PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION Hon. E. C. Westwood, Minister D. B. Turner, Deputy Minister REPORT OF THE Department of Recreation and Conservation containing the reports of the FISH AND GAME BRANCH, PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH, BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU, PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH, AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH Year Ended December 31 1962 Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1963 Victoria, B.C., January 24, 1963. To Major-General the Honourable George Randolph Pearkes, V.C., P.C., C.B., D.S.O., M.C., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Recreation and Conservation for the year ended December 31, 1962. E. C. WESTWOOD, Minister of Recreation and Conservation. Victoria, B.C., January 24, 1963. The Honourable E. C. Westwood, Minister of Recreation and Conservation. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Recreation and Conservation for the year ended December 31, 1962. D. B. TURNER, Deputy Minister of Recreation and Conservation. CONTENTS Page Introduction by the Deputy Minister of Recreation and Conservation 7 Fish and Game Branch 11 Provincial Parks Branch 1 33 British Columbia Government Travel Bureau 47 Provincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology 55 Photographic Branch 63 Commercial Fisheries Branch 71 m m j o 3 .... > a S 2 5 fcj "S t\ o O ft! W 'A H EC Q M S £ > n U -1 G *ri ' 3-s-> X Oi o u. *3 ft! M o (!• Pi M w S 3 2 O „2 o z < O x o U) w h tt p s < O II <u "0 a|i : > S * : *w ! £ : 'SS^ i 8|. us ■ to I u 8 , Q.< " ; " ,.. 3 « £3 S : s « L §5 s° 2 £ H ^ ■S f s tn : n Ut : < i * i 1 sa . 0 is 1 a : < *» -■ n 0 n O III ;. : ." * « Ii" 111 if I *^ 1" w 3 5 Q 2 .S -3 « £ ,« i ^ £ -.£~-Ortqrt™ ° 5- i C ., ^ O O " ffl O IS 121- ° e b W — .5 .a t) o S o O Jo 111 3 fa § D P rT SH a <ft £ s its ^M U cfl CO ii . o , 2X^ •- e r? t J fc ■ >S a ! c: >• d -S O > -J 2 Vi U Z (4 z W O < . ti S « M ' rt > S i ro c ? 3 '^ t^ o f « Oi D O O X > J 0 O Z M U J2 ^0 5^ a „ Ph ■ w .g "g ■** Cm 0.5 ° 30 ^ « ft! ^ - ffi R ^ o .1 S = <-2g. Report of the Department of Recreation and Conservation, 1962 D. B. Turner, Deputy Minister and Commissioner of Fisheries INTRODUCTION During 1962 almost every activity of the Department contributed directly or indirectly toward making the year a record one for the tourist industry. The improvement of parks, the excellent condition of game stocks, the vigorous activity of the Travel Bureau, the excellence of the Museum, and the attention drawn to the Province by the record salmon harvest, all influenced the record total of more than 3,700,000 visitors and the estimated value of the tourist industry amounting to $145,000,000. This was an increase of $30,000,000 over the 1961 record high of $115,000,000. Game stocks in almost every species continued to supply recreation for increasing numbers of hunters. It is expected there was a slight increase in the number of resident hunters entering the field in 1962 over 1961, with relatively the same ratio of success. It is noteworthy that in 1961 British Columbia provided twenty-one trophy- winners in the Boone and Crockett competition for North American big game, more than any other Province or State on the continent. During the year, 415 lakes were stocked with trout, an increase of fifty over 1961, good news for the increasing number of British Columbia anglers and certainly an attraction for those from less fortunate areas of the continent. The programme of lake clearance and rehabilitation continued, with fewer but larger lakes receiving treatment. The Provincial park system continued to increase in use, with 3.7 million people utilizing the developed portions of the 6,376,580 acres of Provincial parks. Public interest in the historic site of Barkerville continued to mount, and an estimated 107,000 people visited the old town, a phenomenal increase over the 25,000 visitors in 1961. The nature interpretation programme continued to grow in popularity, with the centres at Miracle Beach, Manning Park, and Shuswap Lake attracting more than 54,000 people. The Shuswap Lake Nature Centre, opened during the year, attracted 16,000 visitors. Nature-trail conducted walks also proved to be extremely popular and edifying. The Provincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology in Victoria celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary during 1962, and more than 270,000 people visited it during the year. This was more than two and a half times the number of visitors in any previous year. The Photographic Branch, aside from coping with a continuous flow of darkroom work and special projects for " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine, released five excellent motion pictures and continued work on three others. All of these films and the many others previously released have contributed to the attracting of many visitors to the Province. A record catch of pink salmon reflected favourably on the scope of our offshore fisheries, although other species were slightly lower than the 1961 pack. More than S 8 BRITISH COLUMBIA 10,000 visitors, a great many from Alberta, were attracted to the Shuswap Lake area to witness the spawning run of the Adams River sockeye. This run, which appears every four years, has engendered the " Salute to the Sockeye " celebrations in the Chase-Salmon Arm area, and is proving a great attraction to visitors from all parts of the Province and adjacent States. As a result of another Christmas sales-promotion programme, the subscription list for the award-winning Beautiful British Columbia magazine has soared to more than 25,000, with an average quarterly sale of approximately 70,000 copies. MR. FRANK R. BUTLER The sportsmen of British Columbia, as well as all of us in the Department of Recreation and Conservation, witnessed the closing of a most illustrious career in the field of game management with the retirement of Fish and Game Director Frank Raymond Butler on July 4, 1962, after more than forty-eight years' service to the Fish and Game Branch. I believe this to be a record of service in the field of game administration. Mr. Butler at all times pursued a course that he felt was in the best interests of the Province's sportsmen, and the fact British Columbia today enjoys one of the healthiest game stocks in the world is due in no small measure to his dedication to duty and his willingness to accept new challenges and new concepts of game management. Therefore, may I extend to him and to Mrs. Butler the best wishes of every member of the Department, as well as those of everyone who knew and respected him throughout the years. HIGHLIGHTS OF 1962 FISH AND GAME BRANCH DEER STOCKS PLENTIFUL Deer harvests on Vancouver Island continue to mount, and deer stocks are improving to meet the increasing hunting-pressure. HYDRO-ELECTRIC STUDIES Extensive studies of the ecological effects from proposed hydro-electric flooding were continued. HATCHERY PROGRAMME Trout liberations increased by fifty lakes over 1961 for a total of 415 lakes stocked during the year. PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH PARK USE INCREASE More than 3.7 million people utilized British Columbia's 6,376,580 acres of park lands. NATURE HOUSES POPULAR Nature centre use at Miracle Beach, Manning Park, and Shuswap Lake increased by 40 per cent over 1961. BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU RECORD YEAR FOR VISITORS An estimated 3,625,000 people visited the Province, to contribute $145,000,- 000 to the Provincial economy. TOURIST SURVEY UNDERTAKEN A first survey of the tourist-industry market was completed during the year and is proving invaluable to those engaged in the industry. CONVENTION SECTION ADDED A Convention Director was appointed to the Travel Bureau to aid in attracting national conventions to British Columbia. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY SEVENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY The Museum celebrated seventy-five years of cultural contribution to the Province. 9 S 10 BRITISH COLUMBIA RECORD ATTENDANCE More than 270,000 people visited the Museum during the season. This is two and a half times more than in any previous season. PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH NEW FILMS Five new films, produced by the Branch, were released during the year. " Play It Safe," an outdoors safety film, has been hailed as one of the finest of its kind ever made. COLOUR PRODUCTION Approximately 2,500 colour pictures were taken during the year, to answer a rising demand for colour prints of the Province from all parts of the world. Many were used in the production of Beautiful British Columbia magazine. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH RECORD RUN OF PINK SALMON A record run of pink salmon brightened an otherwise drab picture of the 1962 fishery harvest. The pink harvest set an all-time record of 1,187,933 cases. ADAMS RIVER RUN A successful spawning of Adams River sockeye took place in October and attracted much attention to the fishery resources of the Province. FISH and GAME BRANCH Scuba divers of the Fish and Game Branch during winter studies on Corbett Lake near Merritt. ; "*t JP *m .■:-::'--- vti» Aerial survey of elk. Frank Raymond Butler, Director of the Fish and Game Branch, retired from that position on July 4, 1962, after more than forty-eight years of public service. He joined the Game Department on April 1, 1914, and, with the exception of three years' overseas service in World War I, remained with it until his retirement. S 14 BRITISH COLUMBIA FISH AND GAME BRANCH James Hatter, Assistant Director ADMINISTRATION The year 1962 was one of the most eventful in the history of wildlife administration in British Columbia. Apart from numerous administrative changes, it marked the end of a long and outstanding career by Director Frank R. Butler, who retired in July after forty-eight years of service. Attention was directed toward achieving a higher level of participation of the Conservation Officers in all functions of the Branch. More responsibility for organization and supervision at the field level was placed upon the Inspectors and the District Supervisor to achieve integration. The objective is to have all field staff identified as much as possible with the Branch as a whole rather than the particular division to which individuals belong for administrative purposes. In this way, integration of activities and work satisfaction may be stimulated and greater efficiency achieved. Headquarters of the Fish and Game Branch was moved from Vancouver to Victoria in May, to its present location in the Temple Building at 525 Fort Street. Coincident with this move, the Vancouver office was relocated from 567 Burrard Street to 787 Hornby Street, in the newly created British Columbia Information Centre. Mr. G. A. West, under the new title and position of District Supervisor, assumed charge of " E " Game Division and administrative head of the new centre. The District Supervisor is responsible for co-ordinating all Fish and Game Branch activities in the Division, and as Departmental representative may be called upon for administration and co-ordination of Departmental activities in the Lower Mainland area. Along with these changes, former " B " Division Inspector C. E. Estlin was moved from Nelson to the Victoria headquarters as Chief, Conservation Officers. This new position was created to provide an administrative head for the Conservation Officers, who, unlike'the technical game and fisheries division, had been without a headquarters supervisor. The vacancy left by Mr. Estlin was filled by the promotion of Conservation Officer J. P. Gibault to Inspector, " B " Division. Other changes in senior positions included the promotion of Mr. D. J. Robinson to Chief, Game Management, to fill the vacancy left by Dr. James Hatter upon his appointment to Assistant Director of the Fish and Game Branch. Former Regional Game Biologist P. W. Martin replaced Mr. Robinson as Assistant Chief, Game Management. The vacancy left by Conservation Officer J. P. Gibault at Williams Lake was filled by Mr. H. D. Mulligan as Senior Conservation Officer. This officer is responsible for supervision of three Conservation Officers in the Cariboo and Chilcotin Districts, under the direction of Inspector L. G. Smith. Supervision of field staff in these areas has been facilitated by appointment of an intermediate supervisor at Williams Lake. The first steelhead punch-card was introduced in 1962, but its return by anglers is voluntary rather than compulsory. Some question arises whether satisfactory information will be gathered from this non-compulsory system. Further attention to Federal-Provincial cost-sharing in fisheries and wildlife resulted in preparation of a brief supporting the need for Federal aid. The brief was DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 15 presented by Dr. D. B. Turner at the Canadian Tourist Association Conference at Ottawa in November. Further representation was made to the Federal Department of Transport to obtain much-needed delegated authority for the control and regulation of small vessels on inland waters of the Province. This authority is required in the interest of safety and recreational pursuits. Despite efforts to promote hunting safety and reduce the number of accidents this year, I am sorry to report that in 1962 there has been a slight increase in fatal hunting accidents. In total, however, hunting accidents were fewer than last year, which is encouraging. For the third consecutive year, the in-service training programme was continued at the Green Timbers forestry school. This was the final year for the initial course of training, which will be followed in 1963 by a new programme of instruction. In November the motor-vessel " P.G.D. No. 2 " was replaced by a 28-foot sea skiff, thus marking a new trend toward smaller, faster boats for patrol purposes on Coastal waters along the Southern Mainland and Vancouver Island. The Fish and Game Branch is most thankful for the co-operation and assistance received from the other branches of the Department and from other departments of the Provincial Government. Likewise, the assistance frequently rendered members of the Branch by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is gratefully acknowledged. GAME MANAGEMENT General Licence sales indicate increasing interest and participation in hunting. Resident firearms licences increased from 101,000 in 1957 to 120,500 in 1961. This trend is being stimulated by improved access to hunting areas, better highways, a relatively high rate of hunter success, and a general increase in the population. Industrial developments in the north, especially in the Peace River region, have resulted in a large increase in the population and a corresponding increase in numbers of people taking advantage of the excellent hunting in the surrounding area. Not only do these residents take advantage of the sport locally, they also invite many friends from the centres of population to share their good fortune. More hunters are using areas previously unexploited, and, indeed, the hunting public is becoming increasingly mobile and less wedded to traditional hunting-grounds. Game Regulations A policy of liberalization of hunting regulations based on game supply and hunter demand has been implemented over the past five years. The liberalizations were brought about only after careful field inventories of game and checks of hunter success. During this period, season extensions and liberalizations were implemented for caribou, including the innovation of harvesting female caribou. Extensions and liberalization of moose and deer seasons were also initiated, and these involved the cropping of females in most areas of the Province. Seasons and bag limits for the taking of native grouse have been liberalized due to recognition of the fact that hunter kill contributes little to the total factors causing mortalities in these birds and so affects their fluctuations to a negligible extent. The costly and inefficient practice of releasing pheasants was abandoned in 1958, with no decrease in the average yearly harvest thereafter. Following the trend S 16 BRITISH COLUMBIA in pheasant management in North America, and several years of successful cropping of hen pheasants on Vancouver Island, hen seasons were declared on the Lower Mainland and Kootenays in 1962, further contributing to the efficiency of harvest of these birds. Waterfowl seasons have not been curtailed in British Columbia to the extent that has been necessary in the remainder of Canada. The Pacific flyway has enjoyed excellent water conditions, and hence waterfowl stocks have not suffered to the same extent as those of the Prairie Provinces. Game Harvests Game harvests continue to increase year by year, due to the increasing mobility of hunters, a good standing population of all game species, and improved regulations. Weather conditions have been favourable for the past five years, resulting in excellent survival of big-game animals. This year, however, the grouse harvest declined due to a natural reduction in all species throughout the Province. This is a regular occurrence and will be followed by a natural return to their former abundance. A comparison of total harvests of major species of game taken during the past five years is contained in the following table:— Game-harvest Estimates from the Hunter Sample Questionnaire 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Ducks 346,000 432,100 390,200 390,000 377,200 Grouse 304,880 554,800 365,000 344,000 413,600 Pheasant 44,600 70,000 50,700 46,600 57,100 Moose 9,900 11,500 12,200 11,300 15,200 Elk 1,800 3,100 2,300 2,300 3,500 Deer ' 47,400 59,700 61,400 58,600 67,000 Although many checking-stations are operated throughout the Province, the permanent one at Cache Creek especially gathers data which provide an excellent measure of hunter success in Central British Columbia. Cache Creek Checking-station Totals, 1957-62 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 Deer Moose Black bear Caribou Elk Mountain sheep Mountain goat Waterfowl 2,245 2,799 179 48 4 24 91 8,193 11,027 14,146 2,345 3,064 113 45 3 43 82 8,985 19,351 14,763 2,732 2,645 225 60 5 23 65 7,563 7,853 14,938 3,295 2,919 140 106 9 50 121 6,890 5,701 17,902 4,800 4,175 121 104 12 56 112 7,942 12,000 20,757 3,690 4,833 158 142 39 44 122 8,424 6,188 23,291 During the course of their duties, Fish and Game Branch personnel interviewed approximately 100,000 hunters in the field and checked about 20,000 big-game animals. This represents a doubling of effort over the past five years. Data are recorded for each animal checked, and these are subsequently compiled, correlated, DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 17 and analysed to provide an invaluable body of information for use in evaluating current management practices. Resource Use Hunting Licence Sales, 1958 to 1962, Inclusive Resident Hunters Non-resident Hunters 1958 109,208 3,116 1959 113,599 3,185 1960 118,608 3,876 1961 120,640 3,937 1962 126,330 4,504 It will be noted that resident licences increased by 20 per cent during the past five-year period and that non-resident hunters increased by 44 per cent. It must be remembered that in addition to the consumptive users of the game resource, there are innumerable non-consumptive users of the same resource, such as photographers, hikers, and naturalists, who enjoy seeing wildlife at all times of the year. The Fish and Game Branch is aware of the value of wildlife to non-consumptive users, and their interests are always considered. Game Inventories Game inventories are an essential part of the game-management programme. Inventories, such as aerial moose counts, post-winter deer surveys, spring counts to determine yearling survival, and summer surveys, are all necessary to correlate with road-check information and hunter-success figures to fulfil the needs of a balanced management programme. Moose.—Aircraft are used extensively to obtain inventories and statistical data relating to moose populations. It is the only medium of transportation versatile and efficient enough to enable extensive observations over large areas in the short periods of time available each year. Aerial surveys were made in seven major moose-producing areas immediately following the close of the 1961 hunting seasons, and a total of 3,122 moose was classified as to age and sex. Subsequently, spring counts were carried out in March and April of 1962 to determine the survival of calves over the winter. During these counts, 2,468 moose were classified as to age. Comparison of the age structure of the various moose populations indicates that G.M.A. 14 (Clinton-Williams Lake region) and that part of G.M.A. 21 in the Peace River District had the best reproductive success. These areas had a post-hunting-season calf crop of 28 and 32 per cent respectively. Productive moose herds such as these can stand heavy hunting pressure without danger of depletion. Deer.—A bumper crop of deer was harvested last year, but owing to a very mild autumn and some winter losses due to crusted snow, the 1962 deer harvest in the Interior will not equal that of 1961. It is anticipated, however, that the Vancouver Island deer harvest will set new records. During extensive post-season surveys of deer, in conjunction with other game species, 1,790 deer were classified in 1961. Post-winter deer counts were made in March, 1962, in most of the major deer ranges of the Interior, and a total of almost 4,000 animals was classified. On Vancouver Island, counts totalling 1,263 animals were made in five areas. Fawn survival throughout the Province varied from average to excellent. These field data were verified during the 1962 hunting season. S 18 BRITISH COLUMBIA Caribou.—Caribou are becoming more popular with improved access to caribou ranges. Observations in the northern part of Tweedsmuir Park and the Telkwa Mountains indicated a calf-to-yearling survival of 25 per cent. This is a most satisfactory index of reproduction for caribou. Elk.—The status of elk on Vancouver Island remains unchanged. The Kootenay herds produce the major proportion of the annual Provincial harvest. Spring surveys indicated that these herds, had wintered well. During the course of game surveys in the Peace River, special attention was given to the indigenous elk. These scattered herds are of great interest as they are residual from the pre-white exploration period and may well be genetically distinct from the elk in the remainder of North America. These northern animals are large and should furnish many excellent trophies in the future. Other Big Game.—Aerial reconnaissance was conducted in the Cassiar District to determine the status of caribou, sheep, and other game species in the area. During this field trip, 795 stone sheep, 117 caribou, and 276 mountain goat were recorded. This preliminary work pointed out the need for more detailed surveys and inventories in view of increased hunting pressure. At present these populations appear to be in a satisfactory state, but more knowledge is essential if efficient management is to be undertaken coincident with increased hunter access. Game Birds.—Grouse experienced a Province-wide decline, which was largely attributed to inclement weather conditions. The species most affected—namely, ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, and sharp-tailed grouse—are known to be cyclic, and the decline coincided with the anticipated crash. A normal recovery is expected over the next four or five years. Chukar partridges suffered heavy losses in the Thompson Valley due to winter blizzards and subsequent crusted snow conditions. Reproduction by surviving birds was excellent, and in some areas good shooting occurred. Chukar stocks in the South Okanagan are in a most satisfactory condition. Pheasant populations declined sharply on Vancouver Island but maintained themselves well on the Lower Mainland and in the Okanagan, where some excellent harvests were obtained. A hen season was initiated on the Lower Mainland, and the data collected indicated that it has been quite successful. Publications " Management of Moose by Population Ratios," by D. J. Robinson, was presented at the Forty-second Annual Conference of Western Association of State Fish and Game Commissions in Seattle, Wash., July, 1962. "The California Bighorn in British Columbia," by Lawson G. Sugden, published in 1961, was awarded first place in the technical publications section of the annual competition of the American Association for Conservation Information. Note In the 1961 Boone and Crockett competition for North American big game, British Columbia provided twenty-one trophy-winners. This is more than any other State or Province and illustrates the variety and quality of British Columbia's big game. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 19 COMPARISON OF 1962 CACHE CREEK GAME CHECK WITH 5 YEAR AVERAGE (1958-62 Inc). 40-/<n- 5 YEAR Av. V*A°i> 1958-62 Inc. ZO'li ■ 40°1S- ui Q Q COMPARISON OF 1961 PROVINCE WIDE GAME HARVES 30 •/.- T ES TI MATES WITH 5 YEAR AVERAGE. (1957- 1961) I n c r e a s e 20'/*- I f / i / 10°/.- 1 ♦15°/. , , , / i ♦26 V., 5 YEAR Av. + 5 V.. O 1957-61 Inc. '& LU 1 I at UI LI YAz.v. D e c r e a 1 Mi m Q 3 i 8 ■ S 20 BRITISH COLUMBIA PREDATOR CONTROL Complaints involving predators increased 53.7 per cent over the numbers recorded during the previous year, and damage to live stock and other property also increased but not proportionately. Table I illustrates the complaints that were received and attended during the period. Table I.—Species Complaints Bears 352 Dogs 96 Cougars 207 Sundry1 257 Co votes 105 Wolves __._ 21 Total 1,038 1 Includes all other species. Bear complaints and the numbers taken increased very sharply over the entire Province, with the exception of portions of the Lower Mainland Coast and Vancouver Island. This increase approached the order of 200 per cent on the Province- wide basis Most field personnel were of the opinion that natural foods were in short supply and bears were forced into or near areas of habitation for sustenance. There were no individual instances of outstanding damage, but the species as a ••-/hole did inflict measureable losses or damage. In some instances, bears became a serious nuisance around camp-sites and resorts. Cougar complaints and sightings also increased sharply during 1961, as did the numbers taken. Complaints almost doubled over 1961, and the numbers taken increased by slightly more than 70 per cent. Damage to domestic stock was not severe, but a few individual cougars inflicted heavy losses locally before they were destroyed. Cougar populations are on the increase over most of their range. Coyotes were responsible for a slightly smaller number of incidents, but not significantly so. The populations are being kept in check very successfully, with one or two exceptions. Late in 1962 a noticeable increase was observed in the Bridesville-Grand Forks district, where it is believed a sizeable number emigrated from Washington State. Actual damage to domestic stock was lower than in 1961. Wolves caused a slighdy increased number of complaints, but only two incidents involved the destruction of domestic stock. The policy of not treating wilderness areas was maintained over the entire Province, as there was no justification for the destruction of wolf populations within these districts. Game herds appeared more than adequate to withstand predation by an even larger population of wolves. Complaints of dogs destroying game and domestic animals remained high, unchanged from the previous year. Damage was high in total and shows no sign of lessening. Bitter complaints were received when numerous dogs were allowed to roam at large and chase wild animals into towns in many points of the Interior. Much time and effort were expended in the investigation of dog complaints, but in most instances little could be done to alleviate the situation under the circumstances. Predation caused by " sundry " predators was considerable in total but quite low in terms of individual complaints. Bobcats and skunks maintained their numbers, but raccoons were comparatively few. Red foxes in the Lower Mainland apparently decreased in numbers. Intensive trapping operations were continued in the Fraser Valley, and the decline in complaints received and the number of foxes taken reflect the success of the programme. The opossum population has increased tremendously during the past two years, but damage is negligible. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 21 Table II shows the numbers of the more important mammalian predators taken by Fish and Game Branch personnel during 1960, 1961, and 1962. Table II Species Bears Bobcats Cougars 127 Coyotes Dogs (wild) 242 Foxes Raccoons Skunks Wolves Totals 2,076 1,882 1,819 Table III illustrates the numbers of other mammalian predators taken by personnel during 1961 and 1962. Table III Species 1961 1962 Cats (wild) 788 702 Gophers 1,106 344 Lynx 6 6 Opossums 31 120 Wolverines . 4 2 I960 1961 1962 370 196 ill 131 114 111 127 67 155 617 570 336 242 218 151 243 317 279 139 78 81 183 315 323 24 7 11 Totals 1,035 1,174 Table IV shows the numbers of avian predators destroyed by Fish and Game Branch personnel during 1961 and 1962. Table IV Species 1961 1962 Crows 2,404 1,709 Eagles 1 Hawks 50 9 Magpies 622 445 Mergansers 19 23 Owls 17 2 Ravens 224 291 Starlings 559 594 Totals 3,896 3,073 Some 1,213 baiting-stations were established during the winter months for the control of wolves and coyotes. Of these, 965 were placed by the use of aircraft and the remaining 248 were distributed by ground crews. All but a few were placed in the Interior of the Province. Control, particularly of coyotes, was effective in all districts. No wilderness area was treated during the past year. The rodent-control programme was again expanded, and 34,000 acres of crop lands and orchards were treated for the control of groundsquirrels and pocket gophers. Control measures were exercised in the East Kootenay, Boundary District S 22 BRITISH COLUMBIA (Bridesville-Westbridge), South Okanagan, North Okanagan, North Thompson, South Cariboo, and the Princeton areas. Demand for rodent control continued to increase, but with conversion to almost full mechanization it was possible to maintain a good level of service. Damage to crops and orchards has been drastically reduced, especially in instances where land-owners have continued with a follow-up programme of their own to eliminate stragglers and prevent reinfestations. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT Lake Rehabilitation Table I.—Fishing-licence Sales, 1958—62 Resident Non-resident 1958 129,083 39,745 1959 134,690 42,933 1960 139,383 44,240 1961 139,945 46,048 1962 144,084 52,836 Table 11'.—Number and Volume of Rehabilitated Lakes, 1956-62 Year 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 Number of Lakes Treated - 13 13 57 . 18 . 14 Acre-feet Treated 22,000 115,000 211,000 98,644 164,582 145,193 80,033 As most of the smaller accessible lakes which would benefit from chemical treatment to remove coarse fish have now been treated, attention is being directed to the larger and more difficult lake systems. Two major projects undertaken in 1962 were Roche and Paul Lakes near Kamloops. Due to the complexity of Roche Lake drainage area and its multitude of small tributary streams, lakes, and beaver ponds, a helicopter was successfully used for the first time in British Columbia on this type of project. Fishing success in rehabilitated lakes continued to be excellent during the year. Kawkawa Lake near Hope is open to fishing, and for the first time is producing large catches of rainbow trout. Through co-operation with the Royal Canadian Corps of Army Engineers a public access road and boat-launching site was built at the lake, and these facilities have contributed greatly to the programme's success. Particularly good results from rehabilitated lakes over the Province were reported from Heffley and Stump Lakes near Kamloops, 'Pinaus Lake near Falkland, Ness Lake near Prince George, and Edwards Lake near Fernie. Table II summarizes the Fish and Game Branch lake-rehabilitation programme during the period 1956 to 1962. Stream Surveys The lake-survey programme was discontinued during 1962 in order to catch up on the processing of an accumulation of data. Information is sorely needed from major streams in the Province for purposes of fishing regulations, general management, pollution control, and hydro-electric projects. For these reasons a stream DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 23 survey was started, and the crew concentrated on streams in the Vancouver Island, Cariboo, and Prince George districts. It is expected that much valuable information will be obtained, and that stream surveys will prove as profitable as lake surveys have been in the past. Kootenay Lake Study By closing the spawning-grounds to fishing at all times and by imposing special closures on Kootenay Lake, the numbers of fish in the spawning run of large Kootenay Lake trout in the Lardeau River have been increasing. At the peak of the run in 1962, these large (up to 25 pounds) rainbow trout numbered 258 fish, which represents the largest count since 1957. Although there have been annual fluctuations in numbers, it is apparent that the run is increasing in size. As a matter of interest, the number of fish taken over 14 inches in length was the largest number since the Fish and Game Branch commenced keeping creel census records some eight years ago. A number of eggs taken from the Lardeau River run of Kootenay Lake fish have been raised in the Summerland hatchery and planted in Niskonlith Lake near Chase. It is hoped that the fish in this lake will grow rapidly, allowing eggs to be taken, which can then be planted back into the Lardeau River. The experiment has been designed in the hope of increasing the numbers of young fish in the Lardeau River, which in turn might increase future runs of adult fish to the Lardeau spawning- grounds. Whether or not Niskonlith Lake can support a year-round sport fishery as well as sufficient trout eggs for the Lardeau remains to be seen. Hydro-electric Fish Studies Money granted from the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority enabled a survey crew to conduct studies of the areas to be flooded by the proposed High Arrow, Mica Creek, and Duncan Lake dams. Much of the work this year concentrated on the Duncan Lake area, since little was known about the effects a dam there might have on Kootenay Lake and its sport fishery. Stream surveys were conducted on the Arrow Lakes to assess kokanee spawning runs. The Big Bend area of the Mica Creek reservoir was also investigated. In connection with the Fraser River Board studies, fisheries surveys were carried out on lakes and streams in the headwater areas of the Fraser River. A somewhat similar survey of Morice River and lake, where hydro-electric development is less imminent, was also undertaken. A submission outlining the fish, game, and recreational resources of the proposed Peace River reservoir area was presented at a public hearing on this development. This presentation included recommendations. A brief was presented at the Puntledge River hearings, conducted by Dean H. L. Angus, inquiring into the effects on the salmon and steelhead fisheries of the Puntledge River by the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority power development. The Fish and Game Branch, together with the Federal Fisheries Department, contended that fish-protective devices were required in order to prevent these valuable runs of fish from being seriously depleted. Deans Angus later ruled in favour of the fisheries proposals and recommended that they be incorporated into the project for the protection of these resources. Steelhead Management A report assessing the steelhead planting programme on the Coquidam River was prepared. Since the initiation of steelhead stocking in 1957, a total of 35,140 smolts (all marked by fin clipping) has been released on an experimental basis. S 24 BRITISH COLUMBIA From the smolts released a total of seventy-two fin-clipped adult steelhead have been verified as caught. Considering total reported returns from the Coquitlam River (1957-61), 475 smolts, representing a total cost of $137.13, were required to produce each reported returning adult fish. Lower costs have been obtained for some specific plantings; for example, a 1957 release of smolts resulted in the return of twenty-six marked steelhead, representing a cost of $69.30 a fish. If full allowance for incomplete returns is taken into account, the cost would appear to be in excess of $35 per adult fish caught. These results were similar to studies conducted on the Vedder River and elsewhere, and, as a result, it has been concluded that the experimental planting of hatchery-reared steelhead smolts, while of considerable research value and an aid to the hatchery in developing steelhead planting techniques, is prohibitive as a general management technique at the present time. As a result, the Cultus Lake hatchery has discontinued the propagation of steelhead and is concentrating on the production of badly needed rainbow trout for the Lower Mainland district. Green Lake Study Since Green Lake in the Cariboo District was reported to be saline and unsuitable for rainbow trout, 125,000 chinook-salmon fingerlings were released in the hope of establishing these as a sport fishery. This technique has worked on occasion elsewhere. Additional plantings will be carried out in 1963, then the results will be assessed through netting. It is important to note that no chinook were netted from Green Lake in an experimental set in October of 1962, but additional nettings may be more productive at a later date, when any surviving chinooks should be larger. Eastern Brook Trout Plantings It has been found that the Eastern brook trout thrives and attains a remarkable size in some shallow warm lakes which are unsuitable for rainbow-trout production. The planting programme of Eastern brook trout was very successful in the Kootenay District. Attention is now being focused on the southern Cariboo District, where a great many apparently suitable lakes are available. It is hoped sport fisheries in otherwise unproductive lakes may be developed. Lower Mainland Surveys While the bulk of the population of the Province is in the Lower Mainland, good fishing lakes and streams are relatively scarce. As a result, the Fish and Game Branch has been conducting a survey programme to bring every suitable lake in the district into top production as a sport fishery. It is hoped that through judicious management (plantings, regulations, chemical treatments, etc.) much additional water can be opened up to the Lower Mainland angling fraternity. Consideration is also being given to relaxing fishing regulations in order to provide more fishing- waters for children. Pollution Control Development of secondary industries in British Columbia has increased the diversity of pollution investigations required by the Fish and Game Branch. A firm policy to eliminate sawdust pollutions has been followed in the Prince George- Vanderhoof area. Stream-water quality monitoring programmes have been instituted on stream systems on the Lower Mainland to evaluate the effects of industrial and population growth in the area. Co-operation with the mining industry in curbing placer-mining pollutions in the Cariboo District is continuing with good results. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 25 Mining activity in the Vancouver Island, Cariboo, and Kootenay Districts continues to increase, with a consequent increase in pollution-control investigations and consultations. Aerial spraying for insect control is increasing noticeably in the Interior of the Province. The effects on fish of this activity were assessed at Sugar Lake, on the Thompson River, and at Monte Lake near Kamloops. Observations were made during the application of copper sulphate to lake waters for the control of swimmers' itch and on the effect of sodium arsenite in the control of aquatic vegetation. Excellent co-operation in assessing pollution and solving pollution problems has been experienced with those Government departments responsible for administration of primary resources, and this co-operative attitude is being increasingly encountered on the part of individuals and companies in their adoption of extensive pollution-control measures. Net Fishing in Non-tidal Waters Net fishing in certain specified non-tidal waters within the Province is permissible under licence from the Minister of Recreation and Conservation. The fishing is confined almost exclusively to residents living within short distance of the lakes in question. The following table gives the principal catch figures for this type of fishing:— Catch of Fish Taken from Non-tidal Waters, 1961-62 Kind of Licence Number of Fish Taken Approxi- Name of System Fur-farm Commercial Home Use Sturgeon Weight (Lb.) 1 6(3) KD 4(1) f(5) 3(1) 2(1) 6(2) 2 1 1 361 2,525 300 146 50 1(1) 140 170 1,025 672 1,769 3 2,212 1,136 5,450 1,424 4 4,880 185 20(3) 2 1,156 32 55 135 120 Totals 1 _ 6,745 17,201 i Did not fish. Numbers in parentheses beside the number of licences issued indicate the number of licence-holders who failed to file a return. Catches by Species Species Number of Fish Kokanee __ Lake trout Whitefish _. Ling Pike Sturgeon _ Squawfish Suckers _ Others -___ 2,451 440 3,116 74 308 3 27 104 132 Weight (Lb.) 1,245 3,397 9,714 357 1,478 185 33 207 585 Totals 6,745 17,201 S 26 BRITISH COLUMBIA There has been an increasing interest in recent years in developing a freshwater commercial fishery on lakes in the Peace River District of the Province. The Fish and Game Branch does not look with favour on the establishment of a commercial fishery on lakes in which the sport fishery is prominent and where it might suffer as a result of a commercial net fishery. As a result, commercial fishing, except for a few isolated and specialized cases, is not allowed anywhere in the southern part of the Province. In the Peace River District, where fishing pressures are light, it is considered that a limited commercial fishery can be allowed under strict supervision. Licences have been granted for several years for lakes in the Peace River Block, and a survey has been designed to evaluate the present status of this fishery. Several interesting features of the fishery have emerged. In almost all cases of a fishery extensive enough to cover expenses and provide a profit, the lake fish showed a decline in catch in a very few years. It is probable that an extensive revision of the existing fishing regulations will be needed in order to properly manage and protect the fishery of this region. Hatcheries Trout liberations in 1962 were increased over 1961 by fifty lakes, and the total number of lakes stocked was 415. Production was about similar to 1961, and totalled 45,000 pounds. Aerial liberations, which in years prior to 1961 were limted to two or three trips annually, were increased in 1962. Steelhead production was abandoned in favour of trout production, and an attempt was made to increase the supply of native trout eggs. No major construction was undertaken, although one egg-collection station has been reactivated. Egg-collection station, Pennask Lake. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 27 Liberations The lakes stocked by the Fish and Game Branch lie roughly within the lower one-third of the Province. The number of lakes that have been stocked has risen steadily since 1958, when 246 were stocked, to 1962, when 415 lakes were stocked. This latter figure is not expected to increase appreciably until additional hatchery facilities can be provided. While aerial liberations were practically non-existent in 1958, by 1961 the programme had expanded to the stocking of ninety-three lakes (in the southern Cariboo and Okanagan). This programme was expanded still further in 1962, and 165 lakes were stocked by aerial means. Production Production rose steadily through the years 1958 to 1960, inclusively, but since that time has levelled off at about 45,000 pounds annually and will remain at this level until rearing facilities are expanded. Steelhead production at Cultus Lake hatchery was abandoned in favour of trout production, and in view of the heavy demand on the trout fishery in the Lower Mainland, the whole fish-culture programme at Cultus Lake has been converted to a trout programme. Egg Collections The rehabilitation programme has resulted in an increased demand for native rainbow fry. Pennask Lake hatchery, last used in 1958, will be used again in 1963. In the fall of 1962 a new spawning-fence was constructed at Pennask (see picture on page 26), and a target of 4,500,000 eggs has been set for 1963. Eggs collected will be flown directly to Summerland hatchery. Beaver Lake was also the site of egg collections in 1962, but as the spawning run is diminishing, a spawning operation was organized at Stump Lake, south of Kamloops. About 1,000,000 eggs were collected here (see picture on page 28), and a further attempt will be made in 1963, using a slightly changed trap design. About 300,000 Yellowstone cutthroat eggs were collected at the outlet of Kiakho Lake, near Cranbrook. These were distributed as fry in the East Kootenay District. About 3,250,000 rainbow eggs were obtained from State agencies in Washington, Oregon, and California, 1,500,000 Eastern brook trout from Washington and Oregon, and 150,000 spring-salmon eggs from Washington Department of Fisheries. All except the latter were exchanged for kokanee and Kamloops eggs from British Columbia. Hatchery Research The two programmes organized in 1960 were continued. These include (a) a study of " strain survival," which involves native rainbow, fall-spawning rainbow (Oregon domestic stock), and spring-spawning rainbow (Washington), and (b) a study of survival of different sizes of a particular stock. This involves fry and fish which run 500, 100, and 50 to the pound. The Green Lake (Lower Cariboo) chinook experiment, initiated in 1961, was pursued through 1962 and will be continued in 1963. Because of the high salinity of this lake, it was believed a species with high salinity tolerance might survive. Spring (chinook) salmon, having this characteristic, were introduced, and results- should be known by mid-1963. S 28 BRITISH COLUMBIA The Lardeau River-Niskonlith Lake programme, initiated in 1961, was continued in 1962 and will be terminated in 1963. In this programme, offspring from a small part of the Lardeau River spawning run (out of the north end of Kootenay Lake) were planted into Niskonlith Lake (Kamloops region). Eggs from the spawning run will then be taken and planted back into the Lardeau River. The first eggs from Niskonlith Lake are anticipated in 1964. It is interesting to note that although production has quadrupled in the last ten years, the number of permanent hatchery staff has remained the same. Temporary personnel have been reduced each year, and in 1962 only three were required, as opposed to nine as recently as five years ago. These reductions have been the result of (a) closing small operations and centralizing efforts, (b) new techniques in transporting trout by vehicle, (c) aerial liberations, which have resulted in a tremendous saving in time, and (d) greater co-ordination and efficiency by a capable, adaptable, and well-trained hatchery staff. Stump Lake egg collection. Basic Research Studies continued during 1962 on several important and basic fisheries research projects. These include life-history studies on suckers at Baker Lake, kokanee behaviour in Nicola Lake, and the interaction and behaviour of trout and salmon fingerlings in Coastal streams. In conjunction with this last project, an artificial stream observation tank has been built at Courtenay and is being used to study, under controlled conditions, the various factors associated with the Coastal stream studies. A very important as well as interesting research project involving the artificial aeration of Corbett Lake (Merritt) was initiated in 1962. Several small productive DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 29 Interior lakes are subject to severe or complete winter kill of their trout populations. By studying a number of these lakes it may be possible to determine why some are subject to winter kill while other adjacent and apparendy similar lakes are not. A detailed comparison has been made between Courtney Lake and adjacent Corbett Lake. Courtney Lake rarely, if ever, winter kills, while Corbett Lake, a deeper lake less than a mile away, frequently does. Water temperature, oxygen, and other features of their water chemistry, as well as plankton and fish abundance, have been regularly recorded for over a year. During the winter of 1961/62 all trout in Corbett Lake were killed during a long period of low oxygen levels. Members of the Research Division, using Scuba diving-gear, recovered many dead fish from the lake-bottom. The Research Division began pumping compressed air into the lake in mid- October through a plastic pipe 1 inch in diameter. This pipe, laid in a circle of 2,400 feet circumference, is suspended from rafts to a depth 40 feet below the lake-surface. Air bubbles escape through small holes in the pipe and circulate the deeper deoxygenated water up to the surface. Before pumping began there was virtually no oxygen below a depth of 35 feet. By mid-November a good supply had been distributed to all depths. The conditions in both Corbett and Courtney Lakes will be closely followed throughout the winter of 1962/63 to determine whether or not artificial circulation of the water before freeze-up may prevent serious winter kill of trout. Publications The following papers were published in the Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada:— (1) Migratory Behaviour of Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, in Outlet and Inlet Streams of Loon Lake, British Columbia, by T. G. Northcote. (2) Comparison of Inlet and Outlet Spawning Runs of Rainbow Trout in Loon Lake, British Columbia, by G. F. Hartman, T. G. Northcote, and C. C. Lindsey. Mimeographed paper: Effects on Rainbow Trout of Field Applications of Phytoactin L-318, by H. Lorz. The folder " Good Fishing Doesn't Happen by Accident," published by the Fish and Game Branch in 1961, won second place for non-technical publications in the 1962 competition of the American Association for Conservation Information. S 30 BRITISH COLUMBIA if) 3 5 O cc LU CO 1952 TROUT HATCHERIES TROUT LIBERATION GRAPH i / / / / / / / 1 ! 1957 YEARS 1962 DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 31 o r- o r> Q O ai Q, so 40 co Q D O D_ Ll o CO 30 Q < co o 20 10 TROUT HATCHERIES PRODUCTION GRAPH \ y 1952 1957 YEARS 1962 S 32 BRITISH COLUMBIA TROUT HATCHERIES COST PER POUND GRAPH. CO a: < _j _i o a a z D o 0- OL UJ a. CO 8 '.. 1952 1957 YEARS 1962 PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH \ RECREATION / j\ CONSERVATION ik 6 WSSKe^^^irS%P»^jf-:.?>Z%',JV■„&!%>?-&£$:*%£'•$ . Valley View Lookout, Manning Provincial Park. Ballingall Islets bird sanctuary park. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 35 PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH H. G. McWilliams, Director Year 1957 ._ Number of Parks Acres 116 8,416,657 1958 _ 132 8,418,880 1959 _. 147 8,421,142 1960 .... .... 163 8,423,406 1961 186 6,356,176 1962 202 6.376.580 Note 1.—The decrease in acreage from 1960 to 1961 was due to the reduction of Hamber Park, which was resurveyed to include only areas of high recreational value. Note 2.—Of the 202 parks shown for 1962, 170 have been provided with facilities for public use. Eighty-seven parks contain camp-sites; eighty- three are for picnicking only. The highest use of Provincial parks to date occurred during 1962, when 3.7 million people enjoyed park facilities, in spite of generally poor weather conditions. Mount Seymour Park received greater use than any other single park by accommodating 350,000 visitors. Twenty-five per cent of all park visitors used parks on Vancouver Island. To provide park facilities with waterfrontage within alienated areas where public access would otherwise be denied, the Branch found it necessary to purchase 643 acres, giving access to Spectacle Lake, Cowichan River, Kootenay Lake, and other sites. Lakelse Lake Park suffered a severe loss of land area from a mud-slide early in the year, but the loss was compensated for by the generosity of the Aluminum Company of Canada Limited, which donated land for park use adjacent to the damaged park. A land exchange at Pilot Bay laid the foundation for the development of an 800-acre park on the east side of Kootenay Lake. Bowron Lake Park, a 297,301- acre tract of wilderness enclosing a 70-mile, rectangular, round-trip waterway, rich in wildlife and ideal for canoeing, is now available for public use. Although a continued expansion of park facilities has been carried out through a vigorous work programme, this year's use figures indicate that future demands will be even greater, and the need to continue to expand steadily is clearly evident. YOUTH CREWS The youth crew programme again offered a selected group of young citizens the opportunity of enjoying a valuable outdoor experience. In 1962, 150 young men were selected by lot from approximately 600 who volunteered for this programme. They were allocated to areas as follows: One crew at Alice Lake, two crews at Long Beach, one crew at Newcastle Island, two crews at Moyie Lake, two crews at Ten Mile Lake, and five crews at Manning Park. Each crew comprised twelve or thirteen boys, together with supervisory staff, which directed their extensive outdoor work programme. S 36 BRITISH COLUMBIA FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL PROGRAMME There was a continued expansion of park facilities under the terms of the Federal-Provincial Agreement winter works programme. PLANNING DIVISION Land Acquisition and Park Inventory A recommendation originally advanced by local outdoor enthusiasts resulted in the creation this year of Monashee Provincial Park, an 18,566-acre, wild, alpine area near Sugar Lake. Purchases of park land involved 305 acres and included Spectacle Lake, Cowichan River frontage, and Otter Lake access. In addition, 338 acres of Kootenay Lake frontage were purchased at Kokanee Creek in co-operation with the Department of Social Welfare. The boundaries of Thomas S. Francis Park were amended, and the park consolidated by a land exchange under the Department of Recreation and Conservation Act. A land exchange at Pilot Bay, negotiated by the Parks Branch and conducted by the Lands Service, will result in the acquisition of 32 acres, including waterfrontage, and will form part of an 800-acre proposed park on the east side of Kootenay Lake. Timber was purchased on the west shore of Davis Lake to protect aesthetic values in this small park. A 254-acre parcel of sea- frontage was acquired at Schooner Cove on Long Beach in exchange for timber in the Bedwell River drainage. Assistance from the Department of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources and co-operation with Rayonier Canada (B.C.) Limited resulted in the acquisition of China Beach in a land exchange. Valuable donations of park land involving 215 acres were made by the following: Mrs. J. M. Goodall, Eves Park near Westholme; the Aluminum Company of Canada Limited, an addition to Lakelse Lake Park; the Board of School Trustees of School District No. 30 (South Cariboo), Clinton Creek Park; the Columbia Cellulose Company Limited, a park property on Prudhomme Lake. Co-operation and assistance from other departments helped materially in securing recreational land for public use. Land Inspectors, Forest Rangers, District Engineers, and Mining Recorders initiated the reservation of valuable park land. The Forest Service released 136 acres in the Niskonlith and Chilliwack Forests for park purposes. The compilation of field data resulted in recommendations on park values in the Akamina-Kishinena region and the Skagit River. Valuation appraisals of properties on Quadra Island and Otter Lake were completed. A system of recording all recreational reserves on a set of transparent reference maps keyed to the Branch's new file system is being initiated. The compilation and analysis of park attendance figures continued. Potential easy access to Cheakamus River directed attention to this region, and a reappraisal of park values here resulted in specific recommendations. An application to amend the west boundary of Tweedsmuir Park resulted in a careful field examination. Reports describe an outstanding alpine area and suggest modification of the proposal. An intensive search for a marine park in the Sechelt-Powell River area continued. A multitude of site examinations and the inventory of their recreational values took personnel into the East and West Kootenays, the Thompson River, the Okanagan, and the Peace River. In summary, nine new Class A parks were established, increasing Provincial park lands by 19,638 acres. These included the following: Monashee, Spencer DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 37 Tuck, Ten Mile Lake, Murrin, Ellison, and Kiskatinaw. A total of 478 acres was added to the following existing parks: Lakelse Lake, Qualicum, Sidney Spit, and John Dean. An area of 26,140 acres in Strathcona Park was reclassified as a Class B park. Ten new Class C parks were established, representing a total of 515 acres and included the following: Clinton Creek, Cedar Point, Eves, Mara Point, Mission Beach, Haslam Lake, Elizabeth Lake, Blue River, Cayoosh, and Blenkin Memorial. Westview Park, Class C, was cancelled, and its administration and control turned over to The Corporation of the District of Powell River. Class A parks now number 130 and cover 2,311,540 acres; Class B, 7, covering 4,036,338 acres; and Class C, 65 covering 28,701 acres. Assistance from other Government departments enabled the reservation of 180 sites for public recreational use, involving approximately 17,880 acres. This brings the total area reserved for recreational purposes to approximately 298,380 acres and includes some 1,860 individual sites. Development Plans Office During the year this office has been engaged in the traditional planning functions of site inspection, mapping, development plans, field checks, and ground supervision during the development period. There has been a considered attempt to devote more time to master planning of some major parks in an effort to chart the course that should be steered in administering these large " national park " type land areas. Studies and field examinations relevant to the compilation of data on these parks are time-consuming and necessarily require a studious, conservative approach if conclusions are to be valid over many years. These studies are being carried out in Mount Seymour Park, Bowron Lakes Park, and Garibaldi Park (Alouette region). It is the intention to commence this work in several other major parks in 1963. The planning of regional parks of the 20- to 400-acre size range still demands the greater part of our efforts. These recreational areas offer their greatest challenge to planning in the problem of relating the facilities to the topography in an artistic yet utilitarian way. Parks in this category which have been worked over this past year are those at Davis Lake, Stump Lake, Heffley Lake, Chilliwack River, Bedwell Harbour, Saltery Bay, and Premier Lake. The mapping crews working out of the Planning Office were busier than usual, with additional students employed as mapping assistants. Maps were prepared of areas at MacDonald Park, Rock Creek, Jimsmith Lake, Cascade, Kidd Creek, Wasa Lake, Bear Creek, Cedar Point, and Bowron Lakes. After a setback in 1961 the entrance-portal programme has once more gone ahead, with new portals carved for Peace Arch Park, Wells Gray Park, and Barkerville historic site. During 1962 the major landscaping project undertaken by this Branch was the continuing programme of landscaping the day-use area at Alouette Lake in southern Garibaldi Park. This included the creation of swimming areas, extension of the existing beach, planting of shade trees in various picnic areas, and the reshaping and planting of picnic terraces as an erosion-control measure. Considerable rock- work is also in progress, such as stone bases or pads under picnic tables and stone catch-basins at culvert ends. Also in the same portion of Garibaldi Park, new beach areas have been planned, as has an additional boat-launching ramp and parking-lots. Planning of a group-camping layout is presently in progress. S 38 BRITISH COLUMBIA Riding-trails totalling approximately 6 miles were constructed, together with a small corral and parking-lot; the trails lead from the park entrance to Alouette Lake, with a branch trail to Mike Lake. During the summer months, hydro-seeding was undertaken in the Kootenay District at Wasa Lake, Jimsmith Lake, and Champion Lakes. 1948 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 ANNUAL ATTENDANCE PROVINCIAL PARKS Chart No. 1. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 39 Extension work undertaken by the Branch has increased considerably over the past twelve months. During that period ten projects have been undertaken for various cities, villages, municipalities, and non-profit organizations. Included were park-development plans for the Village of Campbell River, City of Courtenay, Village of Sidney, the Kinsmen Club of Cumberland, the Comox Valley Exhibition Board, the City of Kelowna, the Canadian National Institute for the Blind, the Girl Guide Association, Lakeview Park at Cowichan Lake, and suggested developments for park areas at Squamish. NATURE HOUSE ATTENDANCE. LU □- a. O o LU g i Mil Jj Mi dm Lua. ffrmi Unfit innn inrHff nnnr fflnnr j ii Jit Jit Jit Jit m &JLB JlHBl JLTlIiil nn nn Awiin Jii Jit Jit A Jit iflu ItTHf BH fflffflf jfffftif HHrr Ifflff 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 YEAR Chart No. 2. S 40 BRITISH COLUMBIA Interpretation and Research Interpretation programmes continued in Manning and Miracle Beach Parks, and were initiated in Shuswap Lake and Goldstream Parks. Three nature centres had a total attendance of over 54,000, and 142 conducted walks were attended by 3,400 people. No estimate was made of the use given five nature trails in four parks. Nature centre use increased by 40 per cent over that of 1961. The Shuswap Lake Nature House had a successful first year, serving about 16,000 people. People's reactions were interesting. Formerly a new house was approached with cautious curiosity. Now most people know what a nature house has to offer as a result of familiarity with the two older houses. In Manning, Miracle Beach, and Goldstream Parks regular walks, conducted by park naturalists, were offered to the public. They were received with enthusiasm. In Goldstream Park there was no nature house, the interpretation programme consisting almost entirely of frequent conducted walks. During the summer the naturalist there led eighty-nine walks, a total of over 2,200 people. The Miracle Beach Nature House was in its new building for the first year. Eighteen new exhibits were planned and made to furnish it. The new Shuswap Lake Nature House, under canvas this year, received seventeen new exhibits. An experiment with heavily plasticized labels on nature trails was conducted in Goldstream Park, and results were encouraging. The aim is to perfect a tough, damage-resistant label for use on trails given infrequent servicing. In 1962, after cautious trials in previous years, large, colourful, plywood signs at features of interest were made for five situations. These were placed in Sproat Lake, Miracle Beach, Okanagan Lake, and Mount Seymour Parks. Some of the more exposed were heavily damaged, as expected. The experiment has suggested how to reduce damage by using different materials and by placing the signs in what are now recognized as low-damage positions. Brief inspections of Garibaldi Park (Alouette Lake area) and Ellison Park showed both to be suitable for interpretation. A research programme in Wells Gray Park dwelt mainly on filling gaps in knowledge of moose. This study has now reached the stage where the data should be thoroughly organized and assembled into a readable story. Future research and management policy should be based on this assessment. Historic Sites Funds for the various historic programmes are administered by the Provincial Secretary's Department. The Barkerville Restoration Advisory Committee defines broad policy to guide development. The bulk of available funds is spent on the Barkerville project. Of this sum, approximately one-third was utilized in constructing a modern restroom building and in providing road access, diversion lines, and a water-tank site in connection wth the water-supply system. A temporary water system was installed to service the toilet building and the museum. Considerable effort was necessary to remodel the community hall so it could operate as the " Theatre Royal" during summer months. Various buildings were modernized to house theatrical staff. The Richfield Courthouse received extensive repairs to both roof and foundation. A grading and ditching project created a service and parking area across from the new museum. Ram Pasture Camp-site was extended by another eight units, and a new camp-site of twenty-five units was built after demolishment of the old Government buildings then occupying the site. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 41 A major undertaking from the aspect of time was the complete furnishing of the new museum display-room. This building was officially opened on August 13th by the Premier. Park personnel completed a Cornish pump and wheel, and the operation of this was a feature attraction. A new entrance sign and additions to interpretive panels were carried out. Furnishings from the Victoria Courthouse were selected in sufficient quantity to refurbish the Richfield building. A steady programme of acquisition of historic items was carried out both in Victoria and Barkerville. Publicity accruing to Barkerville because of its centennial and the various special features to mark the occasion brought in an estimated 107,000 visitors, a remarkable increase from the 25,000 of the previous year. No action was taken at Cottonwood House because the present tenant found it difficult to vacate and all park workmen were concentrating on Barkerville. Fort Steele was a source of interest to many visitors, although no development was undertaken. Several properties were purchased. " Stop of interest " plaques erected this year were " Crimson Sockeye," " Eagle Pass," " K'shian the Skeena," " Moricetown Canyon," " Penticton," and " Kelowna." The first four of these had been cast the previous year. One local historic marker, " The Clinton Hotel," was provided to the South Cariboo Historical Museum Society. Public Information and Education Working in co-operation with other sections of the Parks Branch, the Public Information Office continued to keep the public informed of Branch activities and new facilities provided for public enjoyment. The information was disseminated through the media of press, radio, television, talks, special articles, publications, and displays. A large but unrecorded number of maps and pamphlets was sent to adults and school-children in answer to inquiries covering a variety of subjects within the recreation and conservation field. Talks given by request to various groups were illustrated with 16-mm. motion pictures and 35-mm. slides. Writers and journalists were supplied with material, and several private and Government agencies producing tourist guide material were assisted. Members of the office assisted in the " Salute to the Sockeye " programme at Adams River and at Departmental exhibits at fall fairs. Formal openings were organized in co-operation with other groups for Beaumont, Green Point, and Montague Harbour Parks and the new chair lift at Mount Seymour. ENGINEERING DIVISION The increase in basic park facilities for the year ended December 31, 1962, is as follows: 483 new camp-sites, a 15.1-per-cent increase for a total of 3,688, and 185 new picnic-sites, a 9.5-per-cent increase for a total of 2,121. Total tables in use in camp-sites and picnic-sites to December 31, 1962, were 5,809, or a 13- per-cent increase over 1961. Youth Crew Programme One hundred and fifty boys were employed in six areas, as follows: Alice Lake, 12; Long Beach, 24; Newcasde Island, 12; Moyie Lake, 24; Ten Mile Lake, 24; 6 S 42 BRITISH COLUMBIA and Manning Park, 54. These crews were used primarily in the completion stages of camp-ground and picnic-site development, and in some cases were employed in the maintenance of established parks. Federal-Provincial Programme During 1962 the Parks Branch received funds for park development under the terms of the Federal-Provincial Agreement to the extent of approximately $450,000. Projects Undertaken in 1962 by Parks 1. Alice Lake: Deep well pumping-station established and park project completed. 2. Bear Lake: Deep well established. 3. Beaumont: Forty-nine-unit camp-site, twenty-three-unit picnic-site, and boat-launching site. 4. Boundary Creek: Former picnic-site converted to seventeen-unit camp-site. 5. Cultus Lake: Twenty-one new picnic tables, three parking-lots, and boat- launching site established at Maple Bay; Watt Creek channel stabilized and new bridge constructed; swimming-floats designed. 6. Englishman River: Paving of access road to picnic area. 7. Gabriola Sands: Twelve-unit picnic-site, new ball-field and roadside parking, beach improvement, and sanitary facilities. 8. Garibaldi Park, South (Alouette Lake area): Paving to 3.4 miles of Alouette Lake Road; picnic-area water-main extension; forty-three new camp-sites and twenty-three new picnic tables; extensive landscaping programme carried out at picnic-site area; horse corral and riding-trail established along main road. 9. Garibaldi Park, North (Diamond Head-Black Tusk area): Completion of water system, oil heating system, and sewage-disposal system to Diamond Head Chalet; some road work; rustic shelter built in Black Tusk area. 10. Haynes Point: Thirty-unit camp-site and nine-unit picnic-site; parking facilities and boat-launching site. 11. Kiskatinaw: Twenty-six-unit camp-site. 12. Keats Island: Improvements to mooring facilities. 13. Kokanee Creek: Garage workshop and service area. 14. Lakelse Lake: Water system to camp-site. 15. Little Qualicum Falls: Paving of access road into camp-site. 16. Long Beach: Eighty-nine camp-sites and twelve picnic-sites. 17. McClure Lake: Twelve additional camp-sites. 18. Manning Park: Continuation of work on the dam and recreational reservoir; east entrance portal completed; sewage-ejection system for Pine Woods laundry; preparation of design and specifications for Pine Woods kitchen and electric survey. 19. Miracle Beach: Salt-water and domestic-water system for nature museum. 20. Montague Harbour: Thirty-one-unit camp-site and twenty-five picnic-sites; parking-access road to park, beach, and marine facilities. 21. Mara Lake: Deep well pumping-station. 22. Mouat Park: Six-unit picnic-site. 23. Moyie Lake: Service area and construction camp. 24. Mount Seymour: Work begun on new parking-lot and building-sites for cafeteria and toilet building. 25. Mahood Lake: Park patrolman's residence and service area; deep well and water system. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 43 26. Newcastie Island: Eighteen camp-sites and fifteen picnic-sites established; two new boat floats and dismanding of old C.P.R. pier; start made on Beaver Lake clearing. 27. Otter Bay: Fifty-three camp-sites and fifty-three-unit picnic-site; parking- lots and beach access. 28. Rolley Lake: Fifty camp-sites; parking-lot; service area and beach- clearing. 29. Saltery Bay: Forty-two-unit camp-site and eight-unit picnic-site. 30. Shuswap Lake: New pumping system; power-line extension; temporary nature-house; design of swimming-floats. 31. Skihist: Water system to camp-site and picnic-site. 32. Sproat Lake: Lake pumping-station and chlorination. 33. Ten Mile Lake: Twenty-seven-unit camp-site and twenty-one-unit picnic- site; design of change-house; service area and construction camp. 34. Wasa Lake: Minor improvements to camp-sites and picnic-sites. 35. Wells Gray: Thirty-unit camp-site; boat-launching site; reorganization of park administration area at Clearwater Lake; road improvements. Draughting Draughting consisted of thirty-five engineering and architectural drawings and 160 topographical map-sheets. Langford Workshop Production (Main Items Only) Entrance shelters 8 Picnic tables 786 Entrance portals 4 Park benches 42 Incinerators 10 Type A signs 16 Marine buoys 26 Fireplaces 595 Garbage gobblers 7 Number posts 677 Diving-boards 13 Toilet seat sections 149 Standard carved signs 700 Miscellaneous signs 133 Summary of Facilities Public buildings 47 Camp-sites 3,688 Miscellaneous structures 131 Picnic-sites 2,121 Boat-launching ramps 19 Pit toilets 1,185 " Stop of interest " signs— 48 Fireplaces 3,950 Water systems 66 Garbage-cans 4,746 The maintenance and servicing of the above facilities were carried on by a staff varying from forty in the winter to 160 in the high-use season of July and August. S 44 BRITISH COLUMBIA CAMPING UNITS. Developed During The Year. 414 437 542 408 483 _Z jL A. 2 _A__A_ UNITS r symbol 1 JLA.A. CAMPER 500 pe sy w w w sy A .A A- A. A. sy w sy sy sy A. _A_ A. A. A sy \y \y \y sy A A A A A w w w w y A A A A A 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 YEAR Each c amper unit accommodates one average family; 3,688 camper units now available. Chart No. 3. • DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 45 PICNIC UNITS. c % Increase Over Previous Year s 32-59 26-85 25-50 1306 13-00 v: -5 vv VV VV vv vv vv vv 1 vv vv vv BLES 'mbol vv vv vv vv < ST u i V vv vv vv vv PICNI 500 -s£Ar -^V vv vv vv w vv vv vv vv -VV VV vv vv vv VV VV vv vv vv vvvv vv vv vv 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 YEAR Chart No. 4. BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU The Honourable R. W. Bonner, Q.C., opening the new Department of Recreation and Conservation Information Centre in Vancouver. The Centre provides information on all aspects of the Department's operations and has assisted many thousands of visitors since the opening in April, 1962. Traffic in the new Rogers Pass route immediately after the opening in July, 1962. This new scenic route through the Rockies has created a vastly increased potential for tourist traffic between the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 49 BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU R. L. Colby, Director Value of Tourism in the Past Five Years 1962 $145,000,000 1961 115,000,000 1960 100,400,000 1959 100,000,000 1958 106,000,000 Despite capricious summer weather, British Columbia had its greatest influx of tourists during 1962. An estimated 3,625,000 people visited the Province, contributing the record amount of $145,000,000 to Provincial coffers. California, with more than 45 per cent, was the largest United States tourist contributor, followed by Washington with 20 per cent, West and Mid-west States with between 10 and 15 per cent, and Oregon with between 5 and 10 per cent. Other areas provided less than 5 per cent. More than 50 per cent of the United States visitors took one- or two-day holidays in the Province, while less than 6 per cent stayed more than a week. This is partially due to the influence of the Seatde World's Fair. Significant changes took place nationally. British Columbia was visited by more Canadians than at any other time in history. Similarly, there was a definite trend among British Columbians to holiday within Provincial boundaries. PROMOTION A new and modern Departmental branch office was opened at 787 Hornby Street in Vancouver in April, 1962. Since, more than 22,000 visitors have been served by the office. Displays were manned at fairs, exhibitions, and sport shows locally, provin- cially, and internationally. Staff members were guests on radio and television on a number of occasions, which has helped to publicize the work of the Bureau. Close liaison was maintained with the British Columbia Division of Expo- Lodging, resulting in valuable service between the Bureau and that organization. ACCOMMODATION Emphasis this year was placed on areas not visited since 1959. Altogether, almost 18,000 miles were covered by the two inspectors, and some 700 classifications completed. Particular attention was paid to the Fraser Valley between New Westminster and Hope, Highway No. 5 between Princeton and Kamloops, and Highway No. 1 between Cache Creek and Kamloops. The East and West Kootenays were also covered extensively, and calls were also made in the Okanagan area. S 50 BRITISH COLUMBIA The following are the accommodation statistics to date: Hotels Motels Ranches and Lodges Trailers and Camps Totals Per Cent Total 306 267 14,348 1,786 1,114 260 248 48 10,892 39 1,418 1,381 14,706 5,103 1,869 510 274 283 6,667 37 320 277 2,737 544 207 109 86 93 1,698 43 236 2,280 1,925 31,791 7,433 3,190 879 608 424 19,257 119 23 3-star . - .. 10 2-star 3 2 0-star _ 1 Ungraded _ _. 61 New registrations, 135; change of owners, 305; places closed, 86. ADVERTISING The heaviest campaign in Bureau history began in February with half- and full- page advertisements in Holiday, Sunset, Look, Motorland, Westways, Maclean's, and Chatelaine magazines. Space was taken in newspapers in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, and Montreal. The Seattle Fair campaign, launched in May, was supported by a further campaign in newspapers and magazines in California. This was followed by a concentrated schedule in the Seattle press. The Seattle Times Calendar of Events was used almost exclusively, which, together with advertisements in the official World's Fair programme and display-boards on Seattle bus-sides, kept the name of British Columbia to the forefront. LITERATURE Since January, 1962, more than IV2 million pieces of literature have been sent out by the Bureau, another record. We had expected an increased demand this year, and, accordingly, had enlarged our stocks early in the year. A considerable amount of revision took place in our publications. The road map was given a complete face-lifting, and was produced from an amalgamation of previous camp-site and fishing maps. This was the first step in a long-range programme of revision and updating all Bureau publications. Throughout the year the Bureau was pleased to display, and sent out where needed, the publications of regional and local organizations. The standard, particularly as regards regional pieces, was much improved this year. PUBLICITY Demand for publicity stories on British Columbia exceeded all other years. This, coupled with the several visits of travel editors and staff journalists, made heavy demands on public information sources. Bureau staff worked with publishing houses and concerns to develop travel articles. Several visiting correspondents were assisted in the preparation of column copy that subsequently found its way across North America via syndication. It is interesting to note that some publications, not previously users of travel copy, have been changing their policies, and we have been able to break new ground in this way. The Bureau public information officer also acts as editor of the British Columbia Government News, a free monthly publication describing the various activities of Governmental departments. Current circulation is between 61,000 and 62,000 per issue. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 51 "BEAUTIFUL BRITISH COLUMBIA" MAGAZINE Circulation of this popular quarterly has now reached an estimated 80,000 copies per issue, of which 25,000 are by subscription. The magazine is now read in sixty-six different countries, and in 1962 was runner-up in a national magazine competition for tourist-promotion publications. TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRES The White Rock Information Centre, on Highway No. 99 at the Canadian Border, served 30,635 cars carrying 98,478 visitors between April 1st and October 21st. In 1961 this office served a total of 14,424 cars bringing 44,729 Provincial visitors between June 15th and September 15th. For this same period in 1962, 23,971 cars brought 80,985 people, an increase of 9,547 cars or 66 per cent. The mobile centre at Flood was visited by 9,920 cars carrying 28,942 people, nearly one-third of them on their first visit to British Columbia. The Cache Creek Centre, in operation for only seven weeks, gave assistance to more than 6,000 visitors. By providing additional information about the Interior of the Province, some 400,000 additional visitor miles were added to the 3,000,000 miles these visitors originally intended to travel. The Sicamous Centre, in operation between June 15th and September 15th, served 9,600 visitors. Many entering British Columbia for the first time did so over newly opened Rogers Pass. Outlook is that a larger volume of traffic may be expected during 1963. Almost all the visitors indicated they would return. Statistics compiled at this Centre show the staff was able to extend planned mileages by 10 per cent. Our Banff operation served 6,000-odd visitors, increasing their planned mileage in British Columbia by 300,000 miles. REGIONAL MATCHING GRANTS PLAN A budget of $150,000 was passed as the Government stake in this plan in 1962. Available to the eight Provincial regions on a dollar-for-dollar matching basis, this year's appropriation, though not fully absorbed, did provide great incentive for regional activity. FIELD WORK AND LIAISON Staff members travelled extensively in the Province to foster still further Bureau- civic relations. Valuable contacts were maintained with tourist-minded organizations, Boards of Trade, and Chambers of Commerce in an effort to further develop the Province's tourist industry. Much of the Director's time was absorbed by travelling and meetings with officials in the industry both in and out of the Province. Increased administrative duties also added to a tight year-round schedule that included attending conventions and discussions at Provincial and National level. In many of these duties he was aided by the newly appointed Assistant Director. During the summer months of 1962 the Bureau carried out a survey of travellers between the United States and British Columbia to determine a more effective approach to our advertising and promotional programme. The results of this survey, since published in book form, have been distributed to interested parties in the industry. S 52 BRITISH COLUMBIA CONVENTIONS SECTION At the first of the year a Conventions Section was added to the Bureau's activities, and a representative appointed. The most important function of this new office is to co-ordinate the convention sales story for the Province and encourage convention business as a whole. So far this year, 305 inquiries have been dealt with by the Section and 27,000 pieces of literature sent to prospective clients in Canada and the United States. SETTLEMENT The Bureau gratefully acknowledges the assistance of various departments in answering the 216 inquiries from other parts of Canada, the United States, and other parts of the world from persons considering residence or business in British Columbia. Though the Bureau does not connect itself direcdy with immigration, it does nevertheless endeavour to assist such inquirers by directing their requests to the appropriate department. BRITISH COLUMBIA HOUSE, SAN FRANCISCO Coinciding with the Seattle World's Fair, the first full year of operation was a busy one. With the knowledge that large numbers of visitors would be drawn to the Pacific Northwest for the fair, concentration was on the extension of this traffic to British Columbia. Throughout the year, staff members participated in major Californian fairs and exhibitions. This was supported by editorial promotion in daily and periodical publications, film showings, lectures to social groups and businessmen's organizations, and by contacts with transportation companies and tourist information outlets in California. The portable display made in California was put to excellent use at travel and trade exhibitions showing combined gate attendance figures of 2,314,779. More than 600 interested persons attending these functions requested mailing of special literature. Valuable groundwork has been done toward creation of new package tours of British Columbia involving major rail and bus companies in the Western United States and Canada. TRAVEL WRITING AWARD The Third Annual B.C. Government-Press Journal travel writing award was won by London, Ont., journalist William Heine, who, with his wife, enjoyed ten days in British Columbia. More than fifty-six entries were received and judged by Press Journal magazine. This award is made annually to the writer of the best story on travel in Canada published in a Canadian publication and is an effort to create an interest in travel writing among the country's journalists. It comprises a cash award of $250 and a ten-day all-expense tour for two to British Columbia via Trans-Canada Air Lines. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 53 NUMBER OF U.S. CARS ENTERING BRITISH COLUMBIA DURING 1961 AND 1962 SOURCE DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS. Q 2 < (f) D o X 2 110 100 90- 80 70 — 60^ V) OC < o LL o a: LU m 50 40 30 20 10- JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG. MONTH 1962 I 1961 S 54 BRITISH COLUMBIA H o \ '. o 0. D NX HI < n UJ I cc 1 z> 1 19 CD 1 < 11 J LlI 1 : > / / J g 1 -J / . 1- OJ cp 9 i 1 f, - Z 3 /. - O <D / t .- °o B.C. 196 ' 1 /..• l ., ..* U) •••/ UJ ..'•■' / 1 at CC 1 tL < D \ 1 O \ z ' \ tt LI •.;_ s . ^ _1 \ V <. < « (0 2 '■.. V UJ LL. . s \ •A \ X ■*<neM20o><DN<omtncMv- "» i- ».«-■»" *- SQNVSnOHl Nl S3IcJinON3 PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY Chief Mungo Martin, late chief carver, Provincial Museum. (B.C. Government photo.) Model of British Columbia, 5 by 7 feet, designed and constructed by F. L. Beebe, Museum technician. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 57 PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY G. Clifford Carl, Director Two significant events marked 1962 as memorable in the history of the Provincial Museum: a record attendance was attained and the institution celebrated its seventy-fifth birthday. Otherwise, activities were carried on much as usual. Undoubtedly the increase in number of visitors was due to the World's Fair, which brought several millions of persons to the Seattle area, plus the centennial celebrations in Victoria, which further encouraged visitors to come to Vancouver Island. Whatever the reason, the end result was that more than 270,000 persons passed through the Museum during the tourist season, more than two and one-half times as many as in any previous entire year. Since October 25, 1887, when the Provincial Museum was officially opened, this branch of the Government has given three-quarters of a century of continuous service. To commemorate the occasion, the Provincial Government was host to a banquet on October 27, 1962, which was attended by Government officials, representatives of related organizations, and individuals who have been associated with the Museum over the years. Chairman was the Honourable E. C. Westwood, Minister of the Department of Recreation and Conservation. The Honourable W. N. Chant, Minister of Public Works, represented Premier W. A. C. Bennett; Dr. L. S. Russell, Director of the National Museum of Canada and president of the Canadian Museums Association, was guest speaker. FIELD WORK Various members of the staff spent periods of time during the year in various portions of the Province. Bird and mammal work was largely confined to assisting in photographic work in the Creston area on two occasions, in making a reconnaissance of islands in Barkley Sound, and in aiding an aerial big-game census in the Columbia Valley. Botanical collecting was carried on in Northern British Columbia, and a preliminary reconnaissance was made of the Revelstoke-Arrow Lakes-Kootenay Lake district in preparation for a survey planned for 1963. Anthropological contacts were maintained and work accomplished by a trip including stops in the Shuswap Lake area, Hazelton region, Prince Rupert, and certain parts of the Queen Charlotte Islands. In addition, colour slides and tape recordings were obtained and two totem-poles were collected. Various " digs " being sponsored by the Archslogical Sites Advisory Board were also visited, and during the winter several local Indian spirit dances were attended. PUBLICATIONS The following publications have appeared in 1962:— Anonymous— " Guide to the Provincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology," October, 1962. Donald N. Abbott— " Victoria and District Archaeology Club." Victoria Naturalist, Vol. 18, No. 7, p. 98. " Care of Silver." Museum Round-up, No. 8, p. 16, October, 1962. S 58 BRITISH COLUMBIA Frank L. Beebe— "Museum Techniques." Museum Round-up, No. 8, pp. 22-23, October, 1962. G. Clifford Carl— " The Sea." Victoria Naturalist, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 51-54. " 75 Years of Progress." The Islander, Daily Colonist, Sunday, November 18, pp. 2 and 10. Wilson Duff— " Wanted: A Word." The Clearing House (Western Museums Quarterly), Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 23, 1961. Review of " Men of Medeek," by Will Robinson. Beaver, Outfit 293, winter 1962, p. 56. C. J. Guiguet— " River Otter." Victoria Naturalist, Vol. 18, No. 5, p. 53. " The Cougar on Vancouver Island." Canadian Audubon, Vol. 24, No. 1, lan.-Feb., 1962, pp. 6-9. " Don't Condemn the Cougar." British Columbia Digest, Vol. 18, No. 5, October, 1962, p. 19. " Bird Finding in British Columbia." Canadian Audubon, Vol. 24, No. 4, Sept.-Oct, 1962, pp. 108-112. George A. Hardy— " Notes on the Life Histories of One Butterfly and Three Moths from Vancouver Island (Lepidoptera: Lycasnidae, Phak-enidas and Geo- metridae)." Proc. Entomological Society of British Columbia, Vol. 59, pp. 35-39. "Additional Notes on Nymphalis californica Bdv." Proc. Entomological Society of British Columbia, Vol. 59, p. 34. Josephine F. L. Hart— " Records of Distribution of Some Crustacea in British Columbia." Report of the Provincial Museum for 1961, pp. 17-19. W. E. Ricker and Ferris Neave— " Nesting Colony of Mew Gulls on Kennedy Lake, Vancouver Island." Report of the Provincial Museum for 1961, pp. 20-21. Adam F. Szczawinski and G. A. Hardy— " Guide to Common Edible Plants of British Columbia." British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook No. 20, pp. 1-90. The " Guide to Common Edible Plants," by Dr. Szczawinski and Mr. Hardy (formerly of the Museum staff), is a revised edition of Handbook No. 1, prepared by Mr. Hardy more than twenty years ago. The old booklet has been a continuous " best seller," and the new edition has already proved to be exceedingly popular. It has pointed out the need for a companion volume on poisonous plants, a publication planned for early production. Other publications in the fields of anthropology and natural history are in various stages of preparation or are awaiting publication. CURATORIAL ACTIVITIES As time between field work and other activities permitted, the entire study collection of bird-skins was rearranged to incorporate all specimens acquired in recent years. The skins are now in their correct order, and spaces have been left so that new specimens can be readily added. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 59 The colony of bone-cleaning beetles that has been maintained for many years in the Museum laboratory has now been moved to a separate insect-proof structure kindly provided by the Department of Public Works. A large number of plant specimens has been prepared during the year and has been added to the herbarium, bringing the number up to 38,250. In the anthropological division, the stone, bone, and other archaeological materials have been checked, cleaned, and rearranged on storage shelves, mostly by a volunteer assistant, Mr. John Sendey, to whom we are greatly indebted. The New- combe Collection was incorporated in storage, and the Interior Indian display-room, which had been used as a receiving-room, was opened once more to the public. In November the Department of Public Works awarded a contract to a local firm which undertook to provide regular pest-control service in the Museum wing, storerooms, and laboratory. DISPLAYS During the spring months much time was spent in completely rearranging the bird display in the public gallery. Each old-style glass case was modified by installing a back and two wings of wallboard to which perches were attached for the support of each bird. The birds were arranged in natural groups, and a harmonious colour scheme was adopted to demonstrate the relationships of various groups. Later a new display-wall was installed on the main floor to feature living amphibians and reptiles. The exhibit includes several individual cages, each designed to show the typical habitat of the animal featured. Background is mostly foam plastic supporting natural accessories. Overhead lamps provide both light and heat for the animals requiring warm quarters. A number of choice items from the Indian collection were on display in the Fine Arts Building at the World's Fair in Seattle for a six-month period beginning in April, where they were viewed by several millions of people. In addition, various other small temporary displays were arranged, as requested from time to time. During the period October 23rd to November 7th, a number of Haida and Kwakiutl drawings and several other objects of Indian art were displayed at the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria. RESEARCH Some progress was made in three long-term projects that have been carried on for several years, mainly the study of small-animal populations on Coastal islands, the Province-wide botanical survey, and the study of social organization in the Tsimshian. Work in these fields is carried on by staff members when time and opportunity permit. In addition, a preliminary report was completed on the Beach Grove archaeological site (DgRsl) and several additions were made to the file of British Columbia archaeological sites, mostly from reports of interested outsiders. In January the Provincial Museum received a National Science Foundation grant to support independent research being carried on by Dr. J. F. L. Hart, a volunteer assistant. Results are to be published by the National Museum, Washington, D.C. From time to time during the year, samples of glaucous-winged gulls were collected in Oak Bay and sent to the University of Washington at Seattle, where a long- term study of plumage changes is being made. S 60 BRITISH COLUMBIA ATTENDANCE Because the visitors' register was no longer serving a useful purpose and was interfering with traffic flow, it was removed early in the year, and the policy of asking visitors to sign was discontinued. The following attendance figures are monthly estimates based on registrations or on sample counts at irregular intervals:— January 1,600 August 115,000 February 3,000 September 20,000 March 3,400 October 3,600 April 6,600 November 1,600 May 12,000 December 1,200 June 20,000 July 85,000 Grand total 273,000 The total estimated attendance of more than 270,000 is the highest on record, exceeding previous records by more than two and one-half times. To help cope with the crowds and to provide pleasant surroundings for leisure time, the Museum hours were extended to 9 p.m. each evening except Sunday during July, August, and part of September. Many persons availed themselves of this extra service, particularly on evenings when flag-lowering ceremonies were presented in front of the Legislative Buildings. Volunteer Docents The offer of assistance as volunteer guides by several lady members of the Victoria Natural History Society was enthusiastically accepted in the early summer, and the extra service was offered during July and August. No set schedule was followed, the ladies coming as time permitted. As it was found that visitors preferred asking questions of the guides rather than being taken on conducted tours, the organizing of groups was not attempted. Nevertheless, the service was much appreciated and proved of value to both visitor and guide. We are greatly indebted to the various members of the Victoria Natural History Society who gave freely of their time and knowledge in furthering the enjoyment of Museum visitors. EXTENSION WORK Staff members have continued to give numerous illustrated talks both locally and in other parts of the Province throughout the year. In March the Director gave a series of wildlife lectures in Florida under the combined auspices of the Canadian Audubon Society, the National Audubon Society, and local organizations. At various times, specimens and materials were loaned for temporary displays in Vancouver, Chase, and Victoria, and during the British Columbia Museums Association meetings at Barkerville in September certain staff members gave instruction and practical demonstrations of museum techniques. In November a photographic team from West Germany filmed sections of the Indian displays and activities at Thunderbird Park for television use. The Director, and occasionally other members of the staff, has contributed regularly to a local weekly radio panel, " Outdoors with the Experts," which started in 1955. Staff members also participated several times in a local television programme featuring work of the Department. During the fall term the Curator of Botany gave an evening non-credit course called " Mushrooms for Beginners " under the auspices of Victoria College. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 61 THUNDERBIRD PARK The death of Chief Mungo Martin in August, after ten years as chief carver of the totem-pole restoration programme, was a sad blow, for his knowledge and talents can never be replaced. The programme will continue with Henry Hunt as chief carver. Carving was started in April, and three projects were completed during the year. An additional copy of a 21-foot Kitwancool Frog pole was made and will be held available for loans when requested. A large plaque representing the Thunder- bird and Whale was made for display in the new Travel Bureau office in Vancouver. A copy was made of one of the two large Kitwancool poles collected during the summer, to be sent back and erected in that village. In addition, arrangements were completed to carve a 65-foot totem-pole as a gift from Canada to the City of Buenos Aires. Several improvemens were made to the exhibits in the park. A new Thunder- bird Park arch using more authentic carvings was constructed to replace the old one. A replica of one of the large Kitwancool poles was erected to replace an old Bella Coola entrance pole, which was moved to storage. New labels were placed on all exhibits, and three new benches provided by the Parks Branch were installed, preparatory to landscaping and planting of native shrubs, which is now in progress. OBITUARIES With regret we record here the passing of five persons who, over the years, have rendered many services to the Museum and to the Province as a whole. Mr. Gordon Stace Smith, of Creston, B.C., an amateur collector and authority on beetles of British Columbia (February 19th). Mr. I. E. Cornwall, an early student and collector of fossils on Southern Vancouver Island and later an authority on barnacles of the Province (August 6th). Chief Mungo Martin, world-renowned Kwakiutl artist and chief carver in the Museum's totem restoration programme (August 16th). Mrs. Amy Barrow, widow of the late F. J. Barrow of Sidney, B.C., who was a student and photographer of Coastal Indian pictographs and amateur archaeologist (November 20th). Mr. Francis Cecil Whitehouse, an authority on sports fishing in British Columbia and on dragonflies of the Province. (December 3, 1959, in Phoenix, Arizona.) S 62 BRITISH COLUMBIA PROVINCIAL MUSEUM ESTIMATED ATTENDANCE OTK 250 2?^ U) Q 2 < <f) D O X H 200 175 2 150 125 mo tf) CU 9- If) > 75 tn 1957 58 59 60 61 62 YEAR Rogers Pass. Shuswap River. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 65 PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH R. L. Colby, Chief During the year the Photographic Branch completed work for every department of the Government. Portraits were taken in the studio; the new Courthouse was photographed at the request of the Department of Public Works; the Honourable L. H. Shantz, Speaker of the House, and Sergeant-at-Arms were photographed in the Legislative Chambers. The launching of the new ferry " City of Vancouver " was covered for photographic records, and the civil defence classes at Keating were photographed. Progress shots of the new wing of the Royal Jubilee Hospital were taken on two occasions, the staff of " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine was photographed at work in the Accounts Office for the Civil Service Commission, and pictures were taken in colour and in black and white of winter sports on the Mainland, for the albums. February saw work again completed for all departments, including photographs in this Department's Accounts Office for a story on " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine, and a mental health display was photographed for Hospital Insurance Service. The Honourable Earle C. Westwood and Mayor R. B. Wilson were photographed in the Minister's office for publicity purposes in connection with " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine. The taking-over ceremony of the new Government ferry " City of Victoria " was covered, as was the opening of the curling season in Victoria at the curling-rink, and a group picture of Press Gallery reporters was taken. The opening of the Legislature and the reception held in the Empress Hotel were both covered. Photographs were taken in the Legislature on the occasion of bringing down the Budget, and a field trip was taken to the Interior for pictures of winter sports. Two further trips were taken to the Interior of British Columbia to assist a National Film Board photographer, and for further winter-sports pictures for the albums. Seventy-odd specimens and a group of Indian art works were photographed for the Provincial Museum; a trip was taken to Sooke for pictures for " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine; and candidates for the Civil Defence Training Programme were photographed at the Keating Crossroad headquarters for Civil Defence. Work was completed for all departments again in March, amounting to almost 1,500 prints. Additional projects covered were the opening of Mount Seymour ski lift at Vancouver and the photographing of Civil Defence Training Course candidates on two occasions at Keating Crossroad. Progress shots of the addition to Royal Jubilee Hospital were taken. Pictures were taken of the presentation on the occasion of the retirement of Mr. B. W. Dysart. A flag was photographed for the Department of the Provincial Secretary, a drawing of a proposed building was photographed for the Department of Public Works, and pictures were taken of the Jericho Hill School in Vancouver. The 4-H Club was photographed at the new Courthouse for the Department of Agriculture, a trip was taken to Duck Lake in Creston area to secure a picture story of bird migration, and pictures were taken of " Miss Hawaii " (Miss Rose Marie Alvaro) on her visit to Victoria. Work proceeded steadily through April, and included a portrait of the Honourable Earle C. Westwood in his office, a group photograph for the Department of Education in connection with a Waitress Training Course, and a portrait of Mr. S 66 BRITISH COLUMBIA T. Uphill for the Provincial Secretary. A special motion-picture show was projected at Government House for the Lieutenant-Governor. A total of six field trips was taken to obtain spring flower pictures for the Museum and for possible use in " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine. An aeroplane trip was taken to obtain aerial shots of the British Columbia Government ferries. Photographs were taken at the Fish and Game School held at Green Timbers; a number of slides were prepared for the Travel Bureau; the taking-over ceremony of the M.V. " City of Vancouver " was covered for the British Columbia Toll Authority Ferry System; and further pictures were taken for Civil Defence at Keating Crossroad. Several trips were taken in May for further wild-flower pictures for " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine, and wild flowers and fungi were photographed for the Museum. The retirement ceremony for Mr. F. M. Shandley, and a presentation being made, was covered for the Department of Finance. Figures at the Wax Museum were photographed for " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine; an arbutus-tree was photographed whilst in blossom, in colour and in black and white, for the Museum; a waitress-training class was photographed for the Department of Education; the display of Civil Defence was photographed at the Jaycees Fair, in colour; and the annual Cloverdale Stampede was covered for " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer executives were photographed with Premier W. A. C. Bennett in his office prior to the arrival of the replica of H.M.S. " Bounty " in Victoria. A delegation of the Common Market Timber Association was photographed in the Empress Hotel, and a dinner for them in the evening was also covered. Further progress shots were also taken at Royal Jubilee Hospital; the opening of the new Deas Island Throughway was covered; and fungus shots were made on location for the Museum. Almost 1,400 prints were turned out for other departments and for magazine and newspaper writers. Darkroom production in June totalled more than 1,000 prints, which covered material required by many departments. Field trips were taken to cover whaling at Port Hardy, wild flowers, the International Peace Arch celebrations at Douglas- Blaine customs, and clearing of timber and debris from Silver Creek for the Fish and Game Branch. Two flights were made to obtain pohtographs of B.C. Government ferries on their respective routes; interior pictures of M.V. " City of Victoria " were taken for the British Columbia Toll Authority Ferry System; the visit of the sailing-ship " Bounty " was photographed in colour; and Civil Defence classes were photographed at Keating training centre. Her Royal Highness the Princess Royal was photographed on two separate occasions at ceremonies in Victoria. Darkroom production rose to almost 1,200 prints in July to fill requests from other branches and writers. Trips included Galiano Island, Nanaimo, Duncan, Rogers Pass, Vancouver, Manning Park, and Kamloops for picture coverage for the albums and for " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine. Photographs were taken of the new fountain on Superior Street, and of maps, bees, and a turtle for the Museum. In August, darkroom production increased to almost 1,800 prints, with a third of these going to fill requests from magazine and newspaper writers, and the remainder to other departments. Assignments included identification pictures for the Department of Lands, Forests, and Water Resources; the Premiers' Conference in Victoria, in Barkerville Historic Park, and the Premiers' departure in M.V. " City of Vancouver " from Swartz Bay; at Prince George for Simon Fraser Days; the DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 67 Sunshine Coast for " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine; a tree-planting ceremony at Government House; and the Trans-Canada Caravan in Rogers Pass and on its arrival at Victoria. Pictures were taken of Burnaby for possible use in " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine, and two trips were taken to Vancouver in connection with the magazine. Additional trips were taken to Manning Park, Keremeos, Princeton, Hudson Hope, Fort St. John, Dawson Creek, and Prince George. About a third of the darkroom production of 1,400 prints was used to fill requests from writers, and the other two-thirds were required by other departments. Indian relics and a relief map were photographed for the Museum, and the Royal Jubilee Hospital was photographed along with progress shots of the new wing. Special assignments were photographing a burned-out stone-crusher at a gravel pit near Goldstream, the display at Esquimalt Fall Fair, and tourists shopping in Victoria. Premier W. A. C. Bennett was photographed in his office during the presentation of a red hat to open Safe Hunting Week, and again at the opening of the P.G.E. Railway station at Pemberton. Field trips were quite extensive and included visits to 100 Mile House, Lillooet, Cache Creek, Merritt, Princeton, Keremeos, Yoho National Park, Kootenay and Okanagan areas. Pictures were taken of campsites and of the Fish and Game Branch checking-station at Cache Creek. A series of 35-mm. slides was made for the Department of Agriculture for lecture use, and a number of portraits were taken in the studio. October darkroom figures showed an increase to almost 1,600 prints, more than 1,000 of which were direct orders from other departments of the Government, with writers, newspapers, and magazines accounting for the balance. Special assignments covered by the photographers included the Engineers' Convention in the Douglas Building, the launching and christening of the Fish and Game Branch boat " The Marten," the graduating class of the Executive Development Training Course at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, fungi pictures for the Museum, the typewriter staff at work in their shops for the Government News, colour shots of Anne Hathaway Cottage in Esquimalt for " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine, the " Salute to the Sockeye " at Squilax, the Sunshine Coast for a picture story for " Beautiful British Columbia " magazine, and a trip to the Lower Fraser Valley for autumn colour pictures. On two occasions it was necessary to go to Vancouver for sounding the films " Big Game Camera Holiday " and " Indian Days." The studio accounted for thirty portraits. Considerable darkroom work was completed in November, including a large number of mounted enlargements, special orders for advertising purposes, and a heavy schedule of identification portraits. Print production accounted for more than 1,000 pictures for other Government departments, and an additional 452 were sent out to writers, magazines, and newspapers. Special assignments included the Maritime Museum, a group picture for the Minister of Agriculture at the Douglas Building, the Deputy Ministers' banquet at Government House, a trip to Vancouver for film-sounding, the reptile exhibit at the Museum, totem-poles in the workshop at Thunderbird Park, and the launching of the M.V. " Queen of Saanich " at Victoria Machinery Depot docks. Identification picture requests were all completed, and the fountain was photographed in colour for the Department of Public Works. Darkroom production in December reached a high level, with all orders and requests being filled. Special assignments included Civil Service twenty-five-year award luncheons at the Empress Hotel and at the Hotel Vancouver. Trips were also made to Vancouver for film sounding and editing purposes. S 68 BRITISH COLUMBIA MOTION PICTURES " Life Line," " Play It Safe," " Highlights of Highway 16," " Big Game Camera Holiday," and " Indian Days " were released during the year. Footage was shot and editing done on three further films presently referred to as "Rogers Pass," " Vancouver Island," and " Duck Lake Bird Film." DARKROOM PRODUCTION A total of 3,079 negatives was processed and 18,455 prints were made, of which 5,311 were supplied to writers, newspapers, and magazines, with the balance used by other departments of the Government. COLOUR PRODUCTION Approximately 2,500 colour pictures were taken, covering the entire Province, and these have been added to the colour albums. Demand for the negatives of these pictures is increasing steadily, and they are used in many countries. GENERAL Letters received at the Branch totalled 1,433, and those sent out exceeded the 1,000 mark. A total of 113 portraits was taken in the Branch studio, and seventy- seven shows were given in the theatre. During the year this Branch absorbed the film library of the Fish and Game Branch, while the demand for all films continues to grow. According to incomplete records, private showings of Branch films in Canada amounted to 2,504, with audiences of 185,204, and there were 144 television showings, all directed from the Branch office. In the United States there were 11,836 private showings to a total audience of 588,456 people, plus 120 television shows, arranged through the Canadian Government Travel Bureau film library in that country. Considering the adverse weather conditions encountered through most of the year, the Branch was able to accomplish much useful work. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 69 DARKROOM PRODUCTION V) in UJ >a 2o EE 10 or 0_ 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 / k- X s ^' V / ' ■.-"'" ^ 18,455 3,079 1957 1958 1959 1960 YEAR 1961 1962 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH Tagging spawning sockeye salmon at the mouth of the Adams River. Part of the whaling fleet, just before leaving Vancouver to start a new fishing season. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 73 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH J. Kemp, Supervisor Total Marketed Value of Fish 1957 $63,100,000 1958 $98,200,000 1959 $66,400,000 1960 $52,300,000 1961 $77,900,000 Number of Licensed Fishermen 1957 12,016 1958 14,266 1959 14,463 1960 14,191 1961 15,660 Number of Licensed Boats 1957 8,106 1958 8,177 1959 8,478 1960 8,623 1961 8,856 Value of Gear 1957 $7,997,000 1958 $8,185,000 1959 $7,701,000 1960 $8,545,000 1961 $8,946,000 The canned-salmon pack for 1962 was 1,815,609 cases, an increase over the 1961 pack of 404,035 cases. Once again the salmon fishery was free from any tie-ups due to disputes between the fishermen and the operators. Over all, fishing was rather poor, and if it had not been for the unprecedented run of pinks, the fishing picture might not have been as good as in 1961. The sockeye pack was down by 100,236 cases, the coho by 58,134, followed by blueback, down 477 cases, springs down 858 cases, and steelhead down 161 cases, for a total of 159,866 cases fewer than the 1961 pack. More than offsetting this, however, was the pink pack of 1,187,933 cases, a gain over 1961 of 526,475 cases. Also helping to swell the total was a better pack of chums, 133,638 cases, for a gain of 38,238. The canned-salmon pack for 1962 was made up of the following species (48- pound cases): Sockeyes, 298,188; bluebacks, 12,050; chums, 133,638; springs, 7,069; cohoes, 175,913; pinks, 1,187,933; steelheads, 818. BRITISH COLUMBIA CANNING INDUSTRY Twenty-one salmon canneries were licensed to operate in the Province by this Branch. The locations were as follows: Queen Charlotte Islands, 1; Skeena River, 7; Central Area, 1; Vancouver Island, 2; Fraser River and Lower Mainland, 10. Two canneries, normally licensed, Glen Rose and Port Alberni, did not operate this year, and a third plant, Namu, was razed by fire. Balancing this deficit to some extent were two new operations—one at Tofino and the other at Prince Rupert. Sockeye Salmon The International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, which manages the sockeye and pink runs to the Fraser River, predicted that this year's run would be a poor one. To allow a minimum escapement of spawners, it was necessary to severely limit fishing in order that the necessary Wi to 2 million fish could reach the spawning-ground. In the previous peak year of 1958, at least 19,000,000 fish taxed the capacity of the spawning-grounds. r S 74 BRITISH COLUMBIA Because of the poor run, the total pack of sockeye was only 298,188 cases, as compared to last year's pack of 398,303 cases and 776,117 fewer cases than the previous peak cyclical year of 1958. " Salute to the Sockeye " This " Salute" is held every four years to coincide with the peak cyclical return of this species to the Adams River spawning-grounds. The Federal Department of Fisheries, the Department of Recreation and Conservation, the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, the Fisheries Association of British Columbia, and the United Fishermen and Allied Workers' Union collaborated to make the event a success. Nearly 8,000 persons attended this event, to view the displays set up by these organizations and to watch the brightly coloured salmon struggle up-stream. The total Adams River run was extremely small this year, with an estimated 1,700,000 fish, as contrasted to the more than 19,000,000 that taxed the capacity of the spawning-grounds in 1958. Pink Salmon The pink-salmon pack this year set an all-time record with 1,187,933 cases. The best previous figure was in 1930, when 1,112,000 cases were canned. The waters of Fisher Channel, Fitz Hugh Sound, and Burke Channel, in the north central coast area, yielded the most spectacular catches as the fish passed through them on their way to the Bella Coola and Atnarko Rivers. The 1962 pack exceeded that of 1961 by 526,475 cases. Coho Salmon The coho pack at 175,913 cases was about average, although it was down by 58,134 cases from the 1961 pack of 227,479 cases. The 1961 figure, however, was 12,050 cases higher than the average pack for the last six years, 1957 to 1962, inclusive. Chum Salmon Because of good fishing in the Queen Charlottes and other northern areas, the chum-salmon pack was the best since 1958. Southern area runs were failures. In Johnstone Strait about 75,000 fish were landed, and the west coast fishing in all areas south of Cape Caution yielded no more than 100,000 fish by the end of October. The chum pack for 1962 was 133,638 cases, an increase of 38,238 cases over 1961 and the highest since 1958. Spring Salmon The spring-salmon pack for 1962 was down slightly from the previous year, when 7,412 cases were packed. This year saw a total pack of 7,069 cases, 2,459 cases lower than the average pack for the last six years, 1957 to 1962, inclusive. TUNA Two British Columbia boats fished for tuna off the California coast in 1962. The new venture was made possible by the use of a revolutionary brine-spray freezing system. This system, installed under a special subsidy programme of the Canadian Department of Fisheries, enabled the two vessels to make the long haul successfully and deliver tuna in prime condition to British Columbia ports. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 75 Good fishing was enjoyed, but both captains are convinced larger boats will be necessary in future if the venture is to be completely successful. The bluefin tuna caught on the trips was sold in the United States, but the albacore was processed locally near Steveston. DOGFISH CONTROL Fishing for dogfish under the Canadian Department of Fisheries dogfish-liver subsidy programme was a mop-up operation to finish subsidy money left over from the previous season. Fishing continued for three weeks early in the year, from March 6th to March 31st. During this period 81,600 pounds of liver, worth approximately $12,000, were deliverd to shore plants. HALIBUT The International Pacific Halibut Commission was set up under treaty between Canada and the United States for the protection and rehabilitation of the halibut fishery. For the purpose of regulation, the Pacific Coast is divided into a number of areas. The 1962 regulatory areas are as follows:— Area 1a—South of Heceta Head, Ore., U.S.A. Area 1b—Between Heceta Head and Willapa Bay, Wash., U.S.A. Area 2—Between Willapa Bay and Cape Spencer, Alaska. Area 3a—Between Cape Spencer and Kupreanof Point, near Shumagin Islands. Area 3 b South—South of Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, between Kupreanof Point and Cape Sagak, Umnak Island. Area 3b North—Bering Sea and around Aleutians west of Cape Sagak. With the end of fishing in Area 3b, the halibut season came to a close this year on October 15th. Record-breaking catches, coupled with the highest ex-vessel prices paid in seventy-two years, produced the best halibut season in the industry's history. British Columbia fishermen took 35,000,000 pounds, thus beating the previous record of 33,700,000 pounds set in 1960. It was felt that the remarkably good production this year is the result of regulation and control set up by the International Pacific Halibut Commission, and represents a 31,000,000-pound catch in excess of the depleted production potential prior to 1931, when international management began. HERRING For the eighth time in the last ten years, the herring fleet was tied up because of a strike in the industry, the fishermen demanding $16 a ton, or $5.60 more per ton than was paid in 1961. Settlement was reached on October 27th, and the fleet resumed fishing on December 1, 1962. New prices offered were $16 per ton for herring used for eating and $11.40 a ton for herring used for fertilizer. Last available reports for the year show herring-meal production of 22,895 tons and herring-oil production of 3,097,561 imperial gallons. WHALING This year two large companies—British Columbia Packers Limited of Canada and Taiyo Gyogyo Fishing Company of Japan—combined in an effort to revive the British Columbia whaling industry. S 76 BRITISH COLUMBIA Six catcher boats were used—four Canadian and two Japanese. Japanese experts worked with Canadians in this joint effort. These technicians were on hand to teach new methods of handling the whales in order to produce high- quality meat for human consumption. The meat was produced for the Japanese market. In addition to the meat, by-products were obtained for mink and pet food. Whale oil and meal were also manufactured. Unfortunately the final catch of 713 whales fell far short of the 1,000 whales the company had hoped to take. The whales were smaller in size than desired, which further added to the company's disappointment. Main reason for the poor season was the weather, which was stormy almost from the start, with the result fishing closed two weeks earlier than originally scheduled. Other factors adversely affecting company operations for this first year were market conditions. Japanese cutback of imports reduced the demand for whale meat, and the world market for whale oil was poor. PACIFIC OYSTER BREEDING Weather conditions during the summer of 1962 were not favourable to the creation of suitable hydrographic conditions for oyster-breeding, although the period between July 20th and August 6th produced surface-water temperatures between 20° and 24° C. in both Ladysmith Harbour and Pendrell Sound. On July 23rd a fairly good spawning occurred in Ladysmith Harbour, and survival until July 31st was reasonable, but thereafter losses were suffered. No significant setting resulted. In Pendrell Sound, first spawning occurred about June 24th, but this was small and produced no spat. A much larger spawning occurred about July 15th. A spat- fall of commercial proportions was forecast for the week beginning August 1st. Actual survival was excellent, and a heavier spatfall than expected occurred. Shell cultch exposed between July 30th and August 7th collected 1,900 spat per shell. About 40,000 shell strings were exposed, but they were put in about August 3rd, when the main setting intensity was over. Commercial strings exposed between August 3rd and 7th collected an average of just over 100 spat per shell. Another small spawning occurred on or about July 20th, but yielded only insignificant numbers of spat. REVIEW OF FISHERIES PRODUCTION, 1961 The total marketed value of the fisheries of British Columbia for 1961 amounted to $77,900,000, an increase of $25,600,000 over 1960. 1960 was a very poor year, and the $77,900,000 return for 1961 was more in keeping with the last ten years' average. The principal species as marketed were salmon, with a value of $57,314,000; herring, with a value of $8,207,000; and halibut, with a marketed value of $7,099,000. The landed value of the 1961 halibut catch was $5,316,000, as compared to $4,379,000 in 1960. In 1961 the marketed value of shellfish amounted to $1,641,000. The value of the clam production was $324,000; oyster production, $480,000; crab production, $470,000; shrimp and prawn production, $367,000. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 77 VESSELS AND BOATS The number and value of boats used in catching and landing fish in British Columbia for 1961 included 1,184 boats in the 10-ton-and-over class and 7,672 boats in the under-10-ton group, which totalled 8,856 boats, valued at $53,803,000. There were 233 more boats operating in Coastal waters than in 1960. Gear and Equipment The 1961 inventory of fishing-gear included 8,350 gill-nets, 508 salmon seine- nets, and 146 herring seine-nets, valued at $5,671,000. Wire, cotton, and nylon trolling-lines were valued at $451,000. Number of Fishermen Licensed Fifteen thousand six hundred and sixty commercial fishermen were licensed in British Columbia in 1961, compared with 14,191 licensed in 1960. The number of men employed on fish-packers and collector boats totalled 1,145. REVIEW OF BRITISH COLUMBIA'S SALMON-CANNING INDUSTRY, 1961 The Commercial Fisheries Branch licensed twenty-three salmon canneries to operate in 1961, one less than in 1960. The operating canneries in 1961 were located as follows: Queen Charlotte Islands, 1; Skeena River, 6; Central Area, 2; Vancouver Island, 2; Fraser River and Lower Mainland, 12. The total canned-salmon pack for British Columbia, according to the annual returns submitted to this Branch by canners licensed to operate in 1961, amounted to 1,405,158 cases, slightly below the 1951-60 average. The value of all salmon, however, at $46,151,000, had only been exceeded twice—in 1951 and again in 1958. Although canned-salmon prices were lower than the 1960 average, total landings increased by 61 per cent, thus this year's market value was more than double the $22,800,000 reported the previous year. Sockeye and Pink Salmon These two species together accounted for 1,059,495 cases, which was 75 per cent of the total canned-salmon pack or 62 per cent of the total market value for all the salmon production of this year. The sockeye pack in 1961 was 398,205 cases, an increase over the 1960 pack of 171,361 cases. The pinks likewise showed an increase over 1960's pack, with a gain of 441,726 cases, bringing their total pack up to 661,290 cases. Coho Salmon The 1961 coho pack was 241,379 cases, a substantial increase over 1960. A 75-per-cent higher catch was responsible for this increase, which yielded a canned pack worth $8,600,000, with other coho marketings adding a further $3,700,000 to the total. Chum Salmon Fall runs of chum salmon were poor, and most of this season's 30-per-cent decline in catch was attributed to this factor. The summer runs, however, were sufficiently high to allow an over-all increase of 10 per cent over the 1960 pack, which amounted to 86,818 cases. The 1961 pack was 95,385 cases. S 78 BRITISH COLUMBIA Spring Salmon The 1961 spring-salmon pack amounted to 7,488 cases, an increase of 1,575 cases over 1960. The total market value of spring salmon dropped by approximately 10 per cent to $4,400,000. Average prices for fresh dressed products showed little change, but unit values for frozen dressed for marketing were high. Steelhead The 1961 steelhead pack amounted to 979 cases, an increase over the 1960 pack of 479 cases. Steelhead are not salmon, but some are canned each year, principally those caught incidental to fishing other species. OTHER CANNERIES Herring Canneries.—Two canneries were licensed to operate and produced 19,102 cases of canned herring. Pilchard Canneries.—There has been no pilchard run off the west coast of Vancouver Island since 1949. Tuna-fish Canneries.—Three tuna-fish canneries were licensed to operate in 1961 and produced 39,110 cases. Shellfish Canneries.—In 1961 nine shellfish canneries were licensed to operate in British Columbia and produced a pack as follows: Clams, 28,986 cases; crabs, 38,849 cases; oysters, 14,473 cases of 24/1A,s smoked oysters and 9,741 cases of 24/10-ounce stewed oysters; shrimp, 308 cases; abalone, 40 cases. MILD-CURED SALMON Four of the five plants licensed to mild-cure salmon in 1961 operated and produced a pack of 362 tierces, containing 2,986^ hundredweight. This operation is comparable with the production of five plants which operated in 1960 to produce a pack of 320 tierces, containing 2,639 hundredweight. HALIBUT The halibut season opened in Bering Sea in April, and on the remainder of the Pacific Coast waters in May. Stocks were low, markets firm, prices well above the levels at which they opened in the previous year, and fishing was good. The season closed in British Columbia waters on September 7th and in Alaska on October 1st. The catch was about 14 per cent smaller but 13 per cent more valuable than in 1960. A swing from iced to frozen halibut was noted in market demand. Freezings increased by about 20 per cent, but stocks were lower at the end of the season. British buyers had taken about 1,300,000 pounds in 1960, and repeated their orders in 1961. Halibut landed in British Columbia ports by Canadian fishermen dropped slightly by about 2,200,000 pounds to 24,951,000 pounds, worth $7,099,000. Canadian landings of halibut to United States ports also declined from 6,706,000 pounds landed in 1960 to 4,530,000 pounds landed in 1961. FISH OIL AND MEAL There was an exceptionally good catch of herring in 1961 of 224,200 tons. As usual, the herring fishery was to a large extent dependent on the meal and oil market. Cannery and specialty-product marketing was light. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 79 In 1961 eight herring plants were licensed to operate. These plants produced a total of 40,746 tons of meal and 4,751,082 gallons of oil. This compared with 1960 when eight plants produced 31,203 tons of meal and 2,966,547 gallons of oil. Fish-liver Reduction.—Three plants were licensed to operate in 1961, processing 1,555,395 pounds of fish livers and producing 3,228,748 million U.S.P. units of Vitamin A. In 1960 three plants processed 1,158,880 pounds of fish livers and produced 2,258,748 million U.S.P. units of Vitamin A. Miscellaneous Reduction—Fish Offal and Dogfish.—During the 1961 season eight plants were licensed to operate, and produced 1,157 tons of meal and 127,580 gallons of oil. This production is compared with 1960, in which year seven plants produced 2,099 tons of meal and 62,983 gallons of oil. Whale Reduction.—In British Columbia there is only one shore-based whaling- station. During 1961 it did not operate. S 80 BRITISH COLUMBIA STATISTICAL TABLES Table 1.—Licences Issued and Revenue Collected, 1958 to 1962, Inclusive 1958 Number Revenue 1959 Number Revenue 1960 Number Revenue 1961 Number Revenue 1962 Number Revenue Salmon cannery Herring cannery Herring reduction..... Tierced salmon. Fish cold storage Fish-processing Shellfish cannery Tuna-fish cannery Fish-offal reduction.. Fish-liver reduction .. Whale reduction Herring dry-saltery... Fish-buyers Totals.... 20 $4,000 1 9 3 1 442 536 24 $4,800 1 100 12 1,200 7 700 16 1,600 16 16 1 9 3 100 11,050 10 6 17 18 9 3 9 3 1 2 1,000 600 1,700 18 9 3 9 3 100 200 23 1 8 5 18 20 $4,600 100 800 500 1,800 20 8 A 7 3 457 [ 11,425 425 | 10,625 $18,787 559 $19,867 520 |$ 18,465 23 2 6 5 18 19 9 3 434 $4,600 200 600 500 1,800 19 9 3 10,850 21 9 6 20 21 8 2 9 3 1 448 $4,200 900 600 2,000 21 8 2 9 3 100 11,200 530 $18,592 548 $19,043 Table II.—Species and Value of Fish Caught in British Columbia, 1957 to 1961, Inclusive 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Salmon $44,903,000 6,290,000 5,616,000 1,141,000 552,000 579,000 329,000 912,000 391,000 375,000 219,000 1,782,000 $75,800,000 8,990,000 6,690,000 1,264,000 564,000 752,000 321,000 780,000 181,000 259,000 151,000 2,472,000 $45,140,000 8,843,000 6,236,000 1,376,000 510,000 630,000 471,000 552,000 147,000 310,000 271,000 1,891,000 $35,963,000 3,450,000 6,534,000 1,729,000 593,000 647,000 406,000 795,000 253,000 535,000 126,000 1,228,000 $57,314,000 8,207,000 Halibut . - - 7,099,000 1,511,000 Ling-cod 551,000 487,000 Oysters..... — 480,000 552,000 147,000 324,000 Livers and viscera — Miscellaneous! 122,000 1,092,000 Totals $63,089,000 $98,224,000 $66,377,000 $52,259,000 $77,886,000 i Includes mink-feed and fish products, meal and oil, for which no breakdown into species was available. Source: Canadian Department of Fisheries. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 S 81 Table III.—Statement Showing the Quantity of Herring Products Produced in British Columbia, 1956 to 1962, Inclusive Season Canned Dry-salted Meal Oil Cases Tons Tons Gal. 1956/57 - 11,728 290 32,772 3,602,937 1957/58 18,349 2,645 13,643 1,746,227 1958/59 10,351 43,527 4,545,474 1959/60. 32,559 4,249,801 1960/61... 9,074 31,203 2,966,547 1961/62 19,102 40,746 4,751,082 The above figures are for the season October to March 31st, annually. Table IV.—Statement Showing the Quantity of Meal, Oil, and Vitamin A Produced from Sources Other than Herring, 1955 to 1962, Inclusive From Whales Oil from Fish Livers From Other Sources Season Whalebone and Meal Oil Meal and Fertilizer Oil 1955/56. 1956/57. . . Tons 3,411 2,182 3,446 4,226 4,058 Gal. 759,785 526,584 952,702 908,482 940,455 Units i 4,760,668 2,355,410 3,292,552 1,821,994 3,474,267 2,258,748 3,228,400 Tons 1,993 1,925 1,570 2,318 1,140 2,099 1,157 Gal. 201,690 187,787 1957/58 .. 170,433 1958/59 272,223 1959/60 110,977 1960/61 62,983 1961/62 127,580 i Million U.S.P. units of Vitamin A. S 82 BRITISH COLUMBIA Table V.—British Columbia Salmon Pack, 1957 to 1961, Inclusive, Showing Areas Where Canned (48-pound cases.) These tables supplied by courtesy of the Canadian Department of Fisheries in Vancouver. 1957 Area Species District No. 1 Skeena River Central Area and Queen Charlottes Total 157,207 3,376V4 448 1,923 2,852 3871/2 12,147 112,909 471,895^4 72,330 44,779 480 178 256 2271/2 539 226,466 188V4 228,452 4,045 626 402 1491/2 200 2,581 White spring 3,229 1.126V4 12,147 Coho 43,5031/4 209,8835/2 75,9671/2 24,4981/2 69,829 91,2411/2 180,911 Pink. 751,608 239,539 835,475'/2 375,814 212,975 1,424,2641/2 1957 canned production from 1956 frozen stock not included. 1958 820,3601/2 1,4001/2 2,911 2,373!/2 456 11,1031/4 74,059 98,052 103,6681/2 154.556V4 1,108 2651/2 810 578 522 99,388 111 . 1,074,305 2,619i/2 2651/2 7011/2 290!/2 227 4,422!/2 3,242 1,205 11,1031/i Coho 25,7891/2 257,3011/2 53,939 20,5751/2 96,448 73,029 120,424 Pink 451,8011/4 230,6361/2 Totals 1,114,3841/2 494,870 290,7701/2 1,900,025 1959 189,297 2,4171/2 4,925 4,832 418 10,114 150,756 338,947 75,7091/2 46,827 8241/2 811 527 329 32,215 82,005 36,136 20,0461/2 661/2 5981/2 228 Yi 119V4 20,020 37,644 21,283 256,1701/2 3,3081/2 6,3341/2 5,5871/2 866V2 10,114 Coho 202,991 458,596 Pink 133,128 Vi Totals 777,416 199,6741/2 100,0061/4 1,077,097 1959 canned production from 1958 stock not included. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 Table V S 83 British Columbia Salmon Pack, 1957 to 1961, Inclusive, Showing Areas Where Canned—Continued 1960 Area Species Districts Nos. 1 and 3 District No. 2 ToUl 172,505 1,1131/2 1,436 1,1511/2 339V4 23,345 41,1941/2 52,6891/4 47,081 54,339 4581/2 1,056 700 164V4 226,844 1,572 2,492 1,851 !4 504 23,345 Coho 26,965 166,8741/4 39,737!/2 68,1591/2 Pink .... 219,564 86,8181/2 Totals . 340.8551/,. 1 290.295 631,150V2 1960 canned production from 1959 stock not included. 1961 239,667 1,735 2,678 1,471 587!/2 12,5271/2 153,994 286,5441/2 28,994 158,538 412 1,0221/2 6O21/2 391 398,205 2,147 3,700 !4 2,073V2 978 V4 12,5271/4 Coho 74,8571/2 374,745V2 66,391 228,8511/2 Pink _ 661,290 95,385 Totals. 728,1981/2 676,960 l,405,158!/2 1961 canned production from 1960 stock not included. Chart No. 7. Chart No. 8. Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1963 1,410-163-4758
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REPORT OF THE Department of Recreation and Conservation containing the reports of the FISH AND GAME BRANCH,… British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1963]
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Title | REPORT OF THE Department of Recreation and Conservation containing the reports of the FISH AND GAME BRANCH, PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH, BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU, PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH, AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH Year Ended December 31 1962 |
Alternate Title | DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1962 |
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British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1963] |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
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FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1963_V02_11_S1_S83 |
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Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2018-01-29 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0363974 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
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