Open Collections

Schwarz, Dietmar; Spitzer, Sara M.; Thomas, Austen C.; Kohnert, Christa M.; Keates, Theresa R.; Acevedo-Gutiérrez, Alejandro

<b>Abstract</b><br/>Sex‐specific diet information is important in the determination of predator impacts on prey populations. Unfortunately, the diet of males and females can be difficult to describe, particularly when they are marine predators. We combined two molecular techniques to describe haul‐out use and prey preferences of male and female harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from Comox and Cowichan Bay (Canada) during 2012–2013. DNA metabarcoding quantified the diet proportions comprised of prey species in harbor seal scat, and qPCR determined the sex of the individual that deposited each scat. Using 287 female and 260 male samples, we compared the monthly sex ratio with GLMs and analyzed prey consumption relative to sex, season, site, and year with PERMANOVA. The sex ratio between monthly samples differed widely in both years (range = 12%–79% males) and showed different patterns at each haul‐out site. Male and female diet differed across both years and sites: Females consumed a high proportion of demersal fish species while males consumed more salmonid species. Diet composition was related to both sex and season (PERMANOVA: R2 = 27%, p < 0.001; R2 = 24%, p < 0.001, respectively) and their interaction (PERMANOVA: R2 = 11%, p < 0.001). Diet differences between males and females were consistent across site and year, suggesting fundamental foraging differences, including that males may have a larger impact on salmonids than females. Our novel combination of techniques allowed for both prey taxonomic and spatiotemporal resolution unprecedented in marine predators.; <b>Usage notes</b><br /><div class="o-metadata__file-usage-entry"><h4 class="o-heading__level3-file-title">Sex of depositor and diet proportions for individual scat samples</h4><div class="o-metadata__file-description">The file lists the sex of the scat depositor, individual sample ID, sampling month, sampling season, sampling year, and sampling site, as well as the diet proportions of different prey species (in %) for each individual sample used in the study. Salmonid prey species proportions are listed separately for juvenile and adult salmon. The columns with prey species diet proportions are followed by columns showing diet proportions by order (for fish) or higher taxonomic level for invertebrates (Crustacea and Cephalopoda).</div><div class="o-metadata__file-name">Data accessibility file for Dryad.csv</br></div></div>

Salish Sea

Dryad version number: 1</p>

Version status: submitted</p>

Dryad curation status: Published</p>

Sharing link: https://datadryad.org/stash/share/-NaRRIGkvWNHZ0138ev0tjj7-7noEp7bxpe2V4I35dE</p>

Storage size: 182264</p>

Visibility: public</p>

University of British Columbia Library

10.14288/1.0397760

https://doi.org/10.5683/SP2/JW6DEI; https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g23j32s

Dataverse