PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL Annual Report of the Director of Correction for the YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1966 Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1967 Victoria, B.C., January 27, 1967. To Major-General the Honourable George Randolph Pearkes, V.C., P.C., C.B., D.S.O., M.C., CD., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: The undersigned has the honour to present the Annual Report of the Director of Correction for the year ended March 31, 1966. ROBERT W. BONNER, A ttorney-General. Department of the Attorney-General, Corrections Branch, Vancouver, B.C., November 1, 1966. The Honourable R. W. Bonner, Q.C., Attorney-General, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Corrections Branch for the 12 months ended March 31, 1966. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, S. ROCKSBOROUGH SMITH, Director of Correction. DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL CORRECTIONS BRANCH The Honourable R. W. Bonner, Q.C., Attorney-General. Gilbert D. Kennedy, Q.C., Deputy Attorney-General. SENIOR CORRECTIONS ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF S. Rocksborough Smith, Director of Correction and Chief Probation Officer. F. St. John Madeley, Acting Assistant Director of Correction. C. D. Davidson, Assistant Chief Probation Officer. HEADQUARTERS STAFF OFFICERS O. J. Walling, Rev. W. D. G. Hollingworth, Personnel and Staff Training Officer. Senior Protestant Chaplain. R. V. McAllister, Rev. T. F. M. Corcoran, Supervisor of Research. Senior Catholic Chaplain. R. G. E. Richmond, W. Lemmon, Senior Medical Officer. Supervisor of Classification. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS R. E. Fitchett (Personnel). E. M. Pierce (Training). M. M. Berg (Catering and Services). GAOL SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF W. H. Mulligan, V. H. Goad, Warden, Oakalla Prison Farm. Director, New Haven. J. Braithwaite, Warden, Haney Correctional Institution. ' ' „ _ _ Warden, Kamloops Provincial Gaol. H. B. Bjarnason, Warden, Prince George Gaol. S. A. L. Hamblin, G. Chapple, Officer in Charge, Vancouver Island Unit Officer in Charge, Chilliwack Forest Camps. and Sayward Forest Camps. PROBATION SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF A. A. Byman, O. E. Hollands, Supervisor, Vancouver Region. Acting Supervisor, Fraser Valley Region. A. E. Jones, J. Wiebe, Supervisor, Vancouver Island Region. Supervisor, Interior Region. J. V. Sabourin, Supervisor Parole and Special Services. BRITISH COLUMBIA PAROLE BOARD H. Keetch, Chairman. M. G. Stade, Secretary. Members: F. C. Boyes. Mrs. T. G. Norris. E. Kelly. O. Orr. S3 I 3 I ■5 o X s o c 1-4 > o ed o w to BJ CO -J H o H < 1 | 1 r ~1 1 1 01 bO XJ tf £ rt j~i to •i-l C w P QJ ■H to Cu - *g 0) i c i R D. ■■-I 01 -H •u d ■u » 01 a 5 (J 4-J •h c U 0) O G u -u u W o a) u at to •o •i-i ed to tj a. U B rt rt 3 u >. Cfl 4J U >-i 0) 4J rt 3 W rt O X 60 •rl O) 0 rt < s£ cS ■H u o 0) ■a £3 M O to H O Q to E-i W O M 3 U 0) -O Vh CO 01 VW 2 O o C O 4-t nj U4 u m m0i rt u j_> •H w <w tf o H bO 0) c d •H c C o -H 01 rt u u a H Pi i a U m H § 5 .-3 (4 o CO u 25 3i O CO M H H H Si cd o « s Oh to (0 to (0 M Ol a (U 01 o •H ■H ■rl Uh H-l VM V4H o VH iw O O O o o ■o •a *o •a •o 01 1—1 0) 01 0> 0) te i 4 p ■4 p 4 n to •d 01 > 01 u fs 0} u 0) u 0) o 1-H «H CO M-| I-I «4_| o M > tfl d d o o O -H e &o tfl <D > « o m »w •I-I to to w u sa fe CJ to H° a o d O > -H rt M C QJ O 4.) -rt rt 60 a> aj u ed rt O > i-H u rt oj d to o to -i-i U bO to OJ ed (-1 vw O O •H Jj i-l CJ tfl w d c o 60 QJ J3 r-( w n) Vj d o O Z -H DO 0) pi 01 o u rt Pm CO H CO 3 <; nd Ph CONTENTS Page Chapter I.—Review of the Year . 11 Chapter II.—Staff and Staff-training 15 1. Staff Turnover 15 2. Headquarters Staff . 16 3. Institutional Staff 16 4. Academy Traijiing 16 5. Basic, Field, and Advanced Training 16 6. Principal Officers' Leadership Training 17 7. Diploma Course in Corrections 17 8. Specialized Courses 18 9. Forestry Training 18 10. Chaplains' Conference 18 11. International Congress 18 12. Staff-training Grant 18 13. Federal Training Grant 18 BRITISH COLUMBIA GAOL SERVICE Chapter III.—Treatment of Men 19 General 19 1. Population 19 2. Capacity 19 3. Juvenile Admissions 19 4. Security 20 5. Discipline 20 6. Assaults on Staff. 20 7. Central Classification 20 Social Education 21 8. General 21 9. Lay Counselling 21 10. Group Counselling 22 11. Academic Training 23 12. Physical Training 24 13. Recreation 24 14. Library 24 15. Religious Training 25 16. Alcoholics Anonymous 25 Vocational Training 26 17. Haney 26 18. Oakalla 26 19. Vancouver Island Unit 26 DD 8 BRITISH COLUMBIA Page Chapter III.—Continued Forest Camps 27 20. Chilliwack Camps 27 21. Say ward Forest Camps 27 22. Kamloops Gaol Camps. 29 23. Haney Correctional Institution Camps 29 Specialized Institutions 29 24. Alouette River Unit 29 Work Programmes 31 Chapter IV.—Treatment of Women 34 General 34 1. Population 34 2. Discipline 34 3. Security 34 Social Training 34 4. Group Living 34 5. Group Counselling 35 6. Individual Counselling 35 7. Education 35 8. Volunteers 36 9. Recreation 3 6 10. Religion 36 Vocational Training 37 11. Work 37 12. Housekeeping and Maintenance 37 13. Vocational Course 37 Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit 37 14. Women's Drug Research Unit 37 Health and Welfare 37 Parole and After-care 3 8 Twin Maples Farm 38 Chapter V.—Health and Hygiene 39 Excerpts from Senior Medical Officer's Report 39 BRITISH COLUMBIA PROBATION SERVICE General 41 1. Probation Cases 41 2. Pre-sentence Reports 41 3. Case Loads 41 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 9 Staff.. Page 41 41 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 43 44 13. Victoria Family and Children's Court 44 14. Psychiatric Services 15. Search and Leadership Training 16. Marpole Hostel 17. Intensive Supervision 18. Group Counselling 19. Family Interviewing 4. Movement. 5. Training Treatment of Juvenile Delinquency.. 6. Juveniles Placed under Probation Service. 7. Transfers to Adult Court 8. Family and Children's Court 9. Family Court Committees 10. Appointment of Volunteer Probation Officers New Developments 11. Regional Development. 12. Field Offices 20. Educational Leave of Absence. 21. Parole Supervision Provincial Probation Offices Probation Statistics 44 44 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 47 APPENDICES Excerpts from Annual Report of British Columbia Board of Parole. Annual Statistical Tables 50 57 ' Annual Report of the Director of Correction CHAPTER I.—REVIEW OF THE YEAR The year under review showed slight increases in both the number placed on probation and the number committed to prison. The significant factor is the steady increase in the number of new probation cases over the average daily population figure for the gaols—684 as compared to 493 last year. While more extensive use is being made of probation, it is still confined mainly to those under 18 years of age. Only 836 of a total of 2,879 new probation cases this year were over the age of 18. This is at variance with the growing practice elsewhere of using probation for an increasing number of adult offenders with highly satisfactory results. The gaol accommodation situation has undergone little change during the course of the year, with the exception of the construction of two new residences at the Alouette River Unit for alcoholics, which provided accommodation for an additional 102 alcoholic offenders, and the remodelling of the kitchen at Oakalla Prison Farm, both of which were badly needed. Peak occupancy periods during February and March led to serious overcrowding in all gaols, and the need for more accommodation is still urgent. The three oldest institutions—Oakalla Prison Farm, Kamloops Gaol, and the Vancouver Island unit on Wilkinson Road, Colquitz—are completely outmoded and unsuitable for modern methods of penal treatment. However, the staffs of these three institutions continue, against formidable odds, to carry out their duties to the best of their ability under conditions as they exist. Of particular concern is the receiving and discharge unit at Oakalla. Up to 250 men are processed daily through this unit—on admission, discharge, proceeding to Court, or on transfer to another institution. The conditions described in previous Reports still prevail, with the added deterioration brought about by an additional 40,000 man-movements, in and out of the prison, during the course of the year. The Waiting Trial Wing, with an average daily population of 209, continues to present a problem in terms of the inadequacy of the accommodation for men locked up for the greater part of each day. In spite of the constant vigilance of the staff, acts of violence occur, the result of pent-up tension and suppressed frustration which can find no harmless outlet. Facilities for the observation and treatment of mentally disturbed prisoners at Oakalla are sadly inadequate. The 37-per-cent increase in the number of prisoners committed to mental hospital from this prison is perhaps to some extent a reflection of the times in which we are living. None the less, the responsibility for the prevention of any deterioration in mental health and the creation of an atmosphere conducive to the growth of mental stability should be the prison's. A transfer to mental health hospital for a period of weeks followed by an early return to the same conditions does not offer a solution. The establishment of a psychiatric ward with trained staff within the prison or, alternatively, adequate provision for the accommodation in secure quarters in the Provincial Mental Hospital of prisoner- patients for the total length of their sentence, if necessary, is a high-priority need. The present plans currently under way for the extension of the Prince George Gaol should, when completed next year, provide sufficient accommodation to look after all northern prisoners for the time being. The proposed plan for a satellite forest camp to the Prince George Gaol has unfortunately not as yet been implemented. 11 DD 12 BRITISH COLUMBIA The contract for the construction of a camp for women at Twin Maples, near Ruskin, has now been let and should be completed in the next fiscal year. It is proposed to use this camp as a treatment facility for alcoholic female offenders, along the same lines of the Alouette River Unit for men. This facility will ease the overcrowding at the Women's Unit at Oakalla. The problem of the increasing turnover of gaol staff, reported last year, continued unabated throughout the current period and rose from last year's 10.8-percent turnover to 20.1 per cent. The reasons for the high turnover are many, and include:—• (1) The calibre of personnel required. Staff are expected to set an example by their own standard of conduct and behaviour, both on and off the job. (2) The exacting conditions of a disciplined service, dealing constantly with some of the most difficult men and women in the community. Conditions of service necessitate frequent week-end and night duty as well as attendance in emergencies and escapes at any time. (3) The danger at all times of violence. Where the police deal with a cross- section of the general public in the course of their duty, the prison officer spends all his duty time mixing with prisoners, many of them hostile and aggressive and easily upset, attempting to get them to do things they often do not want to do (for example, work, exercise, education, etc.), usually unarmed and frequently alone. (4) The low basic salary, which does not compare favourably with the higher wages and more favourable employment conditions prevailing in industry and commerce. The high turnover of gaol staff brought about a dearth of experienced officers. It takes an average of two years to train an officer, providing he has the qualities of personality and character to profit from the training, and another two years to qualify him as a first-class officer. The circular chart on page 15 shows in graphic detail the wastage of experienced first-class trained officers with over four years' service. Men with this training and experience are readily enticed into industry with offers of higher salaries and less exacting employment. Correctional programmes, the continuity of inmate training and custody, all suffer as a result of these separations. The increased training given both recruits and experienced officers in the Gaol Service is dealt with in some detail in Chapter II. There is no doubt that this concentration on training is having its effect and is reflected in the encouraging parole statistics reported in the appendix to this Report. The number of short sentences under 30 days continues at a high level (over 50 per cent of the total), and the number of sentences under six months remains fairly constant at over 75 per cent of the total. Sentences of under one month have little training value and can scarcely be considered as a deterent. Prison administrators are at a loss to know what to do with these men, for there is insufficient time to teach them a skill, and all too frequently they possess none; they are employed in routine cleaning jobs about the institution for the length of their short stay, and are released with no job, no skill, and frequently no funds. Those with an alcoholic problem and with a sentence of over 30 days are transferred to the Alouette River Unit. The success this unit is achieving is described in Chapter III. To benefit fully from the treatment programme at the Alouette River Unit, a man should have at least two months to serve. With the 11-per-cent increase in the number of offences under the Government Liquor Act noted in this year's statistics, there is a need for increased treatment facilities for the REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 13 alcoholic. It is to be hoped that the plans for completing the Alouette River Unit will be reactivated during the coming year so that additional accommodation will be made available. The Half-way House, established at Haney by the Maple Ridge Half-way House Association as a stepping-stone for re-entry into the community for men released from the Alouette River Unit, has proven most successful. This house, accommodating up to 16 men at one time, affords the support so badly needed by rehabilitated alcoholics attempting to re-establish themselves in the community. Many more such establishments are needed throughout the Province, and it is to be hoped that this successful experiment will be duplicated elsewhere by groups of public-minded citizens. A great deal of credit is due to the Alcoholics Anonymous organization for its leadership in this movement. The increase in probation services and parole supervision points up the need for additional resources in the community. Probation supervision by itself can only accomplish so much. Suitable substitute homes, group-living hostels, community activity groups, search and leadership training courses, and on-the-job training opportunities are some of the necessary tools required by the Probation Officer to complement adequately his supervision. Much use has yet to be made of volunteers to assist the Probation Officer by taking an interest in individual probationers. As a private individual, a volunteer may often be able to establish a positive relationship with an offender who rejects any contact with officials. The members of the British Columbia Borstal Association have pioneered the use of volunteer sponsors in connection with institutional after-care in this Province, over a period of nearly 20 years, with remarkable success. The right type of volunteer, suitably matched to the personality and temperament of a probationer and working closely with him, could be of great assistance to a Probation Officer saddled with a heavy case load and only able to see his probationers on a weekly basis for minimal periods of time. The responsibility for the recruitment and training of suitable volunteers might well be undertaken by members of Family and Children's Court Committees with guidance from their local Probation Officer. The successful development this year of the first probation hostel in British Columbia, in Vancouver, has shown what can be done with those difficult probationers who require a condition of residence as part of their probation order. The establishment of additional hostels throughout the Province would undoubtedly cut down on the number of juveniles presently being committed to the Brannan Lake School or transferred to Adult Court. In this connection it should be noted that the number of juveniles transferred to Adult Courts in the Province, for the lack of satisfactory alternative resources for juveniles, rose by 32 during the current year to a total of 210. News that the Salvation Army is purchasing farm property in the Langley district for the development of a hostel residence for youthful probationers, similar to its House of Concord in Toronto, is indeed welcome. Any such development will receive the whole-hearted support of the Probation Service. The assignment of additional Probation Officers to supervise those young-adult offenders released on parole from the Haney Correctional Institution, the Westgate Unit at Oakalla Prison Farm, and selected forest camps has demonstrated the need for closer integration between institutional training, parole release planning, and supervision in the community. It is planned in the new year to establish a parole unit within an institution, on a trial basis, to attempt to bring about better coordination of the total services provided the young-adult offender. It may well be that the future will bring a much closer integration of institutional and probation workers into one corrections service. The taking-over of all casework, both within DD 14 BRITISH COLUMBIA and without correctional institutions, by the Probation Service in the United Kingdom is worthy of closer study. It could well provide a better co-ordinated service with uniform training, the opportunity for improved after-care, increased promotional opportunities, and the more economical use of staff with a subsequent financial saving. With the increasing implementation of the Family and Children's Court legislation, introduced in 1963, many municipal governments are at the point of entering into negotiations with the Province with a view to establishing a Family and Children's Court in their areas on a cost-sharing basis. The servicing of these new Courts with Probation Officers skilled in handling family problems and matrimonial conciliation cases will place a heavy strain on the Probation Service. The importance of this type of service, stressing prevention, dealing with family problems before they reach the point where a Court appearance is the only alternative, cannot be overemphasized. In view of the competition in business and industry for university graduates with training in the behavioural sciences, every effort is being continued by whatever means possible (the printing of brochures, public advertisements, talks to undergraduate clubs and high-school vocational groups, and published articles) to present probation as a challenging and worth-while career to the university graduate. Some success is being obtained, but if we are to continue to expand the Probation Service at the present rate, further consideration must be given to increasing the salaries of the various grades of Probation Officer to make the position more attractive. It is well to remember that, from a financial point of view alone, one person placed on probation rather than committed to an institution represents a cash saving of over $3,000 per year to the taxpayer. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 15 CHAPTER II.—STAFF AND STAFF-TRAINING 1. Staff Turnover Throughout the Gaol Service, recruitment of staff has been a major concern. Higher wages and more attractive working conditions in industry caused many resignations, particularly amongst staff with only a few years of service. During the year, 353 men and women were taken on strength and 234 left the Service. The rate of separations, or staff turnover, almost doubled during the year, reaching 20.1 per cent. This is the second consecutive year in which this index has increased, as indicated below:— 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 8.1 1964/65 1965/66 Turnover Percentage Change 13.9 9.5 — 31.7 8.1 -14.7 10.8 +33.3 20.1 +87.0 Most of the separations occurred amongst those with least seniority in the Security Officer category. The total separations of those holding Security Officer rank was 162, or 69.3 per cent of all those leaving the Service. An analysis of gaol staff at the end of the year disclosed that 38 per cent had less than two completed years of service and 57 per cent had less than five years of service. This continued wastage of staff seriously affects efficiency because of the time that must be devoted to training replacements. It also increases the security risk when inexperienced staff are responsible for inmates. To overcome the wastage of staff through resignations, it was necessary to recruit vigorously throughout the year. Applicants were interviewed from many Provinces. One of the most productive devices was the manning of the display booth at the Pacific National Exhibition by uniformed staff in an attempt to interest as many as possible in a career in corrections. A sub- dlstribution of gaol staff by completed years of service as at March 31, 1966 15-19 yrs. - 4% 30 or more years - 1% DD 16 BRITISH COLUMBIA stantial number of applicants resulted from this effort, and the staff who participated are to be commended. Unfavourable publicity stressing negative aspects of Oakalla Prison Farm hampered recruiting at times. 2. Headquarters Staff Dr. M. A. Matheson, Assistant Director of Correction, was granted one year leave of absence in January. Mr. F. St. John Madeley, Probation Officer 4, was seconded in February from the Probation Service, Fraser Valley region, to the post of Acting Assistant Director of Correction during Dr. Matheson's absence. Mr. E. M. Pierce, Senior Correctional Officer at Oakalla Prison Farm, was promoted in March to Administrative Officer 2 at headquarters. 3. Institutional Staff There were 109 promotions within the Service during the year. These included the following: To Deputy Warden, 4; to Senior Correctional Officer, 9; to Principal Officer, 26; to Correctional Officer, 66; to Counsellor 2, 4. The Service lost two devoted senior officers in the death of Deputy Warden M. H. Adams of Oakalla Prison Farm in November and Deputy Warden T. S. Pink of Kamloops Gaol in May. Both these officers died after extended illnesses. Mr. Adams joined the Gaol Service in 1932 at Oakalla; his courage and devotion to duty was always an inspiration to his fellow officers. Mr. Pink was appointed to the staff of the Young Offenders' Unit in 1955 and later served at Prince George Gaol and Kamloops Provincial Gaol; he worked tirelessly to improve the standard of inmate training programmes. Both these officers left their mark on the Service and will be long remembered for their contribution. 4. Academy Training On October 26th two classes numbering 46 Security Officers graduated from the first two courses of academy training at Oakalla Prison Farm. It had long been recognized that pre-job training was necessary to cut down on staff turnover and to put competent men on the job. An extensive recruiting campaign was launched throughout British Columbia in January of 1965, with the assistance of the National Employment Service. In February of 1965 a two-day planning session was conducted with senior staff at Oakalla to determine the content of pre-job training, the responsibilities for the leadership in this training, and the methods of training to be used. The result was a 64-day academy course, which commenced March 15, 1965. The content of academy training consisted of orientation and field, basic, and advanced training, which had previously been given during the first two years of an officer's career in the Service. It also included 64 hours of foot drill, physical training and self-defence, completion of the St. John Ambulance first-aid certificate requirements, instructional techniques, and group-discussion techniques. Twenty- six days of the course were devoted to rotation in various job situations of the Security Officer. Course members were assigned topics to present to the class. The response to this approach was encouraging. A third academy class was planned to start in February, 1966, but recruitment difficulties forced its postponement indefinitely. This type of training will be continued as soon as the staff situation permits. 5. Basic, Field, and Advanced Training It had been hoped that academy training would eventually replace the field, basic, and advanced training courses, but an overlap was found necessary, at least REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 17 for the first few years of academy training, in order to complete the training of those hired before the start of the academy programme. The following summary gives the number of officers whose training was completed under the old scheme:— Type of Training Number Trained Field 163 Basic 247 Advanced 92 Since 1962, 38 advanced training courses have been conducted, and 605 of the 625 officers who took the course successfully completed it. 6. Principal Officers' Leadership Training The third annual sitting of the Principal Officers' qualifying examination was held March 14, 1966. One hundred and eight officers wrote the examination and 63 or 58.3 per cent qualified. Of the three sittings held to date, 510 have written and 284 or 55.8 per cent have qualified. Through assessment of job performance and examination results, it became evident that many officers of good potential were having difficulty in their role as supervisor and in providing leadership to subordinate staff. In order to overcome these difficulties a Principal Officers' Leadership Training Course of three weeks' duration was initiated in January, 1966, with 16 officers from all units attending. The premise " leadership is learned, not taught" had been selected as the focal theme in organizing the course. The role of the instructor was to raise questions related to on-the-job situations, to help the class look for alternate solutions to problem situations, to clarify issues, and to provide resource material. In this way, responsibility for planning and organizing was given the class, and the instructor was left free to co-ordinate content and to insist on standards. The course took on the dimensions of a workshop with a limited amount of " information giving " and the class members themselves motivated to " information seeking." The course was demanding of both time and effort on the part of the class and instructor, but the participation and learning were considerable. The response of the class to being given responsibility for many details of the running of the course was most favourable and resulted in each member devoting an average of about 45 hours of his own leisure time to studies and planning. A high sense of achievement was felt by participants, and most thought they had found the answers to many on-the-job problems. The feed-back two months after the course finished was that it had been the most useful training in which members had participated. 7. Diploma Course in Corrections In order to improve the theoretical background of gaol staff and Probation Officers without university degrees, a three-year night-school course was initiated in October, 1965. Successful candidates will receive a Corrections Diploma, to be issued by the Vancouver City College at the conclusion of the three-year period. The curriculum includes courses in elementary psychology and sociology, theories of crime causation and criminology, administration of justice, correctional techniques (individual and group counselling), as well as courses in effective communication and supervisory techniques. Each year consists of 80 hours of classroom instruction. This year's class was open only to Probation Officers and Gaol Service officers of the rank of Principal Officer and above. These officers will proceed to the next phase of the course in 1966, while it is intended to select a new class to attend the second running of the first four topics. The Department bore the expense of this course, but staff were required to attend during off-duty hours. DD 18 BRITISH COLUMBIA 8. Specialized Courses Specialist courses were not conducted this year, and limited use was made of Department of University Extension courses due to the start of the diploma course in corrections. A total of 24 staff participated in University Extension courses in adult learning, family counselling, and principles of interviewing. 9. Forestry Training Nine officers attended a three-day course at the Forest Service training-school conducted by the British Columbia Forest Service. All successfully completed the course, which was of similar content to previous years. 10. Chaplains' Conference In January a two-day conference for all Service chaplains was convened by the senior Protestant and Roman Catholic chaplains. The participants included nine Protestant and eight Roman Catholic chaplains. The conference took the form of a workshop with the theme of group leadership. 11. International Congresses The Director of Correction was a member of the Canadian delegation attending the United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of the Offender, held in Stockholm during August. Seven senior staff were selected to attend the International Congress of Criminology, held for the first time in Canada, at Montreal in September. 12. Staff-training Grant The staff-training grant provided a wide range of services. It provided for the diploma course, three senior officers attending the Civil Service Executive Development Course, nine officers participating in partial graduate and undergraduate university training, and partial assistance in the form of bursaries to one Probation Officer taking his Bachelor of Social Work and one taking his master's in Sociology. 13. Federal Training Grant Two officers were assisted with bursaries toward social-work training. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 19 BRITISH COLUMBIA GAOL SERVICE CHAPTER III.—TREATMENT OF MEN General 1. Population The average daily population of male prisoners reversed last year's downward trend, climbing to 2,195 compared to 2,088 for the previous year. The increase was 107 or 5.1 per cent. On March 31, 1966, there were 2,369 male inmates on the register, compared to 2,268 for March 31, 1965, an increase of 101 or 4.4 per cent. The average daily population reached a peak of 2,443, the highest figure in our history, in February, but dropped to 2,369 at the end of the year. 2. Capacity During the year, capacity was increased by the opening of two new dormitories, housing 51 inmates each at the Alouette River Unit and by opening a closed wing with a capacity of 30 at the Vancouver Island Unit. The following table shows the capacity and average occupancy of the various units, and indicates that overcrowding was still a problem, requiring solution at Prince George and at Oakalla:— 4 Peak Occupancy Oakalla Prison Farm.. Chilliwack Forest Camps.. Haney Correctional Institution and camps.. New Haven Vancouver Island Unit and camps Kamloops Provincial Gaol and camps.. Prince George Gaol 1 2 3 Maximum Daily Per Cent Capacity Average Occupancy 942 993 105.2 246 231 93.0 521 453 86.9 42 35 83.3 250 200 80.0 167 168 100.6 97 115 118.6 1,184 251 519 42 252 173 137 It is apparent from a comparison of columns 2 and 4 in the above table that practically every unit suffered from overcrowding at some time during the year. Construction of an addition to the Prince George Gaol and the planned construction of its satellite camp will relieve the overcrowding there, but the rapid population growth in the northern regions of the Province may necessitate further expansion of facilities in the north. An increase in capacity is planned for the Kamloops Gaol, with the acquisition of the buildings on the site of the former Royal Canadian Navy ammunition depot east of the city. These buildings are being reconstructed to provide additional accommodation and will eventually replace the old gaol situated in the downtown section. 3. Juvenile Admissions The number of male juveniles admitted to Oakalla is still cause for grave concern, although there was a decrease from 214 in 1964/65 to 202 in the year under review. Of this number, 24 were 15 years of age or under, the same number as in the previous year. The total number of males under 18 admitted to all receiving institutions was 258. Plans were under way at the end of the year to provide separate secure accommodation for all males under 18 on remand or waiting trial at the Haney Correctional Institution rather than at Oakalla. DD 20 BRITISH COLUMBIA 4. Security The number of escapes continued its upward trend, from 106 last year to 137 this year. Of the latter number, 14 ran away from Lakeview Camp, where they were undergoing a physically demanding programme, designed to challenge the value system of overly aggressive and hostile young inmates. These escapes represented a rejection of a deliberately difficult programme and had been anticipated as a risk in planning the training syllabus. There was no appreciable increase in escapes from other open facilities. The great majority of escapees were apprehended within 24 hours, and almost all received additional imprisonment for then- escapes when they were tried in outside Court. With increased use of camps, one-third of the prison population is now housed in open facilities. 5. Discipline It is gratifying to be able to report a decrease in inmate infractions of Gaol Rules and Regulations and a year free of any major outbreak against discipline within the gaols. There was, however, a refusal to work at Lakeview Camp on Vancouver Island, which necessitated charging the six ringleaders in outside Court. There were substantial decreases in disciplinary problems where programme was intensified or revitalized. Particular attention is drawn to the Westgate A area of Oakalla, where, as a result of programme changes, the number of disciplinary charges dropped 63.4 per cent and the number of incidents requiring segregation as a punishment dropped 69 per cent. Vancouver Island Unit, despite an increase in capacity, reported a decrease in infractions to 102, compared to 120 the year before. One unit was selected for an experiment at Haney. A Trainee Disciplinary Panel was set up, with the Principal Officer acting as a resource person to the Panel in its deliberations. Infractions in the selected unit decreased significantly. Trainees who had to sit in judgment on their fellows gained a new insight into the necessity for authority. This experience contributed to their retraining for life in the community. 6. Assaults on Staff The number of incidents of assaults on staff remained unchanged at 31. Over hah these assaults occurred in the last half of the year. In almost every case, charges were laid in Magistrate's Court, resulting in additional prison terms for the inmates involved. A number of sentences were appealed by the Crown where it was felt they were insufficient to act as a deterrent. Such appeals resulted in substantial increases in prison terms. The additional penalties set by the Court of Appeal gave recognition to the seriousness of this type of offence. A total of 26 inmates was involved in these assaults; two were involved in three assaults each and one in two assaults. Fortunately, none of the assaults was as serious as the one reported last year. 7. Central Classification During the year the Central Classification Committee made 2,894 initial classifications and 454 reclassifications, a total of 3,348 in all. This was only a very slight increase over the preceding year. The reclassifications were by reason of escapes, parole violation, medical needs, or changes in training plans. The following tables give details of the classification decisions:— REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 21 INITIAL CLASSIFICATIONS Chilliwack Forest Camps Oakalla Prison Farm Haney Correctional Institution Vancouver Island Unit Snowdon Forest Camp Lakeview Forest Camp New Haven Total 817 1,070 468 271 158 61 49 2,894 RECLASSIFICATIONS To— From— Oakalla Haney Vancouver New Haven Prison Chilliwack Correctional Snowdon Lakeview Island Farm Institution Unit Chilliwack Forest Camps 91 4 2 2 Oakalla Prison Farm 7 92 10 3 15 4 Haney Correctional Insti tution 26 1 45 14 1 Vancouver Island Unit— 8 1 1 9 1 Snowdon Forest Camp..... 7 1 3 1 Lakeview Forest Camp_. 5 1 3 New Haven 5 14 2 6 Parole violationl 11 18 30 2 8 Totals 160 117 106 6 42 17 6 1 These were " technical " violators who did not receive additional sentences. Throughout the year all those units not receiving prisoners direct from the Courts were kept as close to capacity as possible in an effort to reduce the Oakalla population. Social Education 8. General A programme of social retraining suffers from severe limitations when it has to deal with a high proportion of short-term prisoners. Despite this handicap, a continuing effort was made to reach these inmates and bring about a change in their attitude and behaviour. Both lay and group counselling programmes were expanded and intensified during the year. Throughout the Service the deportment of staff contributed greatly to social re-education by setting an example of firm but fair treatment. Staff are commended for the fine example they set, even in difficult situations. At Haney an interesting innovation was a compulsory programme, conducted by hospital staff, of social education for new trainees in personal hygiene and sex education. The programme was introduced in an attempt to supplement the lack in home training of most trainees. 9. Lay Counselling During the past year more staff have been involved in lay counselling, particularly at Oakalla, where an increasing number of experienced staff members have been assigned small case loads of inmates for individual counselling. While rapid turnover of staff has created difficulties in expanding this activity and in training staff to handle this kind of assignment, it has not been allowed to halt expansion of the programme throughout the Service. The effect on the morale of inmates has been noticeable. Amongst the benefits cited in reports from unit heads are improved work output, fewer disciplinary infractions, and better relationships between staff and inmates. DD 22 BRITISH COLUMBIA Counselling was stepped up in the South and West Wings of Oakalla, which house prisoners awaiting trial or appealing. The preoccupation of these prisoners with the progress of their cases often limits counselling to such topics as Court procedure and case presentation. The younger " waiting trial" inmate in prison for the first time responds to lay counselling because he finds it helps him to deal with a new and threatening situation. Older prisoners and recidivists, however, are highly resistant to this approach, as they are to practically all programmes aimed at an individual's problem areas. They rationalize their resistance by claiming they are innocent people and therefore devoid of problems. A more intensive programme has helped improve the morale of inmates in these two wings, and many more inmates have been taking advantage of the opportunity to talk about their problems to staff members. 10. Group Counselling Previous reports have outlined group counselling as an experimental programme. Last year's report indicated that it had become standard practice in all institutions and forest camps. We have now been able to pin-point specific gains which have followed the widespread introduction of group counselling. These benefits have been classified into (1) personal benefits to the inmate, (2) improved rehabilitation prospects, and (3) benefits to prison administration. Unfortunately, it is not possible to present statistical proof of these benefits, but trained officers have identified the following gains:— Personal benefits to the inmate: (i) Prisoners come to grips with their own weaknesses and problems, (ii) They learn to think about themselves constructively, (iii) They learn increased awareness of their self and are thus better prepared to face reality, (iv) Hostility toward staff and other inmates is lessened, (v) Communication skills are improved. (vi) They learn the satisfaction that comes from helping others. Improved rehabilitation prospects: (vii) Changed attitude toward authority, better socialization, (viii) More realistic release planning, (ix) Greater acceptance of the individual's responsibility toward community, (x) Improved personal confidence, ability to express themselves and their ideas. Benefits to prison administration: (xi) Decrease in bullying, (xii) Disciplinary infractions lessened both in frequency and severity, improvement in prison behaviour, (xiii) Prisoners become more accessible to other programmes, such as lay counselling, (xiv) Prison staff gain a better understanding of inmates and thus become more effective, (xv) Unrest amongst inmates is detected early and before it becomes explosive. Group counselling has definite limitations. Rapid turnover of the prison population prevents the formation of group cohesion amongst short-term prisoners, with the result that group discussion rather than group counselling takes place. In other words, the group fails to come to grips with a real problem but discusses it on a REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 23 surface, superficial level, avoiding the real issues. However, such discussions are not valueless as they still give inmates practice in communication and expression of their ideas. Almost all units had voluntary groups in operation, which would indicate that inmates themselves recognize the value of group counselling, as they would not otherwise devote their own time to these groups. Some of these voluntary groups are operating at a level that is comparable to group therapy. Of special interest was the abreactive group, so called because the majority of the group members have participated in or are about to undergo this kind of therapy. Its members are highly motivated toward change. Through their participation in the group meetings have come results which have been most gratifying. Another group which was worthy of note was composed of trainees living in semi-isolation in the segregation units. The group was led by a Correctional Officer specially trained for this purpose. As might be expected, this was a particularly difficult group, but the results to date have shown a marked change for the better in many of its members. Groups function best where group leaders have received training and where skilled supervision is available for group leaders. 11. Academic Training Substantial gains were made by all units in the number of inmates taking correspondence courses. At Oakalla the increase was one-third, and the Warden recommended the appointment of a full-time teacher to assist inmates with their courses. At Vancouver Island Unit and at Prince George compulsory courses for illiterates continued. Some graduates of these courses have embarked on correspondence courses at the elementary-school level. At Haney, where academic training is a part of the daytime programme, 236 trainees were enrolled in 361 secondary correspondence courses, and there was a definite trend toward concentrating effort on fewer courses. The decreasing age of inmates at Haney (average 18.6 years), coupled with a lowering of the academic achievement level of new trainees, placed a heavy load on remedial classes. Tests revealed that many had an operational level much lower than their school records indicated, and it was found necessary to redesign some pre-vocational training courses to meet this situation. At times the waiting list for remedial classes approximated the combined total of all trainees awaiting vocational shops. Although the accelerated Grade X courses had a most successful year, here also a critical situation developed due to the extra background preparation required by some trainees. For many, attendance at remedial classes unlocked the door to further training in classrooms or shops. Direct teaching with its immediate rewards has been found more effective than correspondence courses for trainees at this elementary level. Of last year's total of 57 remedial pupils, 20 entered the Industrial Mathematics Course leading to vocational training. Eleven remedial-class graduates were enrolled in a Business Arithmetic Correspondence Course, their first step into secondary education. For the remainder, the remedial class, with improved basic schooling, was the training goal. Inmate students in Oakalla and our smaller gaols are hampered in their efforts to better their education by lack of space for quiet study; however, the number of inmates currently engaged in correspondence courses is gratifyingly high. While many find correspondence courses difficult to follow without the aid of qualified teachers, with the help they receive from enthusiastic staff members the results are encouraging. Educational films have proven beneficial in stimulating interest, particularly at Oakalla and at the Vancouver Island Unit. DD 24 BRITISH COLUMBIA 12. Physical Training Compulsory physical education for inmates under 35 was initiated at the Vancouver Island Unit, where there was a qualified P.T. instructor on staff who gave instruction for an hour five days a week. Although compulsory, there was only one incident which involved disciplinary action for refusal to take part. Some inmates over 35 volunteered to participate in the programme. At Haney, physical training became an integral part of the pre-release programme by requiring trainees to reach a certain level of accomplishment before they would be recommended for appearance before the Parole Board. All trainees were tested as part of the intake process and were made aware of the standards they would have to reach in four months time. Only if they failed to achieve these standards were they assigned to compulsory physical training classes. A system of achievement awards, consisting of badges in three colours corresponding to colours used in Olympic awards, was introduced to give recognition to those who reached certain standards. 13. Recreation A varied and active programme of recreation, including sports, hobbies, and interest groups, continued an important part of leisure-time activity in all camps and institutions. Team sports have been actively promoted because of their importance in developing the social skills which so many young inmates lack, and which are so necessary to succesful integration into community life after release. The involvement of inmates in coaching, arranging schedules, and refereeing games enriches the programme by providing opportunities to put into practice within an institution many of the requirements necessary for social adjustment which came up for discussion in lay and group counselling sessions. The difficulties inmates encounter, both in organizing and participating in these activities, have provided alert staff with opportunities to relate these difficulties to situations in the community. A varied recreational programme reduced boredom in our prisons. It also provided opportunities for self-expression and for the development of new skills and interests leading to the growth of self-confidence. Many inmates experienced for the first time the sense of satisfaction that comes from successful completion of a project or the acquisition of a new skill. Amongst the new developments this year was the implementation of a compulsory recreation programme for difficult prisoners at Oakalla. After some initial difficulties, the project gained acceptance and has made this group more tractable and improved its morale. A hobby-supply control centre was established at Oakalla to provide improved opportunities for inmates to participate in hobby activities and better control hobby supplies. The variety of interest groups in operation was remarkable. Many of the groups owe their existence to the enthusiasm of staff members, which stimulated new interests amongst their charges. Their zest was the spark that kindled a new flame. 14. Library The lack of a librarian at Oakalla has limited the effectiveness of library facilities. At Haney, however, where a librarian is employed, library use continued to increase and reached a total attendance of 27,122, or an average of 101 trainees per night. An average of 400 books were out on loan daily, and total circulation during the year reached 21,741. Careful selection of books for the interests of REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 25 trainees has reduced " escape " reading and fostered a trend toward increased non- fiction reading. The demand for " westerns " was noticeably less. 15. Religious Training Protestant and Roman Catholic chaplains have given dedicated service in a most difficult field. Regular services have been held, and most have been involved in individual counselling activities as well as in religious discussion and instruction. Increasing use was made of discussion groups in which subject-matter was not restricted to spiritual concerns but expanded to include moral and ethical problems faced by inmates both within and without the institution. Audio-visual aids, such as films and filmstrips, records, and tapes, have been increasingly used to stimulate discussion. Family services at Haney and New Haven have continued to meet with good support. A special service of particular significance was the dedication on July 22, 1965, of the Church of the Good Shepherd at Mount Thurston Camp, one of the Chilliwack Forest Camps. This chapel represents the first building designed and constructed solely as such in the British Columbia Gaol Service. It was constructed entirely by inmate labour. There has been a noticeable trend amongst Protestant chaplains toward an informal rather than traditional service of worship. This type of service seems to appeal to inmates by its very simplicity. The chaplain of Oakalla reports:— " I am becoming more convinced that traditional church services of whatever denomination do not provide the best means of communicating with the men in this prison. There seems to be a great gulf fixed between those on the platform and those in the congregation. I am not yet in a position to recommend a remedy for this problem. However, on the last Sunday in January and on Easter Day, I conducted what I called ' experimental' church services. At these services I was assisted by the inmate concert party from Westgate B. I was grateful for the willing help and interest of these men. The service was quite simple and consisted of various vocal and instrumental numbers, such as spirituals and more modern religious songs and some secular songs. In lieu of a sermon, I simply commented on the words and music we were hearing along with reflections on erroneous ideas about religion. I also used prayers phrased in contemporary English about matters concerning today's living. I think we succeeded to some extent in demonstrating that church services can be pleasant. Familiar words and music—familiar to so many of the men who seldom, if ever, attend church in the community and therefore find traditional forms of worship foreign—can be used quite validly in the worship of God. We have at least 175 men attending on an average each Sunday, and this is a great opportunity." A Lenten mission was held for four days at both Oakalla Prison Farm and the Haney Correctional Institution. The mission was conducted by the Right Rev. Chandler Sterling, Episcopal Bishop of Montana. Bishop Sterling, who earned his way through his divinity training by playing jazz piano with professional dance bands in the United States, had an unconventional approach and met with considerable response, particularly at the Haney Correctional Institution. During the 1965 Vancouver crusade of Billy Graham, a large number of trainees from the Haney Correctional Institution were permitted to attend a session, which left a considerable impact. 16. Alcoholics Anonymous Throughout the Gaol Service, Alcoholics Anonymous groups continue to function. In most cases the sponsor was a staff member, frequently the chaplain. The DD 26 BRITISH COLUMBIA Senior Protestant Chaplain represents the Gaol Service on the Alcoholics Anonymous committee which oversees Alcoholics Anonymous groups functioning in institutions. While inmate participation in these groups may not always be sincere, the programme does reach a number of inmates, and many are put in touch with community Alcoholics Anonymous groups on release and continue their membership. Vocational Training 17. Haney The past year was a most successful and challenging one in all areas of vocational training. There have been a greater number of course completions within this programme than in previous years. An increasing number of those released found employment in trades they studied while at the institution. All vocational instructors at Haney are fully qualified. Their consistency, patience, motivation, and encouragement were instrumental in achieving the increased course completions. Reclassification of trainees who could not settle down or cope with their work was reduced by refining classification procedures and by development of the unit team approach. The unit teams, by improved communication, have been instrumental in keeping training objectives clearly in front of trainees and staff alike, and thus have added to the purposeful pursuit of training goals. Inspection of the vocational programme at Haney was made at required intervals by Mr. P. McGregor, Vocational Inspector for the Department of Education. His reports were favourable, in spite of the limitations of ageing equipment. Much of this equipment is now 9 years old and does not reflect the new techniques and equipment found in modern industrial shops because of technological changes of the past decade. 18. Oakalla Vocational training, as in previous years, was geared to the various production shops and maintenance work within the institution. There has been a noticeable decrease in the trade skills of new inmates. The present training has been designed to encourage any inmate with a complete lack of skills to gain some sense of accomplishment. His interests are explored and tested by assignment in varying jobs. If he lacks interest, he is moved to another area with the hope that he will adapt somewhere along the line. If he shows interest in a particular phase, he is given instruction and employed as a helper to another inmate with more skills and experience. Every attempt is made to establish good work habits and to provide practical on-the-job training. Although this procedure has many drawbacks, a surprising number of inmates have acquired skills which have aided them in finding employment on release. In many instances the necessity of meeting production goals has limited the opportunities for vocational training. Of the inmates employed in the steam plant, one completed and passed the third-class engineering course from Victoria, one passed the Government Inspectors' examination for third-class engineers, and another inmate passed a similar examination for fourth-class papers. Men assigned to the Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit learn baking by producing all the bread and buns used at Oakalla. 19. Vancouver Island Unit An instructor in carpentry was hired to provide training in this trade at the Vancouver Island Unit. In addition, vocational skills were imparted by informal on-the-job training in welding, auto mechanics, cookery, and butchering, as well as in greenhouse work and farming. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 27 Forest Camps 20. Chilliwack Camps These four camps in the Chilliwack River valley continued sawmill and reforestation programmes, as well as advancing the construction of a new camp. In the sawmill at Mount Thurston Camp, 194,948 board-feet of rough lumber were produced. The planer processed a total of 288,710 board-feet, of which roughly one- eighth was cut in the sawmill at Haney. In reforestation, the programme included field planting 550,000 seedlings and transplanting 519,000 seedlings in the nursery. In addition, a number of areas were cleared of hardwoods, brushed out, and prepared for replanting. The hardwood was salvaged for fuel for heating purposes. At the end of the year, construction of the new camp at Ford Mountain to replace the old camp at Tamihi Creek, was well advanced. The camp consisted of five 12-man living units of 860 square feet each, ablutions building, kitchen and mess hall, and an office building containing a lecture and group counselling room, a medical and first-aid room, and six cells. Inmate labour was used throughout. The improvement in morale resulting from a construction project of this nature was impressive. A pilot pre-parole programme involving 15 to 18 young offenders was instituted. The programme involved regular attendance at group counselling sessions, the completion of at least one correspondence course, some interest in hobbies and sports, and achievement of above average work habits, conduct, and attitude. A total of 21 inmates underwent this programme and were released during the year on British Columbia parole. Only four revocations have occurred amongst this group to date, although not all paroles have been completed. Centre Creek Camp was electrified and a 200-gallon water tank, 30 feet high, constructed at that site. Crews from this camp slashed 3.5 miles of a 70-foot-wide right-of-way for the Chilliwack Forest Development road, and in addition cleared 1,000 feet, 100 feet wide, for the Ford Mountain Lookout Road. During June to August, 80,000 feet of logs were salvaged from a 4-mile log jam on the Chilliwack River. Although group counselling in the Chilliwack camps is not compulsory except for those in the pre-parole group, 95 per cent of the men are involved. Lay counselling, on a case-load basis, was extended to include almost all inmates. Weekly meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous groups were started in October, 1965, with an average of nine participants from each camp. Inter-camp meetings were held each month, with outside speakers participating. Each month one representative from each camp was allowed to attend a community Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. These delegates took back matters of interest to their own groups. There were no escapes or disciplinary infractions resulting from this community involvement, which helped to broaden the scope of the Alcoholics Anonymous programme and contributed to the sense of purpose of the participating inmates. Inter-camp soccer and baseball schedules operated in season, and a successful sports day was held in the summer. Hobbies were actively fostered, and a number of items were displayed in a booth at the Chilliwack Fall Fair. Family visits were encouraged by assigning one Sunday each month for visits to each camp. Visitors were transported by chartered bus from Chilliwack to the selected camp and returned after the visiting period. 21. Say ward Forest Camps At Snowdon Camp, the training emphasis was on the establishment of good work habits through forestry work. Achievements during the year included the transplanting of 400,000 2-year-old trees, the pruning of 15 acres, and the preparation of 12 acres for transplanting. In addition, 17,784 man-hours were devoted to DD 28 BRITISH COLUMBIA clearing old logging-roads as forest access roads and the operation of a road patrol during the wet weather to ensure that ditches and culverts were kept clear. During the fire season, three fire-suppression crews were formed and assisted in controlling seven fires. When not engaged on forestry work, men from this camp serviced nearby campsites of the Department of Recreation and Conservation. Over 12,000 man-hours were spent servicing Morton Lake, Miracle Beach, Quinsam, and Elk Falls campsites. Community service projects included repairing toys for Christmas distribution by local service clubs and participation in two Red Cross blood donor clinics. From August 1, 1965, the camp came under the Vancouver Island Unit for administration. Inmates were selected by Central Classification from first offenders considered to have a high potential for training and subsequent re-establishment into the community. Lay counselling was extended to short-term prisoners on a case-load basis, and a voluntary advanced group functioned in the group counselling programme. An active sports, hobby, and a voluntary Alcoholics Anonymous programme completed the leisure-time activities for this camp. At the Lakeview Camp, staff difficulties were encountered in the Search and Leadership Training (SALT) programme. In an effort to overcome some of these difficulties, responsibility for administration of the camp was transferred to the Vancouver Island Unit, effective August 1, 1965. Although the situation improved, it was not found possible to recruit suitable staff for such a demanding programme in sufficient numbers to enable the Search and Leadership Training to continue. As a result, the SALT programme was reluctantly suspended and the camp programme redesigned as a normal forestry camp at the end of February, 1966. The application of Outward Bound training principles to corrections, which formed the basis for the SALT programme, has shown what can be achieved in changing the attitude and outlook and in challenging the anti-social value system of the hostile, aggressive young inmate who has failed to respond to the more conventional training programmes. It is to be hoped that we will be able to reintroduce this type of training, perhaps in a modified form, when suitable staff are available. In a rigorous programme such as Search and Leadership Training, accidents are bound to occur. Fortunately, most accidents were of a minor nature. One that was not involved a staff member who slipped on glacier ice while leading a mountain-climbing expedition. He received multiple injuries, none of which were of themselves severe. However, the combination was serious. Rescue and first-aid techniques, taught as part of the SALT course, were put to practical use as the inmates effected a rescue in rugged mountainous terrain. Had the course not been effective in changing attitudes, developing skills, relationships, and a sense of responsibility, a fatality might well have occurred. Last year an additional 48 inmates took the SALT course. Only 28 completed it. Sickness, escapes, and behaviour resulting in disciplinary action and removal from the course were but a few of the ways inmates used in attempts to evade the demanding challenges placed before them. Those who had been depending on bravado and bluff were soon exposed. A significant change in the reconviction rate was effected amongst those who successfully completed the course, many of whom were well on the way to a lifetime of crime. Had they not had the course, their chances of survival in the community without further criminal activity would have been slight. In its role as a forestry camp, Lakeview Camp was involved in slashing, pruning, burning, and general clean-up at Wolf River and McCreight Lake, as well as in manning lookout stations and in fire suppression at Armour Lake, Quadra Lake, Roberts Lake, Mount Kitchener, and Pye Lake. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 29 22. Kamloops Gaol Camps Clearwater Camp has assisted three Government departments—Highways, Recreation and Conservation, and Forest Service—in this year's operations. In addition, a great deal of maintenance and many camp improvements were effected. These included new roofs and eaves, exterior painting, completion of a hobby-shop, enlargement of the chapel area, construction of a log retaining-wall at the camp entrance, as well as construction of a rustic fence, over a mile long, to keep range cattle out of the camp-site. In addition, a tangle of fallen trees creating an unsightly fire hazard was cleared and the area transformed into a garden plot. Rayleigh Camp operated more as a wing to the main gaol than as a forestry camp, with a selection of short-term prisoners serving sentences from 30 days to six months. Its farm operation was expanded, and 80 tons of potatoes were harvested. Most of these were transported to other institutitons to save on food costs. A small-scale cannery preserved surplus garden produce for later use. Some 38 head of young beef were purchased for the anticipated weight gain expected from growth and good pasturage. Of these, 26 were slaughtered, with an estimated 9,500 pounds gain in weight. In both camps, counselling programmes were expanded and an active sports schedule followed. Alcoholics Anonymous groups continued, with outside speakers attending meetings. 23. Haney Correctional Institution Camps Gold Creek Camp continued to function as a pre-release camp designed to reorient to community life those about to be paroled. The training schedule involved hard work during the day, coupled with discussion groups focusing on four areas of individual adjustment. These groups, with skilled leadership, discussed individual and family living, the proper use of recreation, and the responsibilities of citizenship. They attempt to help inmates identify their past problems of adjustment and help them develop successful ways of dealing with these problems on their release. The work programme saw the start of a long-range log-salvage project which will provide fruitful occupation for many years to come. There are some 300 to 600 acres of drift logs available in upper Alouette Lake. During high-water periods, these logs are collected in booms and towed to the lower lake, where salvable logs are separated from useless logs and debris. In low-water periods, the waste material is burned. The useful logs are delivered to the sawmill for cutting into lumber. A tugboat, camp tender, and three work boats were used in this work. Pine Ridge Camp continues as an honour camp for those whose behaviour merits the reward of living outside the Haney Correction Institution during the later stages of their training. Forty of the 55 inmates returned to the main institution daily, on their own, for their regular training assignments, 15 were employed operating the sawmill and planer, while the remaining 10 were employed on camp maintenance. During the past year the planer-mill was completely rebuilt and returned to full-scale operation at the year's end. The sawmill cut 103,856 board-feet of lumber of various dimensions. In addition, 766 cedar fence-posts were split by hand and 75 shake blocks cut. The Forest Service commended both staff and inmates for the excellent efforts of the fire-suppression crew. Specialized Institutions 24. Alouette River Unit The year was one of expansion and consolidation at this unit. It was tripled in size with the construction of two new dormitories of concrete-block construction. Total capacity is now 153. The staff complement has been increased to 45, doubling DD 30 BRITISH COLUMBIA the numbers reported last year. Staff training and orientation created some problems, but these were solved without serious disruption of the programme outlined fully in last year's Report. There were 886 admissions, including readmissions, during the year, and 752 were discharged. The average length of stay was 5.8 weeks. Statistical reviews, conducted at six-month intervals, have demonstrated continuing substantial success for this experimental programme, as shown by the following table:— Number released up to December, 1965 576 Admissions with 20 or more convictions 42 Admissions with less than 4 convictions 22 After 6 to 11 months freedom— Percentage not reconvicted 34 Percentage reconvicted only once 22 After 12 to 17 months freedom— Percentage not reconvicted 28 Percentage reconvicted only once 14 Of 45 first and second offenders, only two were reincarcerated, which gives evidence of the prophylactic effectiveness of the unit with the early alcoholic offender. These figures demonstrated that the carefully planned programme, administered by an enthusiastic and imaginative staff, has successfully pioneered a significant breakthrough in the pattern of repeated arrests to which the alcoholic offender is subject. The programme hinges on four concepts—the regeneration of self-respect, help and encouragement of facing up to the problem of alcoholism, the redevelopment of sound work habits, and assistance in formulating plans for life in the community following release. The objective is to motivate the resident to a desire for behavioural change for the better. Once this has been accomplished, he is helped to develop to the point where he is ready and willing to take his place in society as an honest, law- abiding, useful, and happy citizen. To the alcoholic this means, first and foremost, sobriety. Methods used to achieve these objectives include individual and group counselling; various techniques to bring back lost self-respect and to dispel the feeling of hopelessness; religious instruction; Alcoholics Anonymous meetings; group contact with the Alcoholism Foundation; rehabilitative courses (designed to inspire and revive interest rather than to re-educate); talks by visiting speakers; films of general interest; and the instillation of good work and personal habits. Underlying these methods is a basic faith, held by all with whom the resident comes in contact, in his ability to make something of himself with the right help. After-care.—Post-release planning while within this institution, followed by suitable after-care, was vital to success in most cases. Rehabilitation Officers, working within the unit and serving as a link to the outside community, deserve particular mention for their contribution. Tribute is also paid to the Maple Ridge Half-way House Society, which was formed to operate a hostel for recovered alcoholics. The venture originally started as a volunteer service in April, 1965, but it soon became apparent that community support was required if the Half-way House was to survive. This was accomplished by the formation of the Maple Ridge Half-way House Society in the latter half of the year. Success ratios have been significantly better when referral to the Half-way House was a part of the release plan. Some Success Stories.—The following typical success stories, in which all names have been disguised to protect the identity of the resident, are quoted from a report by the Senior Rehabilitation Officer in October, 1965:— REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 31 " Mr. Sam L., released on April 21, 1965, passed through Maple Ridge Halfway House into a job in Langley. He has continued close association with the A.A. programme and has recently visited the Alouette River Unit with a community A.A. group. Working, sober, and looking prosperous, he has had a great effect upon his former skid-road acquaintances. " Mr. David R., age 45, released on parole on August 2, 1965, to Maple Ridge Half-way House. Now employed in construction work, he has remained sober and can already look back on himself objectively. He does not remember such a long period of sobriety since his youth. " Mr. Joseph S., age 42, released July 7, 1965. Though given only a fan- chance of success due to the severity of his alcoholic problem (22 previous admissions to Oakalla Prison Farm), he has remained sober with A.A. help and is holding down a steady job at a foundry. He also has returned to the Alouette River Unit with visiting A.A. groups to persuade old acquaintances that they too can change. "Mr. Harry B., age 47, released October 15, 1965, has already obtained his longest period of sobriety out of gaol for years and is looking forward to his first Christmas outside gaol in 17 years. " Mr. James A., age 35, released on August 27, 1965, is one of the few Indians to understand and admit his alcoholic problem. He has a steady job and anticipates the day when he can return to the Alouette River Unit to try to motivate other Indians to tackle their drinking problems. "Mr. Carl J., age 31, left the Alouette River Unit after a second visit on August 26, 1965, with 53 previous admissions to prison, and asked for referral to the Half-way House. He now admits that his reasons did not include a desire for sobriety. However, after a short period of hanging back at A.A. meetings he was selected group chairman, since then he has developed considerably in self-respect and in his understanding of his problem. He has not had a drink since he left the Alouette River Unit." Work Programmes Productive work well performed continued to be the principal objective of the work day programmes in all institutions and camps. In the larger institutions, maintenance and the day-to-day " housekeeping " work involved in keeping a large population of prisoners housed, fed, and clothed absorbed a substantial portion of the inmate force. Prison industries and vocational training programmes absorbed another substantial portion of those available for work. The therapeutic value of work is enhanced if it contributes to the common good of society. To this end, work programmes of assistance to other departments of Government have been actively sought out. In this way the taxpayer gets some return for the otherwise unproductive expenditure of public funds in maintaining prisons and camps. A brief review of these types of programmes is of interest and indicates the nature and extent of the contributions thus made. Forest Service.—The forestry camp programmes, guided by the Inter-departmental Rehabilitation and Forestry Committee, continued to expand in all phases. Some mention of facets of this programme has been made above, and the following table sets out salient facts of the substantial contribution made by the forest camps to the economically important forest industry of the Province:— DD 32 BRITISH COLUMBIA SUMMARY OF FOREST CAMP WORK PROGRAMMES Totals Chilliwack Camps Haney Correctional Institution Camps Say- ward Camps Kamloops Camps Prince George Camps Miles of road construction in which camps assisted Miles of trail cut Acres planted, reforestation Acres cleaned, weeded, thinned, or pruned Acres cleared and burned for nursery use „... Seed-beds constructed Trees planted, reforestation (thousands) Seedlings transplanted, nursery (thousands) Seedlings lifted for field planting (thousands) — Manning secondary lookouts (man-hours) Fires in which inmate crews assisted . Helespots constructed Logs sawn to lumber (m.b.f.) 11 22% 370 545 11 280 232 ,818 ,438 640 23 2 299 I 15 252 120 80 519 550 4 195 250 5 639 838 2 104 Vi 140 6 40 400 50 640 11 43 35 240 35 260 75 117 Substantial savings were effected by utilization of the lumber mentioned above, which was used for a variety of purposes by both the Gaol Service and Forest Service. For example, almost all the lumber required for the new Ford Mountain Camp came from the two sawmills at Pine Ridge and Mount Thurston Camps. A review of the types of services performed for other departments of Government is of interest:— (1) For Recreation and Conservation Department: Clearing camp-sites of winter debris. Road and trail construction, gravelling and grading. Construction of safety fences at view points. Grading and regravelling parking-lots, boat-launching ramps, tent and picnic sites. Cutting and stack-piling firewood. Brushing out undergrowth to improve camp-sites and preparation of new camp-sites. Slashing and clearing rights-of-way into new camp-sites. Clearing floating driftwood from Alouette Lake. (2) For Highways Department: Manufacture of blanks for highway signs. Cutting bridge and culvert timbers. Grading and clearing bank slopes. Clearing bridges of heavy snow. Sanding and salting hills. Filling and repairing roadside sand boxes. (3) For Provincial Secretary's Department: Opening and closing graves and cemetery maintenance at the Provincial Home for the Aged, Kamloops. (4) For British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority: Cutting and peeling power poles. Assistance in power-line construction. (5) For British Columbia Ferry Authority: Manufacture of wheel blocks for Government ferries. (6) For internal use in Corrections Branch: Manufacture of socks for inmate wear. Manufacture of file cabinets. Manufacture of new inmate boots. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 33 Repair of boots. Manufacture of denim uniforms, cooks' whites for kitchen wear. Construction of some office furniture. Farm operations — growing produce, raising hogs and chickens, grazing cattle for beef. Canning of surplus produce for later use (Kamloops). Farm Programmes.—There was some curtailment of the farm programme of the Kamloops Gaol and its satellite camps. The golden nematode infestation created difficulties at the Vancouver Island Unit farm. Otherwise, all farming operations were carried on successfully. For example, produce from farms at Oakalla, Vancouver Island Unit, Rayleigh, and Prince George included the following used in kitchens throughout the Gaol Service with substantial reduction of food costs: Beef, 21 tons; pork, 74.5 tons; eggs, 23,000 dozen; milk, 28,000 gallons; carrots, 41.5 tons; cabbage, 45 tons; turnips, 29 tons; potatoes, 153 tons. In addition, substantial quantities of vegetables were used as cattle and hog feed. DD 34 BRITISH COLUMBIA CHAPTER IV.—TREATMENT OF WOMEN General 1. Population Admissions during the year reached 1,254, an increase of 16 over the previous year. The daily average population also increased from 134 to 141, as compared to the rated capacity of 138. The highest daily average population figure was 141. Overcrowding continued to pose problems which had adverse affects on programme, staff, and inmates. It is hoped that the new Twin Maples Unit will alleviate overcrowding at the Women's Gaol shortly. The number of inmates of Indian origin remained fairly constant at about half the population. More than two-thirds of the women came from the Lower Mainland of the Province. The proportion of illiterates remained fairly constant, at about 13 per cent. Three-quarters of the women were confined for liquor and narcotic offences. Although the numbers transferred to the Provincial Mental Hospital decreased from 18 to 12, emotionally disturbed inmates continued to pose a major problem. 2. Discipline There were no serious disciplinary outbreaks during the year and only one serious assault on staff members, despite an increasingly sophisticated type of inmate. Prisoners on remand or awaiting transfer to a Federal penitentiary continued to be the principal source of disciplinary problems. 3. Security There were no escapes from the Women's Gaol during the past year, but the Chief Matron reports an increasing escape risk because of a higher proportion of aggressive and combative prisoners. It is still necessary to house prisoners requiring maximum security in the central part of the main building, through which most of the daily traffic must flow. Structural changes will be required to correct this situation. Social Training 4. Group Living The treatment programme is based on group living, with the inmate population divided into 10 groups. The intent is to approximate the therapeutic community concept. There are limitations, however, in achieving this objective imposed by custody and security aspects, the physical plant itself, which was not designed for this type of programme, and by the high proportion of inmates with short sentences. This proportion varies from day to day, but remains fairly constant at about one-third of the total population. The inmate serving a short sentence receives little benefit from the group- living experience, but the remaining two-thirds do benefit from it. It is estimated that a minimum of three months is required for the programme to have an appreciable impact. Seven of the 10 groups live in more or less self-contained units, which facilitate group counselling and allow discussion of problems which arise in the group setting. The give-and-take discussions, by means of which these problems are solved, is a highly effective socializing medium. Inmates learn to consider the feelings of others and to control themselves for the benefit of the group. Stronger members of the group support and help the weaker ones. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 35 5. Group Counselling All staff members participate in formal weekly group-counselling sessions. These meetings assist in assessing the progress of each group. The Drug Research Unit, composed of addicts who volunteer for this unit, is housed in a self-contained Pan-Abode cottage. It appears to be more advanced than the others in its use of group counselling. This is mainly because (a) its members volunteer for this type of programme; (b) they live in a self-contained unit, which promotes a flexible programme; (c) they do their own pay ratings and institutional adjustment reports; (d) they have a project which makes them financially independent of former undesirable associates; (e) the additional staff working with this unit enables the fuller use of day parole. The group is therefore able to see concrete results for its efforts; (f) the staff of the Drug Research Unit are dedicated to the counselling programme and are a small group of integrated workers who communicate group interaction and moods to all staff working with the group. The two cottage groups—one composed of first offenders and inmates from rural settings, and the other of native Indian women with a drinking problem—are particularly susceptible to counselling because they live in dormitories. Their members cannot retreat to their own rooms to avoid personality difficulties. Therefore, these groups have many opportunities to apply group counselling informally, and staff are quick to use opportunities to work out adjustments within the group. Whereas formerly they took their problems to a staff member, expecting her to correct the situation, they have now come to accept that all problems must be discussed in a counselling session. The effectiveness of the group-living experience and of group counselling is somewhat limited in the five groups housed in the main building because these inmates have to conform to work schedules which limit counselling sessions. The two groups which have separate self-contained living-quarters gain more from group counselling than do the other three groups not having the advantage of separate living-quarters. 6. Individual Counselling Whereas the focus of group counselling is changing the inmate's value system and helping her to adjust in a group situation, individual counselling is directed toward solution of specific problems, either of adjustment within the institution, in cases where group counselling has not had the desired result, or of problems rooted in the community life of the inmate. There were over 1,200 individual counselling interviews held last year. Interviews based on adjustment within the institution were usually initiated by staff. However, many were sought by the inmates themselves when community problems were involved. Such counselling attempts to help the inmate to assess herself and her circumstances and encourages her to make use of the appropriate community resource for her problem. Many of the interviews were followed by referral to social agencies for appointments to discuss problems of special concern with professional counsellors. 7. Education The schoolroom can accommodate 10 students, and seldom was this capacity not fully utilized. Inmates studied a total of 16 courses, of which seven were commercial, five were academic, three were vocational, and one was art. Fifty-five tests DD 36 BRITISH COLUMBIA were written during the year. Most of the results obtained were over 75 per cent; 21 achieved 90 per cent or over. There were no failures, and those who failed to achieve high marks were working up to capacity. One student earned a typing proficiency certificate with a speed of 53 words per minute. 8. Volunteers Volunteers, either individually or in groups, made an outstanding contribution to the social development of the inmates. Some provided instruction in specific skills, such as dancing, public speaking, and various sports. Entertaining the volunteers adds to an inmate's poise, and all such contacts provide an opportunity for the women to mix with members of the community who have no authority over them and who stimulate and broaden their outlook. New vistas for normal living are opened up for those from deprived backgrounds who have known nothing but depravity, exploitation, degradation, and rejection throughout their lives. Staff found that reticent inmates were drawn out of their shells and began to relate to staff in a meaningful way as a result of these volunteer visits. Members of the Elizabeth Fry Society continued to support and encourage the efforts of students. They brought in speakers from vocational schools and the Special Placements Section of the National Employment Service, who were most willing to assist girls wishing to continue their education on release. Members were often able to relay gratifying news of former students who are continuing their studies or working and making a real effort to lead a normal life. Captain Kerr, of the Salvation Army, continued to lend her staunch support and friendship to students. She arranged for them to stay at the Catherine Booth Home upon release, if they wished to do so, and was always ready and willing to help if needed. A volunteer group of university students visited regularly and gave the young narcotic addicts group opportunities to meet intelligent people of broad outlook. By their interest and warmth they stimulated many valuable discussions. Alcoholics Anonymous and the Legion of Mary continued to support the social training programme by providing a sustaining positive influence. A number of church groups were again active throughout the year. 9. Recreation Interest in sports was maintained through group competition, league play, and tournaments. All groups became involved in the badminton tournament during the month of March. A track and field meet held June 14th was the culmination of a month-long practice of all groups for the various events. First, second, and third prizes were given for the athletes obtaining the highest points. Participation in events was keen and outstanding. Thirty-eight games were played against teams from the community during the softball season. Volunteer coaches were helpful in contacting teams for league play and in developing good teams in the institution. At the termination of the season, September 18th, a barbecue for the ball teams was held, and trophies were presented. Swimming at the lake-shore commenced the last two weeks of June and continued until the end of August. All sentenced women participated in this activity once a week. 10. Religion Both chaplains held regular Sunday services at the Women's Unit throughout the year. In addition, a padre's hour, though held during the inmates' leisure time, drew consistently good attendance on a voluntary basis. These periods featured REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 37 religious films and group discussions on religious topics. In addition, the two chaplains were available for individual consultation. Vocational Training 11. Work Good work habits continued to be the basis of training. Slipshod performance was never tolerated, and most inmates soon learned to develop a sense of satisfaction from a well-done job. Retraining in good work habits was stressed as an important part of rehabilitation. As in other years, the total population was engaged in housekeeping, maintenance, and vocational or occupational training. 12. Housekeeping and Maintenance Laundry.—Fifteen to twenty inmates work in this department. Kitchen.—Training in the kitchen, which continued to produce meals of a high quality, provided many inmates with a saleable skill on release. Cookery skills are also of value to those returning to housekeeping in their own homes. Maintenance.—The building and grounds were kept clean and in good condition. Much of the interior of the main building was repainted. Carpentry.—This programme resulted in many improvements and minor repairs to the buildings. 13. Vocational Courses The cosmetology course occupied eight inmates at all times. Some girls earned certificates and found work in this field on release. The home-nursing course was not in operation throughout the whole year because transfers to the Twin Maples Farm absorbed some of the women assigned to it. However, a new course is now functioning, and it is planned to continue throughout the forthcoming year. The power-sewing department suffered from lack of a qualified sewing instructor. Both production and training were adversely affected by frequent changes in staff. This department was moved to a new location during the year. Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit 14. Women's Drug Research Unit This unit continued to focus its programme on group counselling. The type of group counselling strived for in the unit can best be described as problem-solving, here and now, on a reality basis, directed toward conditioning the group to meet its goals. The group continued to keep up its weekly visit to The Woodlands School for retarded children. This year they took on another project, that of assisting the C. G. Brown Pool staff to teach retarded children to swim. The children are always very happy to see the " blue ladies " (Women's Drug Research Unit inmates) and are learning how to swim. In turn the " blue ladies " are gratified by the progress of their charges. Health and Welfare Obstetrics and gynecology were the main reasons for the 463 referrals to the Vancouver General Hospital. Some minor surgery was performed at the prison hospital, mainly for removal of tattoos, suturing, rhinoplasty, and removal of a lipoma. DD 38 BRITISH COLUMBIA Seventy-nine psychiatric interviews were arranged during the year. A small psychiatric ward where severely disturbed women could be segregated would be a substantial improvement to the facilities at the Women's Unit. Parole and After-care Twenty-two full paroles were granted, of which 12 were successfully completed and four are still in effect. Only six failed and had their paroles revoked. Ten day paroles were approved. A remarkable success was achieved by women released on parole from the Narcotic Drug Treatment Unit. All eight women granted day parole successfully completed it. Of the seven released on full parole, six successfully completed their parole periods and one was still on parole at the year's end. Twin Maples Farm The farm continued as a minimum-security facility for women, housing an average of 20 inmates. Some 200 women passed through this unit during the year. Those selected had short sentences, came from rural settings, and were considered to be good security risks. Many were first offenders and native Indians with drinking problems. As its name implies, farming is the focus of the work programme, but skills in cookery, laundry work, sewing, and housekeeping are also imparted. Group and individual counselling are integral parts of the social education programme. During the year, 270 hours were spent in group counselling. Community groups have been of great assistance in helping residents to mix socially. An Alcoholics Anonymous group meets regularly, and various church groups have assisted in the social programme. Compulsory evening classes for those with Grade V education or less have been operating throughout the year. In addition to those required to attend, a number voluntarily participated in order to improve their reading, spelling, grammar, and arithmetic. Substantial gains were achieved by women from remote areas of the Province, where educational opportunities are limited or non-existent. Recreation included contemporary and social dancing, art, indoor games, folk singing, flower arrangements, and native handicrafts. In the summer months, outdoor games, cook-outs, and picnics were added to the programme. Religious services for residents, the great majority of whom were Roman Catholics, were conducted by the Senior Chaplains. At the end of the year, the new dormitories and administration offices were under construction. When these are completed, capacity of this unit will be increased to 60. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 39 CHAPTER V.—HEALTH AND HYGIENE The Senior Medical Officer reports as follows:— " There has been an inevitable expansion of all medical services throughout the year under review. The different types of correctional units required wide and readily adaptable medical resources. Wherever people are deprived of their liberty, there are special problems posed, and even in the minimum-security establishments, such as the camps, the attending doctors are confronted by many situations which they would not meet elsewhere; it is greatly to their credit that the general health and safety of so many prisoners employed so actively with all the hazards, for example, of working in the bush, have been maintained at a high level. We appreciate the willingness of heads of units to accept partially disabled inmates and find wholesome and appropriate activities for them as opposed to the alternative of confinement in a regional gaol. " Perhaps the most pressing need of a strictly medical legal nature is that of ensuring that no prisoner complaining of illness or injury is first attended or diagnosed by any professionally unqualified person. In other words, there should be readily available at all times the services of a male or female psychiatric nurse or someone with an up-to-date industrial first-aid certificate or similar diploma in all correctional institutions or units. "As always, the major focus of medical comment is Oakalla Prison Farm. There are six physicians on the roll of part-time attendants, and I have continued to spend the greater part of my time there. We have been able to retain the psychiatric services of Dr. A. M. Marcus, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, and Dr. E. Mellor, in charge of the Riverdale Unit, Riverview Hospital. Dr. Mellor was of great help in the screening of mentally ill patients for admission to Riverview Hospital. Dr. Marcus's sessions have been devoted to psychiatric assessments. There has been no resource for psychiatric treatment as such. We have found our psychiatric bed in the Fairview Pavilion at Vancouver General Hospital of great assistance, mainly in the carrying-out of intensive psychiatric and psychological investigations in certain highly selective cases. " The general medical services have again been remarkable for the unstinted co-operation of the staff at the Vancouver General Hospital with its accompanying facilities. " Except for a brief period, the 12 beds in Fairview Pavilion I have been continuously utilized. I doubt if any other correctional agency in Canada has the facility of so many specialist services on an out- and in-patient basis. In the years past we have failed to record adequately our appreciation of this. It is stimulating to all of us in prison medical work to have the privilege of such close contact with a general hospital of such eminence as the Vancouver General Hospital. " The technical services of the prison hospital at Oakalla Prison Farm have been used both by the physicians there and the Vancouver General Hospital. All departments in the central prison hospital have been actively engaged during the year. A considerable share of this responsibility is borne by the Superintendent of Nurses, Mrs. I. Passey, and it is largely due to her that there has been such competent co-ordination of medical services and personnel. Much of the surgery and most of the technical medical investigations for trainees at the Haney Correctional Institution have been carried out in the central prison hospital. Mrs. Braun has contributed a great deal in her role as physiotherapist to both the Haney Correctional Institution and Oakalla Prison Farm inmates. DD 40 BRITISH COLUMBIA " Facilities for observation and treatment of mentally ill prisoners at Oakalla Prison Farm are sadly inadequate. The observation ward in the prison hospital has not proved to be a suitable area for close observation. The plumbing has been found to be inadequate to handle the antics of those who try to choke it. For more intensive psychiatric care we require a psychiatric annex with all it implies in the way of supplying approved mental health services. The 128 transfers during the year to Riverview Hospital for psychiatric care document this pressing need. " We regret to record two suicides (one male, one female) during the year. There were 50 episodes of self-injury, and 20 attempts at suicide by hanging. The self-injuries are more the nature of rage directed inwardly and of attention-seeking; nevertheless, the incidence is an indication of the need for more facilities for the very disturbed young people to ventilate then problems with the help of skilled counsellors. Prisoners awaiting trial or appeal are held for many months due to the prolonged processes of law, and during this inactive confinement become apprehensive, depressed, and hostile. This presents a flourishing medium for morbid and spiritually noxious influences. " I have continued to visit the Haney Correctional Institution on a regular basis. It has been most encouraging to observe the efforts and achievements of the staff in the training of so many grossly maladjusted offenders. "At New Haven I have maintained the practice of general medicine with routine psychiatric assessments of each trainee and also see those referred by the social worker. The Central Classification Panel has found it necessary to send some quite disturbed young people there, and inevitably some of these have absconded, though some have succeeded on their return despite initial failure. The New Haven curriculum, with the relatively small number of trainees involved, continues to highlight the success of such methods which make possible such concentrated care and attention, which demands behaviour of high calibre. " Perhaps, from a medical observer's point of view, the evolution of treatment focused on changing the offender at the Alouette River Unit has been a most welcome event. The staffing accommodation and functioning of this unit is an earnest of both science and humanity in the correctional field. It is hoped that similar efforts will be exerted in the area of follow-up within the community. " Medically there was little of significance to report from other sub-units, where health matters were well cared for by local practitioners. The only exception was a mild outbreak of infectious hepatitis at one of the Chilliwack camps. The outbreak was confined to one camp and quickly brought under control." REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 41 BRITISH COLUMBIA PROBATION SERVICE General 1. Probation Cases During the year under review, 2,879 persons were placed on probation. This number marks an increase over the previous year of 298 cases. Of the total number, 314 were women, approximately 11 per cent. Similar to last year, approximately 67 per cent of the total number placed on probation were under the age of 18 years, 21 per cent fell between the age of 18 and 24 years, inclusive, while the remaining 11 per cent were 25 years of age or older. 2. Pre-sentence Reports It will be noted from the appended statistical report there was an increase in the number of pre-sentence reports prepared where some disposition other than probation was made. During the year, 1,223 reports were prepared on juveniles, while 1,747 were prepared on adults. These figures indicate definitely that while the Magistrates' and higher Courts of the Province do not use probation as a method of treatment as frequently as perhaps they might, nevertheless these Courts are obtaining social investigations on the offenders, realizing this information is an effective asset in sentencing. 3. Case Loads As at March 31, 1966, there were 995 adults and 1,390 juveniles under probation supervision. In addition to this total of 2,385 cases, the following were also under supervision: 20 parole cases from the National Parole Service, 205 Provincial parole cases, and 117 on release from Provincial training-schools. At the same time the Probation Service was giving supervision to 259 under maintenance orders, while a further 205 were being supervised and counselled on a voluntary basis. The Probation Service was involved in post-release planning for a further 216 offenders in either Provincial gaols or training-schools who were being considered for release on parole or provisional release. The number of cases receiving supervision as well as those for whom post-release plans were being formulated totalled 3,407, an increase of 255 over the previous year. A marked increase will be noted over the previous year in the numbers being given a service as a result of a maintenance order having been made against them, as well as those receiving a service on a voluntary basis. This trend has resulted from greater emphasis being given to the extension of the Family and Children's Court concept, which stresses preventive measures at the local community level. As at the end of the year, the average case load per officer in the field was 47.3 cases, a marked drop over the previous year. In addition, an average of 41 pre-sentence reports was prepared by each officer during the year. In spite of the general average reduction in case loads, certain officers carried case loads substantially higher than the average, and reductions in such case loads can only be effected by additional personnel. Staff 4. Movement Compared to the previous year, there were considerably more staff changes. A total of 36 new appointments to staff was made during the year, and 12 persons were separated. Of the 12 separations, three were Probation Officers-in-training who, it was felt, would not become efficient Probation Officers; three left the Service DD 42 BRITISH COLUMBIA to accept other employment; one officer returned to university; and the balance were separated for various reasons. Of the 36 new appointments, 27 were university graduates, while a further eight had prior gaol service or experience as a Probation Officer in another country. During the year one staff supervisor was appointed to give supervision to the officers engaged specifically in parole duties, as well as to assist in the development of specialized programmes and facilities. 5. Training Two 16-week orientation courses were conducted during the year, the first commencing in May and the second in October. The first course consisted of 12 officers (10 men and two women), while the second course was composed of two women and eight men. One person in each course did not meet the standards required. These training courses were again held at New Haven, and the instruction was provided by senior staff of the Probation Service. As in previous years, many field trips were made by the trainees to institutions and social agencies, giving them the opportunity to become familiar with the policies and practices of various community resources. These orientation courses provide training quickly for inexperienced personnel. In the lecture portion of the course they become familiar with the objectives and theoretical concepts of probation, which they are later able to apply during the field training portion of the course. The eighth annual staff meeting of the Probation Service was held at the Coach House Inn in North Vancouver. The theme of the meeting was " Family Counselling," and leadership was provided by Mr. Ben Handleman, M.S.W., of Sacramento, Calif., who is regarded as an expert in this field. Counsellors from the Haney Correctional Institution and New Haven, as well as the Rehabilitation Officers from the Alouette River Unit, were invited to participate in the meeting as the general theme had application to their work. With the increased emphasis on the preventive role Probation Officers can play, especially in relation to the Family and Children's Court, the choice of the staff-meeting theme was most appropriate. Probation Officers were able to see family counselling in action, as demonstrated by an expert, and were able to realize how this technique could assist them in their day-to-day work. The School of Social Work of the University of Brtish Columbia again placed students for field-work training with the Probation Service. Working from an office at New Haven and under the supervision of Mr. Frank Dignman, of the school, the students accepted selected referrals from the Burnaby Courts. Treatment of Juvenile Delinquency 6. Juveniles Placed under Probation Supervision During the year under review, 1,729 boys and 206 girls were placed under probation supervision. This total of 1,935 juveniles exceeded the number for the previous year by 183. As the number of Probation Officers grows, it will be possible to give an increasing service to the Family and Children's Court, which will result in more children being placed under probation supervision with few committals to the boys' and girls' training-schools. 7. Transfers to Adult Court During the year, 210 cases were transferred from the Family and Children's Court to Magistrate's Court under the provisions of section 9 of the Juvenile Delin- REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 43 quents Act. This figure indicates an increase of 32 cases. It is felt that this substantial increase highlights again the need for more varied resources for children in the individual communities throughout the Province. Coupled with the need for resources such as remand homes, group-living homes, or probation hostels, we must find and develop more imaginative and resourceful probation conditions to help those children having special problems. Only through such means will transfers to the Adult Court be curtailed. 8. Family and Children's Court Again this year there is a substantial increase in the number of voluntary cases—1,181, as compared to 858 last year. These cases are grouped under "miscellaneous " in the statistics. It is believed the increase in this type of case resulted in the increase in the number of officers working exclusively in the Family and Children's Court. While some of the cases represent juveniles handled on an out- of-Court basis on referral by parents or police, a larger number are cases of adults who have come to the Probation Officer to seek counselling about a marital problem. In some instances the officer has been able to assist the person to resolve his or her problem, while in others Court action has followed. In September, 1965, an officer was assigned on a full-time basis to the Family and Children's Court sitting at Cloverdale, and in October another officer was assigned to work exclusively with the Family and Children's Court sitting in the City of New Westminster. 9. Family Court Committees Throughout the year Probation Officers have acted as consultants to Family Court Committees appointed under the Family and Children's Court Act. The activities of these Committees have varied, depending on the make-up of the Committee and the identified community needs. Many Committees have taken a hard look at detention-remand home facilities for juveniles, while others have been concerned over the actual physical facilities for the Court and its staff. While the activities of these Committees have been varied, they have been valuable in each community by drawing together a group of people selected on the basis of their interest in the welfare of children. This interest in the needs of children goes beyond actual Committee meetings, and individual members stimulate and enthuse others. It is to be hoped that entire communities will in this manner become more conscious of the need to preserve and strengthen family life and avert the breakdown which so frequently leads to the delinquency of the children. 10. Appointment of Volunteer Probation Officers During the year this practice has continued, especially in areas not covered by adequate probation services. On a number of Indian reserves voluntary officers have been appointed to supervise local youths to good effect. New Developments 11. Regional Development In October Mr. J. V. Sabourin was appointed a Regional Supervisor to give supervision to those officers doing parole work exclusively and also to develop and give supervision to specialized programmes and resources. Since his appointment, the Marpole Hostel came into being, and by the end of the year plans were being formulated for an enlarged Search and Leadership Training programme to be carried out during the summer of 1966. The practice of holding quarterly meetings with Regional Supervisors has continued. These meetings have proved to be an effective means of communication both for the field and the administration. DD 44 BRITISH COLUMBIA 12. Field Offices A new field office was opened at Lillooet in February. This office has provided services to the Lillooet, Lytton, Ashcroft, and Clinton areas, which previously had not received a satisfactory service because of travel distance from Williams Lake. With the opening of this new office, the officer at Williams Lake has been able to give more concentrated service to the Williams Lake-100 Mile House area. In September an officer was placed on a full-time basis in the new Family and Children's Court in New Westminster and in the same Court sitting in Cloverdale. While still carrying a juvenile case load, these officers have tried to concentrate on the family aspect of the work of the Court. In November an officer was placed in a new office at Revelstoke. This officer has been able to give services to both Revelstoke and Golden areas, which heretofore were without probation services. In February an office was opened in Smithers, making probation services available to the Courts at Hazelton, Smithers, and Burns Lake. 13. Victoria Family and Children's Court During the year a fifth officer was added to the staff serving this Court. The volume of cases handled by the Court has continued to increase, and the temporary quarters of the Court in the former detention home on Coldharbour Road have been strained almost beyond capacity. By the end of the year it was very apparent a permanent prosecutor should be assigned to this Court and a full-time Judge. From the Probation Officers' point of view, the availability of a full-time prosecutor would be most desirable as each family case involves some technical legal point which the Probation Officer is not competent to decide. 14. Psychiatric Services Arrangements made last year with Dr. Bennett Wong to give three hours per week for individual psychiatric assessments and group therapy sessions have continued during the year under review. Probation Officers in the Lower Mainland area have received much help from Dr. Wong in terms of case-handling. His very full and thorough assessments have given officers a better insight into, and understanding of, their clients, which has resulted in improved probation supervision. As the need for such services has continued to be far greater than can be supplied by Dr. Wong, Probation Officers have continued to use other available community services. 15. Search and Leadership Training Based on the success of last year's experiment, a Search and Leadership Training Course was conducted in the Marble Canyon area in the East Kootenay during the summer. Probationers living principally in the Interior of the Province were participants in the course. The programme followed many of the principles of Outward Bound, involving basically the opportunities for development of character through the challenge of a rugged physical environment and the absolute necessity of a team concept to survive in the environment. The course included mountain- climbing and was prefaced by practice expeditions in which safety and survival measures were instilled in the participants. A considerable amount of counselling was given by the two leaders. This type of training introduces a youth to an experience in living with a group of his peers and to a challenge supplied by the awesome magnificence of a mountainous setting which he will remember for the rest of his life. Under such conditions and with competent leadership, new concepts and attitudes can be developed REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 45 quickly and the whole experience can be a turning point for the youth who is searching for his identity and for basic values. From a pragmatic viewpoint, this type of training is economical as it does not demand costly and elaborate facilities. It is hoped this training can be expanded to include a much larger number of probationers in the years ahead. 16. Marpole Hostel In November, 1965, a pilot probation hostel was opened in the staff house adjacent to the Marpole Infirmary. This facility became available to the Probation Service with the closure of the infirmary and the transfer of the remaining patients to Pearson Hospital earlier on in the year. The object of the hostel was to provide as normal a home setting as possible to between 8 and 10 youths who either had no home of their own or whose own homes for one reason or another were not suitable. All those approved for residence in the hostel had to be on probation and under 18 years of age. The hostel was staffed by an officer and his wife, recruited from the Gaol Service, and an assistant. The number of trainees resident at the hostel did not build up as quickly as was anticipated, but by March 31, 1966, there had been eight admissions. Residents at the hostel either attend school or work, and if working are expected to pay a nominal amount for board. Special evening and week-end programmes have been developed, keeping in mind the demands of homework for those who are attending school. It is anticipated the hostel will shortly build up to its maximum capacity. 17. Intensive Supervision In the Vancouver probation office an experimental project in intensive case supervision was initiated. This programme commenced as a research design based on a newly evolved pre-sentence report format which assigned objective values to certain personality factors believed to be critical in terms of a successful or unsuccessful response to probation. A limited case load, not over 20 cases, of marginal cases selected on the basis of the evaluation in the pre-sentence report was then given to one officer to supervise and counsel on an intensive basis. It was hoped that a control group of similar marginal cases could be selected and given to an officer carrying a normal case load. It would then be possible to determine by comparison which of the two groups had greater success and whether intensive supervision of a small selected group had any validity. As this project was still continuing at the end of the year, it is not possible to summarize and evaluate the project. 18. Group Counselling Group counselling was carried on during the year in the Vancouver probation office. The second group, which met in North Vancouver under the leadership of Mr. Thorvaldson, had to be terminated when Mr. Thorvaldson returned to the University of British Columbia for further training. 19. Family Interviewing Following the stimulation given by the staff meeting in " Family Counselling," several Probation Officers began meeting together weekly to share their experiences in using this techniuqe. Family interviews undertaken by some of these officers were recorded at the time of interview and the recordings used as a training device. Interest in this technique has continued, and family interviewing is being more widely used throughout the Service. DD 46 BRITISH COLUMBIA 20. Educational Leave of Absence Four Probation Officers were granted leave of absence to pursue further studies at the University of British Columbia. Three of the four enrolled at the School of Social Work, while the fourth entered graduate studies in the field of psychology. Financial assistance was granted all four officers. 21. Parole Supervision Parole supervision has continued to be an important part of the responsibilities of the Probation Service. Five officers were employed exclusively on parole work with trainees at the Haney Correctional Institution, Oakalla Prison Farm, and the Chilliwack forest camps. A close contact has been maintained with the British Columbia Parole Board through both the Chairman and the Secretary of the Board. Field Probation Officers have continued to supervise parolees returning to their areas. The statistical report indicates the number of " provisional release " cases from training-schools supervised by field Probation Officers, as well as the number of cases supervised for the National parole service. Provincial Probation Offices Headquarters: 205, 1075 Melville Street, Vancouver 5, B.C. Vancouver Probation Office: 719, 193 East Hastings Street, Vancouver, 4, B.C. Abbotsford: Courthouse, Abbotsford, B.C. Burnaby: 7272 Kingsway, Burnaby, B.C. Campbell River: Box 749, Public Health Building, Birch Street, Campbell River, B.C. Chilliwack: Room 75, Courthouse, 77 College Street, Chilliwack, B.C. Courtenay: Box 1017, Courthouse, Courtenay, B.C. Cranbrook: Room 213, Courthouse, 102 South 11th Avenue, Cranbrook, B.C. Dawson Creek: 10300b Tenth Street, Dawson Creek, B.C. Duncan: 271 Canada Avenue, Duncan, B.C. Haney: Room 4, Mide Block, 22336 Lougheed Highway, Haney, B.C. Kamloops: Room 211, 523 Columbia Street, Kamloops, B.C. Kelowna: 435 Bernard Avenue, Kelowna, B.C. Lillooet: Courthouse, Lillooet, B.C. Marpole Hostel: 8982 Hudson Street, Vancouver 14, B.C. Nanaimo : Courthouse, Nanaimo, B.C. Nelson: Room 2, Courthouse, Nelson, B.C. New Westminster: 618, 713 Columbia Street, New Westminster, B.C. New Westminster Family and Children's Court: 511 Royal Avenue, New Westminster, B.C. North Vancouver: 1676 Lloyd Avenue, North Vancouver, B.C. Penticton: Room 4, 284 Main Street, Penticton, B.C. Port Alberni: Room 216, 400 Argyle Street, Port Alberni, B.C. Powell River: 4687 Ewing Place, Powell River, B.C. Prince George: Courthouse, Prince George, B.C. Prince Rupert: Courthouse, Prince Rupert, B.C. Revelstoke: 307 First Street, Revelstoke, B.C. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 47 Richmond: Vernon: 105, 676 No. 3 Road, Richmond, B.C. Courthouse, Vernon, B.C. Smithers- Victoria: P.O. Box 2267, Smithers, B.C. Room 104> Law Courts Building, Victoria, B.C. Surrey Family and Children's Court: Family and Children's Court, 1527 Cold- 17671—56th Avenue, Cloverdale, B.C. harbour Road, Victoria, B.C. il: Williams Lake: 03 Federal Building, 805 Spokane Street, P.O. Box 697, Speers Building, ' Trail, B.C. Avenue, Williams Lake, B.C. Probation Statistics, April 1, 1965, to March 31, 1966 New probation cases— Males (married, 261; single, 2,304)— Under 18 years 1,729 18 to 24 years 544 25 to 39 years 193 40 to 64 years 95 65 years and over 4 2,565 Females (married, 66; single, 248)— Under 18 years 206 18 to 24 years 65 25 to 39 years 35 40 to 64 years 8 65 years and over 314 Total 2,879 New follow-up cases— Provincial parole 347 National parole 35 Training-schools— Boys 196 Girls 41 Total 619 Pre-sentence reports— Juveniles 1,223 Adults 1,747 Total 2,970 Total cases 6,468 Miscellaneous 1,181 Parole and follow-up cases (married, 32; single 587)— Training-schools— Boys 196 Girls 41 237 DD 48 BRITISH COLUMBIA Parole and follow-up cases—Continued Paroles (National, 35; Provincial, 347)— Under 18 years 42 18 to 24 years 315 25 to 29 years 18 40 to 64 years 7 65 years and over 382 Total 619 Transfers from Family and Children's Court to Magistrate's Court 1962/63 188 1964/65 178 1963/64 167 1965/66 210 6,000 PROBATION CASELOADS 1942/3 to 1965/6 5,000 " Total Cases (including Pre-Sentence Reports) X^ f 4,000 _ 3,000 - / / / '/ / * s / Ss / Pre-Sentence Reports „«*"""" f 2,000 - ^T <,'* ^^^y^ New .X^ ^**** -——"""^ -Probation Cases 1,000 tt^f^1^ Miscellaneous _f j.A**" "Jr •~* New Follow-up Cases S ..** ~==^====::==™^====r ~=====7ZZ-— ^* HCf* •'***"* 1942-3 1945-6 1948-9 1951-2 1954-5 1957-8 1960-1 1963-41964-5 1965-6 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 49 V rH \ <t r-I in K 7 / m \ o — cn rt <N IX f I Ol 1 ^ \o 4J C\ O U 1 ^/ / M 1 u «-t H ° I A / $ / "O r-t 1 o vO CJ» I-t u. \ CO in 3 m \ m h vO P i ■cr ^""^^•^^ >cv S \d o o CP» > p r-S "rT hJ CQ o O P f*H o ^*^^c>cw ^\. - <r i<3 CM fi in *lH ^^\. N. m C^ Ed i—» tJ q m ctf C\ <i w fu I i i i i X^ CM 1 T-I m 3 o o o ooo o\ DD 50 BRITISH COLUMBIA APPENDICES EXCERPTS FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BRITISH COLUMBIA BOARD OF PAROLE During the year the British Columbia Board of Parole released 396 trainees on parole, an increase of 10 per cent over last year. This is more than 20 per cent of the number of paroles granted by the National Parole Board. It was necessary to revoke 121 paroles or 31 per cent of the number released, the same percentage as last year. The Board met on 81 occasions to consider trainees for parole. On two occasions, members met with the Director of Correction. British Columbia paroles combined with National paroles were considered in 21 cases. Of these, the British Columbia Board of Parole approved release on parole in 16 cases and supported the trainee's application for a National certificate of parole during the remainder of the definite portion of the sentence. The Board is grateful to the National Parole Service for its co-operation in these joint cases. Board membership remained at five during the greater part of the year. Major O. L. Erickson, Chairman of the Board since 1949, died on May 5, 1965; Mrs. T. G. Norris was appointed as a member of the Board in August, 1965, and Mr. H. Keetch was named Chairman. The many functions of parole emanating from the decisions of the Board continue to be administered by the Secretary of the Board with the help of a stenographer at the headquarters of the Corrections Branch in Vancouver. During the year there were 274 trainees who completed definite-indeterminate sentences. Of this number, 80 per cent were released on parole, 5 per cent were refused parole by the Board though recommended by institutions, and the remaining 15 per cent served the indeterminate portion of their sentences in custody because of failure to secure a recommendation for parole from the institution in which they were undergoing sentence. The Board's experience indicates three elements must be present for optimum likelihood of successful completion of parole. These are a strong desire for parole, a sound release plan, and effective supervision. In assessing these, many factors must be considered before the Board reaches a decision to grant or refuse a parole application. The following analysis of the attached statistical statements provides a realistic assessment of the effectiveness of parole. Table No. 1 indicates the extent of the Board's activity. The 81 meetings held represents an increase of five over last year. The total of 746 decisions made is 102 more than last year, and the 9.2 cases considered per meeting indicates a slight increase in work involved at each meeting. Table No. 3 compares the various institutions on the basis of the revocation rate. Revocations occurred at the rate of 31 per cent of the number released, the same over-all rate as last year, maintaining the 6-per-cent improvement over the previous year. New Haven, with a success rate of 85 per cent, is 2 per cent lower than last year. The Haney Correctional Institution maintained a success rate of 70 per cent. (Rates for Lakeview Camp are not reliable because of the small number of completed paroles from this camp.) Oakalla Prison Farm now shows a success rate of 51 per cent. This is an improvement of 8 per cent over last year and represents considerable effort with a group who have, for the most part, not been found suitable for, or have failed to respond to, other programmes. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 51 Table No. 4 gives an indication of the effectiveness of first, second, and third parole periods. Results averaged over the past three years show that 70 per cent successfully completed their first parole, 55 per cent successfully completed their second parole, and only 40 per cent successfully completed their third parole. The probability of successful completion of parole decreases by a regular 15 per cent for each successive parole granted. In Table No. 5, " prison sentence " represents the number of periods spent in custody and not the number of sentences received. The only noticeable improvement in success lies in the group serving their first prison sentence and having no previous record. Table No. 6 is presented to show the part played by the Courts as compared to parole officers in returning parole violators to custody. Table No. 7 presents data on average age, time spent in custody, and the average time lapse between release and revocation. Of the 396 paroled (one was granted a temporary parole and is not included in some statements), the average age was 20 years; the average training period was about 13 months; 121, or 31 per cent, had their paroles revoked and about 70 per cent of these revocations took place during the first four months on parole. This appears to be a critical period during which parole officers should be giving intensive supervision in order to help their charges readjust to life in the community. Table No. 1.—Summary of Meetings Held and Cases Dealt with, April 1, 1965, to March 31, 1966 Number of meetings held 81 Decisions made— New cases considered 426 Miscellaneous— British Columbia-National paroles considered 21 Reviews 70 Special consideration 56 Revocations considered 150 Administrative decisions 23 320 Total decisions made 746 In co-operation with National Parole Service— Applications for National parole supported by British Columbia Board of Parole 16 Disposition by National Parole Board— Paroles granted 10 Parole refused 1 Decisions outstanding 5 Applications for National parole not supported by British Columbia Board of Parole 5 Total considered 21 Average number of cases dealt with per meeting 9.2 Released on regular parole during fiscal year 395 Released on temporary parole during fiscal year 1 Total released 396 DD 52 BRITISH COLUMBIA Table No. 2.—Progressive Summary of Meetings Held and Cases Considered, 1949 to 1965/66 Number of Meetings Decisions Made Year New Miscellaneous Total 1949 ... .. 5 12 12 14 23 37 44 460 684 460 356 319 259 63 270 320 15 1950 .._. 10S] 79 61 10"!?, 72 1051 147 1054 343 1055 409 1056 51 69 84 93 70 74 69 73 17 76 81 457 450 389 417 331 355 91 374 426 521 1017 621 loss 917 1050 1,134 1060 849 1061 773 1962 1963.. ...... 650 614 154 1064/65 644 1965/66 746 Totals 904 8,749 Average number of decisions per meeting, 9.7. REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 53 VO VO >cO VO Ov T-H Q z < in vo VO Ov cn VO Ov CO | < o > a Ph Q z < w >-) o < Ph Z O CO n < w hJ w o H z W w H < H 00 w S o U o w ►j M i?0, z SCO Jig a8 °-a •SS Oc^ 11 OB a i3pgo >n hh Os cs co co h OO i-H t*» OS i-H CO CN *H rt m 9 » O BO •3 rt rt tt Ou K t-« u rt a & SI a u a< vo VO \ IT) VO o> .—i Q Z < in VO VO cOv cn VO OV Q W HH O < CO w O < Ph Z o CO z o H < o > Pi a z < W co < W w Ph Ph o § co 2 < a. 1 o U o w I-I M < * os (S co t- so nn fN o\ 1-1 SO a vi O m tJ- sO ro i-i tN H ON to SO Ov OS rt tO CO SO SO th — : ho V) so p i s OS 4) ,_l Ph OS -si "1 £ 1-1 CO ~* "-. os SS i Si $ SO tJ- co m «-h »n CN Os S b rt SO 5 ON $ so r- # •o CO o SO O S '"", SO r> so so ON oo SO V) ro fN i— t± tN »n !H OS fN t* Ph so 2 r- on tf. r- h i§ & in «n a o V CO sO OS h os SO fN VI so s*. r- so oo in c— SO Os 0 rt SO H OS O s? no $ Ch Tf so O oo ro ro 6 CO CS^ O c- CO so OS OSO-fr V) 00 CO CN Tf so so so >» 3 1 y 3 4> <U Cfl o d DO rt Si S rt mT rt 7^ s SO rt ca aj "5 > o H i o U T- DD 54 BRITISH COLUMBIA s h v-» t- so so in O *0 tN i-i vj fN t- 0\ o so tN CO H Os na 3 1-1 «n SO m I m h Tt- n i to co so i CN »n O | i in o to T-H H Os to so OS ! IHHVO ! in co h CO O Ov O i ! CN tN h P; < h-l SO so X H 2 5 m SO fO (N fN ^J t+ H OS m so 2s Os a feg £ SO j V> *H 00 00 O <n VI 2 OS j H CN tj- in Z fl w oBh S c p. CO SO L-II.II o o CO Tf Ph OS > i-l O > SO so z to CO 00 SO OS Os tN h-1 in so OS m c- c- CO 3 o VI > w rt *o O co so $ OS CO | SO fN Tf m co »n >n ro SO Ph S 1-1 ft. Ph O a CO SO OS CO o Iiii! tJ- in r- m co M «SJ m SO OS W 3 H | tn Os os o cJ r- fN h SO fN Z o 'I O in SO 05 Z o o s a rt s Os fN ! SO ro t- H cN m r- tN o r- CO so CO d 0 « o ,"H 3 < Oh 1 to SO Iiiii Tf Os Os SO § G Ph H iiiii '-, O Ph r } E 7 •a Vh $ i^ iri M 1 O 1 O o S Ph m vjD OS so h r- oo so tN oo O Tf Oi d 0 it tH o 1-1 Os 00 55 «n so I-I -v. tJ- [ h vi in in os 0 a g to Tf CO a 1 Os 1 i 3 1 2 ! ti i 5 1 o Ch 1 E u 1? P. -M { K rt u 3 pi s fc,0 | _ Ofl ca O * Ph > rf 4> m .« 0 3 a .£2 rt cd <u cd S c u ►- c z X ft. 5 I 28 - r- fN cs n co CN CS Tf T-H SO CO fN £ fNTf to £ o ?, ! 1 i ! CO Tf 5 > CO SO t- ro *H so co tN in r- co ^ m tN fN to iiiii so ro fll 2 S a o « u ,™ d W5 *J [L rt sag 3 g 5 cs cjU .s>sa >j UJOZK -H « ^cm OH S ° CO § & " 1 Ph 0 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 55 VO VO in VD Ov i—i Q Z < v\ VO \ TT VO Ov cn vo Ov i >■< pa X H rt o Ph CO I < o > w oi tn O i-l < z vo d w >-i m <: H so SO Os CO Tf CO SO O SO Tf to cN O tfl I 1-1 m so s Os in os Tf t-h t— so to to S.S ,~l to so in r> so to SS OS co r> tN co 1-1 T-H T-H SO SO "rt m so Os Tf m Os in ro O m so fN co oo o fs T"H £•3 m so 6-3 ^ Cfl s in os in t-h o o «n so fN to 00 o >.o OS T-H Iffr-H d T-H rt to so w Tf SO t> Tf «n I- h tN T-t O os c- o TM rH so SO Vl so »H in fO in fN t- «8 Os d > rt m so th m c "t O o c4 s Os z ro so Os m so Tt Tt VI Tf 0s O o *H rH sp e so E vi" O t-h oo os CO O fN O Ph OS tN t> rN a 1 m so H A. Tf m in mm *-< r- tN fN O rt Os 1-1 rt •M rt to 0 SP Os ^o Tt m so tN CO TH ro § 1-1 rH Cfl so a so 1 m sp to o «NO SO Tf "8 U OS *""' cn CD tH m O so Ph Os oc CN cOg rt is g to a VP A OS ! ! u *"* SO a SO 1 •n so ~8 rH O o U Os 83 TH t-t O so 3; Os i 1 ! 1 j M ro <a VP hJ Os 1 1 i d i ° 0 i 1 -d 1 •O'S 2 I CU S >• ffl i £ rt i rt i rt a* u ; •° s * •S o 0 0 > S '<3 CA IH QJ 1 5 y u oat rt a. Sort o >H J, 60 -J bO co 5 rt QJ H 1> Ph Ih o Ph DD 56 BRITISH COLUMBIA Table No. 7.—Miscellaneous Statistical Information, Year Ended March 31, 1966 Parolees 1963 1964/65 1965/66 Total parole Average age of parolees (years) Average length of training period (months) Institutional comparison— For Lakeview Forest Camp (months) For Chilliwack Forest Camps (months).. For Oakalla Prison Farm (months) For New Haven (months)- For Haney Correctional Institution (months). 298 11.8 12.7 12.1 11.6 355 20.3 12.4 7.8 11.3 12.1 13.0 395 20.2 12.9 13.7 7.7 13.5 12.6 13.1 Revocations Total revocations Average age of revokees (years) Average length of training period (months) _ Average period on parole (months) ~ Occurrence of revocation relative to period on parole— During 1 to 4 months During 5 to 8 months During 9 months 121 20.9 13.4 3.9 73% 21% 6% REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 57 5 a w p z 00 w w 3 _J w PQ !* < nf H g J h <C 2 u in h-1 H X n t/1 HH H z < H % > w M d< O H 2 1 rt H •S ° a 9 a g aoT) & rt o « d E ^ o rj S a J^fiO S S u s a -o ,o co co ftO s ■a SO ►1 Zw u» n g HI .2 rt cs SO 3" £ fi O ^ft(J ft fi i o MAy ce tjj-« fi ca fi.ti rt *e w a, a, pj zSafisS 3 OIS).h <US3 id 2 « 9 oj rt SO Ssosoooor-ininoosco mr-tOTfosoT-iotNT-i so o> o^ fN co os^ i> rN_ to m r- »» co oo" rf so Tf m" m r^ t-^ oC commT-H mosmsOT-H t-h fN fN T-H CO fN tocor-T-ieoo\osooosoofNi>sor-Tto TtsoofNomsor^osOT->osooomo Os Os^ so t-h co CN fN oo o tN oo oo SDOv 0° <N r-? rf oo to" Tf Tt" so" -rf co" r^ cn Tt to" tt t-h oo os m so i oo to CO Tf CN OT-HvoooooosmtNOoo mcooosmotor^T-ir-- .mTfsoT-HTfootNtNTtco r^ os m to co t— t-h ro Tt m co m Tt so oo o m m o t> tNinmso" TftN Tf o to o m co so t-h os r^cs co CN oC T-^ tNcosoocor--soootN OSOr^fNT-HOsOsOOsm OssOT-HoorosDtsooo.ro Tf 00 O so ro Tf m as so mosr^cocoooTfoo mmosor-TfT-iT-HT-Hos .soroooo r^soomTt O CO t- SO CO CO t-h o so Tf co os m oo O *-" CN co o co tNO\r-intNOtor>oco tNinCsO mn-hhn j.coroc^Tf fN r- co in oo SO" Tf rH CO"fOCo" 00 OO t-h CO 00 in in r- os Os OS fN SO OS Tf CO ""■' i 1 TfsomTffNsot*-TfOt^ coTfasomrNOsmcNT-H j.TfOS'-^COCOtSCMSOOCO co" Tf" rN fN O T-H CN O OS Tf o in Tf t-i t~- Tf f- Tf Tf SO SO CO C^ Ov so so r- o o r> r- fN CO Tf Tf OS Tf T-H r- so r- t-h oo Tf 00 CM so m c- fN OS Tf Tf os O OS CO CO so so os oo co in CO tN CO fsf mtOTft^fNroosOso r-osoT-Hoosomm OsOt-Ht-icNsOt-hOsO o o o o Tf cN os ro t~- o m co m t-h o so Tf r- so Tf so ossoooooowos moooootNoosco t-lnTfTfT— omTf 5 TT or>T-Hr-t-^r--coos TfSOOOO\T-HCOOOSO Tft— socomcoT-HTf r>cNOSDTttNTfOcot^cNm C-oorOTfsoor^osoooco Tt o\ Tt cm Tt Tf o^ os r^ r> c^ cn os os" m so" t-T t-h" cn of ts" r-T t-h" OtNOmTfT-irososOTt msoi>oocNoooooooo ^ CO co Tf SD_ Tf o^ Tf SO^ fN cN in"coco"T-H o" m Tf co" Tf" CO (N rH t-H OS CO tN t- r- t-h co J> m in Tf in ro to t— Os r- so cm to Tf m ro so t~~ os as so co r> O rH t-h"o" OvvOrHOmsOtNTftNcNfO OTff-oorooocOCOOsOT-H r-COOcNOinosinfNcNt> * cm" Tf" cm" cn" CN cn" Tf" in t> co in so tN rHOsOSTfoo to rHOt-or^ossofooTfmosso mcooscoT-HrNmsocoTtmTfso r^ossor^fNr^osTfT-^TOfNinso^ ©" t-h" Tf ts tN c-^ r^ vT o" t-T o" to" CNmCOCO COt-H l-H TfT-H fN CN Tf O m o oo fN SO OS o CO O O fN tS CN TfCOOOOfNTfTfTfrHVO roTfTttsr^rHmooso j.ossotDmsococomoorH OS rH Tf" vT Vi CO Tf SDOOOT-HTfCOOtOrH OOOOSOCOOSOSOSD OsmOTfrHOSCOrnm ! OS CO : o m ! rH CN CO OS CO Tf Tf C-. OS CO T-H OS fN Tf t> CO f- Tf ro tN CN OS Tt f- Tf o co m t-h cn oo" oo" fN Os fN t^ Os 00 vo to m m c- o t-h r- *i. *"* ^**©* ,H «i rNminnf fN"co" i r- cn f ! CO O OS ! SO tN comOscoosc-TT-HSOCOTfro vocor—rovor-moomfNT-i o t— o^ r^ os ts Tf os^ o^ m^ r> os so m co so CO ^CN T^ OS T-H OO 00 r^TfmtNTtcoo ifNtSossoso OsOTfTfcNOCN IcOTfOsosSO tNint-^ocoi>rH los^sq^asfNso to" Os* so" co t-T os co" ! cf r> o"co rHfNCNfN fNT-Hj TfT-H DD 58 BRITISH COLUMBIA 3 • S s 5 , CO Tf Tf so o oo r- oo tN oo CO r* so to Os CO os r^ O T-H fN t- t- rH OS O r~- Tf so Os m CO OS tN. cvcj N O oo oo so Tf C-; SO Os sO on t— SO rH t— so v; to t*- o *■ H to 00 CO CM tN cN co Ov ro tH CO m oo ft OS rH is1 CO tN CM CO tN ts m Prince George Gaol and Camp Tf t- +4 1 OS tN tN Tf ! t- SO f- tN r- Tf Tf tN CO m ro «■ m j OS Tf vo O Tf Tf t-h CN CO tN rf cn co" in m OS OS C- ] ! r- CO CO ! w ro 1 : CO S&S'Sfi' ^ o rt c C 1 Tf O Tf O I o o Tt Tf so m Tf 1 O Tf tr- r- » CO CO t^T-H CO o CN o so" so so" CO CO w r- t- n-i CO 1 ro CO rt'C o rt i-l^ftO CO 00 1 1 1 CO i i CO 1 «■ SO Tf tN tN so Tf CN ! i 1 i i '• SO Tf cm" fN ! 1 1 i 1 ! vo Tf tN tN •a 1 ! 1 1 ! ! II ! i I i i _, m ft «* fl u e oo"s : Tf j 5 1 1 j i Tf ! ! Tf 1—1 S3 1 fN | CN i ! i i 1 i r- fM 1 1 ! fN § s > 1 rH I 1-1 1 ! 1 i ^ ! i ' 1-1 So cN m r-* oo m co SO ,_, ^H i OS 00 r> r^ r> m o r~ t^ w- m r> Os"oC Tf CO CO Os" 00 fN tN T© CO r- CO ro 4) > . j Tf SO o so r- tN I m m m m so tN fN m th j Ov CM tN «■ CN so^ UK CN SO SO zw r-^tN os1 m | in Tf Tf" to to CO CO 1 1 *"• 1-4 ^ ' <■' a Cfl . CO ro OO ! 00 in —r m i.2 & m m OO ! CO SO so i tV> 00 oo cn ; CN in m h a rt CO oo" oC j OS os oT Is fcfl o o tN o CN OS i OS ! Tf t-~ OS SO m so cn j ro ro 1 ! ! CO Hi8 11 1 t- Os r> r> to o mi Os 00 | j ; 00 : cn fN^SD OS Tt to co : in CO CO ■3 o ffi.o So «■ 0C00 co tN SO 0\ TH Os" ! SO j o" CO i oo CO oo r^ r> i *J ce r> : l-^ ! Tt ! Tf ro CO 3 2 £ S •SgSrt U^ftO m 00 ! co r- r> tW- CO I Tf" f oo Tf CO ] vo | oo so" : Os Tt : Tf CN CM m i m in m CO Tf OS CO o ro 1 Tf *rt OS CO CM SO ro ro r- OS CO Tf i> so : Tf ,0 »*£ COr-? Tf1 t^ C-" 1 tn" H CO OS SO 00 m OS Tf o CO 1 m m co" CO CO i co" CM tN 1 SO SO SO so 1 ft a *» 3 so 55 SO i 1 co" CTv 5s ro ro" SO T* co" so -L U,, Tf CN so 1 00 1 00 CO i j "T CO § tH Ph Tf CO t^ Tf | Tf CM cN «■ Os O^ oCtN r- OS oo ! 3 | m" cc so" | j i CO VD rt 3 tsi CN ! i fM ! ! ] fN co : CO SO so r> j r- 4b 2 £gO : r- ! r- OS OS : Ov : O </> t— 1 00 ! 00 in j m to 1 CO CO co CO m r- tN fN O Tf Tf o CM so co OS to ^f-i OS SD OS VO fN Tf Tf OO OS r- so Os in "fl o o rt so Os fN CO so tN t- rH m SO °1 SO OS so to **s 00 OS l> r^m o*co" so" o" fOt> ,-T oC CO m m cn tN OS (N Ov o rn CO CN m CM CO 00 CO CO (O oi I | I a rt TJ tn . (fl 1 O i a : o ! ft a 1 cn Ifl tu o H 5 « 8 'u CJ <u « a i *3 8 C ■« 9 5 '«□ ca I'M 3£ S 1 fl O 1 § .a S o £ O fl * rt ft B 73 73 0 3 "C a | E 5 Ih ,1 Ih v 50 M g 1 o> S " ft 3 & M O g B -g-s £ « §6 ih fl a « ^H ^H TJ t-J rt rt c R 3 BO O o •2.3 H a (4 &£ s >> .o p a a SS j .9.S2 ■3 , S «h Ph T i3 0 Si*, fl tH.lfW 3 0 o V 'C Ph to TJ < REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 59 IBJOX IBI3HIA0J£ JOBQ 33-I03O aouiJ j fN 00 r- oo OS ©_ Os"o" m oo oo >n voV CM Tf Tf T-H CO Tf Tt"m o l> to CO m to CO T-H CN oo fS 00 rM co fN co s^ ON [^ R o SdlHB3 pUB loeo sdooxuiE3 OS SO T-H <T> co co dlllBQ JS3IO£ M9TA33[B1 dureo js9jo,kI uopAioas m co oo so i> i-h co r- fM Tf CO Tf <s Tf CN ! CM ! SO : to ! CM SO CO o co O CO CO '!UI1 pnsisi jsAnoaoBA tN Tf r- oo so co U3ABH M3N co m o CM o so O Tf to CO 00 CO fN SO 00 oo CO Tf CO 00 r- co §3 (aSpra 3OTJ pUB 3(9310 Pioo) sdureo so m to so so^rn fMoC O OS fM T-H t- os m o nopmpsni sdtaB3 ;s3i0;i ^oBMnimO llPili^lifii Tf OS os r- O CO rH CN Tt m tN to" ^ j m oo Tt m CO CO Tf xr~ OO CO t> CO Tf SO Tf CO SO SO m m r- os ro to S3 OS tN I f- t> SO 1 rH co co ! SO Tf to to O rH a 4> ■a C Oc CTc S-H-H firt _T ass .9 Hfi J3 ESS sss fc! U12 cc fi fi a « c aSSsn m so so vo os o\ |SS « TJ TJ m so SO SO OS os to CO if. •a a 3 3 A u u • fi rt rt o u « .2>H>H ft 3 rt 2 a* fill piss « TJ C m vo rt so so arHH .9 TH*^ 3 co CO 2 ft rt rt sss *M "OTJ D o a> Ih TJ TJ 3 A fl .ton) aj 4j at **m vo >-vSO SO rt os os TtHrt *H _T * Q.CO CO Mil O H H o rt rt &SS rt TJ TJ •S TJ TJ -a fl fl aj o v tt t; *-< rt rt oi Ih O U m so , so vo os os Q - - O 1-H ,-H •-J to to ,2-fl rfl 3 CJ O UJ ca >o >rt a 9 fi " § S g|jj DD 60 BRITISH COLUMBIA a m a J I P Oh .S rt H .as a >. jo c co fi 3 iJO.cc ■rtPnO H III Vi =-iS co & 1111 .9-3 S& bS2n O CUI^h C fi 2 .Sort Ch COrK &<0o §o«§ 3 TJ , Pi « SE S S£ph£ lilt OH SO I © Os m CN M o\ ] m rN o p* Tf OS fN : co ! OS Tf SO 00 Tf Tf ; m vo m t-h CM SO CM to rH OO CO OS CO 00 CO O CM OO ro r- oo wo m rH co Os TH t-^ - Tf t I t> t- j "T-H ! T-H f- ! I ! 'CO I I SO fO rH 1 ! ! rH CO rH O ! rH O O fO I rH Tf m : th m Tf »h i COrH ! Tf t-h 00 to tN CO 3 i mmTft^mtNmcoo roi-H cocomTfinvo CM Os Tf fN voosTfmTfT-HTtfsm mcN ot-hcosoosvo rH HHIflhr- N OM/i h in h i> h in COfN i-H CO CO f- rH SO tN t-h t-h m os co 00 m -+ CO r- in o Tt r- w CO Q o Tf *H >> 0 ti REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 61 as SS 2H Ph S° Ch O &$0 O » aZ h?i28 Eg i - w °c s a u s O O Cn fi fi -O O rt W PhU .a -. rt rt So CO £ Z5 fiilci & HUUC •fi rt ch fi r? it o & 8§.gJs t-sgjfj 5 rtHc^Pn £0 * 8S& 3U2S |S mow | cn m H* O ** j O OC in Ov tn ! in in ! ! I S* I I I I t* -tf I VO l^ I t^ CN I On O I in cn I ^h CO ^. ^ O J2 S O « -2 3 j?-"- o I » » C S § Jfifl O H h rt u u O o o UUUPSQfl o H H D 0- SH Ph CJ °firt a fi 2 .fi O rt Ch cOrh PhOU its. OJ H H refeO (J III Vi SO CO > ^r CCJ Zffi >.ia a i» g 5 rt 3 fi B WO o 1 U -i-i tj3 w es O rt PhU «> «S Ct B-H/-S C .ce rt" d §-3J!Z»aS fe2&-o2g(H ^OIiqE- §2*2 II Oco-gQgS £3 3 M ie^ t. ^coce rt rt tN cn in Oc cN tN rt 2-2 £ § IH Si S "a cs c? CO qi27j DD 62 BRITISH COLUMBIA z o S Ph o 55 O u 8co ODrt hhO •a o co ch eorh PhQ ISO .2 So. rtmO it B S §£0 ■il hh 2 SO ZW o fi U" lit S O rt g*0 firt fi rt §0 V° n> rt 8 r- m so rn rH OS Tf oo m to so Tf OS O CO SO rH rn m t^- m Os O Tt m tN m co t-h CO CO fN tN rH , O O t-h fO | SO Tf 1-H ! Tf to cn c— m t— co 00 SO rH t> i-H SO Tf r> SO co CM ro tN t- Os CO m Tf rH > w ' O 3 £ Bill •a ill? O 3 Ul H 0 I-I o -si ai, tN rt t~ ^ i i 3 TJ OB ^ Og « rt o £ tN tN j Tf rH m CJ. j OS II * s i-t t-HCO 1 Tt CO Tt rH Tf fN SO 00 CO ! r H t-H C-. " OS o Tt : m SO T-H ' T-H 1-1 OS 1 1 OS rH 1 1 rH O os i ! os o , '■—, ! ' «-< Tf i-h | m c- Tt i i * H SO OS i OS rH 1 1 tN rH OS ! OS o rH ■ rH CN OIIO J ! 1 o OIIO i ! 1 ° i-h : . r H 1 j 1 1 O 1 1 O I ! 1 ; I <=> CM ! ! CM 1 1 CM 1-H , | 1- ' ' ' ' ! rt vo : i-h r- i to 1 ! CO O OS 1 Os ! o i 1 1 ' *H CO 1 t-H OS 1 vo 1 ! so in VO 1 so ! j r- rH I i- " rH m SO t-H CO 1 1 Tf o OS Os . o I—"—. 1-1 O O T-H T-H O CO i Tf t^ CO Tf SO O rH CO 1 Tf Tf O rH T-H T-H *"■ tfl co cn ] m : m I ! m o z Os i os : ; i o g ' 1 '• 1-1 CO —,_,.-* «-. p^ CO m . iv % m 3 j < rS^ Ch Os CN CM cN SO 1 1 00 o CO OS o O .—. VO CN T-H OS OS OO t- vo 0. tN rn CO CN to t> Tf Tf Tf 3 cn Z w £ £ ^ ! ^J N CM CN t( 1-H Tf 1 m o OS o o P 6 oo Tf m t- t- t- T-, V 1 CM r- t-h o- to Tf Tt „ t> c- 00 to to sc CO rH ! * Q S S OS o- J O z O CN t— CO CM CO OS 1 t> Tf t^ CO rH CO T] m P rH tN 1 N 5 fc T-H T— w m co ts o ts r> t-h c o 00 OS o OO ^-"—V T-H Tf Ov SO Ov Tf CM Tt rH os so m os o CO •n co co cm c CN t-^Tf fN Tf fN r- m OS c 1-1 >. « fi o rt >. a J3 "« £Z a O o % 3 i 1 8 o a c a o V fi hO si *& c fi ro c r fl C a <u fl 's« H rt M eu 0 7 tH 5> p •fl c b t ,3 c3 •H w fi 3 «H 1 u CQ 0 < w o O REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 63 2 Q < Ph O H O ro ro fN cm O g£?o t£ Sort Ih 01 TO hO^ t> CO I> OS C so 1 T- T-H Tf 00 Tf O z *H rt >s t-h co m os cm O a o Ph O O §0 t- co os cm m vo co m os co Tf « z CM Tf T-H o fN &%& •rtPnO ►3 6 z VO t-h rH o o fN CM O T-H CO Tf CO CN i-h fi fi ^rt HH C IS m co o fi Tf CO rH SO rn m * Z o 0 G > 1* Tf m co cN vo m tN rn o .S'o rt rt SO m i> o rn m tN oo co Tf so CO Tf Z - IS 8 li 1 | 1 o o & 4> £,42 d Z m I I I I m 3 fi £ O OS 1 rH | >i SI £ OS o 9 w SB'S I "■-j rt « 6 Z 00 1-H If- 1 CM Tf ] t> t JM Tf -4 OO Tf CO T-H Tf ^ m fN T-H O SftO t-h cm in m os S5 i j Tf CM OO <$ s H rt Ph fi — to O oO CO CM tN O £ Tf m os vo os in fi O z Tf CO CM Ih ^ CO tN Tf f- Tf o ta o *rt fi rt T ^ CO o o CM O Tf SO Os CM t- t-H rH ^h" 1-1 a s2 •a •a ■n X £ S i 1 OJ 1 & rt cj ■ii & > XA s * & a s D < to O o £ o li O «! O 1 T-H CO CM fN o so O ! fS Tf Tt Tf so *"< o o ! r~' so cm in m so o fN 1 t- tN SO 00 t- j Tf CNrH o 1-1 m co tN fN ' o I to co tN o ' w 1 m cn so vo vo m ' o o *1 CO co oo co co in Tf CM CM tN CM rH tH f- O CO 1 1 1 O l-H Tf r- so i l> rH CO 1 1 1 rH t^ SO SO 1 1 CM SO o ' ' 1-1 r> vo Tt os i i SO CM t-h cN 1 t- Tf 1 i-h cm so vo m CM CO fN rn o T""1 i o Tt m so t— CN 1 T-H CO O T-H fM 1 t-H CO fN rH ; £ ^ I co Tt m r* o 1 fN CO CM rH o *"* j 00 CM rH tN IT I CM Tf CO CN r 1 r1 o rH fN CO CO o ^V-v **. Tf oo m so oo r^ oo i-h fM CO CO 1-1 o « s S 5 >J 11 O !J O U L C >» >> >» ■>> >> L 3 r- co Tt m m TJ rH CN tO Tf Tf Soopojj m vo oo Tt m X CO s Q < Ph O J o H O 0 Ph 0 rt co tN co m CO so O O 37 535 1,034 SO o rH SO CO Ov o o 27 121 1,868 so o CN to cm m Tt m o o o CM Tf rH m m vo m cn co Tf in o o OS to CO r-- os m co r- o fN t- o o Qt**rH Tf O O CO 00 00 Tf m os so Tt CO o o co oo so CM CM m vo r- r- m co o o O cN Tf co r- r- fN T-H vo Tf 1 37 ! 4 159 j 19 646 j 77 O o CN Tf CO Tf OS t- t-h I' O O ve ro in m co so fN Ov Tf m r4 Tf m rH T-H CO g o 447 1,787 9,294 CO tN m V- <L c e t? X < 4 l I u rt i i V a DD 64 BRITISH COLUMBIA i* j 00-h a o ca Os o hOu so o z m SS co 8 OS OS o o °T- ■3 « 6 Z SO 00 tN VO (2 CD fN o^ fN £ t* s i o .as & F a 8 III d OSrH j o i2 hJ Z rH ! g TJ * O 1 1 O 1 o o •§s& rH *si OJ > fiftO CQ 6 Z m ! i m O o fi > >S 00 CM OS o o 11 rt S So -WV^ 1-1 CO z 6 Z CM CM Tf CM fM 00 Tf O *"i *"i CO ?! l> 1 CO o i$ Os 1 o < si CO fe T b rH m : cm c- o fl m I m cfl U SS s to §2 ce h 3^ c= j3 0 fi £ Ov 1 Os o o 0, < !■< Ph w 5S u 3 3 6 Z Tf I so 1*- Tf 0 Cfl d fS OS rH o i-> Iks 3 O rt = PhU 6 Z rHTf r> tN ; ; CO CA IS CM 00 o C — fl rt Ph 1° 6 CM Tf CO Tf m o Z CM tH SO Tf O rt ^ Os r* CJO 00 O SO d CN O fN rH Tf <n fiS s S = H •ill £)t5 <X < a SO O Tf | o co oo m oo in so o SO OS CO Ov O *"* tN o tN 1> OS tN fN m m cn oo O O SO CM Tf CO m t^ r- Tf cN o O SO SO vo SO CM Tf 1-H z O C-tN 1 O CO s Tf 1-H 1 | m D < Ph m o os so o in co O Q S. U Tf C*1 r-H to oo Tf m O OS SO CO Tf tN m o co Tt Tt t^ V0 CO Tf O so r- m so m Tf Tf o CO so r- o m m Tt t-h - c B c b a | 0 tH 0 H rote thei ther Ph Pi < 0 REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 65 S a «, Ch o w o z H H Z W Cfl I-I o <: o ►J o z > o Ph P. O z o PhQU « CO CO OS t* Tf tN r 1 1-H t-H 0 0 r-1 , H, ~ "* z 35 a •3 rt ^ ^ £ fN OS SO Tf CO rH rH Pi CO 0 0 Tf Tf CO CO rH O t- \0 t- rH 00 m CO rH OS CO Tf CO vo W Z Tf t—< %-H fN .as a $ O i jrtrttNrt m 1 I i I sac Ma CM i-h tN CMI SO *~ rH tN CO rH so to j j O CM c H z i ! rH U fi 3 c 0 S ft £ m m 00 m Tf CO iii i i O O l-H tH oPhU m rH C-SO rH r- s z 1 1 rH 0 fi > $ Tf rH 00 m rH CO tN CC) rH -* *-i Tf | ts O O ■a 0 rt rt So CO CO tN Os r*- tN CO CM cn Tf z CO rH i-H rn c-c rH„ *""' □ <£ 1 1 1 1 tN CO j CM C ! 1 i 1 0 0 §1 111: i 1 1 t» d rH CN CO m i Z 1 i i *rt e Haney Correction Institutio and Camps <* 1 CO rH m \0 Tf CO r- r- : 1 c- : 1 0 0 ' 11 11 1-H d z |i/)hf rn CH 1 OS OC CN r- SO TJ Tf SO to VO Tf gsa Sit ^ 1 to Tt Tt so m to ! tN CN CM rH ■" 1 1 1 I 0 0 Ifeu OS O O CO Tf CM Tf u z t-h CM fN rH Vi $ r> co 00 r* to cn rn Iii ^ tN O a Ml O rt Ph 1° fi O T-H O OS CO Tf CN rH fN Tf z 1 CN tS <* m ts vo m co i-h rn Tf 1 I CN rH O m rH rH O w 0° *"H 0 S*o r- m vo co in so co 00 £ CO Tf f> m CO rH rH Tf fN fN v> 1-1 2 3 i £ O fl O b 2 , > & t/ tt Cfl X 6 £ S a 0 -H 5 sss§ rH rH CN Ih Ih >h tH P « u oj > S.g0 S O J3 -3 Ch to Ph-O SEE " H C a 0) 4> la 1 w-a-n-o-a-o ° ^ i i-l 0 a ^OfiqfiCrt"' CO _. 3 jS "-1 3 > %3 -5 5 P ■ch a „-fi. °3°a fi *■* « w a 7; fl fl fl c .fl J 6 § fl v 0 fl •I i H fl t O C CO ce g fi " S |h c | I f> E CC E VC E OC Tf tN 4. C e 0. 5 0 p. z 0 to Tf 00 t> r~ c fO rH CN i-H y rn cn 0 to m m vo m tN rH rH CO CN r"« CO CO 00 SO OS rH O CO rH rH fN VO CN rH rH CO Tf O CN os i-« : : 1 1 O OS 1-H 1-< O cN CO m r- 0 1-1 00 00 ro in Tt 0 cm Tf '"I J u 00 O tN 1 1 j O 0 h-I CQ 4 O i 1 i cn V3 s 1 1 1 q < t> CO r* i ! i Tf D O > O w OO 1-H 1 Oh 1-H CO t> Tf 00 0 tN 00 tH co i-h os vo m vo 0 CN t-h CM CN Tf CM i-h i-h CO CO Tf tN r> m os co 0 CM rH TH CO 00 CM tN rH CN CO r^ c/ IH O R I E ° O H § 41 e C 5 s f- ! I fi 1 S DD 66 BRITISH COLUMBIA PhO E70 O rt -a i i Bi a a H O | 2 D Q o a rt .gin Irt irt co I tN r- i t-h Tt : cn ' r- « §o 00 CV s I' i •3° cS s So ! tN cN rt VO cnj£ i -* ! I r- Ht tt rt CO Tf CS OC -t -» fi Zw I i 'JS i° !-h :k-i | o 11 CO r* Oh g S3 — o i Hi § Ph s w SS 8*3*1 go KfcS Ch CH rt rt u -A O rt SPhU u tN o cn cn \o o , to o pO I tN Oc CO O tN r i r ii 11 i i I i I MINI | CO rH rH ! ! So CT1 rH 00 t> l> VO rH ososr^ootNTfvocomcNOOoocNTf cMCMoosomrHtNrHcsr-^cMrHmos m rH CM rH CO Tf ■ag, o fl u i* tt a € p fl s ,s a rt ci rt « y w si - IS] % 8 ■O 3 ii rt o4J S-o. E rt ?c l. ce 2 fi I p., <u "oo 3 C T3 _, UU tH TJ _ ni P S « fc-J rt C &3 S w -o 2 « •? E « C U fl <<<<<< & S S U « CJ < w I rtSoiprt S'c'fl i-i fl> '5 -b fl "fl ^ a « Sdocg of §§ O CCQ £ a •g.8 a g f » s s - - ft-R ce .S 6fS •als|lfi|g <mhPSPhPhPhUBhDHP< ».5S5 hSSS REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 67 I Tf rH ! CO sss 1 i £ CN to T.H- rt t~- S§ eg csg 2«£ i i CN I I CM rH rn cOCOCNOv\OVOt-h-Ht 2^ 2S 58 rt-8 ?* CN -t rt CH ! ! [00 SVS cn co co I tN in vo TJ- c>. cn o I tN I ! cN ! rt co I ! ! i 3*S fM Tf o r* CM O CO CO .--, CN *s s>s "$ th oo m ,-v 3*S ° 1& CO 6" »P CO £c£ "8 CN ©•• m o rH ° rn Ci> § an .9 a to a go's' ^h fi > -ti —■ £ MS « fi £ a & S e >> fi. S CO CJ mSO rt w> ■H-E J .SB b.S I 81 a -I | a co o fi 2 .S^opHfi; o >. ca a a S3 §> fl rt S3 s^ >^< ci too C _ 3 3 1-1 u ■IfiOT SShO cu C3 O ^. . S.y£s; I g §S o a To < li- VH -i- -— OOOO. . .fl .fl 43 -fl OOOO rt rt c<3 rt u u 1) u Ih IH ' mo fi b 5 fi H .2 rt S coo 1,11 fi-fi.S i .-.•fi *« t- ai 'C *!• o *c> "> •« •g CJ c 0 fe «J c 0 *5 o O ty 0 O H 6 l-H ■U TJ C o TJ I Ih 0 mP5cona<MWpH lo«ft5>UQO« DD 68 BRITISH COLUMBIA I « Ph Ph O m H Q 5 o Ph o i S a o safe! 8o .as & > to fi tO ^ H ►H* •gs ISO .9-5 n rt SO s- fl osos m o -i> Tf JtHVOOCOCO I I I I COT* I I rH CO CN rH 1 j Uh tN 00 .h Os tN I I | I fS SO •TJ i^i .fen CM r\l cs m CO CN SS ii: SS SS I I 1T«.T j Tf rt © 1 ' ' tN rt rt I vo cn l VOO I j cn rt j ! 3 fl S3 till igse ItN I O O CN Tf tN VO I CO rH j CN CO CM rH los ii-HincooTfco iTfTf i I I OS CO T-H m fN j T-H r- tN I vo m m £ « fi =3 o a |phO I vo m m I I I I co t tN rH CO ! I rH u SS.2B |^ftn [rtHtrtcoiNrt-ctHt S3. *0, ii>somootorHOvo l-H « oSM-h rt oj fl OgD MM IH os r* m o r- os t-h ty. ft II S-S3SI. •S to O O J3 ' ■ " JJ ,Q ■— • rt rt < '§,§ as s 4> P. Kt 3 fl rt 2 rt ! .a s ^ o rt o fl 'fl .3 E rt u S fi fi iis.g- fi Ch Ch CH ■ rt ft ' «j C u IP _0 i3 Ih ft "fi (5 £ *H O rtcScOSOfipcj SSP-PhPOX ftg S S 5 5 ° '<■"> 0.Q DD P3cn > <J 3 s ifloS REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 69 -H-rtOOcnrtHC-cOrtVOcncNtNtNlNNrtrtrtTH -h cn oo o\ rt rt cn ^h rt rt rt HHrcnrtrtrtcNrtTi-rtcocnmrt 3 &- .9 O rt ch torn rtO rt jrt I I r0vR- | |rt , | | | | | j ! | | | | | | j , ! | | | | | j rt |rt | ltscn.no | | | j | | | | | | I | | ] ] | | | | | j | | | | [ ! •a -.=-PhU MMI M*00 11 i I M ii i i ! M M M M li M M M i _« ce ft 5 fi co c H T3,0 rt cn PhO •3° -55 SO VO s u % a Ph O Ph CO to > Zffi I ,rtrt. M I i M I M I I I I I I I II I i i i I M I I ! M I! 1 I i i I M i i ! M I llH II M i I |-*«T" I i M M I II li II M li I i I i I' as « fl xs So ill! |-*a M M li II II 1 II M M II II II li I M r-t I to m 11^ oo O W r- rH r i rH CO O I I I I I- I jOrtrtrtrtrtrt lilt g ■PhO Ph a •3 o2S3 SqgD Z £■ cu tJrt fi.S5 3 4> O Er» 1° Mr-f fl 2 u rt SO I | |rt ircvown m os I I I I I I I I I Ll I I I I..-I' II II 1 i^-** M M I i I II I I I II M I M li M IIII I-"-"Si I I M ! II M M M ! I M I i • i i i a a u to T3 -fi ^ Cti t. H ■5t5 S o fi CJ 3 3 hh o ™ -fi CJ co jh H SSg all Oi S IH o O « o fi§ lis ft CJ .*fi O JO IH .9 g3 fiOcn s o o rt .9 * tO .CJ -fi -fi .fO * *7 as 00. . P) acncn § to -23 cj co rt 3 ce 2 '.3 ce o<ioo< S E ,° CH Ph o E 2 ft to fl o r° COCO CJ CO fi •jo? rt O *H cj a co u a u PhI3c« •O fi cc i § i HO* ■5 pp o l=VJjH fl O Ih •2-92 O fl fl P3 Ph Oh O cN is g E o .° co rt fe fi fi K O co hh Ll -o °M fi a fi 2 lii fl O Ih U ft U cn a cfl O I o -fi rt y o fl .9 22 "Sort a fl -fl "fl ax ' m P O • ssg db'T ce « a,;? CJ cj .3 O jh rt -fi fi 5 a sa Z cfl co a, .a • 3 a 5 3 bS fi £ wKSoca o >n o 8'Ba 3 3 fi CH O CH S 3 S fi ij a I—C u, rH 73 & 73 9 oo 9 .2 a .2 " ^3 t5 S3 p o p 13 >0>PQ DD 70 BRITISH COLUMBIA tH HtN-*rt-tvO !cnr>cncnrtrtOrtr-rtrtrtrttNcncnrtrt 3 a- Ifs i* SO PhO iiiii SSOTJ' rt O M I 1 (^oOaj" iiii M r iiiii! i i I ii ii i i r ii 5 ft) te 2t S* |5J.E ►H?(20 I I I 11 II li I li M II II 11 II I II 1! > fl 4> fl o o «- 9 w feU I I I I.I I 1 i I I i M i iiiiii •9*3 So MMMM!" iiiiii 13 CJJ 3 c i X (J 1 p. O cfl ■«! s § & Z|U 6.2 U w B3 fl rt fl So rtrtrttNrtrtcNVD | 0\r4i-*<rir4r«0-* \ i rt ce 3 Jed ce ft ••fi a Si S U *PhO ! I I I" I SSS'5 «OSD I I °2D M ! I v o E rt SO i ! ! SO i es i fN m j Tf co rm! $ 5 jS | I i N" CCJ ( v rt Jfi M . . E &a ■f II o rt h|JPh< .fit- * ciirt ' T--|1 „ OJ JO ftf; ,(010 o co cn iWtHrt ' CO CO tO CJ u flj mOOUUUbSOJ Ch 'fi _rti.9 BO s W -t? -, Ih O o & rt I .g-I-jB cj c-c PhO rt ^ ca a 83i j c 2 i| 2 I M Si > Hfi a c rt rt CJ CH Is •gcE. hS 2 n I CO 8 5 83& Oo. a E fi .2 "it a &s ■- rt > co .-^ rfi c- [> rt S '3 rt ft 2 cK d >,nfi 9 e o •a -a «j rco o ,o H. (KPiHcflU REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 DD 71 >VH ^h a Q -ch o H 1) 3 W 60 *J ctj J ■U i-i D P vo > c o §2 ^ tn ^r o;" pa <r-U =1 §s PL, O JH > m" H m o °^ H^ ,_! o o o o o o o o O o in <r ro cm i—i ooo ooo o os co o o _ o o o O o \0 u~i -tf CO CM o ooooo o - -ooooo oo oo ooooo Oo Oo oo ooo c^Ou-i -tf ro CMc-hOonoQ OOOO OOOO lA <f CO O* I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H « I llllllllll v_- -.... _ o o ■_# o o o o o o o CO CN t-t O os 00 r— I I o o o o 1 I I I I I I I so in -f co cm ooooo ' t_> o o o o o o i O os CO r- \D in -tf lllll I I I I I I I I I . o ooooooo oo oo oooooooooooo ro CN«-HOaiQ0r-\Du-)-tf e^cN Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1967 560-367-3113
- Library Home /
- Search Collections /
- Open Collections /
- Browse Collections /
- BC Sessional Papers /
- Annual Report of the Director of Correction for the...
Open Collections
BC Sessional Papers
Annual Report of the Director of Correction for the YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1966 British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1967]
jpg
Page Metadata
Item Metadata
Title | Annual Report of the Director of Correction for the YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1966 |
Alternate Title | REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF CORRECTION, 1965/66 |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1967] |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1967_V02_24_DD1_DD71 |
Collection |
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2018-03-09 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0364208 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
Download
- Media
- bcsessional-1.0364208.pdf
- Metadata
- JSON: bcsessional-1.0364208.json
- JSON-LD: bcsessional-1.0364208-ld.json
- RDF/XML (Pretty): bcsessional-1.0364208-rdf.xml
- RDF/JSON: bcsessional-1.0364208-rdf.json
- Turtle: bcsessional-1.0364208-turtle.txt
- N-Triples: bcsessional-1.0364208-rdf-ntriples.txt
- Original Record: bcsessional-1.0364208-source.json
- Full Text
- bcsessional-1.0364208-fulltext.txt
- Citation
- bcsessional-1.0364208.ris
Full Text
Cite
Citation Scheme:
Usage Statistics
Share
Embed
Customize your widget with the following options, then copy and paste the code below into the HTML
of your page to embed this item in your website.
<div id="ubcOpenCollectionsWidgetDisplay">
<script id="ubcOpenCollectionsWidget"
src="{[{embed.src}]}"
data-item="{[{embed.item}]}"
data-collection="{[{embed.collection}]}"
data-metadata="{[{embed.showMetadata}]}"
data-width="{[{embed.width}]}"
data-media="{[{embed.selectedMedia}]}"
async >
</script>
</div>

https://iiif.library.ubc.ca/presentation/cdm.bcsessional.1-0364208/manifest