PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Hon. R. G. Williston, Minister F. S. McKinnon, Deputy Minister of Forests REPORT of the FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1966 Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1967 Victoria, B.C., February, 1967. To Major-General the Honourable George Randolph Pearkes, V.C., P.C., C.B., D.S.O., M.C., CD., Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Forest Service of the Department of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources for the calendar year 1966. R. G. WILLISTON, Minister of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources. The Honourable R. G. Williston, Minister of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—There is submitted herewith the Annual Report on activities of the Forest Service during the calendar year 1966. F. S. McKINNON, Deputy Minister of Forests. . ■"' - - - CONTENTS 1. Chief Forester's Report. 2. Forest Inventory Division. Field Programme Forest Classification and Sampling- Growth Studies Loss-factor Studies Special Field Projects- Operations Office Programme. Forest Mapping.. Area and Volume Summaries and Distribution of Information. Development Planning 3. Forest Research Division Cowichan Lake Experiment Station. Field Programme Seedling Seed Orchards.. Douglas-fir Provenances. Planting-stock Tests Nursery Fertility Studies. Soil Classification Clearing and Thinning Prince Rupert Forest District- Prince George Forest District Kamloops Forest District Data-processing and Statistical Analysis. Canada Land Inventory 4. Reforestation Division Forest Nurseries.. Forest Tree Seed.. Reconnaissance and Survey Work- Planting Permanent Improvements Co-operation Interdepartmental Forestry and Corrections Camp Programme. 7 Pace - 11 . 14 . 14 . 14 . 14 . 14 . 15 . 15 - 16 . 16 . 17 . 17 . 19 . 19 . 19 . 19 . 19 . 19 . 20 . 20 . 20 . 20 . 20 . 21 . 21 . 21 . 23 . 23 . 24 - 25 - 26 . 27 . 27 . 28 5 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Page 5. Public Information and Education Division 31 News Releases and Special Articles 31 Radio and Television 32 Photography 32 Motion-picture Production 3 3 Film Library 33 School Lecture Programme 3 3 Signs 33 Library 33 Exhibits 34 6. Forest Management Division 35 Market Prices and Stumpage Trends 35 Lumber Prices 35 Log Prices 35 Stumpage Prices 36 Stumpage Adjustments 3 7 Peace River Flood Basin 37 Columbia Flood Basin 3 7 Bark Beetles 39 Close Utilization 39 Timber Sales 39 Tree-farm Licences 39 General 39 Sustained-yield Programme 39 Public Sustained-yield Units 39 Pulp Harvesting Forests 40 Tree-farm Licences 40 Silviculture 40 Scaling 40 Coast 40 Interior 41 7. Grazing Division 42 General Conditions 42 Range 42 Hay 43 Markets and Prices 43 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 7. Grazing Division—Continued Range Management Range Improvements- Peace River Pastures... Co-operation- Administration.. Grazing Permits. Hay Permits Grazing Fees Control and Enforcement.. 8. Engineering Services Division Engineering Section 9 Page . 43 . 44 . 44 . 45 . 46 . 46 . 46 . 46 _ 46 . 48 . 48 Development Engineering and Location 48 Road Construction and Maintenance 48 General Engineering 49 Buildings and Marine Services 49 Building Construction 49 Mobile Accommodation. Marine Activities Mechanical Section Forest Service Maintenance Depot. Marine Work 49 51 51 52 52 Prefabrication and Carpentry 52 Mechanical Work. Depot Maintenance- Radio Section 9. Forest Protection Division. Weather Fires Occurrence and Causes . 52 52 53 56 56 56 56 Cost of Fire-fighting 56 Damage 56 10 9. DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Page Forest Protection Division—Continued Protection Planning and Research 56 Fire Statistics 5 6 Visibility Mapping 56 Fuel-moisture Indicator Sticks 57 Insect Survey and Control 57 Research Projects.. Fire-suppression Crews- Aircraft Roads and Trails. Snag-falling Slash Disposal Vancouver Forest District.. Interior Forest Districts Fire-law Enforcement Forest Closures 10. Forest Service Training-school. Extra Courses and Functions- Acknowledgments 58 59 59 59 59 59 59 61 61 61 62 63 63 Construction 63 11. Accounting Division- Fiscal Administration- _ 64 - 64 ... 65 12. Personnel Division- Communications and Training Establishment, Recruitment, and Staff Turnover 66 66 67 Classification, Salaries, and Working Conditions 68 13. Personnel Directory, 1966 69 14. Appendix—Tabulated Detailed Statements to Supplement Report of the Forest Service 71 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 CHIEF FORESTER'S REPORT Developments during 1966 were cause for general satisfaction with the progress of forest-management policy. Not only did diversification of the forest industry stand up under mixed market conditions to allow a new record to be set in forest- production value, but the total area of productive forest land under sustained yield had been increased to nearly 85,000,000 acres by the end of the year, and there was growing acceptance of the British Columbia Forest Service's year-old close- utilization policy. Production value rose to $1,037,000,000, to set an all-time record for British Columbia despite a slump in the lumber market during the fourth quarter. A major factor in this over-all stability in the forest economy was the expansion of the pulp and paper industry. While all three major divisions of the industry showed increases, the pulp, paper, and allied industries accounted for more than 55 per cent of the $49,000,000 rise over the previous record set in 1965. The figures were: Logging, $400,000,000, an increase of $10,000,000 over 1965; wood industries, $347,000,000, an increase of $12,000,000; and pulp, paper, and allied industries, $290,000,000, an increase of $27,000,000. The timber scale for the year was 1,602,437,488 cubic feet, compared to 1,533,112,794 cubic feet in 1965, an increase of AV2 per cent, and the highest scale ever recorded in the history of the Province. Of the 1966 total, 68 per cent or 1,091,795,803 cubic feet came from forests operated under sustained-yield management. The number of public sustained-yield units at the end of the year totalled 76, covering 75,536,237 acres of productive forest land, an increase of approximately 6V2 million acres over 1965. At the same time there was a large increase in privately operated sustained-yield acreage which brought the over-all total for all types of sustained-yield units to nearly 85,000,000 productive acres. More than half of the increase under private sustained-yield operations was accounted for by the award of Tree-farm Licence No. 41, which contains over 473,000 productive acres. Another large area brought into the sustained-yield programme was the Vancouver Public Sustained-yield Unit, covering the previously unregulated area in the Lower Fraser Valley, extending west to Howe Sound. The total area of this unit is 516,980 acres, with an annual commitment of 8,425,000 cubic feet of timber. Fourteen additional public sustained-yield units were gazetted as pulp harvesting forests, bringing the total to 21 at the end of the year. Forest revenue reached a new high of $50,348,464, an increase of 5.8 per cent over 1965. However, more than half this increase was due to the inclusion of some items formerly shown as " offsets " to expenditures. Timber-sale stumpage, the major source of revenue, rose by 1.4 per cent to $42,643,936, while timber-sale rentals and fees increased by a substantial 23.8 per cent. A contributing factor in the record forest production for the year was the relatively quiet fire season enjoyed throughout the Province. The total of 1,967 fires recorded was well below the 10-year average of 2,117. Lightning was again the 11 12 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES principal cause, accounting for 19 per cent of the total. This was in sharp contrast to the 1965 fire season, when lightning caused 37 per cent of the fires, slightly higher than the 10-year average of 36 per cent. Average fire-suppression cost to the Forest Service was $886 per cost fire, compared to $2,041 the previous year. The Forest Service accounted for $700,400 of the entire year's suppression cost of $1,028,100, which was less than half the 10-year average. The 54,788 acres of forest cover burned were only 12 per cent of the 10-year average of 438,000 acres, while the damage to forest cover was $757,000, compared to the 10-year average of $3,252,637. The hemlock needle miner outbreak in north-west Vancouver Island continues to be surveyed as a joint field project of the industry and the Canada Department of Forestry and Rural Development, with the British Columbia Forest Service continuing on a cost-sharing basis. Because of a marked decline in population levels through natural causes, chemical treatment was not undertaken. The continuing balsam woolly aphid survey was expanded and extended in 1966. This is basically a joint Federal-Provincial programme in which the Federal Forestry Department concentrates on research aspects and technical guidance, while British Columbia conducts the operational survey functions. There were no major changes during the year involving senior personnel, but, in the interest of economy and improved administration, the Working Plans Division at headquarters was absorbed by the Inventory and Management Divisions. Intensive inventory of public sustained-yield units continued during the year, and, inclusive of 1965 field work, unit survey information now is available for 50,000,000 acres. Growth, loss-factor, and volume studies were continued, providing basic compilation information for inventory and allowable-cut calculations. There were important gains in reforestation during the year. Forest Service crews made a record collection of 35,000 bushels of cones, which will provide a good foundation for the increasing planting programme. Nursery facilities were expanded in all locations, resulting in a net increase in productive area despite retirement of some inferior fields. Perhaps the most important development was the acquisition, near Prince George, of the Red Rock Nursery site, which eventually will be the largest producer in the Province. Over 19,000,000 trees were planted by all agencies during the year, and planting of Crown lands was the most extensive since 1954. The growth of the Forest Service work load placed increased demands on the Engineering Services Division for housing, mechanical, marine, and communications services. A total of 39 miles of new all-weather road was completed, with an additional 12 miles finished except for gravel surface and drainage structures. Despite unfavourable construction weather in the summer, work was completed on the Gold River, Kispiox River, and Parsnip River projects. Road-location survey crews flagged 70.7 miles of line for construction of low-order protection roads and established 59.3 miles of centre line for future haul roads. Map location and design were completed for another 20.7 miles on the Chilcotin South Forest Road. In the Portage Mountain Dam flood area, work was continued on a further 14,830 acres in the development of navigation channnels and landings. A new programme of the Research Division deals with systems analysis with a view to computerizing various Forest Service procedures. The first task consisted of redesigning the system of official scale computing, calculation of charges, printing of accounts, and maintenance of statistical records in the Vancouver scaling office. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 13 The Grazing Division reports the ranching industry enjoyed a reasonably successful year. Both range forage and hay production were generally good. The price of cattle rose appreciably during the year, but the benefit of this was offset to a considerable degree by higher costs in wages, machinery, and material. Although the number of cattle on Crown range was again higher, the rate of increase was considerably less than during the previous five years as the ranges are becoming full. Range sheep production continued to drop, and use of Crown range by sheep now is insignificant. Several amendments to the Forest Act repealed a number of sections and set up new procedures for other matters. The definition of timber was extended to include standing timber. The right of entry for members of the Forest Service was added to the jurisdiction of the Service. Designation of pulpwood harvesting areas now can be made only east of the Cascade Mountains. The provision respecting half rental rates was repealed, as were provisions respecting hand-loggers' licences and resin licences, together with the sections relating to them. The marking sections were revised, and one section was repealed. Licences now can be issued to purchasers and occupiers to cut timber on Crown land. The Lieutenant-Governor in Council now can make regulations with respect to nursery stock and quarantine areas and with respect to the destruction of infected plant nursery stock. Provision was made for the prorating of royalty where more than one rate of royalty applies to timber. The section establishing the Forest Development Fund was repealed. A regulation was passed under the Grazing Act providing for rates on natural range and improved pastures in the Peace River area. 14 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES FOREST INVENTORY DIVISION Intensive inventry of public sustained-yield units continued during the year. Inclusive of 1965 field work, unit survey information is now available for 50,000,000 acres. A further 21,000,000 acres are covered by maintenance surveys. Growth, loss-factor, and volume studies were continued, providing basic compilation information for inventory and for allowable cut calculations. Application of 70-mm. photography to sampling logging-residue volumes and detection of balsam woolly aphid information was studied. Regeneration plantability surveys were made in several large burns, and one regeneration survey was carried out on the Coast. The continuous staff employed by the Division numbered 146, including 61 foresters, 16 technical personnel, 35 draughting and clerical staff, and 16 mechanical, warehouse, launch crew, and operations personnel. To supplement the professional and technical staff during the field season, 77 seasonal employees were engaged. Financial assistance for the inventory programme was provided again under the Federal-Provincial Forestry Agreement. FIELD PROGRAMME Forest Classification and Sampling Forest inventories to unit survey standard were completed for six public sustained-yield units in 1966. Some 13,280,000 acres were classified and sampled. The area involved in each unit is shown in Table B, which outlines the production of interim base maps for the year. Classification crews of the Division completed 14,349 air calls and 6,677 ground examinations. Sampling crews established 1,817 multi-plot samples. In a cooperative arrangement with the Division, tree-farm licensee crews established an additional 863 samples. Although these samples may not apply to stands in areas of current field work, they can be used to supplement information on similar forest types in public sustained-yield units. Growth Studies In the 1966 growth and yield programme, 103 permanent plots were established in three Interior public sustained-yield units. These plots were distributed as follows: Nehalliston, 79; Salmon Arm, 14; and Niskonlith, 10. The types sampled were: 52 Douglas-fir, 29 larch, and 22 lodgepole pine. Conditions sampled were: Ages ranging from 21 to 120 years; sites from good to poor, with the majority in the medium and poor class; and elevations ranging from 1,600 to 4,100 feet. During the year the Growth Section has produced 140 sets of local and zonal volume-over-age curves. These curves, or site-class yield tables in graphic form, supply mean annual increment at any age. The calculation of allowable annual cuts for public sustained-yield units is now a function of the Growth Section. In 1966 allowable cuts were calculated for 27 approved units and six proposed units. Over 30 inquiries and miscellaneous requests for growth information were processed during the year. Loss-factor Studies Loss-factor crews felled and measured 2,508 trees in one Coast and three Interior public sustained-yield units. In the Coastal unit, 976 tree measurements REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 15 were made on 40 sample plots located in the south-western half of the Dewdney Public Sustained-yield Unit, while the Interior units produced 564 trees from 12 sample plots in the Raft Public Sustained-yield Unit, 426 trees from eight sample plots in the Hazelton Public Sustained-yield Unit, and 542 trees from the 10 sample plots in the Bell-Irving Public Sustained-yield Unit. Six of the samples on the Coast were double sampled in connection with the study of 70-mm. helicopter photography. Experiments were carried out with black- and-white, coloured, and infra-red films in an attempt to arrive at a decadence classification similar to the residual-suspect classification used for standing samples. The samples in the Raft Public Sustained-yield Unit are the start of a field study into cull factors for the Hemlock-Cedar Wet Belt. Through continuing co-operative work by tree-farm licensees, measurements were submitted for 762 trees from 12 samples. Butt-taper Tables for Coastal Tree Species and Zonal Net Volume (Loss) Factors were published in Forest Survey Notes 7 and 8. Special Field Projects Plantability studies were carried out in several large burns in the Prince George and Prince Rupert Forest Districts. In the Prince George District's " Grove " and "Straw" burns, 8,769 and 8,964 acres respectively were examined. In the Prince Rupert District, 5,600, 5,171, 803, and 7,524 acres were examined in the "John," "Van," "Pope" and "Tintagel" burns respectively. A regeneration study to determine the restocking condition of cut-over areas in Timber Licences 1136 and 1137 of the Vancouver Forest District showed the entire area to be restocked satisfactorily. A total of 1,113 acres was examined. Studies in the use of 70-mm. fixed-base photography for forest sampling continued. Six hemlock-balsam-yellow cedar samples were photographed with three different films—Tri-X panchromatic, Ektachrome ER colour reversal, and Ekta- chrome infra-red colour reversal films. Individual trees were studied on each film to determine the possibility of photo detection of decay in the trees. Results are encouraging and warrant further study. Co-operative studies are being carried out jointly with the Management and Research Divisions in the development of ground and 70-mm. fixed-base photo sampling methods for logging-residue volumes. Preliminary results are encouraging. A co-operative study is being carried out with the Federal Department of Forestry in the use of this type of photography on colour and infra-red colour films for the detection of balsam woolly aphid infestation. No results are available at the present time. Two Linhof aero-electric 70-mm. cameras were tested. Results were excellent, but some additions are required to make them completely suitable for this work. Operations Prefabricated base camps were established for five forest inventory projects in the Interior and one on the Coast. The launch " Forest Surveyor," in conjunction with barge " LC 6," was used as a floating base for field crews and helicopter operations for much of the Redonda portion of the Quadra Public Sustained-yield Unit. All project headquarters, launches, sub-bases, and helicopters were provided with effective communication through the Division's radio network. Division mechanics continued regular inspections and maintenance of mechanical units assigned to field 16 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES projects. Owing to the concentration of vehicles at three projects in the Chilcotin and the adverse operating conditions encountered, a mechanic was assigned to the area full time to ensure adequate servicing. River boats were used extensively on the Monkman project, an area of very limited access, to traverse the lengthy waterways of the McGregor River and lower Herrick Creek. Inflatable boats proved useful on some tributaries of the McGregor, and on the upper Dean and Klinaklini Rivers on the Chilko project. Several outboard cabin cruisers operated on the waters about the Redonda project and on Chilko and Taseko Lakes in the Chilcotin. Helicopters again enabled forest classifiers to tape-record information during low-level flights and to make ground checks in less accessible forest stands. Helicopters also transported sampling crews into remote areas. Three machines were obtained under contract—two Bell 47 G-5's for the more mountainous terrain, and a Bell 47 G-2 for areas of moderate topography in the Chilko projects. Over 1,100 hours were flown on these contracts, and an additional 70 hours expended on local charters or district machines, as required. Some 800 hours were utilized on forest classification—240 on sampling, and the balance for ferry, training, and supervisory inspections. Frequent unseasonable rainstorms and persistent cloud conditions in the mountainous areas of the Hazelton project hampered flying operations considerably. Wherever feasible, float-equipped aircraft transported crews to remote lakes, principally in the Chilcotin and Hazelton projects. Seventy-five hours were flown on this duty. Planning liaison was continued with the Air Division of the Lands Service to provide photography for future forest inventory projects. Complete photo coverage at a scale of 20 chains to 1 inch was obtained for 1967 projects, as follows: Queen Charlotte, Purden, Bowron, Edgewood, Granby, Nakusp, Slocan, and North Thompson Public Sustained-yield Units, the Sayward portion of the Quadra Public Sustained-yield Unit, and the Kamloops Region Special Sale Area. Additional coverage included parts of the Rivers Inlet Public Sustained-yield Unit and the Sechelt area of the Quadra Public Sustained-yield Unit, which are scheduled for field work in 1968. This photography covered an area of 15,925 square miles. On special request, as an aid to forest classification, the Air Division flew 364 line miles of 40-chains-to-1-inch photography over areas of recent forest activity near Hazelton. OFFICE PROGRAMME Forest Mapping Table A outlines the final forest-cover mapping, planimetry, and volume estimates completed during 1966, based on the 1965 field projects. Unit survey reports, maps, and map-area and map-volume statements have been issued on all but the partial inventories of the Chilko and Skeena Public Sustained-yield Units. On completion, in 1967, of compilation and mapping for the Chilko and Skeena, unit survey reports will be issued for the entire units. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 Table A.—Production of Final Forest-cover Maps for 1965 Projects 17 Public Sustained-yield Unit Number of Maps Scale (Chains to Inch) Forest and Non-forest Area in Acres Crown Alienated Total Volume in M Cu. Ft. on Mature Crown Area Chilko (part) Hecate (north half) — Narcosli (extension).. Nehalliston Ootsa Parsnip- Skeena (part) Upper Kootenay . Yalakom Totals . 61 43 47 23 132 77 12 66 86 547 20 40 20 20 20 20 20,40 20 20 1,125,247 2,039,978 904,275 395,196 2,65-8,653 1,475,932 322,252 1,361,177 1,838,356 10,668 131,755 12,185 20,031 93,360 3,396 12,981 52,411 79,682 1,135,915 2,171,733 916,460 415,227 2,752,013 1,479,328 335,233 1,413,588 1,918,038 I C1) 4,855,0552 975,1623 370,3723 4,220,1303 2,297,2933 C1) 1,281,1433 1,743,1573 12,121,066 416,469 12,537,535 | I i Not yet calculated. 2 Volumes, 9.1"+d.b.h. close-utilization standard less decay. 3 Volumes, 7.1"+d.b.h. close-utilization standard less decay. Table B indicates the extent of base maps prepared for the 1966 field projects. These areas were base-mapped from 20-chains-to-l-inch air photos flown in 1965. Forest-cover mapping of these projects is now in progress, and maps and reports should be available by the fall of 1967. Table B.—Production of Interim Base Maps for the 1966 Field Work Public Sustained-yield Unit Number of Maps Scale (Chains to Inch) Total Estimated Acreage Chilko (part) .. ... 198 20 38 20 69 1 20 5,249,539 649,287 1,359,548 121 93 23 103 20 20 20 20 1,851,184 1,825,140 267,607 2,077,421 Totals ... . 645 | 13,279,726 1 1 Area and Volume Summaries and Distribution of Information In addition to the planimetry of 12,537,000 acres required for unit survey reports, 62 inventory summaries were completed for Forest Service management planning purposes and 120 were completed for the Lands Service which involved applications to lease or to purchase. These requests accounted for a total area of 95,000,000 acres and a net timber volume of 54,000,000,000 cubic feet. The sale and distribution of maps and other information continued at a high level. The material included 19,700 maps, 220 survey reports, 660 volume-overage curves, and over 2,000 sample volume statements. All of the 2,680 Provincial samples established during the 1966 field season have been compiled on the basis of the 1962 standard cubic foot volume tables. The Provincial sample total, 1953 to 1966, inclusive, after deletion of some reject samples, stands at 31,034, exclusive of permanent growth plots. Prints of any compiled sample statement in cubic feet per acre are available at a nominal charge. Although there have been no changes in equipment during 1966, centralization and improved control in the Data Processing Division have resulted in better service to Forest Inventory. All samples established since 1953 are now recorded on magnetic tape, thus allowing disposal of several million punched cards. 18 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Development Planning Since amalgamation of the two divisions of Working Plans and Forest Surveys and Inventory on May 3rd, formal approval has been given for one public sustained- yield unit, one pulpwood harvesting area, and eight pulp harvesting forests. Concurrently, development planning study has progressed on 13 proposed public sustained-yield units and on one special sale area in the unregulated area of Northern British Columbia. In more detail, Ministerial approval was given for establishing the Vancouver Public Sustained-yield Unit from what formerly was the Vancouver Region. Pulp- wood Harvesting Area No. 5 agreement was signed, formally granting to Cariboo Pulp and Paper Company Limited an option to purchase pulpwood from the Cottonwood, Narcosli, and Quesnel Lake Public Sustained-yield Units. The 13 proposed public sustained-yield units and the special sale area which cover the remaining unregulated northern part of the Province are Alsek, Boundary, Dease, Fontas, Fort Nelson, Kechika, Klappan, Kotcho, Liard, Sikanni, Stikine, Taku, and Wapiti, and the Dawson Creek Special Sale Area. 138" 134" 134° 132° 130° 116° 112° 110° 50° PUBLIC SUSTAINED YIELD UNITS (P.S.Y.U.'s) p.h.a. ?:mm ■ | Ins de Pulpwood Harvesting A fcas | J NO . 1 9. Big Valley 40. Naver 67. Stuart Lake 15. Carp 41. Nechako 71. Westlake 20. Crooked River 49. Parsnip 73. Willow River 1. Adams 42. Nehalliston 55. Raft 5. Barriere 43. Nicola 59. Salmon Arm 6. Barton Hill 44. Niskonlith 60. Shuswap 11. Botanie 46. North Thompson 66. Spallumcheen 23. Eagle NO. 3 12. Bowron 36. Mo n km an 57. Robson 34. Longworth 51. Purden 4. Babine 37. Morice 64. Smithers 13. Burns Lake NO 5 17. Cottonwood 39. Narcosli 54. Quesnel Lake NO 6 8. Big Bar 68. Stum 75. Yalakom 32. Lac la Hache 72. Williams Lake NO 7 50. Peace 69. Takla P.S.Y.U.'s | nnnn Outside Pulpwood Harvesting Areas 2. Arrowhead 26. Finlay 52. Quadra 3. Ashnola 27. Granby 53. Queen Charlotte 7. Bell- Irving 28. Hecate 56. Rivers Inlet 10. Blueberry 29. Kettle 58. Salmo 14. Canoe 30. .Kin basket 61. Similkameen 16. Chilko 31. Kingcome 62. Skeena 18. Cranbrook 33. Lardeau 63. Slocan 19. Creston 35. Moberly 65. Soo 21. Dean 38. Nakusp 70. Upper Kootenay 22. Dewdney 45. Nootka 76. Vancouver 24. Edgewood 47. Okanagan 74. Wlnde rm ere 25. Fernie 48. Ootsa OTHER PUBLIC UNITS S.S.A. - Special Sale Area (O-I-C 2811/62) 11111111 K.R. - Kamloops Region Special Sale Area (O-I-C 1826/66) TREE FARM LICENCES DIXON ENTRANCE BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES HONOURABLE R. G. WILLISTON, MINISTER Scale 40 30 20 10 120 STATUS OF SUSTAINED-YIELD FORESTRY PROGRAMME AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1966 58° 54° 21. MacMillan. Bloedel Industries Ltd. 22. British Columbia Forest Products Limited 23. Celgar Limited 24. Rayonier Canada (B. C.) Limited 25. Rayonier Canada (B. C.) Limited 26. The Corporation of the District of Mission 27. British Columbia Forest Products Limited 28. Shelley Development Limited 29. Eagle Lake Sawmills Limited 30. Sinclair Spruce Lumber Company Ltd. 32. Vernon Box & Pine Lumber Co. Ltd. 33. Shuswap Timbers Ltd. 35. B. C. Interior Sawmills Ltd. 36. F. &R. Logging Co. Ltd. 37. Canadian Forest Products Ltd. 38. Empire Mills Limited 39. MacMillan, Bloedel Limited 40. Skeena Kraft Limited 41. Eurocan Pulp and Paper Co, Ltd. 52° CHARLOTTE SOUND Coped 132° 128° 126° 124° 122° 120° 116° REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 19 FOREST RESEARCH DIVISION A detailed report on the research programme for 1966 will appear in the annual Forest Research Review, compiled at the end of the fiscal year. COWICHAN LAKE EXPERIMENT STATION For the second year in a row, heavy snowfall resulted in considerable damage to the clone banks. Many of the 1965 grafts were torn off the rootstock by the weight of snow. Overgrowth of the older grafted stock continues to be a problem, but a promising treatment has been developed, consisting of removing strips of bark from each side of the union. Callus growth follows, resulting in a better union of rootstock and scion. An unusually late frost on May 26th over most of Vancouver Island severely damaged the strobili of a number of controlled crosses at Gordon River. The first series of intraspecific crosses of Douglas-fir was planted in four areas on Vancouver Island. The number of l-j-0 seedlings in the nursery increased from 8,500 to 20,000. The majority of these seedlings are from intraspecific crosses and inbred lines, the remainder being from various provenances and from rootstock of known parentage. This was the first year in which some of the older clones of selected plus trees produced both male and female strobili in sufficient numbers for pollinations to be made. No cruising for plus trees was carried out in 1966, as, for the time being, a sufficient number has been selected throughout the range of Douglas-fir on the Coast. Work was concentrated on the propagation of trees already registered, in the Experiment Station clone bank. The register contains 615 individual trees, 445 of which are selected plus trees. The remaining 170 are specimen trees retained for research purposes and include a number of veterans and trees from outside British Columbia. Some 536 clones are now represented in Forest Service clone banks. The research nursery and clone bank areas have been enlarged. The transplant area has been doubled in size, and all stumps have been piled and burned on the 40-acre block cleared last year. The nursery and clone bank are now linked by a quarter-mile of new road. FIELD PROGRAMME Seedling Seed Orchards The past year was notable for an exceptionally good seed crop. Advantage was taken of the Coastal Douglas-fir cone crop to collect wind-pollinated seed from the plus trees located at higher elevations on Vancouver Island and the Mainland. Pacific Logging Company Limited, Western Forest Industries Limited, and Tahsis Company Limited co-operated. The seed will be used to establish seedling orchards. Seeds from 36 trees on Vancouver Island and 54 trees on the Mainland were collected. Douglas-fir Provenance In 1962 a Douglas-fir provenance study was planned but has had to be postponed until this year's seed crop made implementation possible. A total of 90 collections was obtained between southern Oregon and Kemano in the north, representing a comprehensive range of climate. Planting-stock Tests Second-year survival exceeds 86 per cent in two experiments testing Douglas- fir planting stock. Valley-bottom sites have not yet " brushed in " sufficiently to affect plantations, and while the larger stocks are growing significantly faster, there 20 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES are no differences in survival between large and small grades, between seedlings and transplants, or between mattock and shovel planting. These early results emphasize the overriding importance of care in handling and planting the stock. In Forest Service test plots of Douglas-fir seedlings in 21/i-inch plastic bullets, survival fell during the second year from 16.6 to 9.3 per cent. Nursery Fertility Studies At Koksilah nursery, fertilizer response of Douglas-fir seedlings to pre-sowing application of up to 60 pounds per acre of phosphorus (as superphosphate) was confirmed by increased growth of 2+0 stock. A factorial experiment in which nitrogen was applied to Douglas-fir seed-beds at the rate of 40 and 80 pounds per acre in April or June suggested that time of application was as important as the 40-pound-per-acre difference in application rate. Several different sources of nitrogen failed to cause any difference in 1+0 Douglas-fir seedling size but did affect seedling density. The optimum levels of nitrogen in the tissues of Douglas-fir and Sitka spruce seedlings of different ages have been determined, using sand culture in the greenhouse. Soil Classification In the Sayward Forest, 100 square miles have been studied in an investigation of the soil and its relationship to the growth of Douglas-fir plantations. Cleaning and Thinning In the same area, a small experimental cleaning programme, commenced in 1959, was continued, and sample plots were thinned for the third time. The scope of the experiment was enlarged to include 10 more thinning prescriptions. The present levels of growing stock range from 400 to 1,200 trees per acre. Prince Rupert Forest District The research headquarters was changed from Prince Rupert to Smithers. Two blocks of 40 white and Engelmann spruce provenances were planted— one near Quick and the second near Verdun Mountain—as part of a Province-wide spruce provenance study. A start was made on implementing proposals put forward in a problem analysis published as Research Note 40. " Silvics and Silviculture of Lodgepole Pine in the North-Central Interior of British Columbia." This included direct seeding studies at Taltapin Lake and Verdun Mountain, also establishment of traps to study seed dissemination of pine at the latter site. Weather stations were set up at both areas. Further study has been given to the classification of lodgepole pine site types in order to provide information for the Burns Lake-Smithers region. Plots were established to provide vegetation and mensurational data. Prince George Forest District A long-term study on the influence of time on the effectiveness of scarified seed-beds will be completed with the publication of Research Note 42, " The Durability of Scarified Seedbeds for Spruce Regeneration." The main effort has been to complete a problem analysis of the spruce and pine forest types of the region. This entailed a comprehensive field reconnaissance, having due regard to the pronounced changes in forest practice incurred by the establishment of four large pulp companies in the region. A replication of the spruce provenance study was established on the Aleza Lake Forest Reserve. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 21 Exploratory direct-seeding studies continue to provide valuable information. The latest comprised the seeding of lodgepole pine on snow after a controlled slash burn. Kamloops Forest District The second year of direct seeding mixed species in the Wet Belt produced much better results than the first year's seeding. Significant differences in germination and survival were obtained for seed treatment and seed-bed preparation. The favourable results may be attributed more to climate than to any other factor. A substantial amount of delayed germination was obtained from the first year's white pine seeding. DATA PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS A major effort consisted of redesigning the system of official scale computing, calculation of charges, printing of accounts, and maintenance of statistical records in the Vancouver scaling office. The change was necessary because of an administrative decision to utilize an I.B.M. 1440 data-processing system to do this work instead of utilizing Friden desk calculators and I.B.M. unit record equipment. Within the over-all systems design, 45 programmes were designed and written, 15 disk files were designed and organized, the staff of the scaling office were retrained in their duties, and the flow of files in the Vancouver office was altered to accommodate the new system. In May, 1966, systems design and retraining had progressed to the stage that the computing of accounts could be changed from the one system to the other, and this was done. Since the change, work has been concentrated on preparing programmes for producing statistics for annual reports. In addition, changes have been made to improve the efficiency of the system. It can now be said that the I.B.M. 1440 data-processing system is fully operational. However, changes are still being made to increase its efficiency. All research data are now processed through the computer facilities of the Department of Industrial Development, Trade, and Commerce. Several temporary and five general programmes were written. The three most frequently used programmes were the multiple regression analysis, analysis of variance, and simple descriptive statistics. Implementation of management policies related to sale of timber, which are conducive to closer utilization, has stimulated a need for reliable methods of estimating residue volumes following logging. Conventional sample plots prove to be unduly expensive in this low-value material. Alternative methods are being investigated in co-operation with the Federal Forest Products Laboratory and divisions of the Forest Service. CANADA LAND INVENTORY The Research Division is actively associated with several Provincial and Federal organizations in the British Columbia programme of the Canada Land Inventory. During the past year a survey and report on the special sale area, Prince George, has been completed and a survey conducted in the southern part of the Rocky Mountain Trench and the Princeton-Tulameen map-sheets. Climatic studies have been conducted in these areas. Many temporary or seasonal weather stations have been established to supplement official Department of Transport stations in areas of high elevation and remote access. The objective of the programme is to provide basic data for better land-use decisions. The Forest Service is concerned, since a sustained-yield policy can only be effective if there is a stable land resource dedicated to this purpose. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 23 REFORESTATION DIVISION FOREST NURSERIES Although weather conditions are one of the major factors with which the nurseryman has to be concerned, there are ways in which he can, to a certain extent, control the effect of the weather on his crop. By the proper use of irrigation and drainage, he can overcome the effect of drought, heavy precipitation, and frost. In recent years more attention has been given to these factors and good results have been achieved. A favourable growing season was reported from all nurseries in 1966, and this has been reflected in the quality of the planting stock produced. At the Coast nurseries heavy snowfall in midwinter provided cover for seedlings during the coldest part of the year, and losses from frost heaving were minimal. However, late spring frosts were prevalent, and some damage was reported. The spring and early summer months were generally cloudy and cool with slightly more than normal rainfall. These conditions made heavy watering of nursery stock unnecessary. Fall frosts were not severe but did occur early enough so that irrigation was needed to protect the stock. Some damage was sustained where water was not applied soon enough. Major developments took place in both Coast and Interior nursery programmes during the year. Development work was carried out on the new sites which were acquired, while expansion was carried out at all other nurseries. Preliminary tests indicate that satisfactory germination and growth of all species at Rayleigh can be expected, and this prompted an increase in production at this nursery in 1966. In the Chilliwack Valley, a new nursery development was undertaken toward the consolidation of present facilities, and, by the end of the year, clearing by inmates was almost complete on sufficient area for the sowing of 600 beds next spring. The first stock was produced at Alouette Nursery, where Alouette Unit crews completed development of the initial area and are now preparing an additional 8 acres. At the nearby Haney Nursery, development of an additional 2 acres is under way. The entire area at the Snowdon transplant nursery near Campbell River is now ready for use in the coming season, and a start was made toward the building of a dam to improve the water supply. In addition to the initial development of these nursery areas, the operation of them and the production of planting stock are carried out by inmate crews. Perhaps the most important development of the year was the final acquisition of the Red Rock Nursery site near Prince George. As soon as snow left the area, sufficient land was cleared and prepared for 222 seed-beds and 700,000 transplants. A further 516 seed-beds were sown in the fall, and more land has been prepared for next year. The only serious problem encountered at the new nursery was an attack of white grub (Phyllophaga), which did considerable damage to all classes of stock. Measures were taken to eliminate this pest from future crops. Germination and growth in Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine were good, but spruce was initially much slower in developing. It did improve later in the season so that seedlings of a fair size were produced. It was expected that in a light well-drained soil such as that at Red Rock, some nutrient deficiencies would develop. In August a chlorotic condition did develop in the transplanted stock, but a foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer appeared to correct this condition almost immediately. All planting stock was lifted from Aleza Lake Nursery, and with the removal of usable material and equipment, final closure was almost complete. 24 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES In the major Coast nurseries, a considerable increase in usable area was attained. At Koksilah, 3 acres of productive area were added by hauling topsoil and grading, and the 10 acres leased from the Koksilah Indian Band was levelled, cultivated, and fenced in preparation for seed-beds next spring. Hauling of topsoil and peat soil has likewise increased the Duncan Nursery area by 1 acre, and at Green Timbers a new area was cleared for an additional 100 seed-beds. In all, some 35 acres of new land were prepared for nursery production, but this was partly offset by eliminating certain fields where productive capacity has proven inferior. A record number of 5,989 seed-beds was sown this past season (fall, 1965, to spring, 1966) with a planned production of over 27,000,000 seedlings. Germination of the spring-sown Douglas-fir was fairly good, but, in some cases, spruce and hemlock were below expectations. Fall-sown beds in the Coast nurseries were generally poor, whereas, in the Interior, germination of fall-sown beds continues to be much better, especially with spruce. Fall, 1966, sowing of 1,023 beds in Interior nurseries was completed, but on the Coast sowing schedules were delayed because of inclement weather. In some cases, seed was not available until extraction from 1966 cone collections was finished. Planting stock shipped during the year amounted to a new record of 19,070,700 trees. It is to be noted that, of this total, 3,636,700 were transplanted trees. It is expected that the production of transplant stock will continue to increase, not only because of the increase in production of Interior species, but also because of the enlarged capacity of the co-operative transplant nurseries and the need to salvage as much stock as possible to meet current demands for planting. Weeding continues to be a major item in nursery production costs. In the past few years greater emphasis has been placed on weed control, the results of which should become apparent in the near future. Fumigation trials at the Duncan and Koksilah Nurseries, although undertaken primarily to investigate the effect of this treatment on diseases, have shown extra benefit in a small measure of weed control. Since diseases, and perhaps nematodes as well, have been responsible for appreciable seedling losses in the past, this type of pest control would be all the more desirable if the added benefit of weed control could help offset the cost. Trials in drill sowing were continued during 1966 at Duncan. In the Koksilah Nursery, some loss of planting stock was caused by Botrytis, a fungus which thrives in dense patches of vegetation where dead material and humid conditions are conducive to its development. It is thought that drill sowing, once perfected, may also serve to reduce these losses as well as permit further mechanization of nursery production. FOREST TREE SEED The largest collection of seed in the history of British Columbia forestry was made in 1966. The combined total of collections by industry and government approximates 50,000* bushels of cones. Of the 35,000 bushels collected under Forest Service supervision, the following distribution is noted: Vancouver Forest District, 74 per cent; Prince Rupert Forest District, 11 per cent; Kamloops Forest District, 12 per cent; Nelson Forest District, 3 per cent. In conjunction with the Kamloops and Vancouver Forest Districts' collections, inmate crews accounted for over 10,000 bushels. Collectable crops were not as general as in 1959, since late frosts, insects, and rusts severely decimated what earlier appeared to be a " bumper " crop. Nevertheless, the occurrence of a seed crop was * All figures subject to correction when extraction is complete. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 25 fortuitous in that seed inventories for the Vancouver and Prince Rupert Forest Districts were critically low. Because of these natural losses, considerable time was spent by field staff in locating collectable crops in which seed values were at a desirable level. In some areas where the quantity and quality of the seed were below standard, collections from the best available crops were made in order to have something to sow in the nurseries. In the Prince George Forest District, the entire crop of both spruce and Douglas-fir seed was lost to insects, frost, and disease. These agencies also caused crop failures in portions of two other forest districts where there is a high demand for planting stock. As a result, there are still important gaps in the seed inventory which must be filled at the first opportunity. Although extraction of the seed collected is not yet complete, it is expected that the yield will average about the same as that from the 1959 crop, although there will be more variation in yields between provenances. It is estimated that 12 tons of seed will be extracted from the Forest Service collections. Modifications to the extraction plant, commenced in the fall of 1965 and completed in 1966, increased its capacity to a maximum of 300 bushels per day. Because kiln time is dependent on the dryness of the cones before they enter the kiln, the total capacity of the plant is presently limited only by the facilities (space and time) for outside cone storage. Tests are now under way to determine what effect the period of outside storage has on seed viability. In the fall of 1966 a number of storage areas around Duncan were utilized as cones arrived almost daily from different parts of the Province. In anticipation of the work load associated with a good seed year, germination tests and records of seed on hand were brought up to date during the summer. Some 1,200 pounds of seed were removed from storage, tested, treated, and shipped to various nurseries for scheduled sowings. This left a balance of almost 8 tons of seed in storage, to which will be added the proceeds from the 1966 collections. The present storage building will then be filled to capacity. Based on the information at hand regarding special collections, yields from seed production areas in the Vancouver Forest District varied from nil to over 80 bushels of cones per acre. Interior seed production areas continue to produce a wide variety of results, but spruce plots have not yet proven their worth. Experimentation is continuing in the inducement of flower buds on spruce, and some encouragement was gained during the year. The application of calcium nitrate fertilizer at the time of vegetative bud break appears to bear some promise in this respect. Snow breakage continues to hamper progress at the Campbell River Seed Orchard, and the major effort during the years was in consolidating survivors, re- grafting, and planting gaps with fresh rootstock. To avoid further snow damage, all first- and second-year grafts were staked. At the Koksilah Nursery the proposed seed-orchard area was cleaned up and levelled, and rootstock was established in the clone-bank area. A total of 851 grafts was made both here and at Campbell River. In co-operation with Research Division, cones were collected from a considerable number of plus trees toward the establishment of the seedling orchard at Koksilah. It is anticipated that the orchard at Campbell River will eventually be transformed to a seedling orchard as well. RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEY WORK Owing to the abundant cone crop, the time ordinarily expended on regeneration surveys was devoted to locating areas in which filled seed existed in collectable quantities. Even so, considerable examination work on logged and (or) burned 26 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES areas was completed. Reforestation and Vancouver Forest District crews examined and assesed for planting purposes some 20,000 acres on the Mainland and a further 4,000 acres on Vancouver Island. These areas had been broadcast-burned in the late fall of 1965 and in 1966. Although these areas are not yet fully classified, it was noted that the 1966 burning was not as successful from the standpoint of plantability. An estimated 35,000 acres of slash-burned areas have yet to be examined in the Vancouver Forest District. In the Interior, a Forest Inventory crew carried out regeneration surveys and planting assessments within two forest districts. Of the 19,098 acres examined in the Prince Rupert Forest District, 7,682 acres (40 per cent) were found to be not satisfactorily restocked and plantable. However, the majority of this area is presently inaccessible. Although this district appears to have vast areas in old burns and cut-over, a large-scale planting programme is not feasible until access and (or) site preparation work is increased. In the Prince George Forest District, 17,733 acres of the "Straw" (1958) and "Grove" (1961) burns were examined. Of this total, 6,392 acres (36 per cent) are unlikely to restock and will require planting. These sites are reasonably accessible, and brush cover has not become heavy enough to preclude planting. This survey provides the district with enough acreage for three years of planting. Although much of the " Grove " burn has restocked naturally, it is thought that there are still some areas requiring survey work. The report of the 1964-65 surveys carried out in the East Kootenay by the Inventory Division was released in 1966. It indicates that natural restocking during the past 10 years has decreased the acreage of not satisfactorily restocked land in the yellow pine-Douglas-fir type by almost 30 per cent, with the decrease in some areas as high as 64 per cent. There has been an increase in the amount of bare ground in several isolated areas. The associated survey of 53,397 acres of burned- over spruce-balsam sites also found that only 9,660 acres (18 per cent) were not restocked. It is interesting to note that two of the 1960 burns (" Gold " and " Pud " fires) have been almost completely restocked by natural seeding. PLANTING In the spring, localized flooding throughout the Province reflected the rapid melting and run-off of the heavy winter snow pack. As a result, spring planting was able to start as scheduled, except for a few high-elevation and (or) remote project areas. The anticipated labour shortage which was expected to hamper project operations in some areas did not materialize, and planting was therefore completed with a minimum of delay. Cool, moist conditions continued during the summer, favouring the survival and initial growth of these plantings. The extension of favourable weather into late fall enabled Forest Service crews to complete a full autumn planting programme in all forest districts. Planting by all agencies during the year totalled a new record of 19,070,700 trees on 46,935 acres. Of this total, the Forest Service planted 6,109,400 trees (32 per cent) on 12,887 acres, which is the largest programme on Crown land since 1954. In the Interior, planting by all agencies also set a new record of almost 3,000,000 trees, with the Forest Service continuing to carry the major portion of this programme {see attached Summary of Planting). On Forest Service projects the number of trees planted per acre was considerably increased over that of 1965. Where this increase coincided with an increase in the number of trees planted per man-day, a noticeable reduction in planting cost per acre was achieved. However, the over-all result was that planting costs were slightly higher than in 1965. This increase in density together with a general im- REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 27 provement in planting quality and project operation resulted from discussions at the District Reforestation Officers' meeting held in March. In the early fall, a three-day planting school was held for crew foremen and supervisors from the Vancouver District. The increased interest and activity in slash disposal have contributed appreciably to the extent and success of the Interior planting programme, which might otherwise have been handicapped by the lack of readily plantable areas. The developement of nursery and cold-storage facilities at Rayleigh and the nursery at Red Rock has greatly improved the flexibility of planting operations and has partially eliminated the necessity of transporting seedlings over great distances at inconvenient times. Projects carried out by inmate crews substantially augmented the Forest Service programme especially in the Prince George Forest District. On the Coast, an increasing number of smaller projects are being carried out in isolated areas. Considerable difficulty in the matters of transportation, accommodation, and supply were nevertheless overcome, and the Ranger staff was able to complete the largest programme yet undertaken by the Vancouver Forest District. PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS Fortunately the improvements and alterations to the operational section of the seed plant at Duncan were completed in time for extraction to commence not long after the first shipment of cones arrived from the field. Subsequent remodelling of the old warehouse into a new seed laboratory and office enabled the staff of the seed centre to vacate the old offices, where further alterations to the plant facilities were begun. Improvement work in the older of the two existing cold-storage units, which was commenced in the fall of 1965, progressed slowly owing to the priority given the extraction plant, but was resumed actively late in the year. When completed the two adjoining units will be identical and inside handling of stock by fork-lift tractor will be possible. The water reservoir at Duncan was enlarged and a heavier pump installed as required by the need for full-scale irrigation to prevent frost damage. At the Koksilah fields, underground water mains were installed in the 10-acre field leased from the local Indian band. Five thousand feet of drain tile was placed in the fields at Snowdon Nursery, and the pondage area for the proposed dam was cleared. Alterations to the water-storage system for purposes of frost-damage control were also carried out at Green Timbers Nursery. Recent retiling of all fields has substantially improved drainage, so that a new culvert had to be installed under the main entrance from the Fraser Valley Highway. Minor modifications were made in the cold-storage building to facilitate the handling of planting stock. Cold-storage units at the Chilliwack and Rayleigh Nurseries were completed early in the year in preparation for increased production at these sites. At the Red Rock Nursery, where the main effort was in getting the land into production, the only improvement of note was the establishment of an 8-foot-high fence around the 53 acres of initial development. Of this, approximately 14 acres are now under cultivation and clearing and grubbing are under way on the next area to be placed under production. CO-OPERATION Extensive co-operation with other Government agencies and industry continued during 1966. A large amount of highway trucking in connection with the cone- collection programme and the transfer of nursery equipment and material was successfully carried out with the co-operation of both the Forest Inventory and 28 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Engineering Services Divisions. In the East Kootenay, Grazing and Reforestation Division's crews, in conjunction with the Nelson Forest District, continued improvement thinning in the Rampart demonstration area. During the winter 148 acres were treated, bringing the area now thinned to 1,063 acres. Reforestation Division snag-fallers felled an estimated 85,600 snags on 1,735 acres for the Vancouver Forest District and cleared another 133 acres in co-operation with industry. In the spring, tangible evidence of a cone crop stimulated a co-operative effort between the Reforestation Division and foresters of the major companies in locating and assessing collectable crops. A refresher course in crop assessment, collection, and handling of cones was held at Duncan for Government and company foresters and supervisors. Co-ordination of anticipated collections and frequent checking on seed development continued during the summer. The result of this integrated effort was that all agencies obtained a good supply of seed from most of the desired provenances at reasonable cost. Routine co-operation with industry in the matter of planting-stock production and distribution continued both on the Coast and in the Interior. Division foresters met with company foresters on the ground to examine past performance and discuss planting problems, and active participation in a wide variety of co-operative projects through Tree-farm Forestry Committees continues to be of mutual benefit. Close liaison with Research Division is a prerequisite to success in the plus-tree and seed-orchard programmes, and through the efforts of both Divisions considerable progress was made, especially with regard to the collection of seed from registered plus trees. Heavy demands were placed on the soils laboratory by the development of nursery lands. In this endeavour the co-operation of various Federal agencies in advice and research was most appreciated. Interdepartmental Forestry and Corrections Camp Programme This programme proceeded on a normal basis during 1966, with no major changes or expansion. In the Vancouver Forest District, heavy snows and smaller crews resulted in a number of scheduled projects being left uncompleted, but elsewhere work went on as planned. Owing to favourable weather during the fire season, there was little need for the trained suppression crews, and these men were utilized in the expansion of nursery facilities. This facet of the programme is steadily increasing and now represents a substantial part of the total effort. Training of security officers was continued. A special three-day fire-suppression course was given at the Forest Service Training-school, and nine officers from all districts attended. During the summer, instruction on the development of tree seed and cone collecting methods was given to 22 officers. These courses were followed by written tests, the results of which indicated a high degree of interest among the officers. Undoubtedly the highlight of the 1966 programme was the success of the cone harvest. Owing to the keen interest of the officers and the enthusiasm of the inmates, the quotas set for crews in the Vancouver Forest District were easily exceeded. Throughout the Province a total of 10,261 bushels of cones was collected under this co-operative programme. This represents approximately one-third of all collections made by Government agencies and is a significant contribution to the expanding reforestation programme. Work crews in the Chilliwack Valley, in co-operation with the Chilliwack Centennial Committee, constructed 3V2. miles of trail from Greendrop Lake to Lindeman Lake. Other trails were given routine maintenance. Work on the right-of-way slashing for the forest-development road to Chilliwack Lake was completed, and the REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 29 clearing along 3 miles of existing road was widened by 20 feet. Other slashing projects included two gravel-pit sites and routine maintenance along the development road. The Mount Thurston sawmill produced 160,000 f.b.m. of lumber from salvage material. Through an agreement with the Federal Department of Fisheries and the Provincial Fisheries Branch, a large log jam in the Chilliwack River is being broken up for salvage-log material and fuel-wood. Chilliwack River nurseries shipped a total of 972,300 trees during the year and 508 seed-beds were sown. Nursery activities are carried out over an eight-month period and constitute some 30 per cent of the Chilliwack Valley programme. To facilitate shipping of trees, a cold-storage unit was constructed at the Forest Service headquarters at Tamihi. Clearing commenced on the new nursery-site at Larsen's Bench, and 8 acres are expected to be in production next year. Inmate crews also planted 103,000 trees on 187 acres during the year. The collection of 3,870 bushels of cones was almost double the expected production, and the success of this project can be attributed to the interest and morale of both officers and men, and to the excellent weather conditions which prevailed. The clearing of brush from 78 acres in preparation for planting provided camp fuel, and established plantations were cleaned up as required. Inmate fire- suppression crews were controlled from the Pierce Creek Camp, which served as a fire headquarters. Owing to a relatively cool summer, no suppression activities were required. In the Sayward Forest, the Lakeview Camp was occupied by older inmates, and crews were allocated full time for forestry projects. Both the Lakeview and Snowdon Camps were organized for fire-suppression duties, and action was taken on six fires during the year. Development of Snowdon Nursery is now complete and 11 acres are available for seedling production. Inmate crews are presently clearing a pondage area toward the construction of an adequate dam to serve the nursery. During the year 697,000 seedlings were transplanted and 500,900 trees were shipped to planting projects. Pruning of the 1939 plantation near John Hart Lake continued, and cone collections by crews from Sayward camps totalled 2,929 bushels. Road crews slashed brush along some 20 miles of roads in the area, and during the period of heavy fall rains patrolled some 80 miles of roads, cleaning culverts and ditches. Lakeview crews assisted materially in the development of the Sayward Ranger Station site. At Haney Correctional Institution the basic programme for the young trainees is stand treatment and nursery work. A Forest Service officer has been appointed to oversee this programme, and construction of an office is being carried out by a crew from the Institute vocational training school. At the Haney Nursery, 584,000 seedlings were transplanted and a total of 302,800 trees was lifted and shipped for out-planting. Limited expansion of suitable area is under way. Cleaning and pruning of 85 acres in young stands were completed, and crews from the Pine Ridge and Gold Creek Camps collected 1,444 bushels of cones. As in other areas, morale and interest were high among officers and men. Fire-suppression crews in these camps were not called out, although training was continued. Progress of road projects was slow due to the lack of equipment. Salvage of driftwood from Alouette Lake provided the Haney sawmill with 135,000 f.b.m. of sawlogs, and several hundred cords of camp fuel-wood were cut from material unsuitable for the mill. A secondhand tugboat was obtained to replace the condemned pilchard boat which has been used to tow the booms of salvage wood to the loading-out area. Inmates from the Alouette River Unit have completed development of the 6-acre Alouette Nursery. During the spring 770,000 seedlings were lined out, of 30 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES which 215,000 were lifted and shipped in the fall. Preparation of another 8 acres of nursery area is nearing completion. In the Prince George Forest District a sawmill and a 24-man work camp were established at Hutda Lake with the co-operation of the Prince George Vocational School. Crews from this camp planted 29,900 trees and assisted in the preparation of a nearby area for slash-burning. Elsewhere, crews from the Prince George Gaol slashed and burned an area at the Red Rock Nursery for initial seed-beds and planted some 183,500 trees on two projects. These men were burning roadside slash on the Willow River Development Road at the time of report. Owing to the distances involved, the programme in the Kamloops Forest District is limited to operation of the Rayleigh Nursery and a rehabilitation project at Heffiey Lake. During the year, 825 seed-beds were establised in the nursery and 200,000 seedlings were transplanted. Trees shipped from this nursery over the past two years have been of good quality, and Rayleigh is now considered a permanent part of the nursery programme. Inmates assisted in the conversion of a munitions bunker to a tree-storage building capable of holding 1 million trees. The Rayleigh fire- suppression crew took action on three fires during the year. With the co-operation of Clearwater Timber Products, men from the Clearwater Camp collected 579 bushels of spruce cones. Directional signs and fence-posts are also produced by the two camps in this district. The performance of crews operating under this co-operative programme and the results being achieved reflect both the interest of all concerned and the effort put into the training of the supervising officers. It was expected that a work force of some 700 men would be available in 1967 for the wide variety of forest and park projects. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 31 PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION DIVISION The year 1966 clearly established a discernible trend in media use. Up to fairly recent times, the success of an organization such as the Public Information and Education Division could be measured in terms of column-inches published by the press. This simple gauge no longer exists. While the press continues to be of permanent importance, today's more sophisticated public must be reached by a variety of other media as well. Of rising importance, particularly in the field of forest education, has been the use of exhibits. Special projects are also being used to maintain and inform. A steadily increasing interest in Forest Service publications was recorded. Letters requesting information and assistance also increased. Publications consume a considerable portion of the Division's funds. During the year a large number of the older Forest Service pamphlets and reports for general public distribution were revised. Several new scientific and technical publications also were produced during the year. An interesting project was the production of a Forest Service training- school brochure. Being British Columbia's Centennial Year, 1966 provided the Division with unusual projects. To help commemorate the centenary, the Forest Service, in co-operation with the Department of Education, arranged to plant one 2-year-old tree seedling in each public school in the Province. A total of 2,000 seedlings was distributed. In addition the Division had printed 500,000 copies of a special Centennial booklet, a copy of which was issued to each student at the planting ceremonies. Divisional personnel participated in two special tours which were the direct result of Centennial celebrations in the Province. The annual meeting of Deputy Ministers and Chief Foresters was held in British Columbia from September 12th to 16th. This distinguished group was conducted on a special five-day tour of Vancouver Island. Representatives of the Division assisted in hosting the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, when more than 275 delegates from around the world visited this Province on a nation-wide tour. In co-operation with the Federal Department of Forestry and the Protection Division, this Division initiated a comprehensive information campaign to acquaint the general public with the threat of the balsam woolly aphid and the ban on the transport of all balsam-trees. Paid advertising was restricted to four appropriate display advertisements, which were prepared and placed in 13 daily newspapers and 45 weekly newspapers. NEWS RELEASES AND SPECIAL ARTICLES News releases during the year covered a broad range of Forest Service activity, including Management, Inventory, Research, Reforestation, Engineering, and Forest Protection. News media and trade magazine interest in pulp and paper industrial expansion remained high during the year, and a considerable number of progress stories were written on the subject. Particularly broad coverage was given to developments in British Columbia in a special supplement of the Financial Post examining the economic state of the industry in Canada. Special Centennial editions of trade magazines and other publications created a strong demand for general articles tracing the history of forestry in the Province up to the present. 32 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES The decline in the lumber market was followed by requests for articles on the general condition of the forest industry, while other requests were of a routine nature, such as those for reviews of the close-utilization policy. A considerable amount of time was spent in research for and writing of speeches on Forest Service planning, policy, and administration. RADIO AND TELEVISION The current trend toward the public service approach by radio and television outlets has resulted in more than normal demands being made upon Government agencies providing information in the resource field. During the past year, Forest Service representatives were called upon to provide information and services to 31 radio stations and six television stations. Our limited paid advertising campaign and the co-operation in the production of major feature programmes were handled by the Victoria office. District field personnel, however, were repeatedly called upon to assist most stations in providing coverage in local areas. With the assistance of a former Technical Forest Officer from the Vancouver District, a " Keep B.C. Green " jingle was prepared and recorded on tape and distributed to each radio station in the Province. The tape contained four 1-minute announcements, each of which was broadcast on a regular schedule. More than 3,000 announcements were aired. In addition, numerous special 15-second hazard flashes were made available and broadcast when required. Paid television advertising was restricted again to a series of 20-second flashes being televised over the C.B.C. Provincial network. A set of six slides carrying a forest-protection message was provided to each television outlet in the Province. PHOTOGRAPHY In 1966 another record number of prints were made, 14,299—2,000 more than 1965's all-time record. The number of large-format negatives taken by the staff increased, as also did the ratio of colour to black-and-white. Added to the photograph library were 456 black-and-white and 194 colour negatives. There was increased use of proof prints supplied to divisions and districts. A record number of duplicates was supplied and special slides taken, a total of 705 colour slides being made. The Division continues to supply illustrative material to the Province's news media and receive similar requests from many other sources throughout the western hemisphere. Special assignments included co-operation with the State of Alaska, when photo coverage was given while a large cedar was cut on Vancouver Island, transported to tidewater, and finally taken in tow to Sitka for carving into a Centennial war canoe. A series of photographs was taken for Province-wide distribution illustrating the effects of the balsam woolly aphid. Colour photo panels were made up for wall display in several offices; exhibit photographs, both black-and-white and colour, were made for several divisional displays and exhibits. An increased number of stereo-positives from 70-mm. fixed-base air photos were made for the Inventory Division, and a decrease in the number of X-rays processed was noted for the Research Division. Engineering Services Division continues to take a large number of report photographs. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 33 Motion-picture Production Over 6,000 feet of 16-mm. colour film was used during the year, requiring 10,000 miles of road travel and over 40 hours of air time. The major amount of film was shot to complete the Division's film on forest road access, now mainly completed and to be sounded early in 1967. Work was started on a new film dealing with aircraft use by the Forest Service in fire prevention; this film is scheduled for completion in 1967. In addition to " Man on the Mountain Top," an official Canadian entry in the Madrid Festival of Forestry Films, two other Forest Service films were specially requested by the Canadian delegates to the World Forestry Conference for their use while in Madrid. Film Library One hundred thousand six hundred and twenty-eight children viewed films from this library, a 20-per-cent increase over last year. As a result of more service clubs, industrial associations, and higher educational institutions making use of the library, the adult audience has also increased. Major demands on the film library were made by the elementary and secondary schools to supplement their expanded courses, which are detailing more aspects of forestry and conservation. Out-of-Province requests for Forest Service produced films increased, especially from other Provincial forestry agencies and schools. The Forest Service productions on loan to the British Columbia Houses in London and San Francisco have maintained their popularity. Difficulty was again experienced in trying to find suitable forestry subjects for the library. Of the 29 previewed during the past year, only four were found to be suitable. See Table No. 31 in the Appendix. SCHOOL LECTURE PROGRAMME The school lecture programme for 1966 saw a marked increase in the number of schools visited and lectures given. Altogether 118 schools were visited in the Vancouver, Kamloops, Nelson, and Prince Rupert Forest Districts. In addition to the schools visited, more than 50 lectures were presented to other organizations. See Table No. 32 in the Appendix. SIGNS The highway sign-painting programme, utilizing the " Keep B.C. Green—Use Your Ashtray " theme, was carried out for the 13th consecutive year. In a successful effort to further promote public interest in the programme, a number of colour and layout innovations were tried. Thirty new signs were painted and 100 established signs repainted, for a total of 130. The maintenance and supervision of the Forest Service sign programme was continued. LIBRARY The Forest Service library continues to grow, both in terms of material acquisitions and in use and service to the public. An interesting facet has been a noticeable increase in requests from outside library source and from industry through the interlibrary plan. 34 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES The librarian visited the district library at Prince George and found the material in good order. A talk on the function and use that should be made of the library was delivered by the librarian to the 1966 advance class at the Forest Service training-school. Interlibrary loans, researched and completed by the staff, rose to 218, which entailed borrowing from many libraries both in Canada and the United States. See Table No. 33 in the Appendix. EXHIBITS Centennial celebrations created a heavy demand on this Division's facilities for participating in exhibitions and conventions. As a result, our entries were limited to 12 major events deemed most beneficial to the Service's over-all information programme. The Division was active in the special Centennial Forestry Festival sponsored by the Pacific National Exhibition. A Forest Service exhibit consisting of a series of panels depicting various phases of forestry was entered. In addition, a temporary 50-foot lookout tower was erected. It was estimated that more than half a million individuals visited the Forestry Festival complex. The Service's permanent display in the British Columbia Building, Vancouver, was maintained. One new exhibit was constructed, and this, together with other portable displays, was entered in four teachers' conventions, six major exhibitions, and numerous miscellaneous gatherings. In addition, a great deal of material in the way of photographs and publications was supplied to organizations sponsoring exhibitions in which the Forest Service was unable to take part. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 35 FOREST MANAGEMENT DIVISION The year opened on an optimistic note and market prices rose during the first few months. However, in anticipation of a strike that never materialized, production and stockpiling of logs increased. This was accompanied by a softening in the market for lumber due to tight money throughout North America and a resultant drop in new housing starts. While the industry experienced rough waters for a while, it managed to weather the storm, and the year finally closed on an optimistic note. In spite of the setback in the market during the year, over-all production once again set a new record. While 1965 was considered to have been a good year with regard to market and weather, and production rose 1.2 per cent over the previous year, the 1966 cut rose 4.5 per cent over the 1965 figure. All forest districts, except Kamloops Forest District, recorded an increase, with a total scale for all products from all lands of 1,602,437,448 cubic feet. On the Coast the increase in production was evenly spread over all species. In the Interior, however, the 18,000,000-cubic-foot increase was divided entirely between lodgepole pine and balsam. The former showed a 10-per-cent increase, while the later recorded a 33-per-cent jump. The increase in pine and balsam production is attributed to the rising demands of existing and new pulp-mills in the Interior. MARKET PRICES AND STUMPAGE TRENDS Lumber Prices The selling prices for dressed lumber reported to the Forest Service by the mills in the Interior were generally higher than those reported in 1965. Prices started to rise early in the new year, peaked off in June, then declined slightly, reacting to the softening in the demand for lumber that resulted from a drop in housing starts on the North American market brought on by tight money. Notwithstanding the poor market, however, selling prices were still relatively high and holding in the last quarter. The outlook at year-end was for a strengthening in demand during 1967 that would maintain the present level of prices. 1966 Uncorrected Quarterly Average Dressed-lumber Prices (Interior) Jan.-Mar. Apr.-June July-Sept. Oct.-Dec. Species Basis MB.M. Average Price Basis MB.M. Average Price Basis MB.M. Average Price Basis MB.M. Average Price 137,525 279,412 19,176 1,698 3,365 $66.11 62.95 61.42 100.02 63.12 137,552 346,600 18,410 5,809 5,364 $71.94 69.27 64.87 106.48 71.49 143,489 291,155 15,652 5,520 7,134 $67.09 63.15 66.70 105.44 64.42 112,609 270,738 15,887 4,092 3,788 $61.78 59.61 57.87 Spruce - - 98.23 Yellow pine 59.91 Log Prices Although there had been indications toward the end of 1965 that the market demand for logs was falling off, the selling prices in that market did hold until midyear. However, as already reported, the stockpiling of logs in anticipation of a 36 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES strike that did not occur, coupled with the softening in the demand for lumber, resulted in a significant drop in the prices paid for all species except fir. The severe cut-back in production resulting from the depressed market should serve to bring the market back into balance. Although prices were relatively depressed at year-end, the outlook for 1967 was for much improved conditions. 7966 Quarterly Average Log Prices per M B.M. (Howe Sound Market) no. : GRADE Species Jan.-Mar. Apr.-June July-Sept. Oct.-Dec. Fir $67.04 47.74 56.52 48.70 53.58 45.15 $67.51 47.01 56.52 44.06 53.15 43.57 $67.14 45.54 56.84 41.30 53.68 43.34 $63.61 39.86 50.44 44.66 Spruce 50.26 42.62 ALL GRADES Fir Cedar Hemlock.. Balsam Spruce White pine . $82.79 52.22 58.31 57.74 62.33 50.15 $81.41 52.88 58.46 56.66 65.09 49.35 $82.12 50.33 58.50 56.20 63.86 48.91 $79.55 46.65 51.98 50.90 59.78 48.35 Stumpage Prices The average stumpage bid for Crown timber, including those sales which were sold at "salvage value only " rates, was $4.25 per 100 cubic feet. The comparative average figures for the years 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, and 1965 were $2.53, $3.01, $3.36, $4.09, and $4.20 respectively. For sales in the Interior the weighted average stumpage price per 100 cubic feet was $3.72, up slightly from $3.49 in 1965, with the increase largely the result of the high fir stumpage prices that developed in the first six months of the year. The weighted average stumpage price per 100 cubic feet on the Coast fell to $6.76 from $8.24 in 1965. This reduction must be attributed largely to the drop in cedar stumpage rates that resulted from the decline in the value of cedar logs on the market. The average stumpage price for cedar in the Vancouver Forest District fell from $6.61 to $3.76 per 100 cubic feet, and for the Prince Rupert Forest District (Coast) from $7.41 to $2.42 per 100 cubic feet. It is also significant that, effective January 1, 1966, the selling prices used for stumpage appraisal of species into Prince Rupert, Ocean Falls, Tahsis, and Port Alice were at the applicable Howe Sound log-market price less $9 per thousand board-feet, $9.60 per thousand board-feet, $9 per thousand board-feet, and $12 per thousand board-feet respectively. Previously it had been policy to apply the Howe Sound price directly into those centres. The introduction of these market differentials for appraisals during 1966 was one of the factors contributing to the drop in the average stumpage prices bid for the Coast. The average stumpage price for all species, excluding salvage value only, was $6.76 for the Coast, down from $8.25 in 1965, and $4.21 for the Interior, up from $3.81 in 1965. See Table No. 67 in the Appendix. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 37 Stumpage Adjustments The stumpage rates payable for each species on a timber sale or cutting permit have been subject to adjustment under a sliding-scale formula each time that the average price of logs or lumber changes by at least 15 per cent from the selling price on which the last effective rates were based. There were 4,202 such adjustments during 1966, of which 1,942 were on the Coast and 2,260 in the Interior. As a result of the general decline in market prices and the introduction of market-price differentials, all but one of the adjustments on the Coast served to reduce the stumpage rate payable. However, primarily as a result of the selling-price surge in the spring, of the 2,260 adjustments made in the Interior, 2,165 served to increase the rates payable. As a part of the stumpage pricing procedure for close-utilization sales where the upset stumpage rate is developed by prorating an appraised rate for the sawlog component with an arbitrary 55 cents per hundred cubic feet rate for the close- utilization component, there was provision for stumpage adjustment whenever the selling price changed by at least $5 from the selling price on which the last effective rates were based. Effective from October, this new method of adjustment, which is more sensitive to changes in the market than the sliding scale and provides for a reassessment of operating costs every two years, is offered on all sawlog timber sales as an alternative to the sliding scale. On November 1st the new system was offered to licensees of existing timber sales to give them the opportunity of taking advantage of the more sensitive adjustment system at a time when selling prices were falling and costs increasing. There were 39 downward adjustments as a result of the operation of the new procedure. The stockpiling of logs, followed by a softening of the lumber market, had a noticeable effect on the volume of logs exported from the Province. While the volume from exportable lands remained constant, the total scale jumped from 58,608,824 board-feet in 1965 to 142,006,411 board-feet in 1966. PEACE RIVER FLOOD BASIN As reported previously, all merchantable timber in the flood basin, with the exception of that in the most northerly and most inaccessible portion, has been sold under timber-sale contract. Logging operations progressed during the year, and the total volume scaled for 1966 was 14,890,000 cubic feet. COLUMBIA FLOOD BASIN Logging operations in the Mica Dam flood area experienced a very good year with a total scale of 22,399,000 cubic feet. This was IV2 times the entire cut from this area to the end of 1965. The total cut at the end of 1966 was 38,341,160 cubic feet. > The total scale from the Duncan Dam flood area was 2,393,180 cubic feet by December 31, 1966. Because construction of the dam is roughly a year ahead of schedule and access to the flood area is difficult, it is doubtful whether much more timber can be removed. In the High Arrow flood basin the total scale to December 31, 1966, was 1,097,482 cubic feet. In this flood basin, complete clearing operations now are being carried out under contracts let by British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority, and in some areas this has necessitated the cancellation of timber-sale contracts. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 39 BARK BEETLES The spruce and Douglas-fir bark beetle infestations that were posing threats to the sustained-yield programmes in the Prince George spruce types and the Dry Belt fir stands have abated, and populations are considered to be normal again. CLOSE UTILIZATION On January 1, 1966, the new close-utilization policy, which was designed to gradually achieve more complete utilization of the forest resource, came into effect. Timber Sales By the end of 1966 eight licensees in the Kamloops Forest District held a total of 56 close-utilization timber sales with nine additional areas under application. In the Prince George Forest District 13 licensees held a total of 27 close-utilization timber sales with 64 additional areas under application. In the Vancouver Forest District there was one close utilization timber sale at year's end with four additional areas under application. In the Nelson and Prince Rupert Forest Districts there were no close-utilization timber sales awarded, but a number of applications are on hand in both districts. Tree-farm Licences During the year the annual allowable cuts for six tree-farm licences were revised on a close-utilization basis. Of the six, two are in the Kamloops Forest District, one in the Prince George District, and the other three in the Vancouver Forest District. In addition, four other tree-farm licences located in the Prince Rupert and Vancouver Forest Districts took out close-utilization permits either for experimental studies or to gain experience in logging to close-utilization standards. General During the year, arrangements were made for co-operative close-utilization logging studies with three companies—two on the Coast and one in the Interior. The logging on two of these areas, one each for Coast and Interior, had been completed before the end of the year but not the analyses. The stockpiling of logs followed by a softening of the market, as mentioned earlier on this report, undoubtedly affected the expansion of close-utilization operations. However, with improved market prospects for the new year it was expected that the conversion to a close-utilization basis would pick up. The slow-up in close- utilization operations is reflected in the increase in the number of barkers and drippers installed by sawmills. In 1965 there were 161 chippers and 144 barkers, an increase of 64 and 62 respectively from 1964. During 1966, only 22 chippers and nine barkers were added. SUSTAINED-YIELD PROGRAMME Public Sustained-yield Units The only major boundary change during 1966 occurred in the Prince George District, where Block 1 of the Bowron unit was incorporated into the Purden, reducing the Bowron unit to the area formerly occupied by Block 2. One additional area was brought into the sustained-yield programme. This was the Vancouver Public Sustained-yield Unit covering the previously unregulated area in the Lower Fraser Valley and extending west to Howe Sound, and including 40 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES the Chehalis, Stave, and Pitt Lakes area. The unit has an area of 516,980 acres with an annual commitment of 8,425,000 cubic feet. As a result of this addition, there are presently 76 public sustained-yield units in the Province. Pulp Harvesting Forests Fourteen additional public sustained-yield units were gazetted as pulp harvesting forests, bringing the total of 21 at the end of the year. Tree-farm Licences The contract for Tree-farm Licence No. 41 was signed on December 15, 1966, granting to Eurocan Pulp and Paper Company Limited the privilege of managing on a sustained-yield basis 473,077 acres of Crown productive acreage for a period of 21 years. The amalgamation of Tree-farm Licences Nos. 30, 31, and 34 was completed on August 8, 1966. Negotiations are now under way to amalgamate Tree-farm Licences Nos. 28, 29, and 30. The extension to Tree-farm Licence No. 19 was completed on February 14, 1966. The amalgamation of Tree-farm Licences Nos. 4 and 36 was completed on December 30, 1966. The advent of close utilization has necessitated changes in allowable cuts. Six tree-farm licences now are being managed to close-utilization standards. SILVICULTURE The silviculture programme again played an important role in natural regeneration of our forests. Stand treatment was practised by all forest districts. Stands were generally treated to attain natural regeneration. The cutting methods most frequently employed were strips, groups, patches, or single seed trees. All Interior forest districts were active in developing scarification programmes. In the Prince George Forest District 19,515 acres were scarified, bringing the total acreage scarified to 69,508 acres. Unfortunately, increased machine hire rates raised the average cost to $13.16 per acre. Although scarification normally is carried out to facilitate natural regeneration, it also is being used now to prepare brushed-in high-site lands for planting. The results of foliar applications of Polyamidostreptin to control white pine blister rust have failed to maintain their early promise, and the programme has been discontinued. The Forest Management Note series was reprinted, and a further note published, " The Results of Stand Treatment Following Seed-tree Marking in Dry Belt Fir Types." SCALING Coast Scaling of Coast timber continued under the direction of the Superintendent of Scaling at Vancouver. Fifty-nine new scaling licences were issued. During the year the scale computing and billing procedures were taken to the I.B.M. 1440 processing unit established in the Vancouver office. Weight scaling for scale returns to the Department continued at one operation. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 41 Interior Scaling of Interior timber continued for the most part in accordance with normal licensed-sealer procedures, but with a marked increase in the initiation of weight- scaling stations. At the end of the year the extent of weight-scaling operations in each forest district was as follows:— Number of Weight-scaling Per Cent of Forest District Stations District Scale Prince Rupert (Interior) 2 (x) Prince George 17 26 Kamloops __ 14 18 Nelson 4 25 1 Not compiled. One hundred and two new scaling licences were issued. 42 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES GRAZING DIVISION GENERAL CONDITIONS The ranching industry enjoyed a reasonably successful year in 1966. Both range forage and hay production were generally good. Except in the Peace River area, the winter of 1965/66 was not severe and feed supplies were generally adequate. On the average, stock came through the winter in good condition and did well during the subsequent grazing season. The price of cattle rose appreciably during the year. However, the industry continues to suffer economic difficulties. Wages, machinery, and material costs continue to rise. Many ranches are over-capitalized or are too small to form economic units. Ranching has also penetrated into many areas where physical conditions such as low-quality soil, adverse climate, and lack of range make financial success an impossibility. Although the number of cattle on Crown range was again higher, the rate of increase was considerably less than during the previous five years. With ranges becoming full, this situation was inevitable. Range-sheep production again dropped drastically, and use of Crown range by sheep is now insignificant. Range A lack of moisture and low temperatures greatly delayed and reduced spring forage growth throughout the range area. In the most southerly portions, subsequent rains were not sufficient to permit full recovery on low-elevation grassland ranges and forage production was less than normal. As is to be expected, this was particularly the case on ranges in poor condition. Summer rainfall was progressively greater in a northerly direction, and spring ranges in these areas made satisfactory growth later in the season. In the south, forested summer ranges at higher elevations were ready for use at about the normal time, but growth on this type of range was tardy in the north. However, throughout the range area summer range production was finally at or above normal with but few exceptions. One such exception was the newly developed pastures in the Peace River area. Here, weeks of cold, wind, and drought severely impeded establishment and production on the newly seeded areas. Drastic reductions had to be made in the planned utilization of these pastures. Later recovery was encouraging, but another season will be required to determine whether they suffered permanent damage. Extremely mild conditions persisted until late in the fall and, on the whole, stock came off the range in excellent condition. Any exceptions appeared to be the result of poor management or depleted range. As a result of the open fall, stock were difficult to remove from the range, and in some remote areas strays were still missing at the end of November. On the average, losses due to poisonous weeds and predatory animals on Crown range appeared to be less than normal. Railroad and highway accidents involving live stock continue to cause concern. The progressive fencing programme being carried out by grazing permittees with Department of Highways assistance is definitely improving the situation in many areas, but a great deal more fencing is required. Forest Service officers participated in discussions between the Department of Highways and range users regarding this problem. No disease problems necessitating radical changes in range-use patterns occurred. However, experience with REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 43 infectious pinkeye on a pasture development project in the Peace River area clearly indicated that particular diligence is required on improved pastures where grazing is more concentrated. Hay Hay quality suffered to some extent due to summer rains, particularly in the north. However, quantity appeared to be above average, which, together with the late onset of cold weather, resulted in adequate feed supplies for the winter of 1966/67. Markets and Prices Cattle prices gained appreciably during the year, reaching the highest level since 1962. The weighted average price received by cattlemen through the British Columbia Livestock Producers' Co-operative Association was $20.74 per hundredweight, compared to $17.30 in 1965, a rise of $3.44. This favourable situation appeared to be the result of strengthening Canadian demand rather than the export of beef to the United States, such as has been the case in the past. Prices for sheep and lambs were also up slightly over 1965 levels. RANGE MANAGEMENT The Crown ranges are difficult to manage due to relatively low per acre productivity, rough topography, density of timber, competing land uses, and other factors. Further, some ranges are in a depleted condition as a result of abuse in the past when the limitations of natural range were not fully appreciated. A great deal of skill and effort is required to obtain maximum live-stock production without damage to the resource and with due regard to associated land uses. Considerable progress has been made in eliminating destructive grazing practices, but much more remains to be done even in this purely protective aspect of management. What is needed in addition is the application of more refined techniques which will result in the most efficient use and development of the resource. It is encouraging to report that leaders in the industry are becoming aware of this, and discussions on the subject were held with a committee of the British Columbia Beef Cattle Growers' Association during the year. It is obvious, however, that an intensive educational programme is required to convince a large majority of range users of the need for improved management and to teach them the necessary techniques. Range inspections were stepped up during the year, and permittees were encouraged to accompany the inspecting officers wherever possible. The resulting on-the-ground consultations were a major factor in developing range-management consciousness. However, the amount of this work required is beyond the capacity of existing staff, and a large percentage of permittees are either unwilling or unable to participate. On the basis of range-readiness studies, turnout dates were adjusted on several ranges. Plans were made for and permittees warned of a two-week delay in turnout date in the southerly portion of the East Kootenay Valley to be enforced in 1967. This long overdue step is now considered feasible as a result of improved winter feed production. Restrictions in stock numbers could not fully compensate for the premature grazing and, in any event, constitute very inefficient range use. The press of administrative and enforcement duties again prevented a detailed range survey programme. A new approach to building and maintaining a range inventory was studied and is to commence on a trial basis in 1967. 44 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Range Improvements During 1966, $80,953.10 was spent from the Range Improvement Fund. Material to the value of $10,351.34 was on hand at the beginning of the year, and material valued at $17,268.87 remained on hand and not assigned to projects at the end of the year. Net assistance to the range-improvement programme from the Fund was thus $74,035.57, slightly less than the previous year. The abnormally large inventory of materials at the end of the year was due to the stockpiling of a supply of steel rails for future cattle-guard construction and the non-completion of a number of projects for which materials had been purchased. The following projects, chargeable wholly or in part to the Fund, were constructed or extensively rehabilitated: 22 cattle-guards, 43 drift fences, 1 holding- ground, 1 meadow improvement, 1 mud-hole fence, 3 pasture developments, 35 stock trails, 21 water developments, 1 weed control, 1 yellow pine thinning, and numerous range seedings. Permittees also contributed extensively to most of the projects listed above, mainly in the form of labour. In addition, the following projects were authorized for construction entirely at permittee expense: 3 breeding-pastures, 6 cattle-guards, 2 corrals, 43 drift fences, 1 holding-ground, 3 horse pastures, 8 stock trails, and 2 water developments. This represents a slight increase over the previous year. The range-seeding programme was slightly increased in 1966, a total of 52,080 pounds of grass and legume seed being used, compared to 49,655 pounds in 1965. As usual, the bulk of this seed was sown on ground denuded by logging and other industrial activity on Crown range. Most of the actual seeding was undertaken by co-operating permittees, with seed, equipment, and supervision being supplied by the Forest Service. The seeding of depleted grassland using the range- land drill was continued, with efforts being concentrated in the East Kootenay Valley. A total of 1,925 acres was drilled, an appreciable increase over the 1,166 acres treated in 1965. Establishment of dry range seedings is extremely slow, and it is still too early to assess the results of either the 1965 or 1966 work. However, numerous seedings show sufficient promise to warrant a continuation of this programme. Observations were made during the year to determine the results of previous field trials of special practices such as brush spraying, thinning overstocked forest stands, and fertilization. Several additional fertilizer and spraying trials were set out. These practices are costly and techniques need to be considerably refined before they can be applied generally. Trial fencing was installed in an area of heavy winter snowfall to test the effectiveness of various designs under these conditions. In a study directed toward reducing fencing costs, a so-called " suspension " fence was completed during the year. This fence is comprised of four strands of barbed wire attached to posts at intervals of up to 100 feet, with twisted wire stays installed at 10-foot intervals. Costs are definitely lower, and initial observations indicate that this type of construction should be effective in level terrain where icing conditions are not a problem. Although the present steel-rail cattle-guard deck design is proving very effective, used rails of suitable weight are becoming progressively more expensive and difficult to obtain. As a possible substitute, a commercially fabricated deck was imported from the United States and installed early in the grazing season. Initial observations are encouraging. Peace River Pastures Six developed pastures were in operation during 1966. Three of these contain a total of 4,800 acres of improved pasture resulting from past clearing, breaking, and seeding. Light use was made of a seventh area reserved for pasture purposes REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 45 but not yet developed. As mentioned earlier, severe drought seriously delayed the establishment and development of the improved pasture in the Cecil Lake and Beatton-Doig units, and stock had to be held off the newly seeded areas. This created a management problem and, owing to the limited natural forage available, greatly reduced the number of stock which could be accepted. The 600 acres of already established improved pasture in the Groundbirch unit did not suffer from drought, produced heavily, and were fully utilized. Experience has shown that improved pasture requires considerably different management techniques than native range. For this reason, together with the critical condition of the newly seeded areas and large investment involved, a pasture manager was employed for the duration of the grazing season on each of Cecil Lake and Beatton-Doig units. These men carried out routine maintenance of pasture facilities and managed the stock while in the pastures. By a prior agreement, the permittees paid an assessment of 50 cents per head per month, in addition to grazing fees, for the herding services supplied by the Forest Service. This arrangement appeared to be satisfactory to both the permittees and the Forest Service and will be continued on the highly developed units. Brush regeneration on the developed pastures is causing some concern. This problem requires further study to find effective and economic techniques for its control. Hunting within the intensively used pasture units has caused difficulties. To overcome this, " no hunting " regulations were applied within four pastures during the period when grazing and hunting would conflict. In general, the restriction of the hunting period to the post-grazing season met with the approval of the informed sportsmen, and co-operation between the stockmen and hunters was exceptionally good. During the year, routine maintenance was carried out on 68 miles of fence, 38 miles of trail, and 3 corrals. New construction included 12 miles of fence, 22 miles of trail, 3 corrals, and 2 stock-watering dugouts. A total of $13,367.31 was spent on this work. In 1966, 78 permittees grazed 2,091 cattle and 39 horses within pasture projects, compared to 59 permittees, 1,919 cattle, and 28 horses the previous year. The prospect of a much larger increase did not materialize due to a late winter and spring sell-off occasioned by depletion of winter feet supplies on many farms and the ensuing drought. However, this is a very temporary situation, and it is anticipated that a rapid increase in demand will occur in the immediate future. This will be accentuated by the fact that, as a result of land alienation, the pasture projects are rapidly becoming the only sizeable areas of Crown land remaining for grazing purposes. CO-OPERATION Range live-stock associations continue to be the most valuable medium in maintaining the necessary liaison between the Forest Service and range users. One new association was approved during the year under the Grazing Act and regulations. Preliminary discussions were held with several other groups, and it is anticipated requests for approval will follow. The boundaries of several existing association areas were also amended. In all, Forest Officers attended 176 association meetings during the year. Wherever practical, illustrated talks on range management were presented at these meetings. Several matters of industry-wide importance were discussed with the British Columbia Beef Cattle Growers' Association. The Forest Service is again indebted to the British Columbia Livestock Producers' Co-operative Association for supplying the live-stock price figures necessary for the sliding scale of grazing fees. The 46 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Canada Research Stations at Kamloops and Beaverlodge continued to provide information helpful in dealing with problems related to natural range and pasture projects. As usual, grazing officers participated in a variety of events and meetings associated with the ranching industry. A considerable number of co-operative field inspections were made and discussions held with several other Government agencies, notably the Fish and Wildlife Branch, in an effort to resolve conflicts arising from multiple land use. ADMINISTRATION The administration of Crown range continues to become more complex. Fully stocked ranges, which are now the rule, require intensive management and supervision to ensure that the resource is not damaged. Strong competition for range use necessitates refinement of allocation practices. The increasing pressure of associated land uses demands closer attention to ensure a minimum of conflict with such other uses. Unplanned land settlement, increased highway traffic, and other similar factors further complicate range administration. To meet this situation, it has become necessary for the Ranger staff to handle progressively more of the field work. To enable this staff to operate most effectively, a field training programme was emphasized during the year. An expanded course in range management and administration was also given the current advanced class at the Forest Service training-school. Numerous discussions were held with Lands Branch personnel with a view to minimizing the impact of land alienation. Several particularly important range areas were delineated wherein special attention will be given to this problem. Grazing Permits During 1966, 2,244 grazing permits were issued authorizing the depasturing of 189,286 cattle, 6,572 horses, and 8,970 sheep on Crown ranges. The number of permits issued and cattle covered is up slightly over 1965. The number of horses represents a slight decrease, and the number of sheep a sharp reduction from the previous year. See Table No. 81 in the Appendix. Hay Permits The harvesting of hay from natural meadows on Crown range continues to decline. This is to be expected as the larger and more productive meadows come under private control for development, more cultivated hay is produced, and the remaining meadows are needed for summer grazing. In 1966 a total of 137 hay- cutting permits was issued authorizing the harvesting of 1,427 tons of hay. The year marked the end of an era on the Creston Flats where, for the first time since the commencement of range administration, no hay was cut on Crown range. Here, hay-cutting had dwindled from a high of approximately 2,500 tons annually for the above-noted reasons. Grazing Fees Except for developed pastures in the Peace River area, grazing fees per head per month were 17 cents for cattle, 21J/4 cents for horses, and 5V2 cents for sheep. These fees represent a rise of 1 cent for cattle, 1 Va cents for horses, and one-quarter cent for sheep over those charged in 1965. As fees are related to prices received by producers the previous year, the above changes reflect the slight improvement in market conditions in 1965. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 47 For some years a higher scale of fees has been in effect for the fenced and reserved pastures in the Peace River area. With the coming into production of high- quality cultivated pasture in some of these units in 1966, a new fee for this type of forage was instituted. In 1966 the fee per head per month for natural forage was 50 cents for cattle, 62Vi cents for horses, and 12Vi cents for sheep. On cultivated pasture the fee per head per month was $1 for cattle, $1.25 for horses, and 25 cents for sheep. These special fees are not on a sliding scale. Control and Enforcement In the interest of the live-stock industry itself as well as the associated resources, it is essential that authorized seasons of use, numbers of stock, and other necessary conditions of use be rigidly enforced. The extensive nature of the Crown range together with an intermingled complex land-ownership pattern make this extremely difficult. More intensive regulation is required than is practical with existing staff. To meet this situation as far as possible, numerous stock counts and range inspections were carried out during the year. Considerably more than the average number of stock grazing in trespass were removed from the range. 48 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION ENGINEERING SECTION Development engineering, route reconnaissance, road location, and field investigations connected with Part III of the Forest Act, timber-sale administration, and district projects continued to form an increasing work load. This increase, both in volume and complexity of work, necessitated assigning an additional senior field engineer to each forest district during the field season. Construction of forest-development roads under the Federal-Provincial Agreement continued during the year. In addition, road maintenance, completion of the special access road from Upper Campbell Lake to the Gold River townsite, and continuing site preparation of navigation channels and approaches to the perimeter of the future lake in the area to be flooded by the Portage Mountain Dam formed a significant part of the field operations. Development Engineering and Location Development engineering studies were concentrated in the Prince Rupert, Kamloops, and Nelson Forest Districts. The drainages or areas covered and the corresponding regulation units are listed in Table No. 91 in the Appendix. Other specialized studies included assistance to district staffs on engineering aspects of timber-sale administration and on the problems of joint use of beach areas along Owikeno Lake required both as log dumps for forest harvest and as fish-spawning areas. Road-location survey crews flagged 70.7 miles of line for construction of low-order protection roads and established 59.3 miles of centre line, complete with plans and profiles for future haul roads. Map location and design were completed for another 20.7 miles on the Chilcotin South Forest Road. The use of air-photo interpretive techniques resulted in a saving in both engineering talents and field time and materially assisted in scheduling field personnel to obtain site data as required. Priority was given to engineering for projects where early construction appeared probable. Road Construction and Maintenance During the year, construction work was undertaken on nine projects, requiring the movement of 1,430,000 cubic yards of common excavation and 119,000 cubic yards of solid rock and the erection of 13 bridges. Although the weather during the summer months was generally unfavourable for construction, work on the Gold River, Kispiox River, and Parsnip River projects was completed, and good progress was made on the South Chilcotin project. Construction was completed on 39 miles of new road. An additional 12 miles of roadway were completed except for gravel surface and drainage structures. The work on the Parsnip River Forest Road extended the loop so that industrial forest traffic could by-pass the townsite en route to the industrial area. This extension was necessitated by the increasing traffic resulting from industrial and urban development in the vicinity of Morfee Lake. In addition, construction commenced on 8.5 miles of the Bench Creek Road under a contract awarded in August. The continuing resurfacing programme resulted in crushed rock being placed on several roads as part of the maintenance programme on 888 miles of road. See Table No. 91 in the Appendix. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 49 General Engineering Designs, drawings, and specifications were prepared for seven bridges of the pressure-creosoted glue-laminated timber type. One of these bridges, designed for a crossing of the Bulkley River on the Suskwa Forest Road, incorporates the longest single span used by the Forest Service to date. Each of the I-beam girders for this bridge will be 151 feet long, have a depth of 7 feet 2 inches, and a weight of 25 tons. Specialized investigations included site and materials studies for two possible earth dams for forest nursery irrigation reservoirs and soil and foundation investigations on several forest roads and bridge-sites. Site preparation work continued on a further 14,830 acres of navigation channels and shoreline access within the area to be flooded by the Portage Mountain Dam. This included treatment of 5,679 acres by the Le Tourneau tree-crushers, 3,773 acres by the Department's own crews, and 5,378 acres by contract. In addition, some 1,900 acres of the 5,820 acres treated during 1965 were broadcast- burned. BUILDING AND MARINE SERVICES During the year the Building and Marine Services Section of the Engineering Services Division was reorganized and provided with additional staff to meet the increasing work load associated with the design, acquisition, and maintenance of buildings, trailers, and marine craft. As a result of the continuing high level of activity in the construction industry, some difficulties and delays were experienced in obtaining both labour and materials for work in outlying centres. In addition to the investigation of new products and preparation of specifications for materials, fabrication inspections were carried out on structural members for 14 bridges and five buildings. The Divisional technical library was augmented with the addition of 165 books and papers. Building Construction The major projects for the year included a new utility building and office renovations at the Forest Service training-school, a new laboratory and office building at the Duncan nursery, additions to existing buildings at the Forest Service Maintenance Depot, and a warehouse at Kamloops. The first two projects mentioned were nearing completion, and the last two were just under way. A number of administration and storage buildings for Ranger stations were in various stages of completion, in addition to residential accommodation for Ranger personnel. One residence was bought at Gold River to facilitate an early opening of the new West Coast Ranger District. Eighty-three contracts for prime and sub-contract work were awarded and 48 other miscellaneous jobs were handled, as well as a continuing load of assessment and consultation services. Mobile Accommodation Three 20-man bunk-house complexes were purchased for Engineering Division camps, and 10 existing smaller portable buildings were mounted on wheels for greater mobility. Four portable buildings and four large house trailers were designed and built by contract for Engineering Division camps and Ranger staff accommodation. One truck-borne camper coach was purchased for northern fire patrol work. c 3 J3 C3 00 C 3 O eo 3 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 51 Marine Activities To provide accommodation for Engineering Division crews working along the Parsnip and Finlay Rivers, a complete 20-man floating camp was designed, built, and delivered to Finlay Forks prior to spring high water. This camp consisted of a 20-man sectional bunk-house and a cookhouse-diner-office complex mounted on two sectional barges, each 56 by 30 feet. In consultation with the Maintenance Depot, engines were purchased for re- powering two diesel launches and one gasoline launch. Radar and echo sounders were purchased for three coastal vessels, and additional inflatable life-rafts were provided in the interests of personnel safety. A number of small craft, including five wood river boats, three inflatable boats, two aluminum boats, and three deep-vee fibreglass boats were acquired for Ranger and Engineering Division work. MECHANICAL SECTION The 1966 season was notable for a number of increases in various mechanical categories. It is significant that the number of pick-up trucks, both two- and four- wheel drive, increased by 29 units, whereas the over-all number of passenger cars decreased by 10. Increased interest is shown in a two-wheel-drive pick-up truck with V-8 engine, automatic transmission, limited-slip differential, and fitted with an aluminum canopy top of cab height. In addition, an electric winch of 6,000 pounds capacity can be provided. This combination of features in a half-ton truck is helping to reduce the number of demands for four-wheel-drive. A demand for trail motor-cycles continues, and the fleet total was increased by 17. Another significant and relatively new trend is the apparent success of various types of snow toboggans. Fifteen more units were purchased this year and are reported to be a valuable aid in the performance of winter cruising and silviculture duties. Power lawn-mowers were added to the list of Mechanical Section responsibilities, and another 29 units were purchased. They will eventually be numbered and added to the equipment total. Chain saws continue to be in demand, particularly as present models become lighter, more powerful, and faster cutting. A total of 117 saws was purchased during the year. In the heavy-equipment category, Vancouver Forest District acquired a tandem- drive grader, Prince Rupert Forest District acquired a four-wheel-drive four-wheel- steer grader, and Engineering Division replaced a 3-cubic-yard loader with a 4-cubic- yard unit. In addition, six large tractor units—two in the 3 8 5-horsepower range, two in the 235-horsepower range, and two in the 150-160-horsepower range—were purchased for work being undertaken by the Forest Service in the Portage Mountain Dam flood area. These units were supplied with a variety of equipment, including hydraulic angling blades, brush rakes, stump splitters, logging winches, etc. The two largest machines were used with a ball-and-chain arrangement for tree-felling, and all units had specially reinforced canopies and carried extreme service reinforcement additions to radiators, engine guards, blade ends, corners, and undersides. Some changes in key mechanical personnel resulted in the loss of a superintendent in each of three districts for a period, but, because of the presence of an assistant in each case, work proceeded without the disruption experienced under similar circumstances in the past. 52 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Three superintendents attended the three-day mechanical maintenance course at the University of Seattle in March. FOREST SERVICE MAINTENANCE DEPOT Reorganization within the Forest Service Maintenance Depot in 1965 resulted in consolidation of work forces, and improvements in efficiency and economy of production were evident in 1966. Work on renovating and extending carpentry, mechanical, and warehousing facilities to provide more flexible and efficient work space was commenced late in the year. Marine Work The marine ways were occupied 65 times, with 38 complete launch refits and 25 minor refits being carried out. The major projects included the complete rebuilding and re-engining of the " Forest Pioneer," re-engining of three other craft, and a start on rebuilding and re-engining the former Department of Highways Barnston Island tug. New construction was highlighted by the launching of the 50-foot Ranger vessel M.V. "Coast Ranger," which was scheduled to be in service in 1967. Small- boat construction saw completion of five river boats for distribution to various parts of the Province. Other work accomplished included repair of 37 river boats, barges, and small boats, and the preparation for shipment of 12 new small craft. Prefabrication and Carpentry Although the Porta-building and trailer overhaul programme was slowed as other work took priority, 18 Porta-buildings and trailers were rebuilt, modified, or reconditioned during the year. Four truck decks were built and installed on vehicles, and 13 backboards and inner boxes were manufactured for pick-up trucks. Other items produced in quantity included 125 scaling-boards, 20 signs, 10 outboard test tanks, and 93 pieces of office furniture. Twenty-four desk study units were manufactured and installed at the Forest Service training-school. Added to this work load were the normal requirements of maintenance of depot facilities, and the repair and reconditioning of equipment boxes and packing-cases. Mechanical Work The regular work load in the small-engine repair-shop increased to a new high with a total of 581 pumps, light plants, outboard engines, and chain saws being overhauled, crated, and shipped. In addition, 206 new units were tested and shipped to the forest districts. The machine-shop also produced and assembled items from castings which included 2,600 pump and valve fittings, 12 log-scale computors, 48 thermometer shields, 6 fire-finders, 4 sets of lightning-arrestors, 150 hose wrenches, and 924 miscellaneous items such as brackets, handrail fittings, and trailer hitches. The heavy-equipment shop continued the maintenance and servicing of transport equipment and construction machinery. During the year, 42 vehicles, 2 graders, 2 crawler tractors, and 10 diesel-powered generating sets were overhauled. Other work included the fabrication of 2 light-plant trailers, a utility trailer, and a 1,000-gallon fuel tanker, and the assembly of components and accessories on new and reconditioned machinery. Depot Maintenance In conjunction with regular production, a programme of planned renovation and maintenance projects was completed throughout the depot. The majority of REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 53 these projects was completed by contract and included the renewing of the shingle roofs on three main buildings and repairing of the bonded roof on Building No. 1. The east dyke was repaired by addition of rock fill, the riprap was relocated on the shore of launch-storage basin, and a docking-ramp was cleared for the planned hard-surface slipway. Numerous other jobs were completed by depot personnel, including rebuilding of floats, marine ways, clearing drain tiles, renewing winch cables, and general overhaul of plant equipment and machinery. New equipment was purchased and installed, including a replacement lathe for the machine-shop and an industrial-type incinerator for the proper disposal of waste products. RADIO SECTION One hundred and fifty radio transmitting units of all types were purchased during the year, compared to 247 during 1965. Of these, 121 were very high frequency (F.M.), 22 were medium frequency (A.M.) sets, and seven were single sideband (S.S.B.). The high proportion of F.M. equipment in the total of new sets is consistent with Department of Transport policy and with the increasing use by the Forest Service of F.M. mobiles and portables. These two types made up approximately 70 per cent of the F.M. units purchased. With an eye to regulations which will eliminate the use of A.M. transmission in a few years, six single sideband fixed stations were put into operation during the year in three forest districts and at Victoria. Results to date have been inconclusive, the improved reliability of S.S.B. being of a degree which scarcely warrants the much higher equipment cost. As the radio system had expanded faster than maintenance could be provided, the trend during the year was toward equipment rental on a seasonal basis, with maintenance included in rental costs. A.M. transmission was extremely poor at times, but on the whole was not as erratic as had been expected considering atmospheric conditions. A.M. contact between Victoria and the Engineering Services projects was maintained, and a reliable F.M. circuit was established between Victoria and Mile 73 on the Parsnip River Road by means of P.G.E. microwave and Forest Service repeaters. In the Vancouver Forest District, communication between Hope and Boston Bar was consolidated, and a new remote installation at Powell River brought the Ranger station into the F.M. network for the first time. At Campbell River, the F.M. equipment was remote-controlled at Elk Falls Lookout, extending mobile and lookout coverage to the north and west. No single-repeater method of connecting Squamish and Pemberton by F.M. was found, a repeater at London Mountain having proved inadequate to cover the distances involved. Prince Rupert Forest District improvements included a power-line to Kitwanga repeater, and two new repeaters near Smithers and Bella Coola designed to increase radio coverage in the areas concerned. Previous outages in the locally generated power at Kitwanga and the impossibility of providing adequate maintenance over such an extended repeater system had made F.M. point-to-point communication unreliable. With the Kitwanga power situation corrected and a technician stationed at Smithers, considerable improvement was experienced during the year, although some problems remain to be solved. In the Nelson Forest District the entire F.M. repeater system was revised to provide trunk communication from Kettle Valley to Golden. Mobiles now can use the repeater chain to increase their range, one pair of frequencies being common to all mobiles in the Nelson area. Some conflict in the use of adjacent channels by the Forest Service and the Department of Highways occurred during the trunk changeover, and, although a temporary solution to this mutual interference was found, the Skog Mountain V.H.F.-F.M. repeater, supplying radio coverage to the Peace River pondage area. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 55 permanent solution has yet to be determined. At Grand Forks and Kettle Valley, remote-control projects to increase local mobile coverage were nearing completion. The change to trunk operation in the Kamloops Forest District was completed during the year, and although mobile coverage has been greatly increased, the proximity of the various repeaters causes two or more to be turned on at the same time by mobiles in certain locations. The resulting interference to the received signal is a problem still to be overcome. Plans for a repeater chain to connect Fort St. John with Fort Nelson were abandoned as it was considered impractical to attempt to provide maintenance over such an extended distance. Instead, with power available at Nel-X Lookout, a repeater was installed which provides 100 miles of road coverage to mobiles operating in the Fort Nelson area. In place of the repeater chain, Telex was leased to provide administrative communication to Fort Nelson. Single sideband units were placed at Fort Nelson and Fort St. James, but reliability proved to be only slightly greater than with the original A.M. transmission. In Victoria priority was given to the design of an improved battery-operated repeater of low enough power consumption to operate continuously from a Thermo generator. This was completed, and the Thermo generator, a failure in 1965, may now be considered a practical means of supplying power to sites which are accessible only by helicopter. Other projects included the trunk repeater change-over at Nelson, remote-control system design, and proving new commercial equipment. " Sferics " tests were continued throughout the summer, but data collected had not been collated. 56 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES FOREST PROTECTION DIVISION WEATHER The 1966 fire season encountered relatively little in the way of significant fire danger. Apart from a few weeks early in July when the Prince Rupert Forest District suffered a severe danger, and from late July to early August when the Southern Interior of the Province had a build-up, there was no prolonged fire situation. Lightning activity was not reduced to any extent but, for the most part, was accompanied by adequate rainfall, which prevented a serious fire problem. Early in October, cool moist weather over most of the Province made it possible to terminate the close fire season officially on the 10th of the month. In the Vancouver Forest District, potentially serious fire conditions were restricted to short periods in early May and mid-August. However, the short periods did not necessitate any forest closures to prohibit travel in the woods. FIRES Occurrence and Causes As indicated by the weather situation, this past summer produced less than the average number of fires. The total of 1,967 fires recorded was below the 10-year average of 2,117. Lightning was again the principal cause, accounting for 19 per cent of the fires. This was in sharp contrast to the 1965 season, when lightning accounted for 37 per cent of the fires. The 10-year average is 36 per cent. See Tables Nos. 103, 104, and 105 in the Appendix. Cost of Fire-fighting Average fire-suppression cost to the Forest Service was $886 per cost fire, compared with $2,041 the previous year. Total suppression cost for the year was $1,028,100, of which $700,400 was accounted for by the Forest Service and $327,700 by other agencies. This is $1,287,600 less than the 10-year average. See Tables Nos. 102, 109, and 111 in the Appendix. Damage The 54,788 acres of forest-cover burned represented only 12 per cent of the 10-year average of 438,000 acres. The damage to forest-cover was $757,000, compared with the 10-year average of $3,252,637. See Tables Nos. 107, 108, and 110 in the Appendix. PROTECTION PLANNING AND RESEARCH Fire Statistics Coding of forest fire data on a three-card-per-fire basis was continued during 1966, in line with the objective of recording all fires back to 1950. The 1,967 fires occurring in 1966 have been plotted in the Provincial Fire Atlas, and statistical fire summary data are continued to be recorded in ledger form. Visibility Mapping Visibility mapping and lookout photography requirements were down to the point that no work was undertaken in 1966. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 57 Fuel-moisture Indicator Sticks Following spring testing for acceptable field tolerances, 964 sets of the 100- gram fuel-moisture sticks were distributed to the forest industry, the Canada Department of Forestry, and the forest districts. The requirements represented an 8Viper-cent increase over 1965. Co-operation of the Federal Forestry Department's forest products laboratory at the University of British Columbia in making the kiln and facilities available for production of the moisture sticks is again acknowledged. Insect Survey and Control Survey of the hemlock needle miner (Epinotia sp.) outbreak in the Holberg- Buck Creek region of North-west Vancouver Island continued as a joint field project of industry and the Canada Department of Forestry, with British Columbia Forest Service participation on a cost-sharing basis. Ground and air surveys were carried out, and preparations made for possible chemical treatment of the infested stands. However, because of a natural marked decline of population levels, no chemical treatment was undertaken. KEY MAP OF BALSAM WOOLLY APHID SURVEY 1965-1966 58 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES The continuing balsam woolly aphid (Adelges picece) survey was expanded and extended in 1966 (see map, page 57). The main survey group included 30 persons, with an additional eight delegated to an intensive survey research project under Federal Forestry Department direction. The purpose of the general survey was threefold: to establish the general perimeter of the infestation on the Lower Mainland and Eastern Vancouver Island, to conduct a more intensive survey within this perimeter to locate and map specific infested areas, and to do some spot sampling for possible spot infestations beyond the perimeter and in the Interior of the Province. Ground sampling was supplemented by helicopter air reconnaissance. Low- level stereoscopic photography was employed on an experimental basis, using Ekta- chrome infra-red and Ektachrome aero colour film, to assess this procedure as a means of detection of crown attack by the aphid. This was basically a joint Federal-Provincial programme, with the Canada Department of Forestry concentrating on research aspects and technical guidance, and British Columbia conducting the operational survey functions. Co-operation of the Director of the Forest Research Laboratory at Victoria is acknowledged in allotting laboratory facilities and office space for headquarters and for staff assistance and co-operation. Order in Council No. 460, approved on February 16, 1966, prohibited sale or movement of balsam nursery stock within the Province, and made provision for compensation to commercial-plant nurserymen and dealers who elected to release their stock to the Forest Service. Approximately $23,500 in compensation was paid in 1966. Research Projects The lookout window-tinting, introduced as a test programme in 1964 and 1965, became fully operational in 1966. Most of the lookouts now are equipped with tinted windows. It is anticipated the programme will be completed in 1967. The " sferics " programme was continued, with two radio detection sets used to determine the possibility of tracing major lightning-storm systems across the Cariboo plateau. Analysis of the data collected is still under way. The increased emphasis being placed on slash-burning has resulted in increased attention being paid to burning equipment. An inexpensive drip-torch was produced in quantity and proved fairly satisfactory, but is being remodelled with a more durable container. A vehicle-mounted torch is being developed for perimeter burning. The use of remote fire-starting devices was tried with fair success, and various systems were to be tried in the 1967 fire season. A fertilizer-base long-term fire retardant was developed for perimeter control, but a field test was not possible because of delays in the construction of a suitable transport system. Equipment evaluation continued, with particular emphasis on rations, hose- handling systems, and weather instrumentation. After checking with the many individuals who make use of the Fire Prevention Regulations, with a view to up-dating and modernization, the revised format was published. The equipment rental rates also were published in a revised form. Considerable research was done to eliminate paper-work requirements in such matters as final fire reporting, weather recording, and property inventories. Liaison with the increased Federal fire research organization was continued, and some of the results of this are evident in fire-danger meter research and the slash-burning programmes. The co-operation of the supervisory staff of the British Columbia Penitentiary is acknowledged for the production of high-quality fabrication of specialized equipment, such as the back-pack hose-carrier. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 59 FIRE-SUPPRESSION CREWS Fifteen fire-suppression crews of 6 to 12 men each were employed in the three southern forest districts. In addition, 37 crews of two to four men each were employed as immediate fire-attack forces at various Ranger headquarters throughout the Province. Twenty-six of these crews were employed in the northern areas, and five were employed in areas involving the Columbia River clearing projects. One suppression crew in the Vancouver Forest District was disbanded and the crewmen were assigned to various Ranger districts. The savings in overhead make it possible to increase the number of man-days, and more efficient use of the young men was evident. During low-hazard periods the crews were employed on numerous projects and many assisted in the collection of the heavy cone crop. Generally, the calibre of the crewmen was good, although it was more difficult to locate good crewmen in the northern areas where other employment was more attractive. The husband-and- wife foreman-cook combination continues to be the most satisfactory arrangement of the suppression crews and will be continued wherever possible. For an analysis of suppression-crew fire-fighting activities see Table No. 115 in the Appendix. AIRCRAFT Extensive use of aircraft continued during 1966. A total of 40 contract machines was available for the peak hazard period. The use of helicopters and air tankers continues to exercise a marked influence in the early control of fires, resulting in a lower acreage burn than could otherwise be expected. Detection has been greatly extended through the use of light patrol aircraft, and a spirit of co-operation with the lookoutmen has developed to strengthen all detection facilities. For statistical information on the use of contract and non-contract aircraft, see Tables Nos. 113 and 114 in the Appendix. ROADS AND TRAILS The programme of road and trail construction and maintenance continued in a normal manner. As roads and trails are essential to economic fire suppression, the programme will be continued as funds permit. See Table No. 116 in the Appendix. SNAG-FALLING In the Vancouver Forest District, snags on 3,695 acres were felled. Contract crews completed 2,262 acres, and the regular Forest Service crew completed 1,433 acres. SLASH DISPOSAL Vancouver Forest District Variable weather conditions in the Vancouver Forest District produced varied results on the 55,358 acres of logging slash burned by the logging operators. This acreage was 30 per cent down from the area burned in 1965 but was well above the 10-year average. tuttiitykteik, . JL. Aircraft play an important part in early suppression of forest-fire outreaks. Here a Canso flies low as it demonstrates its fire-extinguishing capabilities. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 61 Some serious escapes occurred in the 1965 slash burns. In 1966 the Forest Service put more emphasis in the directions for burning, and this together with an educational programme, reduced the damage due to escaping burns to a negligible amount. Because of the weather situation in the late summer and fall, a rather large carry-over of unburned slash has had to be left for the next burning period in certain areas. Interior Forest Districts Prescribed Burns on Slash, 19661 Forest District Industry Forest Service Total Acres 1,804 756 2,218 8,435 Acres 556 3,574 2,041 6,135 Acres 2,360 4,330 4,259 Nelson - — 14,570 Totals 13,213 12,306 25,519 1 This was the first year where a concerted effort was made toward eliminating slash created by the logging industry in the Interior. Several burns were planted with nursery stock, and others will be planted in 1967. At this stage it is not always practical to have seedlings available in the correct species and provenance for the individual sites. FIRE-LAW ENFORCEMENT Although 1966 was a somewhat lighter fire season than the 10-year average, prosecutions under Part XI of the Forest Act increased by one. A total of 31 informations was laid, of which 13, or 42 per cent, were for burning without a permit. The 31 represented 75 per cent of the 10-year average. FOREST CLOSURES There were no forest closures imposed this season under section 122 of the Forest Act. 62 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES FOREST SERVICE TRAINING-SCHOOL The 14th class of advanced trainees (Advanced Course No. 14), consisting of 20 men, graduated on December 16, 1966. Graduates from the advanced course now total 295. Graduates from the basic course now total 100. Subjects covered during the year were as follows:— Advanced Course No. 14, Spring 1966 (January 6th to April 1st) Subject Days Allotted Forest Protection Policies and Procedures %Vi Botany 5 Ranger District Organization 6 Dendrology _: 2 Entomology IVi Pathology 4 Mathematics 2Vi Silviculture 9lA Public Speaking 4 Surveying 6 Business English 3 Wood Technology 2 V2 Inventory Division 1 Engineering Services Division 2V2 Opening, closing, spares 2 Total days 1 62 Physical Training: Three-quarters of an hour per day. Advanced Course No. 14, Fall Final, 1966 (September 19th to December 16th) Subject Days Allotted Forest Management Policies and Procedures 9Vi Pre-suppression 4 Scaling (Coast) 14 Scaling (Interior) 1V2 Public Speaking 4 Fire Suppression 3 Vancouver Island Trip 4 Sales and Appraisals 5 Navigation 2 Measurements 5J/2 Grazing 3Vi Photos 2 Public Information and Education 1 Personnel and Safety IVi Opening, closing, spares 1V2 Total days 63 Physical Training: Three-quarters of an hour per day. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 63 EXTRA COURSES AND FUNCTIONS The following extra courses and functions were held at the school:— Meeting of Forest Service District Administrative Officers and Chief Clerks.— The school provided room, board, and facilities. A maximum of 16 people was involved. April 13 and 14, 1966. Meeting of Forest Service Management Division.—The school provided room, board, and facilities. A maximum of 30 people was involved. April 19 to 21, inclusive. Course for the Vancouver Forest District Lookoutmen.—The school provided room, board, facilities, and instruction for this course. Twelve men attended. April 26 to 29, 1966, inclusive. Course for Fieldmen of the Forest Service Inventory and Working Plans Division.—The school provided board, facilities, and minor assistance with instruction for this course. Rooms were supplied to as many as possible. Two-day sessions for three different groups were held, involving a total of 30 men. May 4 to 13, 1966, inclusive. Fire-suppression Course for the Corrections Branch, Department of the Attorney-General.—The school provided board, facilities, and instruction for this course. Ten men from the Corrections Branch and three men from the Forest Service took the course. March 28 to 31, 1966, inclusive. The remainder of the time was taken up with preparation of courses, administration, selection of students, and maintenance. The annual examination for Technical Forest Officer 2 was prepared and marked. The reading course on the Forest Act was amended to date. Approximately 300 copies each of the Forest Act and mathematics reading courses have been distributed to date. The staff assisted with instruction at various courses, institutions, and meetings. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is expressed to speakers and lecturers, and for equipment provided by the following agencies: Air Division of the Surveys and Mapping Branch, Department of Lands, Forest, and Water Resources; British Columbia Forest Products Limited; Mr. D. S. Watts, MacMillan Bloedel Limited; Staff Sergeant W. R. Morrison and members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police detachment at Cloverdale; Surrey Municipality; and the Forest Entomology and Pathology Laboratory of the Canada Department of Forestry. Appreciation is also expressed to lecturers from the Forest Service. CONSTRUCTION Renovations to the administration building were completed, including the enlargement of several offices. The main classroom was enlarged, and changes now provide space for duplicating and production of course material. Study units were installed in each of 24 rooms. A utility building was constructed to provide storage, workshop, and recreational facilities. 64 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES ACCOUNTING DIVISION FISCAL The decline in the demand for lumber products during the latter part of 1966 was reflected in the over-all financial return to the Forest Service. Although revenues were at a record high, over half the increase was due to the inclusion of some items formerly shown as "offsets " to expenditures. This change resulted from the adoption by the Department of Finance of a gross budget format, which is explained in more detail below. Actual revenue from forest operations declined sharply in September, compared to the same month in 1965, as the Coast lumber industry felt the full effects of unfavourable market conditions. This situation continued to the end of the year, and no improvement was anticipated before the spring of 1967. The total of amounts charged to logging operations declined by 1.8 per cent to $49,022,110 (see Table No. 142 in the Appendix), despite the establishment of a new record in the volume of timber cut. The whole of the decrease resulted from operations in the Vancouver Forest District, which recorded a drop of 7.2 per cent from 1965. The other four districts all recorded increases, Prince Rupert leading with 6.9 per cent, followed by Prince George with 6.1 per cent, Nelson with 2.7 per cent, and Kamloops 1.6 per cent. Forest revenue reached a new high of $50,348,464, an increase of 5.8 per cent (see Table No. 141 in the Appendix). However, this total included $212,275 in recovery of weight-scaling costs and $1,379,936 in payments received from Ottawa under the Federal-Provincial Forestry Agreement. As indicated above, these items, comprising over half the increase, were not previously accounted for as revenue. Timber-sale stumpage, the major source of revenue, rose by 1.4 per cent to $42,643,936, while timber-sale rentals and fees increased by a substantial 23.8 per cent. The latter increase was mainly due to the repeal, effective April 1, 1966, of section 22 of the Forest Act. Timber-licence and timber-lease rentals and fees were not affected by the repeal, but both increased by 6.9 and 23.9 per cent respectively. These increases were probably due to payments of arrears as well as current charges on certain leases and licences. Timber-berth rentals and fees declined 4.4 per cent as rates remained unchanged and elimination of cut-over areas continued. Timber- sale cruising and advertising continued to decrease, this year by 31.5 per cent, as the number of timber sales awarded declined to 1,126 as against 1,146 in 1965. Timber royalties, the second-ranking revenue item, gained considerably at $3,079,058, a rise of 17.0 per cent from the previous year. This reflected a substantial increase in the cut from lands under timber licences and timber leases, possibly indicating some segments of the industry were concentrating their operations on these areas to reduce costs during the current period of difficult financing. Forest-protection tax collections showed a slight increase of 2.0 per cent to $570,202, and miscellaneous revenue declined by 10.4 per cent to $245,350, the latter being primarily due to a reduction in the amount of bidding fees collected. Grazing fees remained relatively unchanged, increasing by 1.6 per cent to $153,507. Financial tables on a fiscal-year basis for the period ended March 31, 1966, also appear in the Appendix (see Tables Nos. 143, 144, and 145), and details of expenditure can be found in the Public Accounts, published by the Department of Finance. The Federal-Provincial Forestry Agreement, under which $1,804,461 is claimable by the Province from Canada, expires March 31, 1967, and official notification was received in October that the Federal Government did not intend to renew it. It is believed Provincial funds will be made available to carry on the projects affected. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 65 ADMINISTRATION As indicated in the financial tables in the Appendix, the accounting volume dealt with by the Division remained at a high level. In addition, it was necessary to develop new routines and adjust some current procedures to accommodate changes in policy introduced by the Department of Finance, the Superannuation Commission, and the Civil Service Commission, as well as other divisions of the Forest Service. The latter mainly affected the timber-sale section of the Headquarters Accounts office, which began to feel the effects of a change made in 1965 in the regulation governing the sale of Crown timber. The elimination, approved under this change, of cut-over areas exceeding 160 acres from licences under timber sale required alterations in all pertinent records and recalculation of fixed charges, etc. In addition, a considerable volume of stumpage adjustments under the sliding-scale formula had to be dealt with by this section as a result of fluctuations in market prices of forest products. District offices were similarly affected by the necessity for such changes. The integration of contributions under the Canada Pension Plan with those required by the Provincial Civil Service Superannuation Act put added pressure on all pay sections in the Service. The necessity of assimilating the requirements of the plan into already complicated data-processing pay procedures under a tight close-off schedule, and the many requests for interpretation of the changes by personnel affected, placed a heavy burden on pay clerks. The survey of office methods begun by the Departmental Comptroller and Chief Accountant in 1964 was continued, and the Chief Forester approved their recommendation for the appointment of a committee to co-ordinate the use of forms in the Service as a whole. On April 13th and 14th senior divisional officers met with district office Administrative Officers and Chief Clerks at the Forest Service training-school to discuss all phases of collection policy, accounting problems and procedures, and related matters of general administration. Visits were also received from the Chief Forester, the Forest Counsel, and the Personnel Officer, the latter conducting a half- day's session on personnel procedures. Future meetings will be held at intervals of not more than three years. ■ 3 ! 66 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES PERSONNEL DIVISION There were no major changes involving senior personnel in the Forest Service during 1966, although there was some reorganization of divisions at Victoria headquarters in the interest of economy and improved administration. The Working Plans Division was incorporated into the Inventory Division early in the year and was later separated, with the greater portion transferred to Forest Management Division and named the Planning Section. As a result, the responsibility for the calculation of allowable cuts and for analyzing all unregulated areas for possible sustained- yield units was retained by the Inventory Division. All other functions associated with the administration and planning phases of public sustained-yield units and tree- farm licences are now under the Management Division. Tree-farms and farm wood- lots are also the responsibility of this Division. The Engineering Services Division was transferred from the Operations Branch to the Services Branch. A general review was undertaken of the salaries of Technical Forest Officers and Forest Assistants, but at the close of the year the recommendations had not yet been approved. Curtailment in capital expenditure resulted in no further action to date on the building to house the headquarters of the new Cariboo Forest District. In the matter of employee relations, there were two complaints from the B.C. Government Employees' Association, one of which was resolved at the Departmental level. The other was still under discussion at the year's end. A general salary increase involving all employees went into effect April 1st. COMMUNICATIONS AND TRAINING The biannual District Foresters' meeting was held in Victoria in January, providing for discussion of common problems throughout the Service, as well as any others peculiar to a specific headquarters division. Full-scale Ranger meetings were held at Prince Rupert, Prince George, and Kamloops, and Ranger Zone meetings were held in Nelson and Vancouver Forest Districts. The Forest Nursery Superintendents met to discuss common problems, as did the Regional Research Officers and the District Reforestation Officers. The Administrative Officers and Chief Clerks from all districts met at the Forest Service training-school with the Departmental Comptroller, Chief Accountant, and Personnel Officer. District Management Foresters and District Protection Officers both held meetings in Victoria with their counterparts at headquarters. The Personnel Officer and Assistant Personnel Officer took part in several vocation-day programmes at high schools in the Victoria area, and other Forest Officers took part in similar programmes in other areas throughout the Province. The Department was represented again on the annual programme of instructive interviews for graduating secondary-school students sponsored by the Victoria Chamber of Commerce and the then National Employment Service. Forest Inventory and Engineering Services Divisions held their usual pre-field season instruction programmes for summer field staffs, as well as pre-season meetings of professional staff. Four employees were selected for Class 11 of the Public Administration Course under the Executive Development Training Plan, and three employees—one forester, one engineer, and the Assistant Radio Superintendent—graduated from Class 8 and received their Diplomas in Public Administration. Class 3 of the correspondence course in Basic Public Administration commenced in the fall, and the Forest Service was represented by two employees from Vancouver and one from Prince George. Three employees from the Forest Service graduated in the spring REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 67 from Class 2 of this course. Field staff continued to take industrial first-aid courses, and several employees in Victoria took advantage of the St. John Amulance courses in first aid sponsored by the Civil Defence Organization. Informal training continued for junior foresters and junior engineers. ESTABLISHMENT, RECRUITMENT, AND STAFF TURNOVER The permanent Civil Service establishment of the Forest Service was increased from 881 to 884, an increase of three positions of Technical Forest Officer 3, which resulted in the establishment of new Ranger Districts at Gold River in the Vancouver Forest District, Kitimat in the Prince Rupert Forest District, and Tatla Lake in the Kamloops Forest District. During the year 160 persons obtained Civil Service appointments and 140 left the Service. Four Forest Service 25-year certificates and badges were earned. Eight employees were guests of the Provincial Government at a luncheon where they were awarded certificates for 25 years' continuous government service. There were 13 retirements and 81 transfers of permanent staff. Sixteen graduate foresters and one engineer left the Service, while eight graduate foresters and one engineer were hired. Turnover of Civil Service appointed staff, including full-time casual staff, was 12.4 per cent, exactly the same as in 1965. The greatest disruption was suffered in the Prince Rupert Forest District at 19.0 per cent, closely followed by Prince George at 16.7 per cent. Kamloops was next at 13.0 per cent, followed by Victoria headquarters at 12.4 per cent, Vancouver District at 11.4 per cent, and the Vancouver Scaling Office at 10.7 per cent. Nelson Forest District was again the lowest at 4.5 per cent. Professional-staff turnover rose from 6.7 per cent in 1965 to 9.1 per cent in 1966. Technical-staff turnover dropped from 6.8 to 6.4 per cent, but technical staff employed on a temporary continuous basis on authority delegated by the Civil Service Commission had a turnover of 41.3 per cent, with Vancouver and Prince George Forest Districts suffering the greatest disruption with 82.6 and 67.9 per cent respectively. The office staff once more suffered the largest turnover, with Prince Rupert and Prince George Forest Districts again being hardest hit with a turnover of 38.4 and 30.4 per cent respectively. Kamloops and Vancouver Forest Districts were close behind with 25.7 and 22.2 per cent respectively. More than half of those leaving were reported to have left for better salaries. In the matter of discipline, one employee was released by Order in Council. One other employee was suspended with intent to dismiss, but the suspension was later lifted and the employee continued on staff. There were 13 disciplinary suspensions for minor infractions of rules and safety regulations. No annual statutory increases were withheld. There were more than 800 written applications for employment processed by the Personnel Office, in addition to those handled by the district offices and divisional staffs. Promotional examinations were held by the Civil Service Commission for draughtsmen and mapping assistants, to the advantage of a number of employees. Oral examinations were held at panel interviews to fill 35 positions. The Personnel Officer and Assistant Personnel Officer participated in the filling of 135 other positions. Three hundred and seventy-eight candidates sat for the annual spring examination for Technical Forest Officer 1, and 150 qualified for 65 vacancies. After all vacancies were filled, a substantial list of eligible candidates remained to be referred to any subsequent vacancies. 68 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES CLASSIFICATION, SALARIES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS Classification reviews were requested for 77 positions. At the end of the year 58 had been approved, 13 rejected, and 6 were still under review. The establishment of a 1440 data-processing system to handle log computing and billing for Coast scaling was established during the year, and a review of the new organization, including some proposed reclassifications, is still awaiting action from the Classification Section of the Civil Service Commission. A new organization, including some revision of plant at the Forest Service Maintenance Depot, is also the subject of a review expected to take place early in 1967. A review was expected of the salaries of Forest Agrologists and Mechanical Supervisors, but these had not yet taken place at the end of the year. A review of the radio staff resulted in the establishment of a new grade of Radio Technician 3 to cover the highly specialized research and development work carried out by some of the headquarters radio staff at Victoria. Twelve employees were registered as professional foresters and two as professional engineers. Working conditions remain somewhat the same as in previous years with no major changes, but a constant effort is being made to improve these conditions where possible. There was some improvement in the accident-prevention record, with a total of 326 accidents, of which 139 were time loss, as compared to 382 accidents in 1965, of which 169 were time loss. Of the 139 time-loss accidents, 12 were charged to fire suppression and 13 to temporary tree-planters and cone-collectors. This makes a total of 114 time-loss accidents for regular staff, a significant increase over the total of 87 for the same group in 1965. The one fatal accident involved a summer employee, who was drowned in the Peace River while swimming unaccompanied. A near miss occurred when a helicopter struck an unmarked cable and two employees were injured sufficiently seriously to cause their absence of 29 days in one case and 31 in the other. There was some improvement in the time-loss accident frequency per million man-hours, which was 25.9, as compared to 31.1 in 1965. The time-loss accidents were 42.6 per cent of the total accidents, as compared to 44.3 per cent in 1965. On the brighter side, it should be noted that both Prince George and Nelson Districts each won a bronze award of merit for going the required amount of time for their staff without having an accident involving a time loss of more than three days. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 69 PERSONNEL DIRECTORY, 1966 (As of December 31st) VICTORIA HEADQUARTERS F. S. McKinnon -------- Deputy Minister of Forests L. F. Swannell - - Chief Forester J. S. Stokes - - Assistant Chief Forester i/c Operations I. T. Cameron ------- Assistant Chief Forester i/c Services Staff Division Heads: Cooper, C. ---- Forest Counsel Hicks, W. V. -------- Departmental Comptroller Park, S. E. Director, Public Information McKeever, A. E. Personnel Officer Operations Branch Division Heads: Phillips, W. C. ------- Forester i/c Protection Division Hughes, W. G. ------- Forester i/c Management Division Pendray, W. C. - - Director, Grazing Division Robinson, E. W. Forester i/c Forest Service Training-school Services Branch Division Heads: Young, W. E. L. - - - - - Forester i/c Forest Inventory Division Silburn, G. ------- Forester i/c Reforestation Division Spilsbury, R. H. - - - - - - - Forester i/c Research Division Greggor, R. D. - - - - - Forester i/c Engineering Services Division FOREST DISTRICTS Vancouver Forest District H. B. Forse J. A. K. Reid District Forester Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Lorentsen, L. H. (Chilliwack); McArthur, E. J. (Hope); Wilson, R. S. (Harrison Lake) Nelson, J. N. (Mission); Mudge, M. H. (Port Moody); Neighbor, M. N. (Squamish) Chamberlin, L. C. (Sechelt); Northrup, K. A. (Pender Harbour); Hollinshead, S. B (Powell River); Hannah, M. (Lund); G. Stefanac (Thurston Bay East); Archer, W. C. (Sayward); vacant (Echo Bay); Moss, R. D. (Port McNeill); Teindl, A. J. (Port Hardy); Brooks, T. (Campbell River); Antonelli, M. W. (Courtenay); Norbirg, H. (Parksville Howard, W. G. (Nanaimo); Sykes, S. J. (Duncan); Bertram, G. D. (Ganges); Jones, R. W. (Langford); Thomas, R. W. (Lake Cowichan); Haley, K. (Alberni); Doerksen, H. G. (Torino); Gill, D. E. (Pemberton); de Hart, D. E. (Gold River); Doerksen, V. J. (Chatham Channel). Prince George Forest District N. A. McRae Young, W. District Forester Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Ward, J. G. (McBride); vacant (Valemount); McRae, M. A. (Prince George East); Meents, T. G. (Prince George North); Brash, W. E. (Fort St. James); York, G. H. (Quesnel); Barbour, H. T. (Dawson Creek); Amonson, D. A. (Aleza Lake); Graham, G. W. (Vanderhoof); Espenant, L. G. (Fort St. John); Griffiths, P. F. (Fort Fraser); Gibbs, T. R. (Summit Lake); Doerksen, D. B. (Fort Nelson); Magee, G. E. (Prince George); Wallin, D. F. (Hixon); Hewitt, E. W. (Quesnel); Rohn, K. (Quesnel); McQueen, L. (Chetwynd); Magee, K. W. (Hudson Hope). 70 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Kamloops Forest District A. H. Dlxon - -- District Forester Boulton, L. B. B. - - - Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Hopkins, H. V. (Lumby); Ivens, J. H. (Birch Island); Wittner, D. J. (Barriere); Cameron, A. G. (Kamloops South); Craig, V. D. (Chase); vacant (Salmon Arm); Jones, G. G. (Sicamous); Berard, R. K. M. (Lillooet); Kuly, A. (Vernon); Scott, E. L. (Penticton); Baker, F. M. (Princeton); Petty, A. P. (Clinton); Paquette, O. (Williams Lake); Donnelly, R. W. (Alexis Creek); Hewlett, H. C. (Kelowna); Noble, J. O. (Ashcroft); Pearce, F. (Merritt); Lynn, J. F. (Blue River); vacant (Enderby); Schmidt, J. T. (100 Mile North); Weinard, J. P. (Kamloops North); Wanderer, J. (Horsefly); Monteith, M. E. (100 Mile South); Perry, W. R. (Tatla Lake). Prince Rupert Forest District H. M. Pogue -.- District Forester Lehrle, L. W. Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Quast, H. W. (Ocean Falls); Anderson, W. R. (Queen Charlotte City); Hamilton, H. D. (Prince Rupert); Gorley, O. J. (Terrace); Reiter, D. (Kitwanga); Harvie, T. (Hazelton); Pement, A. R. (Smithers); Simmons, C. F. (Telkwa); Dodd, G. F. (Houston); Mould, J. (Pendleton Bay); Mastin, T. (Burns Lake); Weinard, R. H. (Bella Coola); Jones, W. H. (Southbank); Waldron, W. C. (Lower Post),; Jaeger, J. F. (Topley); Hawkins, R. M. (Kitimat). Nelson Forest District J. R. Johnston ...- District Forester Isenor, M. G. - - - - Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Taft, L. G. (Invermere); Humphrey, J. L. (Fernie); Anderson, S. E. (Golden); Gierl, J. B. (Cranbrook East); Ross, A. I. (Creston); Allin, G. B. (Kaslo); Benwell, G. L. (Lardeau); Robinson, R. E. (Nelson); Jupp, C. C. (New Denver); Raven, J. H. (Nakusp); Wood, H. R. (Castlegar); Reid, E. W. (Grand Forks); Uphill, W. T. (Kettle Valley); Cartwright,, G. M. (Canal Flats); Benwell, W. G. (Arrowhead); Loomer, I. M. (Edgewood); Russell, P. F. (Elko); Webster, G. R. (Spillimacheen); Hamann, L.O. (Cranbrook West) ; Thompson, H. B. (Beaverdell); Bellmond, C. N. (Salmo); Jackson, R. C. (Revelstoke). REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 73 TABULATED DETAILED STATEMENTS TO SUPPLEMENT THE REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE CONTENTS TABLE Research Division No. Page 11. Tabulation of Research Projects Active in 1966 76 12. Research Publications, 1966 77 Reforestation Division 22. Summary of Planting, 1957-66 78 Public Information and Education Division 31. Motion-picture Library, 1957-66 79 32. Summary of Coverage by School Lecturers, 1957-66 80 33. Forest Service Library, 1957-66 , _ 81 Forest Management Division 47. Summary of Basic Data for Tree-farm Licences (Private Sustained-yield Units ) 8 2 48. Summary of Basic Data for Certified Tree-farms (Private Sustained-yield Units) 83 49. Summary of Basic Data for Farm Wood-lot Licences (Private Sustained- yield Units) 8 3 50. Summary of Basic Data for Public Sustained-yield Units 83 51. Value Added by Manufacture, 1957-66 84 52. Water-borne Lumber Trade (in M B.M.), 1957-66 .„ 85 53. Total Amount of Timber Scaled in British Columbia during Years 1965 and 1966: (A) in F.B.M., (B) in Cubic Feet 86 54. Species Cut, All Products, 1966: (A) in F.B.M., (B) in Cubic Feet. 87 55. Total Scale, All Products, 1966 (Segregated by Land Status and Forest Districts): (A) in F.B.M., (B) in Cubic Feet 88 56. Timber Scaled in British Columbia during 1966 (by Months and Forest Districts) 8 9 57. Volume of Wood Removed under Relogging at Reduced Royalty and Stumpage, 1957-66, in Thousands of Cubic Feet 90 58. Number of Acres Operating under Approved Annual Allowable Cuts, 1957-66 91 59. Total Scale of All Products from Areas Operated under Approved Annual Allowable Cuts, 1957-66 92 60. Logging Inspections, 1966 93 61. Trespasses, 1966 - . 1 94 62. Areas Examined by the Forest Service for Miscellaneous Purposes of the Land Act, 1966 ■ 95 74 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Table No. pAGE 63. Areas Cruised for Timber Sales, 1966 95 64. Timber-sale Record, 1966 95 65. Competition for Timber Sales Awarded, 1966 96 66. Timber Sales Awarded by Forest Districts, 1966 97 67. Average Stumpage Prices as Bid, by Species and Forest Districts, on Timber Sales during 1966, per C CF. Log Scale 98 68. Average Stumpage Prices Received, by Species and Forest Districts, on Saw-timber on Tree-farm Licence Cutting Permits Issued in 1966_ 99 69. Timber Cut and Scaled from Timber Sales, 1966 100 70. Saw and Shingle Mills of the Province, 1966 101 71. Export of Logs (in F.B.M.), 1966 102 72. Shipments of Poles and Other Minor Products, 1966 102 73. Summary of Export of Minor Products for Province, 1966 103 74. Timber Marks Issued, 1957-66 103 Grazing Division 81. Grazing Permits Issued, 1966 103 Engineering Services Division 91. Forest Road Programme, 1966 104 92. Forest Service Mechanical Equipment, 1966 105 Forest Protection Division 102. Reported Approximate Expenditure in Forest Protection by Other Agencies, 1966 105 103. Fire Occurrences by Months, 1966 106 104. Number and Causes of Forest Fires, 1966 106 105. Number and Causes of Forest Fires for the Last 10 Years 106 106. Fires Classified by Size and Damage, 1966 107 107. Damage to Property Other than Forests, 1966 . 108 108. Damage to Forest-cover Caused by Forest Fires, 1966—Parts I and II 108,109 109. Fire Causes, Area Burned, Forest Service Cost, and Total Damage, 1966 110 110. Comparison of Damage Caused by Forest Fires in Last 10 Years 110 111. Fires Classified by Forest District and Cost per Fire of Fire-fighting, 1966 111 112. Prosecutions, 1966 112 113. Contract Flying, 1966 „ 113 114. Non-contract Flying, 1966 113 115. Analysis of Suppression-crew Fire-fighting Activities, 1966 114 116. Construction of Protection Roads and Trails, 1966 _ . 114 117. Summary of Snag-falling, 1966, Vancouver Forest District 114 118. Summary of Logging Slash Reported in 1966, Vancouver Forest District 115 119. Acreage Analysis of Slash Disposal Required, 1966, Vancouver Forest District 115 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 75 120. Analysis of Progress in Slash Disposal, 1966, Vancouver Forest District 115 121. Summary of Slash-burn Damage and Costs, 1966, Vancouver Forest District 116 Training-school 131. Enrolment at Advanced Course, 1946-66 116 132. Enrolment at Basic Course, 1962-66 117 Accounting Division i 141. Forest Revenue, 1962-66 117 142. Amounts Charged against Logging Operations, 1966 118 143. Amounts Charged against Logging Operations, Fiscal Year 1965/66.___ 119 144. Forest Revenue, Fiscal Year 1965/66 120 145. Forest Service Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1965/66 120 146. Scaling Fund ; 120 147. Grazing Range Improvement Fund 121 148. Peace River Power Timber Salvage 121 Personnel Division 151. Distribution of Personnel, 1966 122 76 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (W TABULATION OF RESEARCH PROJECTS ACTIVE IN 1966 Experimental Project No. Title Region 474 476 478 479 480 482 485 502 513 528 541 549 554 570 571 580 581 585 589 590 591 594 599 602 603 606 607 613 614 616 618 619 623 625 629 630 632 633 635 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 655 Inbreeding Experiments with Douglas-fir Pollination Techniques for Douglas-fir Phenotypic Selections in Open-grown Douglas-fir Plus-trees Selection for Douglas-fir Seed Orchards. A Co-operative Seed Provenance Study of Douglas-fir.. Climate and the Altitudinal Distribution of Conifers Classification of Lodgepole Pine Sites Plantation Trials Intra- and Interspecific Crosses within the Genus Pseudotsuga.. Influence of Time on the Effectiveness of Scarified Seed-beds.... Natural Nurseries Spacing Trials... Thinning Experiments in Douglas-fir.. Sitka Spruce Spacing Study- Trials of Tree Species and Initial Spacing on the West Coast of Vancouver Island Site Preparation to Induce Restocking of Lodgepole Pine Sites in the West Kettle Co-operative Planting Study of 2+0 Douglas-fir culls— Plantation Studies. A Study of Douglas-fir Planting Stock on High Site Lands Subject to Dense Plant Cover Compatibility of Grass and Tree Seeding.. Regeneration Study in Cut-over Lodgepole Pine Stands Brush Control, Coastal British Columbia— -_ - — - - Problem Analysis: Approach to Provenance Experimentation in Coastal Douglas-fir - Lodgepole Pine Problem Analysis . Study of Some Hand-planting Methods in White Spruce- Direct Seeding of Douglas-fir and Engelmann Spruce Ponderosa Pine Spacing Trials. — Western Hemlock Spacing Study.. The Use of the Herbicide Tordon to Control Bracken Study of Regeneration Problems in Decadent Hemlock-Cedar Stands.. Cone Crop Periodicity in Spruce, Nelson Forest District— — Douglas-fir/Engelmann Spruce Planting Study, 1963„ The Growth Behaviour of Interior Spruce in the Nursery _ The Survival and Initial Growth of Various Types of Douglas-fir Planting Stock . Classification of Soil Capability for Forestry Lodgepole Pine Cleaning Study- Exploratory Direct Seeding Trials in the Wet Belt Type of the Southern Interior . Western Hemlock Planting Trials — Direct Seeding on a Scarified Area. Seed Dispersal and Natural Regeneration in the Columbia Forest Zone- Seeding Trials Regeneration and Reforestation Practice. Requirements of Douglas-fir Seedlings for P, K and Mg — Dry Matter Production and Growth Periodicity in Four Western Species... Nursery Experiment with Different Nitrogen Sources Nutrient Analysis in Plantation Trees - —■ Bullet Planting with Douglas-fir, Preliminary Trial, 1965 - - Variation in Nutrient Concentration within and between Trees, and Estimation of Nutrient Uptake Field Test of 40 Provenances of White and Engelmann Spruce Investigation of Factors Influencing Pollen Production in Douglas-fir: of Growth Regulators upon Reproductive Bud Initiation Grafting in Douglas-fir _ — White Spruce Stock Comparison Study Direct Seeding on a Control Burn _ Seed Dispersal Study.. 1, Effect Measurement of 2+0 Douglas-fir Dormancy Determination of Fertilizer Amendments for White Spruce at Red Rock Nursery Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Prince George. Prince Rupert. Prince George. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Nelson. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Prince Rupert. Kamloops. Nelson. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Nelson. Kamloops. Prince George. Vancouver Island. Prince George. Prince Rupert. Kamloops. Prince Rupert. Prince Rupert. Nelson. Prince George. Prince George. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Prince Rupert. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Prince George. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 77 (12) RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS, 1966 Armit, D. (1966): Silvics and Silviculture of Lodgepole Pine in the North-Central Interior of British Columbia. B.C. Forest Service Research Note 40. Fraser, A. R., and Kovats, M. (1966): Stereoscopic Models of Multivariate Statistical Data. Biometrics 22:2:358-367. Illingworth, K., and Clark, M. B. (1966): Planting Trials with Ponderosa Pine in British Columbia. B.C. Forest Service Research Note 41. Orr-Ewing, A. L. (1966): Inter- and Intraspecific Crosses in Douglas-fir. Silva; Genetica 15:4:112-126. Roche, L. (1966): Variation in Lodgepole Pine with Reference to Provenances Planted in Great Britain and Ireland. Journal of Forestry 39:1:30-39. Sprout, P. N.; Lacate, D. S.; and Arlidge, J. W. C. (1966): Forest Land Classification Survey and Interpretations for Management of a Portion of the Niskonlith Provincial Forest, Kamloops, B.C. B.C. Forest Service Technical Publication T60. van den Driessche, R., and Wareing, P. F. (1966): Dry Matter Production and Photosynthesis in Pine Seedlings. Annals of Botany 30:120:673-682. (1966): Nutrient Supply, Dry Matter Production and Nutrient Uptake of Forest Tree Seedlings. Annals of Botany 30:120:657-672. Papers 10th Meeting, Committee on Forest Tree Breeding in Canada, Vancouver, 1966 Heaman, J. C.: Selection, Propagation and Seed Orchard Establishment Phases of the Douglas- fir Breeding Programmes of the B.C. Forest Service. Orr-Ewing, A. L.: Breeding Pseudotsuga in Coastal British Columbia. Roche, L.: Spruce Provenance Research in British Columbia. Western Society of Soil Science, 1966, Seattle, Wash. Keser, N., and Rowles, C. A.: Soil-Tree Relationships. 78 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES h-iinOtNiOOOOHyc V) iXTtrH*-**toovOrtOOt>cNi> 00 C tn t~-i—i *-?•, Ti- a\ cN rH >o ,—i cn t— Tf vi'^©cNr>*rtt"--TfrtCNTt NO cn <u co\ct-^-*-»'-'co-i;acN o oinotS-r-<\Dr-'*c*0'^ra\ a Os Ih 0\'>tr"*C*00\cio*^*^*t^*H f r> co *•* CN CN rH th cn rf NO VC*" O cTtromN'-iM-Hrt -tj- o Cl cn '^, < ** Tf tt GO o H tfi -■a »hh-HTtmHm*xoo\ «m cjiMnxmnn-coHM ON o r> xoinO-omOTt^nts i n iHrHrHsOCNJCOVDCACAr-sO -H t^ o" ■M 5 wiNr*0\|/i*C',T,trfirtiH r— MOiNN-hi/ix*^*£H7sO CN ON r- OJ ™ tt o omoND-oin-otcemco as ON.«">rtO\o\vortooi*ncNO\ ■* o so >n tr* m as \o so £*• tr~-m rt o cn cn rt rt rn Tf ON Hi2 rt CN CN tN ONrtVOVOini^COT-fONTfrtcN Tj-fNOm *«-( ! *tJ- 00 rt rH 00 O cn h(N«(NrHTj-mHricoN io oconh Tf oo V soaoomoirtcyias-rt r- , h cn m rn i-i rH o CN ON a Ih CT\ ro O C\ ifi co CN m vo' Ov" < rt rt tn m cd _> 'u Ph S3 i ■S | mtnscsoct'rt-rtxnxnosmtn r-*>fcNO\ i m [Ol-^gytt VO GO q vOCNO©CNOr-ioocNi*n«Nrt o o >«n m o ONO-* p cn tS 0 OOrtCNrtO\cNrta\OVOi/->rt CN m "J rn rH 00 CO ON (N p g 8 X-0*C*HhHH«H rH (3\ rH rH *t Tf o n O cn Tf cn m •>-< th cn o Tf cn CN g VOcNmrtVOCvrHOOOONtN * h atnoocnt>insD,t'-in«t m VO s—iTfONVOrtONVOTfrtONrH e D -HmvOCNOCN-rHrHOOOVln cn cn rt ca u i—iMovrmmriin** tn r* c r\ ONr-ONONOvO'^-rH'-i Tf Tf cn O (M H < NOO»'t,t"n*-H'-ir>» i t rt CH rt ON Tf •* 11 l-H </> ON CN r. 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Tf ON t- t- co «n § t- Tf rH r- m © cn t- CN cN vD Tf cn CN © CN rH ON VO vD rH . CO Tf cN ON ON rH ON vp m cN Tf -* SO CN CN CN r-> cn -rf Tf t> Tf rt rn in m CN H H Tf cn in © m r- © vc oo vO rt rH rt VD cn r- cn rt On CN ri th © ON CN vo rH SO Tf CN •H H .in oo vo cn Ov cn m m m 00 (N Tf Tf r- on ON CO rH 2 CO vO CO —*. oo rt CO i a fl o •a U 6 § o E E 4> fl 0 *-^ m t- {*J s 0) a >, 1- >*, « ii **. ea § a c 'r-i U cfl ■o 9 ■i 1 rt rt ES, i ES .3 c § E 3 > * c tr j o °- 0 o 2 T3 ru o H v, 1, 2 fe. fa I -fl X | | II | *o M E E" § E 3 3 3 3 z z Z Z 80 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES so SO I f- o < ai > O O va ai u ►J o o a U o pi < a a VO 00 vc c***- IT vo vc — vC t- vo vc VO Tf © oc Tf Tf 3 VD ON © Hr*e rtTfvo cNmoN cn r- vc r- Tf rt VO ON Tf CNcNm cNcnm CNCNTf c rt ON cn o o> CN P~ CN 0C ©' H Tf fr rt CN m CN VO rH cN H Tf Tf CN rH 00 Tf j CN CO C CO CN r- in m h CN CN VC Tf Tf m O rH rt Os ON r l> J t- r- Tf f vo" m" " © CN Tf «n t-- t3 men© ! : -mmm i : VD © ON e m oo m ON VO C- 00 " 00 1 OS Tf ON rt C m cN c ii! : : I i i cn m O rt m rn Tf v- CN t> © ■ON Tf VO cn VC ON oo Tf m t»>r ; ooom cn rt v Tf rH © VD ON CN VD CN oc CN rt Ov i— Tf r*- r- m Tf rt o rH Tf CN r- Tf" CN O on cn m in © —i cn on ! ! vo r- CN vo O ON rH rt — CN CN rH ■ON VO CN ON rH Tf ON Tf *"■ OO a cn" cn" Tf" CN r— cn -rf rt Ov c © Tf Tf T~- 00 VO II r- Tf Tf VD ON m ->— Tf t: Tf VO rt CN CN r- CN -h ON rH \C vc 00 © rH CN ON tn co ON © VO ON r- «n © 00 Tf tr vp on Tf mm© ! ! VD rt c- ri Tf CO Tf in C cn m on r-4 © 00 © vo Os rH rH rt O CN CN Tf © if m" rt Tf ON OO CN cN r-oC cn m cn vdcn© »Hmm vo r- r- r^coo cNCNrt Tf cn S* © VD CO Tf Tf £ rt ON © ON rH rt © T °l Vp_ r- rt cn CH m cn tr on in m VO 00 vo r- vo : . ■ | vo r- VO r~ m o C- rt © ON rt CN VO H (N -25 ON ON f""4 CN r- © rH rt rt SO SC CN O CN VD m rH II ON CN © <n rt rt r- r- co t Tf so © vo r- r- oo rt ON ON oo c © VD^ rH CN m '-' c r-»T m" rt" CN o Cfl 5 c i c C a a a CJ cn <U c/ V <y sU . Cfi Ci 0 u Cfl V > & > .23 w [5 > !^ '5b ■St > .S3 '5 "5 > "M 4 > tfi ' > tfi > tfi > Cfl F tfi rt Ci H o >H JS Ill O rt Ci ~ a rt Ci — CJ rt <U Ut 2 5 J3 S 5 B o 3 o 3 ■a u ° a o g -a t> 9 a o 3 a o U O CJ CJ CJ ai u a> i cj Qj cfl — T Cfl •—I 1 , Cfl ^H UH -4H * IM<M J IMtW U fM <M » tw -JW « t*H «M rt ver— mber o mber o o o g 1 B«l cfl -° £ 1 la e t 1— umber o umber o ttendanc George- umber 0 umber o ttendanc Rupert- umber o umber o ricts— mber o mber o Total D33I: 9 3 3 t S25 a |zz< -£ a < u Z Z< |fcfc c rt rt o> -rt Z > tf Z Ph c- < (33) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 FOREST SERVICE LIBRARY, 1957-66 81 Classification Items Catalogued and Indexed rt a T £<2 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 45 266 109 155 214 1,417 48 177 159 133 230 1,139 43 142 165 130 302 1,502 39 123 200 115 274 999 31 92 135 134 375 878 29 113 140 151 378 911 23 191 110 151 370 1,165 30 146 92 151 380 1,263 41 158 73 151 419 1,371 31 207 60 151 422 1,476 36 Government reports and bulle- 162 Other bulletins and reports 124 142 336 References indexed 1,212 82 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES g Z O- Q w -? Q W Z I P CO W H g >—C 3 Oh 0*1 W O z o a 2 < ft M w 2 H 04 o b < Q O < m o ai < a a o OO u Tf r- m m © -SS2 Tf in vo vo c rt m tN oo m >— *:> © o" i-h cn oc Tf 5=3 3uo cn OS rt rt rr CO cn Tf ON VD VO Tf ON Tf /"} VD ON CN Tf ir ON oo r- co cn cc m E rt ON rH f- ON CN 0 ON CO ON Tf Tf r- p H vo cn on oo r- •n u 00"Tf r- VD cn S cn rt rt m vc © <u rt rH VD rH CN E u m in rn cn r- g rt oo"o" m m" > r^ co m o ')H Ph cn © cn oo > VD rH l> u Ih -a vo cn rt on rt T* C P 0 cn oo vo cN cn rt CN VO O rH rt in ON ri fC Tf t» O rH © C7\ Tf ON m cn cn on oo cn CN cn rt t-; 00 rt rt CN VO ON r> ON 00 os © Tf rH © © 00 «3 S? S cn CN vo m cn ON r- m rn m r- vo" O-Ju vo Tf cN O cn Tf H<< inhmhf ON VO~© cr W CN m Tf Tf CN Tf OV cn m cn © vo (^ vo © CN cn en m rt cn cn cn tr~ vd cn O H rH SO VO ON ON cn u vo m Tf SD CN vo 0 < cn cn rH ON CD cn o on co Tf Tf rH VO ON Tf 00 o < ON VO m <» oc ON rt" OO" r-T rn" \A CN 0 *Ih 00 C- Tf > Ph r"lr"t Tf tj rH rH 3 •a 0 a cn Tf m Tf © tn CN ON CN m co r- fi it t- tn vq Tf Tf vo o ONTf rn m"o\ o" C CN 00 VO ON Tf CN Tf rt Tf VD CN CN CN cn rt 00 - 3« dj wU Numb of Tree-fa Licenc iH H t> VD Tf t~- VD 00 cn CJ 5 -M o u O Oh o ■d o a rt tH 0 U tH CH a o 5«og o o u c d cj 0 cj •= i J J * 0 c/i e > p- Ph tf z I 3 .3 §Z 5j 4-1 J .O fl C <— ■n H 0 CA OJ O c 3 rt fl 2 a g * rt ru fi O 3 H a — REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 83 SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR CERTIFIED TREE-FARMS (48) (PRIVATE SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS) Tree-farms within Tree-farm Licences Number of Tree-farms within Tree-farm Licences Productive Area (Acres) Total Area (Acres) Mature Volume (MCu. Ft.) Estimated Productive Capacity (MCu. Ft.) District Mature Immature N.S.R. and N.C.C. Total Vancouver. Prince George 11 1 2 89,027 123 815 177,921 702 3,977 30,208 429 330 1 1 297,156 | 335,218 | 398,473 1,254 j 1,280 [ 331 5,122 | 5,951 | 5,881 ' 21,392 37 1150 Totals 14 89,965 182,600 30,967 303.532 1 342.449 1 404.685 21,579 Not Included within Tree-farm Licences Vancouver 23 9 139,792 91,408 1 251,645 | 182,158 1 42,205 4,944 433,642 278,510 461,545 472.297 1,132,497 1 30,094 194.545 1 4.052 Totals Grand totals... | (1,685,724) |(1,158,200) 32 231,200 433,803 | 47,149 712,152 933,842 ] 1,327,042 [ 34,146 [(1,685,724)1(1,158,200) 46 321,165 616,403 | 1 78,116 1,015,684 ■ 1,276,291 | 1,731,727 | 55,725 1 1 Figures in parentheses are Christmas trees. SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR FARM WOOD-LOT LICENCES W (PRIVATE SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS) District Number of Farm Wood-lot Licences Productive Area (Acres) Total Area (Acres) Total Mature Volume (M Cu. Ft.) Allowable Annual Cut (M Cu. Ft.) Crown Private Total Crown Private Total Vancouver „ . 15 6 15 5 6 2,105 1,923 3,425 1,614 1,697 277 475 193 146 777 2,382 2,398 3,618 1,760 2,474 3,293 4,188 3,840 1,960 2,599 4,242 2,508 6,327 1,525 il,331 145 1 4,387 133 | 2,641 105 | 6,432 18 j 1,543 280 | 1,611 89.6 41.2 Prince George 112.3 Kamloops. Nelson 36.0 34.7 Totals 47 10,764 15,880 15,933 681 | 16,614 313.8 (SO) SUMMARY OF BASIC DATA FOR PUBLIC SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS Forest District Number of Units Productive Area (Acres) Mature Total Productive (Including N.S.R. and N.C.C.) Total Area (Including Non-forest) (Acres) Mature Volume to Close- utilization Standards (M Cu. Ft.) Annual Commitment (M Cu. Ft.) Vancouver Prince Rupert (Coast) Prince Rupert (Interior).. Prince George Kamloops Nelson . Totals. 6 4 7 22 23 14 76 3,300,492 3,352,888 5,488,489 13,603,506 7,290,896 2,593,981 35,630,252 1,365,564 261,968 3,075,851 12,312,454 5,126,826 3,864,333 9,127,113 27,561,027 10,465,762 | 21,364,769 4,792,863 I 8,492,169 10,187,028 11,699,421 14,076,337 39,228,995 28,529,898 14,071,376 32,274,472 75,536,237 117,793,055 I 26,736,4481 | 151,476 23,253,1961 23,001,0102 41,639,5762 20,910,2512 10,323,8312 145,864,312 42,268 51,467 214,543 127,735 67,335 654,824 1 Volume 9.1"4-d.b.h. to close utilization. 2 Volume 7.1"+d.b.h. to close utilization. 84 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES pq ai B o < Ph z a aa Q Q 3 t < S p -a 1 -+H 3 ° n Cfl Vi 3 w s H *5 Q g .■1—1 H Vi n 04 O Uh *< LH m 3 o o m rt o 0 en 3 fl> •a a § *a w CO % z -a to a *oQ o-s © m m vo r-i rn oo m rn cn cN cn cn m on Tf m Tjr^ ©^ vo^ m tn rt cn" ©" vo" m" vo" rt rH CN rH rH m CN rH rH cn © rt vp r- cn Tf cN 00 Tf r- o on cN cn cn Os rt cn r^ i—i on" *h t> rt t> ri m © rn on rH cN m CN rH rt cn rn m m Tf m 00 t> rt rt © Tf m CO CN vd vO rt CO VO rt rH r^ m cn rH cn m on oo vd cN as cn oo Tf rt Tf ON r- rH Tf vo rt VO "-H r- rt m •H ON © ns OO rt CN 00 ,_, m o CN CN Tf vo 00 r- t- Tf rN CO Q Tf Os vo vo o CN VD © CN CN on ON (H VO m oo t> vo cS oo rn vo ON vo t- co Tf cn rH ON rH Tf m rH rt Tf vo" t**? r- h vd" ti tn ov m cN cn MciCN Tf Tf © cn m t> rH rt OO C- CO CN OS rt 00 rtrt© © Tf VD CN f- Tf rt Tf as so Os Os © O vo rtTf- r» CO © r- Tf c «n CN m rH ve r- CN ^ rt VD in vo rt in m vn m rt vn rN M ^ VD r- vo rt _^ in r*- on VO Tf © rH <N r*i CN ,_l rt m ; oo co m ! oo in cn ! VO ON m ] V"l VO rH ; oo m co i 00 Tf rH rt rt C r- r- < in O vo © Tf co . m cn r- m in f- CO VO © on m ■n rt ■n fN CN 1-1 *"* vD 00 O 00 DO m 3 Tf O in m vn CN ■H m O fN ON VO vn in CO ON 00 on t-~ CN CN CO rH © vO 1-1 m •a .-« -g a a ,2, ■BlSo ■s.-Sfo 00.5 S c — ta II o la !** T-l 8-a J-0--S 'S S o g § u ¥ o M S « u*o M > £ m - g K fill - "3 B h - 5 ao J "*aa h y rt i- a 3* _-so 2 g *o o o .a La » a a ■Si* > x a H « 3 u JT 0>a T2 9 a g ca « -* o c cn 0 O I? 8 BW o •o . -3 a ^ 'a «?3 a o 3 (9 r C xj boa u 111* •S 9 *S o 5 C .5 "2 "a 2 1*3*5 1 lS-SFI i ja-o ^* « c 6 SSI ft 3 2 w cu cu Et Q rt a a no S J •h S O ■H' •"o gs *o « 3 a a 3 .9« u a iSn M •2.2 rt o *CJ tS *-■ >" ID r •o ..- «*a o H '5 9 a i n c *n a ri n II o •3*53.3 tfi Ih Ui W Ph Ph m O Ih rt tt X ■. •.T3 jh lit 3 S5 S •o *o £ c a rt t|i w a s « o sa . 3 3 £ •-£ K-giH 3 ■• D*m9 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 85 so so ti a « a 55 3 < w m a 3 - w o SQ s -2 u u vp rt cuvo m Tf a tx. m Tf Tt c ON VC cr rJ u- Os CN — tr m o Vp ON 0C oo m ©CNOO©VOrHOO©C © r~ vo cn ©^ ox r* 6 voo©incN©\DCN©vpmr~-osoocNTfVDt—m© rHinooTfrH^oor-rHcncNm cn vO On on Tf oo co su ri i oo vo r- m" cn rn <n cn t- mm Tf ro on" **> ,—' r- vp m©rtcncnO\rH rH CN VO -H m rH ,-T © © tN cn rH Tf 00 OO 1 Tf © OO ! , rt rH ON VO CO © rt 527 | ,581 ,777 ,145 387 ,998 ,872 99 ,804 ,283 ,941 ,462 ,398 291 f- j 00 Tf CN ! ! rt VO rH J m © cs rn r- oo vd m 8 CN OV rH fs Tf [-- Q i-H Tf ! 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(Conversion factors: Coast—6 f.b.m.=1 cu. ft.; Interior—5.75 f.b.m.=1 cu. ft.) (53A) (All products converted to f.b.m.) Forest District 10-year Average, 1957-66 1965 1966 Increase Decrease Net Increase 3,816,797,385 517,647,025 4,489,965,270 659,941,062 4,668,599,676 790,161,720 178,634,406 130,220,658 Prince Rupert (C.) ... .. Totals, Coast ... 4,334,444,410 5,149,906,332 5,458,761,396 308,855,064 308,855,064 309,234,857 950,550,779 1,214,817,655 703,133,606 402,968,493 1,210,468,621 1,358,088,653 908,545,897 427,750,251 1,265,723,608 1,349,400,220 939,828,243 24,781,758 55,254,987 8,688,433 31,282,346 Totals, Interior 3,177,736,897 3,880,071,664 3,982,702,322 111,319,091 8,688,433 102,630,658 7,512,181,307 9,029,977,996 9,441,463,718 411,485,722 TOTAL AMOUNT OF TIMBER SCALE BILLED IN BRITISH COLUMBIA DURING THE YEARS 1965 AND 1966 IN CUBIC FEET (Conversion factors: Coast—6 f.b.m. =il cu. ft.; Interior—5.75 f.b.m.='l cu. ft.) (53B) (All products converted to cubic feet.) Forest District 10-year Average, 1957-66 1965 1966 Increase Decrease Net Increase 636,132,897 86,274,504 748,327,545 109,990,177 778,099,946 131,693,620 29,772,401 21,703,443 Prince Rupert (C.) 722,407,401 858,317,722 909,793,566 51,475,844 51,475,844 53,779,975 165,313,179 211,272,636 122,284,105 70,081,477 210,516,282 236,189,331 158,007,982 74,391,348 220,125,845 234,678,299 163,448,390 4,309,871 9,609,563 Kamloops 1,511,032 5,440,408 Totals, Interior. 552,649,895 674,795,072 692,643,882 19,359,842 1,511,032 17,848,810 1,275,057,296 1,533,112,794 1,602,437,448 69,324,654 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 87 (S4A) SPECIES CUT, ALL PRODUCTS, 1966, CONVERTED TO F.B.M. Forest District Fir Cedar Spruce Lodgepole Pine Hemlock Balsam White Pine 1,257,787,032 30,363,642 909,481,878 128,635,380 70.966.518 510.912 1,613,391,348 338,777,010 699,582,714 75,019,026 25,260,924 Prince Rupert (C.) 196,693,908] 74,418 Totals, Coast— 1,288,150,67411,038,117,258 267,660,426] 585,330 1,952,168,358| 774,601,740] 25,260,924 Prince Rupert (I.) Prince George 6,883'| 35,195,566 125',016,667[ 4,991,851 713,417,594| 54,289,068 143,043,290| 110,181,937 121,239,032] 90,480,448 826,680,714| 263,814,266 312,639,293| 122,871,675 349,243,972 39,835,621 105,602,08S| 68,945,467| 44,125 296,257| 40,3'80,738j 288,840 32,852,217| 47,065,941| 9,488,132 107,975,110] 77,016,828] 22,128,214 Totals, Interior 981,484,434] 204,658,422 l,609,8O3,011| 517,002,010 246,725,669] 233,408,974] 31,949,311 Grand totals 2,269,635,10811,242,775,680 1 1,877,463,437| 517,587,340 [ 2,198,894,027jl,008,010,714 1 57,210,235 Forest District Yellow Pine Cypress Larch Hardwood Cottonwood Unspecified Total 58,632 56,657,112 6,579,432 77,952 5,069,148 16,074,846 23,254,026 4,668,599,676 Prince Rupert (C.) 4,445,538 790,161,720 Totals, Coast- 58,632 61,102,650 6,657,384 21,143,994 23,254,026|5,458,761,396 | 40,359 156,693 542,852 50,175 6,196,286 4,097,582 315,612 427,750,251 ...1 ... ... 1,265,723,608 46,757,580 8,457,042 9,160,256 81,394,729 1,349,400,220 939,828,243 Nelson ..... _ 501,325 55,214,622 90,554,985 790,079 11,110,805 3,982,702,322 Grand totals. 55,273,254 61,102,650 90,554,985 7,447,463 32,254,799 23,254,026 9,441,463,718 (54B) SPECIES CUT, ALL PRODUCTS, 1966, IN CUBIC FEET (Conversion factors: Coast—6 f.b.m.=:l cu. ft.; Interior—5.75 f.b.m.-=l cu. ft.) Forest District Fir Cedar Spruce Lodgepole Pine Hemlock Balsam White Pine Vancouver Prince Rupert (C.) 209,631,172 5,060,607 151,580,313 21,439,230 11,827,753 32,782,318 85,152 12,403 268,898,558 56,462,835 116,597,119 12,503,171 4,210,154 Totals, Coast... 214,691,779] 173,019,543 44,610,0711 97,555 325,361,393| 129,100,290| 4,210,154 Prince Rupert (I.)_ Prince George Kamloops. 1,197 21,742,029 124,072,625 24,877,094 6,120,968 868,148 9,441,577 19,162,076 21,085,049 143,770,559 54,372,051 60,738,082 15,735,730 45,880,742 21,368,987 6,927,934 18,365,5801 11,990,516| 7,674 51,523] 7,022,737| 50,233 5,713,429| 8,185,381| 1,650,110 18,778,280| 13,394,231] 3,848,385 Totals, Interior 170,692,945| 35,592,769 279,965,741] 89,913,393 42,908,812] 40,592,865| 5,556,402 Grand totals 385,384,724| 208,612,312 1 324,575,812] 90,010,948 1 368,270,205] 169,693,155| 9,766,556 I 1 Forest District Yellow Pine Cypress Larch Hardwood Cottonwood Unspecified Total 9,772 9,442,852 740,923 1,096,572 12,992 844,858 2,679,141 3,875,671 778,099,946 Prince Rupert (C.) 131,693,620 Totals, Coast.. 9,772 10,183,775 1,109,564 3,523,999 3,875,671| 909,793,566 Prince Rupert (I.) '] 7,019 27,251 94,409 8,726 1,077,615 712,623 74,391,348 220,125,845 234,678,299 163,448,390 . .1 Kamloops 8,131,753 1,470,790 1,593,088 14,155,605 54,889 87,187 Nelson . . . ..... Totals, Interior 9,602,543] 15,748,693 137,405 1,932,314 „| 692,643,882 Grand totals 9,612,315 10,183,775 15,748,693 1,246,969 5,456,313 3,875,671 il ,602,437,448 1 8 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES TOTAL SCALE OF ALL PRODUCTS BILLED IN 1966 IN F.B.M. <S5A) (SEGREGATED BY LAND STATUS AND FOREST DISTRICTS) Land Status Vancouver Prince Rupert (Coast) Prince Rupert (Interior) Prince George Kamloops Nelson Total Timber licences .— Timber berths Timber leases Pulp leases Pulp licences _. Farm wood-lots Timber sales Pulp timber sales Tree-farm licences Beachcomb, trespass.... No mark visible Miscellaneous Sub-totals, Crown lands Federal lands Crown grants— To 1887 _ 1887-1906 1906-1914 1914 to date Totals 1,075,247,232 86,693,526 186,083,508 79,572,684 19,862,010 29,844 1,126,352,418 108,319,884 I I I 15,897,962| 13,252,479| 26,272,613]1,238,990,170 35,354,838 37,447,020 587,897,376 41,086,050 193,302,882 2,539,896 320,543,982 242,148,528 12,374,718 1,709,567 287,957,481 112,141,595 52,869,899 457,861 125,051 1,028,230,956 910,073,355 31,791,8771 80,852,860| 87,099,977 1 6,184,303 27,841,425 24,336,432 3,398,667,426 756,188,970 407,992,946 36,659,309 113,252 506,006,658 248,894,155 8,791,946 176,222,734 186,083,508 114,927,522 57,309,030 2,435,575 4,179,164,850 31,791,877 1,359,034,491 41,086,050 193,302,882 82,068,720 1,185,072,941)1,087,757,193 826,737,933 7,662,417,409 18,922,776 1,098,604,470 48,536,262 13,205,622 90,663,120 13,859,664 2,193,907 78 6,586,602 4,529,484 8,996,922 163,754 4,330,670 13,068,974 2,367,0571 34,924,672 I 330,895] 51,018,761 663,6941 23,806,794 6,825,146| 48,722,499 70,463,875| 103,170,301 1,525,774 12,676,255 51,601,224 9,522,776 37,764,281 4,668,599,676 790,161,720]427,750,251 I 1,265,723,60811,349,400,220[939,828,243 I 73,793,850 1,162,630,459 131,358,330 87,136,197 324,127,473 9,441,463,718 TOTAL SCALE OF ALL PRODUCTS BILLED IN 1966 IN CUBIC FEET (SEGREGATED BY LAND STATUS AND FOREST DISTRICTS) (55B) (Conversion factors: Coast—16 f.b.m. = 1 cu. ft.; Interior-H5.75 f.b.m.=l cu. ft.) Land Status Prince Rupert (Coast) Prince Rupert (Interior) Prince George Kamloops Nelson Total Timber licences— Timber berths j,— Timber leases .._'..v— Pulp leases —'.— Pulp licences Farm wood-lots Timber sales Pulp timber sales Tree-farm licences Beachcomb, trespass— No mark visible Miscellaneous Sub-totals, Crown lands Federal lands Crown grants— To 1887. _ 1887-1906 — 1906-1914 — 1914 to date Totals _ 179,207,872 14,448,921 31,013,918 13,262,114 3,310,335 4,974 187,725,403 18,053,314 5,892,473 6,241,170 53,423,997 297,316 50,079,562 97,982,896 40,358,088 6,847,675 32,217,147 423,316 2,062,453 19,502,886 566,444,571 3,153,796 183,100,745 8,089,377 2,200,937 15,110,520| 1,075,531 126,031,495 70,955,295 2,309,944 13 1,097,767 754,914 1,499,487 381,549 28,479 753,160 2,272,865 778,099,946 131,693,620] 74,391,348 I 2,764,863 79,628 178,822,775 5,529,022 14,061,367 4,841,987 206,099,642 411,662 2,304,779 9,194,765 4,569,150 6,375,532 21,748 158,273,627 19,696 88,001,158 15,147,822 43,285,940 4,232,423| 1,529,034 206,899,978 30,019,218 31,013,918 19,154,587 9,551,505 423,362 716,326,522 5,529,022 230,338,999 6,847,675 32,217,147 14,164,744 I 189,175,164|143,780,510 1,302,486,677 6,073,856] 265,352 57,547 8,872,8281 2,204,566 115,425 4,140,312] 8,974,126 1,186,982| 8,473,478| 1,656,135 12,254,587| 17,942,661| 6,567,701 220,125,8451 234,678,299]163,448,390 1,602,437,448 12,596,159 194,235,699 22,445,486 15,025,606 55,647,821 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 89 b B 1/1 g 0 Z •< Vi X P § pq O g 2 3 Q a 3 o o a co P 3 m Q I co w I CO c* a CQ a rH Tf (N CT\ VO Tf m tr- oo © CN (N © Tt 00 r- ^ tN fl >n Ov CN _^ V^ C7\ VO VP Tf © O ON 0 VO 00 00 o on Tf r^ Tf co cs Tj- m ov © rt Ov 00 CN cN tr- as rt Tf vo rt m r- Tf Ov 00 00 OV OV Tf © CO rt ^ to 00 on m tt O cN r* O Tf CN rt 00 VO ov co oo m co CN m Tf rt CO t— Tf m co cN m m m co co "3 r-" r-" Tf r-^ oC Tf CN CO rt © m f- VP rt co© oo rn m in oo o co oo 00 rH CO VD 00 © m 00 m r- CN Tf Ov Tf ON VO rt Ov OV rn Tf o Ov r*- to Tf cn oo Tf ov r» CO rt © Tf m rt CO vp CO o to^vp m ©^ Ov m t- vo CN VO CO CO rt ON VO rt m cn ov vo Tf CO O Tf r- 00 00 Tf H rl*d0O CO OCOrt rt CN Ov CN Tf CN CO O m oo co Tf O cn m co CN CO CN CN o in r- Os Os CO rn vp r- COrt CN tr- rt CO Tf in vo m © cN Q VD CO vp co m r* i—1 rH CN CN CN CN rH rH •rt ri ri ri CO TO rH 0\ VO ov cn m r- r-» rn © ov m Ov VD Ov ! 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Ov m co on fj rt Tf © to Ov vo Tf m CN I CN •* m vp cn Ov CN CO Tf m ov co m r- os -m ov co ov rt © .as co cn m r- vo co m ov Tf t— th cn m t— oo >•. rH CO © O CO rt so CN ! rt ov r- m rn rt CN Ov O CN O 00 ON O Ov VO co to 00 cn m vo Tf r- r-* rt © © r> m cn co vo Ov '. tr- © VO CO rt CN © OO © Tf rt OV CO CN CO vp ^J t"- CO CN tN r> m^ cs tN rt 3 r» 00 CN Tf rt m oo cN j vo CO O rt CO r- r- to ov VO ON Tf CO CO f- Tf rt tf cn" ov" i-n m" O rH cn m VO 00 © CN OV Tf t- f- CO (N Tf Ov rt ON CO 00 rt cn 00 t-- © © © rt d © m f* rt © r-» co I in CN rt -rt CO © m © r* r- cn to cn <^Lrt m Tf © CO VO^ H» CN Tf CN Ov t- I ov cs r- t~- co Ov O C- Ov rt CN rt rt VO" ©" ri CN* O CN Tf CN CO H CN tN O CN th rti rt rH I <rt 1 : H | <HH 'rt «s 4h ■rt d ] 3 d 3 3 3 3 y J O o 1 U U U (J , I J3 w 1 ^2 *■* ry. u tn 53 j3 tn 1 lH Ih tt 8x .s«*g 3.5 c u 3 •a o 5 M 4> ft 3 3 « 3 .E 0 fl u ft 3 8^ 8« H.Sc o D -a £ a. — Cij o u Sx 4 a •*• o 1 s <*H .2 C o 3 -a o Ih I •* - 8j is* ■^2*0 3 .S c u 3 •a 0 Ih ft 0 f 8 8 4H t*~t "2*S 3 .5 c a 3 •a 0 Ih rt 33 4 a 1 1 .2 c O 3 ■a c ih a S*1* > C h- 0 Ph <_ M c Oh L iJ C <.S|L Oh 0 ■- L < L L- <- z C 1- G < 0 h- L < 90 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES VOLUME OF WOOD REMOVED UNDER RELOGGING AT REDUCED ROYALTY (S7) AND STUMPAGE, 1957-66, IN THOUSANDS OF CUBIC FEET (1957-63—Vancouver Forest District only. 1964-66—Vancouver and Prince Rupert Forest Districts.) Salvage Wood Salvage Wood Year (MCu. Ft.) Year (MCu. Ft.) 1957 3,663 1962 2,580 1958 1,427 1963 3,217 1959 1,257 1964 5,224 1960 1,976 1965 6,987 1961 1,813 1966 6,135 Ten-year average, 1957-66: 3,428 M cu. ft. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 91 8 Tf m s- Tf CO ON VO m rt © Tf ovmcomovi-iovavin© Tf tn VDTfr~-t-TfovCNTfOvVp m tt f- CNCOOOOOTfOOTfrtTf Tf c o ©inr-inr-t-oo©©© oo H< OCNONOOf-voOJOOrtOv Tf Tfco©"vp"rt"vo"©"co"oNm" VD" rtcoTfTfinmvovof-oo in a VOrtrtCNCNf-|VDt--Tft- m th r^O\Tf©TfcNCO©TfCO m O CD r-comcof~rtVDcoovCN t- ~ tn II ©OvVOt-tO©©©rtVD CN cNooom©Tftovococo o 11 oortVDcN(NovmONr*m © ss Vh oo" ci ■* o' vd m" m" o' ov <n ON Pt cNcocoTfTfTfrnvDvpc— Tf *«T3 "a 3'?. I* Z° 3 oortTff-looofjrtinvo rt CM mvovpr~-f-coooooc~-t~- r- a coooovmrt©Tf©cocN m > co©mt>OvTfcNmi>co vp ■£, tn TfrtOrtOvOvrtOvOVVP ©^ 3 U ©COCNCNrHTfTfTfrtCN co" el la"0 Ph ft o £ is TfrtOtNOt^comrHf- TfmmmmmmmmTf m rO rtooTfcovpoortmm tN |c m©rtCNr>vocosrtvor^ r- tt vomcNCNTfOvmOv©<rt 00 g 3£ ©rtcOONVovOrtONOm i3 CO00Q000ON©CNrtCNrt. © ll s< CM ■jHtH 6 z* COf*OVTfCNVOVD00(Nf- rt oo h* r> ov co o Tf ■* "ci •* CNCNCNcSCNcOrtrtrtrt CO tt rt-rtOrtTfvpcNrtCNcN m > ovoo©oovovortinmm CO t3 ui rtsotNmrHvoc-mTf-rt CO o tt •H inovcor--mmcNcNONCN © [/) ©ON©OTfVOf~COOrt oo a rt rt («H coTfmmmvpvovpr>t— in £ tt Ci z* invpvpincNcNinoo-rtCN m rtf-JCSf-lCNCNCNcNCOrt CN rHcooNvpTf*rtTfmr--ON Ov o > rof~t— ovONOvr-oot— r- oo CNC--OvTfmrtr-vpinm CO *°j-i rtOV'rtrtr--Tf©VPVOrt oo Is &3 r--Tfmoortmt*-Tfovrt oo CO rtCO^O^©^©^O^rtt~^VO_ oo Tf in -/^ sD t> K K K CO ON vo" £*3 1* rtr^vor^oNONONovoco vp CNCNcococortrtcOTfco rt VC SC tr- m ON i tt > D 00 a tt a % rt rt tt >> a r- oc a c ]« C" T ir VO m tr IT VO VO VC VC VC vc VD 0" Q> a a c a- a a o- Os. o a S o <U rt g-5 fl w< 92 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES w m < a < p z z < D m > o ai CL, < Pi w Q Z P Q « < P4 W o Vi < ai < O Vi t- O P Q O c< Oh J LH < Lm o cu lJ <! o */! o h m v CO r- »— © tr- vo c rt VO cNooONf-»r-©rtvor>o m oOrtOvOTfrtcoinrtoo m rtOvinmrtf»coTfovm VD CirG •>-} rtvoOOOrtVOOv'Jm'ON •rtoortco©©rtCNCOr> m & J m H C-vOrtONCNOCNrtrtrt Tf mcNCNinvoOrtONOOv 00 rtTfmvot--ON©^ Ovrt© tr- ri ri ri «J TfV0.T-O©O©rHVPCN COTfCOO©OOrt[--0 vp y f£j <u mcNOvovD©ovooor- m Ph G (A CNsOOOOONTfrts—icNVO t- ONr^TfocNmovTfovTf CO i#a OOOOOCNOOrtVpTfov o sp 3 r^TfCNmTfr--cor-r--© 0 ©mrtOomcNco©ooTf r- IM-0 CNCNcocOTfmvOvovpvo Tf a Ph ife OOrHTfCNOOOCNrtmVO CO z° mvovoi>r-cooocor-r> tr- j_, cn o 0 u rH vOVOVDOOr-rtCOCNvpCO rHOsr>vor~-©t-moovD co P rtcovprtmr~-\omTfOv ©^ o o s 3 u ©OvmcNTff*cocovpvo co OrtOONTfr-vpinwvp Ov rttN CN CN CN CN CN rt " i H rt £ «H TfcoocNor>rtmrtr^ ,_, tt TfinminmmmmmTf •n . t/*: ., ry; ©OrtrtTfoocooocooo vo 1 uj5 fi ^a£ 3>7*-*rt ooovrtinrtovvpTfr- 00 mr-vDmcNvDrtrtVDrt 6 CSCNt-ONrtrt©mf-ON Ov tn a a OVTfcNmCNOvOrt c CNrtrtrtCNrtCSCN d H rt Ih CA CJ SJ voTfTfr^vpcNrtvpvpoo N s £1 Ci oor^oovoNrtmcNr-ov 00 IP l-s cNoomvpt>mc-r> oot> f) OOCOOOmTfCNOrtONTf ff ON©ONONrtinrtrt©ON Ov J3 rt TfTfrtTfTfmvommTf Tf u rt u Ph , IS for*ovTfcNvovococNr> rt oor-f~ONOo©TfTfinTf CNCNtNtNCNCOrtrtrtrt to ^J ©o©©©oo©r-r-> 0©00©OOOrtrt m u tt Tf ©©©©OOOOt-f- in r>cooococNooinrtr—co CN 1 o cNov©ooTfr-©Tfcom !§ mmcospoovpcommo ©^ n 3 cor-©cN(--mcoTfovin rt t S Ih H 0 cNc-lcococNcocOrtrtTf rt z° mvovomcNcNmcOrHcN rtCNCNCNCNCNf-lCNcOrt CN tt u C w mrtmovTfovoNrtTfrH S r^Tfcomovovco©r-cN £ H VI Tf Tf (N ITl VO Tf Cs| Tf Tf tt CN©tN©C-f-rtVOcNco CO u CJ CNvpTfrtrtinrt©vpcN rti !a VDCNr-TfON©VOOO©vo CO 3 mTfoortOvt>m©Tfm o g CJ CNTff»Tfr>rtvpinr>0 00 -rt^HrticNcNrtcocOrtTf CN g tt g § tt rtt>vDf~ONOvOvOvOCO vD fH CNcNcocortrtrtrtTfrt CO VC T c- m ov Ih v—1 a a tt >* CC rt u tt ra rt rt tt ih a hi t- ■x. 0 © f rt -d V VO ifl \r m SO ^D SC VP V£ VP VO Os a Os O Os Os ON a Os Ov e 3 ra c •w u OJ ;3 J3 g 3 rt u 3 •a £ S fi - s 0 2 " a£ o ogc 1 8 -S3 ■rt y^ « & 3 S rt u a fi rt M 0) *V « h S.;3 „LJ« 2ol > W f^ .*- <u {J ^ *o _ 5 3*3 o 73 8 x c O rt CA CH (60) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 LOGGING INSPECTIONS, 1966 93 Type of Tenure Operated Number of Inspections Made Forest District Timber Sales Leases, Licences, Crown Grants, and Other Tenures Total Timber Sales Other Tenures Total 1,057 728 1,431 1,704 646 1,559 460 2,119 1,453 583 2,616 1,188 3,550 3,157 1,229 3,414 2,710 6,425 3,509 2,535 3,378 518 971 2,856 1,853 6,792 3,228 7,396 6,365 4,388 Totals, 1966 5,566 6,174 11,740 18,593 9,576 28,169 Totals, 1965 6,231 6,514 12,745 17,869 6,365 24,234 Totals, 1964 6,557 6,560 13,117 17,789 13,311 31,100 Totals, 1963 6,926 7,168 14,094 18,021 7,189 25,210 Totals, 1962 7,079 6,645 13,724 18,602 6,353 24,955 Totals, 1961 7,088 6,463 13,551 18,330 6,242 24,572 Totals, 1960_ ~ 7,249 5,120 12,369 (!) (!) 26,151 Totals, 1959 6,273 4,898 11,171 (!) (!) 26,912 Totals, 1958 5,936 4,341 10,277 (!) C1) 23,802 Totals, 1957 7,503 5,940 13,443 (!) (!) 25,253 Ten-year average, 1957-66 6,641 5,982 12,623 26,036 i No breakdown made prior to 1961. 94 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Vi Ui Vi Vi < Oh Vi Ui ai H ^ p° r- Cs m Tf VO r- r- ■n tN Tf w cn VC 3 5 ON VO Tf VO 00 tn ON Tf r; Tf CN vc VO 00 O co m vp" fi © rt © -rf r- © ON vd ir~ vo vd t^ Tf fi -4 r^ © rt m Ov rt Tf Tf Cs ON rt in ON in to rt m ov Tf rH f- in Tf ON © Tf t— Tf m co vo CN OV Tf" r- t~~ ©' ©" ©" CN |a cs m rt m -rt r> to |oo m Cs Tf CN <^ CO m r* tN CN ri (N ?s CN CN rt CN «■ » •w* » «■ V? sW- «• rt rt •6«- m 4*4 © ^£i*=MiS Tf | | | rt U*l m CO f- © Zo " *3 •a il ! 00 m cn •o © 00 tn op CO CN tN ro j 00 rn CO i m 00 ON Tf 1 0 P S! 00 CO a>t—i ri tN CN CN « 0 m 8 fl OV Os m Tf n w u tt To w-ii Ph 1/1 : 1 a 00 © CN t> CO r- Tf vo 3 Tf" m tj ON Ov CN CN rt" r-" r- CO CN CN Ih °5 Tf : ! : © ' © CO 00 i in in co Tf ON rt H CO : cn ON **) CO VO vc 8 VC 00 s g ON ,» VO tN ri cjv so Tf 00 to 0 ri i co rt £* r~~ Tf r> rt $ vfi CN r N CN 10 Tf « VC vo rt n r* is" C rt qj 6SH m rt M ro Tf Tf m ON CO 00 f- s >P VO 00 rt cN 1 © CN ON Tf rt ON ON Ov ON CN rt rt Tf CN r- ON CN VO v» OO VC ON 3 00 fi ro vc o" 00 Ov vp Tf I> ^h" 0 *"* *-' r^ ^ CN " 1-1 tt V) > 1 1 > m CO to ^ w 1 tt ) j r-i t- fH VO t" d H Tf VC ©_ O tN rt" CN CN ^ a Tf 8 Cs Ov Tf CO m r> r- i i t- CO m Ih CO ! j rt © Os to 8 Tf rt o j I ro Tf F» rt rt CO m Q i CO CN *~~' in vo cs tt a Ph mm m © Tf -Tf m rt 1 § § 3 © CN Tf CN © CO 8. © Tf m m CN 00 ON Tf © •n ■a tt 3 m" vd" r- m Tt vd VP 00 ON f> VC VC co" sO o\ m rO r- Tf CN fl CO cN rt rJ ., tt VP 00 CN CN ON r- 3C m CO ON m in Tf r- tt CN CO m VP rt » •n r* © © to r- CO r- Ut © m rt r- co ON r^ CO CO d\ © Cs C-; co tt © vo r~- t— co CO to U-s. Tf 06" Ov ^ ov m s-H rt oo OC Cs CN 00 t- to CO Tf Tf Tf •Q © cn vp m vo © q © m Tf rJl Os. 00 5 Tf Tf rt Tf Tf CO co" CN Tf Tf co rt 3§S CO OV rH VO CN P> CO © CO 00 co m fl e- tt © vo rt in oo Tf m co c- co cl 3 VC m QO VD co to m 0 in t-; rN ON VC Tf © 00 < Csf Tf fi rt Tf Tf Tf VO vo" CO Tf W »n VC vC Tf t~~ rt O CO CO POO 3 tt 2 Ua O Tf vo cN rt vp cn vo ov © m CO Tf CN CO fl vo CN Tf Tf m m m VO ■n VC m ■S o r- "C m Ov a tt" u u rt tH s m Tf rt c< ^ Os! CO r- u Ph $ K vpvovovovpin'nm Si OvOvOvOvOvOvOvOv rH^HrHrtrtrHrHrHrtlrH rt VI tfi tfi tfi tfi tfi Cfi tfi tfi tfi V t U rt rt rt rt rt rt rt rt « rt 1, — — — — ■<— — « -i_> ■<-■' +h a. a tt -2 <- tt 00OO0 OOOOOtt HHHHHHHHHHH 5*0 s O tt tt o c 0 a c S E tt > Ph 0- M Z REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 95 AREAS EXAMINED BY THE FOREST SERVICE FOR MISCELLANEOUS (62) PURPOSES OF THE LAND ACT, 1966 Forest District Applications for Foreshore Leases Applications to Purchase Miscellaneous Totals Number Acres Number Acres Number Acres Number Acres Vancouver 11 10 156 69 ~ 3 ~92 5 1 46 5 16 14 202 166 Totals 21 225 3 92 6 51 30 368 (63) AREAS CRUISED FOR TIMBER SALES, 1966 Forest District Number Cruised Acreage Saw- timber (MC.F.) Pit- props, Poles, and Piles (Lin. Ft.) Shingle- bolts and Cord- wood (Cords) Car Stakes. Ties, Posts, Shakes, Etc. (No.) Vancouver 366 173 209 187 63 46,816 54,326 89,593 73,958 96,328 142,155 88,302 197,074 83,582 168,373 59,000 73,000 162,100 1,545,000 1,835,000 4,297 16,992 3,046 1,340 235,044 461,700 15,000 Kamloops —- 125,500 Totals, 1966 998 361,021 679,486 3,674,100 | 25,675 837,244 Totals, 1965 1,357 496,254 951,995 2,650,400 | 7,616 987,100 Totals, 1964 - 1,709 661,821 1,107,428 2,944,004 | 25,154 478,520 Totals, 1963 1,862 716,699 1,165,976 3,887,525 | 32,519 656,680 Totals, 1962 1,871 615,500 921,710 18,508,084 | 19,340 564,865 Totals, 1961 1,892 720,144 1,027,243 7,687,920 | 14,798 1,419,285 Totals, 1960 2,122 767,351 1,142,479 8,807,614 | 29,050 1,419,179 Totals, 1959 2,317 681,550 877,370 7,387,960 | 27,753 1,151,275 Totals, 1958 1,922 609,563 890,285 8,772,888 | 24,316 1,181,149 Totals, 1957 2,582 781,748 1,171,283 16,099,489 | 39,254 1,244,342 Ten-year average, 1957-66 1,863 641,165 993,525 8,041,998 f 24,547 993,964 (64) TIMBER-SALE RECORD, 1966 Forest District Sales Made Sales Closed Total Sales Existing Total Area (Acres) Area Paying Forest- protection Tax (Acres) Total 10-per-cent Deposit Vancouver 293 135 158 175 65 560 232 299 350 186 1,336 859 1,037 1,442 573 526,460 361,500 603,741 897.771 503,716 333,461 531,233 859.423 $5,883,482.15 1,617,136.18 Prince George 2,648,611.85 3,559,848.09 Nelson 563,204 529,403 2,044,907.23 Totals... - 826 300 1,627 5,247 2,952,676 2,757,236 $15,753,985.50 1,126 | I 96 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES o 00 p- Tf © CO ON NO 00 VO CO . CO f © r- SB ~ 3 Tf CN rH OV ON p~ es t^- CO ' CN Tf CA VC Ov rt f- Tf r- VO Tf Ov r- ON m rt CO rt CN ,°*S cs m O oo rt CO Ov p- CO vo" CO r- ON CN Ov P^" H.P Tf rt (N CO Tf tN ON vC r- 00 rt 00 P- > rH CO m CO P- VO m co Tf vo ■o vq vO VP V) vp ejjS m : co rt co © rt Tf CN CO 2*5 « eJj © i CN © © rt rt «n ri Tf CN o CO Tf Tf r- m" tt rt mom E 3 ■3 > CN CO 00 CN V0 © CO © in o CO Tf A CN f- CO CN rt rt DO NO VO © vO r-* m CC p- CN 8 vp CN ON vp 3 a CO ■* " rt P- CO rt *•> i o ill .29 « 3 P"*J 00 VD OV m © © in CN <n ■X r> sd CN Ov m Tf 00 © Tf P-; rt ON vd CN CO DO 0 "S3 h^2 o oo rn m Tf *x SO sO ^_, rt CO ON *H VO m vp § 3 0 > m rt CN (f) CN 00 CO CC vp t- SO Tf Tf CO S *og» Tf CN rt vo CO CO t- oo tn OV CO p^ CN rt *h£ CN ri ri Tf ©" ■Os' ri vo" Os Tf co" CO CN m CO tt" S 3 "o VO m «n eo P- © ON Tf m ._, S-a r- Tf co ov C*; m OS ON •H CO rt vq t-; © VO m > to „*, ai o CO ON VO* ON Vp Ov Ov m Ov Os p^ vd CO I> CO vd *» ft, 3g phu Os * 00 00 CN 00 rt Ov C?) r- ON p- CC CO ON oo u m p- p- Tf rt Tf O m 00 rt J. 3 s Vp rH m rH CO CC p» © 00 ov ON ON Tf P- 00 Tf m m rt co ON CN rt 00 CC OV Ci VO CO °, tn 3 n Ov m vp co © On CN CC Ov Tf «n oC ©" CN PH vd O CO CO rH CO Tf Tf ON vO Tf Ov rt CO VC 00 > 1-1 CO m t- VO u-> r- in in m in m a^.xi^G' Ov CN co in P- in vo VD Tf \rt CO fH CO S «n 3 ov m r- vp ro CN rt CO 00 5 rt CO Th CO (S rH rt CO rt VO CN tn © tH rt" CS CN ^ ci cn rT CN CN CN x:« •a « 1 © OV © rt ; cn rt ov r- © co m © m oo tN CN Tf m m ON M,3 P- CO OV rt S © Om CO CO Tf rt CN CN CN eo ■ CO »r! . X.^ Total Numtx (Cash Sales E eluded co m oo m m vp VO vp CN ON f» CO SO 8 ON CO ov co m tr- vp ri m ON r- tn Tf CA <*3 3 CO fS rH rt rt 00 CN^ CC P VO OC CO ON Tf ON r-; CO CN © CN P-; P^ CN S 2 rt-*-« o flS-g co i vp r- m © 1 © rt rt P-; © Ov vq CN CN cn CN rt vp CO "S *sHg I-i 4> rt o & 5 rt ; rH CO rt VO ■^ OO oo t- p- s © in CO ,q g CN CO CO CO m vp P?i Tf Tf 1 Wh 3 *■• 3 Z rt-5 a> 53 o9*rt b "c oo cn Ov , «n o O «n © SO Tf CN 00 Tf ,_, to fjj Pnrj in cn h i rt CN CO C^ ON fi Tf vd P^ m >n vd tfi Eb; -IH£ Ih U 1 •0 o a r^ co co ! rn Tf 00 CN SO oo m p- ON © © m CN CO Tf «n GO rt <N © 3 £ rt © Tf ON r- m „ He Ov co ir tr- CO © Tf VO CN w tt cm tt 5 P-HtJ ro r- r- tN r- OV Ov Os OV Ov ON IO Ov a oo i a 6 P^ 00 8 si 5v 11 ■3 CO — CO cy Vi ON rt © Tf m CN Tf CN rt VO ** S z r- co m P- vp OV Ov CN CA m CC CN s PQ CA rt rt rt -r- — t- >o tn r> VO vo P^ m ^ 1-1 & " 1-1 rH r~ rt CN *"■ i 1 i i i i i ! i | It 1 1 1 1 vo vpmlTfco'cNrt'©ov!oot-~- vpvpvpvo vpvpvpmm'n OvovovOv ov ON Ov Ov Ov Ov rt in rt Ov rt ^ rHfrtrHrtrtrtrtrtrHrt tfi tfi tfi tfi tfi tfi tfi tfi tfi tfi v - 4-i --> u 00 rt rt rt rt rt ra rtrtrt d ?* ft, g rt oooo oooooo tt 3 to JC HHl-ib<t-*HHHb*b< H O tt to o u o u 75 g c a r 8 tt > a £ * 2 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 97 vi 6 r—I i v\ Ui ai o rt >» « s 0 < < */•■ ui yi < Vi ai Ui ra P 9-0 gMBS o « 2 z;«" ZofcH o o O^J <s O rt rt CO Tf rt CN CN CO Ov rt Ov CO OO rt 00 CO Tf rt ca os as tn © 00 © ON O CN ON ,_! co CN r-1 CO 6ft v± 00 on VO m CO Tf o vp ©' Tf in O © o © o m vp cn oo p- vo m oo m co on rn Tf rt CO Tf : © © co ! © m o ! oo tr- ov o o © o © © o o cs m © c© in ©^ cn co" vo" cN ri in Tf vo CO © © CN P- Ov CN © © O © < O © © o e CD © © rH < Tf oo p-" in c Tf cn rt ov; rt f- -rf rt V VO Os P^ VO t O CO Tf VD C co vo m on • co m r-» m v on m t> vd e CN rt rt CO T p- © rt CN © Ov m VO m CN CO r- r- fN r~~ CTs rt P- OO r- VO 00 VO r- vn ON S 1 CN Of) CN on p» VP >n 00 Tf vn Tf Tf CN fN p- co CO m Tf p» VO VD vo CO Of) in 00 ov rt CO VO Tf CN ~ CN CN CN in a < CU 01 ( vovovovpvovDvommm 6Q PI (Q Irf j>] Bj B) w a B] rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt OOOO H H H H O O O O O O H H H H H H >Ph a |. S5; 98 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES o g ai Q CO W ri i si w m S o vi « o ft, Q Z < M o pj rt GO m Vi < Vi Ui O r—< rt ft) o ZS s I w o < OS w > rt to &Ll O Ov © © © © © © VP © VO vp 0 ON Ih to . 0 ap^ S © *© © © © © VO © Tt © 8 CO co" in --ri* eo* in" CO d in* vp co" m cd ©" I © © © © m co Ov vp cN CN .y to, * CO 00 Zaaaa rt ON VO CN CN CO K CN oi d © ©* © © tn « d CN d © © © d iq 60* •V> _ '0 u a - -&9- 5f>^_ to . LL CJ lH~ Tt t © m cn © 0 in to , [I* ■C tor) cf &U Ph q m i Tt 00 vo vo 00 m •a « rt j CO CN © CN CO m [ CN CN CN CN CN vo CN CO 00 j t- p- m 00 co P--" j CO CN CO CO Tf" CN Tf •EO- ■ •EO- < ■» ' •M- E1**! © Tf m ov Tf vo rt 00 CO © 00 00 CO to, • co CN ON e?\ p- m Ov vp m rn ov r- © VP Tf rt rt CN SO in m_ p^ on rt m Tt 3(J ON £s CO rt cn Tf m -rt CN $* m" © © 00 © vp" CN Tt rH CN CNOO Tf CN CO « , 'C ooU © 0 © 10© 8 tt to . to Pfc .y to.< *><|o rt © © © © © © © P-; VO J rt m © P;P;P:*»q © CN © ^6so in'p" AA \AA ri 2 ON A vp m m" r> t- AAAAA rt ov vp CN fS Os" t 0 00 rt VO 1 CN CN CN CO .0 09 CN © cn rti ; 0 © O d csidddd © - «■ &<•> u a CO _ •£«■ •»„ o 1 Ph q rt j VD rt j Tf rt CO ! CN CO VOV) r- Tf a. Q Q\ 1 00 © Tt rt CA CN ! OO © t~l P^ rt •n CO U vd i co co i eN co" Tf" 0 co" ! eN co cn co" co CO CO- ' ' t**> X! O CO- ' - tO- VD P- ON vp Tf CO CN CN 0 . CO m vp Tf p- vo rH 00 ro Tf m sth r- m Tt Ov SO 0^ rt m C- vp CO 50 p- rH rH CO rH rH vp Q>_j Ov vo"vo" rt CN SO CN >s CN Ih to . .H to.< •"-So rt © © © © © 0 © rt to . u apj rt 1 00 © Tf ©' vo co VD CO *t tr- vd vo" 00 ov Tt ©" 1 I VpTf eN ov vp cN 2 Ov AAAAA vq Ov vo cN co 7 m CN 1 j <7V CN & rt CN ©"©'©' © © ss © tt u 2 a CO t-fl- •so* O w &^ 8-J1*! 00 i 00 th m co m P-- 1 ! ! ! ! Ov Ov in cN : © os m Os co vd ! Tf cN co" cN co" Tt CO rt jVPrt P- vo m vd *•/-> ■ to 1 1 t 1 1«■ ■EO- E*1! CN : eN © vo m VD rn 0 . It1! ! ! ! ! 1 »-i CO rt. ov Os Os rt CA 00 0 CN CN 3U 0_H CO CO P- OV Os CO eN Tf d rt Tt 00 •n 20 Ohh m m co" Tf >s OO CN rt CN >s 1 i i tH to . aj arr. 0 oli © CO © 0 VO CO Ov Tf O CO 14 »afc u 0, • © © 0 © 00 -© Tf 00 ? 00" Tf CO m" vd 00* m vp vp m" VP rt A CO ii 44 CN CN A *1 u c *C *}U '-••S.O rt AiAA ON vp CN CN i © • CN CN d d © Ph tt d <^ d q © H rt 13 _ «* to* - &-*> fO" _ ■a t« B* 0 vo ! cn rt : m 00 00 £ o* ! OO CO CO © p- tt t**; J ^ co j eN © rH a co © r-; vq p- u rt l oi eN ! eN co" co u eN co -i-h co ri «■ ' . •&e* 00 ■a 0 i-l ■ ' 1 «■ to a, . B*-«l rt i rt co ! m 00 00 0 . S**i ! ! 1 VO VD 00 rH rn r- VO P- CN CN m m p~ vp Ov Ov P- 00 in 30 co OV Tf Tf CN Tf 30 rn £S CN CN ri co m" m CN $* *rV"" 00 CO *M rt © ! O j © O © © © ! © C"; CO 8 Ih tt . 0 VO 1 §8 8 © : m i co cn © © « an, •CcUO in i tn 06 00 2 © : © «n © CO A A i 33 •A Ov Tf j vp cN CN CN Tf P^ CN CN Ih tfi ©' co" ! CN O ©' © u .3 ci ri i f\ d © Cfl- *0*_ _ •&* v> _ ., *-■ . *C 5iO r*T a PO ! rt ; vo 00 vo © to Uh •SRO m i 1 : f p* h 00 "oo 0 P Tf co j t-; r- © p- *- ^ CO rt CO CN d i vd Tf vd VD 2 CO i CO CO eN to-. •» &: «. 1 I I 'rtrt §3: a*1; p- m O i cN 00 00 VO ! CO VO rt m CO 0 . Tf CO CO © CN P- 30 CO rH 1 CN CN Tf Ov SO CN Ov rt* $2 m" rt i f-T CO P~ 1 ■"* oC p- £s 1 j u i u Ci 0 c ^ .3 a > ej > *~? S~s 0 . /--. O s Uh Urt -u rt -U Ih Ih hi 1 Ih O to 5 0 • +J rt « H u h 61 1 Ih Ph u O s^>—' QJ (L> !_, *—"—' U sU lH (H u (H a a 0 _. tfi u .w a a 0 _ CA tt tt' S 3 tt s OU 3DUS 0 Ph 00 -J ouofl £ ooocjcj*~2QP"* 0 ggrtrtOg-^ O O tt O U O « CJ O CJ L) CJ *fi Q O H CC > > fi c Ph Ph rt *o z g > i > c .5 1- P- •qj z REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 99 z o 0 ftj H < u Vi ai UJ ra S H z o so r/i so r^ 0 h z 2 ra H P h Q Vi ra Vi H ai rt o a ft. ra Q ft! ra z < O Z Vi ft) i-H U ft) ra c p u CO ftj ^ u ra 'A ft 0 u w J > rt ftj 2 o ra w < ai ra TO ra TT] ra f) ra ra ci Oh ra 0 •< ra s 3 P to W 0 < ra ra > < Ih ■> . ?iaft *cSo ftgo « © © © © o © © Ih © © © © © 0 r- co co rt r-i on p^ to . •a So* ^§u rt co © co p- eN to Ov CN CN CO m Tf" o\ © P- CO © CO CO © I 1111 m © © o m CN Tf ON vq cN 1 m © © © m m es 1 m CN eN rt Tf ov m eN es © rt © © d d tt Ph © CN rt © d © © E rt tn •as- . m to*. VD "0 tt a tfi- »; U *H • •r "H) £ o* VD © © rt OS to ^tU Vp p- 00 CO CO Tf t- vd rt eN rt m m m CN CN cN rt rt P-; Tf CO ft 0 p- CN CO 00 Tf p~ VD CO CN CN co" eN © m" to *» 5 •yg- t«* Eft. co m cn m oo oo ; 0 . Eft. SO 00 © vo cn 00 m ON co r- ov ov on vo VO ov rn 0 © Tf c- ov co rn^rn © © ■SO Tt Tf O co P- in P- ON £s CN CO" ri ri oC rH ov co" cN* in" CN ON CN «s Ov IH to . © © O ON rt GO © © 00 Tf © Ov Ih to . © 0 © CO © © 0© Os Tf © CO •Hsu ftgo d Tt" cn CO Tf © d) arj. .a *>n fl ox.U P" co rt* co" in" p-*-* 7 -L i m © © cn co m © in rH CN 7 m rN CA .to 0 u a CO AAA r- m r- 1 1 m m m eN 1 m CN M o 1 rt © CN rt* to CN d d •&e* CN CN Ph 0 es rt i © 0 to- © 8 IH**H eN cS © j ov rt m r-*-* Tf j cN co to . Ph" £^° Ph rj rj ° 2 p* 00 © P- rt rn C- m CO u a VD CN CN 1 CN rt t/3- * m tt 0 CO CN to* co Ov P~ CO CS rt Tf VO cs CO t/J* p^ © 00 CN ON Tf m oo CSP-OH p-^doo Tf VD Ov OO Ov VO tt • Eft op m tr vc SO >2 CN CN CO oT 30 Or-1 tt rt 00 ^ Ov ri" Tf rt VD >£ Ih to . o a," ©©©©©© vq co p-- © r-- es © VD It to . <u an*. .y ton cs 0 8 r" t-~ ri vi r^ cc _H j vp 00 00* '2 So T-jH 1 1 1 1 1 V AJ, cs cs I ftgo © © © © in in P-- p- m co m cn in CN Ph tn CS © CN rt rn" © © © cs © d CJ 3 - s»_ (*/3- . Jfi 0 t«- •V3-, Sl.*1! •eg,o ft o © -rt rH VO VD CO IO to Ll 0 H' ft u rt r^ OV a cn vo m oc cn m Tf rt rt1 Tf rt t-j CO P-* Tf CN CN CO CA •99- co' ■» ON ] Tf Tf CS © 5 © VO Eft. CN vo co oo eN rt CO Tf Tf © ON Ov Eft. oc 30 Os Ov -m © m ON q SO * p^ £S cn m" cn d m co vp CO ■jSS U ooo © © © Ih tt tt ChCj. ft go 0 : 1 : © © 0 w u ■ CN Ov CO © eo* oi vq m CO CO Ol © p^ in : p- cn | CO 00 (N 0O Ph AAA © m 7 m 1 m 17 7 : © m m CN rt Tf Ov CN eN CN i ° ^1 cs ©" CN rt rt d © fi tt © i cs d 1© Ih rt TJ V± iO^. ■W5* vp ! ! ! CO © Tf to [ii CJ lH~ Ah y as cN o i m m 00 u vo vq CN ! o o P- ft u OO VO vq U m" ri cn ! cn rt S 2 ^ co" ! ! es © t-e* Eft. CN rt © •rt p- Tf CN CN Tt eo P- to, . Eft. CO Tt rt in Ov © 30 Tf eN p- rt CO rt 3U CO 00 es £S m" CN CN CN co" ^s CN CO 1 ,_ *© !OQO 0 t, 0 © 0 © © © 8 .y to.< ftgo rt CO ! CO Tf CO CO Sto1^ © P-; cs in 0 CO d © od d d m cs ri Tf* \d Tf vd 2 ON 2©2 ov vq eN 2 CN tt c ftgu rt A AAA © ov vq m el m tt 09 rt CN © yi © © «o _ Ph U co odd © t«* « ^tu CON ! ! rH OV -rt Tf u r£ t> 1- . ft tj © © © CO VO CO © fi O fl s»- m 0 Tt TJ 0) Tt OO CN ON* tfl- CN a vu CO TD O rti rtf-rsiovpr; Tf CS* CN rt" rt rt 00 ■so* m Eft ON ! i o i/- Eft. rt -rti 00 Ov p- p~ rt Ov © CN VO rt m © p- ov m ,30 srt P- Ov P; m 3(J CS CO rH rt Ov Ol. CN Tf CN © rt" ri Tf >2 CN I CJJ tt CJ CJ «j 1 ' .9 ^ .3 o '> CJ i> 'C . s-s '< 0 ,/^ I O (A Uh i Ph Efl Uh ! Ih Ph Q rt rt tt Ih Ih tD Ih O s ■rtt rt tt Ih ih 00 Ih 0 (A cu tt tt £7 •rt Ci Oi C a a 0 „ CO u a a O _. cfl q 3 a -tt w . tt 3 ol <u w . 0 %AAO g 1 O to tt tt o fi o cj cj cj 73 O d c fi c c i9 0 H O Ph O tt tt u 0 fi 0 0 cj cj -a 0 c c c c £ _- rt O H rt > Ph £ p- £ z > T P- a. 'u a 100 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES tfi Ui 3 ai ui ra a P a o ra ra q ra | 3 Q Z ra P u ra ra « a P il .3,2 fl i *h^4 a " o ftrt£ *S s H to <o ■SE •a- U tt C to :Tft o « "3 « 3,u Qft i 5 2 p- m ^ vo on m CN CN rt oTp^©" CS rt OO ON P~ rt 00 ON m rt - m *-h tn CO rH cs" Tf Tf OO Tf CO CO O ti VP ov cN* CO P- ON OV OO © QN to m co Tf oo m 3 i I » TH rt rt rt CO Tf Tf in CN ov vp 00 rt tn © ON CS rn rt © P; co" m P* Tf vo" r-I © p- p- m © m P^ Ov P*- ON © CO 8 ,_, rt ^ m <N a rt vp OV vO CO Ov vo vo Tf g rt rt in vo in in * on ri p- CO m in, P- P-- © •on r- m rs rt oo ss nn oo tn p- !=! ON 5 rt m CO X 00 © -3 r- rt 3 m p- p- m Ov $ § 00 CN ** CO OV rT, CO ri m TV e*> ft s £ © in 5 Tf vO rt r- X p- 3 oo 00 r- rt CO « K r- SO Tf m 0-t ■n Tf CN 3 r- r- rt 5 p- P- p- p- »n ■n m rt l-H CO Um VpmTtrtCSrtQONCOt- vovovovovovpvpmmm Cfl Cfl CO tfi rtrtrtrtrtctinrtrtrt > o. o. o 3 Q* rtO 8§il S3 E J2 h*g CS « 1 Sh ^ Z ooo o o H H • so IhO\ J, M REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 101 W O g 1—1 > O Oh W a P o GO 3 hJ O Z 3 Q Z < v\ Estimated Eight-hour Daily Capacity, MB.F. es cs l (N p- S oo m cs Ov c> CO P* rt ■n eS rt vp ov Tf Ov CS CO CS m 1 u 1 M .3 Ih 1 NH 1 t vp c> OV vp OA Tt Os p- vp CJ\ © © a 1 TH s 3 o Z Q 3 Estimated Eight-hour Daily Capacity, MB.F. co co vp cs m Tt CO Tf © rH rH co Ov-rt m i rt 1 m © P- rt Ov rt © Tt cN rt vq 00 CO f- tr **t isZ 55 2 o\ q h i 1 co" CN co" co" co" Tt co" co" 5 r/i u § CO CN Ov cN OO Ov 00 co e •1 cs Os oo P- VP Tf Tf Tf vO oo vp vp CN p- rt © rt m m 00 CO rt CS 3 Tf Tf mmm m »n tn tn tn m SB M mated t-hour aily acity, B.F. VO rH VO rt CJ\ O CN CS CS g ©COrt co © 0v vp © m p- © m CO rt © co Tf On 8 tr- 00 00 5-! ON rH rt CO ON I rt" rt" ri ^ 3 3 wiS •-> Ih IS U § 00 CA 1 O P- tj- rt rt OV CO 6 5 m vo oo P- CO ! rt m SO vp vp CO vp in m m 3 z tt tt co X) J3 !S oo oo rt i-h co CO 3 CN 1 1 • ! ! l tsJ! V© CN Tt rt m oo 1 1 | 1 i | | rt i 1 5s 8 la ,£>, ,3 <D o Ov oo rt © rt OV CN Tf rt rt 00 sO p* Ov •a 1 Nun 0 Atta Chip] *2 0 >,.tj LL m p- cn vo Ov Ov m < JV Tf m CN © ' I m Ov "J.S-'h 3 . 9,20 1,84 6,33 6,33 3,00 CN 5 vp e O CO cs CO CO C OV Estim Eight- Dai Capai MB ■S SO oo c oo" c O CS jv co" © oC Tt OS CN v OO t o p- - vp" OO CA (N cn < s cs es cs cs < s CS CN IH 5 J5 cs rn on m Ov VO ,_, p- -t c- CO CO m < ~> v-> 00 s VP rt ON f- Tf Ov t CN r> © ■h m 00 i-H rt CN CO rt Tf n vo t> Ov ©_ c t> CA vp z CN s cs" " tj i .s Q +* 2 ■ o Uh &-? vo -m Tf CO CS r-1 © Os c ° -*> P r-i. 5 JC *£ vp vp $1 $ vp vp m i ON ON ON Ov Ov 1-1 " "~* rt h Cfl tfi tfi tfi tfi & gC t a 2 3 c3 *rt *rt rtrt ra ca rt i bo 5 c o o OOO 0 0 0 0 O <u ra CMrtHrtHrtHrHrtHrtHtHrtHrtHrtH tt rt grt O 0 ~ t ■ I ' I ' ~ ~ ™ ~ ~ ~ ~ 88 b e a C c ca *a •fi Cf] CD > fl. fl. y Z 102 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (71) EXPORT OF LOGS (IN F.B.M.), 1966 Species Grade No. 1 Grade No. 2 Grade No. 3 Ungraded Fuel-logs Total Fir 83,712 4,457,903 3,359,209 743,471 6,371,381 12,493,088 5,904,760 44,256 1,168,236 597,547 1,073,901 14,318,198 20,551,255 39,016,302 17,282 6,869 199,078 814,956 435,745 1,918,366 Cedar 25,154,351 36,602,630 1,104,499 46,840,517 15,445,570 15,881,315 2,480 729,932 127,120 9,591,307 548 3,963 174,404 11,493,438 7,236 7,236 13,296 3,323,311 3,934,154 Totals, 1966 9,751,031 27,322,739 88,001,394 15,452,806 1,478,441 142,006,4111 Totals, 1965 3,355,224 10,766,201 35,846,770 8,625,979 14,650 58,608,824 Totals, 1964 ' 3,748,377 14,590,533 30,789,610 3,740,863 84,834 52,954,217 Totals, 1963 3,468,986 16,149,811 62,790,210 10,274,991 107,529 92,791,527 Totals, 1962 - 3,773,734 11,215,447 46,151,663 13,143,092 696,436 74,980,372 Totals, 1961 9,216,534 28,611,982 48,009,763 12,202,800 3,311,119 10,352,198 Totals, 1960. 1,391,803 5,351,398 20,872,330 11,805,419 890,260 40,311,210 Totals, 1959 486,685 2,601,653 19,608,208 3,999,901 1,839,030 28,535,477 Totals, 1958 734,991 3,727,452 16,164,689 3,715,124 3,762,411 1 28,104,667 Totals, 1957- 524,180 3,987,443 22,016,291 5,625,910 3,421,354 35,575,178 Ten-year average, 1957-66... 3,645,155 12,432,466 39,025,093 8,858,688 1,560,606 65,522,008 i Of this total, 44,092,921 f.b.m. were exported from Crown-granted lands carrying the export privilege; 97,913,490 f.b.m. were exported under permit from other areas. (72) SHIPMENTS OF POLES AND OTHER MINOR PRODUCTS, 1966 •duct Quantity Exported Approximate Value, F.O.B. Where Marketed Forest District and Pre Canada United States Other Countries Vancouver— Poles lin. ft. 5,500,442 1,701,771 22,986,180 18,464 2,722 4,593,537 3,265 1,755 375,385 58,455 17 285,466 2,510,516 69,232 50,000 992 1,215,538 324,720 $3,187,030.50 404,482 4,090,895 1,005,065 Piling. 921,635.90 1,915,515.00 46,160.00 816.60 1,745,544.06 3,036.45 1,105.65 120,123.20 14,613.75 680.00 171,279.60 1,256,322.00 2,077.00 1,500.00 34,720.00 850,877.00 32,472.00 "108,247 5,400 1,255,545 22,980,780 18,464 2,722 2,756,122 3,265 337,979 Prince Rupert—• Cedar poles - Prince George— Cedar poles Piling. Kamloops—■ Cedar poles lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. 1,837,415 1,755 149,905 46,935 14 11,511 1,265,915 69,232 225,480 11,520 3 273,955 1,244,601 50,000 357 1,033,207 324,720 Posts Christmas trees cords pieces Nelson— Poles and piling Corral rails lin. ft. Fence-posts Christmas trees Shake blanks - cords .—.pieces 635 182,331 $10,305,508.71 $8,862,926.97 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 103 (73) SUMMARY OF EXPORT OF MINOR PRODUCTS FOR PROVINCE, 1966 Product Quantity Value Per Cent of Total Value Poles ! lin. ft. Piling „ 10,472,629 1,703,526 2,568,971 69,232 50,000 22,986,180 324,720 1,519,468 2,722 1,009 $5,055,734.21 922,741.55 1,270,935.75 2,077.00 1,500.00 1,915,515.00 32,472.00 1,068,316.60 816.60 35,400.00 49.0586 8.9539 12.3325 Corral rails — . „ 0.0201 0.0146 Cedar shakes pieces Shake blanks _ „ 18.5873 0.3151 10.3665 0.0079 Fence-posts rords 0.3435 $10,305,508.71 100.0000 (74) TIMBER MARKS ISSUED, 1957-66 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 10-year Average, 1957-66 Old Crown grants Crown grants, 1887- 1906 _ Crown grants, 1906- 1914 320 108 97 460 59 1 7 23 2,239 74 1 215 93 93 362 89 7 9 1,900 80 7 299 103 125 524 108 9 21 1,926 85 1 315 115 123 517 116 1 4 15 2,136 113 1 268 121 121 470 117 3 4 8 2,141 91 5 300 150 164 589 109 9 12 20 1,991 90 5 2 313 125 161 608 141 13 12 18 2,183 97 356 148 164 672 149 7 9 27 2,281 121 328 150 172 649 133 8 14 24 1,614 153 3 341 130 144 679 63 3 10 27 20 1,126 117 12 4 306 124 136 Section 58, Forest Act.. Stumpage reservations Pre-emptions Timber berths Indian reserves Section 24, Forest Act. 553 108 5 9 19 2 1,954 102 3 1 Special marks and rights-of-way Pulp leases Pulp licences Totals....- 3,389 2,855 3,201 3,456 3,349 3,441 3,671 3,934 3,248 2,676 3,322 Transfers and changes 615 598 669 794 691 809 725 802 740 908 735 (81) GRAZING PERMITS ISSUED, 1966 • Forest District Number of Permits Issued Number of Stock under Permit Cattle Horses Sheep 1,280 484 434 6 147,048 22,540 19,468 230 3,788 1,139 1,615 30 7,754 Nelson 1,051 165 1966 2,244 189,286 6,572 8,970 1965 Totals, 2,218 188,339 6,677 12,509 1964 2,104 173,677 6,231 22,478 1963 Totals, 1,951 158,840 5,860 25,366 Totals, 1962 1,924 146,830 5,007 23,370 1961 - 1,825 132,749 4,985 21,309 I960 1,726 127,148 4,504 19,460 1959 1,683 124,425 4,377 20,604 1958 Totals, 1,571 122,489 4,169 20,927 1957 1,640 128,978 3,886 20,693 104 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (91) FOREST ROAD PROGRAMME, 1966 Project Regulation Unit Reconnaissance Location Construction Vancouver Forest District Quadra P.S.Y.U... Miles 15 4 15 60 ~54 7 10 20 33 21 12 ~38 27 67 80 53 3 11 30 22 Miles 9.6 Miles Kingcome P.S.Y.U Nootka P.S.Y.U Soo P.S.Y.U Skeena P.S.Y.U Gold River— 1 0.6 2.3 17.4 Prince Rupert Forest District Hecate P.S.Y.U Hecate P.S.Y.U Skeena P.S.Y.U _...._ 4.9 Ootsa P.S.Y.U Skeena P.S.Y.U. 13.2 Prince George Forest District Moberly P.S.Y.U Parsnip P.S.Y.U. 9.1 17.2 7.5 11.9 8.5 20.7 11.8 3.0 Longworth P.S.Y.U Purden P.S.Y.U - Parsnip West F R. Finlay P.S.Y.U 7.5 Kamloops Forest District Barton Hills P.S.Y.U Barton Hills P.S.Y.U _ Stum P.S.Y.U Chilcotin South F.R. 9.2 Similkameen P.S.Y.U _ Okanagan P.S.Y.U. Big Bar P.S.Y.U Yalakom P.S.Y.U Botanie P.S.Y.U Okanagan P.S.Y.U _ _ Okanagan P.S.Y.U Galena F.R 3.5 7.0 3.8 10.7 3.8 0.5 4.0 2.0 Title White-Rig Meadow F.R. North Thompson P.S.Y.U Okanagan P.S.Y.U " Barton Hills P.S.Y.U Sugar Lake F.R Spallumcheen P.S.Y.U Fernie P.S.Y.U Upper Kootenay P.S.Y.U Cranbrook P.S.Y.U.. .. Nelson Forest District Creston P.S.Y.U Lardeau Edgewood ... Upper Kootenay P.S.Y.U Upper Kootenay P.S.Y.U White River Totals, 1966 programme Previous works 582 4,861 150.7 2,333.1 39.0 918.5 Totals, forest road programme, 1950-66 5,443 2,483.8 957.5 F.R.=Forest road. P.S.Y.U.=Public sustained-yield unit. (92) REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 FOREST SERVICE MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT, 1966 105 Type Total Units, Jan.1, 1966 Removed from Service New Purchases Total Units, Jan. 1, 1967 Sedans Station wagons and sedan deliveries - Panel deliveries _ Four-wheel-drive passenger types_ Four-wheel-drive pick-ups and panel deliveries... 5,000-10,000 G.V.W. pick-ups, J4 and 1 ton..... 14,000-24,000 G.V.W. trucks; 2, 3, and 4 tons .. 24,000-40,000 G.V.W. heavy-duty trucks Fire-fighting tank trucks Total vehicles _ Trail motor-cycles _ Tractors Snow and muskeg tractors (peronnel-carriers).. Snow toboggans—various types Graders Scrapers—self-propelled — Scrapers—not self-propelled — Shovels—power ... Loaders—self-propelled Outboard motors Fire-pumps—various Fire-pumps—portable tanker - Bean fire-fighting units—high pressure Borate mixer pumps _ Pumps—Water supply Chain saws Lighting-plants Lawn-mowers—power- Speeders—railway Trailers—low and high bed Trailers—dwelling and bunk-house Trailers—miscellaneous Air compressors _. — Range-land drill .... Rock drills—gas-powered Crushing plant Mechanical wheelbarrows Welders Cement mixers _ Augers—power, planting Snowploughs—walking Rollers—compaction.. Fork-lift trucks 51 106 75 131 284 196 55 5 2 905 93 39 9 5 20 4 2 3 5 416 760 125 34 13 77 434 109 12 13 8 168 289 15 1 8 1 20 12 7 3 1 2 23 16 25 45 28 7 3 5 10 15 26 64 48 5 6 149 179 1 30 43 1 29 5 6 3 19 12 15 2 1 48 47 13 9 118 5 29 1 9 39 1 12 54 93 74 132 303 216 53 935 110 46 9 20 20 4 2 3 5 434 764 137 34 13 86 523 109 35 10 9 177 322 15 1 15 7 3 1 6 2 REPORTED APPROXIMATE EXPENDITURE IN FOREST PROTECTION (102) BY OTHER AGENCIES, 1 1966 Expenditures Forest District Patrols and Fire Prevention Tools and Equipment Fires Improvements Total Vancouver $109,661 210,622 2,565 2,600 44,515 $455,018 104,345 59,830 22,600 105,141 $114,200 120,887 22,452 35,865 34,318 $144,803 28,692 17,760 16,800 24,047 $823,682 464,546 102,607 Kamloops _ Nelson — 77,865 208,021 Totals $369,963 $746,934 $327,722 $232,102 $1,676,721 Ten-year-average, 1957-66 $334,438 $534,276 $436,676 $322,615 $1,628,005 i Principally forest industry. 106 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (103) FIRE OCCURRENCES BY MONTHS, 1966 Forest District March April May June July August September October Total Per Cent Vancouver — Prince Rupert 1 3 119 1 13 23 14 18 19 84 42 91 160 58 58 25 51 123 22 74 89 62 109 108 128 27 22 121 167 43 4 11 ■83 69 1 - 14 402 210 258 639 458 20.4 10.7 13.1 32.5 23.3 Totals 24 87 435 279 442 465 210 25 1,967 100.0 Per cent 1.2 4.4 22.1 14.2 22.5 23.6 10.7 1.3 100.0 1 Ten-year average, 1957-66 33 91 315 311 666 516 155 30 2,117 1.6 4.3 14.8 14.7 31.5 24.4 7.3 1.4 100.0 . (104) NUMBER AND CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES, 1966 Forest District .3 c 00 3 *j •3W O of o E rt O. SB cj cd Is oo 1 cd Ih Oj a, O *o M O IH 'rt o o a r/5 60 C 'C rt b***j > S rt*. •9k o Pi 60 Q 1 3 O DC C rt RS a o t> 3 •oti i*c« p.i « i) QJ 3"33t a o "S w^ S3 OW •« 60 •£.S ti 60 s S •a 0 CtJ *» H « •a a u CJ 3 O 3 So So s c CO U CO 3 rt O a 0 a a D *3 fl •«3 *•* £.5 <4H O S.s O co 1-8 Vancouver.... 21 41 61 124 127 57 37 30 66 40 9 11 10 23 117 97 12 18 98 56 36 21 37 42 20 9 28 112 19 20 21 21 20 44 26 18 67 9 5 5 2 2 103 31 23 80 55 11 2 7 4 12 402 210 258 639 458 20.4 10.8 13.1 32.5 23.2 Totals ... 374 230 170 281 156 149 101 164 14 292 36 1,967 100.0 19.1 11.7 8.7 14.3 7.9 7.6 5.1 8.3 0.7 14.8 1.8 100.0 Ten-year average, 1957-66 764 224 115 257 88 121 43 161 38 251 55 2,117 Per cent 36.1 10.6 5.4 12.1 4.2 5.7 2.0 7.6 1.8 11.9 2.6 100.0 (105) NUMBER AND CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES FOR THE LAST 10 YEARS Causes 1957 I 1958 I 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 Total Lightning.. Recreational (campers, etc.) Railroads operating Smokers Brush-burning (not railway or right- of-way clearing) Range-burning_ Road, power-; telephone-, and pipeline construction Industrial operations (logging, etc.) — Incendiary_ Miscellaneous known causes . Unknown causes _ Totals - 307 i 1,150 170 I 296 85 162 182 478 65 48 46 107 22 172 45 1,249 120 131 18 246 53 310 94 184 172 88 211 75 190 30 204 34 253 33 1,166 241 245 257 82 87 36 137 54 271 59 1,426 269 154 336 86 179 36 194 49 290 83 615 182 41 162 60 62 35 109 25 183 62 1,144 221 65 220 82 95 24 141 62 250 41 3,058 1,474 2,635 3,102 1,536 2,345 277 144 51 129 66 79 11 81 45 178 59 1,120 1,000 315 89 310 89 193 89 223 24 309 44 374 230 170 281 156 149 101 164 14 292 36 2,685 |1,967 7,643 2,240 1,150 2,566 881 1,213 426 1,606 382 2,508 556 21,171 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 107 Ui O < < a a z •< Ui N m Q ui Vi Vi < ►J O Vi Ui ai !i 8* S.S >■ o 000';$ J3AQ 000'I$pnB 001$ U33M*)3a ooi$ -rapon ssbio siqx ui 631'ji rejox JO JU30 J3.J pijjsirj UI sajiii JEwi. JO JU3D J3,i jaqumjvi sseio siuj, ut S3JJd[ JEIOX JO JU33 J3<I ■IDUlSia Ul S3Jfa IEJOX JO JU33 J3J jsqurntvi sseid siuj, UI saiM Fiox JO JU33 J3J •pwsia ui S3JItl ibjox JO JU33 J3<I jsqumN sseio siux UI S3JM iejox JO JU33 J3a pujsia rn ssjijI i'bjox JO *)U33 13d J3qum]\l gomAOJj ui sari'il iejox JO JU3D J3J jaqumjvl © *"t O, *4 I- COOs O Osrt d ^H CN SO *T lo\CSC*ic*i H rt^ooo r> ve p vn vi cn © ■** t*- ci tj- cn in cs cN CN vo ov CN »-■; ci O Ov 00 DO CN T-H CN CN Ov © O CN CN lftO*HV5 3 eo ci cn -*-r -*t CN ^H ^H O O itl>Hinm CN O OO Ov 00 ■** CN CN VO -^J- *3 o O §«0 § O U H Cm H P- >£ 9 S o*3 5 •r" rt cj £mz 108 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (107) DAMAGE TO PROPERTY OTHER THAN FORESTS, 19661 Forest District Forest Products Cut, Logs, Lumber, Etc. Buildings Railway, Logging, and Sawmill Equipment Miscellaneous Total Per Cent of Total Vancouver Prince Rupert _ Prince George.. Kamloops Nelson $17,344 39,429 120 15,000 181 $6,300 2,500 3,450 8,500 $18,270 47,631 400 $15 1,870 1,032 2,310 $41,929 89,560 5,840 24,532 2,491 Totals. $72,074 $20,750 $66,301 Percent — Ten-year average, 1957-66- Per cent 43.9 | 12.6 40.3 $101,454 $35,351 | $184,252 3.2 1 100.0 $25,487 [ $346,544 | 29.3 10.2 53.2 7.3 100.0 25.5 54.5 3.6 14.9 1.5 $5,227 | $164,352 | 100.0 i Does not include intentional slash-burns (for this item see Table No. 121). (108) DAMAGE TO FOREST-COVER CAUSED BY FOREST FIRES, 1966—PART li Merchantable Timber Immature Timber Forest District Net Area Killed Total Volume Killed Salvable Volume of Timber Killed Net Stumpage Loss Net Area Killed Present Value Vancouver Acres 55 333 2,229 578 310 M Cu. Ft. 126 801 1,105 871 603 M Cu. Ft. 15 592 306 6 534 $ 9,152 3,928 19,981 11,535 2,927 Acres 67 686 21,958 1,714 690 $ 2,324 17,082 620,202 26,467 11,705 Kamloops 3,505 3,506 1,453 47,5232 25,115 677,7802 6.4 100.0 41.4 6.3 45.8 89.5 Ten-year average, 1957-66 62,037 93,606 30,733 1,530,645 63,862 1,381,964 14.2 100.0 32.8 47.0 14.6 42.3 1 Does not include intentional slash burns (for this item see Table No. 121). 2 The dollar value of losses in merchantable and immature timber represents only stumpage loss to the Crown. Actual payroll loss to the Province is 10 times these figures. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 109 H ai < o- VO vo On 1/3 Ui ai E H t/> pq O m s vV3 ai O o § Ul o H tt o < < w (S cs Tf 1/1 ■* r~ o t- o oo rr m vo « h- | -m 8 rt § t*^ cfi © ** t> ** rt" r-*^ oo as as q r-' so cs' rt rt Ci -tf Tj- rt Q so t- CN C/> 3 rn O H rt Vp rt tn rt m s o SO O rt & .. b cn o o r- Q *g , rn 00 i-h oo >o 8 o 8 *d " J3 ,-? cn cn § 0 as 0 t- © cS cs r> CO O Os o u» vo o w-j as r- oj vp © r> un r> 00 O o cn 8 « t- q Ih < £ CO cn ^-f cC in co" Tf d\ cs o cs r- O cs cn Tf O 0 00 rt rt rt OO rt r4 m sO 6 Ss d > E f/} ri 1-1 cn tj rt 3 y, Q o ti so rt cA oo cn o cs r~~ vp £ Hi Ci tn oo tn oo vp cS 4) <-0 rH t~~ cs" Tf CN £ »H |h Jj vp vp' un Ph < in o rt CA OO -rf OO cn ^_ r- ^ *o DO rt rt m CA cs cn § d CJs VD d § rt v* rt •8 2 N H 0 « 3 *o „ 00 CS rt vp CS Ov cn 00 un ■JEH 0 rt vi a KB g? cs m ■-( cJv SJ CS rt c- OO 1 CS Ph 5 irT < sp" Tf- ^ un o 60 CQ E cd 0 vp ^ m tj. t> VD |rt i/-, -rt vp rn tS ON d os! "3 •rt cn rn m ■=•*■•> CS ON CS" go 8o •a „*HOo\r>it r~; \n <*n CD CJ aj m Os o\ Os rt m CN CN CO Tj" o < 3 in cs tr- in cs m » K H CS 60 CD O "3- oo m O in m c^ rn on m r- i-h m so Os rt CO VP O t— •* cn E w* vp cn rt ■* VD*" •o cs c- V cs ■-5 Q cj o w Ph 00 m r- E a _ ! cn -st i-h VP 5 l->^3 ta cn u i Xt < cn d CN Tf O u O I-l CS -rt as *a *a w««o i cs cs g» cn CN In i •* y io ,-t i IT) q d cd w o 00 g B O « 3 i-( Ph 3 1 < •o *o ,„ oo r- c> oo \p co ON Ti oo ^2 3 M 00 CO Tf H O g rt m rt cs cs 0» rH m* en CN CN cs 3 « < *rl VP f C-- »n O H u a 60 rt Ih s o CD > rt ii a S c B 1 E ) tr *5 8 if 8 Ih C b Ih C a 3 c 0- 1 o u o» o> H Ph H Ph i» cs 1 4 O <u 4 C D u c. E 1 o i c ci -r I 13 > P- p- U z J 110 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES ui O < < a tt Q £-*" O CJ tt Cj sh > rt i tt a tt z m rt *< r/f W tZ) 3 ■< O ui ai tt 0^vpt^in©c^cncSC7vcnr-. tn-^Srtrn'rtxn^<Drt<D Tfr^oocsr--©i*-tTf©ocs cnw-)OVTfTfcoooocSrto\ c» *rt r--r> in © cn »n inq^ t-^cs^vpcn^r^cxTooocSvp OTf ,-1 CN rt Tt m rt \P rH rtr>rtOOOOOOr-CJvOOvCS r~-vpmoocScncSTfCSr~-oo r^r~-cnoot>cnTt-Tj-cno\av cn f--- r- Tf oa in cn r> CN r- ••-* m" ri vo" cd vp" Tf oo f- tr- ca © co CSTfcSOvvo CNCN csqcsin»n©Tt»nvpvqin rtvpdrtCOrtcncnrtrHrt vorHrtvprninvpincovprt voo'-Homovmcninmm OcnrtOOVOTfOOONOOOOOO oocn cs Tf" rt". rHc^t^cncjvvp*rtcnr;oooo c^rtOo^r^r^inoddTf-rt TfOOrtVpOV-rtTfttCSVO l— r-cnr-comTfovprtOvcn vo cnCSrtCSi-H-rtrHrt CS ■** Ch m S.S rt S W CU ii| M O "J C rt TJ M '5 rt g s -C ft rt o S c rt I h4P^Piw 9 5 "'Si. ," M OJ O c C o a S CJ _o rt bo M 3 ,5 >H ft fl go 3 3 0"3 *•$ °*'S 1 S-a | a O « 3 mp-Jp-Jfi a c S 2 cs *s •9*3 9 £S5 CO ai < h Vi < tt w a tt H oo W ai o tt ffl Q w Vi 3 < O w S < <; Q tt O S5 O Vi L—I rt < cu o cj CA t so m Os Tf O0 CN - Ih r- co m cs C- cn "3 rt rt j} •§>■< rt rn^© cn cn tt OO ri ©" vo r-T vp"m" ri CS co cn © cs \p Ov Ho cn o\ cn m Tt Ov Tf cs cn" m" cn cn &•> ¥* . t— oo vp cn r- cs OS s vp oo © m ■rt vi vp Ov r- in Tj- © cn cn o\ rH tj- cn i-h r- Tt in m vo CN r- i-i Ov M- «■ m cs m cs cn cS >n m oo cn oo r- r> vp cn vp VP rt tn 00 Tf srt vp Os cs'r^Tf"©" Tf t-" © rt Ti Ov vp vp en rH rH in f^ in »n be CA> © vp vp r- en oo i CS Tf O rt 0\ cn cn rt f- CO rt t^ cn *-£ Ov rifi in rt r- cN m t^ •&••> rt «■ m vp m r- in t> CN cn vp Tf Tf m in tr- ov t~- cn en as cn Tf l> cs Ov cs vp r- cn Tf Tf © CN cn cn cS m !*» m © in- vo r> cs Ov CS vp Cn rt c- r- Tf o Tf m vp ov cs Tt tr- o*, rt tn rn rt rt"©" cs Tt rt 00 Ov m cs in c> Cfl* s-W* Os cA cn Tf vo © o in cn oi Os t- r— rt i- rt m cs VD Tf vo cn r- in ov (D 0O Os o\ rs rt rt cs vo OO rH cs m i-h oo cn rt ri cs" m" (A- <Sn tn o cn © rt C- oo cn cN Os i-t vo in s vO co cS © cn vp o ON CS in cs © m as m OO (S Tf cs o cs CS rt r-^cs q m" Tt » &^- TJ- rH rt © Ov Os 00 f- m oo I—i Tt VO o\ Tf VO Tf rt oo in Tt •n rH cn 00 cs CS Ov CS" r- Tf Vp CS cn oo CS ^5- /> . oo m Os c- m cn oo m cS Tf rt cn co CO q Tt rt^ tn (S rt ■* Ov cn"»n*oo"co r- co in vp in ov rt © rs © cn CTV Tf rn cs tr- &e- & PV Tf 0O rt CS ■* m © vo r- m Tt cs t-~ as n cA rr~ cA en ■CS CN rs Ov ri\D ~i cn d" ■n vO cS m n rN &e* j& J -*-*H 3 CJ s 1 •o i 4> ! OIj 1 rt : >. 6 rt •a j o lH _* o ^> ; a T3 £ i t*t CD . 1 o >» 3 0 o MS -a .. | Ci M 4 Ih ca CC vU It ' o tn *tt rt 1 rt rt CJ . »> O rt S 3 ca 2 >H £i a Ih ^ rO rt n *-** c3 mbe •ned tim salv to i< to 0 Tot :>tal nu rea bui anding mount amage amage H < w< :q REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 111 vo VO OS o g i 0 tt ftj £3 E tt o tt rt rt a Ph o o Q % H b l-H rt fe w rt o tt pq a l-H ss < tt cj CO rt rt •s '3 1 X W o >. u c o s u o u 3JIJ J3d 000'0I$ "ao »soo cs cs cn - cs © VO in © CO © 00 cn Tt CS 00 3JH J3d 000'OU oj O0O'S$ J3Ao JS0-3 vp cn (S Tt rH arii jad OOO'SS oj 000'1$ J3AO jso3 cn t^ oo Tt Tt vp VO ■n en cn CO cn CS •f Tt in 00 © CN aiiil jsd OOO'IJoiooiJjsoo Tt VP rt CA 00 I— rt OV OV C- ajij jsd 001$ ueui ssaq jso-~) «n m oo © vp riooohm es rt cs cs Tt Ov © Os vp m vp Tt m oo Tien SOUTAOJ,! UI S3JH Fiox JO juao raj oo oq cn en oo tn vp © ov vp JDIJJSIQ UI S3JIJ fEJOX JO JUS3 J3J rt cn en vp rn t**- en" oo Ov cs" t- vp tr- m t- j i jsquin*^ © en CN rt rt rt rn © oo en cn rt ca cn cn in rn © Ov | cs vp vp EA a 3 o 6 f •o u ■X] tn '3 M 1 W SOUTAOJJ UI SSljd IEJOX JO JU33 J3d t"; Ov 00 rt in Tt cn cn en \p © en j ! ! I j j j JOIJJSIQ UI SSJIJ IEJOX JO JU33 J3J OV t"; t% Tt t-; cs vp rt © r-^ cs cn cs Tt cs ! 1 1 jsquinivj cs r- vo Ov r> m co r- m cS CS rt O © rn 00 cn cn CO O U o u '? Ih CJ Xfi CA V u o O H (SJEIIOQ) sji-I jsoo jsd sjnjipusdxg aSEjaAy 184.15 1,835.25 1,784.50 559.36 396.29 Os nn VO oo oo © 8 juao ja,j CN oo vp rt cn en Tf en ov Ov cn cn rt j i 1 SJEHOQ 22,650 244,088 235,555 133,128 64,991 H Cl Tf 1 vp $ Os r- 00 ssiM Fiox CS © 00 Ov oo © rt in cn m Tt CS CN VP Tf SO © 8 CN © 8 s ti r 4 > I CJ t > i ■J cy Ih 01 P- C 3 1 P4C ■D c 3 E Cm pl i c c 1 1 1 4 j a S tf. i o H j a a Q it <U Pt OS) a tH I rt \o E 4, l- 4 P- CS L 3 Tt X 3 X iii (fi § CC t/i CD Ih e s tfi 4> CJ o e- Ph q 0 3 rt 3 vp te VO m rt m 8 0 TI -. ja OJ '™ JJ CJ .O 3 CN 3 on m rt t) r/1 c« ,, Q, CJ u (H cd t-> 0 £| c3 CJ ■a rn u aj l-f UO 112 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES tn Z o g 3 CJ w vi O ai PL, UMEjpiIJJAV S3SE3 cn Tf i cn pSSSIUISIQ S3SE3 "INI 33U3JU3S pspusdsns IOE0 UI 30U9JU3S pSAJSg i i i i i 8 c junoujy tn ! © m m ov ! o cs cs rt ! cn CS rt «■ 1 Tf Ov oo © •Eft- J3quin*\i tr- 11- t- <n vo CN •n S3DU3JJO snosuEipDSjm | c* | | Tt «N SUOIJEinSsg U.JIAV. sbuBpJODDV UI suqscj 3A0UI3>i puE sSeus IIEJ OJ 8UIIIEJ - 3JIJ usin8uijxg puE |ojjuo3 oj SuinE-i I- ] r-^ m jusuidinbg uon^ajojd-ajij J3dOJ<J UIEJUIEJM OJ SuijlEJ vp arnsoio jsajoj E 3UIU3AEJJUOO 1 ! ! ! ! j c- tn Tt Tt Tt 3UTJll8g-3JI^ UI 33UEJSTSSV J3P -U3H oj Suisnjsji N I 1 IV. JIUIJ3J jnoiiJiAV Suiujng rt ; vp vp 1 piEX UOIJEUIJOIUJ ov i © r- m en Tt u s C4 O o Uh a > S C c c a > a c = « 41 U 3 4. CJ c a, c 4. CJ p X 1 z 1 c I i i i } 1 j j | 4 j 3 | 'a Z ! 1 o H vC 3 ir o* 4 [ a > 3 QJ h REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 113 (113) CONTRACT FLYING, 1966 Fixed-wing Aircraft Forest District Base Type of Aeroplane Hours Flown Vancouver Smithers and various 335 Super Cub and various Otter, Cessna, Super Cub, Beaver- Beaver, Cessna, Super Cub Beaver, Apache 1,220 1,176 Kamloops Nelson Kamloops, Kelowna, and Williams Lake- Nelson 1,443 479 Total 4,653 Helicopters Forest District Base Type of Helicopter Hours Flown Vancouver Vancouver and Campbell River Smithers Prince George and Fort St. John _ Kamloops , Nelson and Cranbrook Hiller Hiller Hiller.. Bell G3B 316 409 1,075 527 Bell, Hiller 511 Total 2,838 Air Tankers Forest District Base Type of Aeroplane Hours Flown Prince George Smithers... Prince George Kamloops and Kelowna Cranbrook 8 258 Prince George Kamloops Nelson Canso Avenger, Cessna — Avenger, Cessna 115 403 205 Total 989 (114) NON-CONTRACT FLYING, 1966 Fixed-wing Aircraft Forest District Reconnaissance Transportation of Men and Supplies Water Bombing Total Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost 15 82 149 7 32 $735 2,050 8,868 222 1,437 7 134 23 13 114 88 $46,040 36,832 15 203 371 30 45 $735 $1,900 9,537 1,559 812 49,990 55,237 1,781 2,249 Totals 285 $13,312 177 $13,808 202 $82,872 664 $109,992 Helicopters Vancouver 4 2 $477 195 85 35 —-- 4 35 $477 Prince George $11,197 11,392 3,913 3,913 Totals 6 $672 120 $15,110 126 $15,782 114 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS OF SUPPRESSION-CREW FIRE-FIGHTING (H5) ACTIVITIES, 1966 Number of Fires Subsequent Spread (by Number of Fires) Size of Fire When Attacked Vi Acre or Less Over!4 Acre to 1 Acre Overl Acre to 5 Acres Over 5 Acres to 50 Acres Over 50 Acres 200 46 49 13 1 198 34 12 1 10 2 1 29 1 5 12 Over Vi acre and up to 1 acre Over 1 acre and up to 5 acres Over 5 acres and up to 50 acres Over 50 acres 1 1 1 1 Totals 309 244 13 30 18 4 (116) CONSTRUCTION OF PROTECTION ROADS AND TRAILS, 1966 Light Medium Heavy Total Miles 18 1,254 Miles 47 628 Miles 38 133 Miles 103 2,015 1,272 675 171 2,118 4 180 2 109 58 1 64 290 184 111 59 354 (H7) SUMMARY OF SNAG-FALLING, 1966, VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Acres 100,067 Total area logged, 1966 Logged in small exempted operations1 Assessed for non-compliance, less 21 acres subsequently felled. Balance logged acres snagged, 1966 Snags felled, 1966, by Forest Service Protection Division Snags felled, 1966, by Forest Service Reforestation Division.. 4,724 297 4,318 133 5,021 95,046 4,451 Total area snagged, 1966 99,497 i Exemption granted under subsection (3) of section 116 of the Forest Act. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 115 (118) SUMMARY OF LOGGING SLASH REPORTED IN 1966, VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Total area logged, 1966 Area covered by full hazard reports Covered by snag reports but exempted from slash disposal. 71,603 7,579 Covered by acreage reports only (exempted from slash and snag disposal) i 4,724 Acres 100,067 Slash created and not reported in 1966 . 83,906 16,161 1 Exemption granted under subsection (3) of section 116 of the Forest Act. ACREAGE ANALYSIS OF SLASH DISPOSAL REQUIRED, 1966, (119) VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Acres of Slash Prior to 1966 19661 Total Acres Broadcast burning 33,572 33,355 66,927 Spot burning 2,058 2,618 4,676 Totals j 35,630 35,973 71,603 1966 reports not recommending slash disposal 7,579 1966 slash on very small operations exempted without special examination 4,724 12,303 Total area of slash dealt with, 1966 83,906 1 Does not include the estimated 16,161 acres (see Table No. 118) created too late to be dealt with in 1966. ANALYSIS OF PROGRESS IN SLASH DISPOSAL, 1966, (120) VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Acres Total disposal required {see Table No. 119) 71,603 Aprpo r\f *CT fich Type of Disposal Prior to 1966 1966 Total Acres Spring broadcast burning 185 55 240 Spring spot burning 114 10 124 Fall broadcast burning 34,160 27,458 61,618 Fall spot burning 2,944 1,432 4,376 Total burning completed 37,403 28,955 66,358 Burning by accidental fires 188 Lopping, scattering, land-clearing, etc. 647 Total . 67,193 Balance reported slash not yet abated . . 3 4,410 Slash created, 1966, acres assessed 371 Plus slash created too late to be dealt with, 1966 1 16,161 Total area of slash carried over to 1967 for disposition 20,942 Actual area burned in spring spot burning, 27 acres. Actual area burned in fall spot burning, 638 acres. The above figures do not include 1965 slash-burn reports received too late for inclusion in 1965 Annual Report, 2,574 acres. 116 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES SUMMARY OF SLASH-BURN DAMAGE AND COSTS, 1966, (121) VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Total acres of forest-cover in slash fires, 1966 795 Net damage to forest-cover Net damage to cut products Net damage to equipment and property Total damage $52,674.52 255.00 Nil $52,929.52 (131) ENROLMENT AT ADVANCED COURSE, FOREST SERVICE TRAINING-SCHOOL, 1946-66 Forest District Forest Assistants, Cruisers, Etc. Rangers Acting Rangers Assistant Rangers Clerks Total Graduates Prince Rupert 2 1 1 — - 3 3 3 3 4 5 3 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 Attendance, 1966 4 | .... | __ 16 I 20 20 Attendance, 1965 _ — — — — Attendance, 1964 5 — — 15 — 20 20 Attendance, 1963 5 — — 15 .... 20 — Attendance, 1962 3 — 17 .... 20 20 Attendance, 1961 3 — — 17 .... 20 " "" Attendance, 1960_ 4 — — 17 — 21 21 Attendance, 1959 4 — — 17 — 21 — Attendance, 1959 — .... 21 — 21 21 Attc-ndanc-fi, 195R — — 21 _ 21 Attendance, 1957 4 — — 26 — 30 30 Attendance, 1956 4 _ — 26 — 30 3 — 18 — 21 21 Attendance, 1955 3 — — 18 — 21 — Attendance, 1954 — — 20 — 20 20 Attendance, 1953 — — — 21 — 21 — Attendance, 1953 — — — 20 — 20 20 Attendance, 1952 — — 20 — 20 — Attendance, 1951 3 3 15 — 21 21 Attendance, 1950 — 3 3 15 — 21 21 Atfnrtnnc-c-, 1Q4Q _ 3 2 16 — 21 Attendance, 1948 — 4 2 12 2 20 20 Attisnrlnnc-p, 1Q47 — 8 — 12 20 20 Attendance, 1946 — 2 9 9 20 20 Total graduates to December 31, 1966 1 1 — - 1 ... 1 295 Note.—From 1949/50 until 1962 the course was of nine months' duration, spread over Wi years. From 1946 to 1949, and commencing with Class 13, 1963, a six-month course is involved, spread over one year. REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE 1966 117 ENROLMENT AT BASIC COURSE, FOREST SERVICE (132) TRAINING-SCHOOL, 1962-66 Attendance, 1966 Attendance, 1965 Attendance, 1964 Attendance, 1963 Attendance, 1962 Total . Nil . 40 . 20 . 20 _ 20 Graduates Nil 40 20 20 20 Total graduates to December 31, 1966 Grand total of graduates, both courses . 100 395 (141) FOREST REVENUE, 1962-66 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1962 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1963 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1964 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1965 12 Months to Dec. 31, 1966 Timber-licence rentals and $352,418.29 19,795.95 73,139.35 500,208.12 26,315,940.41 346,627.67 2,433,175.10 137,118.26 550,949.16 161,447.52 $357,175.79 17,361.70 63,629.77 502,317.68 30,199,623.94 386,735.44 2,499,842.31 152,200.70 523,598.00 173,192.07 $362,707.84 15,639.09 68,446.06 510,469.54 37,221,058.19 487,503.76 2,610,292.87 139,313.50 522,672.70 210,330.47 $720,919.31 15,024.33 86,230.58 765,651.17 42,031,437.70 325,847.00 2,629,476.11 151,079.95 559,007.55 273,738.16 $771,170.84 Timber-berth rentals and fees Timber-lease rentals and fees Timber-sale rentals and fees.. 14,368.52 106,852.12 948,568.96 42,643,936.30 Timber-sale cruising and advertising Timber royalties Grazing permits and fees 223,236.17 3,079,058.68 153,507.63 570,202.65 245,350.02 212,275.98 1,379,936.16 Totals $30,890,819.83 $34,875,677.40 $42,148,434.02 $47,558,411.86 $50,348,464.03 118 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES Ov Tt cn vp ts Os Ov co © c Tt »n Tt m r- 00 en Ov e* 1 t> 00 f- m ^^ © CN rJ rt C > 0 3 s6ti\6c?Q\ cn © oo Tt cn O I Tt m CO Ov © i o< vd c m r i 3 1 1 .". 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HHHHHHHHHH -^ 5* og s O CO CO O c -c o 0 u 7: 3 d c E 8 -fi •a cd 0 OS "3 > Oh Ph W ^ REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 119 so so ai >< < vl I—I !J- r/T I o 0 z o o o I-l z H < < a o i o c/) H z § a < Xi JS rt sj -*!« •a c w-rt w |2£2* to C (0 ■3 ft oEh w 99 M CO ° & si in en cs en in vp -m r- in Ov Os g2 m w t co cN i in m c Os'cs"*' r- rt ' cs cs 3 Os oo oo 5 oo rt r- l cs Tt n Ov Tt c3s cn s—I - © Ov > Os f ■ C* vp • cs" © i rs vp ' © Ov £2 cs cn OS 00 cn m m vp Tt m cn oo r- cs ti ss o**3;PQ com co *n st in in vp cs © r- m oo cs cn © cs vp Tt m en Tt rt cs" rt •OT* oo m OS ri © en vp 00 Vp oo Tt cn CS" CS rt m c- tn © r- rt ri ©CS rt Tt m r-(Nrt OS en ^ 3 CO © m Tt r- 8 on vo r- m i-*- rts en r- © CN © © © CO OT OT* OT OT- OT* OT OT Vt OT ,_ 3 m i- CO vp vo Os rt OV r- t*- r-- f- © (TV r- o VP ri © ve tn oo Os OS r~> CN rs CN rj rS r) _ OT OT OT- OT «■ ■OT- t^e- a tn S vp in Tt vo vO vi encSrt©ovcot--vp vpvpvpvo>nmin,n OsOsOvOsOvOvOsOv cj ra ra ra ca 5«o o CO CO o g Hill ca *r *g rt cj o o H H o o o o o HHHHH 120 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (144) FOREST REVENUE, FISCAL YEAR 1965/66 Timber-licence rentals and fees $847,929.43 Timber-berth rentals and fees 14,992.19 Timber-lease rentals and fees 104,407.88 Timber-sale rentals and fees 888,653.62 Timber-sale stumpage 44,895,133.96 Timber-sale cruising and advertising 290,506.40 Timber royalties 2,892,250.68 Grazing permits and fees 142,740.69 Forest-protection tax 570,827.94 Miscellaneous 215,443.39 Total $50,862,886.18 (145) FOREST SERVICE EXPENDITURES, FISCAL YEAR 1965/66 General administration, protection, and management of forests $11,952,531 Reforestation and forest nurseries 756,096 Forest research 247,085 Public information and education 114,861 Forest Service training-school 128,472 Grant to Canadian Forestry Association 17,500 Engineering services and forest-development roads 5,034,132 Fire suppression 2,697,163 Forest surveys 1,299,281 Silviculture 1,601,614 Grazing Range Improvement Fund1 77,864 Peace River community pastures 9,668 Total $23,936,267 i Statement provided elsewhere. (146) SCALING FUND Deficit, April 1, 1965 $208,517.02 Collections, fiscal year 1965/66 2,003,583.98 $1,795,066.96 Expenditures, fiscal year 1965/66 1,843,907.70 Deficit, March 31, 1966 $48,840.74 Collections, nine months, April to December, 1966 1,535,870.78 $1,487,030.04 Expenditures, nine months, April to December, 1966 1,536,681.90 Deficit, December 31, 1966 $49,651.86 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1966 121 (147) GRAZING RANGE IMPROVEMENT FUND Surplus, April 1, 1965 Government contribution (section 13, Grazing Act) Expenditures, fiscal year 1965/66 . Surplus, March 31, 1966 Government contribution (section 13, Grazing Act) .. Expenditures, nine months, April to December, 1966 Surplus, December 31, 1966 $7,828.55 82,485.70 $90,314.25 77,863.56 $12,450.69 71,370.34 $83,821.03 52,566.77 $31,254.26 (148) PEACE RIVER POWER TIMBER SALVAGE Expenditures, fiscal year 1965/66 Recovered from British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority . Balance $897,534.76 897,524.76 $10.00 122 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES (151) DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONNEL, 1966 Personnel Vancouver! Prince Rupert Prince George Kamloops Nelson Vic- toria2 Total Continuously Employed Deputy Minister, Chief Forester, and Assistant Chief Foresters Division Foresters Directors of Grazing and Public Information .. Forest Counsel and Personnel Officers District Foresters and Assistant District Foresters. Foresters Agrologists and Agrologists-in-training.. Engineers- Forest Protection Officers- Technical Forest Officers ... Superintendent of Scaling and Assistants_ Scalers, Official.. Scalers, Official, temporary Comptroller, Accountant, Audit Assistants, and Administrative Officers Engineering, Mechanical and Radio . Public Information Officers Public Information Assistants Reforestation, Research, and Survey Assistants.. Nursery Superintendents _ Draughtsmen and Mapping Assistants Clerks, Stenographers, and Messengers Superintendent and Foremen, Forest Service Maintenance Depot Mechanics, Carpenters, and Technicians- Launch Crewmen Forest Assistants Truck, Tractor, and Equipment Operators . Foremen Miscellaneous3 . Totals, continuous personnel.. Seasonally Employed Technical Forest Officers Patrolmen Lookoutmen Dispatchers, Radio Operators, and Clerks.. Fire-suppression Crewmen- Reforestation—Snag-fallers, Planters, etc.- _ Truck, Tractor, and Equipment Operators Student and Survey Assistants and Engineering Aides Forest Assistants Foremen Miscellaneous*.. Totals, seasonal personnel- Totals, all personnel 2 13 3 99 15 69 86 1 16 5 99 6 23 18 33 6 7 7 508 38 6 48 3 6 5 12 126 2 81 2 4 34 35 5 1 2 198 1 23 2 21 2 12 2 3 95 3 33 2 14 5 1 130 3 22 1 5 2 10 2 2 110 3 1 2 4 7 2 3 104 29 4 35 5 35 54 2 5 33 53 3 4 25 31 2 8 14 2 1 42 1 34 98 63 1 9 11 32 121 4 7 2 3 10 162 9 29 15 550 26 70 148 10 47 2 1 42 1 57 324 6 99 27 215 29 40 137 260 | 279 202 | 625 | 2,072 12 1 31 3 20 30 10 32 4 61 2 12 2 5 41 8 54 10 5 ....- 1 74 23 1,138 23 67 97 54 67 45 7 165 23 204 1,181 42 67 117 63 181 58 1 120 | 116 206 1,469 | 2,095 634 | 256 I 380 | 395 408 I 2,094 4,167 1 Includes Vancouver Scaling and Forest Service Maintenance Depot. 2 Includes all divisional field staff except research personnel assigned to districts. s Includes Stockmen, Cooks, Flunkeys, Timekeepers, Utility Men, Key-punch and Data Processing Operators, Photographers, and Construction Accountants. 4 Includes Bridgemen, Powdermen, Carpenters, Launch Crew, Mechanics, Watchmen, Labourers, and Rock Drillers. Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1967 2,260-267-1957
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REPORT of the FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1966 British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1967]
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Title | REPORT of the FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1966 |
Alternate Title | DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS, AND WATER RESOURCES |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1967] |
Extent | Foldout Map: PROGRESS OF FOREST-COVER MAPPING BASED ON MAINTENANCE SURVEYS AND UNIT SURVEYS OF AREAS UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1966; Foldout Map: STATUS OF SUSTAINED-YIELD FORESTRY PROGRAMME AS AT DECEMBER 31, 1966 |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1967_V01_05_001_122 |
Collection |
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2018-03-02 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0364194 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
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