Laucks, Ltd., was established just nine years ago by the present managing director, Irving C. Smith, and has experienced a steady growth and expansion since. This growth has been based largely on the company's leadership in research and its development of industrial glues. It was a pioneer in the production of soybean and casein glues in Western Canada, and is at present the Dominion's largest manufacturer of synthetic resin glues used largely in the manufacture of fir plywood. The company has also developed a line of casein paints and wood preservatives. The merger will be effected through an exchange of stock, it was announced. No changes in the Laucks personnel are contemplated and the Laucks operations will be. conducted as a unit of the greater Monsanto operations. IRVING C. SMITH NATIONAL CO-OPERATION "It is to be hoped that the spirit of co-operation which has developed among the United Nations during the war will lead to the removal of many of those difficulties in monetary and commercial spheres which so much handicapped trade between the two wars."—Mr. Ralph Assheton, Financial Secretary to the Treasury, Great Britain. p. D. MURPHY D. D. CHISHOLM T. CONNORS DIAMOND DRILLING COMPANY LIMITED 744 W. Hastings Street - Vancouver, B. C. Diamond Drill Contractors PAcific 5953 CORE BITS OT ALL SIZES AND DIAMOND POINTED TOOLS 34 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE CONDENSED REPORT OF THE LEGISLATION COMMITTEE OF THE ROCHESTER ENGINEERING SOCIETY ON THE KILGORE BILL (S. 702) The Science Mobilization Act S. 702, commonly known as the Kilgore Bill, is now being considered by the Subcommittee on Technological Mobilization of the Senate Committee on Military Affairs. The following summary of the features of the bill has been prepared for the information of the Rochester Engineering Society and its affiliated organizations. The stated purposes of the bill are largely laudable. These purposes include the coordination of scientific and technical data and facilities, the guidance of governmental agencies in scientific matters, the development of comprehensive national programs for the use of science and technology in the national interest, the encouragement of scientific research, and the expansion of free enterprise by making available to smaller businesses the benefits of scientific advancement. However, the vicious nature of the bill becomes apparent when one considers the methods by which these purposes are to be accomplished. The bill would establish an Office of Scientific and Technical Mobilization which would include a National Scientific and Technical Board of seven members, two of whom would be scientists or technologists, and a National Scientific and Technical Committee consisting of at least twenty-six members, five of whom would be scientists or technologists. This Office would have the power to "formulate and promote projects and programs for the development and use of scientific and technical facilities and personnel and when necessary to initiate and carry out such projects." The tremendous scope of this authority is indicated by the fact that all "real and personal property, tangible and intangible, all methods, processes, techniques, designs, specifications, patents, inventions and scientific or technical information or knowledge used or intended to be used for scientific or technical purposes" and "all persons, excepting physicians and dentists, who have completed any course of study in any college or university in any branch of science, or who have had six months' training or employment in any scientific or technical vocation" would by definition come under the jurisdiction and control of the Office, whose rules and regulations would "have the force and effect of law." The Office would also have "the exclusive right to use and license others to use any invention, discovery, or patent resulting from research for which the United States or any agency thereof has contributed in any way since the Declaration of National Emergency, and any invention, discovery, or patent to any extent the property of the United States." In administering the rules regarding patents, inventions, etc., the Administrator of the Office would again be "authorized and directed to prescribe appropriate rules and regulations" which should "have the force and effect of law." The Administrator would be "authorized to create or organize a corporation or corporations as instrumentalities for the more effective exercise and performance of his own powers and duties or those of the Office." The bill would authorize the appropriation of an initial sum of $200,000,000 to be used by the Administrator at his discretion to carry out the provisions and purposes of the Act. It is evident that the bill would establish an all-powerful, inefficient, tnonofxdistic bureacracy to control every scientific and technical facility and all scientific and technical personnel of the nation, both public and private, not only in time of war, but also in time of peace.—From The Rochester Engineer—December, 1943. IT IS EVIDENT THAT THE BILL WOULD ESTABLISH AN ALL-POWERFUL, INEFFICIENT, MONOPOLISTIC BUREACRACY TO CONTROL EVERY SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL FACILITY AND ALL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL OF THE NATION, BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE, NOT ONLY IN TIME OF WAR, BUT ALSO IN TIME OF PEACE. Evans, Coleman & Evans Limited Dealers in SULPHUR BAR IRON pia iron CHEMICALS MINE CARS SEWER FIFE CULVERT FIFE PACIFIC LIME BLACKSMITH COAL RAIL WAT SUPPLIES BAGS AND BURLAP REINFORCING- STEEL CANNERY SUPPLIES ROOFING MATERIALS RAILS AND ACCESSORIES COMMON AND FIRE BRICK CAST IRON AND STEEL FIFE SALT (FISHERIES AND DAIRY) FOUNDRY COKE AND SUPPLIES GALVANIZED AND PLAIN SHEETS LARGE AND VARIED STOCKS ALWAYS ON HAND C. CEMENT BUILDING MATERIALS B. C. Representatives for Building- Products Limited Complete Line of Products VANCOUVER, B. C. VICTORIA, B. C. British Ropes Canadian Factory Ltd, Index of Quality GRANVILLE ISLAND MANUFACTURERS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF WIRE ROPES * Plant Established in 1919. Serves Leading B. C. Industries. Phene MArine 4454 VANCOUVER, B. C. MARCH, 1944 35 // STEERING A SHIP // By PERCY N. BLAND Chief Engineer, Canadian Sumner Iron Works Ltd. The wartime shipbuilding program in Canada has brought to most of us some degree of familiarity with ships and marine equipment which we did not have before 1939. This country had not, except for a brief period in the last war, been a shipbuilding nation. We have seen articles in the newspapers and technical press on shipbuilding, and many Canadians have actually been engaged in this industry or have been privileged to see the finished units. SPECIALTY MACHINE SHOP Specializing in Precision Machine Work Heat Treating Small Parts Parts Made Industrial Repairs • Rear of 722 W. PENDER STREET PAcific 2427 Vancouver, B. C. However, little is seen, either installed aboard ship or in print, of the most important machine among a vessel's auxiliary equipment. This unit is the ship's Steering Gear; little seen because it is usually located in a closed compartment over the rudder, and little known because it was a specialized product seldom described. Power for ship propulsion brought a need for power steering and it was not long before hand-powered steering gear was only used on small boats and as an emergency auxiliary on larger vessels. In order to more easily grasp the work that a ship's rudder is called upon to do and understand the forces acting on it, we may consider the ship as being stationary and the water moving past it. A rudder is then a plate held at different angles across a moving stream of water. Early experiments with the force exerted by a moving stream of water on a flat plate were made in the Loire River by the French Navy about 1873. Pressure exerted on the plate, at right angles across the stream's flow, at a speed of 1 knot, was found to be about 3.2 pounds per square foot and varied as the square of the speed. However, a ship's rudder will never be at 90 degrees to the flow but will vary from the centered or amidships position, zero degrees, to the maximum operating angle called "Hard Over," which is about 37 degrees either way. It has been FAirmont 1546 McLean & Powell Iron Works STOVE and FURNACE CASTINGS General Foundry Works 398 West Second Ave. Vancouver, B. C. 3<S THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE found that moving a rudder beyond that angle tends to act too much as a brake on the ship instead of just altering its direction as desired. Maximum pressure on the ship's rudder would be in the hard over position or at an angle of 37 degrees to the ship's center line. The force of the water stream, then, is not striking our plate at 90 degrees but is acting on angle which, at its maximum, is about 37 degrees. Using the rudder area, then, we must multiply by the sine of 37 degrees to give the normal acting force at right angles to the rudder plate. The rudder is hinged at its leading or forward edge and the pressure due to stream flow is tending to rotate the rudder about this line. However, the center of pressure is not at the midpoint of a rectangular rudder, but on a line about % of the width back from the leading edge or hinge. This is true with the ship going ahead and without considering any rudder balancing. Theoretical formula for maximum rudder torque is: T = 0.787 A V2 W sine X where— A = Rudder area in sq. ft. "immersed." V = Slip stream velocity in feet per second (speed plus 20%). W = Rudder width in feet. X — Maximum rudder angle in degrees. T = Torque in foot pounds. Coefficients of reduction give actual steady torque values. Rudder shape and area is based on empirical data taking into account the ship's lines, its length, and also the draught. An idea of the power required for steering even vessels of moderate speeds may be gained from the fact that the maximum rudder torque on a freighter of 9,300 tons capacity at a speed of 10J/> knots may be 90,000 foot pounds. That is, on a quadrant arm of 5-foot radius a force of 18,000 pounds would be required to hold the rudder in its hard over position when steaming at 10^4 knots. Time requirement is that the steering gear should be capable of moving the rudder from hard over one way to hard over the other way in 20 seconds; this is demanded in order that the ship may quickly be maneuvered. A twin cylinder steam engine would be sized on the basis of one cylinder exerting the torque required, since the other may stop on dead center. Early engines for applying power to the rudder were located in the engine room and connected to the rudder by long chains or rods. Introduction of the direct acting engine by Wilson and Pirrie in 1888 brought a compact unit geared to a quadrant mounted on the rudder post. Three main types of Direct Connected Steering Gear are now built: (1) Steam, (2) Hydraulic, (3) Electric. ACRYuill M.E.I.C, MEM. A.I.E.E. Consulting Engineer 675 West Hastings Street Vancouver, B. C. HYDRAULIC - STEAM - DIESEL - ELECTRIC POWER Special Representative Dominion Engineering Company Limited Montreal, Canada Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, but in any type absolute reliability under all conditions is the vital requirement, as not only may the ship be lost but the lives and cargo too; moreover, another ship may be endangered. Gear must also be self holding, that is, when rudder position is reached the steering gear must be capable of holding it in that position. The steering apparatus is composed of three distinct units: (1) the power unit, (2) the rudder connections, and (3) the control arrangements. In cargo ships, similar to those being built in this country, a steam gear would be most suitable at this time taking into consideration lower first cost signifying a moderate demand on skilled labour and critical materials. A Steam Steering Gear for this job would consist of a twin cylinder, single expansion, vertical engine with piston valves having neither lap nor lead. The cylinder valves are made without lap or lead so that the pistons, stopping anywhere in the stroke, would have full steam pressure exerted again when the control valve is opened. Speed and reversing is regulated by a piston-type control valve, governing steam flow to the cylinders. This control valve is operated from the ship's steering wheel on the bridge. The control valve, which is built into the engine block between the engine valve chambers, can have only about Y^o" of lap since there must be quick response on the rudder when the helmsman moves the ship's steering wheel. The engine has a worm cut integral with the crankshaft which meshes with a large bronze worm gear. This worm gear carries a heavy spur pinion which meshes with a toothed rudder quadrant. Spring buffers are fitted between quadrant and keyed tiller arm to cushion any shocks on the rudder. PARAMOUNT REG. TRADE MARK i day »•»•. d "service ^Juni- \er ^ • ^^;cncya"" _,» „u«vp! cipai " - , rirc«la" ° „ flump" , j„ return *»*< a»d ^v and fgg^ dC"s u«i\er iecd , • v, efficiency *n" „ pUmPs b « their *»gk TT tiaras"*0** * t l-they deliver wat ' _!U ag*ee Crimes ey — „__ vital *»r , will *Sie snmeti»es : • "V RS INI HYDRAUL.IC! 40 EAST CORDOVA ST. VANCOUVER, B.C. MARCH, 1944 37 COMPLETE GEAR CUTTING Jm-^«^ft^»- !N§* *§ i^mW ■■»■■■■"■ ■^.:.-■;:'- DOUBLE REDUCTION GEAR UNIT WITH COVER REMOVED, SHOWING GEAR ARRANGEMENT, ANTI-FRICTION BEARINGS AND LUBRICATION SYSTEM. We have the most complete and ' modern gear-cutting machinery in Western Canada, and the only machine in Western Canada for cutting Helical continuous tooth gears, capacity to 54 inch by 10 inch face up to 2 D.P. Get our prices on Gears of any kind, Cut Sprockets, any pitch and diameter; cost iron or steel. ENGINE REBUILDING Industrial, Marine, Stationary, Gas and Diesel Engine Work CYLINDER AND CRANKSHAFT GRINDING We carry a full line of piston patterns for all engines on this coast. Our stock of Quality Piston Rings is complete to ll" in diameter. "When in Trouble Call Reliance" Reliance Motor & Machine Works LIMITED VANCOUVER, B. C. Phone PAcific 3 345 395 Alexander Street A novel arrangement is used on these engines, called a hunting gear, to limit the rudder movement in accordance with the amount the bridge steering wheel is turned. If it were not for this gear, once the engine started it would keep running until each time the rudder was moved way round to the hard over position. This hunting gear operates off the engine crankshaft, and while the engine is running it gradually moves the control valve back to center, thus shutting down the engine until the valve is again opened by the helmsman. A rudder brake is furnished along with the steering gear to operate on a grooved brake quadrant bolted to the tiller arm. This brake may be used to steady the rudder when there is a heavy cross sea running, and also to hold the rudder while emergency steering arrangements are made. In the event of an engine breakdown, either due to damage or failure of steam supply, emergency steering can be handled by emergency apparatus. The steam steering engine is pulled back out of gear and cables are run from each side of the rudder quadrant to the drums of an after-deck winch. Connection from the Bridge Steering Wheel to the steering gear can be made by a long line of shafting and gears winding its way down and aft from the bridge deck. This system can be seen on many coastal passenger ships, often running along the outside deck space suspended just under the boat deck beams. A more modern arrangement uses a medium called a Telemotor System. This system uses a pair of rams and cylinders operated inside the Bridge Steering Stand by the wheel and called the Transmitter, and a similar pair of rams and cylinders called the Receiver, mounted on the steering engine and geared to the engine control valve. The two units are connected by a double line of copper pipe running from bridge to engine and the whole filled with a hydraulic fluid, either oil or a mixture of glycerine and water. Movement then of the rams in the Bridge Steering Stand is followed by a sympathetic movement of rams at the steering engine, thus moving the control valve and turning the rudder to the desired position. In the event of a telemotor failure, steering control can be transferred to a local control handwheel on the steering engine which operates the control valve direct. Steering directions can be given from the bridge down to the engine by means of telephone or voice pipe. This article will give a fair outline of the mechanism required to "Steer a Ship." Of course, many details have been omitted for the sake of brevity. It is hoped, however, that we have brought to those unacquainted with a Steering Gear some knowledge of the design and construction required to give a ship that ability to follow the Navigating Officer's directions, whether it be steaming up the coast, docking, or dodging a torpedo. THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE ERGinEERinG EDUCflTIOn War affects education in obvious ways. It lays bare practical deficiencies, multiplies intensive types of technical training, introduces new personnel techniques, accelerates time schedules, depletes teaching forces, scatters student bodies, strips vested interests, and—as possible compensation for the tribulations of the moment—awakens Utopian expectations of the future. Some fine dreams may survive the postwar reaction, but many will die stillborn. Much will depend on the length of the war. If men and women back from the services crowd into the colleges soon, eager to complete the courses left unfinished, it will strongly encourage a resumption of the prewar programs. If their return is late and meager, substantial changes are more probable. Change is more probable where work has been interrupted and personnel scattered; less probable where continuity has existed in plan and organization. Institutional independence, especially when associated with a pioneering spirit, facilitates change, while solidarity among similar institutions and with professional bodies tends to retard it. In distinctly professional fields new experiences and attitudes engendered by war service, new areas of responsibility taken over, and the prevailing state of depletion or overcrowding and of prosperity or its opposite, must also be reckoned with. The forces which will be at work in engineering and allied fields of education at the war's ending may be estimated as follows: The tide of returning students is likely to be moderate, since so many have been enabled to continue under the Army and Navy programs or through draft deferment. It is more likely to be late than early, because of the slower By WILLIAM E. WICKENDEN-3* demobilization in the technical arms of the services. Widespread participation of engineering colleges in the Army and Navy programs and in war research will hold to a minimum the effects, of interruption and scattering so severely felt in other areas. The war has revealed amazingly few deficiencies in prewar engineering education, and these mostly on the intangible side. Change in educational habits in general has been toward the familiar engineering models, with their heavy time schedules, detailed work assignments, content emphasis, mastery standards, and intimate supervision; in fact these have been the models on which the Army and Navy have built their college programs. These trends do not necessarily establish the superiority of these habits and models, but they do make revolutionary changes less probable. The engineering professions have taken the war in their stride, greatly expanding their activities by giving extra effort and by making wider use of partially trained help, but without significant change of attitude, scale of responsibility, or type of organization. After being greatly undermanned in wartime, these professions may find themselves being undermined at the coming of peace by the enormous number of men and women who have received limited technical training in government-sponsored war training courses and have become established in minor professional functions. The forces and conditions just cited certainly do not afford a stage setting for a postwar educational revolution. Opportunity for change will be at hand and a receptive attitude created, but change is fairly certain to be orderly and deliberate. Furthermore, it will come mainly from within. All Work Guaranteed Rsluhlisheii I Hi MArine 1551 Nights — LAngara 0393 BAyview 8404 North Coast Welding Co. Ltd. ELECTRIC ARC and OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING Heavy Welding and Cutting a Specialty PORTABLE EQUIPMENT | 8 5 WEST PENDER STREET WE MAKE COAL OIL TORCHES I VANCOUVER, B. C. C. P. FOSTER & COMPANY LTD. DEPENDABLE DRAWING MATERIALS SENSITIZED PAPERS AND CLOTHS ENGINEERS' INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES STEEL TAPES GROSS SECTION PAPERS COMMERCIAL, STATIONERS IMPERIAL TRACING CLOTH OZALID DIRECT PROCESS PAPERS PARAGON REVOLUTE BLUEPRINT MACHINERY PAcific 5841 631 Seymour Street Vancouver, B. C. ELECTRIC POWER EQUIPMENT LIMITED (K J. BARTHOLOMEW, !>««.) 128 5 Homer Street Vancouver, B. C. ■ POWER PLANT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING AND REPAIR PLANT MARCH, 1944 There is little indication of any pressure from the profession, which is a body of vague boundaries and divided organization, or from industry or from public authorities. The engineering colleges, on the other hand, have a long-established solidarity and a quite remarkable record of working out their policies and problems together. The Engineers' Council for Professional Development, which provides the colleges with a useful medium of consultation with the major professional bodies and the public licensing authorities, has so far not operated as a two-way channel of communication or of influence. One may predict, therefore, that postwar changes in engineering education will be by evolution along lines already well indicated. Unless there is a radical regrouping of studies between the secondary schools and higher institutions, engineering education will almost certainly continue as a self- contained division of higher education, similar to agriculture or commerce, spanning the entire undergraduate and postgraduate range of studies. It would thus continue its broadly functional character, in contrast to the sharply segregated professional disciplines of law, medicine, dentistry, and theology. The professional body is a nucleus within the field of engineering, but one separated by a vague boundary from the great body of technical workers and of administrators of industry. Differentiation between a distinctive professional training and a more general training for industrial administration has been in process for a decade or more, and is likely to be accelerated. So far, however, this differentiation has operated chiefly through the addition of postgraduate studies in advanced fields of science and technical speculation. The tendency thus set in motion to reduce the undergraduate programs to a few generic groups consisting almost wholly of mathematics, graphics, the physical sciences, and their fundamental applications, together with a band of such humanistic studies as English, history, and economics, topped off with an introduction to basic methods of engineering application through the balancing of technical and economic considerations, and to transfer practically all forms of higher specailization to the graduate level, seems to hold the most promise of future advancement. Such a plan is elastic; its time demands are adaptable to individual aptitudes, interests, Painting Surfaces properly prepared for application of good paints by 0 competent painters gives good % protection and good appearance and lasts longer. INDUSTRIAL :-: COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL — Spray and Brush — PACIFIC COAST PAINTING CO. 2828 Granville Street Vancouver, B. C. BAyview 3392 and needs; it would alleviate the traditional overcrowding of schedules; it would afford wider scope for general education throughout the undergraduate years; and it would encourage the extension of education as a part-time activity during the earlier years of active experience. Given some such guiding policy, widely accepted, a moderate differentiation between technical and management studies for undergraduates and a wider separation at the graduate level would be easily possible. In the development of such a plan, it would be the role of the colleges to initiate, of the professional bodies to sanction, and of the licensing authorities to implement an attainable advance from a four-year level of professional training to one of five years or in time even six, without sacrificing or even disturbing other educational services to which the colleges are committed. This appaers to be an eminently desirable and practically attainable postwar goal. William E. Wickenden, D.Eng., is president of the Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio. He formerly taught physics and electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin and at Massachusetts Institute of Technology; was personnel manager of the Bell Telephone Laboratories and assistant vice-president of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company; and directed an investigation of engineering education sponsored by the Carnegie Corporation and the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education. BAIT Amongst the awards of Lloyd's War Medal for bravery at sea was one to Thomas Wilson Chapman, carpenter. The ship, sailing alone, was torpedoed and sank. Carpenter Chapman was in charge of one of the boats which got away, and it was largely due to his exceptional courage, leadership and skill that the occupants were brought to safety after a voyage of 22 days in very heavy weather. When food supplies were getting short he caught a shark about 4 ft. 6 in. in length. Using his hand as a bait, he coolly waited until the shark approached, and catching it by the gills he threw it into the boat and then killed it. He also found time to nurse a sick man amongst all his other duties.—From The Overseas Engineer—January, 1944. • HEATING • VENTILATING and • POWER PLANT • ENGINEERS and • CONTRACTORS • - Leek & Co. LIMITED ESTABLISHED 189S 1111-17 Homer Street Vancouver, B. C. 40 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE fUrlhweU FAirmont 1257 75 W. 3rd Ave. Vancouver, B. C. MHnl manuforturittg ENGINEERS MACHINISTS Tool and Die Makers Plumbers' Supplies Everything in Metal (Enmjiatty Mb. STANDARD DERRICKS OF ALL SIZES AND FOR ALL PURPOSES MADE TO YOUR ORDER IN VANCOUVER NATIONAL MACHINERY COMPANY LIMITED Granville Island Vancouver, B. C. PATTERSON BOILER WORKS LIMITED Manufacturers of STEAM AND HEATING BOILERS :: SMOKE STACKS AND BREECHINGS PRESSURE AND STORAGE TANKS :: AIR RECEIVERS CANNERY RETORTS AND STEAM KETTLES All Kinds of Plate Work 756 Alexander Street HAstings 093 5 Repair Work a Specialty Vancouver, B. C. LONGYEAR The economic importance of diamond drilling as a means of locating and proving up ore bodies either by surface or underground machines is demonstrated in every mining field. Longyear Blast Hole Diamond Drills. We have cast-set diamond bits, full selection of best grade diamonds all sizes. Drill rods, core barrels, etc.,. etc. PURVIS E. RITCHIE & SONS 658 Hornby Street LIMITED MArine 45 57 Vancouver, B. C. MARCH, 1944 41 Headquarters for HARDWOODS FOR ALL PURPOSES Stocks available at our Vancouver warehouses. • LUMBER PANELS VENEER FLOORING • J. Fyie Smith Co. Ltd. MArine 2564 13 20 Richards St. Vancouver, B. C. MArine 4136-7 Power Panels • Switches o Manufacturers of Lighting and Power Panels Junction Boxes—Throughing Switch Boards (Open and Enclosed) Externally Operated and Open Knife Switches Interlocking Switches and SWING-WA Switch Units ELECTRIC PANEL MANUFACTURING LIMITED 1250 Richards Steet Vancouver, B. C. Manufacturers of mncHinERv and EQUipmcnT STEEL FABRICATORS BLACKSMITHING ELECTRIC WELDING Founded 1674 WE5TMIK5TER IRON WORKS COMPANY LIMITED 66 10™ 5T. NEW WESTMINSTER 70 yenAS of- Knxrufvriq JjcruS-/ Announcement Precision Instrument Co. are now located in their New Large and Modern Premises at 569 Richards St. You are cordially invited to drop in and see us. Same Phone Number: PAcific 6541 PRECISION INSTRUMENT CO. (T. H. RICHARDSON) YOU'RE FREE TO LEND — LEND TO BE FREE. BUY BONDS! THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE A LETTERS The Editor, 17 February, 1944. The Graduate Chronicle, University of B. C, Vancouver, B. C. Dear Sir: Am enclosing my cheque for $2.00 to cover one year's subscription to the Graduate Chronicle, I don't recollect just how far ahead I was paid up to heretofore, but it at all, please just add this on. Like you must be, I am looking ahead to bigger and better things from the graduates hoping that you will have enough subscribers to enlarge the Chronicle. More than anything I think the pages telling of other alumni, their whereabouts, etc., are to be anticipated for an early return. As a suggestion, I for one would like to see a few words each issue telling of the happenings with the faculty back at U.B.C.—they were pretty good friends as well as educators for my money. Wishing you lots of success, I remain, Yours most sincerely, W. R. DOWREY, JR., c/o Commander Service Squadron, South Pacific Force, Via Fleet P.O., San Francisco, Calif. Lt. (J.G.), U.S.N.R. Yellowknife, N.W.T., February 9th, 1944. Mr. P. R. Brissenden, Treasurer, Alumni Association of U.B.C, 640 West Pender Street, Vancouver, B.C. Dear Mr. Brissenden: The December issue of the Graduate Chronicle, the one with the photograph of a seductive hula dancer on the cover, has finally reached me after wandering from Copper Mountain, B.C., to Pamour, Ontario, to South Porcupine, Ontario, to Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Perhaps it would be a good idea if I enclosed sufficient money to cover the cost of a Life Membership, one year's subscription to the Chronicle and a change of address on your books. After all, it's almost two years since I left Copper Mountain. I would like to express my approval of the editorial entitled "Now Is the Time," and of the Executive's program as outlined under the heading "Start Digging." In fact it was "Start Digging" that inspired me to dig to the extent of a Life Membership. Yours very truly, W. J. TOUGH. February 21, 1944. Officers' Mess, No. 19 S.F.T.S., Vulcan, Alta., The Treasurer, Alumni Association of U.B.C, Vancouver, B.C. Dear Sir: I'm afraid 1 am one of the graduates who always intends to write and to send in his dollar, but never seems to get around to it. However, I happened to be re-reading the last Graduate Chronicle today, and decided that if I wanted any more, I should send along my dollar immediately for this year, so please find it enclosed. If you care for a bit of news for your next issue, there are several graduates and former students of U.B.C at this station. P/O Stewart, a former member of the Pep Club, who graduated I believe in 1936 or 1937 and who went to Australia in 1938 and joined the Australian Air Force, was stationed here for some time but is now at Flying Instructor's School at Pearce. F/O McKirdy of Vancouver, a former student, is a navigator instructor on the station. P/O Sloat, a graduate of McMaster and former lecturer at U.B.C, is a flying instructor here. Mr. Jack Townsend, another U.B.C student, is a meteorological officer on this station. P/O Max Chapin, also a previous Pep Clubber, is an armament instructor here. So we have quite a few of the University represented here. As for myself, I am a Commerce graduate of 1937, a Normal graduate of 1939, and at present I am meteorological officer for the Air Force here at Vulcan. Another one of our graduates, LAC H. Daunt, is at present a pilot in training at this station, having completed his elementarv training at Abbotsford, B.C. I hope you don't mind this rambling on of a former U.B.C. member, but I thought some member of the Association might be interested in my information, and you could, if you would, pass it on to them. Thanks. Yours sincerely, ROGER N. CHESTER, B.Com., '3 9. ROGER N. CHESTER, B.Com., '37. BATTLES AHEAD "Fierce battles lie ahead of us on the way to victory, but the more closely we collaborate the sooner we shall achieve victory over the enemy."—Mr. Feodor Gusev, Soviet Ambassador. IF IT IS PLASTIC WE CAN MAKE IT A. C. RUBBER MANUFACTURING COMPANY LIMITED RUBBER MOULDED GOODS AND PLASTICS OF ALL KINDS CUSTOM MOULDED Made in British Columbia 2311-2315 Cambie Street Vancuover, B. C. FAir. 3 226 SURGEONS' RUBBER GLOVES ACID GLOVES MArine 5364 MACDONALD & MACDONALD INSPECTING AND TESTING ENGINEERS ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS • ASSAYERS 718 GRANVILLE STREET VANCOUVER, B. C. MARCH. 1944 43 Woodworking machine features flexibility When the first circular saw was placed in operation at New Orleans in 1803, the workmen promptly destroyed it because they feared the loss of their jobs. This action was not unlike the treatment accorded numerous "fool" inventions that have since created better standards of living. However, the scarcity of skilled craftsmen in a growing nation soon encouraged others to introduce badly-needed mechanical equipment. Thus came the development of single purpose woodworking machines, such as cutoff saws, rip saws, shapers, tenonenrs, dado machines and others. Today, industry has over 5,000 uses for wood. Among the wide variety of articles utilizing wood, in one form or another, are clothing, linoleum, plywood, paper, innumerable molded wooden articles (ranging from art objects to kitchen- ware), plastics and housing materials. Such varied use of wood required the work of many different machines . . . since each unit at one time was designed and built for one purpose alone. This condition necessitated a large initial outlay of capital for machinery alone in order to offer maximum service. Frequently, a woodworking plant's requirements would change from one season to another. Certain products would require the constant use of only one or two machines . . . while the others remained idle and depreciated in value. In order to increase production, such a plant was therefore forced to buy more machinery. Consequently, there arose a great demand for equipment that was as flexible as the cutting need. The perfection of the versatile DeWalt machine is claimed to be the answer to this need. The manufacturer states that one DeWalt will do the work and earn the profits of many machines for it does every operation as well as, or better than, any manually oper- Vancouver Sales & Appraisals Limited Western Headquarters for Reconditioned MINING EQUIPMENT Ball Mills, Crushers, Compressors, Stopers, Drifters, Jackhammers, Pumps—all types and sizes, Motors and Mine Hoists, Assay Equipment, Ore Cars and Rail, Tramlines, Skips, etc. GENERATING EQUIPMENT Steam—all types; Hydro, Diesel or Gasoline driven. Pole Line Supplies and Hardware. Pipe and Penstock. Pulleys and Bearings. Write, Phone or Wire Your Requirements We Have or Can Get It Vancouver Sales & Appraisals LIMITED Vancouver 846 Beach Avenue Phone: MA 7254 MA 7255 Edmonton 210 C.P.R. Building Phone: 28884 ated, individual purpose machine. The DeWalt will make every known saw cut—cutoff, miter, rip, bevel cutoff, bevel miter and bevel rip. With the addition of dado heads, shaper cutters and other tools, it can be quickly converted into a dado machine, shaper, tenoner rip saw, etc. The variety of its operations is limited only by the ingenuity of the operator. For the small operator, DeWalt means a distinct saving in equipment necessary to render maximum service. For the large operator, this modern equipment means an efficient single purpose machine which, in an emergency or on demand, can be quickly changed to another job. It is used wherever wood is cut. The versatility of this machine lies principally in the fact that there are three 3 60° adjustments. The cantilever arm rotates a full 3 60° horizontally around the column for right- or left-hand mitering. The motor yoke swivels 3 60° horizontally under its carriage while the motor rotates 360° vertically within its yoke. And no matter how the cutting tool is located, the DeWalt performs every operation flawlessly at production speeds. The arm slide rides on ball bearings so that the machine may be adjusted to absolute accuracy and yet finger-tip pressure will control its movements through the material. This machine, therefore, can take the place of five or six single- purpose machines, being instantly adjusted for its different operations with great saving in set-up time alone, and because of this versatility, speed and accuracy, these machines soon pay for themselves because they are seldom idle, and because of their accomplishments, not only soon pay for themselves, but return during their lifetime many times their original cost to their owners. These machines are all very sturdily constructed and last for many years. DeWalt machines are built from ]/z H.P. to 15 H.P. single phase machines of 11/2, 2 and 3 H.P. which can run on electric light current. Our 11/2 and 2 H.P. machines are made in either portable or deluxe models, the latter being the same machine mounted on steel table with steel legs and wooden top. For building, shopwork, maintenance and construction these machines are unsurpassed. In the construction and building of the Alaska Military Highway, DeWalt Machines played an important part. The United States Government, after most severe tests with all manually-operated woodworking machinery available, have bought more than ninety-eight hundred DeWalts, which speaks for itself. DeWalt Disher Corporation Limited, 402 Pender Street West, Vancouver, B. C, are the Dominion of Canada Representatives for DeWatl Woodworking and DeWalt Metal- cutting Machines. Mrs. Shirley Gross, Secretary-Treasurer, Alumni Association of the University of British Columbia, Brock Building, University of B. C, Vancouver, B. C. Dear Madam: Enclosed please find: (a) My annual subscription fee of $2.00 to the GRADUATE CHRONICLE ( ) (b) My annual subscription fee of $1.00 to the ASSOCIATION. ( ) Please send my CHRONICLE to: Name - Address 44 THE GRADUATE CHRONICLE WHERE QUALITY IS PARAMOUNT m-sm VARNISHES & LACQUERS. USE PRODUCTS MADE BY ne MARTIN-SENOUR VANCOUVER, B. C. Manufacturers of a Full Line of Tested and Proved Paints for All Purposes CO. LTD. At the time this edger was built at HEAPS plant—1918—it was the last word in high production machinery— and is still going strong. ->- -<—Since that date HEAPS have progressively improved on design — the modern HEAPS edger gives faster — better — safer production than was thought possible a few years ago. hat shall we do with VICTORY? We are going to win this war. No one doubts that. The road may be hard still, and long still, but it can lead to only one goal. One of these days we shall wake to find that the last shot has been fired . .. the last war cloud has been swept from the sky . . . Victory will be here, shining like a sunrise. Victory, with all its possibilities— all its opportunities and all its problems! Has anyone thought what we shall do with it? For Victory is not an end but a beginning. It is a doorway through which millions of us will come crowding eagerly into a new and bright but uncertain world. Millions of us . . . pressing back from our war jobs . . . men and women from the fighting services, men and women from the arms plants. Has anyone thought what we shall do? Has anyone thought how our enthusiasm and strength and goodwill shall be turned to good account — for Peace? Goodness knows there will be plenty that will need doing. There will be tens of thousands of new homes to be built in our cities and townships and hamlets and on our farms. There will be equipment and furnishings needed to outfit these homes. There will be thousands of miles of new roads to lay down—thousands of miles of old roads to improve and light. There will be bridges to throw across our rivers and ravines . . . railroads to modernize and electrify and provide with new rolling stock ... a great programme of rural electrification to carry out — to lighten the lives of farming folk. Factories, offices, stores, will need new machines, new elevators, new lighting installations. Recreational and entertainment centres will be required—new ball parks, theatres, sports arenas, swimming pools. Enlarged universities, schools, libraries, hospitals and civic centres—Canada will need many such, and their planning, building, equipment and operation can find employment for tens of thousands of us. We need not wonder what we can do with Victory. But we should be wondering now, how we shall do it! We should be wondering what part we each can play in winning the coming peace. Those of us who are home-makers should be wondering what we shall do about our post-war dwellings. Those of us who are industrialists should be wondering what we shall do about the modernization of our plants. Those of us who market and merchandise, should be wondering how we can better our shops and stores and warehouses. Those of us who have the gift for civic leadership should be wondering about the housing needs, the cultural and recreational needs of our communities. For this country of ours is heading for peace. And peace, make no mistake about it, will demand just as mighty an all-out effort from us as war. That is why, while there must not be the slightest relaxation of our all-out efforts to win the war — we must plan for the post-war future and we must start planning todayj Many governmental, municipal and indus- trialrgroups already are active upon such planning. Many individuals are planning. But more planning is needed; more is possible. For, by planning today, we prepare ready-made markets for the post-war tomorrow — markets which will absorb our fullest productive effort and thus create full and gainful employment for everyone. CANADIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC c^iD ^Campbell fc Smith Ltd., Effectire Printing
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UBC Publications
The Graduate Chronicle Mar 31, 1944
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