PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Hon. R. G. Williston, Minister F. S. McKinnon, Deputy Minister of Forests REPORT of the FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1967 Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1968 Victoria, B.C., February, 1968. To Mafor-General the Honourable George Randolph Pearkes, V.C., CC, P.C., C.B., D.S.O., M.C., CD., Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Forest Service of the Department of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources for the calendar year 1967. R. G. WILLISTON, Minister of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources. The Honourable R. G. Williston, Minister of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—There is submitted herewith the Annual Report on activities of the Forest Service during the calendar year 1967. F. S. McKINNON, Deputy Minister of Forests. During the prolonged and severe 1967 forest fire season, air tankers and helicopters played a major role, but the individual fire-fighter, working long hours under extremely difficult conditions, was still the key man. CONTENTS Page 1. Chief Forester's Report 11 2. Forest Inventory Division 14 Field Programme 14 Forest Classification and Sampling 14 Growth Studies 14 Loss-factor Studies 14 Operations 15 Special Field Projects 17 Office Programme 17 Forest Mapping 17 Area and Volume Summaries and Distribution of Information. 18 Development Planning 18 3. Forest Research Division 20 Cowichan Lake Experiment Station 20 Field Programme 20 Nursery Fertility Studies 20 Soil Classification 20 Thinning and Pruning 21 Planting 21 Prince Rupert Forest District 21 Prince George Forest District 21 Kamloops Forest District 21 Nelson Forest District 21 Data-processing and Statistical Analysis 21 Canada Land Inventory 22 4. Reforestation Division 23 Forest Nurseries 2 3 Improvements 24 Forest Tree Seed 25 Reconnaissance and Survey Work 26 Planting 26 Co-operation 27 Interdepartmental Forestry and Corrections Camp Programme- 27 5. Public Information and Education Division 29 News Releases and Special Articles 29 Photography 29 Motion-picture Production 30 Film Library 30 School Lecture Programme 31 Signs 31 Library 31 Exhibits 31 Advertising 3 2 8 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES 6. Forest Management Division 33 Market Prices and Stumpage Trends 33 Lumber Prices 33 Log Prices 34 Stumpage Prices 34 Stumpage Adjustments 35 Peace River Flood Basin 35 Columbia Flood Basin 35 Close Utilization 36 Sustained-yield Programme 36 Public Sustained-yield Units 36 Pulp Harvesting Forests 36 Tree-farms 36 Tree-farm Licences 36 Silviculture 37 Scaling 37 7. Grazing Division 38 General Conditions 3 8 Range 38 Hay 39 Markets and Prices 39 Range Management 39 Range Surveys 40 Range Improvements 40 Peace River Pastures 41 Co-operation 42 Administration 42 Grazing Permits 43 Hay Permits 43 Grazing Fees 43 Control and Enforcement 44 8. Engineering Services Division 45 Engineering Surveys 45 Design 45 Forest Management Engineering 45 Road Construction and Maintenance 46 Buildings and Marine Services 47 Building Construction 48 Water Supply and Irrigation 48 Marine Activities 48 Mechanical Section 49 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 9 8. Engineering Services Division—Continued Forest Service Maintenance Depot 49 Marine Work 49 Prefabrication and Carpentry Shop 50 Mechanical Work 50 Transport Pool and Warehousing 50 Depot Maintenance 50 Radio Section 51 9. Forest Protection Division 53 Weather 53 Fires 53 Occurrence and Causes 53 Cost of Fire-fighting 54 Damage.___ 54 Protection Planning and Research 54 Fire Statistics 54 Visibility Mapping and Lookout Photography 54 Fuel-moisture Indicator Sticks 54 Insect Survey and Control 55 Research Projects 55 Fire-suppression Crews 55 Aircraft 55 Roads and Trails 56 Slash and Snag Disposal 56 Vancouver Forest District 56 Prescribed Burns 57 Interior Forest Districts 57 Fire-law Enforcement 57 Forest Closures 57 10. Forest Service Training-school _.__ 59 Extra Courses and Functions 60 Acknowledgments 60 Construction 60 11. Accounting Division 61 Fiscal 61 Administration 62 12. Personnel Division 63 Communications and Training 63 Establishment, Recruitment, and Staff Turnover 63 Classification, Salaries, and Working Conditions 64 13. Personnel Directory, 1967 66 14. Appendix—Tabulated Detailed Statements to Supplement Report of the Forest Service 69 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 CHIEF FORESTER'S REPORT Due to unsettled conditions in some sectors of the forest industry, there was a minor drop in the 1967 timber scale billed in British Columbia. At the end of the year, the scale totalled 1,572,598,592 cubic feet, compared to the 1966 scale of 1,602,437,448 cubic feet, a drop of 1.86 per cent. On the other hand, a report from the British Columbia Bureau of Economics and Statistics showed that unduplicated selling values of forest-industry shipments in 1967 rose to $1,190,000,000, an increase of $30,000,000 over 1966 shipments and $75,000,000 over those of 1965. Of the 1967 total, pulp and paper mills accounted for $463,000,000, compared to $457,000,000 in 1966 and $430,000,000 in 1965. However, there was a serious decline in the direct forest revenue, which decreased 15.6 per cent during the calendar year to $42,492,365. This decline mainly reflected the drop in the total amount charged to logging operations. Another significant factor was the reduction of $837,789 in payments received under the Federal-Provincial Forestry Agreement, which was not renewed by the Federal Government when it expired on March 31st. The largest decrease occurred in timber-sale stumpage, which contributes the bulk of the revenue and was off 18.5 per cent to $34,732,239. Log export, which has become a subject of contention in the United States Pacific Northwest, continues to be a small proportion of British Columbia's total annual cut, with 1967 exports amounting to approximately 2.2 per cent of the year's timber scale. This was an increase of 0.7 per cent over the previous year and was mainly the result of a 1966 stockpiling of logs beyond industry's requirements. There was no significant change in the sustained-yield programme during the year. Reforestation, however, took a major step toward achievement of the Forest Service objective of producing 75,000,000 seedlings annually by 1975. The significant development was the preparation of new nursery facilities, together with improvements at existing establishments. A highlight of the reforestation programme was the official opening of new nurseries at Koksilah on Vancouver Island and Red Rock near Prince George. By the end of the year a total of 241 acres was available for or in production, while a further 243 acres were in various stages of preparation. This is the initial step in the Service's plan to increase planting on a regular schedule. To sustain this programme, approximately 17 tons of seed is in storage. Mechanical sowing of seed-beds was introduced in the nurseries on an operational basis during the year. Planting by all agencies totalled 17,805,800 trees on 48,579 acres, with the Forest Service planting 32 per cent of the total. Contract planting of Crown lands was instituted on a trial basis. The co-operative Forestry and Corrections Camp Programme continues to play a significant part in all aspects of reforestation. A prolonged and severe fire season brought Forest Service suppression costs up to approximately $7,000,000, a sum far in excess of the 10-year average of a little over $2,500,000. However, despite a total of 3,216 fires, the area burned was held 11 12 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES down to 244,483 acres, compared to the 10-year average of 2,314 fires and 455,814 acres burned. Due to the extreme and protracted hazard, nine forest closures were imposed, while more than 20,000 hours were flown in the heaviest use of aircraft in the Province's history of fire suppression. Although the number of acres on which snag-falling was completed totalled 97,580 acres, or close to the 1966 total of 99,497 acres, the area of slash-burning was down about 8,000 acres to 75,989 acres in the Vancouver Forest District. The prescribed burning programme in the Interior forest districts was down 10,000 acres to a total of 15,500 acres, due to the severity of the fire season. The balsam woolly aphid (Adelges picea?) survey to delineate the general limits of infestation in South-western British Columbia was essentially completed in 1967. No new outbreaks were found beyond the 1966 perimeter, although two positive 1966 samples had noticeably increased in size. The variety of projects undertaken by the Engineering Services Division continued to increase during the year. The increase was notable for the investigation, design, and construction of irrigation systems and other improvements necessary for the enlargement of nursery facilities. Modernization of the Forest Service water fleet continued with completion of the 50-foot ranger vessel " Coast Ranger." The forest road programme continued at about the same level of activity as in 1966, with construction of 49.6 miles of new road, bringing the total completed in the programme since 1950 to 1,007.1 miles. Work proceeded on a further 14,560 acres in preparation of navigation channels and other industrial and public use areas within the pondage of the W. A. C. Bennett Dam. The honorary curator of the Forest Service museum had a rewarding year with the addition of some 30 donations, and completion of the film "A Change of Pace " as a Centennial project. For some years now, the Research Division programme has been mainly directed to a wide variety of regeneration problems. The need for better seed and a better knowledge of seed form the basis for a comprehensive programme with Douglas-fir in which tree-breeding, the development of seed orchards from plus trees, and provenance tests are important parts. During 1967 somewhat similar programmes were initiated to improve the quality of lodgepole pine and white and Engelmann spruce. This work will be centred at the new Red Rock Nursery and Research Centre. Throughout the Interior, other studies are concerned with natural factors affecting production of seed, seed dissemination, and favourable seed-beds. The use of seed for direct seeding also is receiving considerable attention. Under the right circumstances, acceptable regeneration can be achieved in this way. In addition to regeneration research, the Division has a specialist engaged in an analysis of various routine procedures associated with management activities, with the objective of increasing efficiency through the use of computers. Public sustained-yield unit inventories were continued by the Forest Inventory Division during the year and, inclusive of 1966 field work, unit survey information now is available for 65,000,000 acres. A further 20,000,000 acres are covered by maintenance surveys. Also continued were the growth and yield programme and loss-factor studies to provide basic information for inventory compilation and allowable cut calcula- REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 13 tions. Regeneration plantability surveys were done in the Adams River area of the Kamloops Forest District and in nine areas in the Nelson Forest District. The Grazing Division report shows that the extreme summer weather conditions adversely affected forage production and animal weight gains on Crown range. Water shortages, heat, and other factors related to the weather also complicated both stock and range management. However, stock came off the range in fair condition and, with the exception of recently seeded areas, there was no permanent damage to the range. Hay production was generally adequate and cattle prices averaged a little higher than in 1966. The number of cattle on Crown range dropped slightly for the first time in many years. Use of Crown range by horses increased slightly, but use by sheep now is negligible. A regulation was passed under the Grazing Act providing for an upward revision in grazing fee rates. An expanded range survey and improvement planning programme was undertaken. Changes in senior personnel in the Forest Service during 1967 involved the retirement of two division heads which resulted in appointment of an engineer in charge of the Engineering Services Division, a new head of the Reforestation Division, and a new forester in charge of the Forest Service Training-school. The permanent Civil Service establishment of the Service remained at 884, with no new positions added. Graduation of 24 men from the basic course at the training-school brings to 419 the number who have graduated from basic and advanced courses since the school went into operation in 1946. This includes 124 from basic courses and 295 from advanced courses. The 15th class of advanced trainees, consisting of 24 men, enrolled on September 20, 1967, and completed the first term of the course on December 19th. There were two important amendments to the Forest Act during the year. One, an amendment to section 116, extended provisions requiring disposal of slash to the whole of the Province. Previously they had applied only to the Coast districts. The Forest Service has discussed implementation of the section with industry in the Interior and is moving slowly. The other amendment was addition of subsection (18) to section 150 of the Act. This addition made provision for the Minister to declare timber left on the beaches forfeit to the Crown and to offer it for sale. Subsequently there was sale of five beach-clearing licences on the Coast and one in the Interior. Other amendments involved only minor changes in the Act and were mainly of a housekeeping nature. 14 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES FOREST INVENTORY DIVISION Public sustained-yield unit inventories continued. Inclusive of 1966 field work, unit survey information is now available for 65,000,000 acres. A further 20,000,- 000 acres are covered by maintenance surveys. Our growth and yield programme and loss-factor studies, to provide the basic information for inventory compilation and allowable cut calculations, were continued. Studies on applications of 70-mm. photography were continued. Regeneration plantability surveys were done in the Adams River area of the Kamloops Forest District and in nine areas of the Nelson Forest District. The continuous staff employed by the Division numbers 146, including 58 foresters, 11 technical personnel, 61 draughting and clerical staff, and 16 mechanical, warehouse, launch crew, and operations personnel. To supplement the professional and technical staff during the field season, 89 seasonal employees were engaged. FIELD PROGRAMME Forest Classification and Sampling Forest inventories to unit survey standard were completed for 11 public sustained-yield units and one unregulated area in 1967. The area involved in each unit is shown in Table B, which outlines the production of interim base maps for the year. Classification crews of the Division completed 9,527 air calls and 6,425 ground examinations. Sampling crews established 2,098 multi-plot samples. In a co-operative arrangement with the Division, tree-farm licence crews established 163 samples. Although these samples may not apply to stands in areas of current field work, they can be used to supplement information in similar forest types in public sustained-yield units. Growth Studies In the 1967 growth and yield programme, 95 permanent plots were established in five Interior public sustained-yield units and distributed as follows: Nakusp, 13; Spallumcheen, 36; Shuswap, 26; Barriere, 16; and Raft, 4. The types sampled were 49 Douglas-fir, 13 larch, 5 cedar-hemlock, and 28 lodgepole pine. Conditions sampled were: Ages ranging from 21 to 100 years, sites from good to poor with the majority in the medium class, and elevations ranging from 1,600 to 4,400 feet. During the year the growth section has produced 140 local and zonal volume- over-age curves. These curves, or site-class yield tables in graphical form, supply mean annual increment at any age. Over 35 inquiries and miscellaneous requests for growth information were processed during the year. Loss-factor Studies Decay studies were concentrated within the wet belt hemlock-cedar with a total of 1,625 trees felled and measured to provide local cull factors. Twenty sample plots were located in the Ross and Scotch Creek drainages of the Shuswap Public Sustained-yield Unit, while another 40 were established in the North Thompson Public Sustained-yield Unit within a 10-mile radius of the town of Blue River. One-half of the samples in the North Thompson unit were double sampled in connection with a 70-mm. helicopter photography project. Objectives include the analysis of sampling errors of this method of sampling and the correlation of external suspect characters, such as dead tops, with internal defect within the tree. Suspect characters, such as dead tops, are easily identified on this large-scale photography. . BRITISH COLUMBIA FOREST SERVICE INVENTORY DIVISION MAINTENANCgpUR^EYS 1958-196oi|«i UNIT SURVEYS (1961+) COMPLETED ■■■ (1961-66 fieldwork) 23. Salmon Arm 24. Shuswap 25. Skeena 26. Smithers 27. Soo 28. Special Sale Area 29. Stum 30. Upper Kootenay 31. Westlake 32. Windermere 33. Yalakom PROGRESS OF FOREST-COVER MAPPING BASED ON MAINTENANCE SURVEYS AND UNIT SURVEli OF AREAS UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT Ills'AT DECEMBER 31, 19<||1 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 15 A further 1,239 lodgepole pine trees were felled and measured in the Riske Creek, Puntzi Lake, and Nimpo Lake areas of the Chilcotin Plateau. One purpose of this work was to establish local cull factors for the mature lodgepole pine timber, which comprises 67 per cent of the total wood volume in the Stum and Chilko Public Sustained-yield Units. In conjunction with these decay measurements, 82 dominant lodgepole pine trees were sectioned for stem analysis studies in order to correct the present site curves used for this species by the Forest Inventory Division. The wood sections were sanded and then photographed to provide a permanent record for other studies, such as taper analysis and growth predictions. Data on depletion losses through fire, insect attack, and forest-land alienations is being gathered from various agencies in order to improve present predictions as they affect the allowable cut. Operations In conducting the field programme, six land base camps were established within the project areas. One of these, the Purden-Bowron, was located adjacent to an Engineering Services Division construction camp, enabling Inventory Division personnel to utilize the cookhouse and other facilities available. Some 70 prefabricated tent units were erected at the camp-sites, for cooking, dining, crew accommodation, washrooms, and equipment storage. The launch " Forest Surveyor " and barge " L.C. 6 " again proved to be suitable for coast projects, operating throughout much of the extensive coastline surrounding the Queen Charlotte Public Sustained- yield Unit. Three helicopters, obtained under contract, transported sampling crews to less accessible areas and were used by forest classifiers for low-level observation flights along predetermined flight plans, to supplement ground information. Excellent flying conditions early in the season enabled most projects to make good initial progress. This was fortunate because helicopters later were frequently diverted to fire-control operations. A total of 840 hours was flown on all projects: 565 hours for forest classification, 175 hours for transporting sampling crews, and the remainder for training, ferrying, and field-work inspections. Four-wheel-drive vehicles were used extensively again for access on back roads. In view of experience gained in 1966, when a mechanic was stationed in the vicinity of three projects, two mechanics were assigned for the same purpose this year: one to service and maintain mechanical units for several projects in the North Thompson Valley, and the other in the Nakusp-Grand Forks area. Satisfactory communications between Victoria headquarters, project bases, launches, helicopters, and personnel on remote " fly " camps are essential for effective operational control. This year the divisional network operated 84 A.C. or battery-operated A.M. sets. The distribution and handling of the diversity of equipment required on field projects were improved by the recent addition to the main warehouse at Green Timbers, particularly the ramp facilities for loading trucks at deck level. A truck- mounted hydraulic lift greatly facilitated equipment handling and construction at the project base camps. During 1967 the Air Division of the Lands Service was provided with aerial photography requirements for those public sustained-yield units without recent photographic coverage, which are scheduled for inventory in 1968 and 1969. In this regard, some 21,000 square miles were flown at a scale of 20 chains to 1 inch, and approximately 800 square miles at 40 chains to 1 inch. Photographs are now available for the Sechelt area of the Quadra, Niskonlith, Adams, and Kinbasket REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 17 Public Sustained-yield Units, the Kamloops Region Special Sale Area, and the proposed Fort Nelson Public Sustained-yield Unit to be inventoried in 1968. Photographs are also available for the following public sustained-yield units scheduled for 1969: Big Valley, Cottonwood, Ashnola, Similkameen, and Nootka. Special Field Projects Plantability studies were carried out on a number of burn areas in the Nelson and Kamloops Forest Districts. In the Nelson district, nine burnt-over areas were examined, covering approximately 24,577 acres. The areas studied include Salmo- Creston Highway, Howe Creek, McRae Creek, Bear Creek, Gander Creek, Cedar Creek, Silverton Creek, Summit Lake, and Frazer Creek. In the Kamloops district, approximately 16,000 acres were examined in the Adams River area. A project involving the exchange of 672 acres of Crown land for 672 acres of private land was completed in the Campbell River area. Studies in the use of fixed-base photography from helicopters continued. Two new Linhof cameras were purchased and flights made to test them. Timber types were photographed in the North Thompson area for a further study of sampling standing timber. A total of 40 samples was photographed. In co-operation with the Engineering Services Division, the Stellako River log drive was photographed, as were several nurseries, various types of clearing in the Peace pondage area, and several bridge-sites. Studies are continuing with the Forest Management and Research Divisions on the use of 70-mm. photography for measuring logging residue. OFFICE PROGRAMME Forest Mapping Table A outlines the final forest-cover mapping, planimetry, and volume estimates completed during 1967, based on the 1966 field projects. Unit survey reports, maps, and map-area and map-volume statements have been issued on all but the partial inventory of the Kingcome Public Sustained-yield Unit. Table A.—Production of Final Forest-cover Maps for 1966 Projects Public Sustained-yield Unit Number of Maps Scale (Chains to Inch) Forest and Non-forest Area in Acres Crown Alienated Total Volume in M Cu. Ft. on Mature Crown Area Chilko (part).. Monkman Quadra (Redonda) — Skeena (Hazelton) — Smithers (extension).. Stum (extension) Totals 198 20 69 20 121 20 93 20 23 20 103 20 607 .... 5,128,324 1.353,615 1,774,004 1,800,437 275,449 1,942,028 63,386 13,951 111,546 56,508 81,202 5,191,710 1,367,566 1,885,550 1,856,945 275,449 2,023,230 2,860,6951 2,375,1651 2,537,7832 5,232,3001 638,5641 1,414,4351 12,273,857 326,593 | 12,600,450 | 15,058,942 1 Volumes, 7.1"-f d.b.h. close-utilization standard less decay. 2 Volumes, 9.1"-f-d.b.h. close-utilization standard less decay. * H * ■b •k The three stereograms opposite are (top) 70-mm. vertical pair of photographs taken at a flying height of 556 feet and a scale of 1:2,160, or 2.7 chains per inch; (centre) horizontal stereo pair showing in particular a clump of red cedar; and (bottom) portion of a 1:15,840, or 20 chains per inch, standard inventory pair of photographs. In the top pair, note the three species marked H, B, C, and the numbered trees. The black arrow indicates the direction of view to the horizontal 70-mm. pair (centre). The numbered trees on the top and centre photographs indicate the same trees. In the bottom pair, the white rectangle encloses the area photographed by the helicopter with a camera boom and two Linhof aero electric 70-mm. cameras. All three pairs can be viewed with a lens-stereoscope. (Note.—H denotes hemlock; C, cedar; B, balsam.) 18 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Table B indicates the extent of base maps prepared for the 1967 field projects. These areas were base-mapped from 20-chain-to-l-inch air photos flown in 1966. Forest-cover mapping of these projects is now in progress, and maps and reports should be available by the fall of 1968. Table B.—Production of Interim Base Maps for the 1967 Field Work Public Sustained-yield Unit Number of Maps Scale (Chains to Inch) Total Estimated Acreage 22 12 18 20 33 23 54 37 132 19 36 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 343,590 Bowron Bowron Lake Unregulated Area Edgewood 191,842 147,604 315,465 696,520 331,837 1,045,580 257,990 Queen Charlotte — 1,584,564 247,609 Raft 603,242 560,695 Totals 436 6,326,538 Area and Volume Summaries and Distribution of Information In addition to the planimetry of 12,600,000 acres required for unit survey reports, 68 inventory summaries were completed for Forest Service management planning purposes. These requests accounted for a total area of 12,963,000 acres and a net timber volume of 11,402,000 M cubic feet. The sale and distribution of maps and other inventory information continued at a high level. The material included 26,700 maps, 310 survey reports, 440 volume-over-age curves, and over 10,000 area and sample volume statements. All of the 2,356 Provincial samples established during the 1967 field season have been compiled on the basis of the 1962 standard cubic-foot volume tables. The Provincial sample total, 1953 to 1967, inclusive, after deletion of some reject samples, stands at 33,295, exclusive of permanent growth plots. Prints of any compiled sample statement in cubic feet per acre are available at a nominal charge. During 1967 continued full use was made of the services of the Data Processing Division. It was the year in which third-generation computers (I.B.M. system/360, Models 30 and 40) were installed; reprogramming is now being done and it is hoped to process more data in less time in 1968. Development Planning Several isolated blocks of Crown land not currently under regulation were studied for possible addition to a neighbouring sustained-yield unit. As a result, the Simpson River drainage, on the Alberta border and isolated by Kootenay National Park, was added to the Windermere Public Sustained-yield Unit, and unit standard inventory is planned for it in 1968. No decision was made regarding the portion of Upper Bobbie Burns Creek isolated by Tree-farm Licence No. 14, but, for it, too, unit standard inventory is planned in 1968. Two areas isolated on the east side of Bowron Lake Park (Upper Wolverine River, and most of the drainages of Betty Wendle Creek and of Cariboo River) also have not been finalized, but they were inventoried to a unit standard during the 1967 season in conjunction with the Purden-Bowron project. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 19 A field planning study was carried out in the Fort Nelson area preparatory to inventory of the proposed Fort Nelson Public Sustained-yield Unit in the coming season. Such study was desirable since never previously had the progressive forest inventory reached the stage where a survey study at unit standards could be considered for an unregulated area. 20 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES FOREST RESEARCH DIVISION A detailed report on the research programme for 1967 will appear in the annual Forest Research Review compiled at the end of the fiscal year. COWICHAN LAKE EXPERIMENT STATION The Cowichan Lake Experiment Station is the centre of coastal tree improvement work. An arboretum and clone bank is being developed so that all Douglas-fir breeding material will be conveniently located at one site. For some years, scions from carefully selected plus trees have been grafted to rootstock planted out here. There are now 608 registered clones represented in the clone bank. In addition, seedlings are being grown from provenances representing the extreme southern range of the species for outplanting in the arboretum. A second series of intraspecific crosses of Douglas-fir, raised at Cowichan, were planted out on eight test sites on Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland. A total of 16,951 trees was planted, and the over-all survival was 91.5 per cent. Only limited pollinations were possible in 1967 owing to the sparse production of male and female strobili. Seedlings from wind-pollinated cone collections made from plus trees in 1966 were grown at Cowichan Nursery. These will provide stock for the two proposed seedling seed orchards at Koksilah and Campbell River. Douglas-fir seedlings, representing 88 provenances, are being grown at Cowichan Lake in preparation for field trials in different climatic zones within the coastal region. Observations and measurements of these seedlings in the nursery included assessments of time of germination and hardening-off, as well as total height at the end of the growing season. Three test sites, 25 to 30 acres each, were selected in different climatic zones for the field trials. FIELD PROGRAMME Nursery Fertility Studies Work to determine suitable fertilizer application rates for coastal conifer nurseries has continued. Similar studies at the new Red Rock Nursery in the Interior were initiated with N, P, K experiments on white spruce. An investigation into the possible value of micro-nutrients for Douglas-fir nursery stock was started at Koksilah. In conjunction with the fertilizer work, study of the relationship between plant internal nutrient concentration and growth is going on. Seasonal changes in Douglas-fir frost hardiness have been followed, using electrolytic methods. Effect of temperature and day-length on frost hardiness are being examined in newly acquired growth chambers. Soil Classification A study of soil classification was undertaken as a pilot project to develop technique and criteria for mapping and interpretation of forested lands for Douglas-fir growth on the east coast of Vancouver Island. The project was established in the Sayward portion of the Quadra Public Sustained-yield Unit. Geology, geomorphology, soils, and vegetation of an area of approximately 300 square miles were studied. As a result, a mapping scheme, suitable for grouping of mapping units at several levels for different management purposes, has been put forward. The system also includes the interpretation of mapping units for objectives such as productivity, species suitability, regeneration probability, logging, and slash- REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 21 burning specifications, thinning and fertilizer recommendations, traflicability, and erosion hazard. Thinning and Pruning A number of Douglas-fir thinning and pruning plots were remeasured and a final analysis made of a red alder thinning plot. Planting A western hemlock planting experiment demonstrated the advantages of a northerly aspect, shade, and a mineral-soil planting medium in obtaining increased survival. Prince Rupert Forest District A number of planting and seeding projects established in 1967 were reexamined and a new project initiated to study the relative suitability of different lodgepole pine planting stocks on various sites throughout the North-Central Interior. Preliminary investigations were carried out concerning silvicultural facets of a prescribed burning programme. Prince George Forest District Tree improvement research on two Interior species was initiated in 1967. In a study of lodgepole pine, 114 provenances have been collected, ranging from California to the Yukon, with 90 from British Columbia. Seedlings from these sources will eventually be planted out throughout the Province in a study to establish seed transfer rules. The plantations will also serve as banks of breeding material for a possible intraspecific hybridization crossing programme. A reconnaissance of white spruce stands of the North-Central Interior was also made as a preliminary step to a spruce breeding programme. Tree improvement work for the Interior will be centred at the new Red Rock nursery, where office and laboratory facilities are being constructed. A number of direct-seeding and planting trials were established. Survival of the planted stock, in spite of a hot dry summer, averaged better than 95 per cent. Kamloops Forest District Direct-seeding studies continue to be an important part of the research effort in the Wet Belt of the district. Plantations were established to study the altitudinal effect on a specific provenance of spruce. Spacing trials of Engelmann spruce and western larch were also established. Nelson Forest District The district was without a research officer in 1966, and the new appointee was required to spend a considerable period in becoming familiar with the forest types of the area. The change in personnel resulted in the loss of certain data on cone-crop periodicity in the good cone year of 1966. The negligible cone crop this year reduced the productivity of two projects dependent on natural seed production. A spruce plantation trial involving five planting dates was established. A cost-benefit study has been planned to investigate rehabilitation methods suitable to the decadent cedar-hemlock stands of the Interior Wet Belt. Data Processing The year has been spent improving the system of official scale computing and organ'zing further jobs for the I.B.M. 1440 system to handle. 22 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES The scalers' tally sheet and order of recording scale data has been reorganized to simplify office procedures, and, as a result, output per key-punch operator has been increased 40 to 50 per cent. The Scale and Royalty Account form has been reorganized to simplify mailing and distribution. As a result of improvements made and up-grading of staff performance, further efficiency has been achieved. New programmes have been developed to compare check scales and rescales, adjust stumpage changes on Vancouver log market prices, and supply management with additional reports. CANADA LAND INVENTORY The Research Division continues to be associated with several Provincial and Federal organizations in the British Columbia programme of the Canada Land Inventory. During the past year, soil surveys were conducted in the Chilcotin- Williams Lake area, the Okanagan, the East Kootenay, and the North-Central Interior. Temporary climatic stations have been established to provide supplementary information in areas not served by official records. A start is being made toward analysing the accumulated data in terms of alternate land use. The Forest Service is contributing economic studies of the forest resource. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 23 REFORESTATION DIVISION FOREST NURSERIES The year 1967 was one of considerable expansion in nursery facilities toward the objective of producing 75,000,000 trees annually by 1975. It is therefore most fitting that the Centenary of Canadian Confederation should be marked by the official opening of two major nurseries—Koksilah and Red Rock. There are now eight nurseries, composed of 19 different fields. This complex, when fully developed, will provide 372 acres suitable for seedling production and an additional 84 acres suitable only for transplant production. Production of planting stock at the East Kootenay Nursery, located on Perry Creek, was discontinued as economically impractical. Twelve different areas, totalling 1,460 acres, were examined as to nursery suitability. This work will continue until a further 250 acres suitable for nursery are located. In the existing nurseries, 7,729 seed-beds were sown, with a planned production of 29,300,000 seedlings. A further 1,820 beds were sown in Interior nurseries during the fall. The 1966/67 winter months were favourable for the over-wintering of 1-year-old stock, and complete coverage with irrigation kept damage from late spring frosts to a minimum in this class of stock. The growing season was characterized by below average precipitation and above average temperatures. Heavier than normal irrigation prevented these conditions from having much adverse effect on growth, with the result that 2-year trees were, on the average, close to normal size. 0 m rnrnm^ of • m CENTUr ,#- ac F0RpT;SE^/i|| /^"ixtfc £ iiMiiiiiiiii A significant occasion in the reforestation programme was the official opening of new nurseries at Koksilah on Vancouver Island and Red Rock near Prince George. Here, at official opening of Red Rock Nursery, are Mr. F. S. McKinnon, Deputy Minister of Forests, left, and the Honourable Ray Williston, Minister of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources. 24 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Germination in the newly sown seed-beds was, on the whole, close to the desired level. Some seed-lots for which there was insufficient time to complete germination tests were either overstocked or very sparse. It is hoped that drill seeding, a technique tried on a production basis in 1966, will tend to reduce uneven stocking. The apparent success of this method prompted its fairly widespread use at four nurseries during the year. Considerable modification of the original seeder developed at Duncan much improved its performance, and modifications made to the sand- spreader adapted it to drill seeding. As a result, the efficiency of the sowing operation has been much improved. Six more drill seeders were constructed by the Duncan staff. Since drill seeding lends itself to lateral root pruning, equipment for this purpose was developed and successfully used, and a number of these units are being produced at Duncan. Control of weeds continues to be a major item of nursery costs. The availability of sufficient developed acreage to permit a return to fallowing should materially help in reducing such costs. For the first time, a rather extensive soil fumigation project was carried out under the guidance of the Forest Research Laboratory of the Federal Department of Forestry and Rural Development. This was undertaken to control a suspected disease-nematode situation at the Koksilah Nursery and to evaluate the effectiveness of several different materials. Results have not yet been analysed, but casual observations indicate that a small measure of weed control was achieved. The Green Timbers Nursery reported a fairly high incidence in the first-year seed-beds of a root condition locally known as " ropey root." Losses in the two- year stock are estimated at 7 per cent. Several causal agencies are suspected. It is believed that continuous cropping has contributed to the severity of the condition, and that fallowing of the affected areas will help to alleviate it. Fallowing requires development of considerable new nursery area. Much work has been done to this end. The new nursery-site on the Chilliwack River began production when 580 seedbeds were sown in the spring. Twelve more acres are now ready for the sowing of another 1,800 seed-beds. At the new Campbell River Nursery, 18 acres were cleared and made ready for seed-beds. Development continued at the Red Rock Nursery, where area was prepared for 2,500 seed-beds, half of which were seeded in the fall. A further 20 acres were cleared and 40 acres windrowed in preparation for burning. About 6 acres were cleared of brush on the new Langley Nursery site adjacent to Highway No. 401 in preparation for the sowing of seed-beds. This will assist in placing Green Timbers back on proper rotation. By the end of 1967, 178 acres of nursery land were in actual production, 63 acres prepared for sowing or transplanting, a further 97 acres partially developed, and 146 acres available for future development. IMPROVEMENTS At the Green Timbers Nursery, 1,780 feet of drain tile was laid in a new area which was under fallow, and other drainage facilities were improved. The service building at Koksilah was enlarged and, in connection with the official opening in August, a large rustic sign, designed and made by the Parks Branch, was erected at the entrance. At the Duncan Nursery, replacement of the original wood-stave irrigation mains and the domestic water-line with plastic pipe was completed in the fall. An irrigation system for the new Campbell River Nursery is under construction. In the Chilliwack Valley, a mile-long 4-inch plastic water REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 25 main was placed underground to bring irrigation water from Pierce Creek to the new site. Aluminum distribution mains were installed to service the prepared area. Two prefabricated buildings, declared surplus by the Inventory Division, were moved from the East Kootenay Nursery site to Rayleigh and re-erected to provide an office and an implement-shed. At Telkwa, the seedling cold-storage room was remodelled and the irrigation system improved. The Red Rock Nursery and Research Centre was also officially opened in August. Another appropriate entrance sign was erected to mark the Centennial and the Festival of Forestry. A combined research-reforestation administration building was completed to the closed-in stage. Nursery personnel are continuing with some of the inside work. The Engineering Services Division designed and constructed an earthen dam on Vienna Creek and installed the pumphouse and mains to service the eastern half of the nursery. A 7-foot fence was erected around the major portion of the property, including the reservoir area. FOREST TREE SEED Cone crops throughout the Province were negligible in general. However, a collectable crop of Interior spruce occurred in a localized area centred around Babine Lake, and Prince Rupert Forest District crews collected 1,404 bushels of spruce cones, together with 882 bushels of lodgepole pine. This crop, considered to be a carry-over from the 1966 bud set, deteriorated to the east, where crews in the Prince George Forest District managed only small and scattered collections of spruce, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir. In the Kamloops and Nelson Forest Districts, cone crops were very poor, but a small collection of lodgepole pine was made in the Kamloops District. Altogether, 2,622 bushels of cones were collected. The prospects for a better crop in 1968 appear promising. The extraction of the 1966 collections was completed in March. The Forest Service collection of 35,798 bushels yielded 19,649 pounds of seed, and collections by industry (14,238 bushels), which were extracted by private plants, yielded 7,952 pounds of seed. Seventy-two per cent of the seed acquired is Coast Douglas-fir. The extraction of this volume of cones taxed the extraction plant to the limit of its capacity and was of considerable value in pointing up areas in which further improvements could be made. Some of these were carried out later in 1967 and will be continued next year. Extraction of the 1967 collections was under way at the end of the year, but a full report on yields will not be available until later in 1968. The seed yield from cones picked in 1966 from six Coast seed production areas amounted to 1,004 pounds, or an average of 36 pounds of seed per acre. Three areas produced no cones at all. The Interior spruce seed production areas produced flower buds in 1966, but only two areas in the Prince Rupert Forest District produced what may be regarded as light crops. In the Nelson Forest District, the Nakusp Seed Production Area produced 100 pounds of Douglas-fir seed from 4.5 acres. Some progress was made in the seed-orchard programme. Normal maintenance was carried out in the clonal portion of the Campbell River Seed Orchard, and the larger clones were fertilized during the spring in hopes of stimulating a cone crop in 1968. Half " sib " seedlings (that is, seedlings from wind-pollinated plus trees) for the balance of the orchard are being grown by the Research Division, and it is expected that these will be available within two years. At the Koksilah Seed Orchard, filling and levelling was carried out with the co-operation of the Department of Highways. 26 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Following extraction of the 1966 cone harvest, the seed laboratory carried out a total of 906 germination tests, each requiring 2.7 man-hours. Considerable time was also spent bringing the seed records up to date. In connection with regular nursery production, the seed requirements for 8,070 seed-beds was weighed out, treated, and shipped to the various nurseries. This seed, together with smaller withdrawals for research tests and miscellaneous shipments, totalled 675 kgs. (1,496 pounds). The inventory of seed on hand at the end of the year approximates 15,400 kgs. (17 tons), most of which is Coast Douglas-fir. The supply of Coast Douglas-fir seed for the Northern Mainland and spruce for the Prince George and Prince Rupert Forest Districts is seriously low. RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEY WORK With the co-operation of the Forest Inventory Division, a number of " backlog " areas in the Southern Interior were examined to determine the extent of natural restocking and the condition of unstocked portions. Field crews covered nine areas in the Nelson Forest District and found that, of the 24,517 acres surveyed, 6,148 acres (25 per cent) are not satisfactorily restocked and, further, that only 2,985 acres are considered to be plantable. These crews also examined some 16,000 acres in the Adams River drainage in the Kamloops District, where 7,543 acres (47 per cent) was mapped as not satisfactorily restocked, including 6,236 acres of plantable ground. In all, 9,221 acres were classified as unplantable owing mainly to a dense cover of brush. On Vancouver Island, Reforestation Division crews examined 12,983 acres which were slash-burned during the period 1965-67 and prepared planting prescriptions for 9,190 acres (71 per cent) of this total. On the Mainland portion of the Vancouver Forest District, ranger and district crews carried out plantability assessments on a further 41,882 acres, of which an estimated 60 per cent was classified as in plantable condition. Most of this is not expected to restock naturally. PLANTING The lack of rainfall in the southern portion of the Province during the spring, together with an extended period of high temperatures and negligible precipitation during the summer, is expected to have a significant effect on the plantations established in the spring. However, the relatively dry period in May did favour access to the planting areas, so that most projects were completed in good time. The effect of the summer drought was severe enough to cause cancellation of a number of Southern Interior projects in the fall. The northern portions of the Province enjoyed moderate weather during the year, and no abnormal effects in survival are anticipated. As a result of cancelled autumn projects, the total of trees planted in 1967 is less than in the preceding year. Returns from all agencies total 17,805,800 trees planted on 48,579 acres, of which the Forest Service planted 5,836,400 trees on 12,886 acres. Despite a shortage of trained supervisory personnel and a lack of crew accommodation in some areas, the Forest Service programme on the Coast was increased to some 4,000,000 trees planted on over 9,000 acres {see Table No. 22, Summary of Planting). To examine the possibilities of contract planting and to gain experience in its administration, the Forest Service entered into several trial contracts for the reforestation of Crown lands in the Vancouver Forest District. Two commercial contracts, totalling 282,000 trees, were awarded. An additional three contracts were awarded to industry for planting some 200,000 trees in areas where extra crew accommodation was unavailable. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 27 Trials were also carried out during the summer to test the effectiveness of enclosing seedling roots in a mixture of clay and peat moss as protection against drought. Results were sufficiently encouraging to warrant further trials on a larger scale designed to improve survival and extend the planting season. In connection with planting projects completed on Crown lands this year, 2,625 survival sample plots were established. CO-OPERATION Co-operation with other divisions and the forest districts continued at a high level in 1967. The Engineering Services Division, in particular, was most helpful in supervising the development work at Campbell River, Red Rock, and Chilliwack River Nurseries. It also provided the necessary transport, together with the Inventory Division, for moving equipment and supplies as requested. Reforestation Division snag-fallers felled 82,503 snags on 882 acres of Crown land in the Vancouver Forest District and cleared another 94 acres in co-operation with industry. This crew was transferred to the Vancouver District late in the year. In preparation for an expanding planting programme over the next few years, two-day training courses were held in all forest districts for planting-crew foremen. Although the majority attending were Forest Service personnel, industry was well represented. Three men from the Chilcotin Indian School attended the Prince George class. Instruction was given to students at the Forest Service training-school and at the University of British Columbia. Co-operation with industry continues to play an important part in the operation of the Division. Attendance to matters in connection with Tree-farm Forestry Committees, the Reforestation Board, and the Tree Improvement Board have proven mutually beneficial and will become more important as reforestation technology expands. Visits to the Mesachie Lake Experiment Station and the Duncan Nursery complex were conducted on a number of occasions, highlighted by the Festival of Forestry tour of Pacific Rim foresters in November. Interdepartmental Forestry and Correction Camp Programme Since its inception in 1957, the Interdepartmental Forestry and Correction Camp Programme has continually expanded, and at present involves nine camps and four institutions, which supply some 700 men for a wide variety of forestry projects. In 1967 some projects were curtailed by low inmate populations, priority of other work, and the high fire hazard during the summer. However, the fire season also provided an opportunity for both the inmate fire-fighting crews and those manning secondary lookouts to gain some experience. As in the past, Forest Service personnel gave instructions to correctional officers in fire-fighting techniques and equipment. The establishment and operation of forest nurseries continues to occupy the major portion of this programme, and co-operative nurseries now produce some 9,000,000 trees annually for field planting. In the Chilliwack River valley, inmate crews constructed 2.5 miles of trail, cleared 1.5 miles of forest-development road right-of-way, and maintained many miles of road by slashing and burning roadside brush. The sawmill at Mount Thurston Camp produced 134,000 f.b.m. of lumber from logs salvaged out of the log jam in the Chilliwack River from right-of-way clearing, and from a nearby snag-falling project. At the new Chilliwack Nursery site, inmate crews helped clear and stump 25 acres. At other nursery-sites in the Chilliwack Valley, 1,200,000 trees were lifted and shipped to the Tamihi headquarters, where culling and packaging was done by outside crews. During the year, inmates planted 70,000 trees on 105 acres in the 28 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Tamihi Creek valley. In other work, crews brushed out the 12-acre spacing trial, and in conjunction with acquiring fuel-wood for the camps an additional 30 acres of heavy brush land was cleared. Pierce Creek Camp served as the control centre for all fire-fighting crews in the valley, and during the year these crews attended four fires and patrolled constantly during periods of extreme hazard. In the Campbell River area, inmates assisted with development of the new nursery. In connection with this project, 3,500 feet of fencing was erected on posts salvaged from the clearing, and 7,700 feet of pipe-line right-of-way was cleared to a 30-foot width. At the Snowdon Nursery, 1,308,000 seedlings were transplanted in the spring and assistance was provided in lifting 496,000 trees. A portable sawmill acquired early in the year was utilized in conjunction with the clearing of the new nursery area, and 35,000 f.b.m. of rough lumber was sawn from the second-growth logs. In the Mud Lake area, crews from Lakeview Camp recovered 390 squares of split shakes, 55 cords of shake-bolts, and 67,000 plot stakes from cedar snags during the year. Other crews maintained roadside ditches and culverts during periods of wet weather and slashed and burned 24 miles of roadside brush. Five minor fires were fought and extinguished by inmate crews, and four secondary lookouts were maintained during the high-hazard period. Two spacing trials were established in the 1948 plantation near Morton Lake in co-operation with the Research Division, and a 2-acre camp-site was prepared for the Inventory Division survey crew. The stand treatment project at Haney was discontinued in 1967 owing to security difficulties, and these crews were diverted to the task of preparing a new 20-acre nursery-site. A total of 42,000 trees was shipped from the Haney Nursery and 363,000 seedlings were transplanted. Trainees from the Haney Correctional Institute also continued road-maintenance projects, took action on four small fires, and improved the loading-out area for the Alouette Lake salvage project. The sawmill produced 113,774 f.b.m. out of the 1,327 logs salvaged from the lake. In the Alouette Nursery, residents of the Alouette River Unit enlarged the productive area by 7 acres and installed tile drains in the new area. Adjacent to this field, an office for the forestry supervisor was built. Maximum-security trainees produced 120,000 cedar stakes for plot work. In the Kamloops Forest District, inmate crews from Rayleigh and Clearwater attended to eight forest fires in three ranger districts. Clearwater crews also cut 3,640 7-foot cedar posts for various projects, and a Rayleigh crew made up 50 4- by 4-foot wire-mesh cages for grazing studies. Because of expansion at the Rayleigh Nursery and the requirements of the camp farm, inmate crews were unable to cope with the weed problem in the nursery, and outside crews were employed during the latter part of the season. Lifting and shipping during the year totalled 430,000 trees, and 410,000 seedlings were transplanted in the spring. At the present time there are some 5,000,000 seedlings of various ages in this nursery. Priority of work on the construction of the Hutda Lake Camp in the Prince George Forest District resulted in less work being achieved in the forestry programme. Nevertheless, work continued on a smaller scale on a wide variety of projects. Inmates from the main gaol planted 34,000 trees in the " Spruce " fire after slashing over 8 miles of right-of-way on the Willow River Road during the winter. These crews then continued clearing, burning, and soil-preparation work at the Red Rock Nursery. The Hutda Lake Camp managed to provide crews for Toad right-of-way clean-up and decking of logs in that area, and for the erection and initial operation of the portable sawmill. In addition, these crews cut 913 fence- posts and cleared some 50 acres of snags in the Clear Lake area. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 29 PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION DIVISION The year 1967 will be remembered by the Public Information and Education Division as a time of unusually heavy activity, a period of diverse projects. It provided a strong contrast to those years where the Annual Report traced a normal activity pattern and brought a series of encounters and challenges that fully tested the ability of the Division to be flexible in meeting new situations. The fact that it was Canada's Centennial Year was reflected in the heavy demand for historically oriented forestry material. Clubs and municipal bodies, news media, and private citizens all sought special assistance, requiring time- consuming research. A summer almost completely devoid of rain brought the most dangerous and protracted fire season in the history of the Province. This had to be met with a public information campaign designed to maintain a high level of public awareness to encourage the exercise of maximum caution in the woods. The establishment of two new Forest Service nurseries at Red Rock, near Prince George, and Koksilah, outside Duncan, provided interesting problems in planning and carrying out formal opening ceremonies. NEWS RELEASES AND SPECIAL ARTICLES At the peak of the forest fire season, the Division was receiving up to 35 news media requests for information each day. To assist the Division in meeting this demand, the Forest Protection Division compiled fire reports twice a day, covering the forest fire situation throughout the Province. In addition to the verbal releases made in response to telephone inquiries from newspapers, radio, and television, regular weekly fire reports were made and a total of 24 special releases were written in connection with various closures and campfire- permit suspensions. Other releases throughout the year covered a wide variety of subjects involving major activities of the Forest Service, including the Canadian Centennial openings of the two new forest nurseries at Red Rock and Koksilah. Requests from trade journals and newspapers issuing special editions on forestry activity were of a general nature, with a continuing interest being shown in the development of the pulp and paper industry, although this was not as intense as that shown during the previous year. Apart from the verbal releases and weekly fire reports, there were over 60 written releases, features, and special articles prepared in the Division during the year. PHOTOGRAPHY During 1967 the demand for photographs continued on the expanding scale established in 1966. The Photographic Section's ability to meet these demands without additional funds is questionable. High silver values forced a 16-per-cent price increase on all silver-bearing photo materials, this in addition to normal annual price increases. A total of 13,883 prints was produced. Five hundred and forty-six negatives were added to the photo library, 96 less than in 1966. As in previous years, proof prints of these were sent to the five forest district headquarters. Prince George and Nelson Forest Districts are noted as the major users of these through the year. The 35-mm. slide collection had increased use. One hundred and fifty duplicates were made for Forest Service use in exhibits and lectures, and to fill outside 30 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES requests. A total of 550 original slides was taken, the bulk of these being for use by the Forest Inventory and Research Divisions. Special assignments included coverage of the manufacture of glulam beams and their use in construction of the Bulkley River crossing of the Suskwa Forest Development Road; " Cat " and chain clearing, and use of hydraulic shears in clearing and logging in the Findlay River section of the Peace River pondage; the Stellako River log drive, and techniques used in Douglas-fir grafting. One project alone, the photographing of volume decay study samples, required 440 separate photographs. One major assignment for the Engineering Services Division necessitated printing of a total of 3,190 8 x 10 prints from 70-mm. fixed-base air photos taken of the Stellako River log drive and Peace pondage clearing projects. In the continuing Inventory Division 70-mm. fixed-base air photo programme, 1,897 stereo-positives were made, a big increase over the 322 made in 1966. For the Research Division, 524 X-rays were processed, compared with 110 in 1966. The Photographic Section supplied various news media with illustrative material on a world-wide basis. Requests from within the Province leaned heavily toward historical subjects befitting the Centennial Year. Motion-picture Production A total of 11,100 feet of colour film was used, requiring considerable air and road travel. The Forest Service film " Forest Highways " was completed early in the year and sounded during April. Due to lack of funds for purchase of library prints, full distribution of this film was delayed. It is now being distributed on a world-wide basis by the National Film Board. As a Centennial project, the Division co-operated with the Forest Service museum custodian and produced a 12-minute film "Change of Pace." The basis of the film was old colour footage shot by Forest Service personnel during the 1930's and early 1940's. Additional modern footage was shot during the spring. The film was reduced on to sound striped 8-mm. for showing at the Festival of Logging exhibit at the Pacific National Exhibition. A new film, "Up in Smoke," was completed during the 1967 fire season and sounding commenced in December. This subject was expected to be ready for showing early in 1968. In the spring, two short safety films were shot and edited for the Inventory Division's use in its training programme. The subjects covered were safe crossing of rivers on foot, and flotation qualities of several types of life-jackets. These are silent clips, and the first two in a projected programme. During December a short sequence was filmed to show how the self-inflating life-raft used on some Forest Service vessels actually works. This is to be edited as a silent segment as soon as staff time is available. Film Library The use of the film library showed a marked increase over the previous year. One example was the 20-per-cent increase in the total audience over the previous year. In some cases, as with the films " Forest Highways " and " Change of Pace," demand far exceeded the ability to supply. The major demand remained in elementary and secondary schools, and in training institutes. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 31 Films on permanent loan to British Columbia Houses in London and San Francisco showed a definite increase in use. In 1967 their combined audience was 5,740, an increase of almost 100 per cent over the previous year. See Table No. 31 in Appendix. SCHOOL LECTURE PROGRAMME The school lecture programme for 1967 saw an increase in the number of students attending the lectures. More than 17,649 attended the 112 lectures in the 100 schools visited in the Vancouver and Kamloops Forest Districts. There was a change in school lecturers as a result of the former lecturer leaving to join another department. See Table No. 32 in the Appendix. SIGNS A comprehensive evaluation of the entire sign programme was undertaken in 1967. The goal of this investigation is to determine the feasibility of continuing the programme in view of rising production costs and lack of increase in the annual allotment to meet them. Also included is a survey considering the continued usefulness of some of the signs that have been used over the years (design, etc.). The highway sign-painting programme ("Keep B.C. Green—-Use Your Ashtray ") was continued for the 14th consecutive year. Colour and layout innovations were again used to further promote public interest. One hundred and twenty signs were painted. Highway construction, urban development, and centre-line changes are making it increasingly difficult to maintain signs on the exits from populated areas. The maintenance and supervision of the Forest Service sign programme was continued. LIBRARY Interlibrary loans, researched and completed by the staff, continue to grow in number, reaching an all-time high of 265. This service requires a considerable amount of research. The library now has grown to the point that all available shelf space is being utilized, necessitating the storage of some material in boxes. This factor is a definite handicap to the efficient operation of the library. The librarian visited the Nelson Forest District to assist in organizing the material available to the foresters in that district. The staff would like to express its appreciation to the library staffs of the Provincial Library, the University of Victoria, Canada Department of Forestry and Rural Development, and Canada Department of Agriculture Experimental Farm, Saanichton, for their continuing co-operation. EXHIBITS The Forest Service's interest in exhibitions was dominated by the extensive Government commitment to the Pacific National Exhibition " Festival of Forestry," which was initiated to familiarize the general public with the importance of the Province's forest resource A special advisory committee which guided " Festival " was comprised of representatives from industry, education, and government. This committee's main contribution was the co-sponsorship of the " Festival of Forestry " 32 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES at the Pacific National Exhibition, an event which in 1967 attracted more than a quarter-million visitors for the second consecutive year. This committee, on which the Forest Service was represented, also supported a congress of 33 forestry students from 16 Pacific Rim countries, a tree-planting programme in downtown Vancouver, and a loggers' breakfast, also in Vancouver, which was attended by thousands. The Forest Service undertook an ambitious scheme of constructing a typical lookout tower and display complex in the exhibition's section of the Loggers' Show at the Pacific National Exhibition. The display section had as its theme " Half a Century of Progress." A 30-foot lookout tower was constructed and manned during the three-week period of the Pacific National Exhibition. The Forest Service entry proved a top attraction, drawing good crowds each day. It was estimated that more than 40,000 persons visited the display complex, with 32,000 touring the lookout. The Service was fortunate in obtaining the services of two ex-employees who manned the tower during peak visiting periods. In addition to the display panels, and the lookout, the film "Change of Pace" was projected. The Forest Service also participated in numerous teachers' conventions, fall fairs, major exhibitions, and numerous miscellaneous gatherings. The Service's permanent exhibit in the British Columbia Building, Vancouver, was maintained, and during the year it was estimated that more than 100,000 visitors toured the building in which the exhibit is housed. ADVERTISING The Forest Service's paid advertising programme was restricted to a standard campaign of radio announcements over all radio stations in the Province, a series of protection slides over the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Provincial television network, and a limited number of display advertisements which were authorized by the Department of Industrial Development, Trade, and Commerce. Because of its adaptability, radio continues to be the communication media most utilized by the Service for paid advertising. Fortunately the Province's radio industry, which is made up of 34 radio stations, has been extremely generous in supplementing the more than 3,000 announcements sponsored by the Forest Service. The standard radio campaign was composed of one-minute taped announcements which were scheduled for broadcast each Friday, Saturday, and Sunday during the months of July and August. Special hazard flashes were prepared and made available to each station and, because of the extreme 1967 fire season, the Ranger staff made full use of this special allotment. In co-operation with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, a series of slides was prepared and broadcast in prime viewing time during the months of July and August. Unfortunately, television advertising is expensive, and the Forest Service's restricted budget makes it impossible to take advantage of this medium for broadcasting protection messages. Again it was because of the excellent public service attitude of the television industry that a good number of forest-protection announcements were televised during the summer. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 33 FOREST MANAGEMENT DIVISION Total production for 1967 dropped 1.8 per cent from the record high set in 1966. A breakdown of the production figures by forest districts, however, shows that while the scale was down in some districts, new records were set in others. In the Interior of the Prince Rupert Forest District, the timber scale increased 21 per cent, and production in the Prince George Forest District rose approximately 7V_t per cent. At the same time, production in the Kamloops and Nelson Forest Districts fell approximately 9 per cent and 22 per cent respectively. These variations are attributed to the fact that the heavy fire season hit hardest in the southern portion of the Province, and to the I.W.A. strike, which was confined almost entirely to the Southern Interior. Production of Douglas-fir fell off sharply, and the volumes of cedar and spruce also showed a decline. On the other hand, lodgepole pine, hemlock, and balsam continued the increase noted in 1966. The increase is largely attributed to pulp- mill demands. It is interesting to note that the scale from Crown-granted lands, timber licences, leases, berths, etc., which carry relatively low fixed rates or no rates at all, rose by nearly 15,000,000 cubic feet. At the same time, the scale from Crown lands under timber sales, tree-farm licences, etc., which carry appraised rates, dropped 44,000,000 cubic feet. In the spring of 1967, the logging industry was introduced to the new concept of the timber sale harvesting licence. The principal objective of this form of licence is to permit the operator to play a larger role in the management of the public sustained-yield unit and at the same time provide him with as much flexibility as possible. Basically, to obtain a timber sale harvesting licence, an operator must be prepared to make available his total allowable annual cut in a unit. The licence, which is advertised in the usual manner, with bidding protection, is for a 10-year period and provides the licensee with the right to apply for cutting permits in accordance with his allowable annual cut and with an approved development plan prepared and submitted by him. In the Kamloops Forest District, the " Mag " fire covered some 52,000 acres and burned an estimated 45,000,000 cubic feet of Crown timber and 3,000,000 cubic feet of private timber. Of this volume, 27,000,000 cubic feet of salvage timber were sold under timber sale licences. A further 11,000,000 cubic feet of fire-damaged timber were also sold, covering most of the other fires which had salvable volumes. MARKET PRICES AND STUMPAGE TRENDS Lumber Prices The demand for lumber, which had fallen off in the last quarter of 1966, firmed up early in 1967 and selling prices started to increase. By mid-year the selling prices reported to the Forest Service by the mills in the Interior had recovered from the late 1966 decline. The market remained firm throughout 1967, and selling prices continued to increase, to establish new high levels by the end of the year. Production during the last quarter was curtailed by the strike which closed some of the mills in the Central and Southern Interior regions for periods up to three months, carrying over into the new year at some plants in the Southern Interior. The loss in lumber production resulting from this strike may possibly have contributed to the high selling prices that were being received at the end of the year. It is 34 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES unlikely, however, that that loss would have that much significance in the total market, and, at the year's end, it was anticipated prices would stabilize for a time at the present level. 1967 Uncorrected Quarterly Average Dressed-lumber Prices (Interior) Jan.-Mar. Apr.- Tune July-Sept. Oct.-Dec.i Species Basis MB.M. Average Price Basis MB.M. Average Price Basis MB.M. Average Price Basis M B.M. Average Price 114,695 299,594 19,608 15,887 2,047 2,211 $63.38 62.27 63.14 60.45 106.45 66.17 176,682 366,550 20,338 26,888 5,249 8,546 $67.07 64.55 67.88 67.32 111.07 63.49 190,778 374,456 17,334 25,146 6,390 10,841 $71.65 67.49 69.71 71.63 107.08 68.07 45,324 195,289 3,619 7,104 $74.86 Spruce Cedar 67.98 69.85 70.68 White pine— 1 The figures for the fourth quarter reflect the effect of the strike in the Southern Interior. No collections were made from this area during this period. Log Prices The selling prices for logs in the Howe Sound market, which had fallen sharply in the last quarter of 1966, recovered in the second quarter of 1967 and remained high for the balance of the year. 1967 Quarterly Average Log Prices per M B.M. (Howe Sound Market) No. 3 GRADE Species Jan.-Mar. Apr-June July-Sept. Oct.-Dec. Fir Cedar $62.70 40.96 50.40 41.47 50.52 43.06 $64.08 44.34 55.28 39.45 53.49 45.28 $62.87 45.60 57.55 40.67 56.20 43.63 $64.08 44.55 58.87 Balsam ._ Spruce White pine 41.87 57.60 43.36 ALL GRADES Fir _ Cedar $74.39 47.67 52.14 51.72 61.68 48.86 $76.00 50.65 57.65 56.89 61.59 50.25 $78.52 50.70 59.39 58.32 64.46 49.12 $78.09 51.30 60.71 Balsam Spruce.— .. ..... 59.15 63.99 48.43 Stumpage Prices The average stumpage price bid for Crown timber was $3.21 per 100 cubic feet. The timber included those licences that required operation to the close- utilization standard, where the price is established by pro-rating the appraised rate with a standard 55 cents rate for the close-utilization component. Also included were those sales sold at " salvage value only " rates. This price was significantly below the 1966 figure of $4.25 per 100 cubic feet. Average figures for the years 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, and 1965 were $2.53, $3.01, $3.36, $4.09, and $4.20 respectively. The weighted average stumpage price per 100 cubic feet bid for licences in the Interior fell from $3.72 to $2.58. The comparable average price for licences on the Coast fell from $6.76 to $6.03. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 35 The two factors which have the greatest influence on the appraisal of the value of the timber are the estimated cost of conversion and the value of the products. The sale value of the products must cover all conversion costs; that is, the cost of extraction and processing, including stumpage, and a reasonable profit. Therefore, it follows that, after provision has been made for anticipated costs and a reasonable profit, the remaining portion of the sale value is the indicated or appraised stumpage value. With this system of appraisal, a small change in selling price, or in the estimated cost of conversion, has a substantial effect on the stumpage value. This reduction in the bid prices during 1967 resulted from the low selling prices for logs on the Coast and dressed lumber in the Interior that were applicable for stumpage appraisals in the first half of the year. It also resulted from the effect on operating costs of the cost inflation that occurred during 1966. The average stumpage prices per 100 cubic feet for all species, including close utilization and salvage wood, was $6.09 for the Coast, down from $6.76 in 1966; and $3.10 for the Interior, down from $4.21 in 1966. See Table No. 67 in the Appendix. Stumpage Adjustment The schedule system of stumpage adjustment, which provides for a change in rate whenever the selling price changes by at least $5 from the selling price on which the last effective rate was based, which has been offered as an option to the older sliding-scale method of stumpage adjustment in November 1, 1966, was made obligatory for use with all timber sale licences sold after March 1, 1967. The sliding-scale system will be continued for the term of existing licences, along with the option to convert to the schedule method. During 1967 there were 2,148 downward adjustments—1,747 under the sliding-scale method and 401 under the schedule method. These downward adjustments occurred during the first half of the year. Subsequently there were 4,300 upward adjustments—2,131 under the sliding-scale method and 2,169 under the schedule method. The stumpage pricing system is now very sensitive to fluctuations in selling price and, with the provision for reassessment of operating costs every two years, which is a part of the schedule method, stumpage rates payable and, consequently, forest revenues are very vulnerable to changes in costs and prices. PEACE RIVER FLOOD BASIN During the year two salvage sales were issued in the Finlay River area of the flood basin, involving approximately 40,000,000 cubic feet. Good logging conditions prevailed during the year, and production showed a very considerable increase over previous years. The total volume scaled for 1967 was 26,552,000 cubic feet, compared to the 14,890,000 cubic feet scaled in 1966. COLUMBIA FLOOD BASIN The Duncan Dam was completed and the lake-level raised during the year, and there were no timber salvage operations conducted. British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority commenced a driftwood-disposal programme. Timber salvage operations within the proposed High Arrow flood basin were completed for the most part in 1966, and only a relatively minor volume of clean-up was recorded in 1967. A total of 72,137 cubic feet was scaled, compared to over 1,000,000 feet in 1966. Clearing operations carried out under contracts let by 36 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority progressed very well, and good burning results were obtained toward the end of the fire season. In the Mica Dam flood area, the production figure of 6,047,246 cubic feet was less than a third of the 1966 production. This drop was largely due to the fact that the more accessible and higher-grade stands have already been logged. CLOSE UTILIZATION The close-utilization policy, introduced at the beginning of 1966, requires that either the round log be delivered to a pulp-mill or the sawmill processing the log be equipped with a barker and chipper so that the chips can be made available to a pulp-mill. Thus close utilization is dependent upon the demand for supplies by the pulp-mill industry. Plans for the establishment of pulp-mills in several areas of the Province have been held up temporarily for various reasons. As a result, close-utilization timber sales are almost entirely confined to the Prince George and Kamloops Forest Districts. In the Prince George District, 56 sales were issued on a close-utilization basis out of a total of 246 sales awarded during the year. In the Kamloops District, 22 new close-utilization sales were awarded and 32 existing sales were converted to close-utilization standards. In the Vancouver Forest District, 23 existing contracts were amended and five new ones were issued to close-utilization standards. Twelve tree-farm licences are now wholly or partly operating to close-utilization standards. This is double the number for 1966. As previously mentioned, close utilization requires the installation of barkers and chippers. This has been responsible in large part for the steady increase in the number of barkers and chippers. There are now 197 mills with chippers, and 164 with barkers. The reported production of chips in the Prince George District during the year was approximately 500,000 bone-dry units. In the Kamloops District, production was estimated at 485,000 units. SUSTAINED-YIELD PROGRAMME Public Sustained-yield Units There were no major changes in public sustained-yield units during the year. There were some minor changes in productive acreages and mature volumes, but these resulted from completion of new inventories for some units. Pulp Harvesting Forests The number of pulp harvesting forests remained unchanged, at a total of 21. Tree-farms The number of certified tree-farms dropped by one during the year to 45. Of this number, it is interesting to note that 34 are in the Vancouver Forest District and that 11 of these are included within tree-farm licences. Although the number of tree-farms decreased, the total estimated productive capacity rose 29 per cent. This increase was due primarily to several tree-farm licences, which contain tree- farms, being placed on a close-utilization basis and the allowable cuts being recalculated accordingly. Tree-farm Licences The amalgamation of Tree-farm Licences Nos. 28, 29, and 30 was completed on November 23, 1967. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 37 Tree-farm Licence No. 11 was assigned to Boundary Sawmills Ltd. on May 23, 1967. Tree-farm Licence No. 17 was assigned to British Columbia Forest Products Limited on July 31, 1967. SILVICULTURE The stand treatment programme again played an important role in the natural regeneration of British Columbia's forests. Stand treatment was practised by all forest districts, the principal objective being to attain natural regeneration. The cutting methods employed involved strips, groups, patches, or single seed trees. All Interior forest districts were active in developing scarification programmes for seed-bed preparation. In the Prince George Forest District 10,854 acres were scarified, bringing the total acreage scarified to 80,362 acres. The average cost per acre was reduced to $11.39 per acre. Some of the scarification was carried out under contract to the Forest Service, and some was done under the conditions of timber-sale contracts. A site-rehabilitation project was established in a cedar-hemlock type in the Blaeberry River watershed near Golden. A total of 455 acres was cleared before the end of the year by machine. Areas unsuited to mechanical equipment were hand- felled. Further clearing and burning will continue in 1968, with planting scheduled for 1969. SCALING The number of weight-scaling stations in the Interior increased from 37 to 43. The percentage of volume scaled by this method increased accordingly. The number of weigh-scales in each forest district was as follows: Number of Per Cent of Forest District Weigh-scales District Scale Prince Rupert (Interior) 3 C1) Prince George 19 36 Kamloops 16 36 Nelson 5 (i) i Not compiled. Eighty-one scaling licences were issued. In the Coastal region, weight scaling for official purposes was confined to one company. 38 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES GRAZING DIVISION General Conditions The prolonged hot, dry weather which prevailed through most of the forage production period had a profound effect on ranch and range operations. However, there were some compensating factors which, together with considerable adjustment, enabled the range live-stock industry to complete the year in reasonable condition. Supervision of Crown range by the Forest Service suffered to some degree as a result of field-staff preoccupation with the difficult fire situation. Except in the Peace River area, the winter of 1966/67 was moderate, winter feed supplies were adequate, and stock was in generally good condition on being turned out on the range. Range forage production was adversely affected by the weather, particularly at low elevations. Less than normal beef gains were general, but stock was in reasonable condition when removed from most ranges. Hay production was variable, depending on the availability of irrigation, but was of uniformly high quality. Cattle prices averaged a little higher than the previous year. However, labour, machinery, and material costs also continued to rise, and the industry in general is definitely experiencing a cost/price squeeze. Many ranches continue to be uneconomic due to overcapitalization, lack of size, unsuitable location with adverse physical conditions, and lack of range. Suitable ranch labour was difficult to obtain. This situation was accentuated in some areas where casual labour required for haying and similar seasonal activities was engaged in fire-fighting. For the first time in a considerable number of years, the number of cattle on Crown range failed to increase, remaining at approximately the same level as the previous year. Range sheep production again declined and remains an insignificant factor in the use of Crown range. Range On virtually all range types, growth was considerably delayed by low early- season temperatures throughout most of the range country. This was particularly the case in the Peace River area, where the heavy snow pack was very late in disappearing. The delay in spring growth, together with the following drought and high temperatures, seriously reduced forage production on low-elevation ranges, particularly on those in poor condition or on light soils. Some clip plots indicated forage production at only 65 per cent of that for 1966. Moderately stocked ranges in good condition, although overutilized this year, are not expected to suffer any permanent ill effects. Forest and alpine ranges at higher elevations were not so severely affected, and were less so in a northerly direction. For the second year in succession, the severe drought drastically reduced forage production on the seeded pastures in the Peace River area, particularly at Cecil Lake, where use had to be directed to the undeveloped bush areas for a major part of the grazing season. The lack of summer precipitation, following a relatively light snow pack on many ranges, resulted in some normally reliable water sources becoming dry. This created stock distribution problems which resulted in uneven utilization of the ranges involved. Also, the water level in many swamps and ponds was so reduced that they became hazardous mud-holes. Biting insects were particularly numerous in some areas and made live-stock control difficult. Only one or two herds had to be moved as a direct result of the fire situation. However, these and other results of the hot, dry weather made the management of stock particularly difficult on many ranges, and in some cases necessitated early removal. Conversely, on other range: the mild, open fall made final round-up difficult. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 39 On the average, throughout the range area, losses due to toxic plants and predatory animals appeared to be less than normal. However, there were several local areas where particularly severe losses were suffered through plant poisoning. Similarly, bears caused difficulties in several localities, notably the Vernon-Lumby area and the Peace River pastures. Wolves were also a serious problem on the latter. No disease problems necessitating radical changes in range use occurred, but management was disrupted in some areas due to the need to treat animals for various infections, notably infectious pinkeye. Some stock losses through suspected theft were reported. Where rights-of-way remain unfenced, rail and highway accidents involving live stock continued to occur. Although the fencing programme being carried out by the Department of Highways and grazing permittees is improving this situation, a great deal more fencing is required to solve this problem. Hay Hay production was above average where irrigation was practised and water supplies were adequate. Also, many natural meadows, normally flooded during the haying season, dried up sufficiently to permit harvesting for the first time in many years. On the other hand, production on unirrigated hay land was below normal. On balance, winter feed supplies are adequate in all but a few limited areas. Hay quality is particularly high as a result of ideal harvesting conditions. Markets and Prices Cattle prices were variable during the year but averaged higher than in 1966. The weighted average price received by cattlemen through the British Columbia Livestock Producers' Co-operative Association was $22.01 per hundredweight, compared to $20.74 in 1966, a rise of $1.27. Reliable average price figures for sheep and lambs marketed from the range area are no longer available. RANGE MANAGEMENT A higher level of management is required than that now being practised on most Crown ranges. Associated land uses are increasing in intensity, making improved forage and stock management practices mandatory to avoid conflicts. Further, the demand for range land for totally incompatible uses, such as residential and industrial sites, is rising. The total area available for grazing is thus decreasing. Most Crown ranges are stocked to capacity under present levels of management, and the demand for use exceeds properly allowable limits in most areas. This situation, more than any other, is responsible for the lack of increased use this year. The productive potential of a range is normally limited by uncontrollable factors such as soil quality and climate. However, even on range sites in their natural condition, how much of the potential can be safely harvested on a sustained-yield basis depends to a large degree on how and when the forage is utilized. Furthermore, manipulation of the plant cover by introducing superior species or by removing unproductive plants to more closely approach the forage-producing potential is possible in many situations. In some cases, even the site factors may be altered by such practices as fertilization and water-spreading—-a rough form of irrigation. The extent to which range management and development practices can be applied is, of course, limited by both economic feasibility and available technical knowledge. However, there is no doubt that, at this time, there is sufficient knowledge available which, if applied, would considerably increase forage production and utilization on an economic basis on most Crown ranges. Progress toward this goal continues to be retarded by a shortage of staff for range management and develop- 40 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES ment planning and for carrying out a programme to develop the necessary knowledge on the part of range users. Also a deterrent is the lack of long-term land-use planning, which results in range units being dismembered. Nevertheless, some progress is being made, and there is a rapidly growing interest on the part of grazing permittees. During the year, range readiness and growth progress observations were extended to new areas and continued in others. On the basis of such studies, turnout dates were adjusted on several ranges. A two-week delay in turnout date in the southerly portion of the East Kootenay Valley was successfully implemented. This undoubtedly will result in improved forage production and ultimately make possible increased rates of stocking. Range inspections were made and management plans developed for a number of ranges and discussed with permittees. An increased number of joint field investigations with other agencies were carried out to determine the effect on other land uses, particularly wildlife and coniferous regeneration. Grazing use was modified where desirable. Numerous slide talks on range management themes were given at association meetings and other gatherings of range users. Range Surveys As a necessary prelude to intensified range management and improvement, a considerably expanded range survey programme was undertaken in 1967. Field work undertaken covered the West Pavilion Unit, Lillooet Stock Range; Coutlee Plateau Unit, Nicola Stock Range; and Tatton, Dingwall, and McKinley Units, Lac la Hache Stock Range. Field work was commenced but not completed on the Big Creek and Inonoaklin Stock Ranges and the Coldwater-Iron Mountain Unit of Nicola Stock Range. Maps and reports were in preparation during the latter part of the year. Range Improvements During 1967, $89,104.57 was spent from the Range Improvement Fund. Material to the value of $17,268.87 was on hand at the beginning of the year, and material valued at $20,912.70 remained on hand and not assigned to projects at the end of the year. Net assistance to the range improvement programme thus was $85,460.74, the highest of any year to date. During the year, emphasis was placed on field investigations and planning necessary for an intensified improvement programme. The following projects, chargeable wholly or in part to the Fund, were constructed or extensively rehabilitated: 24 cattle-guards, 40 drift fences, 1 holding- ground, 1 mud-hole fence, 15 stock trails, 22 water developments, 1 weed control, and numerous range seedings. In addition, a number of projects of a trial nature were undertaken and are referred to later in this section. Permittees also contributed extensively to most of the projects listed above, mainly in the form of labour. In addition, the following projects were authorized for construction entirely at. permittee expense: 3 breeding-pastures, 2 cattle-guards, 10 corrals, 20 drift fences, 4 special-purpose enclosures, 1 holding-ground, 1 pasture development, 8 stock trails, and 5 water developments. The special trial projects, referred to above, included the use of fire in an effort to control both sagebrush and bitter-brush. Trials were also carried out to determine the practicability of controlling various species of brush and weeds by chemical sprays, under range conditions. Much basic data is available on both the use of fire and chemicals, but many practical problems remain to be solved in connection with their effective and safe use under range conditions in this Province. Measures to control beaver, which are causing flooding of many valuable meadows, were also REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 41 undertaken in two areas. These show initially promising results. Fertilizer application, on a practical scale, was undertaken on one site in the East Kootenay Valley. Again initial results are promising, but the economic feasibility of this practice will depend on the carry-over effect of the fertilizer to future years. Studies on improvements to various types of range structures, such as cattle-guards and fences, were continued. In all of the above work there was close collaboration with other divisions of the Forest Service and outside agencies, notably the Fish and Wildlife Branch. The range seeding programme involved the use of 54,465 pounds of grass and legume seed in 1967, compared to 52,080 pounds in 1966. The bulk of this seed, 41,565 pounds, was sown on denuded ground resulting from logging and other industrial activity on Crown range. The remainder, 12,900 pounds, was aerially seeded on 2,150 acres of useable Crown range which had been devastated by fire. With the exception of the aerial seeding, most seeding was undertaken by cooperating permittees with seed, equipment, and supervision being supplied by the Service. Owing to weather conditions, only a minor amount of seeding on depleted grassland was undertaken using the Rangeland drill. Observations indicated that the extreme drought conditions had a severely adverse effect on the dry range seed- ings undertaken in 1966. Even if not destroyed, these earlier seedings will be seriously delayed in reaching full establishment. Peace River Pastures Seven developed or partially developed pastures were in operation in 1967. Improved pasture, resulting from past clearing, breaking, and seeding, is confined to 4,800 acres on three pastures. Two other pastures have extensive structural improvements, such as fencing, trails, and water developments. The remaining two have only a small amount of fencing designed to hold stock on parts of them. No further improved pasture was developed during the year. However, 17 miles of new or replacement fencing and 27 miles of trail were built. One new corral was constructed and another extended. Three new stock-watering dugouts were established. Existing improvement structures received normal maintenance. A total of $23,834.44 was spent on this work. In addition, an uneconomic farm unit in the centre of the Groundbirch Pasture was purchased under the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act, with the Federal Government bearing half the cost of $7,500. This will simplify the management of this pasture and increase its value considerably. As indicated earlier, extremely dry conditions greatly reduced forage production, particularly on the cultivated portion of the Cecil Lake Pasture, where stock had to be confined to the bush areas for a substantial part of the grazing season. On all other pastures, feed was more than adequate for the stock offered. For the first time, stock was confined entirely to the cultivated portion of the Beatton-Doig Pasture. Brush regeneration on the developed pastures continues to be a problem, and plans were formulated for a control programme with the co-operation of the Beaverlodge Research Station. In 1967, 90 permittees grazed 2,129 cattle and 53 horses within pasture projects, compared to 78 permittees, 2,091 cattle, and 39 horses the previous year. The small increase, which was very much less than anticipated, is the result of a number of factors. Most permittees or potential permittees are conducting mixed- farming enterprises involving relatively small herds of cattle which, more often than not, are a minor part of their operations. They can get into and out of stock relatively easily. Two successive years of extremely severe winters and dry summers 42 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES have resulted in many of these operators going out of cattle temporarily owing to winter feeding difficulties. Also, many grain crops were so unpromising that they were grazed by stock which would otherwise have been in the pasture projects. However, a return to normal conditions, together with the continuing decrease in Crown range available outside of the pastures, undoubtedly will result in increased demand for pasture use. Pasture managers again were employed in three pastures. Permittees paid an assessment, in addition to grazing fees, for the herding services supplied by the Forest Service. CO-OPERATION There now are 66 range live-stock associations recognized under the provisions of the Grazing Act. These organizations continue to be the best means of maintaining the necessary liaison between the Forest Service and range users. During the year, a total of 206 association or sub-group meetings were attended by Forest Officers to discuss range management and improvement problems. The boundaries of several association areas were extended to include formerly unorganized range units. Close contact was maintained with the British Columbia Beef Cattle Growers' Association on subjects of industry-wide importance, notably in connection with the revised scale of grazing fees and broad planning for the implementation of more intensive range management and development. The association continues to actively promote improved range practices by member associations. The British Columbia Livestock Producers' Co-operative Association again supplied the live-stock price figures necessary for the sliding scale of fees. This producer-owned marketing agency sold approximately 43,200,000 pounds of beef animals from the range area during the year. The Forest Service also enjoyed excellent co-operation from, and working arrangements with, a considerable number of Provincial and Federal agencies in connection with a variety of range problems. ADMINISTRATION Although the use of Crown range for grazing purposes remained virtually static in 1967, the administrative load increased. This was due to a continued intensification of associated and often conflicting uses of the same land, such as for watershed, timber production, wildlife, and general recreation purposes. During the year, increased consultation and correspondence with the other responsible agencies and the public were necessary to minimize resulting conflicts. Numerous outside influences, such as heavier traffic requiring the control of stock drift on to highways, added to the complexity of administration. Unplanned land settlement was an increasing problem. Throughout the main range area there is little Crown land suitable for a form of agriculture not dependent on the use of Crown range. However, there are many areas, such as natural meadows, which appear to prospective settlers to be suitable for development as the nuclei for new ranching operations. Almost invariably, these areas are already fully used by existing ranch operators for summer grazing and are usually only marginally suitable for cultivation and settlement owing to altitude, insufficient size, and isolation. Alienation of such areas depletes the already inadequate range at the expense of existing operators. Further, even if a new settler does manage to produce some winter feed and acquire stock, he cannot be accommodated on the reduced Crown range, which is a vital necessity for the success of his operation. Land settlement under these circumstances can only lead to bitter frustration for the settler REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 43 and financial disaster for the ranching industry. A disproportionate amount of time and effort was required during the year in gathering data to support recommendations against a large number of such land applications. A drastically revised approach to this problem is required. The heavy fire season seriously interfered with range administration. The Ranger staff, which normally carries out supervision of improvement projects, enforcement of grazing-permit conditions, and related field duties, was often unavailable for this work for prolonged periods in some areas. In a few instances, staff initially assigned to special grazing duties had to be diverted to protection work. The relatively late onset of winter conditions permitted an extended field season, but compensated only in part. Early in the year, the Grazing Regulations were revised to provide for a higher scale of grazing fees. Although the industry in general appreciated that an upward adjustment was required, considerable consultation and correspondence on the subject was necessary to fully explain the various factors involved. Increased range surveys and preliminary planning for an enlarged improvement programme added to the administrative load. Grazing Permits During 1967, 2,114 grazing permits were issued, authorizing the depasturing of 188,126 cattle, 6,837 horses, and 6,272 sheep on Crown ranges. Both the number of permits issued and cattle covered show a slight decrease from 1966 figures. The number of horses represents a 4-per-cent increase, and the number of sheep a further sharp reduction from the previous year. (See Table No. 81 in the Appendix. ) Expressed as animal unit months, the equivalent of one mature cow on the range for one month, total use authorized for all classes of stock amounted to 866,539 animal unit months, virtually the same as the previous year. Hay Permits The harvesting of hay from natural meadows on Crown range increased during 1967, the first such increase in a considerable number of years. This was due to the extremely dry weather, causing reduced water levels on many meadows normally flooded during the haying season. At the same time, some ranchers, depending on unirrigated hay lands, were short of winter feed and took advantage of the opportunity to increase supplies. During the year, 212 permits were issued, authorizing the harvesting of 2,208 tons of hay. Grazing Fees Except for developed pastures in the Peace River area, grazing fees per head per month were 41 cents for cattle, 51 Vi cents for horses, and 10V4 cents for sheep. These fees represent an increase of 24 cents for cattle, 30% cents for horses, and 6% cents for sheep. This large increase, more than double, resulted from the implementation of a new fee structure effective March 1st, and also reflected an appreciable improvement in market conditions in 1966. Grazing fees are on a sliding scale, related to prices received by producers the previous year. Under the old structure, a base fee of 5 cents for cattle was related to a base market price of $5.12 per hundredweight for this class of stock. The fee for sheep was on a separate scale, related to sheep prices. The fee for horses was \XA times that for cattle. Under the new structure, a base fee of 10 cents for cattle is related to a base market price of $5 per hundredweight. The separate scale for sheep was abandoned owing to the lack of reliable market price information on this L 44 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES class of stock, and the fee for sheep is now one-quarter that for cattle, as calculated annually. The fee for horses remains 1 Va that for cattle. A separate scale of fees is in effect for the fenced and reserved pastures in the Peace River area. These fees are not on a sliding scale and remained at the rate of 50 cents per head per month for cattle, 62V_t cents for horses, and 12Vi cents for sheep for natural forage; and $1 per head per month for cattle, $1.25 for horses, and 25 cents for sheep on cultivated pasture. Control and Enforcement Although most range users appreciate the need for regulations and grazing- permit conditions designed to maintain the forage and associated resources of Crown range, there is still an unfortunate number who fail to comply unless a close check is maintained. To meet this situation, as many stock counts and range inspections as possible were carried out during the year. Approximately the usual number of infractions were discovered. In most cases a warning was sufficient to correct the situation. However, it was necessary to take direct action to remove 82 cattle and 145 horses grazing in trespass. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 45 ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION ENGINEERING SURVEYS The drainage areas and their corresponding regulation units studied under the development engineering programme are listed in Table No. 91 in the Appendix. In many areas, logging and administrative road development has produced a complex of roads, and studies of these road networks to evaluate road condition and status to permit logical assignment of development priority formed a major part of this year's studies. Some 2,800 miles of existing roads were evaluated during the field season. Engineering crews located 68 miles of forest road as a basis for the preparation of designs and estimates. In addition, these crews carried out re-establishment of some existing survey and reconnaissance lines to up-date them to present requirements, and undertook special site surveys for several bridges, forest-road junctions with highways, and railroad crossings. In addition to the regular programme, personnel carried out detailed survey work to provide initial control and " as-built" plans for several of the new forest nurseries. During critical phases of the fire season, they assisted the staff of the Kamloops and Nelson Forest Districts by locating fire access roads. Continuing assistance was provided to the other divisions and districts in the statusing, research, and acquisition of land and water areas for Departmental use. This has included purchase and lease or permissions under the various Acts and regulations governing this aspect of administration. The use of air-photo interpretation for pre-field studies and for control of field work is being given continuing emphasis in order to minimize field investigations as much as practical. DESIGN Designs, drawings, and specifications were prepared for seven pressure- creosoted timber bridges. These included two for the Chilcotin South Forest Road, one for the Suskwa Forest Road, one for the Nicoamen River in Kamloops Forest District, and three in the Prince George area. Designs were also completed for a helicopter boom for fixed-airbase aerial photography, a lookout tower for display at the Pacific National Exhibition, and an earth dam for water storage at the Red Rock Forest Nursery. FOREST MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING Site preparation work on navigation channels and shoreline access within the area to be flooded by the W. A. C. Bennett Dam continued and was concentrated in the Finlay River and Peace River reaches of the future lake. Some 14,560 acres were treated during the year, most of which were only accessible by river or by aircraft. The Department's own crews worked over 9,020 acres, and 5,540 acres were prepared by contract. Keen competition brought low bids on most contracts to below Departmental estimates. Favourable conditions in spring and in fall permitted burning of 3,100 acres of tree-crusher slash and 3,575 acres of windrowed non-merchantable material. Other special assignments included the Stellako River log drive, organized and carried out by Division personnel to assist in a study of multiple use of this river, and a study of the Province-wide communications requirements of the Forest Service, with special emphasis on the place of the radio network. In addition, field 46 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES studies and inspections connected with the administration of timber sales and their access continued to increase in number and complexity. Site preparation work on navigation channels and shoreline access within the area to be flooded by the W. A. C. Bennett Dam continued during 1967. Photograph shows the main channel looking north on the Finlay River. The Division is making considerable use of the computer facilities provided by the Department of Industrial Development, Trade, and Industry, and several programmes prepared by Division staff are operational. Programmes in preparation or under revision include site preparation for the rehabilitation of forest land, simulation of truck performance on forest roads, and design of forest roads. ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE The Bench Creek Forest Road was completed as part of the programme of the construction of 49.6 miles of road. This work, on seven projects, included the erection of six bridges and the excavation and movement of 1,262,000 cubic yards of common material and 119,000 cubic yards of solid rock. The exceptionally dry weather experienced this summer assisted crews in the Prince George area to complete 9 miles on the Bowron River Forest Road, but the work programme on the Chilliwack River Forest Road, Vancouver Forest District, was retarded because of the forest closure. The largest permanent bridges ever designed by the Forest Service were erected during the year. The longest, 306 feet in over-all length, with a deck elevation 85 feet above normal water level, was placed across the Chilcotin River on the Chilcotin South Forest Road, south of Riske Creek. The bridge is made up of eight approach spans 22 feet long and a centre span 130 feet long. Main piers for the bridge are of reinforced concrete, 30 feet high, designed to avoid interference with existing fish ladders and fish migration. A single-span bridge was erected across the Bulkley River on the Suskwa River Forest Road, east of Hazelton. Girders for this bridge are 151 feet long, the longest fabricated for the Forest Service to date. The Lillooet River on the Harrison North Forest Road was crossed by a bridge consisting of one 24-foot approach span and one 120-foot main span. The remaining bridges have spans of 90 feet or less. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 47 Some problems were encountered in transporting the longer girders to the work areas. A girder for the Chilcotin River bridge was damaged as the supplier was loading it on to a rail car in Vancouver, and two girders for the Bulkley River The largest permanent bridges ever designed by the British Columbia Forest Service were erected during the year. The longest, 306 feet in over-all length, was this one, placed across the Chilcotm River on the Chilcotin South Forest Road south of Riske Creek. bridge were damaged while being moved to the bridge-site. Although all three girders had to be replaced, completion of each bridge was delayed less than a month and the damaged girders have been salvaged for use in other structures. Structural maintenance was carried out on 870 miles of previously constructed road. The resurfacing programme for placing crushed rock and gravel on selected forest roads, commenced several years ago, was postponed due to other work of higher priority. BUILDING AND MARINE SERVICES The work load in this area of Division activity showed a continuing increase in both volume and dollar value. These increases reflected the accelerated programme of forest nursery expansion, the continuing design, acquisition, and maintenance of buildings, trailers, and marine craft, and the increasing costs of building construction and materials. Investigation of new products and processes continued as an essential adjunct to selecting and ordering materials for Forest Service use. In conjunction with this, material and fabrication inspections were carried out on seven major bridges, six buildings, and a camera boom to be used on helicopters. 48 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES A number of books and papers dealing with technical subjects were added to the Division library. Building Construction The year's primary programme included contracts for new administration and residential buildings for Ranger headquarters at Mica, a combination administrative and laboratory building at the Red Rock Nursery, renovations at the Forest Service training-school to supply additional facilities, a 50-per-cent increase in the capacity of the seed extraction plant at the Duncan Nursery, and continuation of the renovation and maintenance programme at the Forest Service Maintenance Depot. Drawings and documents were completed for a new Ranger administrative and residential complex at Fauquier. The new stations at Mica and Fauquier will replace those at Arrowhead and Edgewood, which will be flooded by the lake which will form behind the High Arrow Dam. Services to other divisions and the forest districts included consultation and preparation of preliminary designs and estimates for proposed developments and building projects, preparation of technical data, designs and ordering of materials for use by forest district crews in the erection of residences and other miscellaneous buildings. Tenders were called for the administration buildings at Gold River, but, on the basis of the bids received, it was decided to review the proposals and to defer the project. In all, 79 contracts covering major and minor contracts were awarded during the year. Water Supply and Irrigation Two major projects are under way at the Campbell River and Red Rock Nurseries. The water supply and irrigation systems for these two nurseries were designed by a firm of consulting engineers so as to be capable of providing water when the nurseries reach their maximum production. Several smaller systems for the supply of domestic water to a number of establishments and five small irrigation systems were designed and installations completed. The earth-fill dam required to create the irrigation reservoir for the Red Rock Nursery was constructed. Marine Activities The programme of up-dating the water fleet to provide more economical, efficient, and comfortable units is continuing. Two flat-bottom craft, 26 feet and 30 feet, were constructed to commercially available design which incorporates the provision of a shelter cabin for service where the operation areas include large windswept lakes. One northern lake and five coastal Ranger stations have been equipped with fast trailer-borne, deep-vee, sea-going runabout hulls powered with twin outboard engines. The first summer's operation of this type of craft indicates they can replace slower medium-sized displacement launches, which are becoming more costly to own and operate and require marine wharfage facilities. The new Ranger vessel " Coast Ranger," designed for service in exposed northern coastal waters, has completed sea trials and will be assigned in the new year. To ensure that crews are familiar with the emergency raft equipment on seagoing vessels, the self-inflating life-rafts have been demonstrated to the crews on the occasion of the annual refit. In line with continuing evaluation of vessel performance, marine stability experts were consulted about the M.V. "Forest Surveyor" and, on their recommendation, additional ballast was placed in the vessel prior to a summer's work in Queen Charlotte Islands waters. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 49 A study is continuing on the possible merits of air-cushion vehicles as a means of marine travel for sheltered coastal water, major lakes, and rivers. Mechanical Section The interest in two-wheel-drive pick-up trucks, evident in 1966, has continued, and this type of unit, optionally fitted with low-profile canopies and electric winches, is replacing the more expensive station-wagon and panel types, and, in some instances, four-wheel-drive units. The change in ownership has resulted in a general increase of 20 units. In detail, four-wheel-drive units have decreased by six, V2- to %-ton pick-up trucks have increased by 32, total passenger- and panel-type units have decreased by nine, and the number of heavy trucks has increased by four units. The number of trail motor-cycles has increased by nine units to 119, and ownership of snow toboggans has increased from 20 to 34 units. This latter increase indicates continuing development of their application to winter field work. Chain saws, particularly those in the light-weight category, were in great demand during the height of the fire season, with 68 being purchased primarily for immediate use on fire-lines. This emergency situation was also reflected in purchasing of 97 fire-pumps, mainly for the Kamloops and Nelson Forest Districts. Changes in types of heavy equipment, resulting in a net increase of two tractors, included the purchase of five new tractors, of which three were farm type for use by the Reforestation Division, and two were track-type units in the 270-horse- power range for forest road construction. In addition, three new graders were purchased, two of which were for the Engineering Division and one for the Kamloops Forest District, and an 18-yard elevating-type scraper was purchased for road construction on the Chilcotin South Forest Road. Improvements in fabrication of fire-retardant mixers continued with the incorporation of a new type of high-shear impeller in two new mixer units. The new impeller proved very effective, but required an engine of 175 to 200 horsepower to deliver the power for quick efficient mixing. The construction of these two units brings the total of the various types of mixers in operation to 15 units. Evaluation of new types of equipment continued with inspection of several types of light-weight " go anywhere " type vehicles which are equipped with tracks or low-pressure tires. Increasing interest in the use of such units resulted in purchasing two for field-use studies. The recently developed tractor-mounted hydraulic tree shear was used for site preparation in conjunction with the current programme on the Finlay River area of the flood-area of the W. A. C. Bennett Dam. It proved very successful in the conditions on that site. A mechanical course for the basic class at the Forest Service training-school was again handled by Victoria and district mechanical personnel. FOREST SERVICE MAINTENANCE DEPOT The establishment of a common trades structure for the craftsmen within the Forest Service Maintenance Depot was finalized early in 1967. This action has ensured a flexibility of the work force with a continued improvement in efficiency and economy of production. The major portion of extensions and improvements to the various shops and facilities was finalized, thus completing much of the planned programme of over-all change. Marine Work New construction again highlighted the year's work with completion of the 50-foot " Coast Ranger." In addition, two smaller 30-foot craft of a new design, 50 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES known as " Texas " dories, were constructed and delivered to the northern part of the Province. Continuing overhaul of marine craft included extensive refits on several vessels for a total of 50 overhauls. In addition, repair work was completed on a further 57 units, including small boats, barges, and boat trailers. Prefabrication and Carpentry Shop The major portion of the year's programme concentrated on the rebuilding, repair, or reconditioning of 23 Porta-buildings and trailers. A number of items, such as crates, engine boxes, and signs, were produced, totalling 625 pieces. Other projects completed included five lookout buildings, six sets of lookout furniture, 16 truck pick-up boxes and backboards, and assistance with the erection of the display fire lookout tower at the Pacific National Exhibition. Mechanical Work The engine repair-shop work load continued at a high level, with a total of 567 pumps, light plants, outboards, marine engines, and chain saws being overhauled, crated, and shipped. In addition, 223 new units were tested and shipped to the forest districts. The machine-shop produced a great variety of specialized items, including hand-winches, brackets, fire-pump accessories, fire-hose couplings, nozzles, relief valves, and other assemblies, clamps, and miscellaneous items required for the repair of boats and launches. At times the emergency demands on servicing and shipping facilities, caused by the extreme fire season, disrupted the normal programme. For example, about 60 miles of fire-hose were fitted with couplings and forwarded to the forest districts. The heavy-equipment shop provided regular maintenance for five truck tractors and 17 trailer units, and periodic maintenance for two compressor-equipped tractors, two graders, and a front-end loader. Also overhauled were 35 vehicles, eight electric power plants, two scrapers, and two grid rollers. Major fabrication included the building of components and their installation in a light-plant trailer, outfitting two fuel-service trucks, and making up three fuel-tank trailers. In addition, a variety of specialized heavy-duty welding, manufacture of specialized bridge hardware, and other similar work was completed. Transport Pool and Warehousing The transport pool continued to operate three diesel-powered 30-ton tractor- trailer trucks and two 5-ton gasoline units. Transportation services were provided to 23 projects and various forest districts. The total distance travelled was 150,000 miles on 325 assignments, including the hauling of 2,772 tons of materials and delivery of 43 towed units. The warehouse activities handled a normal work load, shipping and receiving 994 shipments. To achieve an increase in ease of handling and warehousing efficiencies, storage of stock was reviewed and adjusted as required. Depot Maintenance The planned renovation and maintenance programme was carried out in conjunction with regular production. The major portion of this was completed by contract and included the extension to the prefabrication building, which will house the new machine-shop, the extension to the warehouse, and replacement of the main float. Depot personnel carried out general overhaul of depot equipment and facilities, including reconstruction of the centre ways in No. 1 building. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 51 RADIO SECTION Two hundred and nine radio transmitting units of all types were purchased during 1967, compared with 150 during the previous year. Sixty-two obsolete sets were retired, leaving a net increase for the year of 147 units. Virtually all equipment purchased was very high frequency (V.H.F.), 83 per cent of this being portable or mobile. One single sideband transmitter (S.S.B.) was added to the small total of S.S.B. sets now in use. The Department of Transport continued to issue warnings to all radio networks concerning the imminent abondonment of medium frequency (A.M.) transmission, with the request that networks change gradually to single sideband (S.S.B.) now, rather than be forced into the new mode by regulations. While no large-scale effort has been made to date to implement the change to S.S.B., plans have been laid for conversion of at least three forest district headquarters stations to 500-watt single sideband operation, implementation to take place when the Forest Service is advised by the Department of Transport that this power is approved. General policy throughout 1967 has been to hold the line with regard to any kind of communication expansion, purchases being confined entirely to equipment for improved communication in the field. The Vancouver Forest District headquarters station was rebuilt and modernized before the fire season, with much improved results. The district continued to pioneer the use of portable F.M. repeaters for providing fire-line to Ranger station communication. Where used, these were entirely successful, largely because the repeaters were on separate channels and therefore not subject to interference from other district circuits. A portable repeater was established on the 5,000-foot level between Squamish and Pemberton and provided good mobile communication over this route, which is probably the worst source of fire incidence in the forest district. Tests were carried out with a view to improving ship-to-shore communications by the use of F.M. on board to replace the standard A.M. installation. The lack of static pick-up from the vessel's machinery permitted use of the radio while the ship was under way and provided excellent communication when A.M. was completely inoperative. No major projects were carried out in the Prince Rupert Forest District. Single sideband remote receiving facilities at district headquarters were extended to include all necessary channels preparatory to the expected conversion to 500 watts S.S.B. operation. During the severe fire season, communication on several simultaneous fires adjacent to each other was confused by F.M. portable sets having too long a range. To combat the condition of cross-talk between two or more fires, general radio service band portables were used in quantity for the first time, their shorter range confining signals to the fire on which they were being used. In the Prince George Forest District, a repeater was installed on Pink Mountain, providing the connecting link between Nel X repeater at Fort Nelson and Wabi Hill repeater at Chetwynd. Fort Nelson now has F.M. contact with Fort St. John and Prince George during the fire season, the repeater being taken down during the winter. The A.M. unit at Fort Nelson was removed and replaced by a remote- controlled combination A.M.-S.S.B. set. Results were frequently unsatisfactory on A.M., indicating the need for more power over the long distances involved. Plans were made during the year for the conversion of the headquarters station to 500 watts S.S.B., 200 watts A.M. Kamloops communications remain unchanged and gave fairly good service during a bad fire season. The need is still obvious for a completely replanned repeater system as the physical proximity of all the repeaters caused the usual overlap 52 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES problem to mobiles. This was aggravated by the continuing existence of over 50 vehicles still equipped with 1- and 2-watt portables in place of standard 15- to 30- watt mobile transmitters. The plan to fill in radio coverage in the Kaslo-Revelstoke area of the Nelson Forest District by repeaters at Buchanan, Sproat, and Arrowhead did not materialize. Extensive tests were made at these locations, the results being somewhat less than satisfactory but adequate to show that further propagation surveys are justified. A new repeater was installed at Whatshan for the purpose of giving F.M. communication to Edgewood and mobiles in the Edgewood area. It was hoped that some coverage would be extended to Nakusp and New Denver, but, while results to Edgewood were excellent, radio coverage to the Slocan Valley was not obtained. The trunk repeater system installed in 1967 was adjusted throughout the summer to correct circuit and power deficiencies which showed up after a period of use. A.M. communication from forest road camps to Victoria was reduced and, to a great extent, replaced by F.M. common-carrier radio-telephones and mobile radiotelephones on a temporary lease basis. During the summer, Victoria technicians carried out a survey of the Squamish- Pemberton area, overhauled the Nelson repeater system, installed the Wabi Hill- Pink Mountain repeaters, and established new repeaters at Whatshan and at Skog Mountain for the F.M. through circuit from Victoria to the Mile 73 camp on the Parsnip River. Laboratory projects included further development on battery repeaters and different types of remote-control systems. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 53 FOREST PROTECTION DIVISION WEATHER The 1967 fire season, which followed a cool spring, started with heavy precipitation along the Coast and in the Southern Interior. This picture soon changed as the absence of normal June rains throughout the Province ushered in the extended drought conditions that marked the most hazardous fire season in recent years. Although these dry conditions were eased to near normal in the northern half of the Province in June, the hot, dry weather continued in the southern portions until early October. In view of the extended build-up and high-hazard conditions, travel restrictions and industrial closures were implemented in various areas of the Province. The arrival of heavy rains in October broke the drought, allowing the fire season to be terminated officially on October 13, 1967. FIRES Occurrence and Causes This past summer being one of the driest and hottest for such an extended period resulted in a serious increase in the number of fires experienced. The total of 3,216 fires recorded was well above the 10-year average of 2,314. Lightning was again the principal cause, accounting for 29.8 per cent of the fires. This is in marked contrast to the 1966 season, when only 19 per cent of fires were started by lightning. The 10-year average is 35.8 per cent. See Tables Nos. 104, 105, and 109 in the Appendix. This scene is typical of those in which more than 3,000 forest fires were caught and extinguished during the 1967 fire season before they could explode into conflagrations. 54 report of lands, forests, and water resources Cost of Fire-fighting Average fire-suppression cost to the Forest Service was $4,233 per cost fire, compared with $886 the previous year. Total suppression cost for the year was $8,745,800, of which $6,934,500 was accounted for by the Forest Service and $1,811,300 by other agencies. This is an increase of $5,585,400 over the 10-year average. See Tables Nos. 102, 109, and 111 in the Appendix. Damage The 244,483 acres of forest cover burned represented approximately 54 per cent of the 10-year average of 455,814 acres. The damage to forest cover was $4,751,900, compared with the 10-year average of $3,715,500. The increase in the damage is due to many of the more serious fires in logging slash spreading into the adjacent merchantable timber. See Tables Nos. 108 and 110 in the Appendix. PROTECTION PLANNING AND RESEARCH Fire Statistics A major objective of coding forest fires back to 1950, for electronic data-processing applications, was completed in 1967. These data, on a three-card-per-fire basis, after processing in Data Processing Division, will be available for fire research studies and statistical analyses. The severe 1967 fire season greatly increased the volume of annual maintenance of the Provincial Fire Atlas and fire summary book. The fire atlas was widely utilized during the year, and has proved its worth as a useful reference medium in its present overlay form. Visibility Mapping and Lookout Photography One crew, consisting of two forestry students, did the combined work of visibility mapping and lookout photography during the 1967 season. Field examination of 42 possible lookout points was completed. These points were scattered throughout the Province and brought up to date all outstanding requests for individual points to be mapped. In addition, a start was made in detection planning for the Stewart-Cassiar Road system. The programme of taking panoramic photos for all new lookout-sites and the up-dating of old photos was continued, with 19 lookouts being completed. Fuel-moisture Indicator Sticks The spring field test was undertaken at Ashcroft, where weather conditions were more suitable in determining acceptable tolerances on the 100-gram fuel- moisture sticks. Of the 1,018 sets shipped this year, 60 per cent went to industry and the remainder went to the Canada Department of Forestry and Rural Development and to the Forest Service. The co-operation of the Federal forestry department's wood products laboratory at the University of British Columbia in making the kiln and facilities available for this project is gratefully acknowledged. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 55 Insect Survey and Control The balsam woolly aphid (Adelges picea) survey to delineate the general limits of infestation in South-western British Columbia was essentially completed in 1967. Sampling crews thoroughly covered the general area, ranging well beyond the established perimeter of infestation. No new outbreaks were found beyond this 1966 perimeter, although two positive 1966 samples had noticeably increased in size. Additional sampling was done in balsam stands in the Southern Okanagan as a precautionary measure when Adelges picete was identified on ornamental balsams, one infestation being located in Oliver and one in Penticton. No infestation was found in the native stands. Co-operation of the Director of the Forest Research Laboratory in Victoria (Canada Department of Forestry and Rural Development) is acknowledged in allotment of laboratory and office space and in the supplying of technical assistance and advice. Research Projects The severe fire season seriously restricted activities in the field of fire-control research. The lookout-window-tinting programme initiated in 1964 has now been completed and has been well received. The sferics programme has been held in abeyance pending solution to calibration problems which were encountered in the field trials. A drip torch of improved design was produced in quantity and, with a few minor modifications, has been well received. A durable pocket-size fuel-moisture- stick balance has been designed and produced in test quantities, but the results of the field testing have not yet been compiled. The Federal Department of Forestry and Rural Development continued its co-operative danger index investigations, and it is anticipated there will soon be an accurate measure of fire-hazard conditions throughout the Province. Equipment evaluation continued, and the increasing complexities of forest fire control indicate that this field will require an increasing amount of time in the future. FIRE-SUPPRESSION CREWS Fourteen fire-suppression crews of 7 to 12 men each were employed in the three southern forest districts. In addition, two- or three-man crews were employed in about 30 Ranger districts throughout the Province. The crews in all areas were put to good use in fire-control efforts, particularly during the extended drought period with its attendant high fire load and forest- closure problems. See Table No. 115 in the Appendix. AIRCRAFT This was the heaviest year for the use of aircraft in the history of the Forest Service, with over 20,000 hours of air time being logged. Forty-two contract aircraft were available during the peak hazard period. In addition, over 30 aircraft were chartered for various periods. The use of air tankers, particularly those using the long-term fire retardants, was of tremendous assistance to the field staff. The combination of air-tanker initial attack and helicopter transport on remote fires assisted a hard-working field staff to compile a remarkable record of initial attack successes this season. The use of small patrol aircraft also proved its worth in this serious fire season. A well-integrated detection system of lookouts and aircraft is rapidly developing 56 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES throughout the Province and is contributing to a marked decrease in the number of fires reaching a difficult size before being discovered. See Tables Nos. 113 and 114 in the Appendix. ROADS AND TRAILS Due to the heavy fire season, the programme of road and trail construction and maintenance was seriously curtailed, particularly in the Kamloops and Nelson Forest Districts. Prince Rupert Forest District conducted reconstruction work on the Perow and Tintagel plantations, improving access for both protection and management. Further reconstruction was carried out on the Telzato Mountain and Sunset Lake roads. In the Prince George Forest District, new construction was carried out on the boundary road, giving access to the southern portion of Dawson Creek Ranger District by a shorter route within the Province. West of the mountains the McLeod-Tselcok Road was connected from McLeod Lake to the German- sen Road. See Table No. 116 in the Appendix. SLASH AND SNAG DISPOSAL Vancouver Forest District The long hazard build-up in 1967, extending from May through September, resulted in unusual slash-burning conditions over the Vancouver Forest District. The west coast and the northern section had excellent burning weather during July and August, and many operators took advantage of this to clean up their slash areas with good results. Only two escapes occurred, but the damage was slight when compared with the total acreage prepared for planting. During this period the Forest Service successfully burned 270 acres of old slash in the Mackenzie Sound area. Severe drought conditions persisted over the east coast of Vancouver Island from Victoria to Campbell River, the Sunshine Coast south of Lund, and the Squa- mish, Pemberton, and Fraser Valley areas throughout the summer until the first rains fell on September 1st. Drying conditions then returned and, with a forecast of more rain by September 8th, many operators in this general area commenced burning with good results, except on the northerly exposures. Heavy rains fell on September 8th, 9th, and 10th, ending further burning on the west coast of Vancouver Island and the northern areas. By September 12th conditions again appeared favourable and many areas in the southern districts were ignited. By September 15th drought conditions again reached serious levels and many of the burns escaped control. On September 16th the District Forester curtailed further burning in this area, and from then until September 29th both industry and the Forest Service were involved in fire suppression. The escapes covered 20,679 acres, including fringe areas, and caused an estimated total damage of $846,024 (see Table No. 121). Suppression costs were $70,770 to the Forest Service and $636,238 to industry. Factors contributing to these escapes are being given careful study with the view to decreasing this loss in future. The total of 94,136 acres logged in 1967 was down slightly from the 100,000 acres logged the previous year, due to closures imposed during the extreme hazard of the late summer months. The need to discontinue burning in mid-September because of the extreme drought has resulted in a very large acreage of unburned slash being carried over to 1968. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 57 PRESCRIBED BURNS Interior Forest Districts Although the provisions of section 116 of the Forest Act were amended to cover the entire Province in 1967, some time was required to set up operating procedures. Also, it was considered advisable to proceed slowly as many operators were inexperienced in burning and our staff could not provide adequate supervision. The net result was that no " Instructions to Burn " were issued in 1967 under the Act. However, a considerable number of companies were instructed under the burning clauses in their timber-sale contracts. Many of these areas had to be extended to 1968, particularly in the Kamloops Forest District, owing to lack of suitable burning weather caused by the prolonged drought of the past summer. Following is a summary of acres burned by both industry and the Forest Service in the Interior in 1967:— Forest District Forest Service Industry Total Acres 1,832 3,916 2(13 Acres | Acres 3,847 5,679 2,867 1 6,783 ,.8fi. . 3.(177. | I Totals _ 5,951 9.583 1 15.53-. FIRE-LAW ENFORCEMENT Because of the extremely serious fire season, a sharp increase was experienced in prosecutions under Part XI of the Forest Act. A total of 77 informations was laid, of which 43, or 56 per cent, were for contravening a forest closure. The 10-year average for prosecutions numbered 44. FOREST CLOSURES Due to the extreme hazard, it was found necessary to impose six travel and recreational closures, one general closure, and one restricted industrial closure in the Vancouver, Prince George, Kamloops, and Nelson Forest Districts. It was also deemed advisable to suspend campfire permits in Vancouver, Kamloops, and Nelson districts during the height of the hazardous period. Details of closures follow:— Forest Closures, 1967 Area Forest District Type of Closure Effective Date Termination Date Areas 1, 2, 3,4, 6, and portion of 5 Zones 1, 2, 7, and 9 _ Zones 3, 4, 5, and 6 Nelson. _ Vancouver Vancouver. Vancouver Nelson Kamloops Vancouver Kamloops Prince George- Recreational General „ Restricted industrial Restricted industrial Recreational Recreational , Recreational Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 3 17 17 17 18 22 22 30 31 Sept. 11 Sept. 1 Aug. 21 Sept. 1 Sept. 11 South-eastern portion of Kamloops Forest Sept. 9 Sept. 1 Between Fraser and North Thompson Sept. 9 East of Rocky Mountain divide to Alberta border and south of the Halfway and Recreational Sept. 10 58 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Suspension of Campfire Permits Effective Termination Forest District Date Date Vancouver July 14 July 21 Vancouver Aug. 4 Sept. 1 Kamloops Aug. 4 Aug. 7 Nelson Aug. 4 Sept. 11 Kamloops Aug. 17 Sept. 11 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 59 FOREST SERVICE TRAINING-SCHOOL The sixth class of basic trainees (Basic Course No. 6), consisting of 24 men, enrolled January 9, 1967, and graduated three months later, on April 7th. The total number of graduates from the basic course is now 124. The 15th class of advanced trainees, consisting of 24 men, enrolled on September 20, 1967. They completed the first term on December 19th, and will commence the second and final term on January 8, 1968. The total number of graduates from the advanced course is 295. Subjects covered during the year were as follows:— Basic Course No. 6, Spring, 1967 (January 9th to April 7th) Subject Days Allotted Forest Management Policies and Procedures 7 Forest Protection Policies and Procedures 4 Pre-suppression 8 Silviculture 3 Photogrammetry 3 Mathematics 2Vi Fire Suppression 12 Vi Surveying 5Vi Measurements 7 Mechanical Equipment Maintenance and Operation 10 Opening, closing VS. Total days 63 Physical Training: Three-quarters of an hour per day. Advanced Course No. 15, Fall, 1967 (September 20th to December 19th) Subject Days Allotted Forest Protection Policies and Procedures 8 lA Botany 5 Ranger District Organization 6 Dendrology 2 Entomology 3 VS. Pathology 4 Mathematics 3 Silviculture 4 Research Division 3 Reforestation Division _.. IVz Public Speaking 4VS: Surveying 6 Business English 3¥2 Wood Technology 2VS. Grazing 3 VS. Slash Trip 1 Opening, spares 1VS. Total days 64 Physical Training: Three-quarters of an hour per day. 60 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES EXTRA COURSES AND FUNCTIONS The following extra courses and functions were held at the school:— Course for the Vancouver Forest District Lookoutmen.—The school provided room, board, facilities, and instruction for this course. Fifteen men took the course, which was held during the period of April 24 to 27, 1967. Course for Fieldmen of the Forest Inventory Division.—The school provided room, board, facilities, and minor assistance with instruction for this course. Two- and-one-half-day sessions for three different groups were held. A total of 75 men attended the sessions during the period May 4 to 13, 1967, inclusive. During the summer the school assisted with instruction at fire-control courses held at Kelowna, Prince George, and Terrace. A one-day fire-control course was held at Victoria for the Engineering Services Division. Interviews and selection of the students for Advanced Class No. 15 were completed by July 6, 1967. Two instructors attended a two-day introductory course on the fire simulator at the Forest Technology School, Hinton, Alta. The annual examination for Technical Forest Officer 2 was prepared and marked. The reading course on the Forest Act was amended to date, and 350 copies were distributed to the districts and divisions, along with 200 copies of the mathematics reading course. Remainder of the time was taken up with preparation of courses, administration, and maintenance. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is expressed to speakers and lecturers and for equipment provided by the following agencies: Rover Motor Company, Vancouver; Wajax Equipment Limited, Vancouver; F. J. Harper, St. John Ambulance; Inspector W. R. Morrison, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Cloverdale; R. Grant, Queen Elizabeth High School; A. Jackson, Department of Transport, Vancouver; J. Murphy, Okanagan Helicopters; Air Division of the Surveys and Mapping Branch, Department of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources; Forest Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry and Rural Development; Fire Marshal's Office, Vancouver; University of British Columbia; Balloon Transport Limited, Vancouver; as well as lecturers from other divisions and districts of the Forest Service. CONSTRUCTION The parking-lots adjacent to the utility building and the dormitory building were completed. Two outdoor volleyball courts were equipped and are now in use. Alterations to the electrical circuits in the administration building were completed to the specifications of the Electrical Energy Inspection Act. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 61 ACCOUNTING DIVISION FISCAL Due to a combination of unfavourable circumstances, the financial return to the Forest Service declined sharply in the calendar year 1967. Principal contributing factors were the severe fire season, the prolonged work stoppage in the Interior, termination of the Federal-Provincial Forestry Agreement, and generally lower stumpage prices on the Coast. The latter resulted from concessions granted with respect to zone selling prices on the Coast in late 1966, the slump in the Coast log market at that time, and the increasing number of licensees taking advantage of the $5 stumpage adjustment formula introduced as an alternative to the sliding- scale formula. At the year's end the market outlook for forest products was being reported as encouraging, but the Interior strike, estimated to be costing nearly $400,000 per month in direct revenue, was not settled and no termination date was predicted. The total of amounts charged to logging operations during 1967 fell by 18.3 per cent to $40,040,843 (see Table No. 142 in the Appendix), although the total volume of timber cut decreased by only 1.8 per cent. The only forest district registering an increase in charges was the Prince George Forest District, with 10.3 per cent, the Vancouver Forest District being down 24.5 per cent; Nelson Forest District, 22.4 per cent; Kamloops Forest District, 19.6 per cent; and Prince Rupert Forest District, 18.9 per cent. The gain in the Prince George District reflected an increase of 8.1 per cent in timber scaled during the year, while the losses in the other districts could be attributed to the Interior strike and the factors affecting stumpage mentioned in the opening paragraph. Forest revenue (see Table 141 in the Appendix) decreased by 15.6 per cent to $42,492,365. This decline mainly reflected the drop in the total of amounts charged to logging operations, but another significant factor was the reduction of $837,789 in payments received under the Federal-Provincial Forestry Agreement. The Agreement expired on March 31st, and was not renewed by the Federal Government. Timber-sale stumpage, which contributes the bulk of the revenue, was off 18.5 per cent to $34,732,239. Timber-sale rentals and fees declined by 7.0 per cent, timber-berth rentals and fees by 6.5 per cent, and timber-lease rentals and fees by 28.7 per cent. The latter two were largely due to elimination of substantial acreage of logged-off areas, as provided by Statute. Timber-licence rentals and fees recorded an increase of 6.9 per cent, resulting from advance payments received from some licence-holders. Timber-sale cruising and advertising held fairly steady at 2.9 per cent. Timber royalties again rose substantially, by 13.9 per cent to $3,509,720, as the volume of timber cut from non-stumpage-bearing tenures continued to increase. Forest protection tax collections of $579,928 were relatively unchanged, showing a slight gain of 1.7 per cent, and miscellaneous revenue climbed by 60.7 per cent to $394,389, mainly due to the payment of some large timber-sale bidding fees. Grazing permits and fees showed the largest increase, a rise of 102.4 per cent to $310,719, as the result of a new rate structure. This will provide additional funds to undertake extensive range improvements in the 1968/69 fiscal year. Weight-scaling cost recovery, at $396,894, was up 86.9 per cent, reflecting the increased adoption of this form of scaling by the industry. However, Federal Forestry Agreement payments, under which the Federal Government had contributed $1,804,461 annually, amounted to only $542,147 because of the non-renewal of the Agreement. Provincial funds in the equivalent amount were made available by 62 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Treasury Board to permit continuance of the affected programmes without interruption, and it is anticipated this situation will continue. Financial tables, on a fiscal-year basis, for the period ended March 31, 1967, may be found in the Appendix (see Tables 143, 144, and 145), and detailed expenditure information appears in the Public Accounts, published annually by the Department of Finance. ADMINISTRATION Activity in all phases of divisional work was at a high level during the year. There were no major changes in organization or staff, but some problems were encountered from staff turnover, by resignation or transfer, and the time loss involved in obtaining replacements. The effects of the most costly fire season on record, combined with a continuing growth in normal accounting, resulted in a heavy work load for both headquarters and district expenditure sections. On the whole, payments were made within a reasonable period, but accounting for fire costs had not been completed at the year's end. In the area of timber-sale accounting, it was necessary to institute new procedures to administer the new " continuous deposit" provided by clause 2.05 of Regulation 99/67 under the Forest Act as an alternative to the 10-per-cent security deposit required on timber sales. Much more frequent and direct contact is required between district offices and the Accounting Division to ensure that deposits held are in the proper amount. In addition, fluctuations in market prices and the increasing popularity of the recently introduced " $5 stumpage adjustment formula " required numerous adjustments in both district and headquarters offices. As noted, this contributed to the decline in revenue, but on a rising market a corresponding increase will be quickly evident. In the field of revenue collection, the condition of the accounts receivable was the best on record. By the end of the year, the accounts in each of the five districts were substantially current, although the prolonged strike in the Interior was making it difficult to maintain this situation. Toward the latter part of the year, the general " tightening " of available funds required more intense expenditure control, and several planned projects had to be deferred. Indications were that this situation might persist for some time. Only moderate progress was made in the continuing survey of office methods, due to concentration on other matters and the preoccupation with fire-season problems. It was hoped this work could be resumed early in the new year. Regular monthly meetings of the headquarters Forms Co-ordinating Committee were held, and a catalogue to include all forms in use was initiated. It will be kept in the Property Room, and a copy will be made available to each district office and the Forest Service Training-school as soon as practicable. To the normal administration of beachcombing and log salvage was added beach-clearing. Legislation was passed at the 1967 Session of the Legislature providing for forfeiture of marked logs on beaches and foreshore. This resulted in the sale of five licences on the Coast and one on an Interior lake. Late delivery of equipment for a floating chipping plant has delayed an operation which could show the effect of " on site " chipping on beach-clearing on the Coast. Log export also received adidtional attention from the Division during the year. The record volume of logs approved for export under Part X of the Forest Act due to excessively large log stocks in 1966 carried over into 1967 for an even greater increase. Log stocks subsequently levelled off, but pressure for export approval continues. The principles of Part X, requiring manufacture within the Province, are being adhered to as strictly as conditions permit. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 63 PERSONNEL DIVISION Changes in senior personnel in the Forest Service during 1967 involved the retirement of two division heads, which resulted in the appointment of an engineer in charge of Engineering Services Division, a new head of the Reforestation Division, and a new forester in charge of the Forest Service training-school. A substantial salary increase was approved for technical forest officers and forest assistants resulting from a review conducted in 1966, and the adjustment was made retroactive to October, 1966. In the matter of employee relations, the Chief Forester and Personnel Officer met several times with a committee of the Society of Technical Foresters and the British Columbia Government Employees' Association to discuss various matters of employee welfare, and the Chief Personnel Officer of the Civil Service Commission and the Forest Service Personnel Officer met with the committee of Coast Scalers' Association to discuss an anomaly in the salary for Scaler 1. A general salary increase for all employees became effective April 1st. COMMUNICATIONS AND TRAINING Although there was no meeting with the District Foresters in Victoria, each District Forester and his assistant visited headquarters for a week to discuss problems with various divisions. Ranger meetings were held in the Vancouver and Nelson Forest Districts, and local zone meetings were held in the other three forest districts. The district supervising draughtsmen met in Victoria with the Management Division draughting staff to discuss mutual problems. The Personnel Officer and Assistant Personnel Officer took part in several vocation-day programmes at secondary schools in the Victoria area and the Lower Mainland, and other forest officers took part in similar programmes in other areas throughout the Province. The Department was again represented on the annual programme of instructive interviews for graduating secondary-school students sponsored by the Victoria Chamber of Commerce and Canada Manpower Centre. Forest Inventory and Engineering Services Divisions held their annual pre-season instructional programmes for summer field staff, as well as pre-season meetings for professional staff. Four employees were selected for Class XII of the Public Administration Course under the Executive Development Training Plan and included two foresters and two engineers. Four employees, one engineer and three foresters, graduated from Class IX and received Diplomas in Public Administration. Class IV of the correspondence course in Basic Public Administration commenced in the fall, and the Forest Service was represented by three employees, one each from Victoria, Vancouver, and Prince George. Three employees of the Forest Service graduated in the spring from Class 3 of this course. A number of field staff qualified for industrial first-aid tickets, and the St. John Ambulance course, sponsored by the Civil Defence Organization, was well attended by the staff in Victoria. Informal training continued for junior foresters and junior engineers, as well as field training for the Ranger staff. ESTABLISHMENT, RECRUITMENT, AND STAFF TURNOVER The permanent Civil Service establishment of the Forest Service remained at 884 with no new positions added. During the year, 121 persons received Civil Service appointments and 136 left the Service. Eleven Forest Service 25-year certificates and badges were earned. Fourteen employees were guests of the Provincial 64 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Executive Council at a luncheon where they were awarded certificates for 25 years' continuous government service. There were 12 retirements and 44 transfers of permanent staff. Eleven graduate foresters and five engineers left the Service, while 11 graduate foresters and two engineers were hired. Turnover of Civil Service appointed staff, including full-time casual staff, was 10.8 per cent, down from 12.4 per cent in 1966. The Prince Rupert Forest District again suffered the greatest disruption at 19.8 per cent, followed by the Vancouver Forest District at 16.7 per cent and the Prince George Forest District at 14.0 per cent. The Kamloops Forest District was 10.1 per cent; Victoria headquarters, 9.5 per cent; and the Vancouver Scaling Office, 7.0 per cent. The Nelson Forest District was again lowest at 6.3 per cent, which was an increase over 4.5 per cent in 1966. Professional staff turnover, at 5.9 per cent, was a big improvement over the 9.1-per-cent turnover in 1966, and a big improvement was noticed in the technical staff at 3.2 per cent, as compared with 6.4 per cent in 1966. Highest turnover was again in the clerical staff, with figures of from 46.1 per cent for the Prince Rupert District down to 14.0 per cent for Victoria headquarters. In the matter of discipline, one employee was released for cause. There were six disciplinary suspensions for minor infractions of rules and safety regulations. No annual merit increases were withheld. There were 953 written applications for employment received and processed by the Personnel Office, in addition to those handled by the district offices and divisional staffs. Promotional examinations were held by the Civil Service Commission for draughtsmen and mapping assistants to the advantage of a number of employees. Oral examinations were held at panel interviews to fill 31 positions. The Personnel Officer and the Assistant Personnel Officer participated in the filling of 145 other positions. Two hundred and ninety-six candidates sat for the annual spring examination for Technical Forest Officer 1, with 60 qualifying for 28 vacancies. After all vacancies were filled, a comparatively small list of eligible candidates remained to be referred to any subsequent vacancies. At the same time, 111 employees sat for the annual examination for Technical Forest Officer 2, with 32 qualifying. CLASSIFICATION, SALARIES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS Classification reviews were requested for 120 positions. At the end of the year, 82 had been approved, eight rejected, and the rest were still under review. An organizational study and classification review of the data-processing system for computing log volumes and billing for Coast scaling was completed, and the new organization appears to be working satisfactorily. The Forest Service Maintenance Depot was also subjected to an organizational study and classification review, which resulted in a more efficient utilization of staff and space. A number of reclassifications resulted from both these studies. The review of the forest agrologist series and the mechanical supervisor series commenced late in 1967, but neither was completed by the end of the year. Seven employees were registered as professional foresters and three as professional engineers. Working conditions were in general unchanged, but the Civil Service Commission instituted minor changes in their regulations concerning both leave and overtime. Constant effort is being made for improvement of working conditions where possible. Although there was a total of 560 accidents to employees of the Forest Service in 1967, 283 of these were suffered by fire-fighters and 10 by temporary tree-planters and cone-collectors. This leaves a total of 267 for the regular staff, of which 76 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 65 were time loss, and 191 required medical aid only. A new system of accident- frequency statistics was commenced which separated the fire-suppression group and the tree-planters and cone-collectors from the regular staff, providing a means of assessing the efforts in the accident-prevention programme. These records showed an improvement in the time-loss frequency for the regular staff, which dropped from 22.1 time-loss accidents per million man-hours worked in 1966 to 14.6 time-loss accidents in 1967. The time-loss accidents for the regular staff were 28.5 per cent of the total accidents, as compared to 42.6 per cent in 1966. The Prince Rupert Forest District won the bronze award of merit, and the Prince George Forest District won a silver award and a second bronze award. The Forest Inventory Division also won a silver award, while the Nelson Forest District won a gold award. The achievement of the Forest Inventory Division and the Nelson District were recognized by each receiving the Prime Minister's safety trophy. There were no fatal accidents during 1967. 66 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES PERSONNEL DIRECTORY, 1967 (As of December 31st) VICTORIA HEADQUARTERS F. S. McKinnon -------- Deputy Minister of Forests L. F. Swannell ------ Chief Forester J. S. Stokes ------- Assistant Chief Forester i/c Operations I. T. Cameron ------- Assistant Chief Forester i/c Services Staff Division Heads: Cooper, C. Forest Counsel Hicks, W. V. ------- - Departmental Comptroller Park, S. E. - - - - - - - - - Director, Public Information McKeever, A. E. - - - - - - - - - - Personnel Officer Operations Branch Division Heads: Phillips, W. C. - - - - - - - Forester i/c Protection Division Hughes, W. G. - - - - - - - Forester i/c Management Division Pendray, W. C. - - - - - - - - Director, Grazing Division Lehrle, L. W. W. - - - - - Forester i/c Forest Service Training-school Services Branch Division Heads: Young, W. E. L. - - - - - - Forester i/c Forest Inventory Division Robinson, E. W. Forester i/c Reforestation Division Spilsbury, R. H. - - - - - - - Forester i/c Research Division Hemphill, P. I. J. - - - - Engineer i/c Engineering Services Division FOREST DISTRICTS Vancouver Forest District H. B. Forse ------------ District Forester J. A. K. Reid Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Lorentsen, L. H. (Chilliwack); McArthur, E. J. (Hope); Wilson, R. S. (Harrison Lake); Nelson, I. N. (Mission); Mudge, M. H. (Port Moody); Neighbor, M. N. (Squamish); Chamberlin, L. C. (Sechelt); Northrup, K. A. (Pender Harbour); Hollinshead, S. B. (Powell River); Doerksen, V. I. (Lund); Stefanac, G. (Thurston Bay East); Archer, W. C. (Sayward); Campbell, R. A. (Echo Bay); Moss, R. D. (Port McNeill); Teindl, A. I. (Port Hardy); Brooks, T. (Campbell River); Hannah, M. (Courtenay); Norbirg, H. (Parksville); Howard, W. G. (Nanaimo); Sykes, S. I. (Duncan); Antonelli, M. W. (Langford); Thomas, R. W. (Lake Cowichan); Haley, K. (Alberni); Doerksen, H. G. (Tofino); Gill, D. E. (Pemberton); de Hart, D. E. (Gold River); Hawkey, G. F. (Chatham Channel). Prince George Forest District N. A. McRae -.-.. District Forester Young, W. --. Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Graham, J. G. (McBride); Little, I. H. (Valemount); McRae, M. A. (Prince George East); Meents, T. G. (Prince George North); Brash, W. E. (Fort St. James); York, G. H. (Quesnel); Barbour, H. T. (Dawson Creek); Amonson, D. A. (Aleza Lake); Osborne, H. (Van- derhoof); Espenant, L. G. (Fort St. John); Griffiths, P. F. (Fort Fraser); Gibbs, T. R. (Summit Lake); Doerksen, D. B. (Fort Nelson); Magee,, G. E. (Prince George); Wallin, D. F. (Hixon); Hewitt, E. W. (Quesnel); Rohn, K. (Quesnel); McQueen, L. (Chetwynd); Magee, K. W. (MacKenzie). REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 67 Kamloops Forest District A. H. Dixon - Boulton, L. B. B. - District Forester Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Hopkins, H. V. (Lumby); Ivens, J. H. (Birch Island); Winner, D. J. (Barriere); Cameron, A. G. (Kamloops South); Craig, V. D. (Chase); Jackson, R. C. (Salmon Arm); Jones, G. G. (Sicamous); Berard, R. K. M. (Lillooet); Kuly, A. (Vernon); McDaniel, R. W. (Penticton); Baker, F. M. (Princeton); Petty, A. P. (Clinton); Ward, J. G. (Williams Lake); Donnelly, R. W. (Alexis Creek); Hewlett, H. C. (Kelowna); Noble, J. O. (Ashcroft); Pearce, F. (Merritt); Lynn, J. F. (Blue River); Loomer, I. M. (Enderby); Schmidt, J. T. (100 Mile North); Weinard, J. P. (Kamloops North); Wanderer, J. (Horsefly); Monteith, M. E. (100 Mile South); Perry, W. R. (Tatla Lake). Prince Rupert Forest District H. M. Pogue W. F. Tuttle - District Forester Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Quast, H. W. (Ocean Falls); Anderson, W. R. (Queen Charlotte City); Gilgan, N. P. (Prince Rupert); Gorley, O. J. (Terrace); Reiter. D. (Kitwanga); Harvie, T. (Hazelton); Pement, A. R. (Smithers); Simmons, C. F. (Telkwa); Dodd, G. F. (Houston); Mould, J. (Pendleton Bay); Mastin, T. (Burns Lake); Weinard, R. H. (Bella Coola); Jones, W. H. (Southbank); Waldron, W. C. (Lower Post); Jaeger, J. F. (Topley); Hawkins, R. M. (Kitimat). Nelson Forest District J. R. Johnston - - - Isenor, M. G. - - District Forester Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Taft, L. G. (Invermere); Humphrey, J. L. (Fernie); Anderson, S. E. (Golden); Gierl, J. B. (Cranbrook East); Ross, A. I. (Creston); Atlin, G. B. (Kaslo); Benwell, G. L. (Lardeau); Robinson, R. E. (Nelson); Jupp, C. C. (New Denver); Raven, J. H. (Nakusp); Wood, H. R. (Castlegar); Reid, E. W. (Grand Forks); Uphill, W. T. (Kettle Valley); Cartwright, G. M. (Canal Flats); Benwell, W. G. (Mica); Trenaman, R. G. (Edgewood); Russell, P. F. (Elko); Webster, G. R. (Spillimacheen); Hamann, L. O. (Cranbrook West); Thompson, H. B. (Beaverdell); Bellmond, C. N. (Salmo); Hamilton, H. D. (Revelstoke). REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 71 TABULATED DETAILED STATEMENTS TO SUPPLEMENT THE REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE CONTENTS t*^-e Research Division d No. Page 11. Tabulation of Research Projects Active in 1967 74 12. Research Publications, 1967 75 Reforestation Division 22. Summary of Planting, 1958-67 76 Public Information and Education Division 31. Motion-picture Library, 1958-67 77 32. Summary of Coverage by School Lecturers, 1958-67 78 33. Forest Service Library, 1958-67 79 Forest Management Division 47. Summary of Basic Data for Tree-farm Licences (Private Sustained-yield Units) 79 48. Summary of Basic Data for Certified Tree-farms (Private Sustained-yield Units over Crown-granted Lands) 79 49. Summary of Basic Data for Farm Wood-lot Licences (Private Sustained- yield Units) 8 0 50. Summary of Basic Data for Public Sustained-yield Units 80 51. Value Added by Manufacture and Estimated Net Value of Logging, 1958-67 81 52. Water-borne Lumber Trade (in M B.M.), 1958-67 82 53. Total Amount of Timber Scaled in British Columbia during Years 1966 and 1967: (A) in F.B.M., (B) in Cubic Feet 83 54. Species Cut, All Products, 1967: (A) in F.B.M., (B) in Cubic Feet _____ 84 55. Total Scale, All Products, 1967 (Segregated by Land Status and Forest Districts): (A) in F.B.M., (B) in Cubic Feet 85 56. Timber Scaled in British Columbia during 1967 (by Months and Forest Districts) 86 57. Number of Acres Operating under Approved Annual Allowable Cuts, 1958-67 87 58. Total Scale of All Products from Areas Operated under Approved Annual Allowable Cuts, 1958-67 88 59. Logging Inspections, 1967 89 60. Trespasses, 1967 90 61. Areas Cruised for Timber Sales, 1967 91 62. Timber-sale Record, 1967 91 63. Competition for Timber Sales Awarded, 1967 92 64. Timber Sales Awarded by Forest Districts, 1967 93 72 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Table No. Page 65. Average Stumpage Prices as Bid, by Species and Forest Districts, on Timber Sales during 1967, per C C.F. Log Scale 94 66. Average Stumpage Prices Received, by Species and Forest Districts, on Timber Scaled on Tree-farm Licence Cutting Permits during 1967 95 67. Timber Cut and Billed from Timber Sales, 1967 96 68. Saw and Shingle Mills of the Province, 1967 97 69. Export of Logs (in F.B.M.), 1967 98 70. Shipments of Poles and Other Minor Products, 1967 98 71. Summary of Export of Minor Products for Province, 1967 99 72. Timber Marks Issued, 1958-67 99 Grazing Division 81. Grazing Permits Issued, 1967 99 Engineering Services Division 91. Forest Road Programme, 1967 100 92. Forest Service Mechanical Equipment, 1967 101 Forest Protection Division 102. Reported Approximate Expenditure in Forest Protection by Other Agencies, 1967 102 103. Fire Occurrences by Months, 1967 102 104. Number and Causes of Forest Fires, 1967 102 105. Number and Causes of Forest Fires for the Last 10 Years 103 106. Fires Classified by Size and Damage, 1967 104 107. Damage to Property Other than Forests, 1967 105 108. Damage to Forest Cover Caused by Forest Fires, 1967—Parts I and II__ 105 109. Fire Causes, Area Burned, Forest Service Cost, and Total Damage, 1967 107 110. Comparison of Damage Caused by Forest Fires in Last 10 Years 107 111. Fires Classified by Forest District and Cost per Fire of Fire-fighting, 1967 108 112. Prosecutions, 1967 109 113. Contract Hying, 1967 110 114. Non-contract Flying, 1967 110 115. Analysis of Suppression-crew Fire-fighting Activities, 1967 111 116. Construction of Protection Roads and Trails, 1967 111 117. Summary of Snag-falling, 1967, Vancouver Forest District 111 118. Summary of Logging Slash Reported in 1967, Vancouver Forest District 112 119. Acreage Analysis of Slash Disposal Required, 1967, Vancouver Forest District 112 120. Analysis of Progress in Slash Disposal, 1967, Vancouver Forest District 112 121. Summary of Slash-burn Damage and Costs, 1967, Vancouver Forest District 113 Forest Service Training-school 131. Training-school Enrolment and Graduations 113 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 73 Table No. 141. Accounting Division Forest Revenue, 1963-67 Page 113 142. Amounts Charged against Logging Operations, 1967 114 143. Amounts Charged against Logging Operations, Fiscal Year 1966/67 115 144. Forest Revenue, Fiscal Year 1966/67 145. Forest Service Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1966/67—. 146. Scaling Fund 147. Grazing Range Improvement Fund 148. Peace River Power Timber Salvage Personnel Division 151. Distribution of Personnel, 1967 116 116 116 117 117 118 74 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES CD TABULATION OF RESEARCH PROIECTS ACTIVE IN 1967 Experimental Project No. Title Region 62-66 204-5 283 343 388 418 429 474 476 477 479 492 497 499 502 513 517 538 549 554 570 571 580 581 589 590 591 599 603 606 607 612 613 616 618 625 626 630 632 633 635 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 646 648 649 650 651 652 653 655 656 657 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 Douglas-fir Thinning Experiments Thinning and Pruning in Douglas-fir.. Douglas-fir Thinning Experiments Red Alder Thinning- Commercial Thinning in Hemlock Thinning Experiments in Douglas-fir„ Mixed Species Spacing Trial... Inbreeding Experiments with Douglas-fir.. Pollination Techniques for Douglas-fir A Study of Phenotypes in Douglas-fir„ Plus-trees Selection for Douglas-fir Seed Orchards.. Douglas-fir Thinning Experiment Thinning Studies in Engelmann Spruce Thinning and Pruning on a Farm Wood-lot Plantation Trials Intra- and Interspecific Crosses within the Genus Pseudotsuga.. Thinning Studies in Ponderosa Pine. Seed Dissemination and the Influence of Weather Conditions- Spacing Trials.. Thinning Experiments in Douglas-fir.. Sitka Spruce Spacing Study- Trials of Tree Species and Initial Spacing on the West Coast of Vancouver Island Site Preparation to Induce Restocking of Lodgepole Pine Sites in the West Kettle Cooperative Planting Study of 2+0 Douglas-fir Culls _ A Study of Douglas-fir Planting Stock on High Site Lands Subject to Dense Plant Cover Compatibility of Grass and Tree Seeding Regeneration Study in Cut-over Lodgepole Pine Stands Problem Analysis: Approach to Provenance Experimentation in Coastal Douglas-fir Study of Some Hand-planting Methods in White Spruce- Direct Seeding of Douglas-fir and Engelmann Spruce Ponderosa Pine Spacing Trials._ A Preliminary Investigation of the Cowichan Lake Nursery- Western Hemlock Spacing Study... Study of Regeneration Problems in Decadent Hemlock-Cedar Stands Cone Crop Periodicity in Spruce, Nelson Forest District The Survival and Initial Growth of Various Types of Douglas-fir Planting Stock Engelmann Spruce Planting Trials.. Lodgepole Pine Cleaning Study- Exploratory Direct Seeding Trials in the Wet Belt Type of the Southern Interior Western Hemlock Planting Trials Direct Seeding on a Scarified Area- Seed Dispersal and Natural Regeneration in the Columbia Forest Zone- Seeding Trials . Regeneration and Reforestation Practice Requirements of Douglas-fir Seedlings for P, K and Mg Dry Matter Production and Growth Periodicity in Four Western Species.. Nursery Experiment with Different Nitrogen Sources Nutrient Analysis in Plantation Trees.. Effects of Altitudinal and Latitudinal Displacement of White and Engelmann Spruce Provenances _ Grafting in Douglas-fir. White Spruce Stock Comparison Study- Direct Seeding on a Control Burn Seed Dispersal Study- Measurement of 2+0 Douglas-fir Dormancy- Seed Dispersal Study- Determination of Fertilizer Amendments for White Spruce at Red Rock Nursery Nursery Test of Desirability of Micro-nutrient Amendments for Douglas-fir Seedlings... A Study of Variation in Pinus contorta with Particular Reference to British Columbia The Rehabilitation of Decadent Stands Species-spacing Trials in the Montane Forest Region.. Engelmann Spruce Spacing Trials _ Altitudinal Adaptability of a Low Elevation Engelmann Spruce Provenance- Co-operative Planting Trials of Interior Spruce Western Hemlock Establishment Trial Aerial Seeding (1967) in the Kamloops Forest District- Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Thurlow Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Vancouver Island. Prince George. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Nelson. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Kamloops. Nelson. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Kamloops. Nelson. Vancouver Island. Nelson. Prince Rupert. Kamloops. Prince Rupert. Prince Rupert. Nelson. Prince George. Prince George. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Prince George. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Prince Rupert. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Prince George. Vancouver Island. British Columbia. Nelson. Prince George. Kamloops. Kamloops. Kamloops. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 75 (12) RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS, 1967 Arlidge, J. W. C. (1967): The Durability of Scarified Seedbeds for Spruce Regeneration. B.C. Forest Service, Research Note No. 42. Clark, M. B. (1967): Survival of Plantations in the Southern Interior of British Columbia. B.C. Forest Service, Forest Topic No. 6. Heaman, J. C. (1967): A Review of the Plus Tree Selection Programme for Douglas-fir in Coastal British Columbia. B.C. Forest Service, Research Note No. 44. Hetherington, J. C. (1967): A Quadrat for use in Sampling the Yield of Understorey Vegetation in Forest Stands. Commonwealth Forestry Review 46 (1): 4-5. Hetherington, J. C. (1967): A Simple Device for the Measurement of the Crown Diameter of Standing Trees. Commonwealth Forestry Review 46 (1): 5. Orr-Ewing, A. L. (1967): A Progeny Test of Douglas-fir to Demonstrate the Importance of Selection in Forest Practice. B.C. Forest Service, Research Note No. 43. Schmidt, R. L. (1967): B.C. Forest Service Initiates Douglas-fir Provenance Study. B.C. Lumberman, Vol. 51(3) :72-74. 76 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES r^ so I o g i-H H J P. H< o >- Pi < __> CO t}- O \0 >n c ?^(N VOC o © r- tN u "1 OC Ov u . IA CO VD ". 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(N u S •< C «* tN t- «h a £^H w 0 co .Hi Ho>Tfo«iqHi(.viff O cn so Os ca Tt 7-i cn oo oo ci cn q C - Tt le H\jj'«ri-.ri6h'Dr^r. oo ia NW-iNiornooio'iodr- cn 7- . vd w !5 > o inm<N_--oo©cncnmoovc tn co omo O » m O o\ m M> 7- r ■ cn. o OacNHOtNcnr-ooooir m r- tN r- i— >n >n tt *-• f- ^r \o vo a V 00 Uh t* cn cn? i-H rf *m r- VI rH tN i- *-l r-i *H V£ tn oa o 1 v. u d u >< ■C g .s S -5 ■a d It rt u c CA C i_ I CA 0 *c3 « "a o _c I-- \c V Tt tf r> e Ov « 1 > c > o H rH v£ IT) tf rn fN c On 00 — *rf *J *J S i2 ■« « 3 B __! o -2-2 VD \D\D vo sc VC 5 vo in in OJ \0 SO vD V£J « VO VO vo un m Ov Os Os o- » o On ON ON ON -___ o\ a^ ON On ON ON ON ON On On p- -fl < REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 77 r- -O I 00 m OS < Hi ffl a p b g s o o a o o Tt VO VO "t i- r- cn ov o\ * "* ri »-H vo r-1-- Ov oo cS cn Ov Tt Tt 7-4 cn vo vo Ov *H Ov vo co ri m Tt Tt VO T-I fH T-» Tt t-i m m Ov © *-» m Tt m Tt Tf Tt * tH HH m tN cn vo vo ov Ov Ov $ <N tN tn in vo Ov Os Os * WHrlOVfO >n Ov © r-t Tt cn Tt OO CO 00 Ov \ \ 1 ! \£ ! f <- U X d^^B hi a 3 W fr» rary at rawn d dded d rary at during s in lib s withe films a s in lib s used ea^ja V- U- ZP- Pt Q g o -J 2 z o p 5 O ON VOOV vo t— ov CN cn «h W Ov © Os © C- m cn cn r- © CN »HfN OV CO Tt tN cn © cn t- " CO © Tt cN 00 CN CN t- CN vo tN tN Tt Ov m mn in vo tN cn *H CN VO © Tt «H © CN Tt "' " »n © m Ov cn vo 00 cn t" cn vp cn cn © cn cn cn in © »n VD vo © r- T-l CO TH tN cn © m T-i r- oo £ 00 On t-h Tt OVH «h in cn m © Tt ©_ © Tt tN r-" HVOfO o m vo vo w vo vo cn m n Tt On tj- co tN Ov ov <—i vo Ov cn p r- Tt o cn VO Tt ~ cn t- © r- m *. vo on r- CN r- ov r- Tt OS Tf m vc t- © © vo t- T~i t- vo in rt vo m VO vo vp ON VO Ov 00 Tt t- 00 in cn r* © © cn co cn cn r- ov © rH in vo Tt H Tt ov r» f> oo tn © l> T* *H r- m © CN VO Tt Tt cn t- (N CO tN © CN t-i Os so vo " r-l H 0O Tt tN Ov Ov th On vo in rj (N tN tN o cn Tt Tt t-"Tt t4~ cn th in tn CN ri h" Tt cn m © vo oo VO © m r- cn t-i cn vo ("it"! cn cn as tN © OV CN H VD Tt g <u a 0 ■o u s o 0 c o v—' c_ rt u ft» u ^ >» rt M 00 u | c c •g-s 3 3 bD .9 *a x) I-i h -2 rt 6.S Si <" OO ri .a f i s rt S o w an c I o o„ «M (_, O O V 4J u -a 1 o H mber mber time mber mber 1 = | X JK < U s 3 3 3 3 Z z IZ 2 78 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES l 00 o < Pi m > o o tt) o. __> H O w -J o o a o &_ B. 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J) *MvM rt uver— umber o umber o tops—■ umber o umber o lson—■ Number o Number o Attendanc nee George- O O £ +_, O O " . OO U Vh ^ U U h iA U V £} &% £-.___ £^ -StPtP i 0 3flaR 33tl « 3d a zz<nzz<%zz rt > rt 0. 'G < (33) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 FOREST SERVICE LIBRARY, 1958-67 79 Classification Items Catalogued and Indexed 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 u _■__ 2<=_ 48 177 159 133 230 1,139 43 142 165 130 302 1,502 39 123 200 115 274 999 31 92 135 134 375 878 29 113 140 151 378 911 23 191 110 151 370 1,165 30 146 92 151 380 1,263 41 158 73 151 419 1,371 31 207 60 151 422 1,476 28 152 84 159 436 1,482 34 Government reports and bulletins Other bulletins and reports 150 121 141 Serials References indexed. 358 1,213 SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR TREE-FARM LICENCES (PRIVATE (47) SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS) Forest District Number of Tree-farm Licences Productive Area (Acres) Total Area (Acres) Allowable Cut (M Cu. Ft.) Crown Private Total Vancouver — _ Prince Rupert 171 61 2 7 6 2,443,952 3,384,405 461,625 695,454 1,270,829 1,202,270 178,660 1,599 1,848 47,342 3,646,222 3,563,065 463,224 697,302 1,318,171 6,588,983 10,745,300 521,617 775,509 3,335,936 371,0502 83,117 10,600 Kamloops Nelson _ 13,565 38,700 36 8,256,265 1,431,719 9,687,984 21,967,345 517,032 i Two tree-farm licences located in both districts. 2 Includes allowable cut of that part of Tree-farm Licence No. 39 in Prince Rupert Forest District. SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR CERTIFIED TREE-FARMS (PRIVATE (48) SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS OVER CROWN-GRANTED LANDS) Within Tree-farm Licences District Number of Tree-farms within Tree-farm Licences Productive Area (Acres) Mature Immature N.S.R. and N.C.C. Total Total Area (Acres) Mature Volume (MCu. Ft. Estimated Productive Canacity (MCu. Ft.) Vancouver Prince George- Nelson Totals .. 11 1 2 89,748 | 189,366 123 | 1,091 1,207 j 3,114 28,382 40 364 307,496 1,254 4,685 345,023 | 734,113 1,280 | 331 4,925 I 3,763 91,078 i 193,571 28,786 313,435 351,228 738,207 31,031 37 187 31,255 Not Included within Tree-farm Licences Vancouver Nelson 22 9 1 | 129,206 126,264 1 274,832 141,593 32,353 10,653 436,391 278,510 465,512 472,297 1,137,071 177,646 36,245 4,053 (584,502) Totals 31 [ 255,470 1 416,425 43,006 714,901 937,809 1,314,717 40,298 (584,502) Grand totals- 45 1 346,548 1 1 609,996 71,792 1,028,336 1,289,037 2,052,924 71,553 (584,502) Figures in parentheses are Christmas trees. 80 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR FARM WOOD-LOT LICENCES W (PRIVATE SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS) District Number of Farm Wood-lot Licences Productive Area (Acres) Total Area (Acres) Total Mature Volume (MCu. Ft.) Allowable Annual Cut (M Cu. Ft.) Crown Private Total Crown Private Total Vancouver 14 6 15 4 7 1,983 1,923 3,425 1,378 1,795 1 277 | 2,260 415 | 2,338 193 3,618 146 1,524 987 2,782 3,157 4,053 3.840 1,700 2,962 3,666 2,508 6,327 1,239 1.379 145 133 105 18 309 3,811 2,641 6,432 1,257 1,688 79.6 41.2 112.3 Kamloops 28.0 39.6 Totals 46 10,504 2,018 17 5.7. I 15.71. 15.119 I 710 15,829 300.7 .*>. SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR PUBLIC SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS Forest District Number of Units Productive Area (Acres) Mature Immature Total Productive (Includes N.S.R. and N.C.C.) Total Area (Including Non-forest) (Acres) Mature Volume to Close- utilization Standards (M Cu. Ft.) Annual Commitment (MCu. Ft.) Vancouver Prince Rupert (Coast) Prince Rupert (Interior) — Prince George Kamloops Nelson Totals 6 4 7 22 23 14 3,300,492 3,352,888 5,753,818 13,616,692 9,094,732 2,573,148 1,365,564 261,968 3,156,445 12,337,055 11,013,252 4,803,369 5,126,826 3,864,333 9,249,502 27,571,331 21.424,598 8,491,306 10,174,780 11,699,421 14,058,660 39,226,987 28,472,697 14,124,656 26,741,1331 23,253,1961 24,951,1512 41,123,1562 24,897,8722 10,157,5972 148,837 41,247 51,489 212,445 127,319 67,338 76 37,691,770 I 32,937,653 75,727,896 117,757,201 151,124,105 648,675 i Volume 9.1" + d.b.h. to close utilization. 2 Volume 7.1" + d.b.h. to close utilization. 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CO O CO CO rt cn th t> vo ov t- t; CO fN OO H^ i CN rt Tt CO tn cf ©" oo i r^" in oo rt VO rH I VO OV i CN in CN CO CO O OV CO CN © OV Tf Tt m oo r» co © in cn t> vo cn © CN VO rt r> CN CO O Ov VD OV OV f~- rH VO OV rt © m co cs if* On CO VO" CO Tt C- tO 00 VD rt lOvf^C-rt Ov Ov rt rt t* | 00 CN Ov CO COT£ 00 O0 jOOTtTtvO 00VD OOrt vocNcori Tt rH j CO © rH I eo vo 3 rt u Srt i "m 3 "ft. a S_ o _ "a k> £ £2 9. *3 ffl U T §•81.31.9 o 11 s^a f I 83*8 85 5ii!3'oS-_._igS-;c.oo^2'afto: <_ is .a > wig «s ISIS*!. -. 13 . C J2 5 ti ■a b 3 ill Si si »_ •a u Sl.£«iS o o a 'a 'a £_t_ REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 83 TOTAL AMOUNT OF TIMBER SCALE BILLED IN BRITISH COLUMBIA DURING THE YEARS 1966 AND 1967 IN F.B.M. (53A) (All products converted to f.b.m.) Forest District 10-year Average, 1958-67 1966 1967 Increase Decrease Net Decrease Vancouver — Prince Rupert (C).— Totals, Coast - Prince Rupert (I.)— Prince George Kamloops Nelson. _ Totals, Interior- Grand totals 3,960,436,461 559,208,723 4,668,599,676 790,161,720 4,653,042,390 747,114,468 4,519,645,184 | 5,458,761,396 | 5,400,156,858 343,904,236 1,022,874,020 1,253,042,565 733,282,070 427,750,251 1,265,723,608 1,349,400,220 939,828,243 544,193,121 1,368,965,440 1,222,232,110 731,900,911 3,353,102,891 | 3,982,702,322 | 3,867,291,582 7,872,748,075 I 9,441,463,718 9,267,448,440 15,557,286 43,047,252 j 58,604,538 58,604,538 116,442,870 103,241,832 127,168,110 207,927,332 219,684,702 | 335,095,442 | 115,410,740 174,015,278 TOTAL AMOUNT OF TIMBER SCALE BILLED IN BRITISH COLUMBIA DURING THE YEARS 1966 AND 1967 IN CUBIC FEET (S3B) (Conversion factors: Coast—6 f.b.m._=l cu. ft.; Interior—5.75 f.b.m.=l cu. ft.) (All products converted to cubic feet.) Forest District 10-year Average, 1958-67 1966 1967 Increase Decrease Net Decrease 660,072,743 93,201,454 778,099,946 131,693,620 775,507,065 124,519,078 2,592,881 7,174,542 Prince Rupert (C.) . Totals, Coast 753,274,197 909,793,566 900,026,143 9,767,423 9,767,423 Prince Rupert (I.) 59,809,432 177,891,134 217,920,446 127,527,317 74,391,348 220,125,845 234,678,299 163,448,390 94,642,282 238,080,946 212,562,106 127,287,115 20,250,934 17,955,101 22,116,193 36,161,275 — Totals, Interior 583,148,329 692,643,882 672,572,449 38,206,035 58,277,468 20,071,433 1,336,422,526 1,602,437,448 1,572,598,592 29,838,856 84 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (54A) SPECIES CUT, ALL PRODUCTS, 1967, CONVERTED TO F.B.M. Forest District Fir Cedar Spruce Lodgepole Pine Hemlock Balsam White Pine Vancouver Prince Rupert (C.) Totals, Coast- Prince Rupert (I.) Prince George Kamloops 1,124,437,644 27,680,988 919,754,730 124,000,656 78,196,308 159,749,754 230,106 242,004 1,684,505,352 333,837,804 740,902,092 82,047,246 25,351,296 1,152,118,632|1,043,755,386 237,946,062| 472,110 2,018,343,156| 822,949,338] 25,351,296 20,1541 42,150,662 108,350,343 2,746,982 611,929,456| 41,772,014 138,225,578 88,341,695 146,969,160 904,241,999 296,540,213 238.319.100 100,778,445 294,179,511 125,511,207 36.006.770 160,819,301 157,872 24,206,258 91,436,747 76,084,7991 75 55,846,806] 191,435 50,698,095| 7,931,297 52,197,3271 17,874,927 Totals, Interior Grand totals 858,525,531 175,011,353 l,586,070,472j 556,475,933 276,620,178| 234,827,027] 25,997,734 2,010,644,163 1,218,766,739 1,824,016,534 556,948,043 2,294,963,334 1,057,776,365 51,349,030 Forest District Yellow Pine Cypress Larch Hardwood Cottonwood Unspecified Total Vancouver. _ Prince Rupert (C.) Totals, Coast- Prince Rupert (I.) 30,288 54,137,604 8,044,974 62,250 10,441,734 14,822,700 7,010,262 4,653,042,390 4,671,066 747,114,468 30,288| 58,808,670 8,107,224 25,264,434| 7,010,262|5,400,156,858 356 851 307,056 90,792 1,615,060 280,974 17,062,262 3,159,700 1,498,726 2,176,467 544,193,121 1,368,965,440 Kamloops. Nelson „ . 45,972,084 9,035,556 14,557,700 58,005,770 1,222,232,110 731,900,911 Totals, Interior Grand totals 55,007,996| 851 72,563,470| 2,293,882 23,897,155| |3,867,?.91,582 55,038,284 58,809,521 72,563,470| 10,401,106 1 49,161,589 7,010,262 9,267,448,440 SPECIES CUT, ALL PRODUCTS, 1967, IN CUBIC FEET (54B) (Conversion factors: Coast—6 _.b.m.=l cu. ft.; Interior—5.75 f.b.m.-=l cu. ft.) Forest District Fir Cedar Spruce Lodgepole Pine Hemlock Balsam White Pine 187,406,274 4,613,498 153,292,455 20,666,776 13,032,718 26,624,959 38,351 40,334 280,750,892 55,639,634 123,483,682 13,674,541 4,225,216 Prince Rupert (C.) Totals, Coast- Prince Rupert (I.) Prince George 192,019,772| 173,959,231 39,657,677 j 78,685 336,390,526] 137,158,223| 4,225,216 3,505 18,843,538 106,422,514 24,039,231 7,330,550 477,736 7,264,698 15,363,773 25,559,854] 17,526,686 157,259,478 51,161,654 51,572,2111 21,828,036 41,446,800| 6,262,047 27,968,574 27,456 4,209,784 15,902,043 13,232,1391 13 9,712,488 33,293 8,817,060 1,379,356 9,077,796] 3,108,683 Totals, Interior Grand totals 149,308,788| 30,436,757 275,838,343| 96,778,423 48,107,857| 40,839,483| 4,521,345 341,328,560 204,395,988 315,496,020 96,857,108 384,498,383 177,997,706 8,746,561 Forest District Yellow Pine Cypress Larch Hardwood Cottonwood Unspecified Total Vancouver Prince Rupert (C.) 5,048 9,022,934 778,511 1,340,829 1,740,289 2,470,450 1,168,377 775,507,065 10,375 124,519,078 Prince Rupert (I.) _,u-*o| -.w-n-i-' fO 148 53,401 -.,-.-.,,_. | _,_UU,_,,| ._.,.__.,_-._. 2.967.350 94.642.282 15,790 280,880 48,865 549,513 260,648 378,516 238,080,946 7,995,145 1,571,401 2,531,774 10,087,960 212,562,106 Nelson Totals, Interior Grand totals 127,287,115 9,566,6081 148 12,619,734| 398,936 4,156,027 672,572,449 9,571,656| 9,801,593 12,619,734 1,750,140 8,366,766 1,168,377|1,572,598,592 1 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 85 (S5A) TOTAL SCALE OF ALL PRODUCTS BILLED IN 1967 IN F.B.M. (SEGREGATED BY LAND STATUS AND FOREST DISTRICTS) Land Status Vancouver Prince Rupert (Coast) Prince Rupert (Interior) Prince George Kamloops Nelson Total 987,624,510 91,851,768 291,354,960 129,746,574 34,123,050 657,306 1,008,275,802 111,143,754 4,678,482 7,854,143 48,822,301 3,969,564 14,298,002 52,144,760 1,125,598,891 192,818,829 295,324,524 46,516,134 42,728,430 176,262,708 76,851,480 197,208 265,606,311 1,142,686 1,215,606,114 5,045,372 49,004,778 96,635 790,144,151 47,903 355,308,042 2,141,738 3,903,038,834 268,098,414 5,045,372 Tree-farm licences Beachcomb, trespass.... 622,562,622 42,459,900 212,975,424 226,906,980 214,437,913 78,016,339 178,179,580 1,369,108,212 42,459,900 212,975,424 Miscellaneous 2,285,166 12,554,910 21,354,195 31,873,544 16,861,139 6,598,298 91,527,252 Sub-totals, Crown lands 3,423,917,082 707,948,622 501,595,627 1,307,350,976 945,764,272 606,576,585 7,493,153,164 18,345,750 1,061,212,764 57,703,284 21,012,030 70,851,480 15,273,432 90,564 4,126,512 6,478,620 13,196,718 4,890,749 4,279,846 462,708 522,646 6,085,127 50,264,137 32,634,430 50,004,587 25,956,420 36,409,966 131,462,435 1,211,312 17,188,049 56,143,316 15,513,253 35,268,396 76,635,519 1,128,958,672 Crown grants—■ To 1887 1887-1906 - 1906-1914. 1914 to date 179,457 15,374,735 22,152,553 144,631,635 100,873,731 323 195 719 Totals 4.653.042.3901747.114.468 544,193,121 1,368,965,440 1,222,232,110 731,900,911 9,267,448,440 TOTAL SCALE OF ALL PRODUCTS BILLED IN 1967 IN CUBIC FEET (55B) (SEGREGATED BY LAND STATUS AND FOREST DISTRICTS) (Conversion factors: Coast—6 f.b.m.=l cu. ft.; Interior—5.75 f.b.m.=l cu. ft.) Land Status Vancouver Prince Rupert (Coast) Prince Rupert (Interior) Prince George Kamloops Nelson Total 164,604,085 15,308,628 18,523,959 813,649 1,365,938 8,490,835 690,359 2,486,609 9,068,654 187,794,240 32,868,117 48,559,160 49,249,519 21,624,429 5,687,175 109,551 168,045,967 7,752,689 7,121,405 29,377,118 12,808,580 34,297 46,192,402 198,728 211,409,759 877,456 8,522,570 16,806 137,416,374 8,331 61,792,703 367,713 44,683,069 669,540,274 877,456 103,760,437 7,076,650 35,495,904 37,817,830 37,293,550 13,568,059 30,987,753 231,950,199 7,076,650 35,495,904 380,861 2,092,485 3,713,773 5,543,225| 2,932,372 1,147,530 15,810,246 Sub-totals, Crown lands 570,652,847 117,991,437 87,234,022 227,365,387 164,480,743 105,491,580 1,273,216,016 3,057,625 176,868,794 9,617,214 3,502,005 11,808,580 2,545,572 15,094 687,752 1,079,770 2,199,453 850,565 31,210 2,673,867 3,852,618 744,321 80,471 90,895 1,058,283 8,741,589 5,675,553 8,696,450 4,514,160 6,332,168 22,863,032 210,663 2,989,226 9,764,055 2,697,957 6,133,634 13,084,299 Crown grants—■ To 1887 188,650,035 1887-1906 24,705,286 1906-1914 17,344,050 1914 to date 55,598,906 Totals 775,507,065 124,519,078 94,642,282 238,080,946 212,562,106 127,287,115 1,572,598,592 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES •n rt co Ov m t- ov *n co vo CO 00 VO rt © CO 00 Tt" rH t-* rt Tt Ov eo © CN vDOv^ >n rtoCin «n r- co r- © m c^ CO rt m n oo to vo ov Ov r- ©^ov t-^eo p t-"o"Tt ov in o vo »-< oocirt m rt VO OO 00 CN rt Tt VO CO CO C— co vo in n co Tt oT in cn" \D O rt rt vo CO Tt vo co m r- r- vo ov co m vo Tt r-^o^in Tt o\ inrf rf rf o" CO © O 00 ov n r- © l>Tf rH CO CN <N m Tt Tt oo vo in ov o o © in rt^ Ov^ CN rt in rf in co" rf Tt CO 00 vo in r- c- in Tt © rf cn m © n CN Tt vo r- co m m CO VO OV rH lft © *H OV ** oCco ov f« r» CO Tt oo oo in ON rt cN, co vo"co t-" Tt rt CN vo to Tt r- cn (N VO rt 00 OV o Tt oo t% in in T-Tvo"© oo O co m in ov oo rt cN in r-*co tn cA Ov CN rt f co co in i CJ OV CO O CO rt 00 t- OV rt n c- vo to cn Tt vo o'rf t-* Ov CN CO C^ 00 ON rH VO Tt vo co to m ov vo VO VO rt Tt t- rt CO Ov r^ Tt t^O\ rH rt oo rt m Tt Tt rt VO vo*r^ oo \0 CO © © Ov t- rH CO m P- © m oo Tt vo Tt i>rf t-" rt O 00 t- Tt Tt in m m m rt co ov cN r- ov co vo co C- CO rH rH in rf o* Tt oo ov r» co Tt © in rf rt rH o r* m o rl rj co Tt ov m CO in rH rH rH rf oo in co ■rn t> vo tn oo m co in co rf to* ov ov o in ov co o oo m Tt in o Tt co t> r* i> vo th oo VO rt o co ov vo co in rf vo" t> m CN VO CO rt co o r- o © © VO_ rt ©^ Ov^ oo ov" in in rt o t;r- cn © Tt CN rt tn rfrt oo m r. 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OO © rt rl VD Tf rt O)^ r-^ m"oocN" eo* © © CN Tt oo in th t- r- Tt © ov to © vo m ov ov ov t-i r» c* © cooCTt o\ rt CN VO © CO OV Tt Tt Ov © CO CN 00 M Tt CO Ov ov t- r^ i> r"rf K rf m c- vo r- rt CN rt Tt CS TH CA CA CA co vo rt oo m r- Tt r^- m oo cn oo m *h *h CO Tt* rf Tt* rt Ov Tt rt t-rt rH \0 rt l> CO CO CO rt VO CO CO rt o vo m o Tt O 00 VO r-*rf m vo* rt Tt CN Tt O^OC^CO Ov_ Tt oC © Tt rt m Tt C- rt ov © eo Tt m oo^m r^ Cf CO© TH co oo oo eo tn OS rH rH in Tt" vo co t— © co cN r- r. oo oo cn 00 oo vo OV^ CO O TH © o oo m vo CN Tt rt TH^ to rt rf CN rH t- OV © © Ov Tt m vo to oo © Tt CN Tt rt 0"rt*C-"rt*Tt Ov VO CO CN l>CN C- rt o" cn vo CO Tt C- O O VO CO VO 00 eo ov^ © oo r* rfm*ov eo r-t r-t m m cn ov r* Tt m* vo* CO rH Tt Tt m rt o\ © tO VO rt tO on Tt m r. to rf mm" m m Os ca n ov vo r. cn^ rt oC o" Tt r- ov m cn CO CN OV rH t> Tt r- vo cn m Tt vo"inTt Tt m m ov m Nino t+m to rfrt ri rt co m © ov to o r- t^ cn vo vo vo m c- co o\ eo m Tt* oo co Tt VO CO © CN Tt t-^Tt CO o oo r-T in OV CN Tt rH rH © Tt OV VO CO * rt ON CO m © ©m Ov^ VOr Tt Tt m oo oTTt on t- CN O Tt r~ vo r-t m oCci t-f tn to Os © REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 87 r- I O o 3 .3 a 3a I d c p.. ll •cft a 3 Is Cj 0_> o<; IS Tj O > II ..r. r_ mrtTtcoovvomrt©co moomovrHovo\m©cN Ttt^^TtovciTtovSoo rfcoooooTfooTtrtTtTt" mt-mt^r^coo©ovTt rim ov co r^ vom ci co co co^ rt co" o vo" co vo o" co" on m vo coTtTtmmvovDr-oooo 00 m tO tN rt vo to ov cN oo ONVo"t^fOCfO©rtVD"r* ooomOTtcovooococN COVO^CNCNOvmONt^miN rf Tt" o" vo" oo rf o* on m* m eofOTtTtTtmvovor^r- rtTtCNOOONcomvOVD vovor-t-*oooooot^t-t- I ON Ov VO <n co cn cn rn Tt Tt Tt to" rf rf oOTtoovooortininrt OrtCllNVOCOrtVOtNCN m CN CN Tt 0\ "^i, ON ©^ rt Tt coto"ov"vD*vo"cooC©*mo* ooooooo\or.rtr.rtrt t-ONTtCNVOVOOOeNt-rt r-r^ovoo©TtTtmTtm CNCNricScoeococoeoco votNmrtvor-mTtrtov eoovvOTtrtTtmr-OvTt r-r^ovovovr^ooiNr-cQ t^O\T^inrtc^voiftinov ONrtr-rtN*Tt*©"vo"vo"cor^ Ttmoortmr^Ttovtom CO 00 © © ©^ p i-H r-^ vo vo m" in" vo" r* r-" K t-' od ov ov" oooN©rttNeoTtmvor- mmvovovovovDVDvovo OsO\OsOsOsOsOsOs&\Os _•_ S as 88 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES 9 PQ I o p z z < > o Ph p. p. w Q g I s M Ph o co i_3 o 2 a o P- Hh !» H O Q O C-i Ph < w a hi I O H S'S u OArO HJ-ft -5 O 3-3 tZ-.T_) 3*£ S •h ca « M_^ u. 99 X OT £ <u___- u •S"BS ° °Z£ V. to u o __ _> Zo moor--rt©r-vococ OOCTvtNC^OrtVOr^C rtovoT^coenmcne ovmmcot^toTtovi. vO©00coVDOVTtmC C» tO CO © O tO CN cot vo" rt" on rf ©" rf to rt CNtNmvoOtOOv© Ttmvoc^-ovooNrt 7-4 CA OV CO O rH VO t- Tt CO CN Ov vo" CO r- 3 op © Tf CN m rt CN co ©©©OrtVOCNOO OONTttOrtCNVOCl OtNmOvTtOvTtTt CN © ©^ rt VO Tt ON in m Tt* in to r* r_* o" ov oomcNcoobOTtco coTtrnvovovovovo vovoObr-rtCOcNvOcovo ovt^voiN©t^-moovoTt rnvo Hint>voir.v0.to Os m" rf Tt* i> co to vo" vo" co CO©OvTtt^-VOmrtVOlN rtd cNdncseNrtco ©rtcOTtOOeOCOeOCOrt ©OvirtinirtOVVOTtf^CO r^vo^m rj^^cortvoeoo rf-^orcoco©mt-^ovTt ovTttNmcNov©com CNCOfOrtCNcOCNCNTt TtTtc-voricovovoooo r^©OvO\rtinCNt-OveO oomsor>irtl>r*opf*av. CO CO m" Tt" CN* C^ rt ON Tt rt" OONOveoinrtrtOOvTt TtcOTtTtmvommTtm r-ovTtcNvovoconr-rt r-c-ovcooTtTtrnTtm cNcNCNCNcocococococo ©©ooo©©r*--o S©0©©Q©COrtVO ^©^o^o^Socpt^t^ri, cocococNcomtot^oooo ON©ooTtc^©Ttoom© m-ovocovotomm©co t^©"cNr^mtOTt"ov'mto" CNcOCOMCOfOtOCOTtTt co in Tt CO m Tt o"tN Ov Tt m Ov Tt tN ©*t-" • Tt OV ' __? _> t> r- Tt t rt rt CN ( OV OS CO Tt rH CN Ov CO © r* CN tN m vo Tt cN Tt tN E-" i-f vo" rf co vo m co © vo cN oo © vo CO © vo CO r-~ m ©" Tt in" oC co vo m r- © Tt CO CO CO CO Tt Tt t-vot"-OvOvOvOv©oovo cNcococoeococOTtcoco ooavOrtCNeoTtinvor- mmvovovDvovovovovD OsOsOsOsOsOsOsOsOsOs (59) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 LOSGING INSPECTIONS, 1967 89 Type of Tenure Operated Number of Inspections Made Forest District Timber Sales Leases, Licences, Crown Grants, and Other Tenures Total Timber Sales Other Tenures Total Vancouver _ 898 678 1,328 1,524 690 1,240 517 2,058 2,136 1,480 2,138 1,195 3,386 3,660 2,170 2,588 2,607 6,432 4,366 1,670 2,959 1,027 1,080 2,763 1,659 5,547 3,634 Prince George Kamloops. 7,512 7,129 3,329 Totals, 1967 5,118 7,431 12,549 17,663 9,488 27,151 Totals, 1966 5,566 6,174 11,740 18,593 9,576 28,169 Totals, 1965. 6,231 6,514 12,745 17,869 6,365 24,234 Totals, 1964 6,557 6,560 13,117 17,789 13,311 31,100 Totals, 1963 6,926 7,168 14,094 18,021 7,189 25,210 Totals, 1962 7,079 6,645 13,724 18,602 6,353 24,955 Totals, 1961- 7,088 6,463 13,551 18,330 6,242 24,572 Totals, 1960 7,249 5,120 12,369 (!) C1) 26,151 Totals, 1959 6,273 4,898 11,171 (i) C1) 26,912 Totals, 1958 5,936 4,341 10,277 (!) C1) 23,802 Ten-year average, 1958-67 6,402 6,131 12,534 26,226 i No breakdown made prior to 1961. 90 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES ON CO W GO CO <! __, CO tu 0- H o. r- en Tt c- © VO t- -- in -in tN ! m Tt VD a F5 £ = vq cn ov oo © oc m Ov tf r- ,Tt d vo vo H IN oo vo in rt cn- Tf On VD N vo vo C- Tt CN ^ vo cn m c- vd o CN m m 3V tO Tt Tt On ON CO m -i 9 © rt O rt CO rr Tt TH Tt Ov Ov «>Q i-H c~ ov Tt cn Tt CN Os ■* r- 'r- © © ri Tt cN rt cn vo 00 r- cn io m 11—i ov TT rl rl CO |.g W CN CN N CN !<N rt n CN (N CN GO *» tfl- /* &<_- (&■ &9- «■ «■ «■ &e- tH cn imbe Re- lting zure - ] ] j rt LO m H CO f* o - CO eo Ov Z°"3 TJ > tu j j Tt 1 N NO m O » in co oo CN CN CO © oo » Tt Tt CO © n oo Tt in 3N rH © O r- ON CO Sh i I : N fN rt" rt" ci ri T-i tf m -5 to tN Ov i OV ,_r w ! vo vo © oo 1 (N IN ft tN c 3 cn rt c- Tt vc t- i rH '-' Ov_ < Tt CN Tt rt ON IN tN CN en IN mill! m Tt o » 00 ( -5 m m cn S -> co i eo © Ov o cn < 5 rt vo vo oo %°- VD SO CN < N Ov v 0 Tt CO cn OV n r.j-5. __£ i On in" o r- t -? Tt r- cn Tt ' ' ' ' Tt (N CN I n rt i n vo VO eo eN rt * ^ rt TH i © ! ! CO rH Tt Tt - t m t H OV 00 CO r- CO CO. « 4> m 1 ! 00 © CO © © t N Ov - t CO ON On On CN q d <u j VO d o\ ©^ CN t - OV 7 H CN VD cn OC VO U CO 6eh 1 *** eo to" V 6 ©" e 0 Ov" S Tt " i i i i 1 ! I t, n ! m m CO d <u j i N tN IN VO n TT VO CO 3 P ill: ' C S ! to ci o W m r. oo m O r~ CO i n Tt c _. Ov On Tt CO cn *o VD CO eo rt < 5 Ov c V rt cn o r~ o oo On ^H C O Tt C "* CO CO CC VO t^ vj CN ci- CO ci m m © © in m VO < 3 rt c h Tt © cn r. t^- rt +-. vo l> to VD CO Tt I- IOC ^ o fN Tt M Tt u u CO CN t- CO m m c •^ Tt C 0 Ov Tt o to ■Hft rt Tt co Ov Tt to" V 0 vo" c 0 rt Ov" r-" VD m vo Ov V n co c «. Tt fN fN 00 T-t 1-1 " OJ 00 CO oo ov CO l> 00 h n oo c ^ m m o U m ov o oo vo OV m c - CN < 3 © CO r~- OV Ph cn in co Tt t-h °i. On n c n cn t h in Ov S On Ov .U t— cn to r- m m Tf to" c n «n t t rt co" ©' m -g CO © © © CO CO CO ov c •i oo r * CO rn Tt o CN VO Tt t- Tt VO t- o C _> © r t£ oo vo 0 ci Tt Tt C 1 Tt T I- CO cn M Tt CO Area Cut Over Acres) co in vo to t- Tt tN 0 0 rt <- 5 CO 00 00 m VO CO On so so VO r. N tH 0 0 VD - i m oc vo CO CN 7-t r—i Tt m to r^ Ov m t r ^ r 1 Ov m VD Tt rt Cn" Tt c i CO T t Tt Tt VO*' vd" Tt "*■' ' *rt m oo Tt rt m th On m VO T 1 VD T t l> CO IN cn m m ov oo cn CO CO VJ _> Tf C 1 rt r) Ov 113 to Tt Tt T ■ m v i m m vO Tt i | | i t- ! 7 : oo o : m ! Ov ; »-h 0 i ci ! 00 d V. u r- vo m t h CO c i T-I d ov od £ o vo VO VO vo vd Vi 3 VO vo m m in rt On Ov OV Ov Ov C V ON Ov Ov Ov i-H rt 7-t tH i-H f < rt TH TH r-4 rt tn w to tn to o to wT of wT w - rt d d d x ___ — W 4- P t 00 ti rt rt rt rt rt c 1 C a o o O O O C ) O O O O u QJ HHHHHHHHHHH So. o o u o c o 0 u 73 o 13 > fi. 0, M z (61, REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 AREAS CRUISED FOR TIMBER SALES, 1967 91 Forest District Number Cruised Acreage Saw- timber (MC.F.) Pit-props, Poles, and Piles (Lin. Ft.) Shingle- bolts and Cordwood (Cords) Car Stakes, Ties, Posts, Shakes, Etc. (No.) 259 142 216 189 42 27,148 39,838 109,376 112,150 21,813 84,977 83,306 216,953 121,271 43,300 1,735 7,522 112,650 27,950 360,500 5,482,000 144,400 26,600 50,100 Kamloops... Nelson. _ 2,960 135 100 130,000 Totals, 1967 - 848 310,325 549,807 6,014,850 12,352 319,450 Totals, 1966 998 361,021 679,486 3,674,100 25,675 837,244 Totals, 1965 1,357 496,254 951,995 2,650,400 7,616 987,100 Totals, 1964 , - 1,709 661,821 1,107,428 2,944,004 25,154 478,520 Totals, 1963 _ 1,862 716,699 1,165,976 3,887,525 32,519 656,680 Totals, 1962 1,871 615,500 921,710 18,508,084 19,340 564,865 Totals, 1961 _ 1,892 720,144 1,027,243 7,687,920 14,798 1,419,285 Totals, 1960 2,122 767,351 1,142,479 8,807,614 29,050 1,419,179 Totals, 1959 .:,. 2,317 681,550 877,370 7,387,960 27,753 1,151,275 Totals, 1958 1,922 609,563 890,285 8,772,888 24,316 1,181,149 Ten-year average, 1958-67 1,690 594,023 931,378 7,033,534 21,857 901,475 (62) TIMBER-SALE RECORD, 1967 Forest District Sales Made Sales Closed Total Sales j Existing Total Area (Acres) Area Paying Forest Protection Tax (Acres) Total Security Deposit Vancouver 239 76 218 193 50 455 254 353 323 134 1,120 681 902 1,312 489 490,285 310.622 480,379 286.606 $5,727,992.72 1,445,066.80 Prince George Kamloops _ _ 508,789 441,861 815,933 1 776,927 529.081 1 503.036 2,377,488.15 3,279,570.73 2.025.963.98 Totals 776 373 1,519 j 4,504 2,654,710 2,488,809 $14,856,082.38 1,149 1 92 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Q w a pi I < H ►J P. M « p ft- o § I S o o <u — r m to N cn fjv v.n Tf -1 oo ov Tt m m ■n oo rr> r- en" -1 fN m Ov 0.1 =t co m 00 r- vo 00 VD t^- vo VO cs„ J5l : to CO CN n © cn Tt CN m Tt vO vO CO Tt _=" a gel | o © CN O 7-1 *""' to vo Cl Tt © CO m m —, u ; co IN VO _, __, f, in m s E -/- K S*a VO vO r- d m g 0 CQHp > CO m r* Cj cn s O NI £ wicj *^ u C co c 3 (0 C £ SB" rt CO 00 CO ! t rt rt rt Tt it •i th rt vd 0. m Tt 00 ■© IN Tt CO* ON IN 00 y CO Ov 00 t-i | * - oo vo lH 00 ON --^ E 3 3 CN 00 r^ VO rt s__& CN Tt ] C H 00 (C Tt" ©' Ov" r^ 00 vo m ON' m Tt oo" eo OO ai E 3 M > VO f) m CO CO IN vo IN Ov © IN 5 s fcrj OV Tt CN Ov 00 ■» oo oo oo" Tt IN r t m Ov Ov an o V Ov Os Os Ov C r. Ov 0. CC 00 CO ON t^- r- 00 OO ' Tt Tt c- r- <: _> Tt ff m E .se. B_ fN m x~~ so oo c fN 3 r- oo t4 as Tt r VD CN vo © Tt - -. Ov CN on >Tn 1 Ov o -^ VO Ov CO CO > Ul vp m c- m m m m a^_j=£S' US a »J Tt ON Tt fN Tf T ■ tN 00 or, nv m VO CN CN CN OV M r. CN CN OO -I.. &9 "o8 o rt (N Tt Tt tN C 2$ Of) W n fN m Tt m uS fN CN co Ov r 00 ON CN CN C 1 CO CO CO Tt CO CN CN cn Ov vO co co © si 5 vo - CN VC s r-t On r- CO NO 8 r- fN CN t-h r - OO CN 00 r* NO CO 00 ON Ov v r^ Ov VO ^ cj_ __~ o [CO ! rt © 0 VO rt to -^ T* r- oo rt B2 Sh 'r-t ' cn Tf C . © r* w ri CN CO to ITi en (N £ gP. s-9 *■ Vi u E - vo ** — r- 3 XI ro cn CO VO N- i P_H 3 z ^ 3 fc _>. CQ lag i_ «'t__ 8 6* --PS ftlfj t— CO OO C- ! t- Ov © m TH © NO Tt CN oc —- rt rt ri vo ' t* CN CO r- as r- Tt NO r* m VO y ■a o rS1 ■H>h E Tf rt VO CO ! Tj on 00 r- On O m th ; cv CN o an rO Ov 3 z r- CC] co Tt cN cN © C Tt __ o\ p- © Tt m yFti go 00 T~~ f rH Vp VC Os Os Os Os Os O m c. o rN © :-n S «_H D,M Ov 3V On X) 3v 5v On oc ON 3 a a | L, _- E m Tt tN vo oo ir * Tt Os to s cn r- rt t-~ ^t t; TN ta N tN CQ fN tN rt c- t- N *- VD vO *■ Tt Z ^ 1 j ! I I 1 I 1 ! ; ! : ! i ! ! . tN VOmTtcOtNrtQOVOO > J, vovpvovovovpvomm 5 Hr OvOvOaOvOvOvovOVOv g* S M ^ pj rt +_. o QJ J-. ooooooooo §rt * h HHHHHHHHHH §B_0 ^, a 5 0 u u - a § d 3 (O 3 v > rt Ph fc .z REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 93 H O r—j fe n p. o n, >- m Q E Q ftS I a 1 ft. w | P c eo C Tt c t-» a- —, CO Tj" cN CO 00 fc fc Tt Is © m cn © vo to sD to CN Cl Tt m IS © NO vo ri m in vd m ci od ci rt On c> Tt Os 00 vd rt c co o cn h oo fc r» ON in O0 m ?/: ON VD IP th tn a C> Os VO OP C> cn NO CJ o CA Cl 00 © vo Ov IN VO OV vO fc On" Tt On' On' Cl cn" IN Ov" O CO rt © H fc VO r- © ON ON C^ C4 vo co co to in in VO vO Cl o\ m oo oo Tt Tf fN rt rn Tf to fc" NO oc" ci Tt On © to fcO- fN CO r! ci CJ fN CJ fN Tt V_- 0O 00 O o o Q © © v_- © <y_- CN No. of Fence Rails and Palings Tt O 00 © 00 0. m © 00 CO © r- © © CO inq CO On" m rl CN^ CO Tt m CO ON ©" © rf 00 Tt ON. O vo" " Cl CN © 00 © © © CN 00 *|| o © © © o © © 8 © © © o CO to 00 •o m O m © © CO ©, ©^ £5 On ON CO 00 nC Qs © r- © © On t-^ Ou2 VD"mlN CN © © o' Tt Ol rf rf ©"" ri ©" ZO* eo m fc Tt o fc in to m NO tN 1-1 fN m m _ CN CO 00 r— to o m O ! m © © © © Cl © O 8 © OihU O VD m 1 m © o O ■* m © o . dX m oo rt m tO <N ■n oo Tt r- oo © CO CN Z xn ClTt fc cn cn _r ■ON ©" r^ r-' IN CO o" © © © fc m m ir, © m 8 o o to to ta ■ C rt io m m NO m 00 P Cl © Tt 1-1 vo fc fc rt CO *-* TT —' vo l5ES o _, . U , ON © Tt VO -;- 'S.. to fc l CO in cn CO ZH ci m' m* i cn TJ- en " oo co o m m vo 3C vD 00 o so oo Tt oo CJ Ov ° -3 _: ^ oo r- m rt oo CO NO CO © ON. CC' CO oc r. CO ov r- Tt m OP fc Tt cn SO ON ON : CO Ov __.° rt CO CN 00 nD Tt NO oi r) O m vo" zo " ^ to Cl Cl ""' ©mm o to o oo C cc Tt CO VO © Ov rt © Tt ON Tt Cl On :<0 m Cl rJ On ON Tt o i2 CN cn Ov m cn On On Ov © r^ CO ■ vq CO 6 o Z^ ONh © Tt CO ON Ov vo' fc m oo in i-H VO CO NO ON ol Tt © to TT ON. 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C- Tt oo VC VO s oc VO oo co m Tt to o Ov CO m Q0 Tt NO Tt Tt fc © cn Ov © d cc" Tt SO Tt C^ vo" Cl Ct" fc to" o CN rt 0O 00 CO t o oc 5 CO to Tt Tt © < Cl ov Cl eo Tt vo m rn Tt fc ON V0 00 v0 © 5 m °S © oo d fc tN Tt OV Tt Cl Tt Tt CN 00 00 On to to VD Tt Ov tN CN Tt rt V0 Cl OS 00 O rt ri Cl CN CN n CN zm r> T CO m OV CJ V 00 Q rt M 4-) fc vo in Tt CO CN rt ©' Ov od > rt CU VO VO VO VO VO vo vo vo m m ON ON OV OV ov Ov ON 0 d ^_ Ph cn ti d d d rt d d d rt d rt . 8 S __• O O O O O o o O O 0 B U 3 u _5 H H H H H H H H H H H gu.0 » o«u o c O o 0 *e 9 c c 6 a £ w *E3 T. rt u > Ch rt W z 94 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES r- c\ O z 2 3 Q to m < ft. eo 55 O H O u_ _ < a o 2 o Q o __. ft. S p £ cj Q Z «3 3 3 u GO Q 1—1 UJ u (V: w ft. -0 a z i* 5 X CQ CO < to O ft. M O < ft- 3 fe pq 0 < ftj HI > < ,_, © © © = © © © Ih © © © © © o 8 u . cn Tt cJ © Tt in CN 0 a\£t © © CO vD CN CO gftpt, ft-iu O. 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O CO © E^ © Os Tt m fc fc £B. OV Tt m cn m m oo m 00 au rt 00 20 CN rt oo © m 00 CN £2 CN m oo o 1 <u tj o i .9 .a U rt.^ > o CJ ^^ > co Uh Ih ft. 1 Um u ft. (5 H H b i Ih 0 p H I-l SC Ih 0 CU Hi V- rt lU CU Ih rt co CU 0 Ph l_ a a c co 0 tH IhO.C_.0_- (A <u 3 3 « H gB.B.0 & o o o o o S UUU U *3 o cdcqG" "rt O H o> 3 3 « W S«B,0 | 8888|| 3 o H cd > ft. C ft ft- (S fc e. > ft ft ft U z REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 95 o 0 w H < u CO Pi w CQ S H z o - r-~ to y. h On U *H Qi 0 H z (/I 1—1 c 2 3 fe 0, w !-_ to h o tt. 3 0 z w ft. < 0 to z u H M 0 w ft. 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OO rn 00 rjN m in in fc no a CO <n rr> 8 ryi in Tt m fc Ov VO Tt fc cn vO __, Ov cn Ov fc cn rn ON 0 CN vo m cm rn ON fc vn m on m m r- CO VD fc in fc vo in m m Tt _. § >B. 3 U 01 0 tj 0 MB E a tutu M vomTtcncNrtOovoo > vovovovovovovovomm J5 Ji0\5i0v^0\^0\0vft . 11~ 1111111 s wcocowcoco co co w to J| -i-jr.rtrtCjrtrtrtrt', 0O0O0OOOOO tt) HHHHHHHHHHH REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 97 W o z V-H > o ft. ft. i tt. o to hJ B. o z rtt S to Q Z < CO E-.Mt.B5 •_3^Q B--_ 3 as $ s« •__-4__ b.,-. ** 0_M rt> «*ao:- Wpj ° IH *drJ f**J3 SOS'S Z <P5 __ ,_=« S'SSg; S5 <g filth 5>Cq ftw Wp_] o OV Tt O fc rt oo m oo to in CO QO VO fN OO © rt f- 00 OC Ov CO CN ri VO Ov Tt Ov CN CO ro Os vn ■Tn Tt OV fc VO Ov rt Cl OJ VO VO vp Ov vp in oo vo cn m t^ i> fc rt in m ci cn vd oo in Ov vo © in m Tt — — CJ CJ rt 0 " fc vp i/~ Ti t*" o r- © Ot rr ■_■ vr g Vf si ON Os rr 0 0 ON rt to st CO CO f CO CO f ro ro DC 7 r ro Gl d rt 1; cj *3 *-: g OOOOOOOOOOtU HHHHHHHHHHH O CU tt) o g >_: a e. TJ d 98 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (69) EXPORT OF LOGS (IN F.B.M.), 1967 Species Grade No. 1 Grade No. 2 Grade No. 3 Ungraded Fuel-logs Total Fir 23,555 4,949,387 3,119,331 2,791,841 518,436 9,865,202 17,361,667 9,383,080 2,762,218 24,809,725 35,810,776 50,127,097 3,304,209 39,624,314 56,291,774 62,302,018 20,951,566 - 20,951,566 Yftllowpine Lodgepole pine Cypress 1,964 380,873 12,427,730 1,964 72,638 791,927 379,565 272,360 2,896,421 1,023,633 725,871 16,116,078 21,269 21,269 2,675,054 4,078,252 Totals, 1967 12,128,244 41,320,799 128,995,437 20,972,835 203,417,3151 Totals, 1966 9,751,031 27,322,739 88,001,394 15,452,806 1,478,441 142,006,411 Totals, 1965 3,355,224 10,766,201 35,846,770 8,625,979 14,650 58,608,824 Totals, 1964 3,748,377 14,590,533 30,789,610 3,740,863 84,834 52,954,217 Totals, 1963 , ~ 3,468,986 16,149,811 62,790,210 10,274,991 107,529 92,791,527 Totals, 1962 3,773,734 11,215,447 46,151,663 13,143,092 696,436 74,980,372 Totals, 1961. 9,216,534 28,611,982 48,009,763 12,202,800 3,311,119 101,352,198 Totals, I960... 1,391,803 5,351,398 20,872,330 11,805,419 890,260 40,311,210 Totals, 1959 486,685 2,601,653 19,608,208 3,999,901 1,839,030 28,535,477 Totals, 1958 734,991 3,727,452 16,164,689 3,715,124 3,762,411 28,104,667 Ten-year average, 1958-67. 4,805,561 16,165,802 49,723,007 10,393,381 1,218,471 82,306,222 i Of this total, 68,513,476 f.b.m. were exported from Crown-granted lands carrying the export privilege; 134,903,839 f.b.m. were exported under permit from other areas. (70) SHIPMENTS OF POLES AND OTHER MINOR PRODUCTS, 1967 Forest District and Product Quantity Exported Approximate Value, F.O.B. Where Marketed Canada United States Other Countries Vancouver— Poles Jin. ft. Piling Stakes and sticks.. Fence-posts Cedar shakes ..lin. ft. ..pieces ._ cords Christmas trees ,, Prince Rupert— Cedar poles lin. ft. Cedar shakes..... squares Prince George— Cedar poles Fence-posts Cedar shakes Kamloops— Cedar poles Poles and piling Posts Christmas trees Nelson—■ Poles and piling Corral rails ..lin. ft. .. cords .pieces ..lin. ft. Orchard props. Fence-posts Shake bolts . cords Palings and pickets- Christmas trees Total value, 1967.. Total value, 1966.. 7,035,287 2,905,162 300 4,251 17,018,579 20,374 3,230,430 617 32,330 19,198 4 261,325 7,105 5 344,250 1,861,138 116,146 447,350 3,301 307 40 1,362,850 $3,386,486.13 1,752,047.44 90.00 1,275.30 1,531,672.11 50,935.00 1,476,258.00 8,021.00 30,000.00 5,700.00 100.00 122,822.00 2,131.00 225.00 240,975.00 1,015,991.00 3,484.00 13,421.00 115,535.00 7,368.00 640.00 953,995.00 | $10,719,171.98 $10,305,508.71 305,809 125,364 130 1,079,855 617 29,110 19,198 4 164,325 7,105 5 51,637 950,495 106,046 28,400 3,105 26 40 140,500 3,629,724 64,585 300 4,121 17,018,579 20,374 2,122,175 3,200 97,000 292,612 910,643 10,100 418,950 196 281 1,222,350 3,099,754 2,715,213 28,400 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 99 (71) SUMMARY OF EXPORT OF MINOR PRODUCTS FOR PROVINCE, 1967 Product Percentage of Total Value Poles- Piling.. . lin. ft. Other poles and piling- Corral rails Orchard props Stakes and sticks Cedar shakes Christmas trees Fence-posts _ Fence-posts Shake bolts — Palings and pickets.. Cedar shakes Cedar shakes Total-value.. .pieces .cords 10,599,372 $5,015,566.13 46.7905 2,905,162 1,752,047.44 16.3448 1,868,243 1,018,122.00 9.4981 116,146 3,484.00 .0325 447,350 13,421.00 .1252 300 90.00 .0008 17,018,579 1,531,672.11 14.2898 1,727,474 1,245,905.00 11.6231 23,449 6,975.30 .0650 3,306 115,760.00 1.0799 307 7,368.00 .0687 40 640.00 .0059 4 100.00 .0009 617 8,021.00 .0748 510,719,171.98 (72) TIMBER MARKS ISSUED, 1958-67 10-year 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 Average, 1958-67 Old Crown grants 215 299 315 268 300 313 356 328 341 277 301 Crown grants, 1887- 1906. 93 103 115 121 150 125 148 150 130 147 128 Crown grants, 1906- 1914 93 125 123 121 164 161 164 172 144 163 143 Section 58, Forest Act 362 524 517 470 589 608 672 649 679 680 575 Stumpage reservations 89 108 116 117 109 141 149 133 63 61 109 1 3 9 13 7 8 3 6 5 Timber berths 7 9 4 4 12 12 9 14 10 4 9 Indian reserves 9 21 15 8 20 18 27 24 27 11 18 Section 24, Forest Act 20 214 23 1,900 1,926 2,136 2,141 1,991 2,183 2,281 1,614 1,126 1,149 1,844 Special marks and rights-of-way 80 85 113 91 90 97 121 153 117 95 104 7 1 1 5 5 3 12 4 4 . 2 4 1 1 Totals 2,855 3,201 3,456 3,349 3,441 3,671 3,934 3,248 2,676 2,812 3,264 Transfers and changes 598 669 794 691 809 725 802 740 908 S93 733 (81) GRAZING PERMITS ISSUED, 1967 Forest District Number of Permits Issued Number of Stock under Permit Cattle Horses Sheep 1,248 463 397 6 146,602 23,417 17,927 180 4,231 1,119 1,477 10 4,591 886 795 Totals, 1967 2,114 188,126 6,837 6,272 Totals, 1966 2,244 189,286 6,572 8,970 Totals, 1965— 2,218 188,339 6,677 12,509 Totals, 1964 _ 2,104 173,677 6,231 22,478 Totals, 1963 1,951 158,840 5,860 25,366 Totals, 1962 _ _ 1,924 146,830 5,007 23,370 Totals, 1961 - 1,825 132,749 4,985 21,309 Totals, 1960 — 1,726 127,148 4,504 19,460 Totals, 1959 1,683 124,425 4,377 20,604 Totals, 1958 1,571 122,489 4,169 20,927 100 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (91) FOREST ROAD PROGRAMME, 1967 Project Regulation Unit Reconnaissance Location Construction Vancouver Forest District Chilliwack River F.R — . .. . Dewdney P.S.Y.U. .. _ ._ Miles 8.6 3.5 1.9 2.0 6.0 Miles Miles 9.0 Lillooet River F.R. . . Soo P.S.Y.U. 7.5 16.8 3.7 Homathko River F.R Quadra P.S.Y.U Kingcome P.S.Y.U _. Quadra P.S.Y.U Kingcome P.S.Y.U. Camp Point-Kelsey Bay1 Dewdney P.S.Y.U — Dewdney P.S.Y.U Quadra P.S.Y.U— Harrison North F.R. Soo P.S.Y.U 10.0 0.3 Prince Rupert Forest District Skeena P.S.Y.U Skeena P.S.Y.U 8.0 36.0 27.0 10.0 18.0 58.0 42.0 20.0 Skeena P.S.Y.U Smithers P.S.Y.U Skeena P.S.Y.U Prince George Forest District Bowron P.S.Y.U. _, 9.0 Westlake P.H.F. Nechako P.S.Y.U. . Finlay P.S.Y.U Kamloops Forest District Chilcotin South F.R _ Stum P.S.Y.U North Thompson P.S.Y.U.... North Thompson P.S.Y.U. _ North Thompson P.S.Y.U.— Nicola P.S.Y.U. 11.9 0.8 2.0 0.5 11.5 14.8 Bone Creek F.R— 4.0 Finn Creek F.R - Okanagan P.S.Y.U Spallumcheen P.S.Y.U Edgewood P.S.Y.U _ Kettle P.S.Y.U. Area study1. Nelson Forest District Bench Creek F.R 8.5 Beaverdell-State Creek F.R 11.3 11.7 24.0 14.0 Yahk Triangle1 Cranbrook P.S.Y.U Edgewood P.S.Y.U. Lardeau P.S.Y.U Kettle P.S.Y.U. 2.6 Cranbrook P.S.Y.U. 298 5,443 67.3 2,483.8 49.6 957.5 5,741 2,551.1 1,007.1 1 Areas studied under the development engineering programme. F.R.=Forest road. P.S.Y.U.=Public sustained-yield unit. P.H.F.=_PuIp harvesting forest. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 101 (92) FOREST SERVICE MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT, 1967 Type Total Units, Jan. 1, 1967 Removed from Service New Purchases Total Units, Jan. 1, 1968 Sedans __ Station wagons and sedan deliveries- Panel deliveries _ Four-wheel-drive passenger types Four-wheel-drive pick-ups and panel deliveries.. 5,000-10,000 G.V.W. pickups, Vi an 1 ton 14,000-24,000 G.V.W. trucks, 2, 3, and 4 tons... 24,000^10,000 G.V.W. heavy-duty trucks Fire-fighting tank trucks Total vehicles Trail motor-cycles _ Tractors—tracked... Snow and muskeg tractors (personnel carriers).. Snow toboggans—various types Graders Scrapers—self-propelled. Scrapers—not self-propelled Shovels—power Loaders—self-propelled Outboard motors... Fire-pumps—various... _ Fire-pumps—portable tanker Bean fire-fighting units—high pressure._ Borate mixer pumps -_ Pumps—water supply Chain saws Lighting plants _— Lawn-mowers—power- Speeders—railway- Trailers—low and high bed- Trailers—dwelling and bunkhouse.. Trailers—miscellaneous Air compressors Range-land drill.. Rock drills—gas-powered... Mechanical wheelbarrows _ Welders Cement mixers Augers—power planting Snow-ploughs—walking Rollers—compaction, towed.. Rollers—self-propelled... Fork-lift trucks 54 93 74 132 303 216 53 935 110 46 9 20 20 1 2 3 5 434 764 137 34 13 86 523 109 35 10 9 177 322 15 1 15 7 3 1 3 3 2 7 18 9 19 75 33 4 2 1 9 13 3 13 75 65 168 189 21 36 1 46 2 3 11 5 2 20 3 1 31 97 10 2 19 68 26 9 32 56 88 68 126 303 248 57 9 1 956 119 48 10 34 20 2 2 3 5 444 825 147 33 15 104 545 107 58 10 9 180 352 15 1 7 6 15 7 1 1 3 3 2 102 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES REPORTED APPROXIMATE EXPENDITURE IN FOREST PROTECTION (102) BY OTHER AGENCIES,1 1967 Forest District Expenditures Patrols and Fire Prevention Tools and Equipment Fires Improvements Total $314,509 122,675 21,890 18,780 75,055 $809,670 86,411 46,469 22,400 129,094 i $873,426 j 39,803 ] 75,673 134,113 688,382 ] $257,478 31,900 33,450 21,200 53,059 $2,255,083 280,789 177,482 Kamloops 196,493 945,590 Totals $552,909 $1,094,044 $1,811,397 $397,087 $3,855,437 Ten-year average, 1958-67 $367,957 $612,858 $603,712 $344,165 $1,928,692 Principally forest industry. (103) FIRE OCCURRENCES BY MONTHS, 1967 Forest District March April May June July August September October Total Per Cent Vancouver 1 3 1 7 22 3 24 17 27 35 61 132 54 97 63 83 209 54 125 23 136 264 223 152 52 116 383 493 88 10 55 119 65 1 16 2 496 206 455 1,150 909 15.4 6.4 14.1 Kamloops .. Nelson — - 35.8 28.3 Totals 5 73 309 506 771 1,196 337 19 3,216 100.0 0.1 2.3 9.6 15.7 24.0 37.2 10.5 0.6 100.0 Ten-year average, 1958-67 32 86 323 342 719 616 171 25 2,314 1.4 3.7 13.9 14.8 31.1 26.6 7.4 1.1 100.0 (104) NUMBER AND CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES, 1967 J -0 c .5 on .5 d (H CU _o c o o _s _G -i -5 n o S 38 o _: Forest District 3 ■art O i_ ■-3 tu d ft o. O ■a _j o _. MS* i * s ■Se.9 c ii . 0 O fi u Ph O J OW *C. CD O 3 u _J gu __ C c. U a <_. o °£ 8.A __ -0 3 u d __ o E pq6S c B_ "O P* _, M__ S -.ho. •o ° il c So S-_ 0 _, c 0 3 o H U ai _. u P,B- Vancouver 27 71 50 123 26 8 103 9 56 23 496 15.4 41 32 9 27 22 6 18 18 30 3 206 64 Prince George 182 52 4 45 30 27 13 37 2 56 7 455 14.1 Kamloops 388 85 88 188 34 104 24 62 15 152 10 1,150 35.8 Nelson 320 48 304 81 16 1 30 28 16 54 11 909 28.3 Totals 958 288 455 464 128 138 93 248 42 348 54 3,216 100 0 29.8 8.9 14.1 14.4 3.9 4.3 3.0 7.8 1.3 10.8 1.7 100.0 Ten-year average, 1958-67 829 236 152 285 94 130 47 175 40 269 57 2,314 Per cent 35.8 10.2 6.6 12.3 4.1 5.6 2.0 7.6 1.7 11.6 2.5 100.0 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 103 (105) NUMBER AND CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES FOR THE LAST 10 YEARS Causes 1958 1959 1 1960 ! 1961 1962 1 1963 ] 1964 1965 | 1966 1967 I Total 1 1,150 296 162 478 120 131 18 246 53 310 94 184 172 88 211 75 190 30 204 34 253 33 1,166 241 245 257 82 87 36 137 54 271 59 1,426 269 154 336 86 179 36 194 49 290 83 615 '182 41 162 60 62 35 109 25 183 62 1,144 221 65 220 82 95 24 141 62 250 41 277 144 51 129 66 79 11 81 45 178 59 1,000 315 89 310 89 193 89 223 24 309 44 374 230 170 281 156 149 101 164 14 292 36 958 288 455 464 128 138 93 248 42 348 54 8,294 2,358 1,520 Smokers Brush-burning (not railway or right- 2,848 944 1,303 Road, power-, telephone-, and pipe- 473 Industrial operations (logging, etc.) 1,747 402 Miscellaneous known causes 2,684 565 Totals 3,058 1,062 1,474 536 2,635 1,478 3,102 1,536 2,345 1,120 2,685 1,967 3,216 23,138 104 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES o < a < Q Q % < N PP Q !JJ —i § 05 < -J O 03 W P. fp OD s rt P OOO'lJ J3AO TJ -fl t3 Tt c. .r m vo m CI C" 000'1$PU" 001$ ua.Mjsa m CN CN CN vo CO rn Tt O CO fc ri Cl Tt Cl QO Cl' fc oc fc m VO CO Ol © ci fc VO fc 00 001$ Japan © © OV Tf TH CA OO Os Os cn Tf T-H CO OV 00 M U o ssejo siqx UT S-JfiJIEJOX JO JU33 J.<J »-i VO rt co Ov fc 00 fc Tt (N r-t rt CO CN © i © i i I JOU JSTQ UT S3JIJ ]B)OX JO JU33 _3-[ Tt © © rt C- CN eo ci cN rt j o fc I j CN ! 1 I jaquinM CN VO CJ Tt VO ,_, rt CJ TH 0v m m CN C0 Ih CJ < © © o O OJ > O SSEQ SltfX UI S3JtJ IEJOX JO 1U33 I3,J rt vo fc © vo 00 fc t^ VD VO i— CJ CO rt q ©' © j ! | !0TJlStQ Ut sajij i'ejox JO JU33 J3J Tt O © OO fc th ca m ov m oo ot CN _3qtun^ fc Tt 00 CO CN m d vo *m tn Tt CO vo Ov <D (J < © 0 sseio stqx UI ssjta P-lox JO JU33 J3J Ov eo vo ol © in fc rt m © rt rt Tt ol © © © j }_UJSTQ UI S3JIJ JEIOX JO JU33 J3J fc O O rt rt CO fc fc rt CO CO CO CN Tt CN V0 Tt vo j i Ov fc OJ jaquin|v[ fc fc CJ CO © vo fc ci r- -4 rH rt Tt CN 0v © vo ri eo 1) o < u 5 SSEI3 stqx ur SSJIj'reiOX JO }U33 J3J vo vq CN co eo Tt m Tt © m th T-i cn cn O o © 13UJSTQ UT S3JIJ IEJOX JO JU33 J3J in © © © >n CN 00 vd fc o. ■n Tt in Tt vd eo 00 Tt m m cc 00 eo © © VO jsqumjvl © OV CO © rt vd Ov in Tt cn oj oJ m vo E O H 3DUTAOJ(J UI SSJl'iJ TBJOX JO )U33 J3c[ Tt Tt th oo cn in vd Tt m od th ^h cn oj © © © vC "l CO o 8 Tt CO ! jsquinjvi vo vo m © Ov ov © m m o Tt OJ Tt rt ov © © © _j s Cfl U o rt QJ > P c t . > - - - p. 4 t c ■;: ft a CJ c i c 1 t C ft ) I c • , | c 9 IS z 0 H C cu 0 u rt fc 3 oo m Ov « M rt i-i u > a u rt a> >t a & c a u u OJ 0i REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 (107) DAMAGE TO PROPERTY OTHER THAN FORESTS, 19671 105 Forest District Forest Products Cut, Legs, Lumber, Etc. Buildings Railway, Logging, and Sawmill Equipment Miscellaneous Total Per Cent of Total Vancouver $182,429 11,765 3,008 79,568 23,948 $32,450 2,350 825 61.350 8,880 $118,517 18,035 43,585 227,532 $24,382 7,274 950 69,922 10,431 $357,778 39,424 4,783 254,425 270,791 38.6 4.3 0.5 Kamloops Nelson 27.4 29.2 Totals $300,718 $105,855 $407,669 $112,959 $927,201 100.0 32.4 11.4 44.0 12.2 100.0 Ten-year average, 1958-67 $128,077 $45,487 $216,724 $35,955 $426,243 30.0 10.8 50.8 8.4 100.0 i Does not include intentional slash-burns (for this item see Table 121.) (108) DAMAGE TO FOREST COVER CAUSED BY FOREST FIRES, 1967—PART Ii Merchantable Timber Immature Timber Forest District Net Area Killed Total Volume Killed Salvable Volume of Timber Killed Net Stumpage Loss Net Area Killed Present Value Vancouver Acres 7,143 3,726 3,895 39,628 13,072 M Cu. Ft. 55,697 1,860 M Cu. Ft. 47,481 792 $ 533,908 127,535 50,727 1,044,524 673,537 Acres 6,979 1,698 12,124 19,463 27,315 $ 344,396 75,479 8.085 4.119 151,250 Kamloops 80,725 50,013 24,188 7,731 495,081 967,015 Totals 67,464 170,555 | 110,136 2,430,2312 | 67,579 | 2,033,2212 27.6 100.0 | 64.6 51.1 27.6 42.7 Ten-year average, 1958-67 68,602 110,533 41,707 1,770,956 70,197 | 1,581,310 15.1 100.0 I 37.8 47.6 1 15.4 42.5 i IDoes not include intentional slash-burns (for this item see Table 121.) 2 This dollar value of losses in merchantable and immature timber represents only stumpage loss to the Crown. Actual payroll loss to the Province is 10 times these figures. 106 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES < fc CO m fe W 2 o ffl Q u co D << CJ p. w > o o fe u ffl o fc o H fc o < <i q <u -H Tf ( -too- © vo © oc rt vp cJ cn Ov _■ 1—1 tj^ov^ rn 0 o- _*^ N © © rt ffr Os cn Tt tn Os 7— --1 m cj rt cj 0 r^ tn 0 Ov CJ CJ vo l> t> c^ CA THtH Tf cn rt • r- © tn tn co in 0 m 0 o H rt fi rT Ov vo OO CJ OO in rtrt^ocOO^C-^rt If rt j vT rt" 00" ©" tt" © £ in WtN C 8« © 0 3 —1 rt O 5 0" rt O vo © m m Ov m O Tf 0 . - t-i vo 00 OV (M 00 8 g 0" © si ry OV ©^ ©__ C^ VO^ Tf H i> 0" vo' vo" cn Tt y CJ rt Tf ov vo Tf <J cj < in Tf 0 en rt (N 00 © O Ov Ov C. Ov Tf cj 00 ^f vo m Tf 0 & 9P, O u 00 r- th t~~ tr tJ S d W_- TtrHrHOC. cn 3 _ Q •o £ 05 t— cn rt u m t~- <S rt VO Ov R O ^ Os tn tn cA th m d S! CJ z u cn 00 Tf vo" m Tf" <3 < «h m in pq u rt s rt rt (s) c- cj cn tn rt m __, •0 0 a O rt OO rt rt r/) rH m T£ Ov d 8 © 'n £5 0 g 2 •o r. 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Tf VO CJ g r- 0. m cn Tf co Jj ©, © Tt cn Tf rn ^r1 in T-T rt i> 00 cn ^ CJ 0. 5° Tf" ■n vJ CQ 1 t- vo 00 4-J Ov CJ g CU on 3 d u _3 u rt ih O i | = b CU 1 p a 1 b H O OJ a O H !- a 1 H i u -.* OS O CD oOC 3 u cj © 0 C I « c a rt > fc T a. a _, 0 z REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 107 w O < < Q j < fc O fc Q Z < fe o u w o > Pi co fe w ffl o fc Q w z ffl 3 ffl < 2 < co" fc co 3 < U fc ffl fc i t> O tn © rt © OV rH O VO rH © u voTfC^cJocnOvOvr^O© 8 CM rt rt rt CD <u tt) Ph rt £ rt Q « tu ovvomTfrcioeomcjTfin © o 60 cocJcooovTfcnooov-^-m Ol H d oovoc^-covovocncJOvmov E d 0 TfOvcooomovT—ivDTfcnm Ov rt O. 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J3AO .S0D oj i-i rt cn oj i-H m* -* ci .jjil J3d OOO'OI. 01 cn in oo o o v© CA CA cA t— Tf rt ^. cn Tt OOO'SS •I3AO TO ol 3Jij _3d 000'S. 01 rt rt Tf rt vO cn VO rt in rt (- rt t— m Ov "* M 000'I$"*o JSOQ i-H rn VD On j. "3 3_I J J3d oo vo OJ vo rt cn cj m co © © r- th m OJ oi d "S 000'I_ ojooij JSOD tH rt cn CJ co d w o z rt. p>_ g 3_T;J J3d 001$ m r- vo rt ov co © r— oi c. ol m rH Tf _■ vo M fc usqi sssi ;so3 O. rt Tf Tf cs Ov co cn m a s 1-1 2 fc o 0 33UTAOJJ UT oo © oo r- in oo 1 | W ffl S3JIJ lEJOJ, cn m i-i r- m i-> i-H r-t oi ol oo JO 5U33 J3£ ti fc o ft u fc o pnjsjQ ui in vq © in rt l 1 ! 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OJ rtH Ph ° Ort O.fl +j ° ® t-H rt ancouv rince R rince G amlooF elson ... f{ Cfl *H U O 4) > _- 0- __ z REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 109 tzs z o p 3 O w on O ffl ffl UAVBJpHlT.W S9SB3 - Ct 1 cn - p3SStUISIQ S3SB3 rt rt ; Tt i vo d 33U35U3S pspuadsns lOBQ ht , . , cl 33U3JU3S P3AJ3S t- m r- tn Ov junotuy cn 1 Tf <n oo r* **1 m- «ft c jaquinM cn | oo \o Tt \C ON cn S3DU9JJO CJ snoauEiisosTp^ — (9) zsi -33S 'SS30DV AU3Q III ; — suorjBinSS'jj mtM aouepjoooy ur STJqsa 3AOUI3>I ill!: pUE s3bus Hb^ oi. Sained — 9JtiI qsm3ui;xg; piiE ! ! ! I ! *~' [Oiiuo3 oj SuhiujJ - jusuidinbg UOTJ->3JOJd-3JT,J isdojj UTETnre]/\[ ■Ml 01 SUIJIEiJ 2 1 |*8 1 m oo ainsoo issjoj B §UrU3ABJ3U00 — 3uyjq3y-3JTj Ur 3DUBJSISSV J3p HNrfr, j ov tn -us^ oj Suisnj3>j 4TUIJ3J Tf inoqjiAv Huiujng PJBT UOTJBUTJOJUI ov OJ oo cn m th CA CA Tf Tt r- T CO Ov rtt tj OC rt > 0 tfl rt Ih rt >. ii. U tm . c ) * E a u H > * c . c 3 a f f - *u > ft P- s_ £ 110 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (113) CONTRACT FLYING, 1967 Fixed-wing Aircraft Forest District Base Type of Aeroplane Hours Flown Cessna 185, Beaver 785 Smithers _ Prince George and Dawson Creek Kelowna and Williams Lake _. Nelson 1,254 781 2,002 Nelson Cessna 35'8 Total 5,180 Helicopters Forest District Base Type of Helicopter Hours Flown Hillers 12E and 12J 500 Prince Rupert Prince George Smithers — 745 Hiller 12E 1,290 Bell G3B and G3B1 783 Hiller 12E and Bell G3B _ 278 Total 3,596 Air Tankers Forest District Base Type of Aeroplane Hours Flown C anso 63 182 Prince George Prince George „ Canso. Canso and Avengers 63 243 172 Total 723 (114) NON-CONTRACT FLYING, 1967 Fixed-wing Aircraft Forest District Reconnaissance Transportation of Men and Supplies Water Bombing Total Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost Vancouver in 25 844 1,070 601 $6,157 1,575 34,708 31,911 39,503 4 370 366 200 13 $188 25,480 30,980 14,730 195 307 70 151 1,625 899 $267,983 11,200 60,410 350,393 208,871 422 465 1,361 . 2,895 1,513 $274,328 38,255 126,098 Kamloops 397,034 248,569 Totals 2,651 $113,854 953 $71,573 3,052 $898,857 6,656 $1,084,284 Vancouver Prince Rupert. Prince George. Kamloops Nelson.. Totals _ 120 36 21 73 261 Helicopters $16,200 4,150 2,903 7,923 1,397 1,569 303 283 944 1,414 $32,573 J 4,513 I $41,220 39,285 114,584 206,115 183,496 $584,700 48 | $7,065 _ | 6 | 638 54 | $7,703 423 367 965 1,487 1,586 4,828 $57,420 50,500 117,487 214,038 185,531 $624,976 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 111 (115) ANALYSIS OF SUPPRESSION-CREW FIRE-FIGHTING ACTIVITIES, 1967 Number of Fires Subsequent Spread (by Number of Fires) Size of Fire When Attacked V* Acre or Less Over Vi Acre to 1 Acre Over 1 Acre to 5 Acres Over 5 Acres to 50 Acres Over 50 Acres Spot (up to Vi acre) Over V. acre and up to 1 acre Over 1 acre and up to 5 acres Over 5 acres and up to 50 acres Over 50 acres.. 296 115 74 47 4 283 53 22 10 7 53 25 1 5 5 19 14 1 7 17 4 1 5 4 Totals 536 368 86 43 25 14 (116) CONSTRUCTION OF PROTECTION ROADS AND TRAILS, 1967 Light Medium Heavy Total Miles 11 299 Miles 64 538 Miles 20 134 Miles 95 971 310 602 154 1,066 4 36 2 6 2 2 8 44 Totals, trail construction and maintenance 40 8 * 52 (117) SUMMARY OF SNAG-FALLING, 1967, VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Total area logged, 1967 Logged in small exempted operations1 Assessed for non-compliance, less 66 acres subsequently felled- Acres .__ 94,136 58 24 82 Balance logged acres snagged, 1967 94,054 Snags felled, 1967, by Forest Service Protection Division 1,867 Snags felled, 1967, by Forest Service Reforestation Division 1,659 3,526 Total area snagged, 1967 97,580 i Exemption granted under subsection (3) of section 116 of the Forest Act. 112 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES SUMMARY OF LOGGING SLASH REPORTED IN 1967, VANCOUVER (US) FOREST DISTRICT Acres Total area logged, 1967 94,136 Area covered by full hazard reports 66,482 Covered by snag reports but exempted from slash disposal 9,449 Covered by acreage reports only (exempted from slash and snag disposal) 1 58 • ■ 75,989 Slash created and not reported in 1967 18,147 1 Exemption granted under subsection (3) of section 116 of the Forest Act. ACREAGE ANALYSIS OF SLASH DISPOSAL REQUIRED, 1967, (119) VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Acres of Slash Prior to Total Type of Disposal 1967 19671 Acres Broadcast burning 31,107 29,774 60,881 Spot burning 2,879 2,722 5,601 Totals 33,986 32,496 66,482 1967 reports not recommending slash disposal 9,449 1967 slash on very small operations exempted without special examination 58 9,507 Total area of slash dealt with, 1967 75,989 1 Does not include the estimated 18,147 acres (see Table 118) created too late to be dealt with in 1967. ANALYSIS OF PROGRESS IN SLASH DISPOSAL, 1967, (120) VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Acres Total disposal required (see Table No. 119) 66,482 Acres of Slash Prior to Total Type of Disposal 1967 1967 Acres Spring broadcast burning 600 186 786 Spring spot burning 53 21 74 Fall broadcast burning 38,773 20,154 58,927 Fall spot burning 1,339 1,172 2,511 Total burning completed 40,765 21,533 62,298 Burning by accidental fires 5,074 Lopping, scattering, land-clearing, etc 163 Total 67,535 Balance reported slash not yet abated Slash created, 1967, acres assessed 18 Plus slash created too late to be dealt with, 1967 18,147 Total area of slash carried over to 1968 for disposition 18,165 Actual area burned in spring spot burning, 14 acres. Actual area burned in fall spot burning, 623 acres. The above figures do not include 1966 slash-burn reports received too late for inclusion in 1966 Annual Report, 2,052 acres. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 113 SUMMARY OF SLASH-BURN DAMAGE AND COSTS, 1967, (121) VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Total acres of forest cover in slash fires, 1967 20,679 Net damage to forest cover Net damage to cut products Net damage to equipment and property- Total damage. $558,545.80 174,801.00 112,678.00 $846,024.80 (131) TRAINING-SCHOOL ENROLMENT AND GRADUATIONS Enrolment, 1967 Basic course _ 24 Advanced course 24 Basic course Graduates, 1967 24 Advanced course Nil Basic course. __ ____ __ _ Total Graduates since 1946 124 Advanced course 295 Grand total. 419 (141) FOREST REVENUE, 1963-67 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1963 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1964 12 Months to Dec. 31, '1965 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1966 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1967 Timber-licence rentals and $357,175.79 17,361.70 63,629.77 502,317.68 30,199,623.94 386,735.44 2,499,842.31 152,200.70 523,598.00 173,192.07 $362,707.84 15,639.09 68,446.06 510,469.54 37,221,058.19 487,503.76 2,610,292.87 139,313.50 522,672.70 210,330.47 $720,919.31 15,024.33 86,230.58 765,651.17 42,031,437.70 325,847.00 2,629,476.11 151,079.95 559,007.55 273,738.16 $771,170.84 14,368.52 106,852.12 948,568.96 42,643,936.30 223,236.17 3,079,058.68 ■153,507.63 570,202.65 245,350.02 212,275.98 1,379,936.16 $825,100.86 Timber-berth rentals and fees Timber-lease rentals and fees Timber-sale rentals and fees.. 13,436.63 76,121.31 881,812.16 34,732,239.51 Timber-sale cruising and advertising 229,857.61 3,509,720.06 Grazing permits and fees Forest protection tax _. 310,718.84 579,928.17 394,388.82 396,894.14 542,146.97 Totals $34,875,677.40 $42,148,434.02 $47,558,411.86 $50,348,464.03 $42,492,365.08 114 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES c/_ 55 O | (_. __i s o g o o o I-l 55 < o H. 9 o p. < a o co H Z P o S < o r-1- c 1 (S »l rt Im Tt m r- 00 cn Ov en O cn rn m O o » r- in |i-h q d ci O ■rf 00 O r-OV cn o O Tt l> Ov oi OV VO d HlfiOMOO Tt TH Tt en oo o TT r~~ tn C- d Ov oo cn cn cn 00 i-H Ol Ov n o Tt vc c- in O f/imvoo^. 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W Ah O o z 1—I 5 o o H co z < < a w o 0_ < a o CO H Z 5 o < __, o Ov l-H T-H Ol en as m H m Tf en o- rn en oo c- -* m vo vi © VO vo Tt; © p* d Tt Tt r- ** od Tf vi © ci fe 00 Ov es en cn o cn Ov o vd r- CJ en t> Tt cn d cn oi in r^ cJ rH © Tf o fN © l> o i-H Ov in Ov T-1 •> © © r-' r- cn oc vo ■^t (S m vo m in ""d" r~ r- i> m Ov. Tt Tt Tt ov in cn r- © m © o ts VO vo 0v Ov cn m m r- Tt n CA iO r- en Ov ©' © ■* OO oi Tt m Tt m en r-t cn cn Cl es 6r> 6ft- 6ft 6ft" <» 4» Vi- vt V¥ SO vy tn 6ft- ! OJ Ol m en © r- VO ! en Ov ov. ^t m fN VO vi od © cr^ oi vi m oi Ov Fore Devel men Fun ! ov © en Tf Ov Tf 00 r- j CO cn 00 Tf © m vo vo i oo" r-" fe cn rn" Tt vo" Ov" o^ ■ CA Tt ■sD © Ov t- cn en ! 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Tt Ov Ov cn Ov d r^ cn cn" r^ »ri © a. in Tt r- vo co ov co r-H 00 Ov 00 VO CO cn es CU © i-H CN Tt ©^ ph en r- VD © VD cs © cn NO o ©" Ov" tn ca x> "* v. 00 C- Tf Ov Ov" O s" vo" ov ov © m vo r-H cn Ol Ov cn Tf m OV r- n © cn tH OJ tH O oo «n cn cn Cl Cl O C- 00 cj" m oi Ol Cl N Cl ri (N 6ft .ft- tj% «9- 6ft- t«- V! 6ft <-/-:- 6ft- 6ft 'u a t> vd m ■<t en CJ ,_ © Ov OC VO VO VD VO vo VD VD vo m V S. "^ ■^^ *-v, ^^ ^^ vo m Tt cn oJ © O CO C vo vo vo vo vo vO VD m tn m Ov Ov Ov ^ Oi OV OV Oi ov Ov V. -X, -r, %Ti ■/■: -J-: \Ti Ti -j-- T. 1 0 i.ciciidcdi.oi(.ijcd oooooooooo 4 c u ? HHHHHHHHHH > « o i u e c a. e, i cu C 1 cc T ■C o "aj > a a tx z 116 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (144) FOREST REVENUE, FISCAL YEAR 1966/67 Timber-licence rentals and fees $658,404.29 Timber-berth rentals and fees 14,377.02 Timber-lease rentals and fees 76,466.69 Timber-sale rentals and fees 924,546.04 Timber-sale stumpage 39,932,312.11 Timber-sale cruising and advertising 234,829.49 Timber royalties 3,394.958.33 Grazing permits and fees 157,089.60 Forest protection tax 582,756.32 Miscellaneous 290,201.23 Weight scaling 358,789.16 Federal Forestry Agreement 1,889,537.14 Total $48,514,267.42 (145) FOREST SERVICE EXPENDITURES, FISCAL YEAR 1966/67 General administration, protection, and management of forests $13,481,948 Reforestation and forest nurseries 1,007,138 Forest research 84,305 Public information and education 60,914 Forest Service training-school 159,990 Grant to Canadian Forestry Association 17,500 Engineering services and forest-development roads 4,114,000 Fire suppression 858,600 Forest surveys 972,609 Silviculture 1,191,697 Grazing Range Improvement Fund1 81,714 Peace River community pastures 10,000 Forestry and Correction Camp Programme 13,000 Total $22,053,415 i Statement provided elsewhere. (146) SCALING FUND Deficit, April 1, 1966 $48,840.74 Collections, fiscal year 1966/67 2,062,566.69 $2,013,725.95 Expenditures, fiscal year 1966/67 2,111,120.95 Deficit, March 31, 1967 $97,395.00 Collections, nine months, April to December, 1967 1,597,477.43 $1,500,082.43 Expenditures, nine months, April to December, 1967 1,637,651.00 Deficit, December 31, 1967 . $137,568.57 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 117 (147) GRAZING RANGE IMPROVEMENT FUND Surplus, April 1, 1966 Government contribution (section 13, Grazing Act). Expenditures, fiscal year 1966/67_. Surplus, March 31, 1967 Government contribution (section 13, Grazing Act). Expenditures, nine months, April to December, 1967.. Surplus, December 31, 1967 $12,450.69 71,370.34 $83,821.03 81,714.00 $2,107.03 78,544.80 $80,651.83 59,957.34 $20,694.49 (148) PEACE RIVER POWER TIMBER SALVAGE Expenditures, fiscal year 1966/67. $2,064,210.19 Recovered from British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority 2,036,574.67 Balance $27,635.52 118 REPORT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (151) DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONNEL, 1967 Personnel Vancouver1 Prince Rupert Prince George Kamloops Nelson Victorias Total Continuously Employed Deputy Minister, Chief Forester, and Assistant Chief 2 13 3 96 15 73 87 6 5 92 6 31 18 34 9 2 28 2 10 2 85 1 8 5 1 4 41 3 8 39 5 1 3 2 13 2 3 100 4 36 5 1 5 35 8 51 2 2 2 15 6 1 1 125 3 3 30 1 5 2 5 36 1 51 3 1 2 2 12 2 2 115 2 4 25 3 32 2 3 4 6 2 3 99 27 5 35 5 14 2 1 36 31 97 69 1 10 13 24 61 4 6 2 3 District Foresters and Assistant District Foresters 10 162 Agrologists and Agrologists-in-training. Engineers ... __ _ _ 10 28 16 556 22 Scalers, Official , _- Scalers, Official, temporary _ Comptroller, Accountant, and Audit Assistants Engineering, Mechanical and Radio Public Information Officers 77 161 6 37 2 1 Reforestation, Research, and Survey Assistants 39 1 54 326 Superintendent and Foremen, Forest Service Maintenance Depot ,. 6 115 27 217 Truck, Tractor, and Equipment Operators Foremen Miscellaneous3 — - 34 28 99 520 218 269 293 204 545 2,049 Seasonally Employed 8 38 7 57 1 5 11 1 21 2 16 ----- 1 1 1 6 9 32 3 20 35 6 3 ~ 6 6 32 4 63 3 "ii 2 5 41 7 45 90 5 5 38 3 1 1 1,252 18 42 112 55 59 31 Patrolmen _ Lookoutmen. _ 1 164 24 202 Reforestation—Snag-fallers, Planters, etc 1,378 33 Student and Survey Assistants and Engineering Aides 42 121 Foremen - — 73 122 127 49 114 122 236 1,543 2,191 647 267 383 415 440 2,088 4,240 i Includes Vancouver Scaling Office and Forest Service Maintenance Depot. 2 Includes all divisional field staff except research personnel assigned to districts. 3 Includes Stockmen, Cooks, Flunkeys, Timekeepers, Utility Men, Key-punch and Data Processing Operators, Photographers, and Construction Accountants. * Includes Bridgemen, Powdermen, Carpenters, Launch Crew, Mechanics, Watchmen, Labourers, and Rock Drillers. Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1968 2,230-168-1140
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REPORT of the FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1967 British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1967]
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Title | REPORT of the FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1967 |
Alternate Title | REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1967 |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1967] |
Extent | Foldout Map: PROGRESS OF FOREST-COVER MAPPING BASED ON MAINTENANCE SURVEYS AND UNIT SURVEYS OF AREAS UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1967; Foldout Map: STATUS OF SUSTAINED-YIELD FORESTRY PROGRAMME AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1967 |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
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Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1968_V01_05_001_118 |
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Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2018-03-16 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0364472 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
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