PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Hon. R. G. Williston, Minister J. S. Stokes, Deputy Minister of Forests REPORT of the FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1971 Printed by K. M. MacDonald, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1972 Victoria, British Columbia, March 1972. To Colonel the Honourable John R. Nicholson, P.C, O.B.E., Q.C., LL.D., Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: Herewith I respectfully submit the Annual Report of the Forest Service of the Department of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources for 1971. R. G. WILLISTON Minister of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources The Honourable R. G. Williston, Minister of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources, Victoria, British Columbia. Sir: This is the Annual Report of the Forest Service for 1971. J. S. STOKES Deputy Minister of Forests * xHs*.- ■ • a CONTENTS Pace 1. Chief Forester's Report 11 2. Inventory Division 15 Highlights 15 1971 Progress 15 Developments 17 3. Research Division 21 Tree-improvement Studies 21 Seedling Physiology Studies 22 Soil Classification 23 Ecology 23 Data Processing 23 Silviculture 24 Kamloops 24 Nelson 24 Prince George 25 Prince Rupert 25 Forest Productivity Committee 25 4. Reforestation Division 29 Forest Tree Seed 29 Forest Nurseries 30 Reconnaisance and Survey Work 32 Planting 33 Co-operation 34 Interdepartmental Forestry and Corrections Camp Programme 35 5. Information Division 39 Photography 39 Motion Pictures 39 Forest Service Library 40 Film Library 40 Displays 40 Education 40 Signs 40 Forest Service Museum 40 7 AA 8 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES P4CE 6. Management Division 43 Market Prices and Stumpage Trends 43 Stumpage Adjustments 43 Sustained-yield Programme 44 Public Sustained-yield Units 44 Tree-farm Licences 44 Forest Recreation 45 Silviculture : 45 Scaling 45 7. Grazing Division 49 General Conditions 49 Range and Pasture Management 49 Range Surveys 50 Range and Pasture Improvements 50 Co-operation^ 51 Administration 51 Grazing and Hay Permits 51 Grazing Fees 51 Control and Enforcement 52 8. Engineering Division 55 Highlights 55 Engineering Surveys 55 Design 55 Management Engineering 55 Construction 56 Reservoir Improvements 56 Building and Marine Services 56 Mechanical 56 Forest Service Maintenance Depot 58 Communications 58 9. Protection Division 61 Weather 61 Fires 61 Occurrence and Cause 61 Cost of Fire-fighting 61 Damage 61 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 9 Page Protection Division—Continued Fire-suppression Crews 61 Provincial Student Employment Programme 62 Aircraft 62 Mutual Aid, Department of National Defence 62 Roads and Trails 62 Slash Disposal 62 Snag Disposal 63 Fire-law Enforcement 63 Forest-use Restrictions 63 Protection Planning and Research 64 Fire Statistics 64 Visibility Mapping and Lookout Photography 64 Fuel-moisture Indicator Sticks 64 Insect, Disease, and Pesticide Administration 64 Research Projects 64 Service and Co-operation 66 10. Training School. 69 Extra Courses and Functions 69 Construction 69 11. Accounting Division : 73 Fiscal 73 Administration 73 12. Personnel Division 77 Communications and Training 77 Establishment, Recruitment, and Staff Turnover 77 13. Personnel Directory, 1971 . 79 14. Appendix—Detailed Statements to Supplement the Report of the Forest Service ; 81 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 CHIEF FORESTER'S REPORT In most respects, 1971 was a good year for the British Columbia Forest Service. Direct revenues collected from logging operations totalled $67,669,895—an increase of 8.6 per cent over 1970. The total scale of all products in 1971 was 1,997,081,172 cubic feet—an increase of 3.2 per cent over the previous year; and the lumber market improved considerably throughout the year, with encouraging prospects for 1972. The pulp and paper sector, however, experienced a "soft" market and was forced to make cutbacks in production. Steadily mounting public interest and concern over forest land uses resulted in the firming-up of "balanced use" policies and special attention to forest recreation plans and administration. Other highlights of 1971: • A record 43,846,400 seedlings were planted on 102,177 acres by the Forest Service and industry—an increase of 9,835.300 trees over 1970. Planting on Crown land in the Interior more than doubled. • The United States continues to be our best customer for forest products—taking more than 60 per cent of our total production, and some 70 per cent of our lumber. Japan and the United Kingdom took 12 and 9 per cent respectively, while Australia remains our fourth best customer. • Plywood and shingle production showed increases, and reflected increased housing activity throughout most of North America. • The greatest single problem for industry was undoubtedly in the pulp and paper segment, which experienced a "soft" market throughout the year. Production of chips exceeded demand. • Capital expenditure committed for the construction of new wood-processing plants and for additions to existing ones neared the $595 million mark. Approximately $250 million of that amount was for additions to pulp and paper mills. • There were 2,898 forest fires throughout the Province in 1971, and the direct cost of fighting them was approximately $11.7 million—the highest cost tag on record. The fires burned approximately 878,000 acres, which compares with a 10-year average of 263,000 acres. • Despite increased demands for divergent use of Crown grazing land, its use by domestic stock continued at the same level as in 1970. Improved management increased forage production and integration of grazing with other uses. • Among major engineering projects completed during 1971 was the construction of a bridge across the Nass River near Meziadin Lake. It provides access between the Northern Trans-Provincial Highway and the Stewart-Cassiar Highway, providing the town of Stewart with its first land access to the rest of the Province. • Pondage clearance operations continued with another 10,000 acres treated at Williston Lake, bringing the total to 95,000 acres; and plans have been made for a postflooding clean-up programme to salvage usable timber and dispose of floating debris. II A A 12 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS. AND WATER RESOURCES An additional 13.000 acres of the Mica pondage were cleared, bringing the total to 38.000, with 11 miles of road relocated and constructed. Pre-flood operations will be completed during 1972. with flooding scheduled for the spring of 1973. Forest inventory surveys were continued on proposed and approved public sustained-yield units, and detailed information is now available on 115 million acres—compared to 97 million in 1970. Forest land in 14 public sustained-yield units was placed under reserve and gazetted as Provincial forests in 1971. The total land under reserve is now 114,075 square miles, and another nine forest reserves are being processed. Research continues into the development of stock for the regeneration of harvested areas throughout the Province, and a forest land classification system has been developed for the mapping of forest land. It will provide a framework for intensive forest management. Effective January 1, 1972, all log production in the Province will be measured in terms of firmwood cubic feet instead of board feet. The Forest Service's responsibility for forest recreation has been firmly established, with a Recreation Forester appointed in Victoria to co-ordinate the new function. A small staff has been added to each forest district to implement recreation plans and procedures, and their initial duties include the compiling of a recreation inventory for each district. Close-utilization operations continued to increase, and by year's end an estimated 72 per cent of the total Provincial cut was in accordance with the "close-u" standard. Marine hazards were reduced with the collection of more than 7 million cubic feet of drift logs under the Log Salvage Regulation—an increase of 1.6 million cubic feet over 1970. At the request of the Select Standing Committee on Forestry and Fisheries, concentrated investigations were made into the floating and beach wood debris problem, with detailed reports expected early in 1972. Log exports accounted for 28 million cubic feet (about 1 per cent of the total Provincial cut), compared with 50 million cubic feet in 1970. Detailed planning commenced on the formation of a sixth forest district. The Cariboo Forest District will incorporate the southern portion of the Prince George District and northern sections of the Kamloops District, and will be fully operational by 1973. Headquarters will be at Williams Lake. The Provincial summertime student employment programme saw an additional 560 people employed by the Forest Service. They enabled Rangers to complete many outstanding projects, and many of the students provided valuable assistance in fire-fighting operations. The Service's public relations programme devoted particular emphasis to the theme of balanced use of forest resources. :S WESTERN WHITE PINE inventory division REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 15 INVENTORY DIVISION HIGHLIGHTS With the continuation of unit standard surveys over approved and proposed public sustained-yield units (PSYU's), such information is now available on 115,000,000 acres. Loss-factor work continued in northern British Columbia in the Blueberry and Moberly PSYU's. Stand-table information on number of trees per acre by diameter class, snags per acre, vets per acre in immature, etc., has been provided for all areas surveyed since 1968. The remeasurement cycle was commenced on permanent sample plots when nine 10-year-old plots were remeasured in the Prince George Forest District. 1971 PROGRESS Classification of forest-cover types, sampling of mature and immature stands, derivation of loss factors, and determination of the growth and yield of immature stands continued throughout 1971. The Division completed field work to unit standard on four public sustained- yield units and a part of a fifth, one proposed special sale area, one proposed sustained-yield unit, and the Aleza Lake Forest Reserve. A total of 15,547,540 acres was brought to unit standard. Table A—1971 Field Work Unit Standard Inventory Public Sustained-yield Unit, Special Sale Area, Etc. Maps Classified Number of Samples Total Estimated Acreage Mature Immature 3 163 24 90 68 106 2061 105 51 140 173 66 355 234 164 206 8 194 230 85 51 243 218 96 19,666 Dawson Creek SSA . . 3,897,025 389,456 1,190,748 Longworth 1,257,779 2,125,169 4,408,092 2,259,605 Totals 765 1,389 1,125 15,547,540 1 Map scale of 1 inch—40 chains. remainder 20 chains. Loss Factor. 5 13 4 15 5 Blueberry.— Moberly _____ 422 ....___. 2 Felled samples. AA 16 REPORT OF LANDS. FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Table A—1971 Field Work—Continued Growth and Yield Public Sustained-yield Unit, Special Sale Area. Etc. Maps Classified Number of Samples Total Estimated Acreage Mature Immature Initial measurements—■ 6 94 52 14 4 5 Remeasurements— i - 1753 ■"■ Permanent remeasurable samples. Radio communications improved in northern regions with portable single sideband transceivers being used in fly camps for the first time. More than 170 personnel were employed on field projects, including 95 seasonal employees. Three helicopters operated on four-month contracts, logging over 1,100 hours on field projects, approximately 725 hours on forest classification flights, and nearly 300 hours for transporting sampling crews to remote areas. Table B—Production of Final Forest-cover Maps for 1970 Projects Public Sustained-yield Unit Number of Maps Forest and Nonforest Area in ACres Crown Alienated Total Volume in Cunits for Mature Crown Area Barton Hill Botanie E & N Crown (unregulated).. Fort St. James SSA_ Furry Creek SSA - _. Kotcho (proposed) —.. Moberly____ Nicola — — Stikine (proposed) ;> Stuart Lake —- Takla (southern portion)- Vancouver- 13 66 47 6 4 244 . .96 59 69 67 33 58 I 1 162,173 ,298,414 148,925 24,640 18,984 513,175 889,393 950,883 018,268 ,510,800 853,342 550,367 5,692 134,069 25,136 5,905 1,202 127,322 267,342 17,262 27,726 •854 419,988 Totals- 762 | 17,939,364 | 1,032,498 „ I I 167,865 1,432,483 148,925 49,776 24,889 5,514,377 2,016,715 1,218,225 5,035,530 1,538,526 •854,196 970,355 4,385. 13,024 349 400 659 •2,900 20,738 10,282 26,935 25,591 •10,745 13,279 5401 1001 0902 4101 7802 0001 4201 2501 .8201 .9101 ,8001 .3402 18,971,862 j 129,292,460 I * Estimates. i Volume at 7.1"+d.b.h. close utilization less decay. - Volume at 9.1"-(-d.b.h. close utilization less decay. 3 Map scale of 1 inch=40 chains. Decay studies continued in the hemlock-cedar wet belt of the Kinbasket and Nakusp PSYU's. Northern units studied included the Moberly and Blueberry PSYU's with two independent smaller crews. Local loss-factor groupings for cedar and hemlock in Zones 4 and 6 were produced: Zone 4—Longworth-Robson. Zone 6—Eagle-Okanagan-Salmon Arm-Spallumcheen. 138° 136° 134c 132° 130° 128° 126° 124° 122° 120° 116° 114° 112° 110° PUBLIC SUSTAINED YIELD UNITS (PS.Y.U's) P.S.Y.U. 's PUBLIC SUSTAINED YIELD UNITS IBB Inside Pulpwood Harvesting Areas | P.H.A. NO. 1 Prince George Pulp and Paper Limited 9. Big Valley 43. Naver 15. Carp 44. Nechako 20. Crooked River 52. Parsnip NO. 2 Kamloops Pulp & Paper Co. Ltd. Adams Barriere Barton Hill Botanie Eagle . NO. 3 Northwood Pulp Limited 12. Bowron 37. Longwor th NO. 4 Bulkley Valley Forest Industries Limited 4. Babine 40. Morice 13. Burns Lake NO,. 5 Cariboo Pulp & Paper Company Limited 17. Cottonwood 42. Narcosli NO. 7 Intercontinental Pulp Company Ltd. 53. Peace 69. Takla 45. Nehalliston 46. Nicola 47. Niskonlith 49. North Thompson 39. Monkman 55. Purden s 1 1 71. Stua rt Lake 77. Westlake 79. Willow River 59. Raft 63. Salmon Arm 64. Shuswap 70. Spallumcheen 61. Robson 68. Smithers 58. Quesnel Lake P.S.Y.U.'s I ^ Outside Pulpwood Harvesting Areas 29. Granby 57. Queen Charlotte 30. Hecate 60. Rivers Inlet 31. Kamloops 62. Salmo 32. Kettle 65. Similkameen 33. Kinbasket 66. Skeena 34. Kingcome 67. Slocan 35. Lac la Hache 69. Soo 36. Lardeau 72. Stum 38. Moberly 74. Upper Kootenay 41. Nakusp 75. Vancouver 48. Nootka • 76. Wapiti 50. Okanagan 78. Williams Lake 51. Ootsa 80. Windermere 56. Quadra 81. Yalakom SPECIAL SALE AREAS HHIID 27. Fort St. James (0-I-C 1888/65) 28. Furry Creek (O-I-C 3909/67) 54. Prince George (O-I-C 2811/62) TREE FARM LICENCES ■■ T.F.L. No. 21. 22. MacMillan, Bloedel Industries Ltd. British Columbia Forest Products Limited 23. Canadian Cellulose Company, Limited 24. Rayonier Canada (B.C.) Limited 25. Rayonier Canada (B.C.) Limited 26.. The Corporation of the District of Mission 27. British Columbia Forest Products Limited 30. Sinclair Spruce Lumber Company Ltd. 32. Crown Zellerbach Canada Limited 33. Federated Co-Operatives Limited 35. B.C. Interior Sawmills Ltd. 36. F. & R. Logging Co. Ltd. 37. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. 38. Empire Mills Limited 39. MacMillan, Bloedel Limited 41. Eurocan Pulp and Paper Co. Ltd. 13. Mount Seymour 14. Stone Mountain'' 15. Strathcona 16. Tweedsmuir 17. Wells Gray 18. Yoho 19. Cathedral 58° 56° 54° 52° 50° BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES HONOURABLE R. G. WILLISTON, MINISTER Scale 0 40 Sp Iff) 40 30 20 MILES STATUS OF SUSTAINED-YIELD FORESTRY PROGRAMME AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1971 48° 136° 134° 132° 130° 128° 126° 124° 122° 120° 116° REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE. 1971 AA 17 The growth and yield section constructed 10 zonal volume-over-age curves, mostly in Zone 4. In addition, 56 local curves were prepared, using data from the Fontas, Kotcho, Moberly, Stikine, Stuart, and Vancouver PSYU's. Forty-three diameter-over-age curves were also drawn for the above-listed public sustained- yield units. The former curves provide mean annual increment, and the latter average tree diameters for growth types at any stand age. Work continued on the compiling of stand-table information for all units surveyed in 1968, 1969, and 1970. Approximately $24,000 was received from the sale of 18,097 maps, reports, Xerox prints, and Forest Inventory Statistics 1967, an increase of over $5,000 since 1969. A total of 19,899 maps was supplied to the Forest Service and other departments; while 32,269 reductions printed in the new 1860 Xerox were supplied to forest districts, other departments, and the public. DEVELOPMENTS In 1971 the forest land in 14 public sustained-yield units was placed under reserve and gazetted as the Barton Hill, Bell-Irving, Canoe, Kettle, Lardeau, Monk- man, Nicola, Niskonlith, Okanagan, Parsnip, Salmo, Skeena, Slocan, and Spallum- cheen Forests. Another nine forest reserves are being processed. No 70-mm. photos were taken in 1971 for the Inventory Division. However, an inventory standing samples system programme was developed to compute standing samples, using 70-mm. photos. Output will include individual tree listing and individual sample volume statement. More than 9,000 acres of privately held forest property within the Kingcome PSYU were examined for real-property assessment by the Inventory Division on behalf of the Department of Finance. Volume and depletion studies in wet-belt cedar will be rounded out with sampling in the Quesnel PSYU. Loss-factor work will be extended in the north in the Klappan and Finlay PSYU's. Growth and yield work will continue in the Kamloops Forest District. It is planned to produce stand-table information for all future unit surveys. The land-use planner will continue to correlate pertinent ecological and recreational information as unit surveys are conducted. The Division's warehouse at Green Timbers was destroyed by fire on December 26, with building and equipment losses estimated at $400,000. WESTERN LARCH research division REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 21 RESEARCH DIVISION A detailed report on the research programme for 1971 will appear in the Forest Research Review compiled at the end of the fiscal year. TREE-IMPROVEMENT STUDIES The clone-bank area is constantly being improved. Twenty acres of a logged area at the Cowichan Lake Experiment Station and 13 acres on the North Arm Forest on the opposite side of the lake were cleared by complete stumping and burning. The fence was extended at the experiment station and is now enclosing the total area west of Station Road, approximately 210 acres. On the North Arm clearing a fence was built along the highway. The office building was remodelled and an additional room was provided for pollen extraction and cone-drying. A workshop was constructed in the existing storage shed. A major thinning for the first time was undertaken in the clone-banks, which had close spacing between the ramets. Criteria for this thinning was graft compatibility and flower production. On 2 acres of the thinned area, where the ramets were 10 years or older, topping of all remaining ramets at approximately 15 feet height was conducted. This is an attempt to develop bushy trees that will produce flowers closer to the ground, thus making controlled pollinations easier. The anticipated crop of reproductive buds matured on the clone bank at the Forest Experiment Station and a start was made on a controlled pollination programme. Crosses were made for progeny testing and for use in a second-generation selection scheme. A total of 8,458 female strobili was isolated from 83 clones, while 95 pollen lots were handled. A four-pollen tester mating design was used to provide some comparisons of general combining ability of the plus-tree clones, while crosses were made on a wider basis for selection and inclusion in the first replacement seed orchards planned by the Reforestation Division. As part of the coordinated approach, Tahsis Company made available the buds of their Saanich orchard where a further 1,250 female strobili from 34 clones were isolated. Sufficient seed is now available to start the nursery phases. The Research Division also co-operated with the Reforestation Division to complete the collection of wind-pollinated seed from trees at high elevations in the Fraser Valley and Pemberton areas for the Dewdney seed orchard. Collections were made from 80 trees well distributed over the zone. A further nine test-sites were planted with racial crosses of Douglas fir on Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland in the spring of 1971. This makes a grand total of 28 established since 1966. The early results from the test-sites planted with 1 + 1 seedlings in 1966 were measured in the autumn of 1971. Some of the progeny of these crosses are already more than I6V2 feet high. A limited number of pollinations was made. Investigations into the occurrence of dwarfing in the Douglas fir is continuing. Nine test-sites of a provenance study of coastal Douglas fir were planted in the spring of 1971. Height measurements of 66 provenances were obtained at the Port Renfrew test-site, and additional test-sites were prepared for planting in 1972. Studies of genetic variation in Pinus cotttorta continued with a morphometric examination of needle samples from mature trees and their progeny. Among the several characters evaluated, stomatal density (the number of stomates per unit area) appears to be strongly heritable as well as highly correlated with seed source. AA 22 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES This trait is now being used taxonomically to evaluate variation in a range-wide collection of 144 provenances. The study will eventually incorporate data from tree-ring analyses on an extensive collection of increment cores. Sponsored by the Forest Service, this work is being carried out at the University of British Columbia under the direction of a member of the Faculty of Forestry. First-season survival of 30 contorta provenances, planted at test-sites in the Prince George, Nelson, and Vancouver Forest Districts, exceeded 99 per cent at all locations, and marked growth differences between provenances were recorded. Seed of another 150 provenances has been sown at the Red Rock nursery for more comprehensive field trials. Plants representing 886 families and provenances have been selected and prepared for planting in breeding arboreta at Red Rock and Lake Cowichan. Part of the stock remaining from these selections was planted in randomized blocks on a 50-acre test-site near Prince George. After one season, 81-per-cent average take was recorded among 3,000 ramets representing 75 plus trees from northern British Columbia and Yukon Territory. These had been grafted in early spring on three-year-old potted rootstock at Red Rock. Approximately 5,000 rootstocks have been prepared to receive scions from another 75 plus trees from north-central British Columbia. Wind-pollinated seed was collected and has been processed for use in the progeny-trial evaluation of parent trees. At the Red Rock Nursery and Research Centre a small laboratory was completed in the basement of the administration building where research seed lots can be counted, germination tests made, and cold storage provided. Construction of a lath house was commenced and the foundation was completed in December. In co-operation with the Reforestation Division, approximately 375 acres of the 5,000-acre Red Rock Reserve on the west side of the Fraser River were cleared and prepared for planting of spruce and pine seed orchards and a breeding arboreta. Some 200,000 Interior spruce seeds were sown from 138 plus trees of the Smithers Selection Unit. Nearly 20 per cent of the trees from this unit produced seeds with low germinability. A plantation-site was prepared for the first progeny test of plus trees in the Prince George Selection Unit. Cones were collected from 110 of the 132 plus trees of the East Kootenay Selection Unit. Analyses of the heights of the 2-year-old progenies to be used in this test indicated a possible I5-per-cent height-growth gain if only the top 35 per cent of the seedlings were selected for seed production. The 13th meeting of the Committee on Forest Tree Breeding in Canada was hosted by the Research Division in Prince George in August. More than 40 delegates from Canada and the United States attended the four-day convention. SEEDLING PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES Field work on the study of N uptake by 10-year-old Douglas fir trees was completed and chemical analysis of samples commenced. This experiment is an extension of work which showed that seedlings of Sitka spruce, white spruce, western hemlock, and Douglas fir tend to grow faster on ammonium sources of nitrogen than on nitrate sources of nitrogen. A year-long test has shown that the 1 kiloherz: 1 megaherz impedance ratio gives a good indication of severity of frost damage in Douglas fir, and the method REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 23 was used to help the Reforestation Division estimate nursery losses due to "un- seasonal" frosts on the Coast during September 1970. An electronically controlled thermostatic device was designed (with assistance from the University of Queensland) and built to control air temperature to ± 1 °C over the range 8°C to — 25 =C and is now in use for determining absolute frost-hardiness of seedlings. Continuing work with herbicides has shown that triazine compounds, particularly '"Propazine," are very effective and economical in controlling weeds in seedbeds at one coastal nursery, where excellent results were obtained on several acres. A chemical laboratory for soil and plant-tissue analysis was added to the existing laboratory at North Road in Victoria. SOIL CLASSIFICATION A one-week course was given to approximately 100 Government and company foresters to facilitate the application of the British Columbia Forest Service Land Classification System, A Mapping and Interpretation System for the Forested Lands of British Columbia (Research Note 54). Assistance was given to Crown Zellerbach, Rayonier, and British Columbia Forest Products foresters in mapping their land. Approximately 20,000 acres of the Kitimat Valley were mapped for species suitability—a framework for species trials and operational reforestation practices. ECOLOGY Analyses of vegetational data by the association method of Williams and Lambert produced promising results, but this method is expensive in computer time and limited in the quantity of data that can be analysed. Dissimilarity analysis of Macnaughton-Smith was selected for trial. This method was first applied to synthetic models and then to small lots of data. The resulting classifications are satisfactory, computing time much less, and larger quantities of data can be analysed. Data from vegetation plots in the Fort Nelson area were analysed and are being recorded to illustrate the method. Data from 735 vegetation plots in the north- central Interior have been prepared for analysis. DATA PROCESSING A Forest Service request for computer equipment to replace the IBM 1440 system located in the Vancouver Scaling Office led to a series of discussions with systems analysts of the Department of Industrial Development, Trade, and Commerce. The desire of the Department of Industrial Development, Trade, and Commerce personnel was to replace the IBM 1440 with a teleprocessing link to their data centre in Victoria. Equipment in the Victoria data centre was to be upgraded to handle the extra work load. Forest Service personnel assisted Department of Industrial Development, Trade, and Commerce systems analysts by explaining the existing system until the request for an upgrade of equipment was turned down. It was decided to postpone further systems design until a change of equipment had been approved. The Forest Service decided to stop scaling logs in foot board measure and lumber cubic feet effective January 1, 1972. On October 1, 1971, the selling price used for calculating Coast stumpage rates was to be reported in firmwood cubic feet instead of foot board measure. This led to a series of administrative changes to ensure continued service. Management officers were assisted in planning the AA 24 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES changes in duties of personnel. New computer programmes were designed to incorporate these changes and to change some data records. Approximately 27,000 data and programme cards were punched. Most of the programmes were already developed, except the dissimilarity analysis, which is a new programme, used to group similar plant communities based on presence and absence of a maximum of 200 different species. The calculation of elements used in our soil and tissue analysis tests is also computerized. A new version of this programme eliminates hand interpolation of concentration values and accepts readings from new analytical laboratory equipment. Assistance has been given to reforestation in the evaluation of container planting trials which involved several thousand survival assessment and growth measurements. SILVICULTURE Kamloops Three projects were initiated to study aspects of lodgepole pine stand management. The first is a long-term project to determine optimum tree-spacing in natural stands. The second is to observe the effects of logging method, size of clearcut, and preparation of seed-bed in natural regeneration. The third is a series of short-term studies to assess the effects of grass sowing on establishment and survival of pine seedlings within clearcut and clearcut-burned areas. Container planting trials were completed in the field and previous trials are being reassessed. The performance of spruce and lodgepole pine is promising, particularly in plugs, but containerized seedlings of Douglas fir failed to survive as well as bare-root seedlings of this species. It is believed the seedlings were grown too long in containers prior to out-planting. There is no significant difference in the cost per stocked spot between mattock- planted trees and direct seeding of spots using the Panama seeder, even on sites more arduous to plant that spot-sow. Costs are higher for planting, but these are offset by the greater number of stocked spots and their better spacing in comparison with the direct-seeding method. In connection with the Cedar-Hemlock Rehabilitation project, a tally of surviving seedlings on two areas which had been direct-seeded near Enderby and Golden indicated broadcast sowing with untreated Douglas fir seed had been successful. However, spot-sowing on the same sites resulted in unexplainably poorer stocking. Nelson A trial of bareroot versus bullet and styroplug stock, using both Douglas fir and spruce, was established during the fall of 1970 and the summer of 1971 in the Lardeau District. By the fall of 1971 the spruce styroplugs had the highest percentage survival. The Douglas fir was heavily attacked by rabbits in all three plots, with the rabbits apparently preferring the containerized stock over the bareroot stock. A study was initiated into the pattern of cedar and hemlock seed released onto snow. Previous studies have shown at least 75 per cent of the seeds are released onto snow, but lack of access prevented investigation into that aspect of their ecology. The present location at Murphy Creek is accessible throughout the winter. A replication of a 30-provenance trial of lodgepole pine was established at Negro Creek. The provenances represent almost the complete range of pine in the Province. Other replications are in the Prince George District and on Vancouver Island. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 25 Prince George The northern replication of the 30-provenance trial of lodgepole pine was established successfully at Cluculz Lake. A number of provenance planting-stock and container planting trials was reassessed. The Douglas fir provenances planted at Valemount last year suffered high mortality. There was no difference in the height growth of 1 + 1 and 2 + 0 PI stock, but the survival of the transplants was better five years after planting. Re-examination of container planting indicated styroplug stocks had the best survival, followed by bareroot and bullet-planted stock. The survival of spruce was best on a site where shade was provided by salmonberry. Prince Rupert A well-scarified area at Salvus was broadcast seeded with Sitka spruce and preliminary examination of one of the three seeded blocks revealed promising results. A full assessment will be done in 1972 to evaluate the effect of reinvading brush on stocking. FOREST PRODUCTIVITY COMMITTEE A major activity of this committee is the co-ordination of research connected with production of yield tables for stands subjected to specific silvicultural treatments. A working plan has been prepared for the establishment of approximately 200 experimental installations in the Vancouver Forest District. These installations are designed to test growth responses of Douglas fir and western hemlock stands to two thinning intensities and two levels of nitrogen fertilizer application. Combined thinning and fertilizer treatments will also be tested. It is based on experience gained in establishment of two pilot installations in the summer of 1971; one was located in a 60-year Douglas fir mixed stand at the Cowichan Lake Experiment Station, the other in a 28-year Douglas fir plantation in the Sayward Forest. . It is intended that, with industry co-operation, both experimental and operational scale trials will be established. Further information on the programme of the committee is contained in a brochure The Functions and Programme of the Forest Productivity Committee. Local universities and Federal research organizations are being encouraged to participate in the programme—to include establishment of basic research projects designed to complement and (or) explain growth-response information from Forest Service and industry trials. The committee and the UBC Faculty of Forestry have recently entered into agreement involving four research studies on different aspects of forest productivity. These studies will involve research in variable density yield tables, taper-based volume summaries, crown development, and climatic cycles. The Canada Land Inventory, Climatology Division, is planning a network of climate stations for the Vancouver Forest District, and has offered to include sites selected for Forest Service fertilizer/thinning trials in this network. After discussion and co-ordination through the British Columbia Forest Service Climatology Coordinating Committee, a climate-station programme was designed for the Forest Productivity Committee and all other British Columbia Forest Service user divisions. ion division SITKA SPRUCE REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 29 REFORESTATION DIVISION FOREST TREE SEED Flower and seed crops were generally poor in 1971. The Nelson Forest District, which had a complete crop failure in 1970, produced by far the best crop for any area during 1971. This is reflected in the cone collections made and summarized as follows: Cone Collections Made in 1971 (Amount in Bushels) Forest District F s L PI. Total Vancouver 362.5 362.5 _ 1,798.5 262.5 135.0 18.0 1,798.5 1 262.5 ____ ____ 1 ____ 135.0 Nelson 1,966.0 1,359.0 199.5 3,542.5 Totals 2,328.5 1,359.0 199.5 2,214.0 6,101.0 Extraction and cleaning were completed in December, but yields are not yet tabulated. The extraction of the 1970 collections was completed early in 1971 and produced 2,523.315 kilograms of seed. Yields of Seed From 1970 Collections Forest Fir Hemlock Spruce Total District Bushels Kilograms Bushels Kilograms 1 Bushels 1 Kilograms 1 Bushels Kilograms Vancouver 720.0 22.5 231.5 429.0 6.0 138.480 2.060 45.095 88.560 0.825 53.0 1 426.5 109.905 1,146.5 3,807.0 3,475.0 685.0 12.0 248.385 Prince Rupert Prince George 20.135 3,199.0 532.51 3,243.5 256.0 6.0 800.980 82.970 1,168.465 64.660 1.180 906.145 1,213.560 Kamloops 153.220 2.005 Totals 1,409.0 275.020 53.0 20.135 7,663.5 j 2,228.160 1 9,125.5 2,523.315 1 Sitka spruce. In addition, the winter collection of lodgepole pine during 1970/71 totalled 5,713.5 bushels and produced 399.870 kilograms of seed. Summary of Winter 1970/71 Collections of Lodgepole Pine Seed Forest District Bushels Kilograms 1,099.5 2,575.5 1,450.5 588.0 54.715 191.915 107.140 Nelson 46.100 5,713.5 399.870 AA 30 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES A considerable amount of lodgepole pine is being collected during the winter of 1971/72 (estimated at 2,500 bushels) and will be extracted early in 1972. The seed centre at Duncan processed 20,953 bushels of cones. The amount of seed weighed and treated at the Duncan Seed Centre for sowing in 1971 amounted to 1,471.672 kilograms (3,238 lb.). In addition, 1,042 seed tests (209 new, 641 retests, 192 research) were completed. Extra retesting was required to update seed records following recleaning over the gravity table. All Forest Service Douglas fir seed lots were recleaned in 1971 and a total of 50 special requests involving 164 seed lots was processed. A seed-yield study for several British Columbia conifers was also completed. Tree seed in storage at the end of 1971 is equivalent to 193/4 tons. Amount in Kilograms British Columbia Forest Service seed 12,812.745 Company and private seed 3,910.895 16,723.640 At the Campbell River Seed Orchard a total of 1,062 female cones were bagged and 569 full-cross cones were recovered. This poor showing was due to declining vigour caused by overgrowth of the phloem tissue in two clones. In addition, 70 flowers were bagged at the Koksilah clone bank and 59 cones were collected. The seed from these crosses will eventually produce trees for testing and the next phase of the orchard. Routine maintenance was carried out at the Koksilah, Campbell River, and Snowdon Orchards. A pollen flight study was also undertaken at the Koksilah Orchard to determine the amount and pattern of pollen flight from wild trees adjacent to the orchard. Field collection of seed from selected trees for the Dewdney Seed Orchard was continued in 1971. Seed for a total of some 138 selected trees (57 collected in 1970) for this orchard will be sown in 1972. Initial development at the northern seed orchard and access to it was undertaken during the year, and part of the area will receive genetic stock in 1972. There was no major increase in seed-production areas, but considerable improvement was accomplished in two forest districts. Trials with topping and high pruning were initiated on two areas in the Prince George District and S.P.A. G-3 (spruce) near Wansa Lake was expanded by 4 acres. No collections were made from any of the Prince George areas as there was no crop of Douglas fir or spruce in the north. In the Vancouver District, cleaning and pruning was completed on 5 acres of S.P.A. V-5 (Sechelt) and 7,640 pounds of fertilizer were applied to a total of 19 acres which were scheduled for treatment this year. A total of 183 bushels of Douglas fir cones was collected from treated areas, whereas only 164 bushels were collected from an equivalent but untreated area. No data are available on the relative seed yield per bushel from the treated and untreated areas. FOREST NURSERIES Good fallow area preparation plus favourable spring weather led to early seed-bed preparation and sowing at most nurseries in 1971. Subsequent germination and growth were excellent and little difficulty is anticipated in attaining the 70 million trees scheduled for 1973. The total of 939,435 lineal feet (177 miles) of bed sown in 1971 should provide trees for late 1972 and early 1973 planting projects. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 31 2 "3 © ■g o Oh O c c o_p g si tu *£ ^ =4 C *> ° __, g > C O C 5 2 PH W* o c PU o 3 o AA 32 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES There were production setbacks at several nurseries due to such problems as insects, water shortages, and unfavourable weather conditions. The 1972 growing period should overcome these setbacks and, barring serious overwintering losses, the required number of trees should be available for planting. Cold-storage difficulties and growth problems in the spring of 1971 resulted from the mid-September frost in 1970. More damage was sustained than was realized, with the consequence that vegetative buds failed to burst and stock moulded in storage. Forest Service nurseries in 1971 produced 52.8 million trees (including containers), of which.44 million were shipped and 7.8 million were transplanted. The remainder are presently in cold storage. This is an increase in production of 17.3 million over 1970 (49 per cent). The development of a container nursery at Surrey was among the highlights of 1971. The volume of container-grown stock was increased from 750,000 in 1970 to over 7,152,000 in 1971 as a step toward developing the necessary growing techniques, to assess the problems of mass production and transportation, and to replace 1969 sowing losses at Red Rock. Approximately 931,000 containerized seedlings were grown at Duncan and 6,221,000 at Surrey. Over 4,084,000 of these were shipped during the year and the balance is scheduled for shipment in 1972. Pilot container nurseries have been established at Vernon, Teikwa, and Red Rock to test the feasibility of growing container stock under Interior environmental conditions. At the request of the Attorney-General's Department and for reasons of economy, the Rayleigh Nursery was phased out during 1971. In addition, the total inventory of lodgepole pine and larch at this nursery was lost to sulphur fumes resulting from a train derailment that ignited several carloads of sulphur. The pon- derosa pine which survived is not considered to be of plantable quality and its size makes transplanting difficult. Capital development both for new facilities and additional nursery space continues to be an important part of the reforestation expansion programme. Cold- storage facilities have been developed to handle 35 million trees. Implement sheds, water systems, storage buildings, fences, etc., have been constructed as required. At Campbell River, Surrey, and Chilliwack, approximately 75 acres were cleared for seed-bed and transplant space, bringing the total productive space available at all nurseries to 460 acres. Approximately IVi miles of nursery road were constructed, and at Duncan 2 acres were reclaimed and bark-fibre sediment from a hydraulic barker pond at Lake Cowichan is being tested as a peat substitute for organic material. Red Rock rough-cleared an additional 10 acres for temporary transplant space. RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEY WORK Despite demands of the 1971 fire season on field staff, District regeneration survey crews were able to cover considerable ground. This was due, in part, to a system of pre-classification of suspect areas which was employed by the Prince George Forest District. In this method, areas are quickly stratified by means of a minimum number of well-distributed sample plots. Portions that are found to be either well stocked or which are definitely understocked are mapped as such with no further examination. This permits more time examining areas where the degree of restocking is doubtful. Using this system, Prince George District crews were able to study some 38,800 acres, an increase of 8,700 acres over 1970. About 5,000 acres required planting, and of this, 72 per cent will require some form of site preparation. Elsewhere in the Interior, crews examined a total of 58,508 acres, of which 15,819 acres were unsatisfactorily restocked. However, only approximately 17 per REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE. 1971 AA 33 cent of the nonstocked area is unplantable owing to slash, brush, or other impediment. In summarizing the results of these surveys it is evident there has been a gradual reduction in the amount of area requiring treatment before planting. This is thought to be due to the closer utilization and the increase in prescribed burning of the cutovers in the Interior over the past few years. In most cases crews were unable to get much work done on the areas burned by large fires in 1971. In the Vancouver Forest District, survey crews examined 34,566 acres and found 31,892 acres unsatisfactorily stocked. Of this total. 27,301 are suitable for planting and will be scheduled for planting in 1972. The balance of the areas examined are either restocked or considered likely to restock by natural means. In addition to the above areas of current interest, there are many thousands of acres of backlog area which have, over the years, become brushed-in or poorly restocked. Most of these older areas will require considerable work before they are in suitable condition for artificial reforestation, and many of them are presently inaccessible. One such area is the 30,000-acre Van Fire north of Babine Lake and to which the Nilkitwa Forest Road is being constructed. It is expected planting in this burn will commence by 1974. PLANTING Above-average snow-packs, common at higher elevations in the early spring, suggested a late start for tree-planting projects in J 971. However, warm and moist weather during the latter part of March and in early April hastened snow melt so that, despite a week's delay in getting started, crews were able to commence more projects concurrently than was anticipated. The hot, dry weather in late April and early May threatened to shorten the planting season, but spring rains finally arrived, at least in the southern part of the Province, and continued well into July. In the case of most forest districts, nursery overruns provided extra stock, and with the favourable weather planting continued into July in the Interior. These circumstances enabled all agencies to reach a record total of 43,846,000 trees planted on 102,177 acres. Of this total, Forest Service planting on Crown lands amounted to 25,076,200 trees (57.3 per cent of the total) on 53,745 acres (Appendix Table 22). It is significant that Crown land planted in the Interior was more than doubled from the previous year in both number of trees and acres. Not included in the acreage total is 1,151 acres which were replanted after the West Fire burned 2,300 acres of earlier plantation in the Prince George Forest District. Some replanting of burned plantation in the Sue Fire near Golden was also undertaken. During the year, 4,523,000 trees were planted by contractors, and this represented about 18 per cent of the Forest Service programme. The average number of tenders received on each contract increased over 1970, indicating a healthy interest in these projects. Contract prices compared favourably with estimated costs. In the spring some difficulty was experienced on several areas and those contract projects had to be taken over by Forest Service crews. Revisions of tendering and other procedures are expected to prevent a recurrence of such situations. Twenty-four contracts, totalling almost three million trees, have been scheduled for the spring of 1972. As expected, planting by timber sale harvesting licensees increased noticeably during 1971. Five licensees planted a total of 825,400 trees on 1,733 acres. Included in the Crown totals shown above are 2,599,000 trees planted by the Forest Service on older cutovers in timber sale harvesting licences. Also included in the Forest Service totals are some 1,030,000 container seedlings which were fall-planted. This was the first fully operational planting of AA 34 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES container stock in the Interior. An additional 26,000 container seedlings were outplanted in the continuing series of field trials, mainly in the Vancouver District. Interior trials were commenced in the fall and will be continued in spring 1972. Over two million container seedlings are being held in overwinter storage at various Interior points. Various companies also planted minor amounts of container stock in a series of co-operative trials. In connection with the year's planting operations, district crews established 14,006 survival sample plots, and a further 6,552 plots in older plantations were re-examined. The northern districts reported a significant increase in browsing of planted trees by rabbits, and the Fish and Wildlife Branch confirmed that rabbit populations are now at, or are nearing, their cyclical peak, which occurs every seven to nine years. No effort was made to control either the rabbit populations or the damage caused. Survival reports continue to illustrate that good stock, well planted in the best available microsite, can survive normal summer drought CO-OPERATION Co-operative investigations with the Canadian Forestry Service in connection with the container nursery programme was intensified during 1971. This nursery system is still considered experimental, and continued basic research is necessary to determine and confirm optimum container size, mechanization of processes, fertilization schedules, and other facets as well as to deal with the inevitable problems which arise. Volume production will be reduced in 1972. Co-operative research was also continued in the bareroot nurseries where studies were continued on damping-off, root-pruning, and the control of weeds and nursery pests. Of more immediate significance is a series of trials at Surrey to determine the susceptibility of young pine seedlings to the European pine shoot moth and the effect of nursery bed fumigation as a possible control measure. At the request of the Canadian Forestry Service, this Division arranged, through two forest districts, for the collection of seed of alpine species by two foresters from Iceland. Divisional participation in the Reforestation Board continued to provide regular contact with industry and other agencies on the progress of reforestation activities. Current projects concern outplanting of container seedlings and a review of these and other reforestation systems, and studies on browsing repellents. The various forest nurseries again played a dominant role in the co-operative efforts of the Division. Apart from the routine participation in local fairs and other displays, Green Timbers contributed significantly to the Forest Service display at the Pacific National Exhibition. In connection with the Cowichan Valley Forest Museum, the Duncan Nursery staff have undertaken the establishment and maintenance of a 1-acre demonstration nursery and a plantation which will eventually cover 10 acres. The Seed Centre concluded its role in the germination studies being carried out on Abies species by the Western Forest Tree Seed Council. Results of this project are inconclusive. Nursery tours are perhaps the closest contact between the public and the Forest Service and, despite the time spent, the programme is considered worth while. At Red Rock, for instance, 484 people toured the nursery in more than 12 groups, and nursery facilities were often used for district, divisional, and co-operative functions. The reforestation phase of the cedar-hemlock rehabilitation projects at Golden and Enderby was completed with the final seeding at Golden and the re-examination of survival plots at both locations. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 35 Headquarters and Nelson District staff, in co-operation with the Canadian Forestry Association and local industry, presented a reforestation display at "Skog- dag '71" held near Cranbrook this year. In co-operation with the Division, several districts carried out a variety of silvicultural projects utilizing local unemployed persons and students. Vancouver District cleaned 465 acres of plantation, spaced 436 acres of natural second growth, and prepared another 240 acres for planting. Kamloops District, under the supervision of the Regional Research Officer, established a spacing trial in 10-year-old lodgepole pine near Lac Le Jeune. Prince Rupert District crews carried out spacing and sanitation cutting on some 670 acres and completed control of alder on another 200 acres. In all districts, reforestation training of both Forest Service staff and industry was continued. This programme is important because of the regular turnover of technicians and the increasing number of licensees and contractors who are becoming active in reforestation. Those qualified are encouraged to write the respective Technical Forest Officer examinations. The need for substantially more qualified and experienced men in the field to cope with supervisory duties is foreseen. Today's technology is growing and planting trees has become so complex that interdivisional co-operation must continue to be the keynote in not only the long- term programme but also in the day-to-day activities. This permits those doing the job the advantage of the experience, assistance, and advice of those in disciplines other than their own. In the Forest Service, this spirit of co-operation is exceptionally high. INTERDEPARTMENTAL FORESTRY AND CORRECTIONS CAMP PROGRAMME Under the guidance of trained and experienced correctional officers, this programme continues to grow in size and scope in spite of generally static camp populations. One of the most significant advances during the year was the introduction of the Work Release Programme into forestry activities. This programme provides for pre-release inmates to work out on a daily basis without corrections supervision. They receive regular wages for the type of work they do. This year, 10 inmates from the Hutda Lake Camp were hired for a small planting project which was completed satisfactorily and with a high standard of planting. It is hoped this programme can be increased in the future, for the benefit of all concerned. The rehabilitation of Stave Lake in co-operation with the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority commenced in 1971 and promises to become one of the major projects under this programme. A 30-man camp was constructed near the work-site and was occupied in October. Actual recovery of salvable material from the lakeshore got under way early in November. Operations on the clean-up of floating debris on Alouette Lake continued. This material covers about 100 acres, and is held behind a log boom at the north end of the lake. In conjunction with the nursery expansion programme, inmate crews cleared and prepared some 70 acres at several nurseries, and assisted in the preparation of the reservoir-site at Chilliwack. In the production phase, crews lifted almost seven million trees and transplanted 704,000 seedlings. Other crews planted a total of 150,000 trees on 315 acres in various locations, and collected over 1,000 bushels of cones. Hutda Lake Camp provided men for the right-of-way clearing of 5Vi AA 36 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES miles of road into the northern seed orchard-site and prepared 80 acres for outplacing of genetic stock. An additional 320 acres of orchard-site were cleared of brush. Maintenance and improvement of forest roads in all areas continued to occupy much of the crews' time. Routine work consisted of slashing brush, clearing ditches and culverts, repairing bridges, and gravelling. Two bridges, spanning 70 feet and 55 feet, were constructed in the Chilliwack Valley. Fire-suppression crews were organized under Correctional Officers in each camp and were trained by local Ranger staff in the use and maintenance of pumps, chain saws, and other equipment. Due to the moderate fire season within the sphere of this programme, and the availability of other suppression crews, inmates took action on only 11 fires. Crews in the Prince George District, however, felled snags on 973 acres and manned secondary lookouts during short periods of high hazard. During standby periods these men constructed storage for equipment and hose- drying racks. The rehabilitation of brushed-in areas and plantation release and cleaning is a continuing job in almost all areas. Over 150 acres were cleaned up, and thinning and pruning projects in second growth were started toward the year's end. Material salvaged from this work is used for camp fuel. Sawmills operated by inmate crews convert suitable salvage material into lumber for camp buildings, bridges, and wharves. Other material produces shakes, posts, stakes, and other items for project use. Considerable time is also devoted to range-fencing, camp-site maintenance, search and rescue, fabrication of pallets and tent frames, and equipment repair. This work is rarely mentioned but nevertheless is an important part of this co-operative programme. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE. 1971 AA 39 INFORMATION DIVISION Mounting public concern over forest-land uses throughout 1971 resulted in a more concentrated effort by the Forest Service to "tell its side of the story." This, in turn, resulted in clearly defined efforts by the Information Division's over-all public relations programme. The endeavour included special advertisements in more than 100 weekly newspapers and in selected journals. In addition to routine news releases and special articles for press and other publications, the Division also enjoyed expanded co-operation with various television outlets—particularly the CBC, CTV, and Cablevision broadcasting stations of Victoria and Vancouver. The Cable 10-TV. station of Vancouver presented a series of 13 half-hour programmes with the over-all title of "The Prime Resource"—all dealing with personnel and activities of the Service. By year's end, arrangements were also being made for the Cablevision broadcasting station at Campbell River to include a similar series in its early-1972 schedule. Eight special documentary-interview type programmes were carried (mostly live) by the CTV outlet in Vancouver. Several Forest Service publications were revised and updated; and a new brochure entitled Sustained Yield from British Columbia's Forests was widely distributed. The Division also produced the pamphlet Campfire Do's and Don'ts. The sustained yield and "balanced use" themes were incorporated in various public displays and presentations. PHOTOGRAPHY Total production rose in 1971, and again with an increase in the use of colour. Because of limited staff and space, some functions continue to be contracted out. The section produced 17,162 prints (2,270 in colour), more than 900 colour slides, and 903 (35-mm.) colour transparencies. Duplication of slides was a major project, with more than 900 copied. Two slide shows, "Sustained Yield in British Columbia" and "Bridging the Nass" were produced, both with synchronized sound commentaries. Ten copies of "Sustained Yield in British Columbia" were distributed throughout the Forest Service. "Bridging the Nass" will be distributed early in 1972. Various projects were covered photographically in the Prince Rupert District. Other major assignments included continued photographic coverage of the Mica clearing project, recreational aspects, Boot Lake clean-up in the Sayward Provincial Forest, and detailed coverage of all aspects of the styroblock-container programme in the Surrey and Duncan Nurseries. MOTION PICTURES Production has been completed for the first in a series of reforestation films entitled "Trees Unlimited," to be released early in 1972. A total of 11,300 feet of 16-mm. colour film was shot on this and other projects. Coverage was again given to the Mica pondage clearing; and film depicting lady planters at Hope, correctional camp inmates working in the Haney district, and suppression crews working on fires in Manning Park was produced for television use. AA 40 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES FOREST SERVICE LIBRARY Shortage of space continues to be a critical problem, with the result library material is now scattered over four separate locations. Some 1,600 additions were made to the library throughout the year. Early in the year, the librarian visited the Training School to explain the benefits of the library to members of an advanced course. FILM LIBRARY Throughout 1971 the Forest Service film library loaned 2,689 films, and they were seen by a combined adult and student audience of 341,320. This compares with 2,134 loans and 301,520 viewers the previous year. A large increase was noted in organizations using our films from outside the Province. Twenty-one films from outside sources were previewed, of which four were purchased. Twelve films were added to the library. DISPLAYS The forest-management cycle was featured in Forest Service displays at the Duncan Boat Show and the Skogdag programme at Cranbrook; while one at the Quesnel Trade Fair had a Centennial theme. There were also service displays at "Career Days" at Cranbrook, Vernon, and Kelowna. At the PNE, the research section was added to the permanent British Columbia Pavilion display to complete the indoor project. The pavilion was visited by approximately 600,000 persons. A totally new display was established in the PNE's Festival of Logging area. Labelled "A Walk in the Forest," it contains some 200 upright, painted cedar timbers, features enlarged colour photographs depicting the principle commercial trees of the Province, and is attractively landscaped with living native trees. The display was visited by more than 33,500 people. EDUCATION Personnel of the Division were guest speakers at 30 meetings of various service clubs, business and school groups, and other organizations. Further assistance was also provided the outdoor classroom and general development at the Cowichan Valley Forest Museum near Duncan. There was also a steady flow of Forest Service information material to teachers, students, and librarians throughout the Province. SIGNS It was a busy year for the development and (or) introduction of various Forest Service signs. Some highlights: Development of new Forest Road signs, some already in use; the redesigning of Ranger Station signs; plans for new recreation signs; production of public sustained-yield unit signs for use along Highway 16 in the Prince George Forest District; reforestation signs produced for plantations adjacent to major highways. FOREST SERVICE MUSEUM Numerous interesting items were donated to the museum; and considerable time was spent rearranging the growing collection of artifacts for easy access. ja^jj ^J?pO<' ~ JL 4 1 aa. -^ S: -7 | 03 5. i> ^^ai ^1>V" "' management division ALPINE FIR REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE. 1971 AA 43 MANAGEMENT DIVISION The pulp industry continued to operate below capacity due to a poor market, but the demand for lumber improved significantly after the first quarter. The improved lumber market made possible a continuing increase in the cut from the Interior of the Province where the scale increased 8.7 per cent over 1970. Production on the Coast continued to decline, falling 1.5 per cent below the scale for 1970. The total scale of all products in 1971, Coast and Interior, was 1,997,081,172 cubic feet, an increase of 3.2 per cent over the 1970 total scale. During the year, close utilization became compulsory for operation in the sustained-yield units included in Pulp Harvesting Area 2 to supply raw material for the expanded pulp-mill under construction in Kamloops. The number of close utilization operations continued to increase throughout the Interior, although chip recovery was less than 100 per cent as a result of a continuing chip-car shortage. By the end of the year it was estimated 72 per cent of the total Provincial cut was at the close-utilization standard. Established licensees in public sustained-yield units continued to opt to place their cutting rights into the new timber sale harvesting licence tenure. At year's end there were 203 timber sale harvesting licences which account for an annual cut of 6,346,050 cunits. The Division was reorganized with the creation of a planning section to include tree-farm licence, recreation, and public sustained-yield unit planning responsibilities of forest management administration. This change was necessary due to increased emphasis being placed on forest planning, and there is an increasing need for frequent contact with representative groups from the public and the other resource departments, both Federal and Provincial. MARKET PRICES AND STUMPAGE TRENDS The stumpage rates payable for Crown timber in the Interior (tied directly to dressed lumber selling prices) increased significantly as a result of the improved market for lumber. However, stumpage rates on the Coast, which are tied to log prices, were depressed due to the poor pulp market. The average price bid for Crown timber was $3.87 per 100 cubic feet, compared with $4.28 in 1970. The average stumpage rates for the years 1965-69, inclusive, were $4.20, $4.25, $3.21, $6.26, and $9.02 respectively per 100 cubic feet. The weighted average price per 100 cubic feet for timber authorized for cutting in the Interior increased from $3.02 in 1970 to $3.75 in 1971, and the comparable average price on the Coast fell from $8.15 to $4.52. The average stumpage price detail shown in Table 62 includes the volume sold at salvage value only rates, plus the volumes included in close-utilization licences and cutting permits at a standard $0.55 per 100 cubic feet. The average stumpage price per 100 cubic feet for all species, excluding close utilization and salvage wood, was $5.04 on the Coast down from $8.87 in 1970 and $5.71 in the Interior, up from $3.98 in 1970. STUMPAGE ADJUSTMENTS Changes in lumber-selling prices resulted in 1,788 downward adjustments and 29,341 upward adjustments in the stumpage rates payable for timber cut on cutting permits and timber sales in the Interior. For timber cut on the Coast there were 4,442 upward adjustments and 2,451 downward adjustments. AA 44 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES As a result of these adjustments, stumpage rates at the end of the year were significantly higher than the yearly average. SUSTAINED-YIELD PROGRAMME Public Sustained-yield Units As indicated by Table 50, the number of public sustained-yield units in the Province remains unchanged at 78, though there were minor adjustments in acreage and cuts as a result of new inventories in some units. Approval was given to distribution of the uncommitted portion of the close- utilization annual allowable cut in a further eight public sustained-yield units, raising the number of units approved for close-utilization commitment to 44. The close-utilization capacity of wood-conversion plants in the Interior continued to expand with the installation of additional close-utilization equipment in existing plants, replacement of some existing plants by new higher capacity-close- utilization mills, and construction of new plywood or veneer plants and close- utilization sawmills to utilize the additional cuts made available by adoption of close utilization. With increasing demand and improved utilization, operations have also been permitted to develop into previously uncommitted areas, providing further wood for plant expansion and construction of new plants. A number of licensees in Coast units have close-utilization harvesting licences, and consideration has been given to distribution of the uncommitted balance of the close-utilization cut in several coastal units. Full distribution has been delayed because few of the conversion plants, other than pulp-mills, are equipped for full close utilization. As a result, the cut commitment in public sustained-yield units has increased from 649 million cubic feet in 1966 to 921 million cubic feet in 1971. Further progress was made in the preparation of plans for management of individual public sustained-yield units and, since these plans are intended to recognize and integrate use of all resources of the forest, other resource departments have co-operated in their preparation. Canada Land Inventory information is also used where it is available. There has also been improved co-operation between resource departments in reviewing development proposals for areas within public sustained- yield units, to ensure they provide adequate protection for other resource values, and field examinations have been arranged as required to determine how proposals fit conditions on the area. Other interdepartmental field examinations were conducted to determine areas suitable for recreational use and to draw up plans for their development. Again in 1971, 13 public sustained-yield units were designated as Provincial Forest Reserves, raising the total to 39. Since five of these units were previously designated as pulp-harvesting forests, the number of remaining pulp-harvesting forests has been reduced from eight to three. Tree-farm Licences In accordance with Order in Council 662, dated March 1, 1968, the Moresby and Bonanza Lake Blocks were included in Tree-farm Licence 2 as of January 1, 1972. During the year, six working plans were submitted and reviewed. The trend toward integrated use has been continued and expanded with policies and procedures being developed for recreation, stream pollution control, wildlife and fishery protection. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 45 The contracting guidelines developed by the Select Standing Committee on Forestry and Fisheries, which were adopted in April 1970, have now been in operation for a complete calendar year. Amendments to approved working plans, in line with the guidelines, have been reviewed and approved for all tree-farm licences, and the "contractor clause" administration appears to be functioning effectively. FOREST RECREATION One forester and one technician were added at each district office to work on integrating recreation into Forest Service administration. Priority activity, now well under way, was to inventory and incorporate recreation data into the management plan of a selected pilot public sustained-yield unit in each district. Revised mapping procedures for this purpose are also being examined. A review of all high-public-use recreation locations was initiated, as an aid to segregating areas of responsibility between the Parks Branch and the Forest Service, and in setting priorities for operational attention. Joint Forest Service/tree farm licensee public recreation pilot projects were completed at two locations in the Nitinat Lake area. At year-end, work was in progress on standard designs for Forest Service recreation facilities, and on tourist map brochures. SILVICULTURE The trend toward large clear-cuts has continued; however, a preliminary review has been made and work is proceeding toward the development of guidelines with respect to size of openings and sequential development. Rehabilitation projects at the Blaeberry River and in the Noisy Creek drainage were completed and the final report, embodying benefit-cost analysis, is being prepared. SCALING Conversion to the firm wood cubic scale was completed by December 31, 1971. Conversion from manual scaling was continued, as illustrated by the number of weigh scales in use. Forest District Number of Weigh Scales by December 31— 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 Vancouver _ 5 8 21 17 4 5 10 27 19 20 4 16 31 20 6 20 37 26 6 20 Prince George — _ 42 33 Nelson 20 | 22 29 55 ] 81 91 111 130 Four per cent of Vancouver's 1971 production was weight-scaled, 55 per cent of Prince Rupert's, 87 per cent of Prince George's, 77 per cent of Kamloops', and 71 per cent of Nelson's. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 49 GRAZING DIVISION GENERAL CONDITIONS Temperatures were generally moderate during the winter of 1970/71. Hay supplies were adequate and stock came out of the winter in reasonable condition. With the exception of the Peace River District, snow-pack was above average in the range area and soil-moisture conditions were good at the commencement of the growing season. However, abnormally low spring temperatures retarded forage growth and turnout of stock had to be considerably delayed on many ranges. Late spring and early summer rains, followed by high midsummer temperatures, resulted in above-average forage production for the year. The summer drought period was severe but short and only a few of the dryer range-sites were adversely affected. Winter weather with heavy snowfall occurred earlier than usual and curtailed late fall grazing. Stock came off range in generally good condition. Hay production was higher than average, but quality variable. Persistent wet weather extending into July resulted in some spoilage of early crops or over-maturity due to delayed harvesting. The quality of some late crops, particularly in the Peace River area, was reduced by early fall rain. However, hay supplies in the range area appear adequate in spite of the early commencement of winter feeding. Although predatory animals were particularly troublesome, total losses of stock to these animals were about average. Toxic plants appeared to take a lower-than- normal toll, due at least in part to eradication programmes and adjustments in stock management initiated by the Division. No serious live-stock disease problems requiring adjustments in range use occurred. Intensive industrial activity disrupted range-use patterns in several areas—a growing problem of serious concern to range-users. A strong market prevailed for all classes of cattle, and prices remained reasonably firm at slightly higher levels than in 1970. The weighted average price received by cattlemen through the British Columbia Livestock Producers' Co-operative Association was $30.87 per hundredweight, compared to $30.17 in 1970, a rise of 70 cents. RANGE AND PASTURE MANAGEMENT The increasing level of associated land uses and the continuing diversion of range land to totally incompatible uses require that management of the Crown range be intensified simply to maintain the present level of use by domestic stock and avoid interuse conflict. Achievement of a satisfactory level of management is rendered difficult by high labour and material costs, and because there are many small undercapitalized ranch units involved. In many cases off-ranch employment is necessary, leaving little time for range-management effort by the operator. Nevertheless, during the year, a number of progressive adjustments were made in periods of use, stock-distribution patterns, and grazing intensities. Rotational grazing was introduced to several additional range units. A start was made toward regulating use of Crown lands by horses in the northern areas of the Province. Efforts toward satisfactory integration of range-land uses were intensified. Division officers participated in field inspections and management planning sessions with other resource-management agencies and user groups. Local committees representing resource-management agencies are helping to co-ordinate such activities. In many situations, existing knowledge of intereffects is inadequate to ensure most effective use integration. To help correct this situation, several intensive studies AA 50 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES were commenced. A study of the inter-relationship between mule deer and cattle on a deer winter range on the north side of Kamloops Lake—a co-operative study with the Canada Range Research Station at Kamloops and the Fish and Wildlife Branch. The Division is also working with the Fish and Wildlife Branch and Department of Agriculture in a cattle-wildlife relationship study in the East Kootenay area by the University of British Columbia. This three-year study is in the planning and equipment-testing stage and will involve the first use of biotelemetric techniques in this type of work in the Province. Clear-cut lodgepole pine areas present an opportunity for increased forage production through seeding of domestic grasses and legumes. To determine the compatibility of such seeding and subsequent grazing with coniferous regeneration, 1,100 acres of clear cuts were seeded and will be studied over the next three years in co-operation with the Research and Management Divisions and the Range Research Station. The teaching and promotion of improved range-management techniques to range-user groups through illustrated slide talks, field meetings, and other means was continued. Range Surveys During 1971, field work was undertaken on the following areas: Lemon Lake Unit, Horsefly Stock Range; Naramata Unit, White Lake Stock Range; Roche Lake- Dardanelles area, Nicola and Monte Hills Stock Range; Gustafsen Lake Unit, Clinton Stock Range; South Ashnola area, Keremeos Stock Range. Maps and reports on these areas are being prepared. Maps and reports were completed for the following: Deadman Creek Stock Range; Allenby and Nine Mile Units, Princeton Stock Range; Scarped and High Mountain Units, Lillooet Stock Range; Choelquoit Unit, Chilcotin Stock Range. Maps and reports are nearing completion at the end of the year for: Dog Creek Unit, Clinton Stock Range; Cahoose and Clesspocket Units, Anahim Stock Range. Range and Pasture Improvements Emphasis in the range-improvement programme was placed on the construction of improvements designed to facilitate control and distribution of stock on the range. Intensive pasture-development work was limited to completion of projects already under way and the rebreaking and reseeding of portions of several pastures established several years ago. Assistance to the programme from the Range Improvement Fund amounted to $189,492, and $20,000 was spent on pasture projects in the Peace River area. Range-users contributed substantially to most projects. Structural improvements constructed or replaced included 110 miles of trail and road, 108 miles of fencing, 48 water developments, 16 bridges and culverts, 41 cattle-guards, 11 corrals, two breeding pastures, two horse pastures, one holding ground, and seven enclosures for experimental studies or demonstration purposes. Routine maintenance was carried out on nine buildings, 88 miles of fencing, 54 miles of trail and road, and 10 water developments within the Peace River pastures. Brush-control measures were undertaken on 4,286 acres, of which 256 acres were treated by mechanical methods and 4,030 acres by prescribed burns, mainly in the Peace River area. Within pasture projects, 1,545 acres were cultivated for seeding. A total of 70,335 pounds of grass and legume seed was sown on ground denuded as a result of wildfire, logging, or other industrial activity and on cultivated sites. Seed was applied from the air to 10,500 acres of burned-over or clear-cut REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE. 1971 AA 51 forest land. Aircraft designed for this type of work were used for the first time and were effective. Knapweed is a serious problem on many ranges. Chemical control on a large scale is not economically or physically feasible and biological control appears to be the only practical solution. A total of 92 acres of knapweed was treated chemically. Miscellaneous improvements included removal of abandoned buildings, garbage, and other hazards and control of toxic plants. Beaver and predator-control measures were also undertaken in co-operation with the Fish and Wildlife Branch in several areas where these animals were particularly troublesome. CO-OPERATION Close contact with the industry was maintained through the 63 local Range Livestock Associations currently recognized under the Grazing Act. Association activity remained at a high level and 197 association meetings were attended by Forest Officers. A number of association area boundaries were revised to adjust to changing range use patterns. The B.C. Beef Cattle Growers' Association helped in dealing with a number of matters of industry-wide importance. The association has changed its name to "British Columbia Cattlemen." The British Columbia Livestock Producers' Cooperative Association, the industry's marketing agency, again supplied the selling- price figures necessary for calculating grazing fees under the sliding scale. The cooperative sold approximately 46.8 million pounds of beef animals from the range area during the year. ADMINISTRATION Grazing use of Crown range increased slightly in 1971, reversing the trend of the past two years. This, together with the need for improved integration of land uses, increased the administrative work load. Special problems such as the displacement of ranches by the Libby Reservoir and arranging for various research projects demanded considerable staff time. The need for revised legislation to meet changing demands on the range and conditions in the industry was explored. Grazing and Hay Permits During the year, 1,920 grazing permits were issued authorizing the depasturing of 178,772 cattle, 6,186 horses, and 1,484 sheep on Crown range. The number of permits issued is down slightly from the previous year. The number of cattle is virtually the same, horses up slightly, and sheep continued to decline. (See table 70 in the Appendix.) Expressed in animal-unit months, the equivalent of one mature cow on the range for one month, total use authorized for all classes of stock amounted to 829,337 animal-unit months, 6,895 more than the previous year. A total of 195 hay-cutting permits was issued authorizing the harvesting of 1,968 tons of meadow hay, approximately the same as 1970. Grazing Fees Grazing fees are on a sliding scale related to prices received by the producers the previous year. Except for cultivated pastures in the Peace River area, grazing fees per head per month were 60 cents for cattle, 75 cents for horses, and 15 cents for sheep, a considerable increase over the previous year. The separate scale of AA 52 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES fees for cultivated pastures in the Peace River area remained at the rate of $1 per head per month for cattle, $1.25 for horses, and 25 cents for sheep. The hay-cutting fee remained at $1 per ton. Control and Enforcement Routine measures to control use of Crown range during the year included an increased number of pre-turnout stock counts and range inspections. Although most stock-owners complied with the regulations and permit conditions, it was necessary to seize and detain trespassing stock in 20 cases. In addition, two cases were successfully prosecuted in Court. Trespass by horses, particularly in the Cariboo and Chilcotin areas, continues to be the main problem. DOUGLAS FIR engineering division REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 55 ENGINEERING DIVISION HIGHLIGHTS • The decision to replant the Van Fire area, in the Prince Rupert Forest District, led to survey and design for a road into the area from Nilkitkwa Lake, and by year's end Forest Service crews were mobilizing for construction of the first section, which will include a permanent bridge across the Babine River. • The large volume of debris and wood of marginal economic usability present in reservoir lakes, in rivers, in the sea, and on beaches, has received increasing attention in recent years. Economic studies and proposals for recovery, sorting, utilization, and disposal are continuing, and pilot projects are being carried out. The Forest Service, other Government agencies, and industry are working on these problems. • The Provincial Student Assistance programme made it possible to accomplish a number of tasks which might otherwise have been postponed or left undone. • A member of the Engineering Division was assigned full time to the Joint Coast Appraisals Committee to review coastal stumpage appraisal methods. • The Peace Pondage Waterways Improvement Project won the British Columbia Safety Council Award of Honour for safety in the treatment of 34,000 acres. This work is hazardous and project operations were spread over 150 miles. ENGINEERING SURVEYS Field survey crews completed 192 miles of road location, and surveys of bridge- sites, nurseries, Ranger Stations, lookout-sites, and railroad and highway crossings. District field engineering included development studies of the Fort Nelson and Fontas PSYU's, access-route studies in 31 public sustained-yield units, and 600 miles of road evaluations in tree-farm licences, timber sale harvesting licences, and public sustained-yield units. DESIGN Designs, drawings, and specifications were prepared for two pressure-creosoted timber bridges—one on the Chilako River in the Prince George District and one on the Babine River in the Prince Rupert District. Design of the latter, which will provide access for reforestation, required considerable consultation with Federal and Provincial agencies to ensure no damage to the fishery resources. Other design work included nine preliminary sketches and estimates for bridges, three log bridge designs, and numerous smaller jobs. MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING A study entitled "Log and Debris Salvage in the Strait of Georgia" was completed and submitted to the Select Standing Committee on Fisheries and Forestry of the British Columbia Legislature. Investigations are proceeding on control and disposal of Fraser River debris, loss of logs from log booms, and the amount and utilization of debris and logs on beaches. The 70-mm. fixed-airbase photography programme ended abruptly when the boom and cameras were jettisoned into the Fraser River during an emergency. Replacement is in progress. The road recording equipment was improved and 570 miles of road were "surveyed" in a few days' time. Later, plans and profiles were produced by the Government computer in minutes. AA 56 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES A benefit-cost analysis for reforestation of the Van Fire area in Prince Rupert District was made, and the effect on the forest economy of flood-control dams in the headwaters of the Fraser River is under study. CONSTRUCTION A major bridge of wood and steel construction was built across the Nass River near Meziadin Lake to provide access for administration and protection of the forests to the north. The larger road projects included construction of 16.7 miles of the Bull River Forest Road, a start on upgrading 21 miles of the Hartley-Sulphur-Quinn Creek Forest Road, and continued construction on the Kootenay Lake East Forest Road. General maintenance of the forest road system was carried out by crews under district supervision. RESERVOIR IMPROVEMENTS Clearing work on Williston Lake included the treatment of a further 10,600 acres and the burning of debris trapped in areas of drawdown in the Lower Parsnip region. A feasibility study for chipping of floating timber on Williston Lake was completed, and a pilot operation for sorting of sawlogs from floating debris was carried out. The waterway-improvement programme on the Mica Reservoir continued with the treatment of 13,300 acres. Site-preparation work on the Canadian portion of the Libby Reservoir continued with an additional 1,290 acres placed under treatment and a further 2,410 acres completed to final specification. BUILDING AND MARINE SERVICES Replacement launches were provided for Babine Lake and several coastal Ranger Districts. A new twin-screw steel tug, with split hull for transportability, was ordered for debris-sorting work on the Peace and Mica pondages, together with two additional steel boomboats. The construction of a new Ranger Office building at Parksville and a Forest Research Laboratory at Saanich were the major building projects of a busy year. Forest Service crews built a replacement Ranger Station at Vanderhoof and started on a new warehouse complex at Nelson. Documents were prepared and contracts awarded for various major and minor projects. Some 40 trailers were purchased, including eight mobile homes and eight seedling refrigerator trailers. Material for five bridges was inspected. Special steel, welding procedures, and connections in a major structure crossing the Nass River required detailed inspection work. Glulam was inspected for the Nelson warehouse, the Vancouver warehouse extension, the Campbell River refrigerator building, the Prince George Ranger Station, and numerous smaller projects. Eight 10,000-gallon tanks for a new tanker base at Kamloops and five drag-chain scarifiers were procured. Breaks occurring in an 8-inch welded main pipe-line serving the Surrey Nursery were investigated. MECHANICAL The vehicle inventory of sedans, crew-carriers, panels, pick-ups, crew buses, dump trucks, and tractor-trailer units increased by 67. Twenty-five vehicles were purchased for the new Cariboo Forest District—five sedans, five carryalls, 10 pick- REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 57 New office building at Forest Ranger Station, Parksville. Bridge over Nass River, completed in 1971, combines creosoted glulam girders and steel-truss members in a unique trussed-girder design. It's the largest bridge built by the Forest Service. A powerful tractor downs logging residual on the Upper Canoe in the Mica Reservoir area. AA 58 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES ups, two crew-cabs, one dump truck, one van truck, and one tractor-trailer. Eight additional crew buses were purchased for the Reforestation Division. Some older heavy-duty trucks were replaced by four tractor-trailer units and five 20-ton low-bed trailers, one of each for the Nelson, Kamloops, Prince George, and Cariboo Districts, the extra trailer going to Prince Rupert District. One used tanker-truck was purchased and converted for fire suppression in the Kamloops District. Five graders and four tractors were replaced, and an additional loader obtained for the Cariboo District. A heavy fire season necessitated the purchase of many fire pumps, chain saws, and allied equipment. The need for snow toboggans is increasing; 19 were purchased to bring the total to 83. Only one all-terrain vehicle was purchased—for the Prince George District. Interest has waned, in view of some past experience, but the search continues for a suitable type. FOREST SERVICE MAINTENANCE DEPOT Maintenance included a new river-front bulkhead, a float and ramp, a ways carriage, and roofing. Underground air-lines, increases in parking and storage area, dredging, and other improvements increased efficiency. Marine work included 32 launch and four jet-boat overhauls, 88 launch and small-boat repairs, and new electronic, navigation, auxiliary, heating, and main propulsion installations. A number of new boats, including several "Deep V" runabouts, were fitted out for service. The depot made or assembled 887 units, including lookout buildings, signs, furniture, crates, radio-repeater buildings, fire-retardant mixers, utility and light- plant trailers. In addition, 18 portable tanker units were produced and 526 new pumps, outboards, chainsaws, and similar units were tested and shipped or stored. Couplings were installed on 384,000 feet of discharge fire hose and 366 pump suction hoses. Maintenance and overhaul were carried out on 846 small units, including pumps, outboards, chainsaws, light plants, and trail-cycles, and on 254 larger units, including light and transport trucks, tractors, graders, trailers, and porta buildings. The transport pool hauled 4,260 tons and towed 90 trailers, travelling 240,000 miles. The warehouse handled 1,170 shipments to and from various projects. COMMUNICATIONS Equipment purchased in 1971 totalled 601 units, of which 178 replaced obsolete equipment for a net inventory increase of 423. Emphasis continued on the portable and mobile fire-equipment programme. Most repeaters in the Province were changed to newly assigned frequencies chosen for their compatibility in multifrequency use. The changes permitted the Prince George system to be divided into three zones capable of interconnection at headquarters, giving increased flexibility at the Ranger District level. At a few sites the new frequencies did create on-site interference problems, but all were resolved by the installation of frequency-selective filters. Twenty-seven base stations and repeaters were completely overhauled and three Ranger District repeaters were installed. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 61 PROTECTION DIVISION WEATHER A cool spring, with wet weather continuing until mid-July, was general through most of the Province. Parts of the north half of the Province experienced a cool but dry spring, during which time a fire hazard developed. Except for the extreme north and the Peace River areas, which continued relatively dry, the remainder of the north had near normal June rains. In early July the weather changed abruptly to hot and dry, causing high to extreme hazard conditions over most of the Province. This situation continued until late August. Cooler wet weather developed in early September and remained until the fire season ended on October 21. Lightning activity was heavier than usual through most of the Province. FIRES Occurrence and Cause There were 2,898 fires during the 1971 season, compared with the 10-year average of 2,374 fires, and considerably lower than the record of 4,003 fires during 1970. Fire problems were intensified with nearly half of them occurring during August. The largest single cause of forest fires was lightning, which accounted for 1,327 fires—46 per cent of the total. The 10-year average percentage for lightning fires is 37 per cent. An estimated 18 per cent of the 1971 fires were started by recreationists and smokers, compared with the 10-year average of nearly 30 per cent; and approximately the same as in 1970. Cost of Fire-fighting Forest Service costs for fire-fighting totalled $10,294,391, and the cost to other parties was $1,291,811. The average cost per fire was $3,552—more than double the 10-year average of $1,456. There were several large and difficult fires to fight and they were the major cause of the increased average cost. Damage The acreage burned during 1971 soared to 868,864 acres, compared to the 10-year average of 227,608 acres. The damage value increased also, but is in line with the area of burn when compared to the 10-year average. FIRE-SUPPRESSION CREWS In the three southern forest districts, 13 suppression crews of 5 to 10 crewmen, plus foreman and cook, and 19 two-man crews were employed at strategic locations. Small initial attack crews were also employed in the Prince George and Prince Rupert Districts. Suppression crews fought 579 fires, and during low-hazard periods they worked on other forestry projects. AA 62 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS. AND WATER RESOURCES PROVINCIAL STUDENT EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMME This programme, instituted for the first time, was a complete success. A total of 560 students was employed throughout the forest districts and by the Victoria divisions during the summer. Their performance was good and numerous outstanding projects were completed which could not otherwise have been undertaken. The student crews proved particularly valuable for initial attack action on forest fires. In addition, they were employed on such diversified activities as tree-planting, timber-cruising, regeneration surveys, juvenile youth growth-spacing projects, developing back-country recreational camp-sites, etc. Female students provided valuable assistance in clerical work at ranger and district headquarters. AIRCRAFT Aircraft of all types were used extensively during the fire season. The service rendered in detection, initial attack, and supply contributed significantly to the efficient suppression of many fires. Six light aircraft were operated under contract for fire detection in the Prince Rupert, Prince George, and Kamloops Forest Districts, and were supplemented with locally hired aircraft as required for short-term use. Three contract aircraft were provided for general flying to the three southern districts. In the two northern districts local aircraft were hired as required. Helicopters were extensively used on fire-control work—the three-place piston engine and light turbine types continued to fill the majority of needs. One helicopter was provided under contract to the Vancouver District for the fire season, while in the remainder of the Province there were sufficient machines to allow local hire. Three Cansos, eight Avengers, and three A-26 air-tankers were provided under contract, plus six bird-dog aircraft. The tankers were used mainly on initial attack and took action on 18 per cent of all fires. Five additional air-tankers were supplied by contractors during emergencies. MUTUAL AID, DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE In mid-August, the fire situation necessitated the use of four-wheel-drive transportation. To alleviate the problem, the Department of National Defence provided 12 units, eight of them four-wheel-drives, and four six-wheel-drives, plus 24 drivers and two noncommissioned officers for a two-week period. ROADS AND TRAILS The road and trail construction programme progressed with emphasis on the rehabilitation and maintenance of access roads to reforestation projects and the protection of immature forests. SLASH DISPOSAL Successful slash-burning was carried out throughout the Province by industrial operatoss and the Forest Service. In the Vancouver District, two prescribed burns, totalling 398 acres, were completed by the Forest Service. No spring burning took place. In August, burning commenced in the northern sections of the district and along the west coast of Vancouver Island. Those areas along the south end and east coast of Vancouver Island and the easterly section of the Fraser Valley experienced drought conditions up to the commencement of the fall rains, which resulted in reduced burning being carried REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 63 out in these areas. Slash reports covered 67,646 acres of logged-over lands, of which 22,661 acres were exempted from burning. A total of 44,514 acres was burned successfully by industrial operations. In the Kamloops District, two large companies made a concerted effort to reduce the backlog of unburned logging slash with excellent results. A total of 19,714 acres of logging slash was instructed for burning, of which a total of 18,890 acres was burned successfully. The Forest Service burned 756 acres of logging slash. The Prince Rupert District completed excellent burns, and the total acreage of logging slash abated was much higher than expected due to weather conditions throughout the district. No spring burning was undertaken. The Forest Service burned 1,549 acres, while industrial operations accounted for 20,532 acres. Slash reports covered 41,783 acres of completed logging, of which 30,770 acres were instructed to burn and 11,013 acres were exempted. The Prince George District carried out a limited amount of spring burning. Severe drying in August prevented late summer burning and only a short period of favourable weather occurred during September. As a result, satisfactory slash disposal was carried out on 13,200 acres by industrial operations and 1,430 acres by the Forest Service. In the Nelson District a total of 25,230 acres was instructed to be burned, of which 17,812 acres were burned satisfactorily by industrial operations. The Forest Service burned 822 acres. SNAG DISPOSAL In the Vancouver District, snags on 2,999 acres were felled—863 acres under contract and 2,136 by Forest Service crews. In the Prince George District, snags on 857 acres were felled by inmates of the minimum security camp of the Attorney-General's Department. FIRE-LAW ENFORCEMENT Charges were laid for 58 violations of the Forest Act. Thirty-one involved burning without a permit, 16 for refusing to render assistance in fire-fighting, seven for contravening forest-use restriction orders, and the remainder for other offences. FOREST-USE RESTRICTIONS Several industrial forest-use restrictions were imposed during the season and only lasted a short time during extreme high hazardous periods. Details of the restrictions follow: , Forest-use Closures, 1971 Area Forest District Type of Closure Date Implemented Date Terminated Vancouver Prince Rupert Prince Rupert Vancouver Restricted industrial Restricted industrial July 27 July 27 July 27 Aug. 10 Zones 1, 5, 6, 8 - , Zones 2, 3. 4, 7 Entire district Restricted industrial Aug. 161 Aug. 20^ 1 Zones 2-8. '■ Zones 1,9, 10. AA 64 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS. AND WATER RESOURCES Suspension of Campfire Permits Area Forest District Date Implemented Date Terminated July 27 July 27 Aug. 6 Aug. 10 Aug. 12 Aug. 12 Aug. 4 Aug. 2 Nelson : _ Vancouver _ _ Prince George.*. Kamloops... Aug. 31 Aug. 161 West of Rocky Mountains Entire district.- Aug. 20- Aug. 16 Aug. 17 i Zones 2-8. 2 Zones 1, 9, 10. PROTECTION PLANNING AND RESEARCH Fire Statistics Fire data for 1970 were coded, edit checked, and placed on magnetic tape. Data are now available for studies from 1950-70, inclusive. The creation of the new Cariboo Forest District made necessary the re-sort of all data into the now six forest districts, and this work is in progress. Six computer programmes were run to satisfy a variety of requests, but the main emphasis was on the Provincial detection analysis. Work continued on the Provincial Fire Atlas to update the base maps and overlays to the 2-mile scale for the 1940-59 decades. Visibility Mapping and Lookout Photography No field work was undertaken in either of these functions, and until the Provincial detection analysis has been completed these activities will be limited. Fuel-moisture Indicator Sticks Fuel-moisture sticks were preassembled in Victoria, then transported to the Western Forest Products Laboratory in Vancouver for final trimming. Of the 1,210 sets distributed, 56.4 per cent went to industry, 42.6 per cent to the Forest Service, and 1 per cent to the Canada Forestry Service. Production of 1,500 sticks for 1972 started before the end of the year. Insect, Disease, and Pesticide Administration Liaison with other Provincial Government departments, Federal agencies, and joint Government/industry committees was actively maintained on forest insect problems. Pesticide applicator courses were arranged through the Department of Agriculture of all forest district and division personnel involved in pesticide use. Forest Service membership on the Government Pesticide Committee continued, and all plans for chemical treatment by both the service and the forest industry were reviewed. In addition, all plans by other users which could affect the forest environment now automatically come under Forest Service attention. Research Projects Major project completions during 1971: Handbooks—One handbook in the Forest Protection Handbook series was completed and distributed, Handbook for Lookoutmen, No. 6. Pulp c/..'/«^Investigations proved that pulp-chip accumulations along certain sections of railways are increasing rapidly, constitute a hazard, and sig- REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 65 nificantly increase the problem of fire extinguishment. Car covers appear the only solution. Fire-fighting foam — Various foam and foam generators were investigated. They do not have practical forest application at this time. Propane-fire camp stoves—A standard Forest Service model was developed and a supply distributed to all forest districts. The unit is single burner, 24 inches by 24 inches by 13 inches, 20,000 B.t.u., weighs 40 pounds, and costs $47 to construct, using penitentiary labour. Pre-cooked frozen fire meals—A satisfactory product was tested from a United States source. However, the 17^-per-cent duty charges and the recent Government ruling against food purchase outside the Province leaves no alternative but to wait for Canadian company interest. Fire tool-box for utility trailers—A compartmented plywood box that fits the standard utility trailer for basic initial attack items was developed on suggestions by field staff. Danger-index calculator—Eighty calculators were developed and distributed to field staff at those stations not receiving indices on the computer programme. The original working model was submitted by the Prince George office. Major projects active but not finalized during 1971: Detection—The Vancouver Forest District portion of the Provincial detection analysis is reaching final stages and accounted for the bulk of staff time during the year. Liaison with the Forest Fire Research Institute in Ottawa continued on this project. Wheeled skidder attachments—In co-operation with the Kamloops District and the Maintenance Depot, skidder attachments were developed, prototype tested, and final design established. The unit will consist of a universal frame adaptable to all types of skidders with tanker unit and equipment carrier attachments. Units will be supplied to all districts in 1972. Mobile kitchen—A prototype mobile fire camp kitchen was designed and one unit was built by a commercial producer. The prototype is designed to feed 125 men, is propane-fired, has its own water-pressure system, light plant, refrigerator, and air-conditioner. Final modifications are completed and units will be supplied to all districts in 1972. Air-ground audio system—A prototype was developed and tested. It has loud hailer, hooter, and siren capabilities with 100-watt output. Units will be supplied for all bird-dog aircraft in 1972. Wet water agents—Comprehensive tests were carried out on 10 wetting agents to determine the best products for Forest Service use. Infra-red detection—Two airborne units of different make were tested on fires during the summer. Results were inconclusive and further testing will be carried out in 1972. Ranger pre-organization charts—Pre-organization books were reanalyzed with all districts and a new, standardized format determined. These will be made available in 1972. Analysis of the campftre permit system—A modified permit system was introduced in 1971. Analysis of the results is under way to determine whether or not a permit system is still valid and, if not, what approach should be taken. AA 66 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Handbook—The preparation of a handbook plus pocket field book on Water and Pump Use is under way. Fire-data tables—The preparation of the fire-data tables for district use from 1950 to date has been delayed by the creation of the Cariboo District. The re-sort of data is under way. Retardants—Comparative operational tests between Gelgard and Tenogum were delayed because of the phenol content in the latter product. When this was eventually cleared, the air-tankers had been diverted to Alberta. Testing will be programmed for 1972. Service and Co-operation The districts were supplied with 576 two-man, two-day emergency fire-ration packs, bulk purchased and packaged for distribution in the spring. Ten Planning and Research Reports, covering a variety of protection projects, were published and distributed to field staff and outside protection agencies. Considerable numbers of the "handbook" series were requested by libraries and agencies in Canada and many foreign countries. Co-operation continued with the Canada Forestry Service and the Atmospheric Environmental Service on the Provincial fire weather network and the danger rating system. Two student weather technicians were rehired for the summer months to assist the field staff in instrument calibration and problems with the index system. A meeting was held with, and a brief submitted to, the cross-Canada Meteorological Task Force reviewing forest meteorological requirements. Liaison with other agencies included representation on various subcommittees of the National Research Council. A duplicate tape of the fire data was supplied to the University of British Columbia and computer-oriented studies should be forthcoming from this source in the future. Meetings were held in all forest districts to determine up-to-date priority needs in protection to direct the research efforts. SITKA SPRUCE REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 69 TRAINING SCHOOL Twenty-four men enrolled in the second term of the 16th advanced course (69 days) and they graduated on April 8, 1971. Subjects included scaling, measurements, fire suppression, forest management, navigation, sales and appraisals, public speaking, public information, engineering, fish and game, personnel, and safety. The school's 11th basic course (69 days), with 24 students, commenced on September 9 and ended December 17. Studies included mathematics, surveying, fire-fighting, photogrammetry, forest management, reforestation, silviculture, mapping, and the maintenance and operation of mechanical equipment. Since 1946, 243 men have graduated from the school's basic course; and 343 from the advanced training classes. EXTRA COURSES AND FUNCTIONS The school provided facilities and some instruction for a course held May 4 to 16 for 78 Inventory Division fieldmen; and introductory courses for new graduates from technical and professional institutions were held for the first time. A professional group of 21 men took the course between May 17 and 21, and a technical class of 29 attended from May 31 to June 4. Training programmes and defensive-driving courses were conducted for personnel of various forest districts and divisions; and 1,700 elementary school students attended two weeks of outdoor classroom lectures presented by the Canadian Forestry Association. The Forest Act reading course was updated and distributed to districts and divisions. At the peak of the fire season, two instructors assisted the field staff—one at Kamloops, the other at Nelson. CONSTRUCTION An air-conditioning unit was installed in the administration building, and a sidewalk will soon link the school's parking-lot and dormitory building. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 73 ACCOUNTING DIVISION FISCAL The conditions affecting Forest Service financial return improved significantly during 1971—not apparent in the comparative revenue tables in the Appendix to this Report but reflected in the comparative totals of amounts charged against operators (see Table 142). The trend to recovery from the drastic decline experienced in 1970 did not develop until the latter half of the year, when the benefit of higher market prices began to be felt. Total collections did not match those of 1970, but monthly totals from August to December recorded steadily increasing gains. In spite of the added problems faced by the industry stemming from the world currency crisis, the total scale of all forest products increased by 3.3 per cent. Prospects for 1972 appeared hopeful, but economic conditions were still unsettled and numerous labour contracts were due to expire during the year. The total of amounts charged against logging operations was $67,669,895 (see Table 142), an increase of 8.6 per cent over 1970. Only the Vancouver Forest District recorded a reduction, 5.3 per cent. Kamloops District led the increases with a substantial 42.2 per cent, followed by Prince George with 20.7 per cent, Nelson with 15.8 per cent, and Prince Rupert with 2.7 per cent. Direct forest revenue collected in 1971 was less than that of 1970, dropping by 6.2 per cent to $60,890,218 (see Table 141). The major category (timber sale stumpage) declined 7.1 per cent to $49,680,565. The associated timber sale rentals and fees were also down by 11 per cent, but timber sale cruising and advertising showed a minor increase. Timber royalties, the second major revenue source, continued downward, losing 10.6 per cent for a total of $5,553,861. Timber licence rentals and fees and timber berth rentals and fees both decreased, by 4.1 per cent and 8.2 per cent respectively, as the elimination of logged areas from these old tenures progressed. Timber lease rentals and fees were practically unchanged, recording an increase of less than 1 per cent. Grazing permits and fees again increased, this time by 7.2 per cent to $469,636. These fees are subject to adjustment annually on a formula related to market prices being received for stock. Forest-protection tax at $1,123,517 was up 11.6 percent, probably due to a change of billing method in May on timber sale harvesting licences to an annual allowable cut basis. Tax on these tenures had formerly been collected by an acreage charge. Miscellaneous collections continued to increase the total of $735,683—9.9 per cent higher than 1970 collections. Recovery of fire-fighting costs incurred during yet another record fire season was a factor. Weight-scaling costs rose sharply by 31.7 per cent to $1,514,347 as additional facilities were installed. These costs are fully recoverable from the industry. Financial tables covering operations for the fiscal year 1970/71 are in the Appendix (Tables 143 to 145). Detailed expenditure information is published yearly by the Department of Finance in the Public Accounts. ADMINISTRATION In spite of the market problems for the industry, collections were maintained at a good level during the year. Resort to the application of liens to ensure payment was not unusually frequent and few individual cases were of long duration. AA 74 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES A major problem for both district and headquarters offices was the accounting for a record fire season. It appeared the final total would approximate $11,000,000. The special Government summer programme for the employment of young people ($1,129,992) also contributed to increased volume. In headquarters there was continued growth in the expenditure section due to preparations to cover all employees for unemployment insurance effective January 1, 1972, the increase in reforestation payrolls resulting from the accelerated planting programme as well as the effect of the record fire season. Stumpage adjustments dealt with by the timber sale section increased to 20,775 in 1971 compared to only 12,035 in 1970, reflecting the frequency of price increases of the various species during the latter part of the year. In 1969, the record year, there were 21,636 adjustments. The total of accounts receivable reached a record high of $15,264,606 in December. Conversely, the total number of billings of annual fees' on timber licences and leases and pulp licences and leases was down from 2,960 in 1970 to 2,686 in 1971 as these tenures continued to be eliminated as fully logged. Marine hazards were reduced by collection of 7,058,221 cubic feet of drift logs under the Log Salvage Regulation, an increase of over 1,600,000 cubic feet over 1970. A slightly better market for salvage logs, an increase in returns to permittees, and the efficient operation of the sorting ground operated by Gulf Log Salvage (licensee of the Log Receiving Station) account for the increase. Only one new beach-clearing licence was issued. Located in the Log Salvage District, its purpose is to determine the minimum size and quality of beach logs which can be utilized economically as well as the effect of a continuous operation. By the end of 1971, 64,637 cubic feet were removed from this sale. Production of 283,163 cubic feet from five sales on Queen Charlotte Island beaches meant the total production from beach-clearing sales was down 474,363 cubic feet from the 1970 figure. Former beach-clearing operations, however, reverted to beachcombing and produced 300,332 cubic feet in the Queen Charlotte Islands and 822,909 cubic feet in the Vancouver Forest District, mainly on the West Coast of Vancouver Island. The Division maintains close co-operation with the forest industry's Log Security Committee in its continued efforts to reduce and prevent log losses. Export of logs, down nearly one-half from 1970, continued as a safety valve or outlet for surpluses when log stocks were high. Surpluses of wood chips, accumulating during periods of over-production of pulp in the Province, were also relieved by export control. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE. 1971 AA 77 PERSONNEL DIVISION The most significant organizational decision involving staff changes was the establishment of a sixth forest district with headquarters at Williams Lake. Organization of the new Cariboo District commenced in late 1971 and will continue into 1972. In addition, one District Forester and one Division Head retired, and replacements resulted in several promotions and transfers, carrying into 1972. A classification review of senior clerical and junior administrative positions was completed by the Civil Service Commission, resulting in some upgrading of our staff and some recommendations for downgrading on change of incumbent. The in- service organizational study results were referred to the Civil Service Commission, which made a further review and submitted recommendations, some of which are to be implemented on April 1, 1972. COMMUNICATIONS AND TRAINING There was no regular District Foresters' meeting, but the District Foresters and their assistants from each district visited Victoria headquarters individually to discuss problems with Victoria divisions. Ranger meetings were held at Vancouver and Nelson Districts and local and zone meetings were held in Kamloops, Prince George, and Prince Rupert Forest Districts. Various divisions in Victoria held special meetings with field and district staff to resolve problems and standardize operations. The Personnel Officer and Assistant Personnel Officer took part in vocation day programmes in various secondary schools, as did other Forest Officers throughout the Province. Numbers of seminars and work shops were attended by employees throughout the year. One Forester, one Engineer, one Technical Forest Officer, and the Assistant Personnel Officer were selected for Class XVI of the public administration course under the Executive Development Training Plan, and one Forester and one Forest Protection Officer graduated from Class XIII of this programme, receiving diplomas in public administration from the University of Victoria. Four employees graduated from the correspondence course in public administration and three employees were selected for Class VIII of this course. Informal training continued for junior Foresters and junior Engineers, as did formal training programmes for district field staff. Newly recruited Foresters and Engineers attended the one-week orientation course at the Forest Service Training School, as did newly appointed graduates from technological institutes in the Province. ESTABLISHMENT, RECRUITMENT, AND STAFF TURNOVER The permanent establishment of the Forest Service increased to 953, most of which were for the staff of the new Cariboo Forest District, but of special note was the establishment of a full-time co-ordinator for the Forest Productivity Committee. Also included were 10 new positions which provided one Forester and one Technical Forest Officer for each forest district for duties in recreation and environmental control. During the year, 136 persons received Civil Service appointments and 127 left the Service. Thirty Forest Service employees received certificates for 25 years' continuous service. There were 12 retirements and 37 transfers of permanent staff. Three graduate Foresters and two graduate Engineers left the Service, while 18 graduate Foresters and five graduate Engineers were hired. AA 78 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS. AND WATER RESOURCES Turnover of Civil Service appointed staff, including full-time casual staff, was 7.6 per cent, a further decrease from 9.2 per cent in 1970. Vancouver Scaling, Vancouver District, and Prince Rupert District suffered the greatest disruption with 10.9 per cent, 10.8 per cent, and 10.5 per cent respectively. Prince George District was next with 9.5 per cent, followed by Nelson District at 7.6 per cent, Victoria Headquarters at 5.24 per cent, and Kamloops District being lowest at 3.6 per cent. Professional staff turnover at 1.9 per cent was significantly below the 1970 figure of 5.7 per cent. Technical staff turnover at 4.1 per cent was not too much improved over the 1970 figure of 4.8 per cent, as was the clerical staff turnover at 14.9 per cent for 1971, compared with 15.7 per cent for 1970. A total of 2,045 written applications for employment was processed by the Personnel Office in addition to those handled by district and divisional staff. This figure is almost double that for the previous year. Promotional examinations for Draughtsmen were held by the Civil Service Commission and a number of our employees participated. Oral examinations were held at panel interviews to fill 46 positions. The Personnel Officer and Assistant Personnel Officer participated in filling 136 other positions, and 377 candidates wrote the Technical Forest Officer 1 examination for appointment as Assistant Ranger, in which 182 candidates qualified to fill 39 vacancies. Sixty-six candidates wrote the Technical Forest Officer 2 examination, of which 31 were successful and three candidates wrote and qualified on the Technical Forest Officer 3 examination. Twenty-four employees completed the advance course at the Forest Service Training School and 24 others completed a basic training course at the same establishment. Classification reviews were requested for 39 positions. By the end of the year, 22 had been approved and the balance were still under consideration. Nine employees were registered as Professional Foresters. Working conditions in general remained unchanged, but the Civil Service Commission is conducting a study on the relative isolation of headquarters throughout the Province to decide if it would be more realistic to provide some method of isolation pay rather than the present special living allowance for northern areas. There were 660 accidental injuries suffered by employees, of whom 242 were temporary fire-fighters. Of the 418 for the regular and seasonal staff, 156 resulted in time-loss over one day and 262 required medical aid only. Our time-loss frequency was 23.2 accidents per million man-hours worked, as compared with 20.5 for 1970. Time-loss accidents for regular staff were 37.3 per cent of the total accidents for this group, as compared with 40.2 per cent for 1970. Fifteen British Columbia Safety Council awards of merit were earned by various groups in the Service, which included six silver, eight bronze, and one silver on gold award. Since no district or division won a silver award or better, we were not qualified (for the first time) for the Prime Minister's Safety Award. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 79 PERSONNEL DIRECTORY, 1971 (As of December 31) VICTORIA HEADQUARTERS J. S. Stokes --------- Deputy Minister of Forests L. F. Swannell Chief Forester I. T. Cameron ------- Assistant Chief Forester i/c Operations N. A. McRae ------- Assistant Chief Forester i/c Services Staff Division Heads: C. Cooper ----------- Forest Counsel W. V. Hicks --------- Departmental Comptroller Operations Branch Division Heads: W. C. Phillips ------- Forester i/c Protection Division W. G. Hughes ------- Forester i/c Management Division W. E. L. Young -------- Forester i/c Inventory Division W. C. Pendray -------- Director, Grazing Division Services Branch Division Heads: E. W. Robinson ------- Forester i/c Reforestation Division G. C. Warrack -------- Forester i/c Research Division E. H. Lyons Forester i/c Information Division L. W. W. Lehrle Forester i/c Forest Service Training School P. J. J. Hemphill ------- Engineer i/c Engineering Division A. E. McKeever ---------- Personnel Officer FOREST DISTRICTS Vancouver Forest District H.M. Pogue - J. A. K. Reid - District Forester Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: W. G. Howard (Cultus Lake), E. J. McArthur (Hope), J. T. Schmidt (Harrison Lake), J. N. Nelson (Mission), M. H. Mudge (Port Moody), M. N. Neighbor (Squamish), R. S. Wilson (Sechelt), K. A. Northrup (Pender Harbour), S. B. Hollinshead (Powell River), V. J. Doerksen (Lund), G. Stefanac (Campbell River North), W. C. Archer (Sayward), R. A. Campbell (Port McNeill North), R. D. Moss (Port McNeill), A. J. Teindl (Port Hardy), T. Brooks (Campbell River), H. Norbirg (Parksville), S. J. Sykes (Duncan), R. W. Thomas (Lake Cowichan), K. Haley (Port Alberni), G. F. Hawkey (Tofino), D. E. Gill (Pemberton), D. E. deHart (Gold River). Prince George Forest District W. Young W. G. Bishop - District Forester Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: G. W. Graham (McBride), W. E. Hall (Valemount), M. A. McRae (Prince George East), G. E. Meents (Prince George North), L. G. Espenant (Fort St. lames), G. M. York (Quesnel), H. T. Barbour (Dawson Creek), J. L. Younghusband (Aleza Lake), H. Osborne (Vanderhoof), V. G. Bate (Fort St. John), P. F. Griffiths (Fort Fraser), D. A. Amonson (Summit Lake), H. L. Miskovich (Fort Nelson), G. E. Magee (Prince George), D. F. Wallin (Hixon), J. E. Little (Quesnel), K. Rohn (Quesnel), L. McQueen (Chetwynd), E. W. Hewitt (Mackenzie). AA 80 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Kamloops Forest District A. H. Dixon - District Forester L. B. B. Boulton - • - - - - - - - - Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: H. V. Hopkins (Lumby), M. E. Monteith (Birch Island). D. J. Wittner (Barriere), J. P. Weinard (Kamloops), V. D. Craig (Chase), R. C. Jackson (Salmon Arm), G. G. Jones (Sicamous), J. Wanderer (Lillooet), A. G. Cameron (Vernon), R. W. McDaniel (Penticton), F. M. Baker (Princeton), A. P. Petty (Clinton), J. G. Ward (Williams Lake), E. A. Bouchard (Alexis Creek), F. Pearce (Kelowna), J. D. Noble (Ashcroft), R. K. Berard (Merritt), D. Reiter (Blue River), I. M. Loomer (Enderby), W. R. Perry (100 Mile North), T. A. Walker (Tatla Lake), J. F. Lynn (Horsefly), R. W. Donnelly (100 Mile South). Prince Rupert Forest District (Vacant) ------------ District Forester W. F. Tuttle (Acting District Forester) - Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: F. L. Roe (Queen Charlotte City), O. D. Parsey (Prince Rupert), T. Harvie (Terrace), N. P. Gilgan (Kitwanga), H. W. Quast (Hazelton), A. R. Pement (Smithers), R. H. Weinard (Houston), D. B. Doerksen (Burns Lake), D. J. Neal (Bella Coola), W. H. Jones (South- bank), (vacant) (Lower Post), W. C. Waldron (Kitimat), M. F. Wilkinson (Stewart). Nelson Forest District J. R. Johnston District Forester M. G. Isenor Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: L. G. Taft (Invermere), J. L. Humphrey (Fernie), S. E. Anderson (Golden). J. B. Gierl (Cranbrook East), A. I. Ross (Creston), G. B. Allin (Kaslo), G. L. Benwell (Lardeau), R. E. Robinson (Nelson), C. C. Jupp (New Denver), J. H. Raven (Nakusp), H. R. Wood (Castlegar), P. F. Russell (Grand Forks), W. R. Anderson (Kettle Valley), G. M. Cartwright (Canal Flats), W. G. Benwell (Mica Creek), R. G. Treneman (Fauquier), G. F. Dodd (Elko), G. R. Webster (Spillimacheen), L. O. Hamann (Cranbrook West), H. B. Thompson (Beaverdell), C. N. Bellmond (Salmo), H. D. Hamilton (Revelstoke). APPENDIX TARULATED DETAILED STATEMENTS TO SUPPLE- MENT THE REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE. 1971 AA 83 CONTENTS RESEARCH DIVISION Tabie Page No. 11. Status of Research Projects in 1971 85 12. Research Publications. 1971 , 85 REFORESTATION DIVISION 22. Summary of Planting, 1962-71 86 MANAGEMENT DIVISION 47. Summary of Basic Data for Tree-farm Licences (Private Sustained-yield Units) . 8 7 48. Summary of Basic Data for Certified Tree-farms (Private Sustained-yield Units over Crown-granted Lands) 87 49. Summary of Basic Data for Farm Wood-lot Licences (Private Sustained- yield Units) 88 50. Summary of Basic Data for Public Sustained-yield Units 88 51. Total Amount of Timber Scale Billed in British Columbia During the Years 1970 and 1971 in Cubic Feet ........ 88 52. Species Cut, All Products, 1971, in Cubic Feet 89 53. Total Scale of All Products Billed in 1971 in Cubic Feet (Segregated by Land Status and Forest Districts) 89 54. Timber Scale Billed in British Columbia During 1971 (by Months and Forest Districts) 90 55. Number of Acres Operating Under Approved Annual Allowable Cuts. 1962-71 91 56. Total Scale of All Products From Areas Operated Under Approval An nual Allowable Cuts. 1962-71 92 57. Logging Inspections, 1971 93 58. Trespasses, 1971 94 59. Areas Cruised for Timber Sales, 1971 95 60. Timber Sale Licence Record, 1971 95 61. Timber Sales and Cutting Permits (Timber Sale Harvesting Licences) Awarded by Forest Districts, 1971 96 62. Average Stumpage Prices, by Species and Forest Districts, on Cutting Per mits of Timber Sale Harvesting Licences and Timber Sales Issued During 1971, per Cunit Log Scale 97 63. Average Stumpage Prices Received, by Species and Forest Districts, on Timber Scaled on Tree-farm Licence Cutting Permits During 1971 98 64. Timber Cut and Billed From Timber Sales and Timber Sale Harvesting Licences, 1971 99 65. Wood-processing plants of the Province, 1971 100 66. Export of Logs (in Cubic Feet), 1971 _.._ 101 67. Shipments of Poles and Other Minor Forest Products, 1971 101 68. Timber Marks Issued. 1962-71 102 AA 84 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES GRAZING DIVISION 70. Grazing Permits Issued, 1971 102 PROTECTION DIVISION 102. Fire Occurrences by Months, 1971 103 103. Number and Causes of Forest Fires, 1971 103 104. Number and Causes of Forest Fires for the Last 10 Years 103 105. Fires Classified by Size and Damage, 1971 104 106. Damage to Property Other Than Forests, 1971 105 107. Damage to Forest Cover Caused by Forest Fires, 1971—Parts I and II 105 and 106 108. Fire Causes, Area Burned, Forest Service Cost, and Total Damage, 1971 107 109. Comparison of Damage Caused by Forest Fires in the Last 10 Years 108 110. Fires Classified by Forest District and Cost per Fire of Fire-fighting, 1971 109 111. Areas of Logging Slash Disposed, 1971 110 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 85 STATUS OF RESEARCH PROJECTS IN 1971 Active at beginning of year... 96 Terminated 2 New projects 10 Active at end of year 104 Research Projects by Districts Subject Vancouver Prince Rupert Prince George Kamloops Nelson 1 4 2 7 17 3 3 n 9 2 1 1 4 3 3 4 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 Natural regeneration Choice and trial of species 1 1 Direct-seeding Planting Spacing , _ 3 1 2 1 51 17 13 12 11 RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS, 1971 Fraser, A. R., and van den Driessche, Pauline (1970): Triangles, Densities, and Pattern in Point Populations. Paper submitted to 3rd Conference of Advisory Group of Forest Statisticians, 13 pp. Orr-Ewino, A. L. (1970): Racial Crossing with Douglas-fir. Pp. 129-130 in papers presented 2nd Meeting Working Group on Quantitative Genetics, Sect. 22, I.U.F.R.O., Raleigh, N. Carolina, 1969. Publ.: Southern For. Expt. Stat., New Orleans, Louisiana. Schmidt, R. L., and Marshall, J. R. (1970): Micrometeorology and Reforestation. Western Forestry and Conservation Association. Proceedings of Western Reforestation Coordinating Committee, pp. 47-51. van den Driessche, R. (1970): Influence of light intensity and photoperiod on frost-hardiness development in Douglas-fir seedlings. Can. Jour. Bot. 48 (12) :2129—2134. ■ —- (1971): Growth of one-year-old Douglas fir plants at four spacings. Ann. Bot. 35 (139):117-126. (1971): Response of conifer seedlings to nitrate and ammonium sources of nitrogen. Plant and Soil 34:421^139. Connor, D. J., and Tunstall, B. R. (1971): Photosynthetic response of Brigalow to irradiance, temperature and water potential. Photosynthetica 5 (3) :210-217. Connor, D. J., Tunstall, B. R., and van den Driessche, R. (1971): An analysis of photo- synthetic response in a Brigalow forest. Photosynthetica 5(3) :218-225. AA 86 REPORT OF LANDS. FORESTS. AND WATER RESOURCES o z p z < cu U. o >■ < s p c/5 CU ir SC cr vC in Tf f 1 oc r r- sC l— r» 3 ■o r- Ov rt ov r 'OC COOi-iC>*0^'»-Ciii*, Jo- — f — i/- **; ■* ^ r- vc Tf vc l*"* O rj ri ov w~< O Tf —_ ri —_ — — o- | ~ < \£ oc I/V C riin*Tf r-' vc vo x: In so r-^ ri vd ir. t— oo tt ri tS oc* , cT rf rt" sC ^ •* •«* tt o c (N — i-O1 f rr r VC i OC — es ! 0 M | 1 H .5 c r — ri r" r-i c— r- r- — Tf Tf — r O en vq (*". q ri r- o 3; oo o — Tf Tr _ cn — 0\ iri C iri O so c^- — r: io. r\ —! vd ci -^ rf" — ov r- ; C — o cu ES cu = ri f, oc rr m <n r- o in Tt OC r| sCOvo — OvOv.", O oc ■ r~ f. [Tf 00 v. to o — « ov r VO vC «/". — m O u-, Os f, rr, O Os C- :t~l X, PS, t: o vC f C oc t vd >r ri <*• Ov fi-| vC r- cc n''. cn ts ri ri ^~ Tf ' o IM c CI — Tf >a * Tf H r i „ C fi vc oc oni vo vC ft en Tf ir O- r- n r- Tf r-i oc — ft f. 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Tf w-i ri r- >— u-r oo* 1/1 ,—* c G X o^ 1/1 ._. c. r-i >_1 rS B W5 .s| C f r_ q ^ _- — — q c- ri vo — rf C ri c oo — ri Tt o\ r O q ov rn cn so OS tN Tf i— O — as c\ f. ri w-i ri ft tn oc Os Tf 00 VI ri sd O "■ m wi r- r^ oc o r- Tf O — '-oc0iinS3'Wix If. •o p- i° 2 sC r r- r- oxr — — IN p- r- Tj n q u-i r-^ r. r- ^- i/-, -vi k-, oc fi ^ o 1> Tj- C Tf r*. c — fN — O- V r-* wi ri i— ri i-h *-J cn — ,r. fi oc cn Tf r- ri V i cd 1 cd ■o "° -' « j_ ~ o k, ■ ra o ii s CT CU -3 £ ■2 1 11 ^£ "° .2 > 3 "m S : s ca 0 -c P o > H ! a o " " >. u ^ "° _> "~ 3 ! 3 EC Z c 9 oc r- V-C f Tt (V C > i S 3 oc r- SC <ri tj [ o ^2 ^2 r- r- sC sC so sc v£ SO vC so V r- t—• so vO sO v£ vC vO sC sO 1* —« — o O" tT t» o O1 0" o- O1 o- i o ov a a o- o 0> -7 a °^ Jr < < REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 87 SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR TREE-FARM LICENCES (PRIVATE (47) SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS) Forest District Number of Tree-farm Licences Productive Area (Acres) Schedule B Schedule A Total Total Area (Acres) Allowable Cut (Cunits) Vancouver Prince Rupert - Prince George . Kamloops-— Nelson — Totals 171 51 2 7 5 34 2,671.025 3,512,794 471,576 726,253 1,293,553 "8^675^207 1.050,640 167.853 2,404 1.841 47,833 1,270,57 f 3.721,665 3,680.647 473,980 728,094 1.341.386 6.596,522 10,977,349 532.992 | 776.982 I 3,348,458 | 4.048.610 1,630,00!! 184,000 199,310 512,050 9,945,772 232,303 | 6,573,970 I 1 Two tree-farm licences located in both districts. Schedule B is vacant Crown land. Schedule A is land for which the tree-farm licence holder has cutting rights other than those conveyed by the tree-farm licence agreement. This may include lands held in fee-simple or temporary tenures, e.g.. timber leases, licences, and berths. Following removal of the mature timber, lands held under temporary tenure are transferred to Schedule B. SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR CERTIFIED TREE-FARMS (PRIVATE (4S) SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS OVER CROWN-GRANTED LANDS) Within Tree-farm Licences Number of Tree- farms Productive Area (Acres) Total Area (Acres) Estimated Produc Forest District Mature Immature N.S.R. and N.C.C. Total tive Capacity (Cunits) Vancouver- - 14 2 70,530 ! 219,417 188 | 1,002 1,499 | 4,719 35,396 31 3,389 325.343 1.221 9,607 364.666 1,280 10.158 330.115 458 4,312 Totals - 17 71.217 1 225.138 38,816 336,171 376,104 334,885 Not Included Within Tree-farm Licences 22 11 108,354 91.997 303,243 183,318 42.857 | 108,770 j 454,454 384,085 483,790 532.319 379,126 94.296 (346.096) Totals - 33 200,351 486,561 151,627 | 838,539 1,016.109 473,422 (346.096) 50 272,568 711,699 190,443 | 1,174,710 1,392,213 808.307 (346.096) Figures in parentheses ( ) are Christmas trees. AA REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES SUMMARY OF BASIC DAT.4. FOR FARM WOOD-LOT LICENCES (49) (PRIVATE SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS) Forest District Number of Farm Wood-lot Licences Productive Area (Acres) Crown Total Area (Acres) Allowable Annual Cut (Cunits) Vancouver Prince Rupert.. Prince George - Kamloops Nelson Totals- 13 5 18 4 5 1,961 1,570 4,399 1,115 1,457 258 235 555 146 827 2,219 1,805 4,954 1,261 2,284 45 | 10,502 2,021 12,523 3.086 3,261 5,360 1,420 2,434 15,561 796 332 1.365 260 300 3,053 <S0) SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR PUBLIC SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS Number of Units Productive Area (Acres) Total Area (Including Nonforest) (Acres) Close Utilization Allowable Annual Cut (Cunits) Forest District Mature Immature Total Productive (Includes N.S.R. and N.C.C.) Vancouver- Prince Rupert (Coast). Prince Rupert (Interior) 6 4 7 23 24 14 3,270,979 4,327,545 5,750,543 14,942,5343 9,738,543 2,779,447 1,553,463 324,254 3,154,641 13,566,5513 10,604,428-4 4,972,013 5,282,630 4,720,399 9,297,931 30,463,5903 21,356,513^ 8,577,603 10,403,812 11,616,283 14,272,760 43,147,3903 28,280,909* 14,287,482 2,866,2401 2,540,6101 2,544,5002 6,649,510 = Kamloops Nelson — 4,070,5302 2,168,7802 Totals— - - 78 40,809,591 34,175,350 79,698,666 122,008,636 20,840,170 1 Close Utilization Allowable Annual Cut (Cunits) 9.1"+d.b.h. 2 Close Utilization Allowable Annual Cut (Cunits) 7.1"+d.b.h. 3 Area of 23 units plus Prince George part of Chilko PSYU. * Area of 24 units, including Kamloops part of Chilko PSYU. TOTAL AMOUNT OF TIMBER SCALE BILLED IN BRITISH COLUMBIA (Sl) DURING THE YEARS 1970 AND 1971 IN CUBIC FEET Forest District 10-year Average, 1962-71 1970 1971 Increase Decrease Net Increase 1 779,737,517 | 841,763,523 129,810,297 | 176,445,647 826,157,819 176,739,025 15,605,704 293,378 909,547,814 | 1,018,209,170 1,002,896,844 15,312,326 86,284,708 | 102,832,928 261,074,263 | 375,152,916 244,784,592 | 262,744,626 154.500.444 I 173.688.797 107,557,355 406,980,880 292,560,757 187,085,336 4,724,427 31,827,964 29,816,131 13,396,539 746,644,007 1,656,191,821 914,419,267 994,184,328 79,765,061 | 1,932,628,437 1,997,081,172 64,452,735 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE. 1971 (52) SPECIES CUT, ALL PRODUCTS, 1971, IN CUBIC FEET AA 89 Forest District Vancouver Prince Rupert (C.)„ Totals, Coast... Prince Rupert (I.) — Prince George Kamloops Nelson Totals, Interior- Grand totals Forest District Fir Cedar Spruce Lodgepole Pine Hemlock Balsam White Pine 178.127.969174.787.836 in.fKQ.7ftn i^^^fid i i 298,949,9361137,797,9191 4,481,819 84,403,8781 30,151,474] 3,972 4,703,849| 25,209,003| 29,177,966] 303,755 182,831,813] 199,996,839 40,037,746] 427,119 Totals, Coast— - 383,353,814] 167,949,393| 4,485,791 3.314] 6,339,392| 28,521,5781 25,613,086 25,102,173] 2,024,943|228,274,378]122,134,915 116,630,612] 12,674,427] 78.806,383| 46,036,613 17,551,947| 24,921,460| 70.138,041 18,290,205 159,288,046] 45,960,222[405,740,380]212,074,819 29,097,205] 16,055,400 462,149] 26,723,115 8,006,795] 20,315,881 18,900,368| 24,190,270 Prince George Kamloops Nelson - 45.541 1,932,167 3,279,879 Totals, Interior 56,466,517] 87,294,666| 5,257,587 342,119,864(245,957,061 [445,778,126 212,501.938 1 1 439,820,331 ]255,244,059] 9,743,378 1 1 Yellow Pine Cypress Larch 12,298] 15,634,658). -| 628,0831„ Hardwood Cottonwood 907,742 19,186 12,298| 16,262,741] 926,928 -I- a|- ..|.. -l -| 2,505] 4,906,2931 151 3,074,827] 502,814 [ -. j 8,852,587| ~5^409~i07 j 15 j"Tl7929,919f 6,152 2,014,262 128,102 16,790 2,165,306 5,421,405| 16,262,756| 11,929,919] I I I 3,092,234 2,639,703 2,054,439 Unspecified Total 1,834,795] 83,420i 826,157,819 176,739,025 4,694,142 j 1,918,215 [ 1,002,896,844 T;885T82T| 25,407| 107,557,355 196,899] | 406,980,880 48,6421 __ ] 292,560,757 440,975 -. — 187,085,336 2,572,337| 25,407| 994,184,328 7,266,4791 1.943,62211,997,081,172 I (53) TOTAL SCALE OF ALL PRODUCTS BILLED IN 1971 IN CUBIC FEET (SEGREGATED BY LAND STATUS AND FOREST DISTRICTS) Land Status Vancouver Prince Rupert (Coast) Prince Rupert (Interior) Prince George Kamloops Nelson Total Timber licences - - Timber berths Timber leases Pulp leases Pulp licences. ~ Farm wood-lots — Timber sales - Tree-farm licences Beachcomb, trespass No mark visible Miscellaneous Subtotals, Crown lands Federal lands- Crown grants— To 1887 1887-1906 1906-1914 1914 to date - Totals - 139,999,085 53,319,504 11,495,864| |__ 17,606,391| | 30,407,330| 5,004,968] 2,674,110 j 8,585,044| 62,249— --I 7,963 202,322,281| 56,173,678| 60,302,327 173,386,326' 36,210,179] 37,761,304 9,634,8521' 2,284,998| 238,588 36,067,472] | 449,088| 47,022] 309,529 2,197,975 624,105,048| 161,625,393] 98,619,711 5,276,387| 1,914^4851 824,704 162,630,9421 .24.275J 12,397,987| 4,802,201] 76,798 2,866,794] 1,249,713| 1,176,779 18,880,661 7,122,958 6,859,363 826,157,819] 176,739,025] 107,557,355 I I 3,214,499 10,643,671 3,910,478 1,683,983 126,146 20,563 22.479 337,221,132 222,220,271 117,950,209 17,317,087] 23,957.298j 39,680,400 I I 1 1 37,650,092] 8,301,784 3,950,040 202,641,541 23,823,518 17,606,391 35,412,298 11,259,154 239,400 996,189,898 328,312,594 12,158,438 36,067,472 50,707,555 394,512,432]268,358,086]167,197,589| 1,714,418.259 61,106] 10,707,137 574,149] 2,056,306] 59,700] 1,810,921 10,023,678 4,971,2091 2,156,944] 3,920,923! 11,097,289] I 1,916,924| 9,018,007] 1,551,784] 7,339,926] 169,603,050 28,451,937 12,576.914 61,323,875 406,980,880^292,560,757:187,085,336] 1,997.081 I I ! 172 AA 90 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES in t- O 2 H XSi H tu Ct. 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S ! 3 o j t <u 1 C 0 a o §■21 Si o CJ 1( 3 i « H : t> J> 3 cu 5'E 2* C 3 "3 f I- .S c p a •5 ' 0 « l_ ■q a 0 =2 aS i 11 C "3 C a £ c -a O D. Ai 0 £ 1- 5 ^J ,2 *3 J! 3 .5 c ■a p a 1 g .a « - "3 O ft 1 fi (M 1 "O 4s ■= o .£ o = > u i- L < - U< O H L < SfaC Ph kJC < U h- 0 < Z l~ t- < H I- u< REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE. 1971 AA 91 3 O CQ < c < 3 Z z < > c a. c < Oi u. C Z 3 O Z a. [/a SJ tu 03 S. Z H< S3 aOT-J U, o tfl u H-1 8< S< E-. 0< P CT sC m. — © en ri CTv r- — — CTv-3vm©©en — CT 3 CTvCNTfOvsOcnoccnCT;CT Tfc«Tfi-^'Tf"cnen"rNTf — r-ooo©CTvTfcn©CTv ct SO CA 00 Cn OC rm mm QS. OS f. ri©r-Tfr-©r-CTvri — CN0O©TfcnCTv©©©© — © cn ov cn oo Ov oo ©r vq ©"©©*--*sor-"inoo—' ~30 TfcnvooocnrNTfinOvCT Ovin, osr-mr~m — r- c ©Tf©oocNCNm>nooen TfcNinr-enrNscmr-r. Os n Q\ Os SO fi n n tn^f, Tf* Tf" Tf en CA CA ri —i ,— rf vOM« v- ifti-'TfOOen — ©cn — ©r-(NCTvCTvTf© OsmCTvo— Tf m Tf m Tf ©rnOv<©"ino"so© © © © CN ~ (N — — i-i>— —iCTv ©©oonr- — ©-"t — CT O-fl-TfinTfinmTfcnr- enenenenencncnenen cn vOcNcneNrN*-,cnr-CT. CT so —'mmmocNO— tn ©r-«nTfi—i os i-« cn en «n m" rf rN Ov* rf Tf so" CTv* f* oc ©r-oc©~- — ©©©<■*. sc©scr-r-c—oocc-oooc — Tfmr-ovTfr»ow.ri ovr-oor-r-oomovmr- '—r-sommosvcm —• r-^ Tfosovocnr— © vo Tf m lor-uovrtcor-o- Tf ©© — r-vOSOr-OOCNCT; r--t~-r~-OOCTvCTvCTvCTv-30v rienTfml©r-ooCTv©~~ ©©©©©©©©r~~r~ OsCTvOsCT'OvOvOvCTvO,On ft Q tu a I u cn 3 5 o 5 a 5 .a *m -a U-l OJ °1 ca .3 1° r~ AA 92 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES 3 cc < O 3 < Z z < c (la o Cu P. < Ct. W a z 3 a tu — 5e'i [jj °v 0- ™ oM- wt <? tu O cc < S o 06 tu co f- U 3 G O 05 CU 3 3 < PC. O < U < H C h O r- © cn cn © p- © „ en tn ©i-.©r~o©TfOv»nr- oc enen«nenoo©T-HfNovTr r^cnTfOvin»n©»noori 00 ««J ©OSTfinOvv— osNO ^ ©cncNcnr-©oooosor^ Hail. 4 OCNen'-H-Hrff-.Tinin© en ©cnovOOsenoooot-en p~ Ov©os>-h©'—' n N rn m Tf ri ^ O © — so Ci OOrJTfov u OO — r^©(N(Nlr>msC ir. X) CU ©0©oor-r4oo»ri(NTf Ph Tf* rn — rf" so rf © Tf* Tf* — 00 cj inOVTfOVTfTf©TfOS — 00 S'S ©— ©Tfovmmoooor- m. §p 3 u r-enr-r-OCTvooorNr- t- eN.en oooTfenocNTfsO in©\ovo©©r-r-ooCT CTv 50-O © ■0*8 3 fti E- or. enmsosor-<--oooc OO I* ooocoor-r-r-t^r-r-r- r- *- -U O u ■mi oo cA so cn so r~- en mi os Ph or-moo©Tfr-©soen p- © m Tf o\ m >— r- cn cn r- o o E r-enen©©ooos©enr- XI r-.vcm — © r- oo Tf m m Tf 3 eNrNr.r.--ienrNrNi-Hr. (N u E$- Cfl r^min'-'r^©enenrNm 00 Ph mmminTfTfTfTfTfTf ^- ■ «■»? oomoocnoO'-Hoo—'son U_Q U 1 .— CTvvOTfr-enosOso — © 312 ©en—« © cn o en oo Tf p-- Tf W w n en©"ini^CTrTffor*Tfoo* en* in<N(CTOenin1-H'—'Tfoo 00 CO —■rfencNr.TfTfcncn CN u H « ii cn cu cu S3 ii CNcn©©ooOenTf©en en •—incNP-Ovenr-TfmvO © £ mP-r-oop-OsrnOO'n Ov Cfl rf r^ —■ CTv" **" — rjC ©* — o Tf 3. Zo ft mi « ©CTvTfo\f~~oor- Ov £ g in©mmTfinTf^enen ''-J- U P- Est so so 00 CA C- n ©TfcnCTv © 5 K ©Tf.TfinTfinw^Tfmr- m %D mcnenencncnrnenenri m oo©r-r-oo©oo 00©en--HvOOOOO ooop-p-ci©in©© _ sO Efl oommr-ooooTf©CTvso r^OTfoomor-TffTf CTv § o 00 3 ©cn»n*nOeninvoencq Tf cfl 3 inenTfoTineninr-^co — rn 4) H u cncnencnTfTfvomenTf Tf rimoo—'ni-1 — onen OS ririricncnenencnenen <N ui Ovasen-"*~Hr.ooos-H© 8 cu CU osenor-nr-Tfencnr- in sq^ ■rf cn Tf r- — in Tf f\ <u 00 c Ph r^n\AcAenso"soencAr~- ftcncosorAoosooscnao Tf ti OO ©©ooOsqcnTfocN^t. r- 1-1 ' io r"in*o*Tf"m oT in os Tf © — E i-i cfl 5 cn©int— ©Tf—iCTvOvri m cnencnenTfTfinTfTfin Tf CU CU is asOSCTv©00so©mTfTf P- Im 3 Si cncnenTfencnencnenen m H z-° r CI © « CT cy >> CU* 36 a CU > a Cfl >v c cu h Ps c Tj m sC r- oc CT C VC vC sC © © © v£ © r- r* CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT Os O cd ■"•Id g o .a a 11 Ih w 1> -fl ia <u V cfl Jj Mi W aC bSh (57) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 LOGGING INSPECTIONS, 1971 AA 93 Type of Tenure Operated Number of Inspections Made Forest District Timber Sale Licences Cutting Permits (Tree-farm Licences, Farm Wood-lot Licences, and Timber Sale Harvesting Licences) Leases. Licences, Crown Grants, and Other Tenures Total Timber Sale Licences and Cutting Permits Other Tenures Total Vancouver- Prince Rupert... 814 177 657 309 292 207 490 .118 1,679 608 2,531 2,785 992 3,678 2,880 2,577 5,795 2,319 1,803 2,312 2,016 1,642 2.630 1,437 5,192 4,593 7,437 4,949 3 240 Prince George „ Kamloops Nelson ?nfi ■?m I 1 nio I 1 dS7 Totals, 1971..- 2,163 j 1.609 6.602 , 10.374 15,374 10,037 25,411 Totals, 1970 2,881 | 1.272 | 6,230 | 10,383 16,080 10,112 26,192 Totals, 1969 3,511 876 | 7,358 11,745 17,518 8,682 26,200 Totals, 1968 4,719 C1) | 7,758 12,477 17,480 10,092 27,572 Totals, 1967 5,118 (!) | 7,431 12,549 17,663 9,488 27,151 Totals, 1966 5,566 C1) | 6,174 11,740 18,593 9,576 28,169 Totals, 1965 6,231 t1) | 6,514 12,745 17,869 6,365 24,234 Totals, 1964 6,557 C1) | 6,560 13,117 17,789 13,311 31,100 Totals, 1963 6,926 C> | 7,168 14,094 18,021 7,189 25,210 Totals, 1962 7,079 C1) | 6,645 13,724 18,602 6,353 24,955 Ten-year average, 1961-71 5,075 6,844 12,295 17,499 9,121 26,620 1 Figures not available prior to 1969. AA 94 REPORT OF LANDS. FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Xn U oo (*> < 0. tn W PS h *. Tf P- © en m. \f. — m _. | © 1 ll- | in. | in. 1 Tf S S CC © rm, yz C, r 00 | Tf **. ri oc m, i ct | Tf : r- | Tf m. £ = © ©" 00 © CTv — 00 Tf 0C (Tf ct' © |r^ ©' ;©' ci ct t— en © en m © 1© en ri en m, : ct cn ' Tf j r— tfl 0 «0 Wi- in. en Tf © O ! 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Tf ri CTv CN © cn Tf m O r- © CU CU ctv — ' ri_ en ©, fN © rn in <N Tf 00 rN SS, rip-' '©*©*' en © Tf Ov Tf en ©* ©' 00* Ci Ci cs tn © CTv cn en l— Tf 0) r- r © Tf as SO OO in oo «n OO Ov r- m- CA n Ov in i— CN o OV fc f-_ Tf Tf © Tf © OO CT. 0\ o\ r- en en © — CTv © ri m, ,-tf \ft •n (— in Tf m cn in Tf Tf co r- P- — en 1© Ov tN © oo oo CTv CA OO P» o •fl en ov cn CT ri oc © t- © t» o © O ri U m © Tf e*T (N Tf Tf en* Tf Tf Tf a_. CT, . la a. oo m p- oc oc © >n in CT Tf r- oc © en Are; Cut Ove Acre — © ri Tf p- en Tf CTv (N ri <N 00 © sC Tf Tf m, m, © SO vn in fN p- CT in Tf r~~ <N © ri en fN ri « rf Tf tN* en Tf en -— , *. E°SJ z,-.u © m r. ri p- o Os OC <3s © Tf © Tf © r- © oo © en CN CT r» rn cn © Tf CN n en tn tn en ^- Tf Tf Tf tj r- 1 • a. r Q sC CT ts rm CU — o ovoor^©inTfcn(N ti on 0 r-p-©©©©©©©© Urn CTvCTvCTvCTvCTvCTvCTvOsosCTv 2 -2 S £ A £ £ £ £ £ S CU U TSScvlc-inJcgcUc-Irtrttj o , ooooooooo^ u 3 a* 2 c O cu cu O (J ti O — cent c 0 u H C3 "l '£ cc] cu > mm XX Z (59) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AREAS CRUISED FOR TIMBER SALES, 1971 AA 95 Forest District Number Cruised Acreage Saw- timber (Cunits) Pit-props, Poles, and Piles (Lin. Ft., Shingle- bolts and Cordwood (Cords) Car Stakes, Posts, Shakes. Etc. (No.) Vancouver Prince Rupert _ _ Prince George Kamloops .„ Nelson .„. Totals, 1971 ._. Totals, 1970 Totals, 1969 Totals, 1968 Totals, 1967 ._ - Totals, 1966- Totals, 1965 _ Totals, 1964 Totals, 1963 Totals, 1962 Ten-year average, 1962-71 185 51 76 51 64 1,132 24,448 15,119 28,30. 12.351 32,445 630,060 504,090 489,330 188,500 556,930 427 112,668 | 2,369.910 622 193,737 | 4,687,620 732 233,491 | 4,451,260 890 314,595 | 6,738,850 848 310,325 j 5,498,070 998 361,021 | 6,794,860 1,357 496,254 j 9,519,950 1,709 661,821 111,074,280 1,862 716,699 111,659,760 1,871 615,500 | 9,217,100 401,611 ] 7,201,166 8.CG0 4,103,456 2.700 1.500 100 48.950 9.500 ■ 2.520 51,650 61,400 j 5.277 225,850 15,300 | 13,392 2,910,012 3,269,400 | 6,769 704,950 6,014,850 [ 12,352 319,450 3,674,100 | 25,675 837,244 2,650,400 [ 7,616 987,100 2,944,004 | 25,154 | 478,520 3,887,525 | 32,519 656,680 18,508,084 | 19,340 564,865 15,061 I 773,632 (60) TIMBER SALE LICENCE RECORD, 1971 Forest District Sales Made Sales Closed Total Sales Existing Total Area (Acres) Area Paying Forest- protection Tax (Acres) Vancouver Prince Rupert - Prince George.- Kamloops Nelson 214 41 87 76 63 317 55 254 258 102 Totals Cash sales Total sales.. 481 510 ~99T 986 862 209 402 524 262 288,430 90,538 215,817 271,616 264,257 2,259 1,130,658 263,508 76,962 151,278 232,393 240.987 965,128 AA 96 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES tn (il CJ Z (ii u G g P tn 01 > 06 _ is UJ tn os to «>• tti pa to O uj zn Cc* G z < UJ ►J < tn 06 UJ CQ P 1 3 « C 3 cu — o CT 00 p- en 00 3,870,524.00 21,715,044.74 15,311,207.7m 5,329,981.58 Tf © Tf Ov CTv CT tn. Tf © © 00 ©' Tf' Tf © «n n ri Tf m, oo m p- ©* en m 00 © Tf Tf Tf vq en 90 in r, r- en CT r) ^- rt m 5. 00 ri Tf ri Tf r- en r^ vC CT © en Tf ;c in n* Ov_ m. in © ri 00 © Tf oc CT ri en X t- in © en en r» r- © ri 30 in © © © Tf en 00 ri CT m CT (N r- en m, © jf ir, 5 in Tf ri >C Tf Ov © 35 en ~ in 0v ri r- Sc ct' ri TT CT in, ri CT m, CT oc en CT © ci p* ri ri 5 ©' © Tf CT en m. r, 0v p* ri p- r- CTr Tf r- r- tn No. or Fence Rails and Palings ! tn 35 w"i : ri ri m o a « zo£ ! ri m, ri i — i— ri 5 TT 2 55 30 m*. en C L. 1> 202 Z x o © : ! i © Tf p* in Tf © © © ; en ; >n Tf cn : — ; en CT Tf © © © en p-' 2 00* Tf m © TT s © © P-; cc en in tn ui en Tf CT p^ in CT en © tn, © © r- ©' © CN CTv 00* n Tf en © o CT t— en QC en TT Tf CC CT Os CT* Tf r. fi ft r~ m oc CT © ft 5 cn ©' 00 CT; © >n (N CT en ri Tf © CT © ri oc © CT* m Tf © in © m, oo ©' Tf P- tn Tf © 00 P-* CTv CT r- CTv © ri Tf "S-g 6 o ZO © CTv Tf en r- f r © en oo m m. — f- ci en CT en 5 in 00 in oc ©' Ov O 00 ri ri CT © Ov Tf in, © m ri O aC . -y. O 0 Z°- © O © m, cn o ao o r- o in © r- © iN Tf* rf ct' -* of en r~ Tf I 00 CTv m ri Sp © I — ri | en © © Tf m, in, © © m en c~ O — ri Tf p~ cn Tf i-i ao ri — ri © cn — 'a © |cn o r- 00 00 © p- en cn r— r- vO m Q c, CJaa SO C/l CT m Tf r- O vO © © Ov in r- CT — ©^ m r^ ri ri rN ^ej © — oc eN Tf ©_ -£ Tf T-i vO* cn — m, tn en © m, r- © ho © © """ en Tf* .Ci © CN T m © en oc «n © 0C en © ri CT_ cn n Tf 00 (N tn m Tf CT oo' ri © r. P- © Tf" CT m, in in, OO Tf" 0C cn Tf © © © CT* r- 0\ oo" oc oc ©* s oo ri 00 r^ Cm oc t0 p* CT. © Tf en ■" en oc fS © m CT* © ©'' Tf © 00 rn Tf CT CT 00 ©^ ©' p- Ov m! CTv © OO Tf en Ml M cu u < p» CT Tf m ov © _ Tf r- n ri © —) © ; ov en Tf © ^ rn © I ©_ ©" Tf q\ f ' o* 00* en © x "^ .'*'' en en Tf r, m — CT so en m Os [Os Ov r. — rj — ci of — |Tf (w ex.* 5|1 Zcja. Tf © r- — ri Tf en rt CTv Tf G rt ZM CT r © m, 'J 5 aj < C t c c > c c £ .2 a- 3- mm Z, CT p- CT ■/. OO O O © CT 3 r™ © CT p © CT © CT -n ca in © CT n a p rr © OV / en © CT O H ri © CT. O r- 1 r sC CT t Ol fl Z > n 3 E i— i REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 97 < tn W 06 E uj z 0- 3 ou Zt. C uj H^ D_- U r- os Z~ oo H 5 Ha (KG Efl Q 5g k£ u S cfl QCfl 7-06 < UJ ca uj 2 oP Sg <*>Z CO cfl aUj cfl CJ tJ (JJ < S a. H 5 ■ 5 Cfl UJ > os < uj ac 0 < Ct. w > < . _, -1- -v — U 4> C.- y — ct r- en co — oo © ri en oc p- p- © cj —.^ "C 30 3 •* i i i i i 1 ^ u C C a,3 f^,Ci mm — ri CI ft. =U P- SO in. m. in. m. in. m. g c* © ri cu Pi O O ™ Tf © en p- m c : r- — in ri — CT en - en CI — — — M n XT, if_ r~~ ©' Tf c en r- 00 n ft. ^o < PU ~w 1.1 OC © © OC © - > = a^ in c— en — o © m, p- © Tf — ci © in — s c >w Tf — Tf Tf (N P- >^ r-, m o o Tf( Tf "" — r- ^j cn — Tf J_ ooooo-: - s . cu CT o oo oo en ri en o a.^ en Tf en Tf — r i cn <U 3.W y n c -§o ^s- in, m in. m m, m. in, m, m. m. m, m. m, u O PC ° cu a BC © ■=5§ en p- © r. ci P aa E t^ O. ": » q ^ r •ass ^i O O CT P- CT CA 00 1> Tf ci — — en r i cn o en ri m n ri I m CJ 5 fl. 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CN Ci £ ri ""go in o <n <n — m m in ^^ © : in, c m en ! in en m ft « O en '- 00 CU C cu PS ri ! : en a, .t. © © — OL •- V a. »^ ■gss yj. ci : f. P- CN Ov Ov 00 cc r- vc 2 a 0. u Tf m 3 g Tf © ! © © C Tf © ; en OS ee E.8 3 a © ! © O © s Os -m ; © CTv OC in r* © p^ © >ai p» ri : — CT r cn : ri oc - >Si O - ! ■/■ *g Un j C/l — *- cu U (3 W U u •3 Q — — Zh £ W 3 3 <U «■ !-oleic ! cn <U "6 tU |(2fl1a §■ 1 O It cu oj O ? = C 3 E £ * ■a Ph O cu cu <U 0 C cj U cj cu -Z C C E C C E _£ < u- < > £ £ ■r « at* (U 7 c3 > ■~ 'd "c re Q. Om fl. tt CU Z AA 98 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Ov 00 © O © CU © — CT oc ri © oc cn oo Tf cn <U & — CT ri r- Tf © CT cj a.ri m, r- m ri Tf Tf ^ CU E u 5X> 3 m 1 1 1 1 1 1 y cu e H ot 3 W 1 1 1 1 1 CI ^Icj m, ni m © © f ft. 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CT rt Tf r- Tf CT 00 m in >^ r~; r- — ci en cn Cfl 06 © m, O © O — ^ — Tf ! © © © CU © p- m en © a, © O0 © © © UI cu B*J CTv m P- oo — —■ o a- © — © ri ri CQ y <u c f/3- T rr .a sj b «■ *7 i — S P z o cj o u OC 3 PC 1 1 1 1 1 m, Tf tn, © O m oo m, oo © © in aj a. -X 3 PC 1 1 m m, in in © 1 1 CT 00 1 m m *- CN © p- en © in ft a- Tf Tf ; cn — 0 1 •~ cu £ Tf .— CN CN CN Tt cu •E .afe'S t- Q. 3 n 00 Tf Tf" ri CTv Cfl i- f. a> X cuaC cu " © en cn m © r- O a " cn © : — n ri u ~ E~ cn © oo cn © Tf — Tf £ E.= Tf Tf m oo 0V Tf p- *-■ **i 82 3 E en © CN © © 3 C Ov* CT* Tf Tf © © 00 ^ l§ en ri r- S-Z >H **• en 25 ~ Q3 CTv © O O © '© © © © u rt © Tf C~ Tf :© CU © m in t-Q to ft — in av ri ri — CT « &.^ Tf" r^ r" y a>'£ .a <u e 06 C u OC 3 *** 1 1 1 1 1 m ri m, © © in m m, © cn, 1 f) m i- OC 3 »>S3CJ 7 7 © o — p» i © oi d — — PC 1-4 —* P--, ps u. g z <o ti CJ 3 p- r- © — CTv © cj w : : : oc © C ^ CT; en © m, © — eg 'J h'c w> © CT O c Cfl iso oo" en Tf cn Tf Tf mm - -— cu ZZ © m VO CU O eN fN — in — — W "!T ! en cn m ^2 UJ H 6.§ en p- © m ctv oo © ao Tf o\ m £.= Tf Tf Tf 00 00 CN 3 C OO* CTv' Tf* P-* —* ri Tf — ctv cn r 3 C ©*-T n G3 So >5i m >ai m© : o © '© a r- i © © © UJ cu oo m CTv m .m CU ' © Tf en cu ft.©- in, v, © 00 cc <u o.« © CN Tf Tf >-o .y cu e U 3C 3 "* i i 1 t 1 .Hoc u 0C 3 ^7 CN CN 1 1 1 CQZ °-i^ in, oc m p- o © 00 o In °-i^ in. © O © 00 in -UJ PS © .- CU PC © —a a u it 3 © . . ~T ft *■* — CT ! ft m a, ^ © m ! r^ rf m .5 fee & ~~. <*1 © © r~ 2> .a fe = <^-*. -0 en — en U S" ft 2 cn — ri fN r .C ? C.3 ri — m, in" UJ < CU WU 5 __ > o. '"CJ ™ "™ £^ «n cn Ov 00 © 30 r- en 3 n — r. p- r~- — in Pd u. E .- 3 C Tf Tf r- en 00 00 P-; Cfl UJ UJ UJ Cj as 15 cn © CT m O .3 ft CT-' ft 2^ Ov CTv © © © rA Tf © © © © <u CU &.- OC © 00 — © m" ri f. t*" p~ r- CU cu ft- Ov © cn m, oo en n oc r- Ctv 00 Ov y cj c v. ai3 ^7 i 7 7 7 7 .y « c C sua w 1 1 1 1 1 1 UJ fl- go in © m, cn, © V "■gcj in Tf in © © in m © f. m o f in, oc cn, © ov a < a. £ Oi © — n A- PS O « w Z2 Tf CTV — Tf m, CU v .ts r\ r~~ oo © © m S M U ^- c m oc 0v cn o — r" ft •SS I. S ^nocicv-M •" 3 £^5 oo — Tf p- m P» tu f.S-5 «-* en r. ri (N D 00 a 0C -3 B. O cu<7; © m, p- oc ci r ^ u — co o m © Tf r- E.~ 3 E r~ en ci o — 3 a. UJ mm rn in OV CT 00 — 00 © Tf O < CT* 00* CT* Tf* © oo r— m vO >2 r- ri © n re >§ — CI — © 06 UJ > „ w < u •r" *j 1> t. ._, u Q U -Jj 11 u 6 l_ on 'C t- ft C .a c7 h ao . : u y 3 « o. ; itiCo ; ■6 (U ncouve nee Ru nee Ge mloops Ison._. •3 frj c Urn O cu <u ^ 5 C C E £ JC' < 0 < c. r r « d >o.ii:^z >o-£^z REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 99 tn UJ U Z UJ U o z (Il > 06 < X UJ a-J < tn 06 ai CQ S p Q Z < CO UJ a-J < on as UJ 09 s p s o as U. Q UJ a-J ►J Q Z < H D U ft. UJ cn S SI «P5 © Tf m C* © ■a © ! CN © 322,740 866,431 1,856,028 1,133,289 553,397 379.893 4,795,873 | 395,119 6,379,921 | 728,183 4,679,585 | 655,827 4,678,254 | 503,049" 4,694,242 [ 739,396 1 <a in iiS a-a WC/a © 00 vo in en Tf" ; : © ! en i : r-*" 2 4,423,122 4,379,241 5,676,051 4,369,011 3,264,427 4.296.938 1 61,829 6,183 8*3:3 tu «© £ps£ 2,441 9,454 | 3,302 | 9,260 5,643 | 88,721 6,210 | 29,840 4,243 | 13,026 1 sl U2 55 8 r< ri Tf i "n is n. .t —, r- f, ■a* a^l CT, aO (— O r- in .r r~ is n -*" PS rn vo" (S : i 1 I | j 11,818 1,182 Christmas Trees © Tf 442,956 446,549 479,284 483,503 458,795 445,423 448,385 483,002 485,637 354,763 452,830 01 0 a. CT. 24,550 4,840 29,609 18,819 89,015 36,720 103,192 172,642 283,712 134,518 t> v. r-a t -* an 1*1 00 O O o t n in t © m o" o* io © o o ft -* is -* vs *rs rs n a> H | | II !i i i i: : i | f-. V. T ! -l IS VS i OV VO (N vo r- ra a-, r- h fl a, n n V. C3 CS aO .3 -* a* -n -~ o Cfl 8 en © oo en Tf oo en (N in fN oo — m r- M s r- .0 o, a. oo t <N at a. —, W. t n o » Is n n' tj- r- p- oo" is* Lineal Feet 28,109 6,666 32,505 p- en © Tf Tf © in fN r- en — m, 1,918,009 3,280,599 3,862,509 6,107,876 8,254,946 5,732,671 5,840,321 7,811,867 7,803,821 5,138,795 6 •6 U ta o ra 00 Ov °i r- o\ m* ! : | ] • 9,699,203 6,250,091 6,416,864 6,083,295 7,705,804 13,198,159 42,643,124 51,131,178 71,557,831 21,864,355 200,323,591 56,168,278 60,208,678 337,213,542 221,980,805 117,622,262 900,425,581 804,857,059 714,384,574 619,335,789 712,773,314 728,521,327 729,684,953 713,287,016 645,464,932 756,225.170 CJ Q Cfl U 0 CI > c (J B a > U i i ; i i i E O z - — CIS 00 [-- VO ■a I-- aO aO ^ VO ^ > cv tv cv o, 1965 1964. 1963 1962 it average, 1962-71 Prince Rupert { Prince Rupert ( Prince George Kamloops .. y^ _!« u, w (n wi -: Ca C. Ca rt |3 3 o o o O O - t- t~ t~ h h Totals Totals Totals Totals Ten-ye A A 100 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES tu o z > o 06 o. UI X H u. O tn H Z < -J a. O z tn UI g o etc a. Q O O a stimated .ght-hour DaUy apacity, MB.F. a p- c^ r) © P- 0\ 00 tr. ri tn CA © p- vo oo m n CA CA n VO 1 n ,vo ov tn 6 i Wat) CJ a] Cfl .O § vflfO ! mm r, ri os r- cn in cn ctv © ctv ~t rm a S 3 o z Q 3 x: Cfl stimated ight-hour DaUy apacity, MB.F. V. — Tf Qy Tf P"* Cn Tf QC 3\ en i-i o p- tn © m os «— Tf cn m © TM Tf © cn ov p*. 00 rt ft Cfl © CN © m, Tf Tf Tf oo 00 (N cn ,-" «" cs" in cn ot o ^ en en cN rn en es oo cn ri rt Ww <-> aa OT u aO e © — — ri © \C ri 5\ N © a\ oo cn cs es — ^ 2 r. ""■ 2 P- ri o en Tf »(N P- rm © ii m 3 m <-n en en en Tf Tf m m in t z S 5. o^ 1 "..Oj §> rt £.2 en ■ Tf r- cn r- ^ (N r* »h © o\ p~ *" fN CN r< CN ri n n n z-s S"- Ep-S © Tf Tf mm f-q — © Os Os t^ ft CA n 3a,5 Zo<5 ■2? s* • 1 (A a E A .5 Estimat Eight-he DaUy Capacil MB.F rm : m © © m vo rm- tn m © en t+ o © >n © f. tJ- © © © en CO CN CN CO © r- oo oo © © n Os O V-H fi P* u Cfl J8 cn en m p- oo os rA o\ cA r- m rm as m <?. g m sO ft SO ft © in © © © m <n w 3 1 .Z tM u Ih ■OH ! | a, CJ cu cc 1 O oo p- © ri © © •— m r- en en fN Tf Tf **" © ov tD S m 5 oo i j fN CN \n mi 1 5& «■* TJlfl V CU u O ri oo © oo *$ © Ir* vo r- en «—i r- fssa © — Tf m fN Tf en cn oo O. 00 © CTv cn n n f-i n a z <s e rt in mated t-hour aUy acity, B.F. in m en P- m m © (S (S p~ ©. «-■ >n os "* 9 cn m © oo oo — r« rn rr fi ca Tf vO m en oo O Tf Tf a^ en en © Tf oo O p* vo oo en <1 **"; 2-^Q aVa, Ww u* oo v—" in in cn •rf en" en cA CN vo P- oo Os OO fi CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA CA fN hi W A — Tf in — © ca Tt cn en Os P- — Tf CN mm © T-I P* TM p- ^r a 3 z rj oo r- © Cn —1 O v-H Tf cn eN i— i— r i © O0 Os CON Ov v—i i-h Tf m © — jiii : ! ! i jiii 1 j i 1 I 1 _J 1 1 ! "> Mij ! ! 1 1 i e^l i v0 „_, : os W .2 ill • aa 0 iii! mm © «. 00 p- © m rf m fN £ M5 t-.r-©©©vovovpvovo 5 0<<>0\0\OsOsOsO\OsOs « (U La o 1hI,hhvm«-ihhh u -/ 'n C/T -A Cfl _tfl Cfl C/1 .A _Cfl iJ *J cu "rtCM*rtrtcTJcT3rarartnj i It; °° CU Im o O O 0 o O O ,0 ,o ,o 8 a 3 S g. ! he-"HhhhhhhH[-h > pso §■ j c 0) cu O C u u o © £ G G C — c cc r r ra u > p. P. * Z a E (66) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 EXPORT OF LOGS (IN CUBIC FEET), 1971 AA 101 Species Grade No. 1 Grade No. 2 Grade No. 3 Ungraded and Lumber Reject Total Exportable! Exported under Permits Fir 20,087 1.653,068 441.319 234.896 290.950 1,677,891 2,318,536 807,806 410,058 1.747,773 6.159.022 4,735,896 721,095 5.078,732 8.918.877 5,778.598 1.776,612 450,348 3.936,357 547.813 901.590 336,528 374,622 477.676 994.734 437.603 69.742 763,093 386.228 790.199 384,567 4.704,110 8,441,201 4.783.864 1.776,612 1.339,009 3,275 183,622 338.048 49,836 946,023 397,237 2,806,712 380,606 Cypress —.. - 3.173,264 547,813 161,585 3.150 560.392 11 1.391 Totals, 1971 2,874,315 | 6,094,192 16,817,090 2,324,425 28,110,022 4,630,425 23,479.597 Totals, 1970 3,222,351 j 7,629,924 30,800,174 8,396,211 50,048,660 13,455.734 36,592.926 Totals, 1969 598,829 j 3,031,347 17,270,817 5,040,281 25,941,274 10,655,349 15,285,925 Totals, 1968 3,619,562 | 4,482,835 20,111,753 2,695,646 30,909,796 16,265,130 14,644,666 Totals, 1967 _ 2,021,374 j 6,886,800 21,499,239 3,495,473 33.902,886 11,418,913 22.483,973 Totals, 1966 1,625,172 ; 4,553,790 14.666,899 2,821,874 23,667,735 7.348.820 16,318,915 Totals, 1965 559,204 ; 1,794,367 5,974,462 1,440,105 9,768,138 6,458.926 3,309,212 Totals, 1964 624,730 | 2,431,755 5,131,602 637,616 8.825,703 4.741,111 4,084.592 Totals, 1963 578,164 ; 2,691,635 10.465,035 1,730,420 15,465,254 8,518,306 6,946,948 Totals, 1962 628,956 | 1,869,241 7,691,944 2,306,588 12,496.729 7,375.840 5.120,889 Ten-year average, 1962-71 1,635,266 1 4.146.589 I 1504790I 3,088,864 23,913,620 9,086,856 14.826,764 1 Export privilege—exported from lands Crown-granted prior to March 13, 1906. -Exported under permit from Crown lands and lands granted after March 12, 1906, under authority of section 97 of the Forest Act. (67) SHIPMENTS OF POLES AND OTHER MINOR FOREST PRODUCTS, 1971 duct Quantity Exported Approximate Value, F.O.B. Where Marketed Forest District and Pro Canada United States Other Countries Vancouver— lin. ft. 4,008,184 90,385 23,420,119 7,621 63,250 22,500 3,515 44,160 228,980 99,923 1,705,447 169,047 129 4.960 12.359,185 746.818 1.418 $ 2,889,554.00 90,385.00 2,797,408.00 167,778.00 64,165.00 1,745.00 68.360.00 397,440.00 183,184.00 79,938.00 257.769.00 42,261.75 1.100.00 S.385.00 202.864.00 617.959.25 485.431.70 8,295.30 793,802 90.385 323.135 30.000 43.065 1,500 3.515 15,760 108.780 5.447 1.122.421 169.047 -> . 129 1,580 1.683.810 140.431 1.418 1 2,942,880 271,502 —pieces lin ft. | 23.096,984 45,921 1 20.185 21.000 Prince Rupert— Prince George— Posts pieces squares .units lin. ft. Shakes and shingles Pulp chips Kamloops— Poles | 28.400 I j 120,200 94.476 j 583.026 l pieces lin. ft. Nelson— cords Palings and pickets ..... i j 3,380 '| 10,675.375 606.387 t - Shakes and shingles pieces Pulp chips units Tntal value. 1971 8.394.023.00 [ . I Total value. 1970 14,677.76 l.tX) : ; AA 102 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (68) TIMBER MARKS ISSUED, 1962-71 1962 ! 1963 I 1965 I 1966 | 1967 1968 1970 I 1971 10-year Average, 1962-71 Old Crown grants Crown grants, 1887— 1906...... Crown grants, 1906- 1914 Section 58, Forest Act Stumpage reservations Pre-emptions Timber berths Indian reserves Section 24, Forest Act. Timber sales Special marks and rights-of-way Pulp leases Pulp licences. Totals Transfers and changes of marks. ! I 300 i 313 | 356 150 j 125 j 148 | I 164 ! 161 ! 164 589 j 608 ! 672 109 ; 141 [ 149 9 ; 13 | 7 12 | 12 I 9 20 ( 18 | 27 ! i 1,991 [ 2.183 ! 2,281 ! I 90 | 97 j 121 5 I I —- 2 1 - i 3,441 | 3,671 [ 3,934 I 809 | 725 802 150 172 649 133 8 14 24 I I I 341 ! 277 j 328 I 130 ! 147 I 173 144 j 679 | 63 3 I 10 | 27 I 20 i 163 680 61 6 4 11 214 1,614 j 1,126 j 1,149 190 805 48 9 1 24 347 1,241 1 153 I 117 95 1 101 3 ! 12 4 [ 5 1 4 1 1 3,248 j 2.676 I 2,812 I 3,273 740 908 ] 593 773 361 [ 220 159 | I 203 | 781 j 48 '3 ! 11 30 | 502 ] 418 1,327 j 1,199 111 \ 540 j 19 | 10 6 I 14: 143 89 197 126 524 j 7 | 4 I 12 ! 384 991 | I 115 | 3.582 I 2.709 j 2,471 554 548 302 137 160 653 78 8 8 21 189 1,510 112 3 (70) GRAZING PERMITS ISSUED, 1971 Forest District Number of Permits Issued Number of Stock Under Permit Cattle Horses Sheep 1,131 377 407 5 141,520 22,174 14,976 102 3,176 768 2,240 2 1,433 12 39 Totals, 1971.. .. - 1,920 178,772 6,186 1,484 Totals, 1970 - 1,9851 178,332 5,651 2 739 Totals, 1-M.O 2,018 180,579 5,545 5,106 2,053 188,183 6,338 7,090 Totals, 19fi7 2,114 188,126 6,837 6,272 Totals, lOfifi 2,244 189,286 6,572 8,970 Tntals, 19fiS 2,218 188,339 6,677 12,509 Totals, 1964 2,104 173,677 6,231 22,478 Totals, 1963 1,951 158,840 5.860 25,366 Totals, 1967. 1,924 146,830 5,007 23,370 1 Corrected figure. (102) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 FIRE OCCURRENCES BY MONTHS, 1971 A A 103 Forest District March April May June July August September October Total Per Cent Vancouver Prince Rupert- Prince George Kamloops 13 7 9 14 37 21 55 62 195 199 46 21 43 28 75 35 94 84 80 199 99 137 22 220 649 314 25 4 9 73 15 2 8 4 341 224 546 1,253 534 11.8 7.7 18.9 43.2 18.4 Totals 13 88 557 202 556 1,342 126 14 2,898 100.0 0.4 3.0 19.2 7.0 19.2 46.3 4.4 0.5 100.0 Ten-year average, 1962-71 21 63 367 387 660 687 165 24 2,374 0.9 2.7 15.5 16.3 27.8 28.9 6.9 1.0 100.0 (103) NUMBER AND CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES, 1971 Forest District „ &c M .5 cu, O SO « £ o a> M » 5 d a. *XW p2 38 29 74 30 7 29 35 15 26 81 69 131 27 55 49 | .5 U a on ■?5o lis ■at - C (A il, « c CD - O * iU o c ■> Da O £ -^aS T3 ti. i. O u.& PCS-ft. S.2 OH ■C.S Ci-J 3 K Si 11 el a-. O aaC-l a>.9 U» Vancouver Prince Rupert Prince George..- Kamloops Nelson - Totals. Per cent Ten-year average 1962-71 Per cent 103 72 256 597 299 13 12 55 42 7 1 6 34 64 1,327 211 175 309 129 45.8 7.3 6.0 10.7 4.5 885 221 165 293 106 105 3.5 119 37.3 : 9.3 i 7.0 [ 12.3 4.5 5.0 3 3 7 17 20 50 1.7 52 2.2 39 | 21 | 54 | 70 | 21 41 35 41 137 49 205 70 7.1 I 2.4 303 10.5 40 280 7.4 1.7 11.8 341 | 224 | 546 11,253 ] 534 11.8 7.7 18.9 43.2 18.4 14 12,898 1100.0 0.5 ! 100.0 37 |2,374 100.0 (104) NUMBER AND CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES FOR THE LAST 10 YEARS Causes 1962 I 1963 I 1964 I i I 1965 I 1966 1 1967 I 1968 I I I I 1969 I 1970 I 1971 1 Total Lightning _ _ Recreational (campers, hunters, fishermen, etc.) _ Railways operating _ - Smokers - ~ Brush-burning (not railway or right- of-way clearing) -.— - Range-burning — Road, power-, telephone-, and pipeline construction Industrial operations (logging, etc.).... Incendiary - — Miscellaneous known causes— Unknown causes Totals. 615 182 41 162 60 62 | I 35 1 109 | 25 | 183 j 62 | 1,144 221 65 220 82 95 24 141 62 250 41 277 144 51 129 66 79 11 81 45 178 59 1,536 | 2,345 | 1,120 1,000 | 374 | 315 I 230 89 | 170 310 ! 281 89 j 193 I I 156 | 149 ] 24 ! 309 j 44 | 14 292 36 958 | 708 I 288 1 131 455 | 121 464 j 179 128 138 89 | 101 | 223 ! 164 93 34 248 126 42 23 348 193 54 14 2,685 [ 1,967 | 3.216 [ 1,647 646 188 238 374 j I 133| 128 I 206 19 313 21 2,318 1,803 302 246 501 146 191 30 255 70 432 27 I 1,327 ] 8,852 211 | 2.212 175 | 1,651 309 I 2,929 "I 129 j 105 | I 50 | 205 ! 70 1 303 i 14 1 1,054 1,193 519 1.758 394 2,801 372 4,003 i 2,898 !23.735 AA 104 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES tu o < < a Q Z < tu N CO a tu tn < y UJ n oc (N 00 as OS C Tf ooo'1$ «Ao n tn SO Tt Tt S^S * 00 9 a 000'1$ PUB Tf m © © Tf n sO Tf SO tn in oo Tf ■n 001$ uaa/ivtaa Q fi mm 00 QS — Tf c , © 001$ •'3Pun mm ci en en f, er. — Tf — Tf ■*. £ <=> **" (N n ssbd siqx ui Os oo r— m — o fi S3JIJ ]E.OJ. JO ,U33 J3-I rm r- r-l © — TJ- fi m 5 «g jdijjsiq ui vO m © tn o ScS sajifi reioj. © m oo i— © JO JU3D J3<I o n oo Tf f— n m in Ctv c~ jsqumjal ^•iirt ® tn rr> t/i SSBD S!<1X "I Tf oo in © m © a SSJIal IBJOX © © Tf r- m © < 2 JO 1U33 J3-I — JOIJJSIQ UI r- >n © tn © san-i ie.ox «tj r~ © r- r* © jo juao jsj H © c~ © r. oo o jsqumN S » 2 oc ssbd siqx u! n cA ft CC Tt O n fi Ih U < S3JI-I IBJOX JO JU3Q J3J n f, C~ OC r- n rm Tf n 8 JDIJJSia "! so © © o\ © o o SSJIaJ JB)OX JO JU33 J3J Os — Os fi Os CA CA CA tn CA r~ r- c?. r. r» 8 ' i m © jsqmnjaj c -^ m Tf m 4 ^ G> n ssbd S!1X m >n m r- oo r- o u SSJIal IBJOX JO JU33 J3J cn ct\ m n oo n mm t~ rm I < JDIJJSia UI r- © © ft © S3JIJ IBJOX JO JU33 J3J •n oo r- in oo © © Tf m m c ■ j5 n ts r- n r~ *. 8 3 Tf Tf jsquinjai n in w. © © (N i-« (N i— en *3 © """ """ 33UIAOJaT UI oo r~ oo n *n © 3 S3JIaI IBJOX JO JU33 J3J <— t— oo en oo o o *— tj- © tn Tf GO Z 5 Tf h n r-i m «N m «i > =. «. """ n » - CJ ! r- u ■c : ct- 5 : od : a | > O l rt u. n « 01 0 h CJ -f1 CJ CU - a o „ Im B. fc, cu i) cu > SCO fc C a> CL» C O O c C G fc % c t "l e > a ft. itf Z REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 105 (106) DAMAGE TO PROPERTY OTHER THAN FORESTS, 1971 Forest District Forest Products Cut, Logs, Lumber, Etc. Buildings Railway, Logging, and Sawmill Equipment Miscellaneous Total Per Cent of Total Vancouver. $ 26,816 24,926 32,770 2,530 27,527 $ 2,500 800 6,250 189,790 18,162 $ 22,854 400 29,729 200 25,500 $ 893 300 61,089 43,114 92,914 S 53,063 26,426 129,838 235,634 164,103 8.7 4.3 21.3 38.7 Nelson „ 27.0 114,569 217,502 78,683 198,310 609,064 100.0 18.8 35.7 12.9 32.6 100.0 Ten-year average, 1962-71 185,583 63,479 145,709 60,983 455,709 40.7 13.9 32.0 13.4 100.0 (107) DAMAGE TO FOREST COVER CAUSED BY FOREST FIRES, 1971—PART I Merchantable Timber Immature Timber Forest District Net Area Killed Total Volume Killed Salvable Volume of Timber Killed Net Stumpage Loss Net Area Killed Present Value Acres 301 18,272 49,393 22,584 30,502 M Cu. Ft. 1,189 56,541 123,265 49,032 109,258 M Cu. Ft. 330 774 18,248 9,127 41,621 1 $ Acres 31.631 1 1.400 $ 59,781 919,356 3,025,047 504,696 2,248,869 8,838 151,148 16,033 35,304 794,050 3,731,259 314,116 1,191,272 Totals 121,052 339,285 70,100 6,729,5991 | 212,723 | 6,090,4781 13.9 100.0 20.7 51.8 24.4 46.9 Ten-year average, 1962-71- 41,502 94,796 30,605 1,870,409 56,553 | 1,509,777 18.2 100.0 32.2 53.5 24.9 ! 43.1 i The dollar value of losses in merchantable and immature timber represents only stumpage loss to the Crown. Actual payroll loss to the Province is 10 times these figures. AA 106 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS. AND WATER RESOURCES 06 < o. tn tu 06 tu f- tn tU 06 O V. aa Q ui tn O < y Oi. tu > o U r- tn (ii 06 o tu O H U O < < c ti OZ er, mj- Tt cr, Ct = © q on Tf W, ct mt © 00 -■ « CTv OC «r^ Tf ov £ t/5- —* © r- ct* Tf Tf* — ct' ™ rt CT rr, m ri © r- CT Q r» oo oc tJ Os Tf — ©' en" CA cn • ct r- r- m r- ro — 00 o H rt £? 3-~ r, m © — © m _ M" oc t» ©^ CT^ © n ~ in in CT r* 00 CT © ■o c rt CTv' Tf" a C "s"'10 © Ci © O >n, oc oc cn oc Tf 0 oc _ .,. n ct f. fi Tf © rt K £ r- m © ri © oo J- tn oc* © vO O 00 y Tf fl m n © < •-! in —oo 5 © © < n rt V M rt s cn Q P- m, c*. © in © in © en © <-*. oo r- Tf m © 3 3C r- in © TJ cfl 0 <u D../5 ,, Tf — © ct ft m m rN ri C 0 2 £ © — r- en — u ©^ oo_ c> <N r. y — ri* ©* ©* oc*" <; © in, — o en CT* r» CT © CT r*« en «n CQ CA cu 00 © tn, — — CT\ CA „_ Tf © eg r<i m, ty* ^^1 CT <= •n © o s CO J .Su 0 § a ..■a r, Tf © r- m m r- in Tf — rt u "J -J" — < Tf fi Tf Tf CO i> en m Os u in, © © oc — © *rt u rt 1 a en m — Tf Tf 6ft ** <= ^ ©. ri Tf r- CT Tf ©' OC © T* © E « So OQ r% Tf ■a CA © Tf 0C Tf © r-i _ in 0 y o ma, x rt x fN Tf 0 Z n i- — CTv m © m ^ 3v © c, v, •n ri OC m ri oc — oo en t"- r~ ^, Tf r~- ri tn, m- © © (N r- ri — — V. © 1 ri E *** a* r~ en —; Tf* ■a « CA n m. CT cu a u o - Tf H a-, Ba°a ,. CTv m — (N © 1> Tt rt S © f*. Tf © m 2i ri em, r- — -if CT r-* © Tf >> y oc* ct* ©' < Tf S ~ 0 O m u rt rt V3 0 Z ■a *a 60S s 2 ^ CJ oc r* vO Tf en Tf CA Os O « 3 ■J PQ < •a T3 i> w CU CO O C v. — rj © oc — ri 00 Tf en ry _ Tf en —• —■ j- m n*i Tf CT Tf y — ctT < ri — Tf Tf rj* m, ►J m T "" i CT (J CU 00 a 2 CU > CU rt o r- ~ r- ^ S S u — cj -p tj •r u C •- u. 1 o s i_ c c — CU -J cu CJ 3 y * h ft- H Oh ^Oc : B C £ C I >£ m. u z REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 107 tu O < < Q < h O H Q Z < tn O U P-l u > 06 (Il tn H CA U Pi o tu Q oi Z ac D m < tu 06 < tn UJ C/i P < y tu , ct f, ri ct ri — en r~ ca ac a- O Tt O t~~ cn f, cn © ri <n n © m X — © © © m oo ri © © tr, cn — r~, r- > ci oc tn r-* oc* © © ©* ©* r * mr-CTxmr-r-. ©rj.— Tf f. Tf CA — VC © m, — CTv i — m CT Tf — m ■ fi ©' CT — r- © ©CT0Cm©TfTfOv'n©CT tr, M^ncnvCC-Ovcx O Tf> © Tf — in m — fi ft rt » « it" c ©* — Tf ao —• — oc r-' r~-ri©ri ct— TfCTTf^Tf sOrf- n ct — en CT — — ©' © — cn © o oc ri ri © -- rt Tf j oo © — oo •— oc en © r- in m i ft r* \© © -rf tn i ; — Tf <n, in ■ r-" rt ©" s z f a', 3. ^ -". O V. O ^ ^~ rt a- r- C rt Q -*". O r- O • frN^^ — a- r, r. - =1, a ~ is JK 5 £ w i % rt ^ o S B i" & ! § 1 . 3 5 5 rt t. B g !IH||8I 2 « o 9 a = a 33 5C2.-- S 3 AA 108 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES tn 06 < (H H tn < -J tn (il oi 06 O tu >- CQ Q u tn P < y LU o < < Q tu O z o tn < 0. S o y -a « VI oc r- © _ (N fl en r- m Tf © CT CTv r^o_ov © 00 © oo S> cn © r** ^c rt r^ Tf c5 t/5- rt* r-* CT* Ho ct m Tf rt ct c ct m m (N* Tf -* Ov fi fl oo Tf m © Ov © 00 © CI Tf © 00 © Tf cc oo rt_ — in © © r^- CT- rf oc* CT* © (^ Tf* ct* fl © c. r- r- © 00 oo cn CT- © >n, ri f* *•" rm en cc r~ t* m — * © m oo r- Ss © © CCT M Tf O Tf d -rf sc <w r-* Tf r* © Tf f fi ^t oc Ci — Tf r- — f* Tf" oo m r- ct © r- r- — © Tf CT n r- o. Ov n r- — ti © — © Ov ri* ©* oo* — 6* ©* cn oC 5^" r- © r- © fl ■<t ©* r-* r- — — » r-t © rt Tf oo © m sOr en en t^- r- © r- OC 00 Tf fN © CTv ncn f. <^r ft tn O* c. m n r- Tf rt © © en in, © tCT — © — 00 in f — © rt r» <N Tf m — Ov (N © CTv fi Tf © © W"V CT* Tf r- — •n rt r~ M >— m- r- ct> V© Tt in t— 00 © f r- rt Ov © oo © tn — m © © 1 O r^ m Tf © tn fi — Tf tn — ir> r»*Tf* — ft m © r— — Ov m rt m, r fl rt in oo ri oo r- r— © fi in © — in oc Tf -- vC sO O rt r-* Tf* c v± Tf* r-*^ CT © © fi •— — >n r-_ in «n © © © r- fl 00 _ n Tf © — O. fl fi 3 CTv — r- tn — 1-* t-* r- fi v* in -- r-" rt »n r^ f, © m r- rj-vf lAHi- in r- n r* * t> fl fi fi CT-_ W Tj;r^ tN © CTv ri © r- f */> oo in Tf Tf © rt fl fl «N m © r— r. CT in © in m — r- t- Tf © Tf rt in ©_ cct C Tf r— © Ov i— in cn r~ wj- —"©* rT Tf .— 00 CTv fi n •n 7 *** 3 U s •3 cu 00 rt >. E l- « CU 13 c. 0 0 "" D. •o £ cu 0 >. 3 o y e - i OJ Xml CA 1- at a2 E . fl -—. y O « , 8 WX X r 8 c 1 Mi D ^ Mi- a sl i o -. rt c c 2 H tO tu 00 CO £ 1 rt rt h < £< c Q REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 A A 109 O z h X o E w « E u. o u. 06 E w 0. i- co O y a z < H y 2 f- CA H CA UJ 06 O u. >- a 'tU GO to < hJ y CO tu U02g UO°-=S3 02—"s- gas as 0 O j-; O ;- aJJH£". .... £oE£ a, — — -a. M O trt a. E z £rt.aS £3-..-. a. ou-o. cj = gt a,.-, l. rt e aw <w3 t-u. n ri © oc oc "- m, q; fl P- © m, r— in Tf © © © in CT_ m, — © — CT- oc r- CT- oc r- n ctv fi — "vO Os f, os a CA CA — Tf © Tf ■^1 © © m, — Tf ct" ©" oo" ©' — rt "— — rt Tf r- rt r- m f~ r— rj in in © ©„ t"j * r*f Tf «-*" •« vo ri v* © r- ct- v, fi r- rt © n ct n fi ct n m m a\ cCT m, tn m ©" ©' in i-* oc" © oo Ctv rt — rri fi r- oo o ' "j © fl Tf ■ rt Tf m fi i ri m ca f, i «- CU i cu ge u a c CU 3 CU ; 50.0 L o o i» c a y y u e 9 c a a § * rt "c 'z: rt u >-.a.XZ 3 i- «S Quo H a- H AA 110 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (Hi) AREAS OF LOGGING SLASH DISPOSED, 1971 Forest District Acres Abated by Industry Acres Abated by Forest Service Total Vancouver Prince Rupert... Prince George.- Kamloops Nelson Totals 44,514 398 44,912 20,532 1,549 22,081 13,200 1,430 14,630 18,890 756 19,646 17,812 822 18,634 114,948 4,955 119,903 (141) FOREST REVENUE, 1967-71 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1966 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1967 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1968 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1969 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1970 Timber licence rentals and fees. Timber berth rentals and fees Timber lease rentals and fees Timbersale rentals and fees . Timber sale stumpage Timber sale cruising and advertising Timber royalties Grazing permits and fees Forest protection tax Miscellaneous Weight-scaling _ Totals _. 825,100.86 13,436.63 76,121.31 881,812.16 34,732,239.51 229,857.61 3,509,720.06 310,718.84 579,928.17 394,388.82 396,894.14 676,038.52 141,074.38 87,083.55 899,849.28 44,390,570.94 250,745.80 4,954,555.27 | 350,351.93 947,389.12 | 473,324.50 j 635,742.30 j 703,048.63 128,103.62 90,500.60 882,229.95 78,293,115.07 213,844.25 6,329,417.22 384,123.83 993,509.64 428,260.52 1,033,160.25 41,950,218.11 53,806,725.59 89,479,313.58 668,254.04 123,123.68 92,895.76 898,484.23 53,524,665.01 163,321.01 6,217,109.85 438,003.68 1,006,742.58 669,194.53 1,149,637.48 64,951,431.85 $ 640,458.88 112,947.83 93,633.27 798,919.11 49,680,565.02 166,647.42 5,553,861.92 469,636.16 1,123,517.24 735,683.76 1,514,347.62 60,890,218.23 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 111 CA Z o < 06 UI cu O O Z 3 5 o hJ H CA z < < Q tu O 06 < X y tA H z O S < m c r- oc m m £1 CTv _ CT © fi r— N CO ao tf■ ri in — 00 ■n 00 ri O ~ Tf ~n en "rt — © Tf © cn n 1-^ <*i fi 00 n tn oc OO © OV Tf — 0- f en © Tf — rt 00 n ■ ov C w - *. ~ ■> - 00 "i °i, in OC 00 OV Tf t- © H Tf m 00 00 fi CT-" o fT Os ©" n _ © n Tf in © en Tf rj © CT © Tf © OC © O Ov OC © (N Tf — vo N fl © r- CTv (N ■*i rJ_ 00 r— n n © r* N (N -JO O* 00 OO Tf •n — nt — r* vO O CT- fi "3" Tf Tf Tf -0 n _ 5* ft — m r- Tf (N <t r- --> r- Q 00 © ■3; vq CTv ■O — — C « a- t- fl CTv CT ^- Ov © 1 -• rt f. tr. © rt ri mi ri CT, vi © — oc P- fi Tf — n © rt •— ■— tf, a. 00 © fi © © fl CT t- CTv rt © oc n O Rem Adven Tran Fe vi >n r- f, 00 rt ^"t 10 m t^ tn O Tf 00 00 © 00 r* © en Os — s i 00* l-*" ©' — OQ* Tf" OS Tf 00 © © ■■* ^ © © n 00 n rt CTv n fi en en n rt ?v O- OC f. in in fi a ca r- r- r- in ct> in — fl © CI Cm - 'fl © © «, —; ©_ vq oo m fi - (N CA ci C P- in oo OL rt a 5 r- tV -V oc" :t r-" CT ri 00 O Tf Ov* Tf fl rt Tf ri in m Tf r~ 00 o- in Tf ^ Tf © ov_ c> rt fi - tS CTv r- r- r~ © © © © — in ri © r-* N ©* ri rt* r* m 0" r* 3 Tf <n in 00 n Tf * r- Ov — n ct- ov r- © v5 *""". °» ©*, ~ <*» m < N. (N ri \G>r Os r*; Tf Tf t-T in rt* — in ft 3* ©* 06" en cn N 00 S3 © (N — — ft n 00 T tn Tf Tf f) •*i tN O- — © t *■ -t W*l fl © - © n rt CO C tf. .2 tu 00 CT 00 c fl oc 00 in CTv © r— © rt c5 CTv Os < N 00 © vC r- Tf — O Tf CT t r^ rt oc - CA <£> SO cjUi &-> n vc 00 V °. *~L © m t> • - « fN h ©" r^ Cm" t ■A ©* § Tf fi vO — »N © I T3 C/3 © Tf tO T t T* tn, 00 rt Tf (-^ © c 00 (N — < N © S\ © © tn — ctv © 3 ou c ml rt c ^1 rt m "" — -. — n 1 « y Cfl ca r~ CT- ' t — s Tf © n rA ■n 00 ot <u rm en Tf t * **t CI vq q vq n vq c £ OO" Ov r^ • - O r. Ci oc n en n rt •3 C r— rt © « O T-> r- Os CTV n cn tf © "3 <u ^ Tf © "1 c 3 ©. 00 Tf fl 1 **i — m fl CTv" fl s 3' -> iC i CT* n — n ft <«w © tn n <■ f, © ' N Ov t m n Tf ' -r tt Tf TT Tf 1 rt n rt n Tf Os CA m CTv r - vo r- en — c 0 in n r- 1 v ov vq — in 00 © r\ © ft CT rj r "I °i - OV 0 £ fi r— m Tf in r- • - 00* -- Os ri t j, r" ' _t r^ © 1— — m © m c 3 00 CA ri m -■ tn " * fN tv> t— r- © 00 r— © t - rt Tf Tf m C -i ^ ' N r; rm 00 Tf 00 © © ' 3 tn IO m, T* < n On - 00* CT- rt — © rt fl c 0 fi m. fl T fi © ft cn OS ' K **i CI l-H © © Tf tCT © t - 00 r. © © ( N — 1. n Tf >v CT; in in r^ r~ in t 1^- cr. f) c n en ' *. °) rt* vo 06 Tf f" © t *i in ri tn ri l ri ri ( n r* Ov r* © ct- 0 vvi- © rt rt © ov en c 0 — fl oc — f n t " t 00 CA t vt n Ov ri fi ( n — c 3 Ov 0 as Tf — fi © ov r N Tf © r*^ n : Ji Ov > 00 c > r-T tf Ov Ov 00 0 m — i 3 Ov Tf Ov fi S Jv fl h» « n« tn t - fl r. ©, °- u 0 m *1 fl fi ft s 0 © •n r-O en ' n n « N C-t ^CJ c CU 0 U. m- C. 6 Ov GC t-^ © ii n Tf r 1 r r~- r- © © © © v 3 © V, 0 sC CTv Ov' Ov Ov CTv Ov C ^ Ov e ^ CT *- cu w * g, 0 f, 3 £ n aio g rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt a oooooooooo HHHhHhHHE-H > c cu cu O a CJ cj cj "3 n c E c C « "C "C rt CU > ft, BU ^ z AA 112 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES o r~ ON 06 < UI > < u tA CA z g < 06 tU CU O 0 z o o o H CA < < Q tu O o. < X u » 9.9 S3 § | s Su. PCU'Sh < Ob cn a cu Urn Cfl 00 CU c u Cfl "S 3 3 o cn <U © p- ri © Tf 2 ^ — — p- j. Ov_ Ov_ CCT 00^ Tf © O rt Ov © © m fi © rt r- Tf vo Tt oo ©'© — [— Tf rt n Tf — in. fl rt m — fl — m w « c ^ tn ©_ oC ©" Tf ri oo* oo r- -h oo m t> ca en ca ca t~- ca r- oo — fl Tf CT- Ov OO wOiiNfn«« oT oo (NTf rn © oo fi r— ct- qinm rm mm © Tf ©" ©* Tf <N rm t- r~ — "**. i™ **! oo' 00 ©" sO fi CA CA 00 fl CT- 00 © r* I© oo m oo cn 00 00 .rm CC 'en so fi ft 00 "i h°- °. m r-^ r— © m © or m © © — Tf 1— p- r- © fi q m Tf n ri rt VD fN O Pl'vO ©i1— ro Tf oo od q ri © hf n Tf ri © r- °1. "** vo in 00 f- ]m en CA Ov ;© LUJJJ- • LULL LL rt oo CT- p- vj Tf in TfTtf m Tf P- (N I rt © © n CTv © oo 'as rA as tn ov ri oc tn ,fi r* in oo 'ctv '© co m" r~* m n I© fi ov |Tf ,Tf |fl 1-; SJ) 00* CA OS ft 00* >n © m f , Tf Tf in m if* ©* ! m~• l>* fl IT "I L s 8 rt O en © I I Tf m ,Ov CTv tn r— vi-ft as 1 in — ■* © tf © oc Tf CT* 1© rt p- ri !ov CTv ,t* rt vo © tf f. vq oo Tf ri Tf r-* r^ ri oo Tf m tf ri m rt Vt P- CTv en Ov ov - OO 'st Os CA 00 fN P* in m in r- rt I r^ © oo ft cao f CO T^ (N q IT) \n p- r- r— © in ,oo fl Tf H-) Tf — >OS «■ © (N Tf —_ © .Tf Tf oo © r-T oo" oo* © rt — Ov © © :-■- ■"- msf fn mm .in m* P©t Tf !— m (N|vO Ov r" p-" ri " 0\ .i-i fi r~ Tf :lll OO CO P* Sfi oo © p- in fi fi tM ri \ca CA CA r— r— © © r- lir 35 ri © © -N ■V *•*. ■*• 3 CT r © Ov * © Ov © Ov © nv Si rt rt rt c* so a. > « o c > y -3.0 ■ *j*j rt cu l&tr4Z _ooooo HHHHHHHHHH OOOO REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 AA 113 (144) FOREST REVENUE, FISCAL YEAR 1970/71 $ Timber licence rentals and fees 680,677.60 Timber berth rentals and fees 108,582.53 Timber lease rentals and fees 94,379.52 Timber sale rentals and fees 864,070.03 Timber sale stumpage 47,596,110.72 Timber sale cruising and advertising 148.008.10 Timber royalties 5,766,639.32 Grazing permits and fees 449,382.25 Forest-protection tax 1,030.555.21 Miscellaneous 755,486.41 Weight-scaling 1,193,970.62 Total 58,687,862.31 (145) FOREST SERVICE EXPENDITURES, FISCAL YEAR 1970/71 $ General administration, protection, and management of forests 18,976,582.75 Reforestation and forest nurseries 3,473,569.85 Forest research 199,597.08 Public information and education 60,538.70 Forest Service Training School 155,118.27 Grant to Canadian Forestry Association 17,500.00 Engineering services and forest-development roads 2,809,264.34 Fire suppression 9,765,199.87 Forest inventory 985,076.13 Silviculture .. 1,309,714.33 Grazing Range Improvement Fund1 210,462.19 Peace River community pastures 19,997.30 Forestry and Correction Camp Programme 17,434.27 Total .. 38,000,055.08 i Statement provided elsewhere. AA 114 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (146) SCALING FUND S Deficit, April 1, 1970 158,370.92 Collections, fiscal year 1970/71 2,469,230.34 2,310,859.42 Expenditures, fiscal year 1970/71 2,516,112.55 Deficit, March 31, 1971 205,253.13 Collections, nine months, April to December, 1971 1,914,588.59 1,709,335.46 Expenditures, nine months, April to December, 1971 2,099,162.83 Deficit, December 31, 1971 389,827.37 (147) GRAZING RANGE IMPROVEMENT FUND Surplus, April 1, 1970 11,814.19 Government contribution (sec. 13, Grazing A ct) 189,819.61 201,633.80 Expenditures, fiscal year 1970/71 210,024.61 Deficit, March 31, 1971 8,390.81 Government contribution (sec. 13, Grazing Act) 224,691.12 216,300.31 Expenditures, nine months, April to December, 1971 129,836.53 Surplus, December 31, 1971 86,563.78 (148) PEACE RIVER POWER TIMBER SALVAGE Expenditures, fiscal year 1970/71 3,778,261.24 Recovered from British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority 1,875,377.99 Balance 1,902,883.25 (151) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1971 DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONNEL, 1971 AA 115 Personnel O .o rt sJ > o > £-2 8ff = O o o c Z o u > 0 H Continuously Employed Deputy Minister, Chief Forester, and Assistant Chief Foresters— „ .- Division Foresters 1 2 2 3 2 15 2 111 2 88 98 2 6 1 5 85 4 14 39 6 4 12 -> 12 1 1 88 1 32 3 5 39 9 8 28 3 5 5 i 18 2 1 137 75 4 2 6 42 8 32 4 5 9 ........ 2 16 6 2 1 134 57 .... 7 ........ 2 6 34 5 36 10 12 ....... 2 13 2 1 2 113 ........ 35 4 1 4 26 7 24 1 1 3 4 6 3 117 33 3 62 7 17 3 51 34 110 8 125 1 8 36 24 64 4 6 3 191 Engineers 40 10 Technical Forest Officers. 645 77 124 187 Comptroller, Accountant, and Audit Assistants..._ 9 41 3 9 60 Clerks, Stenographers, and Messengers — Superintendent and Foremen, Forest Service Mainte- 338 158 23 167 60 44 108 8 | 496 242 348 335 239 723 2 391 Seasonally Employed 3 9 2 31 76 101 3 5 33 21 1 6 20 1 1 7 32 4 20 4 101 4 6 23 5 ........ 31 6 69 602 4 111 7 29 76 1 1 41 3 37 6 127 2 60 6 1 3,153 15 248 28 206 120 21 3 156 Dispatchers, Radio Operators, and Clerks 15 206 3,755 35 581 170 Truck, Tractor, and Equipment Operators Student and Survey Assistants and Engineering Aides .... 249 322 3 | 260 57 194 940 278 3,781 5,513 11 | 756 1 299 542 1,275 517 4,504 7,904 Printed by K. M. MacDonald, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1972 3,300-172-600
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REPORT of the FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1971 British Columbia. Legislative Assembly 1972
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Title | REPORT of the FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1971 |
Alternate Title | REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | 1972 |
Extent | Foldout Map: PROGRESS OF FOREST-COVER MAPPING BASED ON UNIT SURVEYS OF AREAS UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1971 Foldout Map: STATUS OF SUSTAINED-YIELD FORESTRY PROGRAMME AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1971 |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1972_V01_11_AA1_AA115 |
Collection |
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2018-11-06 |
Provider | Vancouver: University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0373853 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
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