PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS HON. R. G. WILLISTON, Minister R. G. McKEE, Deputy Minister of Forests F. S. McKINNON, Chief Forester REPORT of THE FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1961 Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1962 1 v. "i ■ -k ■■ . : . ■■'.;■,■.;.::-' ■ « o a z 3 z ■< n o H •a -a <*-t € 0 £ A ©2 o a « cs __. CS CS J3 &8^ I =1 I 2 §' 1 —' o w >. 5? ■a u » CO Mr •S a 2 8 S Oi 6 S o o " E I BO-1 •o cj 00 cs 60 C CJ I a pi o> 2 to 13 T* O "* 1 2 1f2 a fl & 55 l« a . 0.0 •a 2 "E 5 M '3 JS e -§1 u u o ■a s ta . g § 1 a I a as 3 C S "3 J5 cs o - o o .a. >-.p ^ C c- CN J3 -S cj d CD o . cj .S3 *H C pj cj CJ S cj -28 »| 6 Ph H O VD 5 <-l jj M^ •° 3 ■- -2 3 «- 1 2Q^ 2 > E cs vo K CT\ CJ E *o ,£> CS CS TJ i C/3 O tu — u ■•li 2, .J'ilft i -a cs 5 cj GO 5 «£ O >y O f- cS N2 fr E S^S B-© g o o J E © O u » -O 3 0^°. •ph iL r*~ ffl 60 0 O <-h Victoria, B.C., March, 1962. To Major-General the Honourable George Randolph Pearkes, V.C., P.C., C.B., D.S.O, M.C., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Forest Service of the Department of Lands and Forests for the calendar year 1961. R. G. WILLISTON, Minister of Lands and Forests. The Honourable R. G. Williston, Minister of Lands and Forests, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—There is submitted herewith the Annual Report on activities of the Forest Service during the calendar year 1961. R. G. McKEE, Deputy Minister of Forests. CONTENTS Item 1. Chief Forester's Summary Page . 11 2. Forest Surveys and Inventory 17 Introduction 17 Field Programme 17 Forest Classification and Sampling 17 Growth 17 Loss-factor Project 17 Special Projects 18 Office Programme 18 Forest Mapping 18 Area and Volume Summaries 18 Growth 19 Volume-table and Loss-factor Projects 19 Photo Mensuration 19 3. Forest Research 21 Experiment Stations 21 Field Programme 21 Tabulation of Active Research Projects, 1961 22 Research Publications, 1961 23 4. Reforestation Forest Nurseries. 24 24 Seed and Extraction 26 Reconnaissance and Survey Work 27 Planting 27 Plantation Improvement and Maintenance 27 Preparation of Planting-sites 27 Permanent Improvements 28 Co-operation 28 Interdepartmental Rehabilitation and Forestry Programme 28 Working Plans 29 Introduction 29 Public Sustained-yield Units 29 Tree-farm Licences 30 Tree-farm Lands.___ 30 Farm Wood-lot Licences 30 7 8 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Item Page 6. Public Information and Education 31 Communication Media 31 Photography and Motion-picture Production 31 Film Library 32 Publications and Printing 32 Radio and Television 33 Press and Periodicals 34 Commercial Theatres 34 Signs and Exhibits 34 School Lecture Programme 35 Library 35 Co-operation and Special Projects 36 7. Forest Management 37 General 37 Administration of Managed Units 39 Market Prices and Stumpage Trends 40 Lumber Prices 40 Log Prices 40 Stumpage Prices 41 Sliding-scale Adjustments 41 Stumpage-appraisal Cost Studies 42 Silviculture 42 Scaling 43 8. Grazing . 46 General Conditions 46 Markets and Prices 46 Live-stock Losses 47 Disease of Live Stock 47 Range Management 47 Range Surveys 48 Range Improvements 48 Peace River Pastures 49 Co-operation 49 Administration 50 Legislation 50 Grazing and Hay Permits 51 Grazing and Hay-cutting Fees 51 Live-stock Counts 51 Violations and Prosecutions 51 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 9 Item Page 9. Engineering Services 52 Engineering Section 52 Development Engineering 5 3 Road Location 5 3 Construction 54 General Engineering . 55 Mechanical Section 56 Building Design and Construction 58 Marine Design 59 Forest Museum .. 60 Forest Service Marine Station 60 Marine Work 60 Prefabrication and Carpenter-shop 61 Machine-shop 61 Radio Section 61 10. Forest Protection 64 Weather 64 Fires 65 Occurrence and Causes 65 Cost of Fire-fighting 65 Damage 66 Fire-control Planning and Research 66 Fire Atlas and Statistics Ledgers 66 Visibility Mapping and Lookout Photography 66 Fuel-moisture Sticks 67 Snag-falling Projects 67 Fire-weather Records and Investigations 67 Fire-suppression Crews 67 Aircraft 68 Roads and Trails 69 Slash-disposal and Snag-failing 69 Fire-law Enforcement 70 Forest Closures 70 11. Ranger School 72 Extra Courses 72 Acknowledgments 73 10 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Item Page 12. Personnel 74 General 74 Communications and Training 74 Establishment, Recruitment, and Staff Turnover 75 Classifications, Salaries, and Working Conditions 76 13. Accounting 78 Fiscal 78 Administration 78 14. Personnel Directory, 1962 80 15. Appendix—Tabulated Detailed Statements to Supplement Report of Forest Service 85 REPORT OF THE FOREST SERVICE, 1961 CHIEF FORESTER'S SUMMARY Introduction and Legislation The Forest Service was pleased to be associated with and to assist in the organizing and implementation of the nation-wide "Resources for Tomorrow" Conference held in Montreal, October 23 to 28, 1961, sponsored jointly by the Canadian Government and those of each of the ten Provinces. Both the Chief Forester and the Director of Public Information were chosen to prepare and deliver lead-off papers at the conference, and the latter was also appointed chairman of the British Columbia Information Committee for the conference and secretary of the forty-two-member British Columbia delegation. The Honourable the Minister of Lands and Forests served as chairman of the British Columbia delegation, as well as British Columbia representative on the National Steering Committee for this historic conference. Support of the conference by British Columbia industry, labour, and education was most noteworthy. Early in the coming year, on February 27, 1962, the British Columbia Forest Service will be 50 years old, being on that date in 1912 that the original British Columbia Forest Act received legislative approval. At the end of 1961, plans are under way to mark this historic occasion in the development of forest administration in this Province with appropriate informational displays in the Legislative Buildings and by a series of special occasions to be organized throughout the Province. There were significant amendments to the Forest Act during 1961. Section 17 of the Act was further amended to extend the provisions for sale of timber by sealed tender to include sales in fully committed public sustained-yield units. The amendment also clarified the procedure to be followed for sales in both emergency areas and fully committed public sustained-yield units. A new section, number 17a, was added to the Act to provide for the establishment of pulp wood harvesting areas east of the Cascades. Under the provisions of this section, several public sustained-yield units, established on a sawlog basis, can be combined into one pulpwood harvesting area to provide a source of small wood to encourage the building of a pulp-mill in the locality concerned. The Minister is empowered to hold hearings and invite proposals for the harvesting of pulpwood in such areas. An option to purchase the pulpwood may be granted by the Minister on the basis of an acceptable proposal being made by any party. Amendments to clarify the administration were made in section 33 of the Forest Act, whereby easements may be granted over forest reserves in accordance with section 70 of the Land Act. A royalty rate was established for lodgepole pine, poles, piling, and crib-timber. A very significant amendment was made to section 123, whereby the Minister may enter into agreements for forest-protection services and can provide for payment of forest-protection tax by municipalities. The forest district boundaries were revised by placing a large tract of the Prince George Forest District under the administration of the Prince Rupert Forest District. This change was desirable because of the access now available to the Northern Interior from Atlin and Lower Post. 11 12 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Since 1947 these Annual Reports have carried submissions on forest insect and disease conditions in British Columbia, through the courtesy of the Victoria unit of the Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch of the Federal Government. As a result of the organization of the Canada Department of Forestry, in the fall of 1960, to which the Entomology and Pathology Branch has been transferred from the Department of Agriculture, British Columbia Forest Service Reports will no longer contain these submissions, which will now be found in the Annual Reports of the new Canada Department of Forestry. Surveys and Inventory A programme of intensive management surveys in public sustained-yield units was instituted during the year, assisted financially by the Government of Canada through provisions of the Department of Forestry Act. A total of 6,044 classification sample plots was established in seven public sustained-yield units by five Interior and one Coastal field party. Private agencies provided an additional 480 plots under co-operative agreement. Complete volume records are now available on 1,815 growth-and-yield subplots, and an intensive programme that will consider all aspects of growth and yield got under way during the year. Special projects involving surveys of timber volumes in all timber berths and inspections of Crown-granted timber land and timber licences on Vancouver Island started work in the field. Eight hundred and eighty-five final and interim forest-cover maps were completed, covering twenty-four public sustained-yield units, and 14,506 copies of cover maps were made available to the public on request. A complete revision of the 1955 interim standard cubic-foot volume tables was completed in 1961, and tables for fifteen commercial species have been published. Forest Research New accommodation and sewage facilities were constructed at the Aleza Lake Experiment Station. In addition, several miles of access road were constructed on the station area and 3 acres were cleared for use as a nursery-site. In the field, fire destroyed several years' plantation experiments near Buckhorn Lake. On the credit side, studies on seed production were continued in the Prince George Forest District and some success was attained in broadcast sowing of spruce seed on two areas following hot fires. In the Prince Rupert District a start was made toward a comprehensive study of lodgepole pine regeneration, and in the Kamloops District planting trials continued. In Nelson good progress continued to be made in the study of site preparation and ponderosa pine planting stock. At all four nurseries, work continued on fertilizer plot trials. Reforestation Burlap bales, formerly used for shipping seedlings, have been replaced by multi-walled freight-shipping bags. The use of pre-emergence aromatic oil sprays on nursery seed-beds has reduced cost of weeding by one-third. Mechanical soil- spreaders designed by the nursery staff and now in general use do a more uniform job of spreading than can be done by hand. A total of 8,000,000 trees was distributed during the year. A record total of 2,732 seed-beds was sown, so that nurseries now hold a stock of 21,800,000 seedlings of various age-classes. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 13 What at first appeared to be a good cone-crop deteriorated rapidly, and only a limited collection of 1,237 bushels was made. Quality of the extracted seed is not expected to be high. Good response was again secured on seed-production areas which had been fertilized the previous year to stimulate cone production. A total of 20,681 acres was planted by all agencies in the Province. Working Plans Six new public sustained-yield units were established during the year, contracts were signed for two tree-farm licences awarded in 1960, and one Taxation Act tree-farm was certified. Thus, at the end of 1961, there are in operation seventy-eight public sustained-yield units, thirty-nine tree-farm licences, thirty-five Taxation Act tree-farms of which twenty-two are managed as separate entities and not as part of tree-farm licences, and fifty farm wood-lot licences. The total area now under working plans amounts to over 53,778,000 acres of productive forest, with a total allowable annual cut of 860,000,000 cubic feet, equivalent to 74 per cent of the 1961 Provincial scale. Public Information and Education It became possible during this year to establish, for the first time, specially trained information personnel at the district level in order to assist the field staff in their public communication activities. It is expected that a certain amount of decentralization of information and education work will be of distinct advantage in the future. A new 16-mm. colour, sound motion-picture production, "The High-ball Logger," dealing with the need for timber-sale operators to follow approved logging plans, was completed and released for circulation primarily to industry and its associations. Over 140,000 persons saw films circulated through the facilities of the motion- picture library, and Service-produced films were shown on various television outlets, as was a considerable footage of a special nature provided by the Division. A reissue of 83,000 copies of the school scribbler series was produced, including a new cover design featuring " Bertie Beaver " as a symbol of fire prevention and good forest management. The Forest Service calendar, an annual item since 1922, was discontinued during the year, as was the regular summer-season issuance of forest-protection bulletins for industry. The radio, television, and commercial theatre forest-protection publicity campaigns continued as in the past, as did the Service's school lecture programme. Forest Management Despite a reduction of 2.8 per cent in the total scale, the estimated value of forest production showed an increase of $3,557,000 over the revised 1960 figure, reaching a new record high of $774,870,000. Although the value of lumber production declined by $21,600,000 from the 1960 high, pulp and paper production showed an increase of $15,475,000. Lumber represented 46 per cent of the total value, followed by pulp and paper (33 per cent) and plywood (10 per cent). The balance was accounted for by minor product values. Douglas fir continued as the principal species cut, with 30 per cent of the total scale, followed by hemlock (22 per cent), spruce (17 per cent), and cedar (13 per cent). Hemlock retained its leading position on the Coast, while in the Interior, Douglas fir and spruce respectively were the leading species. 14 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Water-borne shipments were up 6.8 per cent over 1960, the most remarkable increase being in shipments to Japan, which rose from 1,607,000 board-feet in 1960 to 155,550,000 in 1961. World lumber prices declined. Shipments to the sterling area, which comprise 70 per cent of water shipments from the Province, dropped by 24 per cent. Eighty-three per cent of the total scale of forest production came from Crown land tenures, but only 64 per cent came from tenure on which stumpage is collected. The seventy-eight public managed units accounted for 39 per cent of the Provincial scale, while 24 per cent came from tree-farm licences. The 6,569 active timber sales in existence at the close of the year comprised a total area of 3,651,000 acres. Ninety-two per cent of the 1,857 sales made during the year were non-competitive, and these accounted for 91 per cent of the total volume sold. One hundred and ten million cubic feet of fire-damaged timber was offered for sale at salvage stumpage rates. Although the prices paid for Douglas fir logs on the Lower Coast showed a moderate increase during the year, log and lumber prices continued at a low level. A new system of stumpage adjustment based on changes in marketing prices was prepared and presented to the industry for consideration and comment. Silvicultural activity on 648 timber sales resulted in 132,769 acres being treated for stand improvement. Ground scarification was carried out on an additional 4,120 acres. Grazing As a result of favourable weather during the winter of 1960/61 and fair supplies of hay, the ranching industry enjoyed a generally satisfactory year during 1961. Weighted average cattle prices for the year were $18.29 per hundredweight, up more than $1 over the previous year. Live-stock losses due to poisonous weeds were lower than average, but the control of Vibriosis, a reproductive disease of cattle, continued to be a troublesome problem from the range administration standpoint. An adequate level of range management is not being achieved, primarily because of lack of Forest Service range supervisory personnel and an apparent lack of understanding of management requirements on the part of large segments of the industry. The impact of multiple land use in the range country is also making it difficult to maintain a proper level of management, and a co-ordinated land-use study is now urgently required. A total of 213,600 acres was covered by range surveys, and some $46,000 was expended on range improvements. This programme included the sowing of 36,200 pounds of grass and legume seed on burned and logged-over areas. Special pasture- development work was again carried out in the Peace River District. Engineering Services Assisted under the provisions of the Federal-Provincial cost-sharing agreement for forest roads, 425 miles of development road routes were reconnoitred, 305 miles located, and 179 miles constructed during the year. In addition, 348 miles of previously constructed haul-road received routine maintenance and repair. Engineering field crews assisted district staffs during the height of the fire season by flagging out some 68 miles of protection and fire access road. The bridge-construction programme kept pace with road production, with six permanent timber bridges and nine bridges of local material being erected. Designs REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 15 were completed for pressure-creosoted glue-laminated girder-type bridges for six new sites, and preliminary designs and estimates were made for bridges in eleven additional locations. Building design and construction work continued at a high level of activity. In the marine section, the new Ranger vessel, " Hecate Ranger," was completed to the deck-line and evaluation tests continued on the jet-propulsion principle for Service use. Sorely needed expansion of the Service radio network continued during the year, with 231 new units being added. Forest Protection The 1961 fire season was one of the three worst on record. A total of 3,102 fires was reported (excluding railway-tie fires), which exceeded the 1958 total of 3,058 fires, exclusive of the railway category. Forest Service fire-fighting costs as at the end of the year were $4,395,000, which raises the annual cost of fire-fighting between 1958 and 1961 to $3,647,000. Under the new, modified statistical system wherein railway-tie fires are excluded from the forest-fire category, the greatest single cause of fire in 1961 was lightning (46 per cent), followed by smokers (10.8 per cent), miscellaneous known causes (9.3 per cent), recreationists (8.7 per cent), and other lesser causes. Again in 1961, as in 1958 and 1960, aircraft of all types were very active in protection and suppression work. Fixed-wing aircraft flew a total of 4,327 hours on fire-fighting duties, of which 1,067 hours were on water-bombing operations. Helicopters continued to play a vital role in reconnaissance and transport work, logging a total of 3,206 hours. The lack of available aircraft on stand-by again added to the difficulty and costs of suppression activity. In the never-ending struggle to improve access on the ground, over 338 miles of protection roads and trails were constructed during the year and 2,398 miles were maintained. As part of the hazard-reduction programme, snag-falling contracts were awarded over an area of 11,748 acres, with an increasing amount of this work being done on a cost-sharing basis with industry. Fire-danger tables developed by the Research Branch of the Canada Department of Forestry were distributed and tested in all forest districts, and preliminary indications are favourable. Ranger School The twelfth class, consisting of twenty enrollees, will complete its nine months of study in April, 1962. Consideration is being given to the revision of the Ranger School training procedures in order to keep them in line with Service requirements. If these proposals are accepted, they will be implemented in September, 1962. Personnel The permanent Civil Service establishment of the Forest Service increased by two positions during the year to a total of 846 positions. Eighty-two employees received permanent appointments and seventy-four left the Service during 1961, including eight graduate foresters and one engineer. Including permanent and full-time casual employees, Forest Service staff turnover averaged 11.9 per cent, down slightly from the previous year. Prince Rupert District showed the highest turnover rate of 24.1 per cent, and Kamloops District 16 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS the lowest with 13.9 per cent. Over-all professional staff turnover for the Service stood at 5 per cent, down slightly from 1960, but technical staff turnover continued to rise from 4.8 per cent in 1960 to 5.3 per cent this year. More than 80 per cent of staff turnover was limited to female employees. Over 700 written applications for employment were received during the year. This is a new record and is 16 per cent higher than the number received in 1960, The safety and accident-prevention programme gained momentum during the year with the appointment of a Safety Co-ordinating Committee to assist the various district and division committees, and the systematic coding and review of all cases. Accounting Reflecting the drop of 2.8 per cent in the volume of timber scaled from the 1960 record, total charges against logging operators declined by 12.2 per cent, to $28,820,442. Direct Forest Service revenue collected during 1961 totalled $28,930,072, or 5.2 per cent down from 1960. The Forest Service became responsible during the year for the safekeeping and control of " Receipt and Agreement" documents by operators and their banks relative to timber-sale deposit requirements. Previously, this responsibility had rested with the Department of Finance. F. S. McKinnon, Chief Forester. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 17 FOREST SURVEYS AND INVENTORY INTRODUCTION In 1961 the Division embarked upon a programme of intensive management surveys in public sustained-yield units. As in the former forest inventory maintenance programme, financial assistance was extended by the Government of Canada according to the agreement for forest inventory implemented under the Department of Forestry Act* The seven public sustained-yield units that received field coverage during the year were: Westlake (Prince George Forest District), Narcosli (Prince George Forest District), Smithers (Prince Rupert Forest District), Kitwanga (Prince Rupert Forest District), Nicola (Kamloops Forest District), Seymour (Vancouver Forest District), and Windermere (Nelson Forest District). FIELD PROGRAMME Forest Classification and Sampling Five Interior and one Coastal field party classified and sampled seven public sustained-yield units in 1961. A total of 6,044 sample plots was established in these areas. In addition, 480 sample plots were provided by private agencies under cooperative agreements. One Bell 47 G-2 helicopter on a four-month charter and another on a two- month contract were used to gather field data and transport crews to the more inaccessible work areas. Approximately 630 hours of helicopter flying were required to complete forest classification and sampling assignments. The efficient co-ordination of launch and helicopter was essential for the relatively isolated Seymour Sustained-yield Unit project. The use of a 60-foot barge as a helicopter landing-site was very successful and saved many hours of ferry time. Growth Permanent Growth-and-yield Plots During the year six experimental plots comprising ninety-six sub-plots were remeasured. All existing experimental plots in the Province, excepting four in the Kitimat area, now have at least one remeasurement. Complete volume records are available on these 1,815 sub-plots. Future remeasurements are planned only on those plots which meet existing standards and which are situated within public sustained-yield units or on vacant Crown land. An intensive programme that will consider all aspects of growth and yield, based on permanent plots, is now under way. Systems of permanent growth plots in each public sustained-yield unit or groups of units are being planned. A start was made this year when several J/s-acre circular plots were established in the Nicola and Narcosli Sustained-yield Units. General discussions of growth-and-yield programmes were held with private agencies. In several cases this liaison led to the adoption of a uniform programme and the mutual exchange of information. Loss-factor Project Decay studies were carried out in four areas in the Interior during 1961. The studies initiated in 1960 in the Kamloops Forest District were continued, with sam- * Formerly Canada Forestry Act. 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS pie plots being established in the vicinity of Marshall Lake in the Lillooet district and at McKinley Lake in the Horsefly area. In these two areas a total of 530 trees was measured. A study of decay in decadent hemlock stands in the Kitwanga and Hazelton areas was initiated, with a total of 1,600 trees measured. The objectives of these studies are: (1) To detennine the extent of decay and related losses in forest stands and to study the factors influencing the incidence and extent of decay; (2) to determine the external signs of decay and assess their value as aids to cruising; and (3) to identify and determine the fungi of major importance. These studies are being continued. Special Projects Timber Berths A systematic survey of all timber berths was initiated in 1961 to determine the volume of timber remaining on each berth. This work will continue during 1962, and it is estimated that a total of five years will be required to complete the investigation. Taxation Cruises Early in the year the Division was requested to conduct a number of inspections of Crown-granted timber land and timber licences on Vancouver Island for the purposes of real-property assessment and taxation. A four-man cruising party was in the field for approximately four months and reported on areas on both the west and east coasts of Vancouver Island. It is expected that these investigations will continue during 1962. OFFICE PROGRAMME Forest Mapping A total of 885 final and interim forest-cover maps, covering 20,000,000 acres, was completed for the following twenty-four public sustained-yield units: Babine, Barkley, Big Valley, Bowron, Carp, Chilliwack, Cottonwood, Creston, Crooked, Kyuquot, Lac la Hache, Longworth, Morice, Naver, Narcosli, Purden Lake, Quesnel Lake, Robson, Sayward, Seymour, Spallumcheen, Stuart, Westlake, and Willow River. Three of these units—namely, Narcosli, Seymour, and Westlake—were part of the 1961 field projects. During the year 14,506 maps were distributed in response to requests received from various public and private agencies. Area and Volume Summaries Thirty-two requests were received requiring statistical summaries, to be used mainly for management planning, and access-road development. They involved a total area of 45,000,000 acres and a net timber volume exceeding 68,000,000,000 cubic feet. Planimetry of 20-chains-to-l-inch maps alone exceeded 10,000,000 acres. In addition, over 1,000 map-area statements involving 20,000,000 acres were printed, resulting in complete area coverage on fourteen public sustained-yield units. Considerable use was made of the pool I.B.M. 650 computer on volume-table and sample compilation work. Over 2,000,000 cards went through the computer on this phase of the work. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 19 Growth Empirical Growth Estimates Net mean annual increments were calculated for major growth types in the Burns Lake, Creston, and Hecate Sustained-yield Units. Similar information is now available on thirty-one units. In addition, revisions were completed for the Babine and Sechelt units incorporating 1959 samples. During the year thirty-six requests for growth information were received and processed. Site Curves Differences in mean annual increment calculations from experimental plots and inventory samples resulted in the preparation of revised western hemlock site curves for the south Coast (Zone 2). Separate site curves now exist for pure hemlock stands and hemlock mixtures. Volume-table and Loss-factor Projects A complete revision of the 1955 interim standard cubic-foot volume tables was completed in 1961. A total of 34,000 tree measurements of all species was processed, from which 29,600 measurements were used to construct the final volume tables. Tables for fifteen commercial tree species have been published in 2-inch/ 10-foot and 1-inch/ 1-foot versions (sample, Table 1). Concurrently with the volume-table project, a complete revision of the 1957 loss factors was accomplished. This involved the processing and analysis of some 30,000 tree measurements. Loss factors have been produced for fifteen tree species for application to five diameter limits and three classes of pathological condition. The factors are available in the form of net-volume factors with allowances for decay, other defect, as well as breakage and utilization losses incurred under average logging conditions. During the year, taper curves were completed for all Coast and Interior coniferous tree species and are now available for distribution. Photo Mensuration Aerial photo-volume sampling was completed for the Narcosli Sustained-yield Unit. In this unit, photo-volume estimates were confined to forest types which were predominantly lodgepole pine or deciduous by volume, since the remainder of the forest types was too small in area to permit a reliable volume estimate using this technique. Thirty-four double photo-ground samples were established and were used to produce local aerial photo stand volume tables for the unit. These volume tables were in turn used to estimate the volume for an additional 264 mature single photo samples. Similar work was started on the Nechako Sustained-yield Unit in preparation for the 1962 field project. Further tests with 70-mm. low-elevation photography from helicopters were completed. A 100-foot square measured on the ground and on the photographs resulted in an error of area of —4.76 per cent. Five areas were photographed, and 134 trees ranging from 30 to 190 feet were measured for height on the ground and on the photographs. The average error for the photo measurements was ±7.5 feet. A total of 144 trees was assessed on the photographs for species identification, of which eight were incorrectly identified. 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Be uding deriv 1 per T» T" «eo«-*io .2 o g o Cj O r r 0) © CO CO O* « «t i> t- ■* t- O* CD eo" H OS Ht-H T" T" OJ N « TfH T 3 J< 3 Q rt ST m 00 ID t-10 10 «•* eo co b- © oi io oo" ei fc-* 01 CO •#' r-J *i ta XI — i- rt OJ CJ CO •■*•: C C.t; eo 03 ■-" B C o c j ma «r 01 05 0] ©CO© deg «t" co 6 •*'COCO HHfl Oo°So 3.B " E u S7 +- C 3 o 10 tD04« OS Or* CO 10 l> WOJCOCJt- CO CM ©■* Coastal n ume of en sd by mea mated vol 0.30 per d*" cj co'io the Ivol tain. esti nee: oj t», ia ^ co SSSoS ~ o ^ « Odrififfl T3 *3 « t >c «* Wb-rt a collect le shows e volum dard err regate d 6©'©'rt Dat Tab Tab! Stan Agg OJ «f CC xo OJ -*<©aO© O) -* © 00 © CJ ^©00 © CJ ^ ©00 © OJ ■* © CO © r4 rH »H rH tH M OJ OJ OJ OJ CO CO CO CO CO ^ "«*t ■*'*'* IO 13 IO IO IO © REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 21 FOREST RESEARCH Details of the research programme may be found in the Forest Research Review covering the year ended March, 1961. EXPERIMENT STATIONS At the Aleza Lake Experiment Station, an eight-man camp was constructed and a sewage-disposal system installed for the combined use of the Ranger station and the new camp. One mile of new road was constructed and 3 miles of road location finalized. Three and one-half miles of winter road were constructed on the west boundary of the station. Three acres of the new nursery-site were cleared, fenced, and made ready for seeding in 1962. Two timber sales were completed during the year in the Long-term Selection and the Clear-cut Working Circles. Two others are still active, one in each working circle. The Cowichan Lake Experiment Station was maintained during the year. The major effort was directed to clearing additional acreage for planting of experimental trees. FIELD PROGRAMME It is disappointing to record that fire destroyed several years' plantation experiments at Buckhorn Lake, near Prince George. Elsewhere in the district, studies on seed production were continued. Some success was attained from broadcast sowing of spruce seed on two areas following hot fires. On a third area, only lightly burned, broadcast seeding was a failure. In the Prince Rupert Forest District, a comprehensive study was initiated dealing with regeneration of a lodgepole pine stand. It will be several years before any results are available. In the Kamloops Forest District, planting trials were continued in co-operation with S. M. Simpson Limited, of Kelowna. Large transplant stock was found to give better survival than either small transplant stock or seedling stock, all other conditions being equal. The seeding of grass on burned-over forest land was not found to have any adverse effect on the germination and survival of Douglas fir during the first year, but more comprehensive studies will be required to determine some of the more variable aspects of the problem. The study on grass and tree seeding produced valuable information on direct seeding of Douglas fir. A problem analysis on regeneration conditions in Douglas fir cut-over showed a complex of factors to be responsible for the poor stocking on some areas. These factors will require further investigation. A preliminary reconnaissance was made of cut-over cedar-hemlock forests of the Arrow Lakes, in the Nelson Forest District, with the view to further investigations of seed dissemination of these species. Good progress continued to be made in the study of site preparation and planting stock in ponderosa pine plantation trials. The advantages of large planting stock were convincingly demonstrated. Ecological investigations in the Interior were continued with site-type investigations in the Kettle Valley and East Kootenay regions. A classification for Christmas-tree sites was made for the Kamloops region. At all nurseries, work has been continued on fertilizer plot trials. At Duncan nursery, emphasis has been on .form, and rime of application of nitrogen to first-year 22 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS stock. At the East Kootenay nursery, soil acidification has also been attempted experimentally. Partial soil sterilants have shown promising results in plots at Quinsam and Duncan. In the laboratory, 250 soil samples have been analysed in detail and less complete analysis carried out on a further 200. An experimental soil survey was undertaken at different localities on Vancouver Island to determine improved methods of soil evaluation in relation to tree growth. On the west coast, seed-dispersal studies were curtailed due to lack of seed, and efforts were concentrated on maintaining weather records and preparing for the anticipated 1961/62 crop. The seedling-survival study was continued and indicated that approximately 60 per cent of the 1-year-old seedlings had survived during their second year. Species and spacing trial plots were established at several points in readiness for planting during the spring of 1962. A preliminary investigation of the problem of brush in relation to plantation-sites is being carried out. A study was initiated on the use of different types of Douglas fir planting stock, including so-called " cull " stock. A set of minimum standards of acceptable planting stock was proposed. Field trials of different types of stock will be planted out to prove the validity of the proposed standards. A number of thinning plots were remeasured, and all are being maintained according to schedule. The tree-breeding programme continues to concentrate on the selection of " plus " trees. One hundred and thirty-five " plus " and " almost plus " Douglas fir have been selected to date from different areas on Vancouver Island and the Mainland. The first outplantings of progeny from selected trees have been made. A phenological survey of pollen-release time in Douglas fir on Vancouver Island was conducted to investigate its possible application to climatic zonation. Wind direction and pollen transfer were studied at three potential seed-orchard sites on Vancouver Island. A preliminary investigation was made concerning the influence of weather upon seed maturity in Douglas fir on Vancouver Island. Research continued on studies concerning the effect of climatic factors upon various altitudinal provenances of Douglas fir. The species trial plots at Ucluelet were remeasured. Tabulation of Active Research Projects, 1961 Experimental Project No. Region 226 274 368 428 429 433 442 458 460 463 468 474 478 479 480 482 483 502 505 512 Cone production in immature stands of Douglas Hr_ Cone production in mature stands of Douglas fir The adaptability of tree species to forest sites Plantation trials Mixed-species spacing trial- Growth and inventory plots, Aleza Lake- Planting trials- Seed production and dispersal under various stand conditions in the spruce- alpine fir type ._ Seed production of conifers in relation to climate Seed-fall and regeneration study Cone-crop studies.. Inbreeding experiments with Douglas fir Phenotypic selection in open-grown Douglas fir " Plus " tree selection for Douglas fir seed orchards.. Co-operative seed provenance study of Douglas fir Climate and the altitudinal distribution of conifers . Record of plantations of exotic species throughout British Columbia . Plantation trials . Planting of white spruce throughout the growing season- Seeding and planting trials Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Vancouver Island. Prince George. Prince George. Prince George. Prince George. Nelson. Kamloops. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Prince George. Nelson. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 Tabulation of Active Research Projects, 1961— Continued 23 Experimental Project No. Title Region 513 520 524 525 528 529 531 534 537 538 541 543 546 547 550 551 552 553 555 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 576 577 579 580 581 582 584 Planting of exotic conifers for future hybridization. Experimental seeding of spruce Regeneration on scarified areas I Swamp regeneration project- Influence of time on the effectiveness of scarified seed-beds in spruce-alpine fir.. Regeneration problems in decadent cedar-hemlock stands Anatomical characteristics of selected trees . Spacing trial of Douglas fir - Spacing trials of white spruce- Seed dissemination and the influence of weather conditions- Natural nurseries — An ecological classification of stands for Christmas-tree production- Test of fertilizers on nursery stock- Test of secondary fertilizers on nursery stock.. A study of methods of planting ponderosa pine (1959).. A study of methods of planting ponderosa pine (1960).. Planting trials with ponderosa pine (1960) Ecological investigations of Montane forest region- Germination and survival of western hemlock and associated species.. A study of methods of planting ponderosa pine (1961) — Continuous spring sowing of Douglas fir- Major element trials, East Kootenay nursery Shading and covering of spruce-seed beds, Chilliwack nursery.. A study of seed-bed density, Duncan nursery Modification of soil pH, East Kootenay nursery _ Soil sterilization, Quinsam nursery — A study of compatibility of tree and grass seeding Nitrogen fertilization of Douglas fir A problem analysis on direct seeding Spacing trials, Sitka spruce- Species and spacing trial, west coast... Planting trials with ponderosa pine (1961) Planting white spruce throughout the growing season (1960).. Soil classification Problem analysis, lodgepole pine in South-east British Columbia- Problem analysis on planting-stock standards... Site preparation to induce restocking of lodgepole pine sites.. Co-operative planting study of Douglas fir cull stock Planting study of cold storage 2+0 Douglas fir stock- A problem analysis of regeneration conditions in cut-over Douglas fir stands- Plus 17 thinning plots Vancouver Island. Prince George. Prince George. Nelson. Prince George. Kamloops. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Prince Rupert. Nelson. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Kamloops. Nelson. Nelson. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Vancouver Island. Nelson. Vancouver. Vancouver Island. Nelson. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Nelson. Prince Rupert. Vancouver Island. Nelson. Vancouver Island. Nelson. Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island. Kamloops. Vancouver Island. RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS, 1961 Forest Research Review for the year ended March, 1961. Unpublished Manuscript Reports Arlidge, J. W. C. (1961): An Ecological Classification of Stands for Christmas-tree Production (E.P. 543). Clark, M. B. (1961): Report on Regeneration Conditions in Cut-over Lodgepole Pine Stands (E.P. 559). (1961): Regeneration Study in Interior Spruce Types. (1961): Seed Dispersal of Douglas Fir in Dry Belt Cariboo Types (E.P. 487). Ebell, L. E., and Schmidt, R. L. (1961): The Influence of Meteorological Factors upon Dispersion of Coniferous Pollen on Vancouver Island. Manuscript being submitted for publication. Illingworth, K. (1961): Lodgepole Pine in South-east British Columbia—a problem analysis (E.P. 580). Prochnau, A. E. (1961): Direct Seeding of White Spruce, Alpine Fir, Douglas Fir and Lodgepole Pine in the Central Interior of B.C. (E.P. 387). 24 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS REFORESTATION FOREST NURSERIES Weather conditions at the Coast followed the usual pattern of a mild, wet winter and a warm, dry summer. Rainfall for the year was considerably above average, chiefly due to the heavy precipitation during the first three months of the year. Nursery production is always somewhat influenced by weather conditions, and 1961 was no exception. Heavy rains early in the year caused severe flooding for several days at the Duncan nursery and drainage problems at both Green Timbers and Campbell River nurseries. Consequently, some winter losses occurred at all three sites. Although the winter as a whole seemed mild, sufficient frost was experienced at the Chilliwack nursery to cause serious frost-heaving, particularly in the spruce-beds. Showery weather and wet soil in the spring so delayed nursery operations that sowing was not completed until June 5th. Nevertheless, a record total of 2,732 seed-beds was sown, including forty-two experimental beds at Hixon and Telkwa. A prolonged period of drought during the growing season necessitated heavier than normal watering for seedlings of all age-classes. Forest Nursery Stocks as at December 31, 1961 Stock Total 1-0 2-0 2-1 3-0 3,244,000 5,202,000 6,096,000 926,000 653,000 191,000 14,000 1,727,000 1,356,000 1,494,000 221,000 132,000 46r000 234^00 158,000 2,000 6,000 4,971,000 6,598,000 112,000 7,590,000 1,493,000 943,000 193,000 3,000 23,000 Total seedlings.— 16,326,000 4,933,000 440,000 112,000 21,811,000 Nursery Stock Distributed, 1961 Stock 1-0 2-0 2-1 3-0 30,000 52,000 2,766,000 1,914,000 2,785,000 113,000 180,000 12,000 27,000 24,000 97,000 2,863,000 2,124,000 2,837,000 125,000 27,000 24,000 82,000 7,578,000 243,000 97,000 8,000,000 Note.—1-0, 2-0, 3-0 indicates either 1-, 2-, or 3-year-old non-transplanted stock; two years in seed-beds and one year in transplant-beds. 2-1 indicates stock grown An innovation in nursery technique has been the replacement of burlap bales by multi-walled freight shipping-bags. The trees arrive at the planting-site in better condition, particularly if they have been held in cold storage for any length of time. The cost of bags and packing compares favourably with baling, and since the bags are lighter and easier to handle than bales, freight and handling costs are reduced. illllllllliill "I ttmi ii m\ Soil-spreader developed by nursery staff and now in general use. Old-style burlap bales and new multi-walled bags now used for storing and shipping seedlings. 26 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS A second innovation in nursery procedure has been the application to the seedbeds of a pre-emergence spray of Shell Agricultural Weedkiller No. 1 Special, just as the seed is beginning to sprout beneath the covering soil. This treatment reduces the cost of first-year weeding by about one-third compared to the previous practice of burning off after sowing. Due to continuing wet weather in the late autumn, it was not possible to sow all the beds planned for the production of one-year autumn-sown Douglas fir seedlings. However, the scheduled number of autumn-sown Sitka spruce and raised hemlock beds was sown. The autumn sowing of western hemlock in raised seedbeds, which provide the best possible drainage, permits this species to germinate very early and acquire sufficient root growth to prevent most of the frost-heaving so devastating in normal seed-beds. This technique is also being given widespread trial for the production of both Sitka and the Interior spruces. There has been a noticeable improvement in the over-all quality of the Douglas fir seedling planting stock being produced. This improvement can certainly be attributed, to a large extent, to the soil-testing facilities of the Research Division laboratory and the endeavours of a research forester working full time on nursery- fertility problems. Mechanization of nursery work has been furthered by the acquisition of two new soil-spreaders and a soil-screener for screening covering soil. SEED AND EXTRACTION The cone-crop looked fairly promising throughout the Province in the spring, but deteriorated steadily as the summer progressed. This deterioration was so pronounced and the proportion of insect-infested cones so high by collection-time that plans to harvest Coastal Douglas fir cones were abandoned. The only collections made in the Vancouver Forest District were 269 bushels of cones from two seed-production areas. This was done to recheck the level of fertilizer treatment necessary to stimulate cone production. An eightfold response in bushels of cones per acre and a tenfold increase in the yield of seed over the unfertilized control plot resulted from the lowest level—namely, 200 pounds of nitrogen per acre applied before the middle of May. A third plot on a deep sand in the Chilliwack Valley produced no response, possibly because time of application may not have been correct. Results to date with seed-production areas have been so successful that plans are being made to establish several more areas. Apart from the fact that the seed is of higher quality, the cones are cheaper and easier to collect and the yield higher than from wild cones. The only species bearing a collectable cone-crop in the Prince Rupert District was Sitka spruce; collections in the Bella Coola area totalled 114 bushels. In the Kamloops District, 233 bushels of Douglas fir and 278 bushels of spruce were collected. In the Nelson District, 146 bushels of Douglas fir, 126 bushels of spruce, and 41 bushels of larch were collected. The Prince George District yielded 17 bushels of Douglas fir and 12 bushels of spruce. Total collections for the Province amounted to 1,237 bushels. Considerable difficulty was experienced due to the prevalence of fires and the fact that the prolonged drought caused cones to open before the seed was properly mature. Preliminary indications are that the quality of seed collected this year will not be high. Extraction of cones has been completed in the plant at Duncan, but cleaning and testing are still in progress. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 27 RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEY WORK Detailed surveys were made and maps prepared for seven areas which require planting. A total of 8,100 acres was examined, 3,400 in the Chilliwack Public Sustained-yield Unit and 4,700 in the Yale Public Sustained-yield Unit. A reconnaissance type of examination was made of five areas totalling 1,000 acres in the Nootka Sound region of the Kyuquot Public Sustained-yield Unit, where plans are under way to plant one of these immediately. Several areas in the Granby Public Sustained-yield Unit were reconnoitered, subsequently surveyed, and plans are in progress to plant about 500 acres in that unit. PLANTING A small crew commenced planting in the Campbell River area on February 7th, but, as in the past, snow and frozen ground proved to be a considerable hindrance, at times forcing work to be discontinued for several weeks. The last of five projects finished on May 6th. In the East Kootenay region, the first of two projects commenced on April 13th. A third project was completed in the Granby Public Sustained-yield Unit, near Grand Forks, on April 22nd. In the Kamloops District, planting commenced on the first project on April 6th. A second project experienced difficulty with frozen ground and was not completed until May 4th. Both of these projects were located in areas burned in 1958. A large experimental planting trial in the Prince George District was completed in the period May 3rd to 19th. In the Interior portion of the Prince Rupert District, planting commenced on the first of four projects on April 27th and the last was completed on May 15th. Planting in both northern districts commenced as soon as ground conditions would permit. Planting on the Coast during the autumn commenced on the first of four projects on October 23rd. After several interruptions due to snow or frozen ground, projects were shut down on December 12th. Autumn planting in the Interior districts was confined to several experimental trials to further check methods of site preparation. Some of these are showing promise of considerably increasing the survival of planted ponderosa pine. The outstanding feature of the year was the evidence of an increasing degree of co-operation among stand treatment, Attorney-General's Department, reforestation crews, and other sections of the Forest Service, not only on planting, but on all phases of the task of artificial regeneration. Total planting for the year by all agencies in the Province amounted to 7,785,000 trees on 20,681 acres (see Table 2 in the Appendix). Plantation Improvement and Maintenance The rampart thinning project was extended by a further 97 acres, bringing the total up to 631 acres. An additional 32 acres were thinned on the East Kootenay nursery reserve. Slashing and other maintenance work were done on 10 miles of plantation roads. Preparation of Planting-sites Snags were felled on 2,050 acres on the Coast and on 675 acres in the Interior districts. These snags were mainly on or adjacent to areas which have been or are to be planted in the very near future. I 28 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Work was continued on two Coastal Douglas fir seed-orchard sites. The first area, comprising 13 acres, has been cleared, grubbed and graded, and is now ready for the planting of root-stock. Rough clearing has been completed on a second area of approximately 8 acres. PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS Drainage was improved on all Coast nurseries. At Duncan, 1,200 feet of 4-inch tile drain was laid. At Green Timbers, considerable ditching was done to prevent seepage and drainage water from reaching the fields. Deep scarification (16 to 18 inches) of the field currently in fallow at Green Timbers has broken up the plough pan and increased the internal drainage considerably. A start was also made here in bringing new land into production. One small field, comprising 1.3 acres, was cleared and cleaned up in readiness for seed-beds. A total of 3,600 yards of soil was hauled into the nurseries to fill in minor hollows in fields, and in one case to modify the texture and pH of the existing soil. New 25- by 50-foot soil-sheds were constructed at Duncan and Campbell River, which permit the screening and laying-in of supplies of covering soil during slack periods in favourable weather. This soil must be very clean and dry to run smoothly and evenly through the new spreading-machines designed by the nursery staff and now in general use. CO-OPERATION The Reforestation Division is playing an active part in Industry-Forest Service co-operation in the Reforestation Sub-committee of the Tree Farm Forestry Committee. This Sub-committee carries on liaison and testing of various classes of nursery stock, methods, etc., in an effort to advance the over-all technique of artificial regeneration in all its aspects. Interdepartmental Rehabilitation and Forestry Programme The Reforestation Division is charged with the technical supervision of the forestry phase of a co-operative programme with the Attorney-General's Department and the Department of Lands and Forests concerned with the rehabilitation of Provincial Gaol inmates and the development and maintenance of the Chilliwack Public Sustained-yield Unit. Inmate crews, under direction of Attorney-General's Department personnel, constructed 7.5 miles of trail, slashed out 9 miles of right-of-way, and maintained 10 miles of main road. These same forestry camp crews cleared 25 acres of deciduous brush in preparation for planting, cleaned brush from established plantations, pruned 10 acres of young natural conifers, and planted 75 acres with Douglas fir seedlings. The nursery phase of this programme is progressing favourably, with inmates doing the work under the supervision of a resident Forest Service nursery assistant. One new field was fenced and worked over and beds prepared for sowing in the early spring. There are now three separate areas suitable for nursery-sites, totalling some 4.5 acres. During the spring, 150 seed-beds were sown and 227,000 seedlings were transplanted. Results with the transplanting programme are so encouraging that this same system is to be tried at the co-operative nursery at the Brannan Lake School for Boys (operated by the Department of Health and Welfare) in addition to the twenty-five seed-beds established there in the spring. Other development work in the Chilliwack nurseries involved hauling in 200 yards of used mushroom compost and installing a gravity irrigation system to the Slesse No. 1 field. This involved the laying of 1,200 feet of IVi-inch polyethylene pipe-line. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 29 WORKING PLANS INTRODUCTION During 1961, six new public sustained-yield units were established and contracts were signed for two tree-farm licences awarded in 1960. One new Taxation Act tree-farm was certified, and one new farm wood-lot was awarded. As a result, there are now in operation seventy-eight public sustained-yield units, thirty-nine tree-farm licences, thirty-five Taxation Act tree-farms, of which twenty-two are managed as separate entities and not as integral parts of tree-farm licences, and fifty farm wood-lot licences. The total area committed under working plans amounts to slightly over 53,778,000 acres of productive forest, with a total allowable annual cut of 860,023,000 cubic feet, equivalent to 74 per cent of the total Provincial scale for 1961. The following table illustrates the progress made during the year in the organization of the various forms of units committed to forest management under working plans for sustained yield:— Progress of Sustained-yield Programme up to 1961 Type of Unit or Tenure Number of Units Productive Area (Acres) Allowable Annual Cut (MC.F.) Public sustained-yield units.. Tree-farm licences Tree-farms (excluding those in tree-farm licences) . Farm wood-lots Totals.. _ _ _ 78 39 22 50 46,203,742 7,017,594 545,164 11,993 189 53,778,493 514,990 324,241 20,472 320 860,023 Tabular summaries of basic data applicable to the four types of management units are included in Appendix Tables 60 to 63. PUBLIC SUSTAINED-YIELD UNITS By continuing the establishment of suitable unit boundaries and introducing regulation of the corresponding allowable annual cuts, six new public sustained- yield units added operable areas to the sustained-yield programme. These units were approved to commit to the programme an additional 5,230,516 productive acres, estimated to be capable of sustaining an annual cut of 44,650 M cubic feet. Boundary changes to a further twelve established units brought the total productive acreage of public sustained-yield units to 46,203,742 acres with a total allowable annual cut of 514,990 M cubic feet. New units approved were the Adams, Cranbrook, Fernie, Hazelton, Kinbasket, and Nechako Public Sustained-yield Units. Established units enlarged through boundary changes were the Big Bar, Botanie, Canoe, Dean, Hecate, North Thompson, Queen Charlotte, Sayward, Soo, Spallumcheen, Upper Kootenay, and Yalakom Public Sustained-yield Units. Part 1 of the Report on the Crooked River Public Working Circle, dealing with what has happened since the inception of the unit and being an up-to-date summary of existing conditions, was submitted by the Prince George Forest District. It is considered the pilot plan for public sustained-yield units. These flexible, written plans will provide needed liaison and co-ordination to control, by means of 30 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS periodic revisions, the future efforts of foresters and their crews, to fulfil the various requirements for sustained-yield forestry in each managed unit. Liaison with the five forest districts was expedited by reorganizing the work of the staff so that there would be one forester in the Division who would be continuously associated with the work being done in a forest district. This has enabled the Division to maintain a closer contact with district and headquarters representatives concerned with planning and development; for example, presentation of road- development programmes for public sustained-yield units. TREE-FARM LICENCES Although awarded in the previous year, two contracts were signed in 1961 establishing the Squamish Tree-farm Licence No. 38 and the Haida Tree-farm Licence No. 39. Thus, a total of thirty-nine tree-farm licences was in operation at the end of the year. Three new working plans for three of the larger tree-farm licences showed a reduction of approximately 80,000 acres as a result of a more detailed inventory. The total productive acreage in this classification is now estimated to be 7,017,594 acres, of which 5,592,165 are Crown and 1,425,429 acres are private. The total annual allowable cut under this tenure is estimated to be 324,241 M cubic feet. TREE-FARM LANDS Although one new tree-farm, comprising 32,494 productive acres, was certified in 1961, there are still only thirty-five tree-farms under the Taxation Act due to the incorporation of two tree-farms in a third certified tree-farm. The net increase in this classification was 73,024 productive acres. Thirteen of the thirty-five tree- farms, with a productive acreage totalling 284,515 acres and allowable cuts totalling 12,876 M cubic feet, are managed as portions of tree-farm licences under the tree- farm licence legislation, and these statistics are included in the totals for tree-farm licences. The remaining twenty-two tree-farms commit a further 545,164 productive acres, with a combined allowable annual cut of 20,472 M cubic feet, to the over-all sustained-yield programme. FARM WOOD-LOT LICENCES Two farm wood-lot licences were added and one cancelled during the year, bringing the number in good standing to fifty. The acreage of productive forest land involved in this tenure is 11,993 acres and the allowable annual cut is 320 M cubic feet per annum. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 31 PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION It became possible during the year to establish, for the first time, a District Information Officer in the field. This was accomplished without adding to the total personnel of the Division by transferring a vacated position to the staff of the District Forester, Prince George. The position was filled by a specially trained and qualified member of the Divisional staff on August 1, 1961. The advantages to the Service and public alike by the placing of trained information personnel in the forest districts continue to become more evident as the work of forest administration and the attendant problems of communication grow increasingly complex. The year under review was a busy one for the Division, particularly in press and radio liaison work and in connection with certain large-scale co-operative undertakings with other agencies. In the fields of still photography, printing, and publications, the work volume dropped below the previous year. COMMUNICATION MEDIA Photography and Motion-picture Production During the year, 6,572 photographic prints of varying sizes were produced. This represents a drop of some 30 per cent from 1960, attributable to a reduced number of illustrated press releases being issued by the Division, the elimination of one major illustrated publication, and the commitment of the photographic staff on motion-picture production in the field. Production was further curtailed through a temporary shortage of staff due to hospitalization and a resignation, the latter in the midst of the field season. During the year, 100 rolls of black-and-white film were processed by the laboratory for other divisions of the Forest Service. The photographic staff produced 154 large-format negatives and thirty-seven rolls in black and white, fourteen large-format negatives and nine rolls in colour. Some 1,064 black-and-white negatives (50 per cent of these from Engineering Services Division), 185 colour negatives, and twenty-one 35-mm. slides were added to file. A new 16-mm. colour, sound motion-picture production entitled " The Highball Logger," dealing with the need for timber-sale operators to follow approved logging plans, was completed in the fall of the year and released for circulation. Also during the year, the shooting script for an instructional film for lookout- men was completed by the staff of the Forest Ranger School in co-operation with this Division, and some preliminary location shooting was undertaken. Field work on this subject will continue in the new year. A successful effort was made to obtain 16-mm. stock footage and still photographs on modern Coastal logging operations with the active co-operation of the industry concerned. Black-and-white prints of a wide variety of 16-mm. footage were supplied on request for television by CHAN-TV and CBUT, Vancouver, and used for both local and national transmission. During the latter part of the year, the sorely needed overhaul of the negative- filing facilities got under way. This necessitates the transfer of some 14,000 negatives into new, retyped file envelopes, to be indexed and cross-referenced under the Oxford classification system. A thorough check of all index prints and negatives is continuing at the same time with a view to placing obsolete and duplicate material 32 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS in special storage. To assist in this laborious task, temporary stenographic help was hired. Filmstrips One coloured filmstrip on reforestation techniques was completed. Copies were supplied to all districts, and one copy placed in the film circulation library along with a set of 35-mm. slides on the same subject. Art Work Four large mural photographs were produced for local display, and a new set of large lookout photographs was produced for the permanent display in the British Columbia Building in Vancouver. A large-scale topographic model was made for use in the filming of " The High-ball Logger " to illustrate the results of planned versus unplanned logging. A total of 212 special drawings, sketches, and layouts was produced for use as posters, book covers, and illustrations, and as special material for television programmes Film Library The library started the year with ninety-five subjects available for loan, and during the year two subjects were withdrawn and three new subjects added, to give a year-end total of ninety-six, all of which received circulation. A total of 776 film loans was made during the year for showing to an audience of 140,358 persons, including the school-lecture programme audience. The drop of some 25,000 from the total audience in 1960 is primarily due to the fact only one lecturer instead of the usual two was in the field for several months as a result of a resignation from the staff. These total figures do not include circulation given the seven subjects on permanent loan to British Columbia House, London, England. (See Table 55 in the Appendix for details of film-stock and circulation records.) Four Service-produced films were shown over television station CJDC-TV, Dawson Creek, during the year. Library films were also shown to audiences in Saskatchewan and Ontario, as well as in California and Minnesota in the United States. Four 35-mm. filmstrips and slides produced by the Division and dealing with reforestation, the principle commercial trees of British Columbia, the duties of the lookoutman, and the work of the Forest Ranger were added to the library during the year and are available on loan in the same manner as the motion-picture films. As part of the general safety education programme, the library undertook in- Service circulation of the instructional film " That They May Live," dealing with the mouth-to-mouth resuscitation method. As a result, this was shown to 822 members of the Forest Service in Victoria and throughout the five forest districts. Not counting school-lecture showings, officers of the Division gave a total of twenty-one film programmes during the year. Late in the year, 1,300 copies of a new edition of the library film catalogue were distributed to the public school system in the Province, which resulted in a very marked increase in film-loan requests. Publications and Printing The volume of work in this category was considerably reduced this year as a result of the discontinuance of the Forest Service calendar, an annual item since 1922, and of the forest-protection bulletins as a regular series during the fire season. No Christmas issue of the staff news-letter was produced. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 33 The major printing projects undertaken during the year included the 1960 Annual Report of the Forest Service, the Research Review, as at March, 1961, and a reissue of special school scribblers for distribution through the Ranger staff. A new design featuring " Bertie Beaver " as a symbol of fire prevention and good forest management was added to the scribbler series. Six lay publications were reprinted during the year to keep up with the public demand for forestry information, and supplies of three forest-protection decal transfer designs plus sixteen display-poster designs were reordered and distributed. Two special booklets were produced in connection with a forest-fire research conference and a press tour of the Chilliwack Sustained-yield Unit. Work continued throughout most of the year on the writing of the basic manuscript for a Departmental " Safety Guide." Extensive revisions to B. 28, " Pocket Guide to the Trees and Shrubs of British Columbia," were completed during the year, but lack of funds ruled out the printing of the revised edition. Thirteen new mimeographed items were added to the material distributed throughout the Service in a continuing programme to provide field staffs with up-to- date information on forestry developments and policy. In co-operation with the Canadian Forestry Association (British Columbia Branch), 1,500 copies of Conservation Topic No. 2, " The Forest," were reprinted and distributed by this Division throughout the public school system. Radio and Television Radio In an attempt to hold down costs of the annual forest-protection radio campaign without entirely losing its effectiveness, the standard schedule was reduced some 30 per cent, while the number of special hazard broadcasts available to the districts was increased by a like percentage. This resulted in a general contract consisting of eighteen standard fifteen-second " flashes," ten standard one-minute " spots," plus twenty special hazard " flashes" available over each station as required. Twenty-six stations carried the campaign, which in total consisted of 254 " spots " and 755 standard and specialized " flashes." All material was written by the Division. Due to its flexibility, accessibility, and speed, radio is unquestionably one of the most efficient media available to the Service, particularly during periods of extreme fire-hazard. The stations themselves continue, year after year, to offer the most complete and generous service, far beyond that purchased by the commercial contract. Between June 19th and September 30th, Divisional officers had the opportunity to broadcast daily, six days a week, one-minute fire-protection messages over station CKDA, Victoria. A total of ninety-five of these broadcasts was made, and they were repeated on tape at a later time each day, making a total of 190 broadcasts. Several other stations assisted greatly by allowing immediate direct broadcasts of forest closure and other vital public information. In addition, staff members participated in numerous special-event and public service programmes on radio. Similar facilities were offered district officers throughout the Province whenever requested. Television Paid programming of a special Division-produced twenty-second forest-protection clip was continued over CBUT, Vancouver. A total of twenty-eight transmissions was scheduled, once each Friday and Saturday, during July and August. During the year, Divisional staff members participated in or arranged for eight " interview " type television programmes featuring forestry matters; six special- 3 34 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS events programmes for coverage by television cameras; wrote and produced two one-half-hour programmes; and supplied film footage and special material for other productions, some with national coverage. Press and Periodicals The demand for news and informational press releases, articles, and the supplying of background material to all communication media was at a very high level throughout the year. Liaison with all media was excellent, assisted materially in certain cases by the newly established information outlet in the Prince George District. During the extreme fire situation in August through September, a special system for the rapid and accurate dissemination of fire news functioned well. Extensive coverage was obtained locally, nationally, and even internationally on the forest fire situation. A senior member of the Division was seconded to the Prince Rupert District for a three-week period to organize an effective information system during the height of the fire-hazard in that district. Between May 1st and October 20th, a total of 109 formal press releases was made from Victoria on forest-protection matters. This total is made up of sixty-five daily releases, twenty-five weekly releases, and nineteen special fire releases to do with forest closures and general conditions of the woods. Some forty-three formal releases dealing with reforestation, management, research, entomology, engineering, Christmas trees, etc., were also distributed from Divisional headquarters during the year. These formal releases obtained some 18,500 column-inches of highly competitive space in the eight metropolitan dailies checked. In addition, the periodical press gave generous coverage to these items as well as originating additional material themselves, as did the daily and weekly press. Also, an indeterminate volume of material originated in the forest and ranger districts throughout the Province. Twelve major addresses and (or) articles on a wide variety of forestry matters were prepared by the Division staff during the year and carried by the daily, weekly, and periodical press. Commercial Theatres A specially produced 35-mm. forest-protection trailer was circulated through forty-four commercial theatres in the Province, for one week in each theatre, between July 10th and September 1st, for an audience estimated to be in excess of 100,000 persons. For the metropolitan Vancouver and Victoria areas, a similar item was scheduled twenty-eight times over television station CBUT, Vancouver, in lieu of using the theatres in these areas. The television audience for this item was estimated at 300,000 persons for each transmission. Signs and Exhibits Signs The Division continued to produce and maintain seven specific types of forest- protection and directional signs. During the year, thirty " Prevent Forest Fire " signs and forty-two lookout and Ranger station signs were produced and distributed to the districts. District demands continued to exceed the supply of these items. During July and August a five-man crew, under the supervision of a Division officer, maintained, by repainting, 120 " Keep B.C. Green—Use Your Ashtray " highway signs. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 35 All " Hazard Rating " signs were recalled in order to revise the wording of hazard intensity rating in accordance with the new standard forest fire danger measurement guide issued by the Canada Department of Forestry. The change in wording on the scale is as follows:— Old: Low Moderate Average High Extreme New: Nil Low Moderate High Extreme It is anticipated that these signs will be available before the 1962 fire season. The "Closure Zone Boundary" sign design, erected on a trial basis in the Vancouver District during 1961, was judged to be too small in its over-all dimensions to attract the attention of speeding motorists. Alterations will be implemented during 1962. Exhibits The Service's permanent- exhibit in the British Columbia Building, Pacific National Exhibition, Vancouver, continued to be a major attraction during the year. Pacific National Exhibition officials estimate that more than 745,000 students, citizens, and tourists viewed the display in 1961. In the case of the student tours, appropriate forestry pamphlets were supplied, as well as a brief talk on general forestry matters. Plans are currently under way to enlarge and improve this display. A three-part permanent display featuring the principal commercial tree species, their fruit, foliage, and commercial uses, was designed and constructed by the Division and presented to the Kamloops Museum by the District Forester, Kamloops, on behalf of the Forest Service. The display on forest genetics was exhibited in the Forestry and Geology Building of the University of British Columbia during an " open house " programme attended by an estimated 75,000 visitors. An exhibit featuring " teachers' aid " material available from the Division was on display for ten days at Victoria University, and two smaller displays were shown at the Parent-Teacher Convention in Vancouver and at the University of British Columbia for the information of student-teachers. Also, a special exhibit was placed in the British Columbia Teachers' Federation Conference at Dawson Creek by the Prince George Information Officer. School Lecture Programme The regular two-man school-lecture team was reduced to one early in the year due to the resignation of the senior lecturer. As a result, lecturing activity during the whole of the spring term was below normal. Schools in the Vancouver, Kamloops, Nelson, and Prince George Forest Districts were visited by lecturers during the year. A total of 214 individual lectures was given in 127 schools, to a student audience of 19,194. Lecturing in the Prince George District is carried out by the District Information Officer, the other districts being covered by the one Division headquarters lecturer (see Table 56 in Appendix). In addition to their regular school programme, the lecturers also gave sixteen talk-with-film programmes to non-school audiences totalling 628, composed of service clubs, Parent-Teacher Associations, industrial groups, and so forth. LIBRARY In order to alleviate the library's chronic shortage of space, a much more stringent policy is being observed in selecting that material to be retained permanently. Even so, this policy has only a limited effectiveness. The point is rapidly being reached when the overcrowded shelves will take no more. Up to the present 36 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS time the Provincial Library has graciously agreed to store old copies of Forest Library periodicals, but that library is also running short of space. Inter-library loans have claimed an increasing share of the staff's time, and during the year 115 items (as against sixty-five in 1960) were borrowed from twenty different libraries in Canada and the United States. The library participated in the Commonwealth Translation Exchange Scheme, and twenty-seven copies of translations done by members of the Forest Service were dispatched to various parts of the world. Further translations were completed sporadically at the request of members of the Forest Service. The librarian visited the Ranger School during the summer and spent several weeks completely reclassifying and rearranging the Ranger School library. Although it contains a sizeable collection of books and pamphlets, this was the first time that a logical system had been introduced. CO-OPERATION AND SPECIAL PROJECTS This Service is again greatly indebted to all segments of the communication media—press, radio, television, and periodicals—for their continued excellent and generous co-operation in support of the forestry information and education programme. In connection with the National " Resources for Tomorrow " conference, sponsored by the Federal and ten Provincial Governments, held in Montreal, October 23 to 28, 1961, the Director, Public Information, was appointed chairman of the British Columbia Information Committee in January. Later in the year he also acted as secretary of the forty-two-man British Columbia delegation to the conference. Both the Chief Forester and the Director presented lead-off papers in Montreal. The Division assisted the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association (Woodlands Section) in the organization and operation of press facilities at the Forest Fire Research Conference held in April at Nanaimo. Two members of the Division also assisted the British Columbia Natural Resources Conference in Victoria with its press liaison work. Assistance and counsel were provided the National Film Board in the production of a special 35-mm. film for theatre use entitled " The Water Dwellers " and dealing, in part, with the community role played by a Coastal Forest Ranger. The Division co-operated closely with the forest industry and the Canadian Forestry Association (British Columbia Branch) in the promotion of Forest Products Week and Forest Conservation Week respectively. In co-operation with the Corrections Branch of the Department of the Attorney- General, a special one-day press tour of the Chilliwack Sustained-yield Unit and the work being done by inmates of the Oakalla Prison Farm was carried out on July 14th. Also, a press tour was arranged for the Slok Creek Forest-development Road project near Lillooet. Members of the Division delivered nineteen addresses on forestry matters to a wide variety of audiences. For the fourth consecutive year, a member of the Division conducted classes for the Canadian Girl Guides' Association leading to obtaining of the woodsman's badge. Special lectures to the Canadian Army, Work Point Barracks, Victoria, were provided by one member of the Division on the subject of fire-fighting organization and techniques. The continued support of this Service's school lecture programme by the Department of Education is gratefully acknowledged. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 37 FOREST MANAGEMENT GENERAL The forest-management functions of the Forest Service are concerned primarily with the administration of the public-owned forests and all matters relating to the cutting and disposition of the timber harvest. These include examining, cruising, and appraising the stumpage value of Crown timber for sale, approving the cutting requirements and other conditions of sale, similar duties in connection with issuance of tree-farm licence cutting permits, administration of log marks assigned for areas of various tenure status, timber-scaling, administration of all forms of land use in Provincial forest reserves under special-use permits, and administration of logging- road rights-of-way under Part VI of the Forest Act. The scale volume of timber products and their prevailing market prices determine the value of forest production, which in turn has a marked influence on the economic prosperity and living standard of the people of the Province. The total estimated value of all forest production, including loading and freight in the Province for 1961, is estimated at $775,000,000, representing a slight increase of $3,500,000 over 1960, the previous record. The value of lumber production maintained its leading position, but declined from $380,000,000 in 1960 to $359,- 000,000 in 1961. Both the volume of lumber production and average lumber prices, f.o.b. mill, declined in 1961. The value of pulp and paper production increased by $15,000,000 to $258,400,000 for 1961. The value of pulp and paper production in the Province has doubled in the last ten years, and it is significant that, in 1961, 48 per cent of the wood required for pulp production and wood-chips exported came from 2,303,200 units of chips produced from wood residues from sawmills and other processing plants. The value of plywood production increased 5 per cent to $79,840,000, while shingles declined 10 per cent to $16,800,000. Furniture and other wood-using industries now contribute $20,000,000, while the paper-using industries contribute $17,000,000. The total scale of forest production for 1961 amounted to 1,167 million cubic feet (6,875 million board-feet), the second highest in our history. Although the total scale showed a decrease of 33 million cubic feet or 2.8 per cent from the 1960 record, it surpassed the previous 1956 peak by 100 million cubic feet. The total scale for the Coast declined by 43 million cubic feet. The total scale for the Interior increased by 10 million cubic feet to establish a record of 508 million cubic feet. For the Province as a whole, Douglas fir retained its leading position with a total scale of 357 million cubic feet, followed by hemlock with 256 million cubic feet, spruce with 202 million cubic feet, cedar with 149 million cubic feet, and balsam with 110 million cubic feet. On the Coast, hemlock reaffirmed its leading importance on a volume basis with a total scale of 234 million cubic feet, followed by fir with 176 million cubic feet and cedar with 126 million cubic feet. This was the third consecutive year in which the Coastal scale of hemlock exceeded that of Douglas fir and the second year in which it exceeded Douglas fir in the Vancouver District. In the Interior, spruce ranked second to Douglas fir, with scale volumes of 175 and 181 million cubic feet respectively, followed by lodgepole pine with 45 million cubic feet. The total scale from Crown land tenures amounted to 963 million cubic feet, or 83 per cent of the total scale. Since the only major classes of tenure from which stumpage is collected are timber sales and certain otherwise unalienated Crown lands in tree-farm licences, the scale volume from these tenures is of interest. The total scale from these stumpage-bearing tenures amounted to approximately 750 38 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS million cubic feet, or 64 per cent of that for the entire Province. Since the majority of the special timber licences and other alienated forms of tenure are situated in the Vancouver District, the picture for that area is quite different. In the Vancouver District the total scale from stumpage-bearing tenures approximated 260 million cubic feet, or 45 per cent of the total scale of 574 million cubic feet. The total scale of all products from all tenures within tree-farm licences was 279,917,294 cubic feet, or 24 per cent of the total scale for the Province. Half of this volume or 141 million cubic feet came from stumpage-bearing tenures. Water-borne lumber shipments during the year were up 6.8 per cent over 1960, establishing a record volume of 1,789,115 M, board measure, but the increase in volume was offset by a reported drop of five to seven dollars per M f.b.m. in world lumber prices. Figures from the Pacific Lumber Inspection Bureau showed that British Columbia was the only region in the Pacific Northwest to register a gain in volume. By contrast, Washington showed a drop of 14.5 per cent, Oregon 24.2 per cent, and California 24.8 per cent. Sales to the sterling area, which comprise 70 per cent of the Provincial total, were disappointing, with the United Kingdom sales declining 18 per cent to 422.9 million f.b.m., Australia a decline of 19 per cent to 91.9 million, and Africa a decline of 47 per cent to 75.1 million. There was a very significant surge in shipments to Japan, from 1.6 million f.b.m. in 1960 to 155.5 million f.b.m. in 1961. This is expected to drop back to about 80 million f.b.m. in 1962 due to overloaded lumber-handling facilities and recent Japanese fiscal restrictions. Water-borne shipments from British Columbia to North American markets were up 17 per cent. Log exports, which had dwindled in the last few years to 28 million f.b.m. in 1958 and 1959, climbed to 101 million f.b.m. in 1961. This is the largest volume since 1954, when 141 million f.b.m were exported. During 1961, 31 million f.b.m. were exported from Crown-granted lands carrying the export privilege and 70 million f.b.m. were exported under permit from other areas. With the gradually increasing complexities of multiple-use land tenures and the growing tendency of logging firms to consolidate and secure their positions in the last few years, there has been an increase in the number of letters of consent to construct logging-roads on Crown lands. During the year 218 right-of-way permits were issued under Part VI of the Forest Act, compared to 226 permits in 1960 and 153 permits in 1959. These figures are in addition to numerous special-use permits granted in the many Provincial forest reserves. During the year 1,892 timber sales were cruised. These comprised 720,144 acres, with a volume of 1,027,243,000 cubic feet and 7,688,000 lineal feet of poles. The granting of the thirty-nine tree-farm licences now in effect has been partially responsible for a decline in timber sales because of the substitution of tree-farm licence cutting permits as the cutting authority documents for this significant portion of the cut instead of timber-sale contracts. This has been offset to some extent by the growth of the forest industries. There were 2,139 timber sales awarded in 1961, including 282 cash sales. These comprised a total indicated stumpage value of $27,879,000 on the basis of the bid rates. Bids higher than the upset stumpage rates were submitted on only 142 sales, or 7.8 per cent of the sales other than cash sales which are not subject to competition. These competitive sales contained an estimated volume of 77,680 M cubic feet, or 8.9 per cent of the total volume of 873,533 M cubic feet. A new table is included in the Appendix of this Report showing a summary of competition on timber sales (Table No. 18). The year 1961 was marked by a number of major forest fires, for which it will long be remembered in some regions of the Province. Some of these fires REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 39 approached disastrous proportions and consumed timber volumes equivalent to several times the calculated allowable annual sustained-yield harvests of the public- managed units in which they were located. Of particular significance in this respect were the "Grove" and "Tsus" fires south-east of Prince George, the "Vunder" and a series of other fires in the vicinity of Horsefly and Quesnel Lakes, and the " Otto " and " Paul" fires in the Interior portion of the Prince Rupert Forest District. In order to facilitate prompt salvage of as much as possible of this timber, it was incumbent on the Forest Service to offer the timber for sale promptly. To this end, twenty-six areas were established as salvage-sale areas under section 27 of the Forest Act, and some 110 million cubic feet of timber was offered for sale at salvage rates. This volume is equivalent to almost one-third of the total annual cut of all products in the vast Prince George and Kamloops Forest Districts. The established forest industries in the localities of the fires are to be congratulated for their co-operation in purchasing more than 80 per cent of the volume offered for sale and in revising their operating plans to make an immediate start on large-scale salvage operations. During the year a start was made toward ultimate recovery and utilization over the next ten or twelve years of the timber in the flood area of the proposed Peace River power development, with the cruising and advertising of six initial timber sales in the area to be flooded by the initial coffer-dam. In accordance with the 1961 recommendations of the Select Standing Committee on Forests and Fisheries, which were adopted by the Legislative Assembly, reports were prepared on the Vancouver log market and the operating status of timber-sale licensees in the public-managed units of the Vancouver Forest District. ADMINISTRATION OF MANAGED UNITS It is gratifying to note that 65 per cent of recorded Provincial cut originated from areas operating under approved annual allowable cuts. During the year six new public sustained-yield units were established with licensee priority approved. The cut from the seventy-eight public sustained-yield areas has reached 454,000 M cubic feet. The cut represents 88 per cent of the total approved allowable cut for all units, which amounts to 39 per cent of the total Provincial cut. All the established public sustained-yield units are being administered on the licensee priority system, with the exception of the Hecate, the Ootsa Block 3, the Queen Charlotte, the Adams Block 2, and the North Thompson units. The Kitimat unit awaits formal approval decision, about January, 1964, on the pulp-mill proposal for the area. The Canoe unit is awaiting the removal of the flood timber before establishing replacement values for the established licensees. The 1960 amendment to section 17 of the Forest Act, which provided for units with annual commitments exceeding 150 per cent to be designated emergency areas by Order in Council for a period of one year, was amended further. In an emergency area, when sealed-tender procedure is elected by the licensee, sealed tenders are restricted to those holding a valid and subsisting licence in the unit. The applicant has the opportunity of acquiring the sale by submitting a further tender within ten days, containing an offer not lower than the highest offer if other offers are received; otherwise, the sale will be awarded to the valid and subsisting licensee submitting the highest offer. The Nicola Lake Sustained-yield Unit was the only unit designated as an emergency area during 1961. New legislation was passed under subsection (la) of section 17 of the Forest Act, which provided for sealed-tender protection for established licensees within fully committed public sustained-yield units throughout the Province. The sealed- 40 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS tender protection provision will apply when (a) the allowable cut has been fully sold and all applications proceeding are replacement sales, and (b) the licensee priority system of administration for the unit has been approved and the application is from an established licensee (non-established operator applications and Forest Service sales must be sold at public auction). This procedure allows the applicant the option of matching the highest bid, but bidding by sealed tender in this case is not limited to the established operators. The approved allowable cut from the privately managed tenures now represents approximately 27 per cent of the total Provincial cut. The recorded cut from the thirty-three tree-farm licences under regulation (Tree-farm Licence No. 2 is not yet under regulation and Tree-farm Licences Nos. 38 and 39 begin in 1962) amounted to about 280,000 M cubic feet. This represents an actual overcut of 15 Der cent on the approved allowable cut for these licences as of January 1, 1961. The general administration of this type of tenure is being streamlined by the licensees in the commitments and reports being submitted by them. The aaxninistration of the public sustained-yield units is being made more effective by improved survey standards, increased forest-development road work, the periodic review of allowable cuts, and the preparation of plans for over-all development as indicated in other sections of this Report. MARKET PRICES AND STUMPAGE TRENDS Lumber Prices The prices that were reported by the co-operating mills in the five stumpage- appraisal zones confirmed that the lumber industry is still feeling the impact of the recession in the North American market area. Prices did firm up, however, and, with the exception of white pine and yellow pine, prices were slightly higher in the last quarter than for a comparable period in 1960. Present indications are that the market is improving and there should be a continuing gradual increase in prices. 1961 Uncorrected Quarterly Average Dressed-lumber Prices (Interior) Jan.-Mar. Apr- Tune July-Sept. Oct.- Dec. Species Basis, MB.M. Average Price Basis, MB.M. Average Price Basis, MB.M. Average Price Basis, MB.M. Average Price Fir-larch. 145,510 167,165 4,541 5,547 1,371 $52.54 51.47 45.91 92.69 40.65 186,525 231,872 10,110 5,476 5,304 $58.15 55.65 53.84 88.99 54.61 199,026 233,197 9,315 8.392 3,283 $57.30 53.36 56.34 94.29 50.00 161,757 187,463 8,689 4,646 2,885 $54.35 52.03 Cedar White pine Yellow pine 50.47 90.22 47.07 Log Prices The prices being paid for logs in the Vancouver log market, as reported to the British Columbia Loggers' Association, continued the decline that started in 1960 into the first quarter of 1961. There was a very gradual improvement through the second and third quarters for all species except balsam, and by the end of the year the price level was restored to that effective in the last quarter of 1960. Douglas fir recovered more strongly, however, and at the year's end the price was up approximately $6.50 per thousand over that for a comparable period in 1960. The price for balsam graded on the market as pulp dropped in the last quarter, reflecting an oversupply in the market, which may develop into a problem. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 41 The cedar marketing problem is still a matter of concern in the industry, but cedar log inventories were reduced and supply and demand appear to be approaching equilibrium. 1961 Quarterly Average Log Prices per M B.M. (Lower Coast) all grades Species Jan.-Mar. Apr-June July-Sept. Oct.-Dec. Fir -- $57.19 35.62 40.16 36.44 42.91 38.78 $58.63 38.90 42.19 38.52 37.18 43.88 $61.36 38.58 43.01 39.91 40.87 45.52 $63.03 Cedar 37.74 42.14 39.12 41.32 46.30 No. : GRADE Fir $49.02 29.66 38.23 34.98 36.89 33.58 $50.95 31.25 40.65 36.80 34.27 38.60 $51.90 31.34 41.35 37.09 37.13 40.12 $54.00 31.61 40.19 32.56 37.02 41.12 Stumpage Prices Throughout 1961, stumpage appraisals in all zones were based on relatively low selling prices. The average stumpage price for all species was $2.53 per hundred cubic feet. The comparable figures for the years 1957, 1958, 1959, and 1960 are $2.98, $4.03, $3.88, and $3.55. The rates for all species were lower in 1961 than in 1960. (For detailed figures see Table 20 of the Appendix.) Stumpage prices did show some recovery in the last quarter, reflecting the gradual strengthening of the market for the product on which the appraisal is based; that is, dressed lumber in the Interior and logs on the Coast. Sliding-scale Adjustments Although selling prices were generally depressed and relatively stable, there were 3,870 adjustments under provision of the sliding-scale condition of the timber contracts. This condition provides that the stumpage rate will be adjusted by formula when the average market value as established by the Chief Forester has departed by 15 per cent or more from the average market value which formed the basis on which the existing rates were established. Of the total 3,870 adjustments, 1,438 were upward and 2,432 downward. The anomaly of upward adjustments during a period of relatively stable low prices can be explained by reference to the log price and lumber price tables above. The white pine log price in the first quarter was abnormally depressed; rates were adjusted downward on that basis, then upward again when the price returned to its level. A similar situation developed with cedar and yellow pine in the Interior. A system of stumpage adjustment to replace the sliding scale has been developed and presented to the industry for consideration. This new system will establish at the auction a schedule of stumpage prices relative to the price level for the product on which the appraisal is based. It will provide that the stumpage payable at any time will be consistent with a fair market value regardless of the market level that was effective at the time that the sale was acquired. The new system will absorb 42 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS to the Crown a significant part of the market risk. The rates payable will fall to the minimum as prices decline and will rise as prices rise, following the market much more closely than is possible with the sliding-scale method. Stumpage-appraisal Cost Studies The time-study field crew attached to the Appraisal Section completed the field work on a yarding-skidding project in the Interior Dry Belt. Data derived from this study are now being analysed. A study was undertaken in co-operation with the Engineering Services Division to determine the factors that influence the cost of log and lumber hauls under Interior conditions. This project is continuing into 1962. SILVICULTURE The programme for 1961 included stand treatment, silvicultural studies, working circle planning, and road location in both sustained-yield units and public working circles. The main effort during the past year was centred on stand treatment. All districts were active in this field, and some 648 timber sales, principally in the Interior, received stand treatment. This involved the treatment of approximately 132,769 acres. Stands are generally treated to attain either increment or natural regeneration, or, in some cases, a combination of both increment and natural regeneration. The cutting methods which are most frequently employed are single tree selection in the case of increment, and strips, groups, patches, or single seed-trees in the case of natural regeneration. Of the 132,769 acres treated, 15,810 were treated under single tree selection ; 32,047 acres were laid out in blocks, strips, or patches ; and 84,912 acres were marked for either seed-tree groups or single selected seed-trees. Although natural regeneration is dependent on several interrelated factors, a satisfactory seed-bed and a suitable seed source can be regarded as prime requisites. The preparation of a satisfactory seed-bed often requires either burning or scarification. The Forest Service has been employing scarification in certain types of stands since 1956. During 1961, scarification was carried out on 4,120 acres, work being carried out in the Nelson, Kamloops, Prince George, and Prince Rupert Districts. Of the 4,120 acres, 789 acres were scarified as a result of provisions contained in timber-sale contracts. This is an increase in Forest Service scarification of 1,490 acres and a decrease in licensee scarification of 564 acres. Continued experience with scarification techniques has led to improved work performance and lower costs. Costs have been reduced from $16.62 per acre in 1959 to $10.38 per acre in 1961, with an increase in the percentage of suitable seed-bed above the 65- per-cent standard presently in use. The results of the 1959 scarification programme confirm the earlier promise of this treatment, the average stocking of spruce being 53 per cent stocked quadrats, with an indicated total stocking of 5,000 spruce germinants per acre based on examination of 485 acres. In addition to the preparation of seed-bed by scarification, a series of broadcast burns has been carried out in the Interior decadent cedar-hemlock type; the results to date have been satisfactory, and this method holds considerable promise in this type. In addition to the actual work programme, the evaluation of cutting methods in the spruce-balsam type of the Northern Interior was completed. This project has been carried out over a five-year period and covers growth, mortality, and regeneration following logging. A report outlining the findings is being prepared. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 43 Evaluation studies will be carried on in the Kamloops and Nelson Districts during the 1962 field season. One of the most significant advances in recent years has been the development of antibiotics to control white pine blister rust. During 1961, 3,579 trees were sprayed with either Actidione BR or Phyto-Actin, at a cost of 14Yz cents per tree. It is planned to extend the programme in 1962 to include helicopter spraying. If the results in British Columbia are comparable to those obtained in Idaho and Montana, there will be an increasing use of this type of control programme. Planting was again carried out in the Interior in co-operation with the Reforestation Division. In all, some 320,355 trees were planted, an increase of 254,255 over the previous year. All districts were active in this regard. The 1961 cone-crop was average to good. The cone-crop matured earlier than anticipated, so that collections were below the anticipated level. Even so, 536 bushels were obtained, the majority of which was picked by the stand-treatment crews. SCALING Coast The official scaling staff of 121 men scaled 3,235,071,869 f.b.m. and 399,065,- 752 cubic feet in the Vancouver and Prince Rupert Coast Forest Districts. These figures include approximately 1,328,000,000 f.b.m. of logs scaled in board-feet only and about 18,000,000 cubic feet scaled in cubic feet only, the remainder having been dual scaled in both board and cubic feet. The total f.b.m scale decreased by 313,300,604 f.b.m., while the cubic scale showed an increase of 14,747,834 cubic feet. During the year, 24,007 booms or parcels were scaled, and 327 of these were rescaled. In addition to checking and coaching the main office staff, the scaling supervisors made 133 checks at the fourteen permanent scaling-stations. Eight hundred and ninety-four export inspections were made. Examinations of candidates for scaling licences were held for Ranger School students, student-sealers, and members of the public. Examinations were also held for candidates for Scaler—Grade 1 and 2 positions on the official scaling staff. Interior Control and inspection of scaling practices were continued in the Interior districts by the Inspectors of Licensed Scalers and the Ranger staffs. Further control was provided through mill checks and investigations by the investigators of the Accounting Division, who work in co-operation with the Inspectors and Rangers. Recognition of the need for further development and co-ordination of Interior scaling administration resulted in the appointment of a forester to the Management Division staff to act as Scaling Co-ordinator. Examinations of candidates for scaling licences were held at various centres in all districts by the Inspectors of Licensed Scalers. The percentage of successful candidates remained low. This trend could lead to a shortage of licensed scalers if not checked by provision of instruction for persons wishing to obtain a scaling licence. In the interests of lower scaling costs without sacrifice of accuracy, sample scaling procedures were initiated on a trial basis on two operations. One trial is in progress on pulp-mill logs in the Nelson District and one on a stud-log operation in the Kamloops District. Experience gained from these trials will guide extension of sample scale privileges to other operations in the event that modification of present procedures appears warranted. 44 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 1 1 133d oieno jo SNonniw n sswmoA % 1 I 1 1961 196! 656! 556! 1561 5561 C«l - 1561 - tttl - 2t6l c ! < c i >- y .go o LU I £ P - U of Li O t cc i LU 3 H C ^8 ^ Q CC u U. ' tr < o E h 5 - St6l u c a c > 1 (Ml c u a > 1 ltd < ) 1 656! »(6I 1(61 9561 556! tS6l mi 2561 156! 0561 2 J ,^\ t- (0 or \ r- < - - o u i I 1 e 1 LJ 1 2 c j _i * z ^.1 X V > o e CL / a. < a. J C - J > I 9261 526! 1261 £261 2261 1261 1 The cumulative cut for the 50 years if converted into boards, represents enough lumber to build about thirty million average size homes. 1A XI X I \ 6151 5161 1161 9161 5161 t!6l £161 2161 UN DM l 1 " s S § s s VOLUMES IN MILLIONS OF CUBIC FEET REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 45 syv~noa do sisiomiiAi 09-6S6I 9W«I P 1 to I 9«-s«i a 1 3 1 K-K6I { s zs-i«r II! W-6WI 8WHI 9*-SW II E Zfr-I«! l*-0V6t 0V-6KI V z io % ID o a co 1 d I ^ BWS6I 3 tO M-SS6I c 1 2 y !« : u_ 0 to c ife1 L- o CM 22 K-fKI c : zo Zt-lttl c i a z 4 K-6Z6I t J i o z LU 5 Z 1 a-iza i f <¥■ ui CC 9Z-5Z6I m u cc E k 1 K-EZ6I > ZZ-IZ6I \ 0Z-6I6I \ k BI-1I6I 91-5161 M-£KI K-ZI6I sav~noa do snoitiiw 46 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS GRAZING GENERAL CONDITIONS The ranching industry enjoyed generally satisfactory conditions during 1961. The winter of 1960/61 was exceptionally mild and snowfall light in most range areas. This, combined with fair hay-supplies, resulted in stock coming through the winter in excellent condition. Range readiness occurred somewhat earlier than normal on most low-elevation ranges in 1961. Owing to an intervening cool spell, particularly in the Nelson Grazing District, some mid-elevation ranges were a little later than normal. However, turnout of stock on the ranges was not delayed anywhere, with the exception of part of the Peace River area, where a high spring fire- hazard prevented stock being placed on the range until about two weeks after the range was actually ready for use. Light winter snowfall, following the near-drought conditions of 1960, resulted in critical soil-moisture conditions, particularly on low-elevation ranges in most areas. Forage production varied from slightly below to considerably below average on these grassland ranges. Again, an exception was most of the Nelson Grazing District, where moisture conditions were more favourable. On the other hand, most forest ranges at higher elevations benefited from periodic summer rains, and forage production was fairly well sustained, except in the Chilcotin and parts of the Cariboo and Prince George areas, where summer drought resulted in reduced forage production on all types of range. Generally below average precipitation in the range area over the last several years has resulted in some stock-watering problems. On a few drier ranges, water- holes dried up later in the summer, making stock distribution difficult, and in a few cases necessitated the removal of stock from the range before the end of the normal grazing season. In spite of generally lower range forage production, stock came off the Crown ranges in from fair to good condition. Any exceptions appeared to be due as much to a lack of good range and live-stock management as to range condition. Although hay-crops were somewhat lighter than normal in dry areas, haying conditions were ideal during the summer of 1961. This permitted the harvesting of all hay available, resulting in a generally good hay-crop of high quality. This is indeed fortunate as heavy early snows considerably curtailed fall grazing. Hay shortages are not anticipated in spite of the necessity for early feeding. The trend toward the mechanization of many phases of the ranching business continues. The seasonal requirements for unskilled labour for such things as haying are now greatiy reduced and easily filled. Unfortunately, there is not yet a mechanical substitute for competent live-stock handlers, particularly on the range, and ranch operations continue to suffer from a shortage of qualified labour in this vital area. The fact that the trend toward improved range management is very slow is due, at least in part, to this shortage of qualified personnel. Markets and Prices Cattle-producers enjoyed very favourable market conditions in 1961. Prices were fairly steady early in the year and showed a marked strengthening later, during the peak marketing period. Weighted average prices received by cattlemen through the British Columbia Livestock Producers' Co-operative Association were $18.29 per hundredweight in 1961, over $1 above the $17.25 per hundredweight received REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 47 in 1960. The price for sheep and lambs shipped through the co-operative remained approximately the same as the previous year. Live-stock Losses Loss of stock due to poisonous weeds on the range appeared to be lower than average in 1961. This is the reverse of what is normally expected in a relatively dry year. Losses due to highway and railroad accidents did not increase in 1961, in spite of heavier traffic. This is due to gradually improving stock-management practices and the installation of more and better fencing in certain critical areas. Predatory animals took only a light toll of stock. Dangerous mud-holes claimed more animals than the average in recent years, due to lower water-tables resulting from below average precipitation over several years. Careless hunters appeared to be taking an increasing toll of cattle, with several head reported found shot on the range. Unexplained losses, probably due mainly to straying and theft, were about average, with one notable exception where approximately 500 sheep out of a herd of 1,500 disappeared. Diseases of Live Stock Many of the measures which are necessary to ensure a high level of live-stock health profoundly affect range management. The control of Vibriosis, a reproductive disease of cattle, continues to require the greater segregation of breeding herds. This necessitated the setting-up of numerous individual range allotments and breeding-pastures during the year, thus considerably disrupting existing range-use patterns. The brucellosis- and tuberculosis-control programmes necessitated the withholding of grazing permits in several cases until the herds concerned were cleaned up. Grazing permits were also withheld for three range sheep flocks infected with foot-rot until these flocks were finally declared free of this disease. RANGE MANAGEMENT Maintenance of the Crown range in the highest possible state of productivity is of vital importance to the live-stock industry. Watershed protection and wildlife populations are also directly dependent upon good range conditions. Improper grazing practices and range depletion may interfere with forest regeneration, result in soil depletion, and depreciate recreational values. Increased live-stock numbers, combined with similar increases in these associated land uses, demand a greatly intensified range-management programme. (An adequate level of range management is not being achieved, and for several reasons. Staff limitations do not permit the necessary level of supervision of range use at the present time. Also, there is a continuing lack of understanding of range- management requirements on the part of a large proportion of range-users. An increase in range-management personnel is required to carry out adequate education and enforcement programmes. The impact of the associated land uses, together with unplanned land settlement, makes the achievement of the required level of range management all but impossible in many areas. A co-ordinated land-use study is now urgently required, on the basis of which the various uses can be integrated to best advantage and uneconomic settlement avoided. During 1961, range yield, readiness, and trend studies were continued and extended to several new areas. Some adjustments in season-of-use and stocking rates were made where needed. Efforts were made to achieve better live-stock 48 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS distribution in some areas where this was required. Much more of this sort of work needs to be done to ensure the maintenance and improvement of range condition. In the Peace River District, forage-improvement studies were continued to ascertain the techniques and costs necessary to develop pastures on low-quality agricultural land. Range Surveys Due to a variety of reasons, the range-survey programme was again considerably reduced in 1961. A total of only 213,600 acres was covered, as follows:—■ Location Acres Part of Kettle River Stock Range (resurvey) 43,600 Part of Alexandria Stock Range 150,000 Cecil Lake 20,000 Total 213,600 From 1945 to 1961 a total of 9,953,485 acres has been covered by range surveys or resurveys necessary to keep range-inventory information up to date. Maps and reports covering field work carried out in previous seasons in several areas were completed during the year. Extensive reconnaissances were also carried out in several areas as a basis for dealing with current range management or administrative problems. Range Improvements During the year $46,408.86 was spent from the Range Improvement Fund. In addition, material to the value of $11,439.90 was on hand at the beginning of 1961. Material valued at $10,019.51 remained on hand and not assigned to projects at the end of the year. The following projects, chargeable wholly or in part to the Fund, were completed: Twenty cattle-guards, twenty-nine drift fences, three experimental plots, one hazard-removal, three holding-grounds, one meadow improvement, one pasture development, one stock-bridge, nineteen stock-trails, seventeen water developments, range seeding, and wild-horse disposal. In addition to the above-noted cost to the Fund, permittees made considerable contributions of labour to the projects listed. Also, authority was extended to permittees to construct and maintain, entirely at their own expense, four breeding- pastures, one corral, eleven drift-fences, three grazing enclosures (general use), two holding-grounds, one stock-trail, and one water development. Range seeding was again a major feature of the improvement programme. A total of 36,200 pounds of grass and legume seed was sown, compared with 34,450 pounds in 1960. Some 15,680 pounds were aerially sown on burned areas, and the balance, approximately 20,530 pounds, on logged and similarly disturbed areas. Well over half of the burned areas seeded was the result of 1960 fires which could not be seeded until early spring, 1961, due to adverse flying conditions the previous fall. Although fires devastated large areas in 1961, few were considered suitable for seeding. The dryness of 1961 was not favourable for the establishment of .grass, and the results of some seedings have been disappointing. However, fall rains brought on further germination, and it is anticipated initial partial failures will show improvement in 1962. Studies are under way, in co-operation with the Canada Range Experimental Farm at Kamloops, to determine the effect of seeded grasses on forest regeneration in burned areas. The effect of different seed mixtures on tree regeneration, forage yield, and grazeability are also being studied on logged areas. This work is very necessary as knowledge in this field is lacking. J REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 49 A wide variety of forest sites have now been seeded to grass for a sufficient time to make a preliminary assessment of results from the forage standpoint. Forage production has been disappointing on some low-quality sites. In other situations, windfall and heavy brush growth have made any introduced forage unavailable to five stock within three to five years. In general, it appears that only very temporary forage values can be obtained by seeding burned or logged cedar-hemlock, spruce-balsam, and possibly some fir-larch sites. However, seeding to prevent erosion on these sites might still be worth while under certain conditions. The seeding of fir, yellow pine, and better lodgepole pine sites results in more sustained yields of improved forage and appears to be well worth while. The programme of installing steel decks on cattle-guards was continued. Unfortunately, certain weaknesses have shown up in the original design, and modifications have proven necessary to withstand heavier traffic loads. This has added to the cost of this already expensive but indispensable range-management facility. All of the Kamloops Grazing District and most of the Nelson Grazing District were closed to horses during the winter of 1960/61 to prevent damaging grazing during this period. In most areas, horse-owners co-operated, but elsewhere there was strong resistance to this very necessary range-management procedure. A total of 118 horses was removed from the Crown range by horse-disposal licensees. Peace River Pastures Special funds were again provided in 1961 for pasture-development work in the Peace River District. The following new work was completed: 11 miles of fencing, eight stock-watering dugouts, 40Vi miles of fence-line clearing and fireguards, 2 miles of stock-trails, the seeding of 30 acres of previously broken land, and 18 acres cleared in preparation for breaking and seeding. Most of this work was done on two newly selected pasture areas lying to the north of the Peace River in preparation for their use in 1962. Maintenance work was also done on existing fences and other improvements where required. CO-OPERATION The necessary co-operation between grazing permittees and the Forest Service is achieved mainly through the medium, of local range live-stock associations. There are now fifty-five such associations approved under the Grazing Act, two new associations being approved during the year and the approval of one inactive association withdrawn. In addition, one newly incorporated association was in the process of applying for approval at the close of the year. Relations with these local organizations continued to be good. In dealing with matters relating to the whole industry, close contact was maintained with the British Columbia Beef Cattle Growers' Association and the British Columbia Sheep Breeders' Association. The British Columbia Livestock Producers' Co-operative Association, the producer-owned market agency, continued to supply live-stock price figures necessary for the sliding scale of grazing fees. Without the co-operation of this agency, it would be difficult to obtain this information. Forest Service officers attended a total of 146 association meetings during 1961. This represents a considerable increase over previous years. Additional meetings were held with other live-stock and technical groups during the year to deal with special problems. As a result of closer co-ordination required in resource management, close liaison with various other management and research agencies is required. Numerous 50 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS consultations and, where required, field inspections were carried out with representatives of other agencies of this Government. The Canada Range Experimental Farm at Kamloops extended valuable assistance on a variety of technical matters, and several joint projects were initiated. The Canada Experimental Farm at Beaverlodge, Alta., continued technical studies on the pilot pasture developments in the Peace River District. The co-operation of the Indian Affairs Branch, Canada Department of Citizenship and Immigration, was invaluable in dealing with Indian use of Crown range. Grazing officers participated actively in the American Society of Range Management. ADMINISTRATION As a result of more live stock on Crown range and the continuing diversion of range to other uses, the administration work load is becoming increasingly heavy and more complex. This situation resulted in much necessary field work being left undone and is one of the main reasons for the near-stagnation of the range inventory programme. All procedures were critically reviewed during the year, and some modifications made in an effort to deal with this situation. During 1961, considerable pressure developed for the commencement of range administration in the area between Prince George and Smithers, and preliminary investigations were started. Much further work will be required to determine the availability of suitable Crown range and the feasibility of utilizing any such range on a sustained-yield basis. However, administration was commenced on a limited area of Crown range in the vicinity of Fraser Lake. One new area was placed under reserve for future pasture development in the Peace River District. Administration was confined to the three pastures south of the river, but development work was carried out on two areas north of the river in preparation for commencement of administration on these areas in 1962. Again, many ranches changed hands during 1961, most being purchased by parties from outside this Province. This boom in ranch real estate resulted in a considerable amount of work in connection with the transfer of grazing privileges and the explanation of grazing regulations and management plans to a large number of new operators, who were completely unfamiliar with local conditions. Most ranch operators are striving to increase their live-stock numbers, thus creating unprecedented competition for Crown range. In view of the already crowded conditions, each application for increased range use required the most careful investigation, and many applications had to be refused. Farm Credit Corporation regulations were modified during the year to permit Crown range grazing privileges to be considered in the evaluation of ranch properties as security for loans. This has resulted in a sharp rise in the demand for range by many small operators who can now qualify for such loans. Liaison procedures with the corporation with respect to borrower permittees have been developed. Legislation Minor amendments were made to the Grazing Act in 1961 to correct several inadvertent errors in the 1960 revision and to bring the Grazing Act into line with the Animals Act with respect to the running of bulls on Crown range. The Grazing Regulations were also amended to provide for a special grazing fee to be charged for the use of improved Crown ranges in the Peace River District. This was necessary in view of the high cost of improvements required on these ranges. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 51 Grazing and Hay Permits During the year, 1,825 grazing permits were issued, authorizing the depasturing of 132,749 cattle, 4,985 horses, and 21,309 sheep on Crown range. This represents an increase of ninety-nine permits over 1960. Cattle numbers were up 5,601 head, horses 481 head, and sheep 1,849 head oyer the previous year. Both the number of permits and the number of cattle are the highest ever recorded. (See Table 58 in Appendix.) A total of 192 hay-cutting permits was issued, authorizing the harvesting of 2,313 tons of hay from Crown range, an increase of ten permits and 286 tons over 1960. The increase was mainly due to drier conditions prevailing on previously flooded wild meadows. Grazing and Hay-cutting Fees Grazing fees per head per month for 1961 were 17 cents for cattle, 3.25 cents for sheep, and 21.25 cents for horses. These fees are the same as those for the previous year, except for sheep, which were reduced by 0.25 cent per head per month. Hay-cutting fees remained at $1 per ton. Total billings for grazing and hay-cutting fees were up from the 1960 level, the increase being due entirely to greater use of Crown range. Collections were the highest ever recorded, exceeding billings, and reducing " outstandings " at the end of the year. This situation reflects the buoyant condition of the cattle industry. (See Table 59 in Appendix.) Live-stock Counts The cattle-counting programme was greatly increased in the Kamloops Grazing District in 1961 to ensure that actual grazing use was in line with permitted use. This was necessary both to avoid abuse of the range and to protect the large majority of permittees who make honest returns and comply with permit conditions. Violations and Prosecutions A number of violations of grazing regulations and permit conditions occurred during the year. It was necessary to undertake the seizure of stock in trespass on three occasions. The imminence of similar action in a number of other instances resulted in belated compliance with regulations by the owners of the stock concerned. One seizure brought to light a theft which was successfully prosecuted on the basis of a complaint laid by the live-stock association concerned. No cases of trespass were taken to Court during the year. 52 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS ENGINEERING SERVICES ENGINEERING SECTION Forest-development roads again constituted a major portion of the work during 1961, along with an increased engineering and construction programme under the terms of a Federal-Provincial cost-sharing agreement. In addition to the road location and construction work directly connected with this agreement, continued emphasis was placed on development engineering, and extensive field and office investigations were undertaken to provide the engineering data essential to the management of the forest resource. As a result of the expanded construction programme in recent years, road maintenance is becoming increasingly important, and during 1961 a total of 348 miles of previously constructed haul-road required routine maintenance and repair work. Forest-road Programme, 1961 F.D.R.=Forest-development road. P.A.R.=Protection access road. P.W.C.=Public working circle. S.Y.U.=Sustained-yield unit. V.C.L.rr: Vacant Crown land. Project Regulation Unit Reconnaissance Location Construction Vancouver Forest District Miles 92 30 40 10 55 100 20 25 15 19 18 26 Miles 1.5 6.8 3.0 1.0 3.0 24.8 2.1 20.2 10.0 2.3 16.5 32.7 46.8 15.0 20.0 7.7 16.5 19.0 14.5 Miles Chilliwack River F.D.R Chilliwack P W C. 3 3 Port Hardy F.D.R _ Cape Scott P.W.C :..... Harrison S.Y.U Sayward P.W.C. 6.6 Slollicum Creek P.A.R Menzies Mt. P.A.R Mud Lake P.A.R ... Sayward P.W.C. Prince Rupert Forest District Hazelton S.Y.U Morice River F.D.R. Morice S.Y.U .- Rivers Inlet P.W.C Babine P.W.C 32.4 Owikeno Lake F.D.R Tahlo Creek F.D.R. Tochcha Lake F.D.R. Babine P.W.C Smithers P.W.C. and V.C.L...... Babine P.W.C. 13.4 Upper Babine-Suskwa P.A.R — Hazelton S.Y.U. Terrace S.Y.U. Prince George Forest District Gregg Creek P.A.R Westlake P.W.C Naver-Ahbau F.D.R. Navet P.W.C. and Big Valley S.Y.U. 9.2 Parsnip S.Y.U. Tezzeron Creek F.D.R Stuart Lake P.W.C 8.2 Wapiti River F.D.R. Nechako S.Y.U. and V.C.L. Ootsa S .Y.U Big Bar S.Y.U.... Kamloops Forest District Nehalliston S.Y.U Cayoosh Creek F.D.R - Yalakom S.Y.U - Barriere P.W.C. ... —- Hendrix Creek F.D.R. Lac la Hache S.Y.U Quesnel Lake P.W.C 14.0 Barriere P.W.C. - North Thompson S.Y.U.... North Thompson S.Y.U Raft S.Y.U - Slok Creek F D.R. Yalakom S.Y.U - 35.7 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 Forest-road Programme, 1961—Continued 53 Project Regulation Unit Reconnaissance Location Construction Nelson Forest District Miles 2 Miles 37.7 4.5 Miles Kettle River F.D.R Kettle P.W.C. _ _ Flathead S.Y.U. 14.5 Lodgepole F.D.R. 13.3 White River F.D.R Upper Kootenay P.W.C. 28.9 452 2,990 305.6 990.0 179.5 349.6 Totals, forest-road programme, 1950-61 3,442 1,295.6 529.1 Other work connected with the day-to-day operations of the Service included the operation of marine and highway transport units, assistance to the districts in the location of fire access roads, and the provision of professional engineering services on various construction problems. Development Engineering The need for development engineering on an area concept continued to form an important part of this phase of the work. Three field crews carried out area studies and route reconnaissance on eight forest areas, encompassing some 7,361,000 acres of forest land with a current recoverable mature volume of 3V3 billion cubic feet. In the Prince Rupert District three area investigations were carried out on the Suskwa drainage, the Owikeno Lake area, and in the region of the confluence of the Babine and Skeena Rivers. In addition, an evaluation of the Francois-Tahtsa Lake Road, preliminary reconnaissance of the Upper Kiteen River, and route studies in the Quatlena River drainage for timber-sale appraisals were completed. An area study of the West Road River and Chilako River drainages in the Prince George Forest District was undertaken as a basis for planning primary development. Other work in this district included an appraisal of possible access to the Peace River dam flood area via Callazon Creek and Eauclaire Creek. Area studies in the Kamloops District were carried out in the valleys of the Raft and Blue Rivers, in the valley of the North Thompson River west of Albreda, and over an area centring on Bonaparte Lake. Development engineering in the Nelson Forest District included preliminary studies of the Duncan River valley and investigation of access for timber-sale development of forest stands west of Damfino Creek. The 1961 field season saw an increasing use of both fixed- and rotary-winged aircraft for transportation and area study. On the ground, crew mobility was increased by the use of light, portable, trail motor-cycles. Road Location During the field season 305 miles of road were laid out under the forest- development road programme. A reconstruction survey, complete with design and estimates, was run on an additional 38 miles of sub-standard road scheduled for improvement during the year. Assistance was also provided by engineering field crews in flagging out some 68 miles of protection and fire access roads. This work was done to assist district staffs at the time of the heavy fire-fighting load. Field parties were trained, organized, and provided with special equipment to enable them to give prompt service on this work when requested. 54 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Improvements are still being incorporated into the simplified survey and design procedures used on the lower-cost roads, and additional programming work on computers is being investigated with a view to further reducing the cost of this work. Construction Under a cost-sharing agreement with the Federal Government, increased funds were made available for forest-development road construction. Production figures, far exceeding any previous totals, were attained during 1961. The construction of 179 miles of road involved the clearing of 1,317 acres of right-of-way, the movement of 2,197,000 cubic yards of common excavation and 202,000 cubic yards of solid rock, the placement of 200,000 tons of crushed surfacing material, and the installation of 30,700 lineal feet of culvert material. The mileage of road completed is two and one-half times greater than the 1960 figure, while the volume of excavation is doubled. The proportionately greater increase in road mileage can be attributed to construction of a larger percentage of single-lane road, requiring less material movement per mile. The increased volume of solid rock, approximately eight times the amount moved in 1960, necessitated the use of larger-capacity heavy-duty equipment on several jobs. At Port Hardy, where rock ballast was used, nearly 100,000 cubic yards of quarry rock was drilled with a 4-inch track-mounted drill, powered by a 600-cubic-feet-per-minute air-compressor. Considerable weathered rock was encountered in the mountainous terrain traversed by the Slok, Cayoosh, and White River roads, and much of this material was economically handled with large tractors equipped with rear-mounted rippers. The weather was ideal for road construction during the spring and summer months and was an important factor contributing to the record production figures. Unfortunately, while it was conducive to road construction, it also produced one of the worst fire years on record, necessitating the transfer of some construction personnel and equipment to fire-fighting duties in late August and early September. For several weeks, construction was suspended on the Horsefly and Morice Roads as project equipment and personnel contributed to the maximum effort necessary to bring fires in these two areas under control. Construction personnel also assisted on fires in the Babine Lake and Prince George areas. The bridge-construction programme kept pace with the increase in road production. During the year six permanent timber and nine local-material bridges were erected. The largest was the Kootenay River bridge at Mile 44.8 on the White Rock Road near Canal Flats. This single-lane, permanent timber bridge consists of three main spans of 80 feet each, plus approach spans, giving an over-all length of 286 feet. The two main piers, located in the river, consist of steel H-piles driven into the rock with concrete caps supporting framed timber bents. Construction of this bridge was delayed until late in the season to take advantage of low water in the river, and special precautions were necessary to protect the fresh concrete in the piers from freezing and from damage by ice in the river. Maintenance on 348 miles of previously constructed road was mostly of a routine nature, but the problem of retaining an acceptable surface on the more heavily travelled roads is becoming more acute as the developed areas come into full production. As a first step in the use of stabilizing additives, a 6,000-foot test section on the Willow River Road was treated with calcium chloride and sodium chloride. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 55 NEW AREAS OF FOREST WEALTH MADE AVAILABLE BY FOREST DEVELOPMENT ROADS zooo- 750- 500 FOREST AREA 250 IN 1000 THOUSANDS 0F 750 ACRES 500- 250- 0- i i r 3280 2870 2460 FOREST 2050 AREA IN 1640 SQUARE 1230 MILES 820 410 0 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 TIME IN YEARS General Engineering Designs were completed for bridges of the pressure-creosoted glue-laminated girder type for the Tsulquate River on the Port Hardy-Georgie Lake Road, Mor- rissey Creek on the Lodgepole Road, the Kootenay River up-stream from Canal Flats, the Tsilcoh River on the Tezzeron Creek Road, Damfino Creek on the Kettle Road, and Horsefly River on the Horsefly-McKusky Road. Preliminary designs and estimates were made for bridges on the Chapman Lake, Kingcome River, Horsethief Creek, McDonnel Lake, Horsefly River, Chilliwack River, Purdon Lake, Cayoosh Creek, Barriere, Parsnip, and Kispiox Forest- development Road location surveys. Tentative sketches and rough estimates were made from reconnaissance data for a number of possible stream crossings in the Kitlope-Kimsquit region. Other design work included a crib-type retaining-wall of creosoted timber, a water-tank tower, and assistance in the design of a new warehouse. Soils staff, in addition to performing routine soil identifications and tests, made studies and recommendations relative to thicknesses of gravel surfacing and its stabilization by blending with clay. A portable power soil-auger outfit has been assembled and promises to be of great value for soil exploration for road, bridge, and building construction. Its initial trials have been in connection with a drainage study at Green Timbers nursery, building construction at the Forest Service Marine Station, and a foundation exploration for a bridge on the Horsefly River. General field survey work included an 8-mile transit traverse for timber-sale boundary control purposes on Wildhorse Creek, a site plan of Chatham Channel Ranger Station, layout of a small landing-strip at Boulder Creek, a detailed map of Mesachie Lake Forest Experiment Station, and ground-water investigations at Green Timbers. 56 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Engineering personnel were also assigned to a number of joint activities, including a study of truck-haul costs with Management Division and work on scarification operations in co-operation with Management Division and the districts. Job supervision was also provided for the construction of a sewage-disposal system at Aleza Lake Forest Experiment Station. MECHANICAL SECTION An examination of the statistics given in the accompanying mechanical equipment list will reveal a continued increase in the number of four-wheel-drive purchases, which now account for 46 per cent of the total number of motor-vehicles in use. Specialized fire-fighting tank-trucks have gradually diminished in number until there are only four left. The introduction of water-bombing techniques and the improved availability of heavier and more powerful tractors have caused significant changes in fire-fighting methods. This became evident during the past severe fire season, particularly on the larger fires. It is now feasible to construct fire access roads capable of handling four-wheel-drive truck traffic within reasonable time-limits and to delay the spread Forest Service Mechanical Equipment Type Total Units, Jan. 1, 1961 Removed from Service New Purchases Total Units, Dec. 31, 1961 Sedans _ _ Suburbans, station wagons, and sedan deliveries.. Small-type passenger-vehicles Panel deliveries _ Four-wheel-drive passenger types... Four-wheel drive %-ton pick-ups, etc Power-wagons — ^-ton pick-ups .„ — 34-ton pick-ups.. 14,000-24,000 G.V.W. trucks (2, 3, and 4 tons).. 24,000-40,000 G.V.W. trucks (heavy duty) Fire-fighting tank-trucks Trail motor-cycles Total vehicles . Tractors _ Graders Scrapers—self-propelled Scrapers—not self-propelled.. Shovels—Power Loaders—self-propelled Outboard motors. Fire pumps—various Fire pumps—portable tanker. Bean fire-fighting units (high pressure).. Borate mixer pumps Chain saws Lighting plants _ Snow sedan—propeller-driven.. Speeders—railway- Trailers—low-bed and high-bed Trailers—dwelling, bunk-house, etc— Trailers—miscellaneous Air-compressors Rock drills—gas-powered Muskeg and snow tractors (personnel carriers).. Yarders Crushing plants _ Mechanical wheelbarrows. Welders .. Cement-mixers _. Augers—power, planting . Fork lift truck—electric.— 40 98 30 64 85 248 20 128 46 53 5 5 822 38 16 4 2 2 1 362 817 35 34 2 375 92 1 20 10 139 177 4 9 8 1 1 22 9 6 3 1 5 7 1 7 15 24 4 22 15 3 4 1 4 12 2 6 20 39 9 13 16 5 2 108 | 132 1 26 38 1 66 4 7 3 5 1 1 38 53 25 26 7 8 25 1 39 103 31 63 90 263 25 118 47 55 3 4 5 846 41 15 4 2 2 1 374 832 59 34 2 333 95 1 14 7 142 201 5 8 10 1 1 22 9 6 4 1 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 57 of the fires by water bombing while this work is proceeding. Improved access permits the use of heavier equipment on the fire-line; for example, pumps need no longer be of the light-weight two-cycle type. As a result of these changes, the Forest Service purchased two large " trash " pumpers of 3-inch discharge to load bentonite into aircraft, six 150-pound fourcycle high-pressure pumps, and eight low-pressure fairly heavy units for filling tank-trucks. The Service also purchased two large-capacity high-pressure trailer-mounted pumping units. Each is powered by a six-cylinder Chrysler engine driving a gear pump which will keep as many as six hose-lines well supplied. These units are well suited to fighting troublesome sawdust-pile fires as they can produce a large volume of water at low pressure, whereas the standard two-cycle high-pressure light-weight fire-pump is ill suited to such work. Chain-saw purchases remain light, being confined mostly to the replacement of old and outdated models. There is a continuous demand for more outboard motors as cruise and patrol areas increase in size. Innovations in water-propulsion methods, such as V-drives, Z-drives, jet drives, and air-screw drives, all continue to receive attention, with the jet drive apparently offering the greatest possibilities, particularly in shallow-water conditions such as found in many Interior rivers. The trail motor-cycle is one new item of transportation interest. These units have a maximum speed varying from 14 to 18 miles per hour and are very simple in design. After watching demonstrations of different designs, a selection was made and five of one type purchased. These motor-cycle units are for trail work only and will not be licensed for highway travel. They have since been used on reconnaissance, lookout-trail survey work, and for travel between railway speeder and logging camp where the railway speeder is the only road link. They were received very well wherever they were used, and requests for more are anticipated. The Mechanical Section has initiated improved methods of outboard-motor and fire-pump testing. For the outboard motors, it is hoped eventually to have test tanks established at suitable locations throughout the Province, and special test propellers will be used to check the operation of each unit. Results so obtained can be compared with factory figures that have been compiled under similar test conditions. Special test instruments will be used by each District Mechanical Supervisor to check revolutions per minute, fuel-flow, cylinder compression, etc. For pumps, a testing unit will be used which is designed to show the maximum pressure at which each pump can deliver a minimum fire-fighting stream. The difference between the maximum pressure shown on the pump gauge and the 25 pounds per square inch at 8 gallons per minute, which is deemed to constitute a minimum stream, will be the pump's effective pressure. The system, it is hoped, will provide information not only to the mechanical staff, but also, being entered in the tool-box record, will be of value to the Ranger or pump operator when assessing the value of any particular pump for the job in hand as the effective pressure represents power to overcome either elevation or friction loss or any combination of both. The light-weight portable fire-fighting tank units designed by the Forest Service have now been in operation for three years. Of the few modifications made, the latest and perhaps the most popular was the change to a " live " reel. The field staff appear to be unanimously in approval of the tank and pump in its present form, and requests have been received for an additional thirty-five units. 58 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS The mechanical staff give a portion of their time to the promotion of safety practices in the driving and operation of Forest Service equipment. Twenty-seven men were given instruction in trailer-handling. Each man received two days in trailer-towing education. As in the past, various bulletins and safety instructional literature were circulated from this office, and the Assistant Superintendent continues as the Forest Service representative on the Accident and Safety Committee. BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION A significant amount of time was devoted to the redesign of standard Ranger station buildings, primarily for the purpose of improving accommodation without increasing costs. A new design for a three-bedroom residence was completed and one building erected. The design of the flat-roof office constructed at Dawson Creek last year has been adopted as a standard, and buildings of similar structure were built at four locations, However, cladding materials varied on the different buildings. Preliminary drawings for a warehouse to be built in conjunction with this new-type office have been produced, and on final approval will complete the redesign project. A significant portion of the work during the year involved renovations and extensions to existing buildings and services to provide for the changing operational needs. The supervision of construction crews employed a considerable part of the staff's field time, along with the usual contract inspections. In view of a continuing need for fully portable accommodation, the following trailers were designed and constructed, or purchased:— Trailer Type Used by : District or Division New 18' living (two) Project crews Kamloops. 18' living Project crews Nelson. 20' living Project crews Research. Used— 30' bunk-houses (two)____ Survey crews Surveys and Inventory. 30' driver Survey crews Surveys and Inventory. 33' living Survey crews Surveys and Inventory. 31' living Survey crews Surveys and Inventory. Major projects undertaken by the Section during the year are outlined in the following table:— Building Construction Undertaken during 1961 Location Project Construction Agency Progress Carry-over of 1960/61 Programme Aleza Lake Aleza Lake . Boston Bar_ Chilliwack River- Duncan Kamloops- Lund Port Hardy Ootsa Lake Vancouver Vancouver Vanderhoof Various points- Residence. Bunk-house.. Residence Garage- Soil-shed Bunk-house- Floats Trailer camp Boat-house and ways- Water supply-line Breakwater . Office extension.. Porta-buildings (five)_ Forest Service- Forest Service- Forest Service- Forest Service Forest Service. Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service. Forest Service. Contract- Forest Service- Forest Service- Completed. Completed. Completed. Completed. Completed. Completed. Completed. Completed. Destroyed. Work proceeding. Completed. Completed. Completed. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 59 Building Construction Undertaken during 1961—Continued Location Project Construction Agency Progress 1961/62 Programme Aleza Lake.. Aleza Lake.. Beaverdell— Campbell River.. Cayoosh Creek— Chetwynd Cranbrook. Damfino Creek- Duncan nursery- Duncan nursery- Fort Nelson Green Timbers Green Timbers.... Green Timbers... Hazelton Horsefly.. Lower Post Mesachie Lake- Morice River Nanaimo. Penticton Prince George.. Quesnel Tochcha Tofino Vancouver.... Vancouver- Vancouver.— Vanderhoof- Various localities- Various nurseries.. Williams Lake Sewage system- Electrical distribution- Office building Office building- Construction camp- Residence Cold-storage building- Construction camp Soil-shed Cone-shed Residence Residence (addition)- Cold-storage building- Soil-shed Office building- Construction camp- Warehouse Street-lighting- Construction camp.... Heating installation- Office extension Heating installation- Office extension Construction camp— Garage.. Storeage warehouse- Alterations—prefabricated building, Forest Service Marine Station Dredging, Forest Service Marine Station- Heating installation. Wiring distribution system (three).. Irrigation systems (four) Office building Forest Service Contract Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service- Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service- Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service Contract Forest Service- Contract Forest Service Contract Forest Service. Forest Service Forest Service. Forest Service Contract- Contract- Contract- Forest Service Forest Service Forest Service Completed. Tenders called. Work proceeding. Work proceeding. Completed. Work proceeding. Work proceeding. Completed. Work proceeding. Work proceeding. Work proceeding. Work proceeding. Design proceeding. Design proceeding. Work proceeding. Completed. Work proceeding. Work proceeding. Completed. Completed. Design completed. Completed. Completed. Completed. Completed. Design proceeding. Completed. Completed. Completed. Completed. Work proceeding. Work proceeding. Marine Design Considerable time was spent during the first half of the year in supervision of the construction of the new Ranger vessel " Hecate Ranger," which has now been completed to the deck-line, including the installation of the engine. On completion of the " take apart" raft, mentioned in the 1960 Report and first used in transporting heavy road-building equipment across Babine Lake, careful loading calculations were carried out to ensure that loads of up to 42 tons would be accurately placed in order to safeguard personnel and equipment alike. Field- erection reports indicate that the " building block " features of this design exceeded expectations as regards assembly time. The launch " Forest Surveyor" was the subject of inclining and rolling tests carried out by an independent naval architect to determine the advisability of increasing her accommodation by the addition of a pilot-house above the existing superstructure. The launch " Salt Mist," stationed at Prince Rupert, was surveyed by an independent marine surveyor to assess her ability to continue operating in the exposed waters of Hecate Strait. Cautious evaluation of the jet-propulsion principle for Forest Service use continued this year with the design and construction of a second 26-foot river-type boat with jet propulsion. A larger 30-foot river-type boat has been designed to assist in the location and building of forest roads in the Rocky Mountain Trench. Following the trend to larger, transom-driven propulsion units, the launch " Whitesail" is to be re-equipped with a unit capable of absorbing the full power 60 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS of her engine, which, alternatively, drives an underwater jet unit when operating in debris-choked waters along the shores of the Ootsa Lake system. Two marine units were transferred to the Forest Service by the Department of Highways after being declared surplus to requirements by that Department. The wooden shallow-draught tug " Clayhurst" has been taken into reserve pending clarification of the requirements of several large forest projects now under consideration. The wooden scow formerly used as the Denman Island Ferry was superficially renovated and, as described elsewhere, was towed to Smith Inlet to serve as a floating Assistant Ranger station. A large diesel outboard propulsion unit of 165 horse-power was purchased, in a used condition, to power the Quesnel Lake vehicle-barge " L.C. 9 " as a follow- up measure to further increase her usefulness. Forest Museum Following the retirement of the honorary curator of the Forest Museum, the Assistant Construction Superintendent was appointed to carry on in the same capacity. The museum, which is still in an embryo state, looks forward to the day when permanent quarters may be found to house its treasures. In the meantime, the receipt of valuable and interesting artifacts, relics, and documents pertaining to forest endeavour continues at an encouraging rate, and all such gifts are acknowledged, catalogued, and stored. FOREST SERVICE MARINE STATION Repeating the pattern established in 1960, the Marine Station was used as an assembly and shipping point for fire-fighting equipment and supplies during the emergency which developed during the summer. As a consequence, the regular work programme suffered to some extent. However, the advantages derived from having a well-trained staff and good handling facilities available when the need arose far outweighed all other considerations. Marine Work The marine ways were occupied sixty-eight times during the year. Thirty-nine major launch overhauls and twenty-nine smaller jobs were completed on other craft. Seventy outboard cruisers, river-boats, dinghies, and similar small boats were either repaired or rebuilt. Alterations and repairs were made on the barge " L.C. 6," converting the craft from a self-propelled unit to a towed heliport. This conversion proved very successful, and use of the craft has already increased appreciably the value of helicopters for Coast survey work. Increased use of barges and landing-craft appears inevitable as Forest Service activity accelerates on both coastal and inland waters under the impetus of the forest-management programme. The Service now has nine barges and landing- craft, the newest being the " take apart " equipment raft " L.C. 8," which was completed and shipped to Babine Lake to haul road-construction equipment for the Tochcha Road project. The Quesnel Lake equipment raft, now called the " L.C. 9," was repowered by a diesel-driven Harbourmaster unit during the year to improve her usefulness. A former ferry scow, " L.C. 7," obtained from the Department of Highways, was given extensive repairs and modified to provide a floating Ranger station for use on Smith Inlet in the Prince Rupert Forest District. This reconstruction job involved the fabrication of a 24- by 10-foot aluminum storage REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 61 building on the after deck, securing Porta-building No. 65 to the deck to provide living-quarters, and installing the necessary water, plumbing, and electrical connections. New boat construction was restricted to one 18-foot outboard cruiser, four 30-foot river-boats, one 26-foot jet craft, and two dinghies. However, supervision was provided during the construction of the hull for the new 60-foot patrol vessel which is being built under contract for use in the Prince Rupert Forest District. Prefabrication and Carpenter-shop The carpenter-shop completed three lookout buildings and five Porta-buildings during the year. Ten lookout buildings were still under construction at the year's end. A great number of miscellaneous specialty items were manufactured, including 40 pieces of office furniture, 10 pieces of lookout furniture, 22 test and portable tanks, 250 tool and equipment boxes, 48 instrument-cases, and 75 pairs of carrying- handles. A programme of repairs and reconstruction for the older trailers was also carried out, including three units rebuilt and four units renovated. Staff from the shop were used for maintenance of the station to a .significant extent in 1961. Major alterations were made to the carpenter-shop, new storage bins were built in the machine-shop, and a new building for outboard testing was constructed. Machine-shop The machine-shop had an extremely busy year, resulting from two severe fire seasons in a row. Many hours of overtime were worked in order to repair and return to service, with a minimum of delay, badly needed pumping units and outboard motors. In all, 295 pumps, 97 outboard motors, 60 chain saws, and 33 lighting plants were overhauled. In addition to repair work, the staff tested and shipped 139 new pumps, outboard motors, chain saws, and lighting plants; machined over 2,000 pump fittings; coupled 40,000 feet of discharge hose and 120 suction hoses; produced 12 hand- winches; and built 25 portable pump-tank units. RADIO SECTION New radio transmitting units acquired during the year amounted to 248, the second highest total recorded to date. These consisted of the following types:— . , , Radio Purchases and Write-offs, 1961 A.M.— Portable 39 Fixed station 13 Marine 13 Mobile 4 Total purchases, A.M. 69 F.M.— Portable 137 Fixed station 17 Mobile 25 Total purchase, F.M 179 Total purchases, all types 248 Written off during year 18 Net increase, 1961 230 62 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS The net increase of 298 units last year plus those purchased during 1961 did much to bring the concentration of fire portables to the point where an adequate number of sets would be available in a favourable fire season. Several Department of Transport specifications were issued during the year, of which one vitally affects future Forest Service communications in the F.M. field. Known as Specification 126, this new ruling confines modulation to one-third of that now in use and places other stations much closer to our channels than heretofore. The net result will be the modification of all F.M. units in the Province over the next three to five years. Equipment innovations during the past twelve months include an F.M. portable containing a completely transistorized receiver and a marine high-power A.M. unit of 150 watts almost completely transistorized while being nearly double the power of approved marine sets used to date. In the Prince Rupert District the fire situation in the Bella Coola Valley, where communication was at a minimum, necessitated the emergency installation of a complete F.M. network, which greatly improved fire-fighting facilities in that area. The multiplicity of fires in the Interior during the summer showed up the lack of portable units, and a considerable number of these were purchased and used to good effect. The ever-present uncertainty of radio propagation between Prince Rupert and outlying stations such as Bella Coola, Atlin, and Dease Lake was still in evidence throughout the year, though to a lesser extent due to the decline in the sunspot cycle. The introduction of the new transistorized 150-watt A.M. transmitters and the use of the new Forest Service frequency of 5262 kilocycles also contributed to a general improvement. No significant changes in communication occurred in the Prince George District, except that the severe demands of fires necessitated the purchase of additional fire portables, both A.M. and F.M. On the large fires it was found necessary to use the A.M. portables almost exclusively as the range of the F.M. units was insufficient. Electric generator-powered units were found to be necessary from fire to district headquarters on the more distant fires. With the capacity of the entire radio system extended beyond its limits by fire traffic, it was necessary to adapt the headquarters radio station to meet emergency conditions. In spite of efforts to this end, a bottleneck was caused by the remoteness of the transmitter-site with respect to the office, the single operator, and the concentration of all equipment in one room. As a result of this experience, plans were laid to move the entire station into the Government Building at the earliest date possible. During the year, Prince George was connected directly to Victoria by F.M. via a new repeater at Dragon Mountain. Tabor Mountain repeater was burned out but was quickly replaced in the new lookout building. In the Kamloops District, Penticton was permanently brought into the F.M. network by an additional repeater at Okanagan Camp-site, working into a remote installation on Campbell Mountain. Lytton and Lillooet were again serviced by a temporary repeater on Botanie Mountain, leaving only Princeton and Merritt still on A.M. in this area. A survey was carried out from Missezula Mountain, and preliminary tests indicated that this repeater-site will connect Princeton and perhaps Merritt with Kamloops via the F.M. circuit. In the north, Alexis Creek was connected to Kamloops via a battery repeater at Alec Graham Lookout, working into Timothy repeater. No means has so far been found to provide communication from Kamloops to Clearwater and Blue River. Increased use was made of F.M. fire-line portables and temporary repeaters, the majority of fires having been provided with communication by V.H.F. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 63 With several extensive sections of the Nelson District still on A.M., surveys were made of the Slocan-Nakusp areas, Kaslo, Lardeau, and Fernie. No suitable repeater-site was found for Slocan north to Nakusp, but a probable site was found for a repeater covering Kaslo, with Lardeau being still out of range. It was determined that a repeater was impractical for Fernie, and plans were made to bury a remote line up Morrissey Mountain, with all Fernie Ranger Station equipment to be operated from the summit. This arrangement will provide communication between the lookouts and Fernie by F.M. for the first time. To the west, tests at Greenwood showed the need for remote control of Greenwood equipment to a chosen site on high ground nearby, permitting communication to Kettle Valley, Nelson, and all lookouts in the area. In the field of A.M., the majority of obsolete P.A.C. units was replaced by Specification 116-approved 25-watt units with good results. Four-watt F.M. portables were tested under working conditions and were found to have considerable superiority over standard 1-watt models. The Nelson network functioned well throughout the year, with extra maintenance being supplied by two Victoria technicians. In the Vancouver District, the supply of fire portables was increased considerably, three motor-vessels were supplied with the new 150-watt transistorized marine units, and three Ranger stations north of Seymour Narrows were equipped with the same sets designed for A.C. operation. Propagation surveys were conducted at Mission, Pitt and Stave Lakes, Hope, Pemberton, and at points between Campbell River and Port Hardy. Except at Pemberton, where no adequate repeater-site could be found, plans have been laid to extend V.H.F. to Hope via a repeater at Sumas Mountain, to points north-west of Campbell River by means of Newcastle Mountain repeater, and to Pitt and Stave Lakes by remote control of Mission radio station to the top of Silver Hill. The use of higher-power generator-operated sets for communication between fire base camp and Ranger station continued with the purchase of extra units during the fire season. The large number of fires occurring simultaneously during the summer and the essential use of district technicians on fires to organize the communications caused a complete disruption of radio maintenance in several districts. Additional maintenance was provided from Victoria throughout the summer, disrupting, in turn, plans for a number of important V.H.F. propagation surveys. In spite of the inevitable change of plans, a number of repeater-site tests were carried out by the Victoria section, though it was necessary to spend less time on each area and to work well on into September and October, when the information obtained was less reliable. The experimental establishment, in 1960, of No. 2 F.M. circuit from Victoria through Kamloops to Prince George was made permanent in 1961 and has been in operation for most of the year. This circuit received a great deal of use but suffered from unreliability, being vulnerable in any one of five repeaters. It was planned to place a stand-by unit at each site, tone-controlled from Victoria, but only one repeater and the control mechanism were completed during the year. Laboratory work for the period included testing of new commercial types, assembly of modular units into various finished sets to suit the intended use, and prototype modification of standard equipment to meet the requirements of Specification 126 mentioned earlier in this report. 64 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS FOREST PROTECTION WEATHER The 1961 fire season was significant for the intensity of the cumulative drying, or " build-up," through July and August over all but the Nelson Forest District, with the most severe conditions developing over the northern part of the Interior plateau. Frequent lightning-storms and strong gusty winds compounded the problems at many locations throughout this region. According to the April 1st Snow Survey Bulletin, high-level snow courses indicated average or above snow-pack, except for the North Thompson drainage, which was below normal. However, at lower levels a mild winter resulted in below average snow cover and a relatively high snow-line. April was normal in most respects, although the south Coast was deficient in sunshine. Rainfall was generally deficient along the north Coast, except locally at Prince Rupert, where 4 inches above normal was reported. As a result, Prince Rupert Forest District experienced a number of pre-season fires late in the month. The first two weeks of May were cloudy and cool, followed by one dry week and one week of unsettled condition, resulting in near normal temperatures and near normal or slightly deficient sunshine for the month. The rainfall pattern was complex, with the northern Mainland Coast and Big Bend area receiving less than 50 per cent of normal, while parts of the south Coast and the north Central Interior received more than 200 per cent of normal. June rainfall was close to normal in the Prince George Forest District, but rainfall was deficient elsewhere in the Province, particularly to the east of the Coast Mountains. Scattered lightning-storms started a number of fires during the second half of the month along the eastern edge of the Province. Sunshine was generally close to normal in the northern forest districts and above normal in the south. Strong winds associated with thunder-storm activity on the 18th and 19th of June gave trouble in some districts. Rainfall continued to be deficient in the Vancouver and Kamloops Forest Districts through July, and the draught extended into the Prince Rupert and Prince George Districts. Most of the rain that was recorded along the Coast and over the southern districts fell in one storm on July 5th and 6th. The sunshine pattern was reversed from June with near normal values in the south and above normal values to the north. A severe lightning-storm about mid-month was responsible for close to 200 fires, mostly in the Nelson Forest District. Further lightning-storms were reported over the Province on eleven of the last sixteen days in the month. Dry weather continued into August, except for a minor storm about mid-month and another toward the end of the month. Exceptionally strong winds caused fires to reach major proportions at Prince George on the 4th and 5th and in the Quesnel Lake area on the 24th. Lightning-storms occurred on ten days during August. The prolonged " build-up " in many areas dried fuels to an unusual depth, and this resulted in many fires continuing to burn strongly all night, which frequently combined with night-time down-slope winds to produce abnormal fire behaviour. Deciduous growth was reported in some sections of the Coast to be completely dried out and, in certain cases, killed. September was sunny along the northern Coast and near normal elsewhere. The rainfall pattern was irregular but generally above normal, although there were extended dry periods, which permitted good slash burns in the Vancouver Forest REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 65 District. The largest fires in the Kamloops District occurred in the Okanagan area late this month and in early October. A return to wetter conditions by mid-October made it possible to end the fire season by Order in Council at midnight on October 16th. FIRES Occurrence and Causes During the year, 3,102 fires were recorded, exclusive of railroad-tie fires. This is a new record, exceeding by forty-four fires the former record year of 1958, when 3,058 fires were reported, exclusive of the railway category. A modification in the recording of fire statistics was introduced in 1961. Those fires which occur on the actual graded area of railways, and do not require control measures past the ends of the ties, are now classified as " railroad-tie fires." They are entered separately under this heading in all forest-fire tables and are not included in any other totals as they are classified generally as non-statistical fires. This statistical revision alters the pattern of some protection tables. For example, the former trend indicated that the greatest single cause of fires was from operating railways, but elimination of railroad-tie fires from statistics now drops fires from this cause down to fifth place. (For further details see Table 45 in the Appendix.) A further example of the effect of this amendment seeking a more realistic picture is the change in fire occurrence by forest districts. The Vancouver Forest District formerly led the Province with nearly 40 per cent of the total fires, but it also had the lion's share of the railroad-tie fires. With these excluded, the Vancouver District is now in third place with less than 20 per cent of the total fires. Fire Occurrence during Ten-year Percentage Forest District Period, 1952-61 of All B.C. Vancouver1 3,556 19.3 Prince Rupert 1,228 6.7 Prince George 2,563 13.9 Kamloops 7,009 38.0 Nelson '. 4,080 22.1 Totals 18,436 100.0 l Excludes 6,309 non-statistical railroad-tie fires. Cost of Fire-fighting This year's fire-fighting bill of $4,395,000 raises the average annual cost of fire suppression from 1958 to 1961, inclusive, to $3,647,000. Three factors contribute directly to this high cost of fire-fighting:— (1) There has been a succession of hot summers with low humidities and high winds. (2) The modern tendency to rely on mechanical aid from tractors, transport tankers, aircraft, etc., to support the fire-fighting labour force has added materially to the over-all cost of fire-fighting. Actually, fire-suppression technique is gradually developing into a mechanical project, supported and aided by man-power if and when necessary. This added cost can be afforded if the damage to the forests can be reduced through a smaller burned-over acreage. 66 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS (3) Fire costs increase through the normal day-to-day inflationary processes, which keep adding a few cents periodically to the price of materials and services. (See Tables 37, 50, and 52a of the Appendix for further details.) Damage The one bright spot in the " damage " tables is the relatively light losses to property other than forests as a result of forest fires. Normally this figure is composed of values placed on forest products cut or manufactured and logging-camp or mill buildings and equipment destroyed by forest fires. While the losses in 1961 are 12 per cent higher than the average of the past ten years, they are encouragingly low in spite of the intensity of the hazard and the acreage of burned-over forest land, which this year, at 1,227,159 acres, is almost three times the ten-year average. Although other factors are involved, some recognition has to be given to increased awareness and alertness of logging operators to the danger from fire. Even under the very extreme conditions favourable to fire outbreak and spread, the loss to property other than forests has been kept within a reasonable figure. The same extreme weather which accounted for the large area of forest land burned over resulted in a record net stumpage loss of $5,992,000 and an amount of $12,821,000 as a figure for total damage to forest-cover. A normal fire season usually produces a forest-floor condition of dryness in immature, semi-open, or open timber stands, with a reasonable amount of moisture recovery or retention in the dense mature types where fires could be held. But the drought winds of 1961 evaporated all moisture, even in the heavily timbered stands, and fires consequently consumed mature-timber areas as readily as the timber stands of less immediate market value. (See Table 49, Parts I and II, of Appendix.) FIRE-CONTROL PLANNING AND RESEARCH Fire Atlas and Statistics Ledgers Fires are currently being plotted on the Provincial Fire Atlas and basic information entered in the fire statistics ledgers. The Provincial Fire Atlas has now been combined with the Fire Classification Atlas, thereby reducing the plotting work load and providing a more complete single reference medium. Within the next year it is planned to catch up on the plotting backlog and be in the position to plot and enter fire data concurrently as fire reports are received throughout the fire season, and have all data available for reference by the end of each year. A start was made this year in entering fire data on summary coding sheets for mechanical tabulation carding. The summaries for the 1960 fires have been completed this year, and in this programme it is planned to both maintain these summaries concurrently as fire reports are received and to eventually summarize the previous thirty years' files of available fire reports. Visibility Mapping and Lookout Photography A very limited three-week programme of field work was carried out during September in the Kamloops and Prince George Forest Districts. Five points were examined and visibility-mapped, and panoramic lookout photographs were taken at four established lookouts. report of forest service, 1961 67 Fuel-moisture Sticks Some 686 sets of fuel-moisture indicator sticks were manufactured in 1961, with the forest industry absorbing 433 of this number. The use of the kiln and laboratory facilities and the assistance provided at the Forest Products Laboratory, Canada Department of Forestry, University of British Columbia, is gratefully acknowledged. Snag-falling Projects As part of the fire-protection programme of reducing the snag hazard in areas of immature forest and old burn in the Vancouver Forest District, six snag-falling contracts were awarded in 1961, comprising a total area of 11,748 acres. In this programme there has been an increasing trend in the acreage of snag-falling done on a co-operative cost-sharing basis with logging companies, where both private and Crown lands may be involved. Fire-weather Records and Investigations Fire-danger tables developed by the Forest Research Branch, Canada Department of Forestry, were distributed early in the season and tested in all five forest districts. It has not yet been possible to analyse the effectiveness of the new rating system, but preliminary indications are favourable, at least for the Coastal tables. A position for a full-time forest assistant to work on fire weather was established early in the season. Through the co-operation of the Meteorological Branch of the Canada Department of Transport, a short training period in meteorological observing has been provided the incumbent. During the year, work was completed by the Division's meteorologist as chairman of a working group on " Forecasting for Forest Fire Services," for the World Meteorological Organization, and a draft report prepared for publication by that organization. Papers were presented at the Second Canadian Hydrology Symposium on Evaporation in Toronto, at the Conference of Fire Weather Meteorologists in Portland, and at the Fourth Forest Fire Research Conference in Nanaimo. Lectures on fire weather were provided at the Forest Service Ranger School and at the University of British Columbia. Investigations of the behaviour of local winds are continuing. A detailed study of the paths taken by fresh maritime air around Vancouver Island has been completed for one particularly interesting situation. One week was spent near Prince George on the " Grove " fire, obtaining first-hand information on wind effects on a large fire, and a further week was spent in the field studying the meteorological aspects of blow-down. Detailed wind summaries have been completed for lookout fire-weather stations in the Vancouver Forest District. An attempt was made this season to provide, on request, specialized fire- weather forecasts for specific areas in the Vancouver Forest District in connection with accidental fires and slash burns. The limited use that was made of this procedure during the past season was not sufficient to form any firm opinion of the value of such a service. FIRE-SUPPRESSION CREWS A record total of 335 fires was attended by sixteen suppression crews of ten men each, located in hazardous areas throughout the Province. Even with the hazard as critical as experienced this year, 73 per cent of the fires fought by these crews were held to a size less than 1 acre. Only 7.5 per cent of the fires fought by suppression crews exceeded 50 acres. 68 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Analysis of Suppression-crew Fire-fighting Activities, 1961 Size of Fire when Attacked Number of Fires Subsequent Spread (by Number of Fires) V4 Acre or Less Over Vi Acre to 1 Acre Overt Acre to 5 Acres Over 5 Acres to 50 Acres Over 50 Acres Spot (up to Vi acre) Over Vi acre and up to 1 acre Over 1 acre and up to 5 acres Over 5 acres and up to 50 acres.. Over 50 acres.. Totals . 214 44 38 25 14 198 335 198 11 36 1 8 33 3 17 1 2 8 14 AIRCRAFT The use of aircraft for protection and fire suppression continued to increase, although the number of hours flown under the fixed-wing contracts declined slightly. Pacific Western Airlines, Skyway Air Services, and Okanagan Helicopters all held contracts for various types of aircraft. This year the Kamloops and Nelson Forest Districts did not have a helicopter under contract as it was found that machines were available locally when required. Contract Flying, Fixed-wing Aircraft, 1961 Forest District Base Type of Aeroplane Hours Flown Vancouver.. Vancouver Beaver _ __ 320 335 956 Kamloops .__ Nelson Beaver (2) 587 Nelson Beaver 494 Total - 2,692 Contract Flying, Helicopters, 1961 Forest District Base Type of Helicopter Hours Flown Hitler 12-E 80 Hiller 12-E Hitler 12-E 101 Peace River and Prince George Nil Nil . 783 Kamloops ~ ... Nil Nil Nil Nil Total 964 The severity of the fire season and the large number of lightning-caused fires called for an expanded use of aircraft, particularly helicopters. A total of 4,170 hours was logged by helicopters on fire reconnaissance, transporting men and supplies, and for protection administration. The number of hours logged by bombers dropped by 50 per cent, due mainly to aircraft not being available early in the season. Very effective use was made of this fire-fighting aid when the machines were available at the various centres. An improved bentonite with the addition of a bright-coloured dye improved the bombing accuracy of successive drops, and also made it possible to better assess the effectiveness of the bombing. A new thickening agent called " Keflex " was experimentally used and shows some promise. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 69 Aerial bombing is credited with holding many fires to a very small area. It is also recognized that the bombing of forest fires is only effective in certain cases, but when used properly it can be a very good additional tool in fire suppression. The Husky aircraft was again used successfully in two forest districts where there are numerous small lakes. The loss of the Martin Mars bomber and the entire crew of four men was a severe blow to the logging industry on the Coast. Use of Fixed-wing Aircraft in Fire-fighting, 1961 District Reconnaissance Transportation of Men and Supplies Water Bombing Total Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost Vancouver _. 197 175 510 885 58 $14,895 11,665 16,000 64,032 1,056 160 856 295 124 $13,309 59,567 25,563 9,300 50 484 360 134 39 $5,839 72,262 77,000 40,959 6,473 407 1,515 1,165 1,143 97 $34,043 143,494 118,563 114,291 Nelson 1961. I960.. 7,529 Totals, 1,825 |$107,648 1,435 $107,739 1,067 [$202,533 4,327 $417,920 Totals, 729 1 $45,031 696 $53,861 2,126 $366,745 3,551 $465,637 Use of Helicopters in Fire-fighting, 1961 Forest District Reconnaissance Transportation of Men and Supplies Water Bombing Total Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost Hours Cost 113 24 225 240 53 $12,707 2,487 24,790 27,225 6,095 1,020 $111,952 3 1,133 404 609 737 323 $124,659 377 40.759 324 43,570 384 I 39,362 497 52,325 270 1 31,222 64,152 79,550 37,317 Totals, 1961 655 214 $73,304 2,548 [$275,620 3 $324 3,206 $349,248 Totals, 1960 $22,313 1,548 ($184,192 1,762 $206,505 ROADS AND TRAILS Opening up old abandoned roads and the construction of new roads for forest- protection purposes is continuing, with over 2,200 miles being constructed or maintained during the season. The number of miles of trail continues to show a decrease as more trails are converted into four-wheel-drive roads. Construction of Protection Roads and Trails, 1961 light Medium Heavy Total Miles 48.2 989.6 Miles 120.6 643.8 Miles 111.6 302.6 Miles 280.4 1,936.0 1,037.8 764.4 414.2 2,216.4 9.0 281.2 25.5 103.0 23.7 78.5 58.2 462.7 Total trail construction and maintenance 290.2 128.5 102.2 520.9 SLASH-DISPOSAL AND SNAG-FALLING Voluntary closures of woods operations during July and compulsory closures during August over most of the Vancouver Forest District somewhat disrupted slash- 70 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS disposal schedules in logging plans. On many operations, logging could not be completed in time to obtain effective abatement of hazard, resulting in a large carryover of slash with attendant increased fire potential in 1962. However, other operators who were in a position to take advantage of the excellent slash-burning conditions obtained satisfactory disposal and maintained their slash-disposal on a current basis. Statistical data on slash-disposal and snag-falling in Vancouver District will be found in Tables 39 to 43, inclusive, in the Appendix. Once again, as shown in Appendix Table 43, the acreage abated by broadcast burning exceeded that abated by spot burning. To some extent this trend is due to burning for silvicultural purposes, preparing high-site areas for regeneration and to delay the invasion of deciduous cover and other undesirable species. It is hoped that this trend will continue in order to combat the increasing acreage of insufficiently stocked high-site land. The large damage figures shown in Appendix Table 43 can be largely attributed to two major slash-burn escapes which resulted from unforeseen high winds in combination with logging methods wherein inadequate hazard abatement allowed fire to funnel from one slash area to another, causing very rapid spread of fire and preventing prompt and adequate counter-actions. It is of interest to note, from the statistics on accidental fires in Vancouver Forest District in 1961, that some eight major fires occurred on areas where un- burned slash contributed considerably to rapid spreading and was a major factor in delaying control of the fires. In each case, effective control measures could not be taken until the areas of slash were consumed. These occurrences emphasize the necessity of sustaining an adequate slash-disposal programme in the Vancouver District. In addition to the snag-falling done by the logging industry in Vancouver District, Protection Division felled 8,058 acres under contracts (1,364 acres of which were on a cost-sharing basis on private lands), and Reforestation Division crews felled snags on 2,050 acres in Vancouver District. FIRE-LAW ENFORCEMENT The total number of prosecutions under Part XI of the Forest Act was exactly equal to the ten-year average of fifty-eight, but there is a change in the trend of the type of violation. In an extremely heavy fire year such as 1961, when a large number of fire-fighters are impressed from other industries, a proportionate increase in the number of prosecutions for failing to render assistance in fire-fighting may be expected. But one encouraging improvement is the decreasing number of prosecutions for failing to maintain proper fire-protection equipment. Details of prosecutions may be found in Table 53 in the Appendix. FOREST CLOSURES Of the twenty-two forest closures ordered to prevent fires starting in recreational areas, twenty-one were in the Nelson Forest District. The other order closed the Sukunka and Red Willow Rivers, in the Peace River Block, during the last three weeks in August. General closures were effective mostly for short periods in six zones in the Vancouver Forest District, while restricted industrial closures were necessary over Eastern Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland periodically during August. For the last three weeks in August, a restricted industrial closure was also in effect in that part of the Prince George District west of the Rocky Mountains. In all, thirty closures were imposed. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 Forest Closures, 1961 71 Area Forest District Type of Closure Effective Date Termination Date Zones 1,2, 7, 8,9, and 10- Zona 1—Vancouver Island- Zone 2—Vancouver Island- Zones 7, 8,9, and 10—Mainland- Prince George Forest District west of Rocky Mountains Area No. 11—Tiger, Cambridge, Gorge, Ryan, McAlister, and Casino Creeks. Area No. 13—Blueberry, Poupore, Sullivan, Johnson, Murphy, McNally, Hanna, and Topping Creeks. Area No. 16—St. Mary River- Area No. 29—Boundary Creek- Area No. 32—Ingram Creek- Area No. 37—Conkle, Ed James, Johnstone, and Jolly Creeks Area No. 40—Big Sheep Creek- Area No. 43—Ladybird and Norns (Pass) Creeks Area No. 50—Area between Westkettle and Kettle Rivers north of Westbridge. Area No. 60—Portion of Boundary Creek, including Norwegian, McCarron, Porter, Lind, Twin, Providence, Glenside, and Col- tern Creeks Sukunka and Red Willow Rivers Area No. 57—Main Kettle River Area No. 1—Sheep Creek Area No. 2—Erie Creek. Area No. 6—Hidden Creek Area No. 7—Five Mile and Anderson Creeks- Area No. 8—Porcupine Creek._ Area No. 12—South Fork of Salmo River- Area No. 17—Pend-d'Oreille River Area No. 20—Champion Lakes and Marsh, Hudu, and Beavervale Creeks Area No. 58—Smoky, Falls, Garrity, and Smallwood (Bear) Creeks Area No. 15—Crawford Creek. Zone No. 1—Vancouver Island- Zones No. 6,7, 9, and 10—Mainland Zone No. 1—Vancouver Island Vancouver Vancouver Vancouver Vancouver Prince George- Nelson Nelson- Nelson.. Nelson.. Nelson.. Nelson.. Nelson. Nelson.. Nelson.. Nelson.. Prince George- Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson... _ Nelson Nelson Nelson.. Nelson.. Nelson.. Vancouver.. Vancouver Vancouver Restricted industrial General General General Restricted industrial Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational..._ Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational Recreational. Recreational Restricted industrial Restricted industrial General August 3 August 9 August 9 August 9 August 9 August 10 August 10 August 10 August 10 August 10 August 10 August 10 August 10 August 10 August 10 August 11 August 11 August 14 August 14 August 14 August 14 August 14 August 14 August 14 August 14 August 14 August 24 August 17 August 23 August 29 August 9 August 17 August 31 August 17 August 28 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 August 31 72 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS RANGER SCHOOL The twelfth class, consisting of twenty-one men, commenced studies January 9, 1961. Soon after that date, however, one man was returned to his district for reasons of health. The present twenty-man class will graduate in April, 1962. A proposal was put forward and is presently being considered which will change the training procedure. This proposal makes provision for courses of six different types—Indoctrination, Basic, Ranger, Special, Refresher, and Study or Reading. If approved, a start will be made in September, 1962, commencing with the Basic course. Subjects covered during the year were as follows:— First Term, Twelfth Class, Spring, 1961 Subject Days Allotted Mathematics Review and Survey 14 Fire Law and Protection Procedure 14 Preliminary Fire Organization 10 Scaling 14 Business English 4 Forest Inventory Mapping 2 Examinations, visitors, and field-trips 7 Total days 65 Typing, 4 to 5 p.m., two days per week. Second Term, Twelfth Class, Fall, 1961 Subject Days Allotted Mensuration 13 Botany 8 Photogrammetry 3 Pathology 3 Entomology 3 Appraisals 5 Fire Suppression 15 Public Speaking 4 Fire Marshal 3 Vancouver Island trip 4 Examinations, visitors, and field-trips . 6 Total days 67 Typing, 4 to 5 p.m., two days per week. EXTRA COURSES A five-day course for lookoutmen followed the spring term. Seven men completed the course and were appointed to stations in the Vancouver Forest District. School facilities were used for two weeks in April by the Department of Recreation and Conservation for an in-service training course. Average attendance was thirty-six. The School also catered to a silviculture meeting and a Chief Clerks' meeting in May. The instructional staff participated in courses and lectures to various groups. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 73 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is expressed to speakers and lecturers provided by the following agencies: Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Canada Department of Forestry; Office of the Fire Marshal; R.C.M.P. Cloverdale Detachment; Magistrate J. Hunter of Cloverdale; Municipal Prosecutor, Cloverdale; Air Division of the Department of Lands and Forests; Civil Service Commission; Forest Products Laboratory, Canada Department of Forestry; McMillan, Bloedel and Powell River Limited; British Columbia Forest Products Limited; British Columbia Lumber Manufacturers Association; as well as lecturers from other divisions and districts of the Forest Service. British Columbia Forest Products Limited, through many courtesies extended by Mr. G. Burch, has again been most helpful to the School programme, and we accordingly express special appreciation for this co-operation. 74 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS PERSONNEL GENERAL This was a good year for work production in the Forest Service. With no major organizational changes nor shifts of senior personnel, the staff was able to concentrate on the work at hand and give attention to changing needs. Staff turnover was down slightly, and applications for employment were the highest on record. Apart from the usual functions of personnel administration, the division carried out three major projects during the year. These involved a complete review of holiday-leave records and entitlement of all staff following the 1960 changes in the regulations; the promotion of a Service-wide safety and accident-prevention programme and committee organization; and a major review of sub-professional field- staff classifications with a view to standardizing the qualification and training requirements and providing broader career possibilities under a single series of classifications for technical fieldmen. In the matter of employee relations, only five grievances or formal complaints were received from the various employee associations and, after investigation and negotiation, one was still being actively pursued at the end of the year. Three factors had an adverse influence on morale during the year. Implementation of last year's increased holiday-leave provisions required bringing all staff to an equal, current footing for the future, which disrupted 1961 holidays for a large number of field staff. The Forest Service news-letter, which had been restricted for the past few years to a single Christmas edition, was finally abandoned, and the popular Forest Service calendar was cancelled. COMMUNICATIONS AND TRAINING A District Foresters' meeting, the first since 1957, was held in Victoria in January. Ranger meetings were held in the Vancouver and Kamloops Districts in the fall. Policy and training matters were discussed at separate Silviculture and Engineering Services Division meetings and, just prior to the field season, Surveys and Inventory Division held a full-scale safety meeting, with good results evidenced by a markedly reduced frequency and severity of accidents during the year. Numerous Forest Service officers besides the Personnel Officers took part in vocation-day programmes sponsored by various high schools throughout the Province. At least two requests to address students on safety and accident prevention in the woods were received. In the field of training, four men—an engineer, a forester, the personnel assistant, and a principal clerk—were selected for the sixth class of the Executive Development Training Plan, sponsored by the Government through the University of British Columbia. The Director of Public Information, the Superintendent of Construction, and a Chief Clerk graduated with the third class. Arrangements were made for limited attendance at other training sessions, such as a motor-vehicle maintenance course and the British Columbia Safety Council Provincial Safety Conference. Several employees enrolled in civil defence courses, including a number of advanced training courses involving substantial periods of leave of absence. The Civil Service Commission held one interdepartmental Personnel Officers' meeting. Various in-service training programmes were continued, such as Lookout and Assistant Ranger schools, first-aid schools, and field training courses organized by the districts and divisions concerned. Most noteworthy was the establishment of a formal two-year training programme for engineers-in-training, involving job rota- REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 75 tion and a series of assignments. One candidate was selected from the graduating class at the University of British Columbia for this training course. Engineering Services Division also organized a study course for Hungarian forestry graduates employed in Engineering to complete their qualifications for membership in the British Columbia Association of Professional Engineers. A number of Ranger School graduates are pursuing directed private studies to qualify for registration in the Association of British Columbia Foresters. Following a resolution at the District Foresters' meeting, a major study was undertaken and report prepared by the officers of the Ranger School outlining a proposed complete training programme for technical fieldmen. ESTABLISHMENT, RECRUITMENT, AND STAFF TURNOVER The permanent Civil Service establishment for the Forest Service at the end of the 1960/61 fiscal year was 844 positions, and a similar number was approved for the fiscal year commencing April 1, 1961. Subsequently, this establishment was increased by Order in Council by the addition of one forester for co-ordinating scaling practices throughout the Province and later by one scaler for the Nelson Forest District and a forest assistant to supervise silviculture crews in the Kamloops District. The electronic computer " programmer " was transferred with his position from Surveys and Inventory Division to the Mechanical Tabulation Section of the Finance Department, bringing the total permanent Forest Service establishment to 846 positions. The trend of recent years to stabilize the work force on a year- round basis continued, with some twenty additional men being kept on a continuous basis and a decrease of some thirty-five seasonally employed staff. The major increase in field staff occurred in the Engineering Services Division with an expanded Federal-Provincial forest road programme. The major decrease was in the Reforestation Division, which, through close co-operation with the districts in the use of their trained field crews and the latest methods of refrigeration of seedlings, was able to carry out its cone-collecting and planting programme with 40 per cent less casual unskilled labour. During 1961 eighty-two persons received Civil Service appointments and seventy-four left the permanent service. Seven 25-year service badges were earned. There were eight retirements during the year. Forty-eight transfers of permanent staff took place. Eight graduate foresters and one engineer left the Service, and sixteen foresters and five engineers were hired. All foresters were graduates from the University of British Columbia, but five were employed at a sub-professional level. Turnover of Civil Service appointed staff, including permanent and full-time casual staff, averaged 11.9 per cent, down slightly from the previous year. Prince Rupert District again suffered the greatest disruption, with an over-all average of 24.1 per cent and an office staff turnover of 46.8 per cent. Kamloops District was the lowest, with 13.9 per cent office staff turnover and 7.6 per cent turnover of total staff. Professional staff turnover at 5 per cent is down from last year, while technical staff turnover continued its upward trend, rising from 4.8 per cent in 1960 to 5.3 per cent. Total office staff turnover was down further from its 1959 peak, but still remained high at 23.1 per cent. The percentage of female employees remained much the same as last year, at 59.1 per cent, with this group comprising more than 80 per cent of the office staff turnover. All groups showed an increase in the number of persons who stated their reason for leaving was for better salary, with this being the principal reason in the technical and professional groups. There was a 50-per-cent drop in persons leaving for illness or accident. Three employees were 76 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS lost in fatal accidents on the job. A timber cruiser and an Assistant Ranger were drowned in separate accidents in the Vancouver District, and the Cruising Supervisor in Prince George District was drowned when a helicopter crashed into the Fraser River. Two memberships in the Turtle Club and one Prudent Penguin membership were granted to employees whose lives were saved by hard hats or a life-jacket. In the matter of discipline amongst permanent staff, or during probationary periods, no releases by Order in Council were necessary, and action was restricted to one disciplinary suspension for breach of safety regulations and the withholding of two annual merit increases. Over 700 written applications for employment, 16 per cent more than 1960 and the highest on record, were handled in the Personnel Office alone, apart from many others handled through divisional and district offices. In addition to the usual reclassification examinations, special written examinations were held for five promotional positions, and oral examinations at panel interviews were employed in filling twelve other positions. The Personnel Officer and assistant also participated in selections for 221 other Civil Service positions. At the annual spring examination for Assistant Rangers, a record number of 351 candidates sat, of whom 159 passed. Since there were only twenty vacancies for Assistant Rangers, this provided an excellent eligibility list for selection of candidates for subsequent vacancies. CLASSIFICATIONS, SALARIES, AND WORKING CONDITIONS The only substantial change in classifications during the year resulted from a reassessment of Mechanical Superintendents' positions, resulting in an upgrading of the District Mechanical Superintendents, the Engineering Services Division Superintendent, and the raising of the superintendent-in-charge position to a new category of Equipment Superintendent, Forest Service. New grades were also created for the Yard Foreman, Forest Service Marine Station, and Captain and Acting-Engineer, Launch. Minor revisions were made in the specifications for various positions in line with current practice. Numerous individual position classification reviews were carried out. Of these, fifty were submitted to the Civil Service Commission, of which forty-eight were approved, one rejected, and one was undecided at the end of the year. General salary rates remained steady throughout the year. Retroactive increases were approved, however, for the Assistant Radio Superintendent and Assistant Superintendent of Construction as a result of earlier reviews and recommendations. Following the previous year's appeal in the matter of forest agrologists' rates, the Civil Service Commission appointed a committee to study the matter and subsequently approved an adjustment of forest agrologists' rates relative to other agriculturists in the Government service. The Forest Service was also represented on a Civil Service Commission committee appointed to review draughtsmen specifications throughout the Service. There were no major changes in working conditions within the Service. An amendment to the Civil Service Superannuation Act worked an unexpected hardship on a number of long-service lookoutmen, which the Service was successful in having alleviated just before the end of the season. Substantial individual adjustments in holiday leave took place in order to place all staff on a current basis in keeping with the 1960 revised holiday-leave regulations. This resulted in virtual elimination of leave carry-over, which had grown to excessive proportions in recent years. The Civil Service Commission put into effect a new system of obtaining quotations by moving firms for transfers of personal effects, which greatly facilitated this aspect of personnel transfers. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 77 The safety and accident-prevention programme gained momentum throughout the Service with the appointment of a Safety Co-ordinating Committee under the Assistant Chief Forester, Operations Branch, and the systematic coding and review of all cases. Safety appeared on the agenda of all major meetings and training sessions throughout the Service, and emphasis was placed on local investigations of accidents and responsibility for prevention. The accident-frequency rate (cases involving over three days' time-loss per million man-hours) excluding fire-fighters was 26.1, and including fire-fighters was 38.2, for the Forest Service in 1961. 78 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS ACCOUNTING FISCAL The financial return from Forest Service business during 1961 did not equal the high level recorded in 1960, although it was a better year than either 1958 or 1959. Major contributing factors appeared to be continuing low average market prices for forest products and the adverse effect of another severe fire season. Reflecting the drop of 2.8 per cent in the total volume of timber scaled from the record volume scaled in 1960 (see Table 6 to 9 in Appendix), the total of charges against logging operations declined by 12.2 per cent to $28,820,442 (see Table 31 in Appendix), the decline being common to all forest districts. Direct Forest Service revenue collected during the calendar year totalled $28,930,072 (see Table 30 in Appendix), which was 5.2 per cent less than the 1960 total, but both the total of charges against logging operations and the total of direct revenue were higher than the respective totals for 1958 and 1959. Timber- sale stumpage, which accounts for almost 85 per cent of the direct-revenue total, dropped 6.9 per cent from 1960 to $24,554,147, but the related items of timber- sale rentals and fees and timber-sale cruising and advertising registered substantial increases, totalling $480,803 and $377,755 respectively. The increase in cruising charges collected can be attributed to an upward revision of rates to ensure full recovery of the cost involved. Timber royalty held practically all the gain recorded in 1960, declining only 1.5 per cent to $2,245,313. The rentals and fees collected on timber licences, berths, and leases remained fairly static, as expected, as these tenures are no longer being issued, and the apparent decrease in lease rental and fees was largely offset by an increase in 1960 due to advance payment in some cases. Grazing permits and fees gained 18 per cent, totalling $119,876. Collections of forest-protection tax increased by almost 25 per cent to $569,749, mostly due to payment of late billings and arrears of the tax on Crown-granted areas. There was also an increase in the acreage under timber sales subject to payment of this tax. Miscellaneous revenue collected increased to $134,826, or 11 per cent higher than 1960. ADMINISTRATION Although the decline in revenue was not severe, collection problems continued to be complicated by operators' financing and marketing difficulties, and close surveillance of accounts was necessary to ensure payment. A three-day collection and accounting meeting was held at the Ranger School on May 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, when all phases of these problems received full discussion. The meeting was attended by district Administrative Assistants and Chief Clerks and headquarters accounting officials, with visits from the Chief Forester, Assistant Chief Forester i/c Operations, and Forest Counsel. Effective March 31st, the Chief Accountant retired, and was succeeded, through normal competition, by the Assistant Accountant. The latter position was discontinued as such, the new incumbent being appointed as Clerk i/c Revenue Accounting Section, with all section heads reporting directly to the Chief Accountant. The volume of accounting work remained high with the added effect of the heavy fire season, and the headquarters accounts office was handicapped by shortage of staff due to delays in replacement appointments. At the year's end the staff was still not up to full strength. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 79 District inspection trips by headquarters accounting officials were curtailed somewhat by the staff shortage, but mill-record checks by investigators of the Comptroller's office continued on a normal basis. Effective October 16th, headquarters accounts office assumed responsibility from the Department of Finance for the safe-keeping and control of " Receipt and Agreement" documents furnished by operators and their banks in respect of bonds submitted in lieu of cash as deposits on timber sales. Log-salvage permits in force totalled 273, which was four less than in 1960. 80 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS PERSONNEL DIRECTORY, 1962 VICTORIA HEADQUARTERS R. G. McKee - - - - Deputy Minister of Forests F. S. McKinnon - - - . - Chief Forester L. F. Swannell Assistant Chief Forester i/c Operations Branch J. S. Stokes Assistant Chief Forester i/c Planning Branch Staff Division Heads: Cooper, C. Forest Counsel Hicks, W. V. - - Departmental Comptroller Park, S. E. - - - - - - - - - Director, Public Information Williams, W. J. - - - Personnel Officer Operations Branch Division Heads: Forse, H. B. Forester i/c Protection Division Greggor, R. D. - - - - - - Forester i/c Engineering Services Division Hughes, W. G. - - Forester i/c Management Division Pendray, W. C. - - - Director, Grazing Division Robinson, E. W. Forester i/c Forest Ranger School Planning Branch Division Heads: Pogue, H. M. - - Forester i/c Working Plans Division Young, W. E. L. Forester i/c Surveys and Inventory Division Silburn, G. - - Forester i/c Reforestation Division Spilsbury, R. H. - - - - - - - - Forester i/c Research Division FOREST DISTRICTS Vancouver District I. T. Cameron _.....----- District Forester Boulton, L. B. B. Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Carr, W. S. (Chilliwack); McDaniel, R. W. (Hope); Wilson, R. (Harrison Lake); Webster, J. B. (Mission); Mudge, M. H. (Port Moody); Henderson, J. E. (Squamish); Chamberlin, L. D. (Sechelt); Thomas, R. W. (Madeira Park); Hollinshead, S. B. (Powell River); Nor- birg, H. (Lund); Gill, D. E. (Thurston Bay East); Donnelly, R. W. (Thurston Bay West); Bertram, G. D. (Chatham Channel); Brash, W. E. (Echo Bay); Howard, W. (Alert Bay); Sykes, S. J. (Port Hardy); Ormond, L. D. D. (Campbell River); Antonelli, M. W. (Courtenay); Glassford, R. J. (Parksville); Haley, K. (Nanaimo); McKinnon, C. G. (Duncan); Lorentsen, L. H. (Ganges); Jones, R. W. (Langford); Morley, K. A. (Lake Cowichan); Brooks, F. T. (Alberni); McArthur, E. J. (Tofino); Carradice, J. H. (Pemberton). Prince Rupert District J. R. Johnston District Forester Lehrle, L. W. W. - - - - - - - - Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Brooks, T. (Ocean Falls); Gorley, O. (Queen Charlotte City); Brooks, R. L. (Prince Rupert); Lindstrom, W. C. (Terrace); Antonenko, J. (Kitwanga); Petty, A. P. (Hazelton); Mould, J. (Smithers); Clay, W. D. (Telkwa); Berard, R. K. (Houston); Kullander, M. O. (Pendleton Bay); Mastin, T. J. (Burns Lake); Hawkins, R. M. (Bella Coola); Pement, A. T. (Southbank); Hamilton, H. D. (Atlin District); Crosby, D. N. (Topley). REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 81 Prince George District A. H. Dixon - Bennett, C. E. - District Forester Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: French, C. L. (McBride); Rohn, C. (Penny); Meents, G. E. (Prince George); Magee, K. W. (Prince George); Northrup, K. A. (Fort St. James); Mitchell, B. A. (Quesnel); Barbour, H. T. (Dawson Creek); Keefe, R. R. (Aleza Lake); Graham, G. W. (Vanderhoof); Cosens, A. S. (Fort St. John); Baker, F. M. (Fort Fraser); Waller, T. G. (Summit Lake); Thornton, S. H. (Quesnel); Flynn, D. M. (Prince George); Hamblin, R. A. (Hixon); Pearce, F. (Quesnel); Angly, R. B. (Quesnel); McQueen, L. (Chetwynd). Kamloops District W. C. Phillips McRae, N. A. - District Forester Assistant District Forester Forest Rangers: Hopkins, H. V. (Lumby); Williams, R. V. (Birch Island); Bailey, J. D. (Barriere); Hill, A. F. (Kamloops (S.)); Paquette, O. (Chase); Gibson, C. L. (Salmon Arm); Jones, G. G. (Sicamous); Cameron, A. G. (Lillooet); Kuly, A. (Vernon); Scotte, E. L. (Penticton); Dearing, J. H. (Princeton); Robertson, C. E. (Clinton); Hamilton, T. J. (Williams Lake); Monteith, M. E. (Alexis Creek); Hewlett, H. C. (Kelowna); Noble, J. O. (Ashcroft); DeWitt, D. O. (Merritt); Bodman, G. F. (Blue River); Collins, B. G. (Enderby); Janning, H. A. W. (100 Mile (N.)); Weinard, J. P. (Kamloops (N.)); Wittner, D. J. (Horsefly); Ashton, L. (100 Mile (S.)). Nelson District P. Young Bruce, J. B. District Forester Assistant District Forester. Forest Rangers: Taft, L. G. (Invermere); Humphrey, J. L. (Fernie); Anderson, S. E. (Golden); Gierl, J. B. (Cranbrook (E.)); Ross, A. I. (Creston); Stilwell, L. E. (Kaslo); Benwell, W. G. (Lardeau); Robinson, R. E. (Nelson); Jupp, C. C. (New Denver); Raven, J. H. (Nakusp); Wood, H. R. (Castlegar); Reid, E. W. (Grand Forks); Uphill, W. T. (Kettle Valley); Cartwright, G. M. (Canal Flats); Allin, G. G. (Arrowhead); Haggart, W. D. (Edgewood); Hesketh, F. G. (Elko); Reaney, R. J. (Spillimacheen); Bailey, J. F. (Cranbrook (W.)); Ivens, J. H. (Beaverdell); Webster, G. R. (Slocan City); Jackson, R. C. (Revelstoke). APPENDIX REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 85 TABULATED DETAILED STATEMENTS TO SUPPLEMENT REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE CONTENTS General Table No. Page 1. Distribution of Personnel, 1961 88 Reforestation 2. Summary of Planting, 1952-61 89 Forest Management 3. Estimated Value of Production, Including Loading and Freight within the Province, 1952-61._ 90 4. Paper Production (in Tons), 1952-61 90 5. Water-borne Lumber Trade (in M B.M.), 1952-61 91 6. Total Amount of Timber Scaled in British Columbia during the Years 1960 and 1961: (A) in F.B.M., (B) in Cubic Feet 92 7. Species Cut, All Products, 1961: (A) in F.B.M., (B) in Cubic Feet 93 8. Total Scale, All Products, 1961 (Segregated by Land Status and Forest Districts): (A) in F.B.M., (B) in Cubic Feet 94 9. Timber Scaled by Months and Forest Districts, 1961 95 10. Volume of Wood Removed under Relogging at Reduced Royalty and Stumpage, 1952-61, in Thousand Cubic Feet 96 11. Number of Acres Operating under Approved Annual Allowable Cuts, 1952-61 97 12. Total Scale of All Products from Areas Operated under Approved Annual Allowable Cuts, 1952-61 98 13. Logging Inspections, 1961 99 14. Trespasses, 1961 100 15. Areas Examined by the Forest Service for Miscellaneous Purposes of the Land Act, 1961 101 16. Areas Cruised for Timber Sales, 1961 101 17. Timber-sale Record, 1961 101 18. Competition for Timber Sales Awarded, 1961 102 19. Timber Sales Awarded by Forest Districts, 1961 103 20. Average Stumpage Prices as Bid, by Species and Forest Districts, on Saw- timber Sold on Timber Sales in 1961, per C C.F. Log-scale 104 21. Average Stumpage Prices Received, by Species and Forest Districts, on Saw-timber on Tree-farm Licence Cutting Permits Issued in 1961 105 22. Timber Cut from Timber Sales, 1961 106 23. Saw and Shingle Mills of the Province, 1961 107 24. Export of Logs (in F.B.M.), 1961 107 25. Shipments of Poles, Piling, Mine-props, Fence-posts, Railway-ties, etc., 1961 108 26. Summary of Exports of Minor Products, 1961 108 27. Timber Marks Issued, 1952-61 109 86 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Forest Finance Table No. Page 28. Crown-granted Timber Lands Paying Forest-protection Tax as Compiled from Taxation Records, 1952-61 109 29. Acreage of Timber Land by Assessment Districts 110 30. Forest Revenue 110 31. Amounts Charged against Logging Operations, 1961 111 32. Amounts Charged against Logging Operations, Fiscal Year 1960/61 112 33. Forest Revenue: (A) Fiscal Year 1960/61, (B) Fiscal Years 1951/52 to 1960/61 113 34. Forest Service Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1960/61 114 35. Scaling Fund 114 36. Grazing Range Improvement Fund 114 Forest Protection 37. Forest-protection Expenditure by the Forest Service for Fiscal Year 1960/61 115 38. Reported Approximate Expenditure in Forest Protection by Other Agencies, 1961 116 39. Summary of Snag-falling, 1961, Vancouver Forest District 116 40. Summary of Logging Slash Reported, 1961, Vancouver Forest District 116 41. Acreage Analysis of Slash-disposal Required, 1961, Vancouver Forest District 117 42. Analysis of Progress in Slash-disposal, 1961, Vancouver Forest District— 117 43. Summary of Slash-burn Damage and Costs, 1961, Vancouver Forest District 118 44. Fire Occurrences by Months, 1961 118 44a. Fire Occurrence by Months for Last Ten Years, Amending Fire Statistics, 1952-61 119 45. Number and Causes of Forest Fires, 1961 119 46. Number and Percentage of Forest Fires by Causes for Last Ten Years, Amending Fire Statistics, 1952-61 120 46a. Number and Percentage of Forest Fires by Forest Districts for Last Ten Years, Amending Fire Statistics, 1952-61 121 47. Fires Classified by Size and Damage, 1961 122 47a. Fires Classified by Size and Damage for Last Ten Years, Amending Fire Statistics, 1952-61 123 48. Damage to Property Other than Forests, 1961 124 49. Damage to Forest-cover Caused by Forest Fires, 1961—Parts I and II 124,125 50. Fire Causes, Area Burned, Forest Service Cost, and Total Damage, 1961 126 51. Comparison of Damage Caused by Forest Fires in Last Ten Years 127 52a. Fires Classified by Forest District and Cost per Fire of Fire-fighting, 1961 128 52b. Fire-fighting Cost per Fire for Last Ten Years, Amending Fire Statistics, 1952-61 129 53. Prosecutions, 1961 130 Ranger School 54. Enrolment at Ranger School, 1961 131 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 Public Information and Education Table No. 55. Motion-picture Library, 1952-61 56. Summary of Coverage by School Lecturers, 1952—61 87 Page 132 133 57. Forest Service Library, 1952-61 134 Grazing 58. Grazing Permits Issued 59. Grazing Fees Billed and Collected. 134 134 Working Plans 60. Summary of Basic Data for Public Sustained-yield Units (Crown Land Only), Comparing Commitment vs. Cut for Years 1959, 1960, and 1961, and Commitments to December 31, 1961 135 Tree-farm Licences Awarded 138 Farm Wood-lot Licences to December 31, 1961 140 61 62 63 Tree-farms (Excluding Those in Tree-farm Licences) to December 31, 1961 140 88 (1) DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONNEL, 1961 Personnel Vancouver Prince Rupert Prince George Kamloops Nelson Victoria Total Continuously Employed Deputy Minister, Chief Forester, and Assistant Chief Foresters. Division Foresters Directors of Grazing and Public Information.. Forest Counsel and Personnel Officers District Foresters and Assistant District Foresters Foresters and Foresters-in-training Agrologists and Agrologists-in-training.. Engineers and Engineers-in-training Forest Protection Officers. Supervisors of Rangers Rangers—Grades 1 and 2.. Superintendent of Scaling and Assistants. Scalers, Official— Scalers, Official, temporary Comptroller, Accountant, and Audit Assistants- Engineering, Mechanical and Radio.. Technical Forest and Public Information Assistants Reforestation, Research, and Survey Assistants Nursery Superintendents Draughtsmen and Mapping Assistants.. Clerks, Stenographers, and Messengers Superintendent and Foremen, Forest Service Marine Station Mechanics, Carpenters, and Technicians.. Launch Crewmen Assistant and Acting Rangers.. Dispatchers.. Cruisers, Compassmen, and Silviculture Crewmen —~ Truck, Tractor, and Equipment Operators.. Foremen Miscellaneous Totals, continuous personnel.. Seasonally Employed Assistant and Acting Rangers Patrolmen Lookoutmen Dispatchers, Radio Operators, and Clerks... Fire-suppression Crewmen.. Reforestation—Snag-fallers, Planters, etc Cruisers and Compassmen Truck, Tractor, and Equipment Operators Student and Survey Assistants and Engineering Aides Silvicultural Crewmen Foremen Miscellaneous Totals, seasonal personnel _ Totals, all personnel 2 12 3 3 35 11 79 38 6 102 18 33 19 28 4 1 1 405 37 12 66 4 23 567 2 2 16 2 1 1 4 29 6 31 9 33 1 1 2 162 1 1 22 3 2 12 1 1 3 26 3 4 14 5 31 29 11 61 1 2 2 210 8 4 27 3 1 14 1 26 47 73 209 283 2 14 5 1 3 29 3 __ ~~4 15 5 29 51 19 60 ~1 242 3 34 5 60 ~~4 6 118 360 8 2 — 3 2 10 94 1 1 29 2 3 3 29 2 1 7 4 10 4 22 45 11 24 2 174 1 9 41 10 41 288 75 12 62 ! 4 29 114 6 47 4 33 28 573 2 3 10 151 8 29 12 14 135 21 81 40 7 94 65 62 4 53 327 6 49 28 189 69 206 16 37 36 1,766 1 I 160 1 73 153 5 132 525 1,098 27 17 161 34 167 160 6 96 153 3 11 204 1,039 2,805 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 89 I, g z < o- O qoqqooqqqqo O lOv^mOCOOOO© vi m <n ta Ttvdod©"—iTtvcr-od©rs vd i>mr-r*-cSoor^Ttr-.ooft ftr^Ttmcsr^vDminTto mc-Tj-oortvi'^-i-'mmrH * O 0 sK>y->*Oy—enmasocensoso oc S rH oo eSrHoovo_o\eninesr-r->»-^ © » ft vO < b\ co" vo" **" r-^ m" ©" ci vo r>" as 00 ri rH y-< C- W~l o" ,-, ,-, ,_( ,_< ,_ ,_, ON rs es cs es •a ta .al nriffjxqw^hWOm Tf ooesvoftrHt^tnOvomr* 'tt oo rH ri 6 Tt f> m 6 ^ h h ft iri ci esvoftftt^cnOooftftm rHOOVOVOftr^rHOveSCJsOO S Tt vi Sis r^,'3,Ttm,fl't—eSTtftr-© H\Ot«m,tOOlHWOH V, n oo oo es vomoomeSmcovocnrH c^°X r- K o r-" vo t> K cn ri \o as *n vo rf 00 | ^■" 00 t> qqqoqqoqqqrn CJ o ;oqqqqqqqq q en © 1 en' cd ** ON *t © vi ©' r- © ■—< OtflHMxnmofiirir- r- m ft •-< r-t rn es cn ft ,-h" rn' iTtoom'vdft'Ttr^TtrH r-^ oo Tt ft lHrt:rtlr)r*iHrl ITt Tf © U 00 rH CS rH r» rt < es *-T vo" C- ci 'f-c Ph tS .sf atHin^ONCCf^rlr-fth cn «n cSTtOvr>csrncnrHoo Tt r-; en o TtrHoociinoovdONft'rnTt ooenOsZDSOt~~Tty-iTtC>in vi O dcs©ft*r>eS©"cnrH od e*i vi ss en rHrHCOmrHrlrH OOCS 00 O ^cnrH «-«fS CS Tj ft. h h g Kg rH ri CO Tf rH* Hfi 6 oqqqqoqqoqvo vc qcqqqqqqqq iqvo q 1 nn o«JONm»crimOoo ffl C^VDTtr-lrrift'cS^r^cS d m rt OvO'J'PicAa.tNNin^r* >n Nrt-HxaooHOt loom cs "2 s m SO Tt y-4 *-* r-rHrn ] O0 Tt ft < Tt \n y-t *— tr- n^ mes M'-1 00 - © Tt oc ft §§ ta .si escSrHTtTtftTtooftvqq *i rnooftCSVDr-qqqq jOsoq «rt Ttd^vi^vdcnciviqpvo aNrHrHinr-©ooeNftcn© i-H *-* vo ft OX ""fr v»_ *-* © vo^ ft oc rn* r^rHest^vivdoivies ir^vd Tt000000TtOt>00tn iTt^" vi D. i o 8» ft m m CS rH ri ! ft V) Tt Kg vi" vi" tf ^t es" ^h rs" ri cf <h r>" ©~ ri in Hfi Tf Tt © © © © 9 9 9 O o , I i 9 © ifl oo ft ci od © © vi © es' j j j ci CO s*^ U © as en es Tt r- • £ © n S in cs cj\ rn i— V) oo Tf : *± m U h < »-i cicici CS rH ^f 1 t a o.-. oli,r) ? co M rt 0> .9? en C; Cj Tl- in cS in Orrio vi es 3 i i ! ! es 1 3 en en — ■o * JS vd vo r— on rH ft Tt ft © VO s VD l! ss in es vi oo ft ; j ; °i m ,n O ft j ft" O ci he 1 pppc^pppp © © «-< rH mo«n>nq©qqoqq * T VO *Cl £ o OCoeSviooi-'vivifnOri <£ Ttt^o\oo*vo'm\dvdi>cioo t ^ vo" 1 a r--Hooi-i'*rtcivcoNr-t- r*mTro\'vr--^-'-'oooor-i S2 r^«n^->n>~iO\m»-<oo-rtO c r-nn vccsrsmocsfT- v O VI 5 *— d oo 8| < — rn cn r- (S Tt Tt 00 o rn rr U ■s m * h " 3 o Uh O h io in f. ft vo m in in rl O 0^vnrnvqft_rnr>fncSfti r H rH © Ot^vdr^inTtTtvpvivDft* mminoo©oooo©©mm Tt wodr^vicocor^vpTtTtrn" v r-ftr-r~vo<S'-'ftooo\oo c 5 ©' r- n r- © §1 mhx wnftHhTj-Mh C- mrHr-^r-icSClVClcSrH U 1 en r> ri vi ci Tt " CrT r i" m" Hfi r~ cc ft u rt o > 1 "a 0 i ; I !'1 i 1 CA § 6 J 1 1 0 S o- 0 >, H Sjji pH io nj c ft oc t- vC V Tt m cs 3 .2 *> r- ft OC r- VC V) Tt en es O ^3 ^ VC no un m in in m VI V) m <U VD VD VI vi m v- mmm m <u —i — ft a o ft ft OS as OS ft ft Ph ft ft OS Os Os o- as OS ft ft Ph < < 90 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS H X O H ft< b Q Z < 0 Z 5 < o o z M py? OS ZCA z « oo r1 Z u> Q * 3^ wig fei: wz g£ o w p Q W | i ilf 3 >ft Ifl VO © TT cn es^c-^es ciriin"© Hinf*oo rH 00 lO VI tivo^r^ri © oo vo es fn rH q © rn ft cn rs Tt en m eo es t* rH OrtO't Cb ciTt cn vo"cn ft t-h r> ft co cS vo Tt rtrl Tt o cn" rico" ri ci ft 00 ft vo inmhM en cs so ft r-^vo © cTvioo ci CO Tt t> rH rH CO cs S ft © ft m es © vo *n ft «n vi c- cs to ^ vi ft ri CS cn C- rH rH CO cs en Vi o tt oo es © ft *rt ONTt Tt es vo r- ea Os Tf oo vO cn oo es Tt ft rH CO © OO CS es in Tt co cs co as co C- rH m co vo co CS IrH rH CN © es © © ^h ft ft © cn rH HO\Or> co Tt es ©* co* oo VO © © 0O rH cl ovqv "n oovo'aoON oo* T^ ve vo cs Tt m co © es Tt © oo r^q^in Tt vi in" en* VI 00 rH co O* ri«"j* a 2 r> r^ vo vo © qco r-^ rVoooo vi 00 VO rH CO m ft ft Tf" VI o ft r- vo oo m r- ft ft rH r> CS fie a «a ill C S; 0 « S Q> *5 •a +■ « 0 rj 8 « Q 17 i- i r expor otals. Ill w -M *H aa-sa H G ft « r o V 8 ,o r* .5'S.« 5 3 I IJJ.I a 3 2 E w ^ C/J z 8 ■3 ■B 111 •SgS? 98* » 2 S3 ? I s TJCO o s £ o u spa B ta *« O. 3 0 rt C3 rt I I» 8 s „ a > -o S •a 9.9 rt "TJ S g "o a 3 3 O 3 w w Ills I 11,a 81 S3 ito n S ■O^ „ "13 3 ° 3 n2 1 s S11 S2a§S O D. H ta U a P % Q 43 O 35 ft. i 05" > UJ fti U < ta Oh a & lit a, >0\ co r> 00 rn In c Tf m VO rH VO ft 00 oo CO Vi ©;WO II © SO ft r^ ft CO rH 9.rl riod © OO ft rH ft in OS in ft m r* CO t ri Tt" en rn OO CS CO m ft CO vo Tt O C^Tt CO O ©o VO CS <n ft © cs m r~ OO OO cn" r-" co m in y-* vo OH r» ft rH ft C-;CS ft rH »n rH ON CO © ft CO ft oo © l-i VO cs "O rH Tt ft VO rH «n vo VOTt vo © CO rH fcO rH CO m ft o oo riVO ©ON vo rs >n ft cn r* CO t- co r» oo ri CN ft Tt s s •o o It Ph c c 2 U 4, s f C - rn VD REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 91 s z a Q < 05 H ci W ca 2 P w z 25 o 05 ck Hi H < in flr_1 © cn t- e' r- r- O vC Tf a- © Tf VC ft a c cc ft m Tf VC CN oc m oo OC Sgr? ft in rs ft r^ Tt \0 r~ rn ft in — ft es © cn es *c © Ttmr-'vs»-Hftr~TtTtTtvovo—■© t— ft CO 00 — c r-minvocoftcncnciooinvo©in o ^2cn m CO Tt OS r- r-T oo in csvorscnftr-iasesoooescnocs C u^1 es ft T-i Tf rH OC ft rH m u >* -t Tt cn H<~ T-I oo vo 1 in © o m —t o ! r- \c © inft© ir)ftr-©ds©C'l\0 m es Tt en o en r~ vo tt ! CO vc f~ OO ! 00 CC VO es © rn ! os Tf oo [- m cc co © OO r-< ft^cn_ CO CNftm !cnc-l-Hftft©Ttft VO ft oo" vi Tf — so i es cc ©mm loorn-Hftesoo m th ft r- ft cn *■* in J t-* CS en 00 rH ! Tf CO r> *""' © cn vo i— vo •* en cl l m cs r-cn^Hcnr- iftMcrtoovDM ^ oo ft co cn vo 3c cc vo : in t- VO ft OG <3 © ICCrSTT-HftV, OssO m © vo cs •n ft vo oo © ! r- es co r- so cn so i vo © r- Tt © © r- © cn VO ft ft"es" CO ri cn ft rH j r- vc ft-nmrn | vo r- r- en cc -*t O es m Tt rn rN j m r- s 1—1 rH oo : m © VO i Tt o cn ft ft^H©in-Hcnesvooooor^©ccm m 00 ft ! rH OO rH OO f- cn vc ©■^CTfOo^-i-Htsr-'Oftr-r-", ft Tf >n j rn © rH rH V inmcnooeSTfcsoo — ©eSrHTtcn NO m ft ©" Tf ! © ^f CO cTtj r~-T-icS'-ivo>ncN©oor~-»noC'— r- i— ft | CO C! vo —i NO ft ci m ft ■i —i es cn i oo © o oo o m es i vo — nr-vots ! vo ft r-csen©ft ir-envorHONC-eS-H _^ oo es ! © ft tj ft C- t- VO ft I ft ft rH Tf oo es ft 00 mrnesmft rOTtoooooOTtTtvo <£) oo Tt in ! oo r- c © rN 'rlC m in ft v* ft i co d v ri cn" ; cn vc cn ^f loovooo-HvOeScneS Tf cn ! ft rn Tt rH m © r-. 1 i en vo CO es © cn en m c rt cn © ft ! oo eN ri oo y* o : vo V vOoOcn©'-|eS©incnr-TteSincn f» © NO CS ri ft C mvoTfcn© — cnin©Tfmmccvo r- rH in -h <N © rr Tf rH rn : vo ir c)Tfv.oincnTt©intn»-r-Ttocn ft Vj ft ci t-i ri vi v- Tf ! t- C r- mvocSrHrHT4-inoo,<tmexlc-i ri t}- cS oo r- rn oo CO 00 r~ cn es © r- es vd ft oo l cs -h r- m en c mvooor-es ir-r^^awOTtftn Tf i—i cn tj- cs ?s Tf ft r- cs oo © r— t-i Tf © in |ftcoTtcnr>imc\es VO VD ON H —< oo vo eSTtrso'o . qoMnmHccmcs vO v-t ft Tt vi ft" es* cn en c ri rienvi 1 ■* H ifl vio M H H as Tf as : T-i Tf t-i rH CS OC t-i 00 cn cn ft r>r*t »h ft y— m ci : m cs © t-h Tf i-n .r-H. ftinvOftcnT-ioooovo©©Tfvocn ft en vO tt o rs © Tf r- Tf ri O oo « m Tt Tf on —i o •n m omvomn rn cs co r- i r- © crsc-vccnvO-Hinr-c—rHf-toViVO o m ft cn oo r- en Tt es ; es Tf Ti h TtT-tftcScni.nvor~-in©cn cs oo cn rH CO ■rH O Tf t- vo m Tf © 00 ft Tt o tr~ O cn vp r- m m © >n oo oo c ftC-ftTfvo : m r| co rl r- h rl f vc r- oo m rH O ft rs ON ON Cs1 CO -h !VDftTf©OSOsOr— Tf •t vO rn Tf (ft rH t-I OS rH ft -H incnencses iTfTHso-TtCvOOvo ft ft vi vi in -rf Tt CS Tf Tf cnTfcsescc lenft oocnftciTt ft" Tf -1 ■ t-i ri ft © —i r— vO <n m CO Tf VO 00 rH ft r- ft es m : t- t Tf vp oo © i r- cn es Tt m «-h i in m vpinTtTtr-invoooTtcnmcsmo ©ftr-cor-vocnescsvOT-ic-cnes Tf © no -- in m vc 1 CO r- o cn vo ft cn esvOco©voO©dftinooTteSin VI so cn ft oo rH 1 r- Tf o^voT-tT-iOcnvovocnooescScScn es oo rH CS TH © Tf T-i ft m in cn i 2 © © cc vo" ci r- © cS cn !Mh mftoor^es ! CMn ^ co h on ^t n ri "**" cs m r* r^ j m *- rHCSftcr.00 !cnTtvocnes©©rH ftOTVD loOr-i-HinviooM-c— C-rH !t^oo"cioc"cioNenri m (S ft CO es es «-h i in e> ri I ft r- © CO ! ""» cn r- es Tf rH r- cs *"* 4> 1H CO 0 Hh ] ] tj -a 5 e a rt 3 1 *d £ rt ! ed ! f 1 <u rt c ta a a rt rt u i £ < 2 I u Eh O ! rt 2 c c rt £ oj ■* N C S \ i -a s 0 •a t/ ! Vi V C e U B t si < 2 a < « £ < £ 'I i (2 2 M u rt E £ Q 9 a t cd > c s B E 1 0 Is u ™ !r! « a> I OS •3 c a o S el C 0 oc c 0 B H cd a C E B a u > c. C « c 0 — 0 s c IS o c CO Cfl E | — X CJ s g « s CJ) fe !> ° c h 92 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS (6A) TOTAL AMOUNT OF TIMBER SCALED IN BRITISH COLUMBIA DURING YEARS 1960 AND 1961 IN F.B.M. (All products converted to f.b.m.) Forest District Ten-year Average, 1952-61 1960 1961 Increase Decrease Net Decrease 3,352,007,738 351,099,221 3,714,901,737 494,439,437 3,444,163,621 508,111,879 270,738,116 Prince Rupert (C.) 13,672,442 3,703,106,959 4,209,341,174 j 3,952,275,500 257,065,674 Prince Rupert (I.) 216,499,433 657,584,116 889,289,201 468,589,212 272.053.975 1 264.893.698 7,160,277 15,865,240 860,650,212 1,136,419,442 596.020.872 844,784,972 1,175,270,448 637.997.472 38,851,006 41,976,600 2,231,961,962 2,865,144,501 j 2,922,946,590 57,802,089 ...... ] 5,935,068,921 7.074.485.675 '. 6.875.222.090 199,263,585 (6B) TOTAL AMOUNT OF TIMBER SCALED IN BRITISH COLUMBIA DURING YEARS 1960 AND 1961 IN CUBIC FEET (Conversion factor: Coast—6 f.b.m.r=l cu. ft.; Interior—5.75 f.b.m.=l cu. ft.) (All products converted to cubic feet.) Forest District Ten-year Average, 1952-61 1960 1961 Increase Decrease Net Decrease 558,667,956 58,516,537 619,150,289 82,406,573 574,027,270 84,685,313 45,123,019 Prince Rupert (C.) 2,278,740 617,184,493 701,556,862 658,712,583 42,844,279 37,652,075 114,362,455 154,658,992 81,493,776 47,313,735 149,678,297 197,638,164 103,655,804 46,068,469 146,919,126 204,394,861 110,956,082 1,245,266 2,759,171 .... 6,756,697 7,300,278 388,167,298 498,286,000 508,338,538 10,052.538 1,005,351,791 1,199,842,862 1,167,051,121 32,791,741 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 93 20 Ph' z P Q O tA 3 p CJ a. rH ft. 8 50 r- OC (NO© es r- as r~ Tf r~- ft ft vo 00 m SO ft Tf Tf i. n © CO m m Tt © r- vo es VO rH r~ ft oo r» ft Tt es o ci oo r— cS ft as es H |f ri t£ Tt* m c* e vo Tt r- cn < S m" m s t> Tf m ft es co rn so as co CO »-i es vo oo cn — r- r- © r~ -h es £"0 m r* m © vo Tf f- oo © m SO m ft co ft es co 2 5 © m tt vo O © cn co 3* Tt m ft cn m so r- cn -> m Tt ft r- cn Tf vo vo corsj in ri ri oc* es ct es es rH CO en ft so es © cn ft CO r» rH CS © Tt ft so b o © es CO ■* co so t> m ft Tf cN o m rs i~> m r- vo m r- vO cn x% Tf cn r^ ©^ ©r es m as © Tt" Tr* m es Tf v O vO vo m - en ft n en ■s ft r~ "- r- C- rH 7\ ft rt © m r-S Tt* cn* -T r-* es ft Tf ft co" : cn n OO ft CO ! 00 u cn m ! r- E © ft ft ! ft P. oo es © i © K © cn Tf : "^ U ©"ci ri ! ri en CO cn r- r- rH i f— V) n O |J O ! © CO © m t> ft 3s © en ! en V*l » es SO ft -t en Tf : Tt O n ■o r^ es j es vo cj. e © vo'c* ■O Tf" cS ■n en vO vo" © Tf m ■* en m m rH as es S 00 tt 0 CO 00 Tt O ft ■t es 2.5 rn cn ft vp Js cn O © © es Tt -* CO gs CO CO en © cn O ft oo" 00 en ci i n" cn "H *"" rH cn o m m so -H rH CS (S 00 7v 3 m rH r? eS cm so co E r- ft vc © ft rH m o cn cct Tf as Tt oo rs cs -H * eft Tf m © ft -h r- cn « "H p- ft m es en cn n Tf m Tf rH in ft VO rH 0O vo es -/z Cn rH fS OO 0 >n Tf -t -" vo ON © ft" es Tf oo Tf c o r- Tf 00 rl es es en es < D en M vo v> CS t- es r- rn C © u o oo 00 r- © es -h as n ri m es oc 00 Cl Tf CO O eS 1 es oo © ri m r- n so oo ft CO V) 00 rH n cn a ft © © VO rH Tf S cn rH CS T£ -i m rH* -i rH r- so CO ft r^ vO es S K as m m rH CO © ft c M.2S •o o-S o at, © Tf CO Tf © ft C o cn CO Tf cr vi r-*rivi c sC es* es -h Tf oo ft m oo t i vO rH ft © t— so oo oo ( S es H m ©" ri Tt c VI -rf Tf y— l Js" ©" n vo n S CS r- m CS rHO\H ( S Tf -H © rl ir-icir) v O oo rH r| cn ft oo es m v n co 8 r+ *" © © m m vo c O CO B vo 00 <n © © Tf rH s 0 rH ^r so m Tf © i r* © a CO $"£ cn vo m es m Tf t CO OO © CO c 5 r~ rH T-" IflNrl £ -" rH oo ft __. o m in n t H 00 © cn Tt r- oo © m t t. Tt Tf X rH © rl CO C s © OS no"© so •—> oo m rs r j'3 •o rH ON © OO rH O ft C a t> vo nd_ r- r- c - m O ©" vi vi vo rn r-"in * £<* •n rH CS CO C n oo r- i 00 oo O oc" Tt^r^ft m i. O cn rH cn ft © s m cn Tf r* t o eS oo co c !■*. rH r- CO m r- cn cs c ft r~ Im vO ft in en © es m t h t— £ es r^ © m m m v 3 vo oo" oo" r" es" © ft* c s" ft" rH cn m © ft Tf ■- t ft © © rH r- rH c is ©^ ii ri r* ! 5 | tr 3 CO 'C U rt O 0 ~ 5 3 S M u 1) v m vv | -i d u o 3 fH -j OJ £ 1 r 3o o Ph 0 <u o u O fl a CJ cj u TJ P C C C o a S rt > £ a. Oh si « h e*H w • PU U w 71 e o CO J2 p o S 1 ^o CT\ £ Cfl" $j H u u p II Q O b d J3 Ah r) 1 H b O u u cn m 6 U w > Oh L0 0 © cn CO ft SO _| cs CO ^H r- rH 00 so tN *0 CO Tf n 00 © CO es cs cn in m n r* vi cs 0O ft Tf SO oo (N OO SO rH ft »n m m O O sO^ r- © ft cn ft cO © H Tt Tf 00 SO so Tf © Tf Tf © rH 00 t> r- oo VI © so in vo rH CS rH m ri t S£ ri" © CS rH Tf Tf vo rs oo © Cl CN 5"a © m vq v© © m^ ft CS 00 So cS CA cl ri ri ©" n" VO 00* ^: 9 ON Tt © SO n 00 m CO m r- CO cn Tt t- cn Tf Tt* m r- rT SO V") rH rH r0 m H Tf vC r» cn r- m ft m m © cn m so vo cS CN TJ*0 Jh ° » o envi ft" r- r- ft es r-i so" r- r^ Tf ft rH sp Tt vO sO X) m es r- r- rH ON © © J3 t> S\ r* r-n o r- cn H CO so in m cl rH CN Tt Tf •3 Tf*so" © © rt Cl es C- en ft cn © © cn cn ta en cSb VO; WJ u Ii cn oo" Oh r-t 00 © © >1 © cn Tf Tt o «• m' oo 00 vi oo ; cs . es Tf vo *« vo © T- © es (N es ft es vo 00 © SI ©" i © r-* vi CO Tf Tf j Tf es m 00 CJ can. ><* vo rs 00 ON . Tfri vi vi en ; e^, '. t- O ri 00 Tf ! 3 so cn es NO u v£> ] r* ft Tt r* 4_* a> 3 c © i © ri m* vo" m" m* m so oo O gpn © : © CS 00 CJ es m : CO cs en vO as" ft en CN es ft oo m Tf SO m m rH cn ft -H 'O r* & Tf so SO so 00 © cs s r- vo Tf' so ft vo es ft ,23 m es 00 OO rH rl SO 00 SO CO NO ft oo oo r~ en r- r^ m r" en © so es cn m 00 oi r- oc CS © »n oc r~~ cs VI o m © Tt r~ en © r- vo m r> so r> •^ t> Tf cs [— co so vO ft o ft*n* m cn Tt r- m cs vo CO © r- X) CO a t- ft NO cn cs es CO m u ft Tf ft cn Tf —i en r- vO a f^-, cs es © ft ft" <n oo Tf op s~ m 6 en Tf m ft es n vO © m«JS 5^ r- f> r-i OS 00 r- Tt ri ri cn rH OS rH 00 es m r- O so CS OO r- Tf cn m 00 © m es ft" Tf" oo" ci vi (S Tt Tf OS rH © in ft © n <H>eitN in m rH O rs cn m cs t*; rH CO VO CS en O 0 Tt C-" o m ft r- ft" 2 r~ so Tf CO © CN © es r- t>Tf Cl oo co r* co es Tt D. r"os r~" •* rn m m m" ci CS rn o cn CN t> © cS co m _ cn so ft vo Tf""' ~n so r- Tt r* © r- as ft H O© O Tf CN Tf r-t en n vo* vi 1HCOO ci ■o CO vo © oo m cS ft CS oo ft CJ r- u © CO ft as 00 u © m m* es Tf Tt d CO* CS CS Tf ©~rH~ ^-~ so so oo vp ft Tf © ft "so" r^ (S c- ft s en Tf © CO Tf rH m ss so" so r— es as r- CS oo O rs o Hh r^Tt W Tf ©^ CO ft vo" vo* r-"r-* vo" (> vo t~~ n cn CS X en t- : o : ta 'C » at u "3 - 2 "" o -i S V) CJ *j TJ w 1 C j2 Tj S B tr B tH a £ o. o a r-t 3 u rt S H 0 o rH o « <u u o g cj cj y o TJ 0 cfl d a B £ > £ a. Ph cd z 94 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS TOTAL SCALE OF ALL PRODUCTS, 1961, IN F.B.M. (SEGREGATED BY (8*) LAND STATUS AND FOREST DISTRICTS) Land Status Vancouver Prince Rupert (Coast) Prince Rupert (Interior) Prince George Kamloops Nelson Total 727,588,828 14,677,105 5,428,921 24,647,299 43,784,544 24,109,953 791,479,398 94,183,765 93,781,794 45,977,659 14,179,086 142,941,017 93,781,794 30,672,897 51,124,419 76,650,556 65,303,505 568,792 1,133,527,078 741,312 724,642,381 84,334 903,571,609 35,155 340,336,263 1,429,593 174,504,840 46,731,122 196,325,726 3,472,907,897 46,731,122 56,366,482 397,997,239 37,930,185 56,366,482 121,458,708 17,104,269 58,951,406 1,478,752 45,754,826 12,604,407 52,621,771 9.114.421 157,139,421 3.637.198 833,923,371 81,869,232 Sub-totals, Crown lands 2,602,100,908 12,834,799 728,048,577 38,629,801 14,789,179 47,760,357 441,596,255 433,766 256,755,884 1,466,542 798,420,031 995,468,355 25,599,013 39,296,227 20,707,088 25,718,574 68,481,191 569,042,534 854,280 2,537,143 37,910,890 11,111,936 16,540,689 5,663,383,967 41,188,400 Crown grants— To 1887 613,880 382,878 4,341,037 41,027,146 770,495,827 1887-1906 __. 1906-1914 7,798,018 7,329,475 50,954,365 41,014 1,747,324 4,882,934 105,469,689 65,037,525 1914 to date 229,646,682 Totals 3,444,163,621 508,111,879 264,893,698 844,784,972 1,175,270,448 637,997,472 6,875,222,090 TOTAL SCALE OF ALL PRODUCTS, 1961. IN CUBIC FEET (SEGREGRATED BY LAND STATUS AND FOREST DISTRICTS) (SB) (Conversion factor: Coast—6 f.b.m.=l cu. ft.; Interior—5.75 f.b.m.=1 cu. ft.) Land Status Vancouver Prince Rupert (Coast) Prince Rupert (Interior) Prince George Kamloops Nelson Total 121,264,805 2,552,540 944,160 4,286,487 7,614,703 4,193,036 132,376,208 15,697,294 15,630,299 7,662,943 2,363,181 24,176,817 15,630,299 5,112,149 8,520,737 12,775,092 10,883,918 94,799 188,921,180 128,924 126,024,762 14,667 157,142,889 6,114 59,188,915 244,504 29,084,140 7,788,520 34,143,605 594,505,491 Pulp-timber sales 7,788,520 9,394,414 9,394,414 Tree-farm licences ~ Miscellaneous 66,332,873 6,321,697 20,243,118 2,850,712 10,252,418 257,174 7,957,361 2,192,071 9,151,612 1,585,117 27,328,595 632,556 141,265,977 13,839,327 Sub-totals, Crown 433,683,485 2,139,133 121,341,429 73,599,376 72,294 44,653,197 255,051 138,855,658 106,762 66,587 754,963 7,135,156 173,124,932 4,452,002 6,834,127 3,601,233 4,472,795 11.909.772 98,963,919 148,570 441,242 6,593,198 1,932,511 2.876.642 962,880,567 7,067,050 Crown grants— To 1887 128,723,560 1887-1906 1906-1914 1914 to date 6,438,301 2,464,863 7,960,059 1,299,669 1,221,579 8,492,395 7,133 303,882 849,206 18,006,121 11,150,593 39,223,230 Totals 574,027,270 84,685,313 46,068,469 146,919,126 204,394,861 110,956,082 1,167,051,121 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 95 e S Q i as O Q Z < i z o n Q 1 W PQ P ir rs cn as m es Tf rs r~ vo r- 01 r- f r- rs CO ft rt low © so cn er © r- m v cS © t- © in in © Tf tt ^i.m * : **! ^ "T. *> m ft ft ft r- en © t- cl es r-rHCJsm CSft(NVD r. VO VD OO O oo rn cs r-- oo rn <n en es o\ cs t> rs ft en Tf vo t- © 00 cs oo © 3 ©t-ivovo Tf r" ft" Os *— en ri cn oeTftr-en Tt ci vp*©m" rioo"rnen oo"ft © rn t> © r- en in i r- © ft ft ft © ; cs en oo © ft CS rH ft en co ft OO rH rH 00 © rH Tf VO 00 TH c« m © es © cn © en r- oo es o cS oo en m rn cn H Tf vO ©" ci ©* vienci C- vi rH ci vo" wi © en vo* Tt*vp*vo es r- rn © >n Tf m m Tf r~ oo ft rir-M rn m rs rH rH rH VO CO rH ! r-1 r^TtTtft i ft rH © f- CS rn vo ft es oo ft en ft m ft cn r-cNvom csrHvooo ft r- rH rH ; u vo cN c- in i ft ft m so © en m rn vimhr- vo en cS t— r> vp oo en ! u rHTtVOC^ ! 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U Vi OJ 2 & i 00 5 t « 1 «3 ! 1 z i\ 0 I to <M *" 33 3 53 3 CJ «H "« Cfl Di o « 1 «*-! '*-' l*H '•H 1E 8* 3 .5 c P fi r 3 .5 0 > «*!: U U rC 3 .S Q CJ 3 .9 c CJ £ S1 3.9 3 2 «^ 3 S a i 1 e •2 2-a 3.S C | CJ EfcUaU K-SfeUJU K .9 Ph O ^ 0 a •g ft 0 hJ U PE SfaOhJU ffi'SCLi0^4U Kshuju pq > 0- &H Ph X % H 96 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS VOLUME OF WOOD REMOVED UNDER RELOGGING AT REDUCED ROYALTY (10) AND STUMPAGE, 1952-61, IN THOUSAND CUBIC FEET Year Salvage Wood Year Salvage Wood (MCu.Ft.) (MCu. Ft.) 1952 732 1957 3,663 1953 1,053 1958 1,427 1954 1,888 1959 1,257 1955 1,209 1960 1,976 1956 1,795 1961 1,813 Ten-year average, 1952-61, 1,681 M cu. ft. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 97 I xn H P O vi CQ I O -I < < p Z Z < Q w > o CU 53 pi a Q Z p 0 z I w PL, o w oi q <! 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CJ "CPh J= u is z* mcnThftrHcnt-ftTtcs Ttvot—ocSoor-r-Osoo en en r-irHrHeScScScscsescj cs u CSftV^^rHcnrHQrHTf ©enesooTfftooooovp rHcS©oo©rHvoesm--H rH P s? ft u g 3 H rH 0 1 <4H cncsrH©rHmftenr--m csenmvovo©ft©©Tf OO V) cn Tf m m m rs £ 8 fi . Eis enTtr^©rHinvovotnes m -1 u Z* rH rH rH rS CS CS CS CJ oooocncsvpr-enftvpTf rHftrHavTfcnr—r—ftas m > m tj to ftoocnTfcocsr-ftTfm r- rt <h •IJ ■rHOOOOmOrHCftrHrHt- C co r-■moooooor^Tfmooi-H u u co s Oi—ir—^Ospoocnoo©© V) M ci est ci' Tt Tf Tf m" vi vo r-" Tt it £3 Ph S u enTtftencncnr-vot—ft m 3 8 r-irHi-HrMcScscsencncn rs g* 7 cs m ft H 3 i H CJ* oc a u CJ § u ca <u >. c CJ H r- er- Tf V VC IS oc ft lC m v- m tr m vo vo ft ft ft ft ft a ft ft ft ft. Sue O C 3 r-" rt "O i 3 !§ u -H a> ■a c '3 J3S o»" i- aj oo O ^ u &32 Csm '" o 5 •a tS - P o ■V ft * u c ° ±1 M s •h u 2 111 98 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS O w ►J < o H O H cScjTfcnsoinincor-rH | u TfTtr-cncscjooftcsr- ©CSO — 00 OO rH © SO Tf en mt—mmr-rHftmmcn 00 — -j cnftmooorH\o©ooen r- -1 mmftr-eSrHoomen© [H. cn©ocso-Hr-vOrHoscs en y cn cn Tt oo —imcsesmso m rHrHrHfncnTfinsor- cn ;©Ttft'-HTrsor--©© Tf CJ ©scrscocnTfco©© CS o ©scrSftmcsft©so © ft .5-3 — sp—-encsvpoooft © msoftsoftr-Tf©es 5J r--H©Tfooooocj© r* 3 U 3r3 ftcmoor-TfcsmTf © co©rHco©m-Hoom cn_j 3 '> 3 1 -HrHrHrSCScncnTt CS i» Tfoocnr-'oo—'Tfcsco cSeScnTfmspsPr-r-■ sg Ph 3 to 1-° «_, o o eSt—OseSTfscvOvOoof- © O — cnftcnoocSrHftt-vor- es CSTfftTf—IrHcnVOrHin en TJ o '5 r-soTtcsoftmeSTt rHrsvoftr-m©ftTt vi ft o 3 rH CS CS s u rt momfti>Tfcn©eso VD Uh cscNcscnTtmmmm en c ' h/'^ — fl « Cfl 1 cn © © rn m Tf S u iO to © © © ft rH m J £ to Tt in r> vo^ in cs ft 5 SIS cn cs cs r- Os rn ri CJ to ft Tf cs cs cn en ft H Cfl rt § u. ta cncsvpftr^vOTfTtr-so ©CCOrHTfOOr~©ftOS ,_, X> u .". WH Z, o © co^rHcnTtcscoinvoc- r^ CO m r~so"rH © co oo oo vi Tt 'Eh Jh ftsces©mft©ftftm r- § to Oh rHcsfncnTfTfTfenTfTf cn U B U mcnTtft-Hrnr-ftTtcs en 1* Ttvcr-©csoor—t—ftoo en rHr-T-cScScSCSCSCSCS CS ^ o©©oo©o©o o to © o o © © o c qqo^oqqc © © o to s© © m ,_, UL vO ©" Tf ci r> cn oc "ci ci CO § O © cn en vp cs ft c 00 Tf tt rn oo oo m m cr VO co_ vO rt 3 sj rH rH m t~~ C ' rir-" Tf to cs cs tr en rs CJ H I- I-. cnTti>©'-imvovoincs m 1* ri ri ri CS CS rl H ta — ©inrHCSrH.mcn'nftTr cs -HTf-HCseSr-Tfrnmas © c £ oor*TfTtrv^HinTtTtcs m CJ eses-Hmoscs©esoi> Tf CJ o cnTfcn—ivOrsspTfrHrH mTtsor-oospcsr-Tfft rJ 3 en 3 m ©t— ft *-llnTfOOrHOS cnTtTfsPcSeS-^rt-Ttt- CO s u es rH t-h rH rH CS CS eg « g is mTfftcncnmc-vOr-ft m H -HrHrHcscscSCScncnen rs vp cs in ft Ih *-• rt to u >< M ca u 5 tH rt u r*» 3 to H CN er Tf V SO tr ce ft m v vi m m m m m vp vo ft ft ft ft ft a ft ft as u J. U CJ to p u to s i o « I* . 2 a 5 o _ &"" o S 2 3 P M o c M — HI rt w o VJS £ll SOl ||0 « S 0 H N rt (13) REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 LOGGING INSPECTIONS, 1961 99 Type of Tenure Operated Number of Inspections Made Forest District Timber Sales Leases, Licences, Crown Grants, and Other Tenures Total Timber Sales Other Tenures Total Vancouver 1,230 762 1,851 2,157 1,088 1,295 182 1,558 1,998 1.430 2,525 944 3,409 4,155 2.518 4,732 2,838 4,415 3,874 2,471 2,861 538 979 603 1,261 7,593 3,376 5,394 Kamloops Nelson 4,477 3,732 Totals, 1961 7,088 6,463 13,551 18,330 6,242 24,572 Totals, 1960 7,249 5,120 12,369 (!) (!) 26,151 Totals, 1959... 6,273 4,898 11,171 (!) C1) 26,912 Totals, 1958. 5,936 4,341 10,277 (!) (!) 23,802 Totals, 1957 7,503 5,940 13,443 C1) (!) 25,253 Totals, 1956 7,492 5,841 13,333 (l) (!) 22,038 Totals, 1955 6,818 4,676 11,494 (!) (!) 22,355 Totals, 1954 5,855 4,877 10,732 C1) C1) 21,011 Totals, 1953 5,851 4,862 10,713 (!) (!) 20,656 Totals, 1952 5,822 5,716 11,538 (!) (!) 20,264 Ten-year average, 1952-61 6,589 5,273 11,862 23,301 i No breakdown made prior to 1961. I 100 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS a « en so es xf r- ri Tf en ? ft Vi Cl m Tt S 5 oo — vo r- oo es vO vO 00 Tf l> £s CS © rn' © r-1 i% Tf r-i —i t> vi en" © © Tf vd cn o en vo oo ft oo Tt ft ft m vO oo ri 8 c- Tf toQ oo ft vo r- cs Tf ft © © ri t-^ (> Cfl^1 Tf ft co in r- © ©' ©' ft" r-1 00 rs oo" cfl 3 <-9 ft rH -Tf CS ft Tf CS rs 00 cc ft fS SO tr> Ci rt rs en Tf ri cs cn CJ (S © «• en cn in Tf t- Tf en © Number of Resulting Seizures CS j CS T* •o to ,r. > P to n oo r~ Tf ft 00 rs a , 1 1 N r- oo © vo © CS CJ >n rH © t> ft cs SH rH ri cs" 1 1 1 ci Oh Tf tfl ! ! © 1 ft ft g ft m r- © en ft cs : vi r» Tf so' r* © s ft cn o ft t~~ CO VO t- ft © Ph f" cs CC in ft ©' m' ,-T ri ri cn *H Cfl . CJ H «-*! en Tt ft ft >n Tf oc r- a V es vO vO rl sC vp VO SO VO ■a^« Tf Tf 00 cn ft ft cn en CI os 5 rt w Qr= W Tf TJ r^" en _' 3: r^ ^f ft vo" J> <n vp ^C sp en r-i r- vo n r- ~ *c ~ rs cfl to cj GO ft cs ft cc oc r- >e Tf | Tf Tf _ Tf OO ri cn en ft ft ft ft Cl s 3 in vo in cn CS ft" sD cn Tf Tf ft Tf cn \6 ft. © 0 <a —1 ts f"" rH ~~' " " to m en t— Cl m r- vo u r~ r- sp r^ vo SO ■.-. en en CS a 1 : I Tf SO ©, m ft © cn cs l> H 1 m r-i rs rH in vo in rs" a ft ft Tt CO t- © r- tr ft Cfl oo © «n ! vo ™-co en © Tf CS © Tt oo ^ O *H rH^ | cn en 00 vO m en VO cl ft rH en o\ U cs" ; rt rH >n >c — — rs rH rs to *n vp © © en t © m r» C ,_, vO. so vo © cn to en en ft ci cS Cl s rS CJ e*> Cl V, r-, r^ ft CO Ph ft es r- so cn ft Tf Cl Tf 00 SO V- en Vi t- v> © es m ft r> sC ^c Tf OC' so © Cl < es cs r- c- Tf ri Cl 00 oc V, so a r- C en m Tt Cl Cl CS CL, ^ CO 1 rJ to to to ^ p CJ es vo rs rn Tf m Tf cl 00 ft SO 3 u <n r- ft cn m © cn CC SC © so Tf SC VO Ph vO r-_ r-; vrj vp^ in ft q ft t> cc t-» en ft so i^ m co 8 ft cs rJ so" © -H © Tf V) en Tt Tf ft. f- sC m t- -0 co cs vi r- CS Vi Tf X ft SC CS rn tT 5 *"" en en ri Tf* Tf Vt Tf Tf Tf Tf Tt to CJ > C ^ ca.. i* 23 vo m Tf vp Tf rn ft cs vo <n C*l oo CS Tf CC © OC OC 00 o Are Cul Ove (Acrs 00 ^O en rr, T> i vd CO SO fO cj *n Tt vi oo un cs ft Tf TT VO vo" Tf © 00 f* ft^ >n ©" in vO s£ B -q i <t-i m •+H 6 ° S r- Tt vi cs ft r* Cl r- en CO © ft. cn ft (S c =* ft d es r— © m r- m cs ■•o en ft. s cn rH —■ rn Vi m VO V. SO sC Tf ■* Tf Vi •a *a to M CJ 4Q s . 'Z! ci M rt I| T .S M rt _CJ CS tt to Cfl m ft 3 Cfl to O Ph © ft' oc r-i vp Tf cn C to" DO rt u to I SO ft vp V, ft ft ft in m ft ft »n ft Vt ft ft m ft rt ei cfl cfl cfl CO CA Cfl ua Efl (J to •a T) 1 P t to em •3 3 " | « •a « >s CJ 1 B « tH Sg 0 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 O to OJ t_EHHHHHHHHHH K i 6« og 2p< > nco nee nee d p H N **H rt *C 'c rt u > Q. 0- * Z REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 101 AREAS EXAMINED BY THE FOREST SERVICE FOR MISCELLANEOUS <15) PURPOSES OF THE LAND ACT, 1961 Forest District Applications for Foreshore Leases Applications to Purchase Miscellaneous Total Number Acres Number Acres Number Acres Number | Acres 14 23 111 272 2 8 90 141 4 12 205 181 20 406 Prince Rupert 43 594 Totals 37 : 383 1 10 231 16 386 63 1,000 (16) AREAS CRUISED FOR TIMBER SALES, 1961 Forest District Number Cruised Acreage Saw- timber (MC.F.) Pit-props, Poles, and Piles (Lin. Ft.) Shingle- bolts and Cord- wood (Cords) Railway- ties (No.) Car-stakes, Posts, Shakes, etc. (No.) Vancouver Prince Rupert... Prince George.. Kamloops... Nelson... Totals, 1961.. Totals, I960.. Totals, 1959.. Totals, 1958.. Totals, 1957.. Totals, 1956.. Totals, 1955- Totals, 1954... Totals, 1953- Totals, 1952.. Ten-year average, 1952-61 470 304 468 479 171 92,601 101,459 196,632 239,052 90,400 237,093 187,489 262,799 269,028 70,834 1,892 720,144 1,027,243 2,122 767,351 1,142,479 2,317 j 681,550 877,370 1,922 609,563 890,285 2,582 781,748 1,171,283 3,089 1,095,150 1,273,970 3,354 1,077,986 1,131,521 3,085 | 781,665 697,421 2,579 719,234 561,601 2,340 I 1,029,199 I 1,624,811 233,798 816,577 855,545 2,612,000 3,170,000 8,807,614 7,387,960 8,772,888 16,099,489 13,981,856 9,885,451 10,532,164 12,887,882 40,005,329 2,528 j 826,359 | 1,039,798 13,604,855 1,355 1,548 1,795 10,100 24,000 7,687,920 ; 14,798 29,050 27,753 24,316 39,254 44,287 16,819 76,859 12.328 13,405 24,000 13,809 26,875 34,430 95,209 128,432 145,525 76,310 141,313 989,144 29,887 167,505 112,800 20,000 184,685 7,800 1,070,000 1,395,285 1,405,370 1,124,400 1,146,719 1,149,133 1,916,510 501,820 1,127,346 694,182 518,652 1,097,942 (17) TIMBER-SALE RECORD, 1961 Forest District Sales Made Sales Closed Total Sales Existing Total Area (Acres) Area Paying Forest-protection Tax (Acres) Total 10-per-cent Deposit Vancouver Prince Rupert .. Prince George- Kami oops Nelson Totals- Cash sales Total sales.. 504 246 413 535 159 616 292 408 547 238 1,736 1,027 1,181 1,886 739 1,857 282 2,101 6,569 2,139 629,808 414,721 711,480 1,249,045 646,253 3,651,307 578,532 387,932 632,302 1,210,122 611,882 3,420,770 $6,236,771.84 1,393,999.37 2,169,649.02 3,508,756.29 1,969,421.36 $15,278,597.8 102 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS On Q W Q 2 I < Vi 8 < CO oi W ca S o p^ z o I Oh s o o u P rj cs o VO ft so C* Tf so in en Cl r^ H| rs r- rn m r- t-» r- (Kl en nn vo * oo O t- VO JO r* m to gag *j w a US S3 g in : m cs rn ~t VO vo m m M r- r- en rH i VO* t> o m in rH r- r- rH ^ p. Q rH *"• h U Tf ! rn in cS (N en t* Tt r— t~~ m g e 3 vo l oo r- oo m rn es oo TlgS r--_ : cn e» cs I in ft 00 r> rs © so oC OO ft" ft" so" >> ■a o > en r- cn in m 00 o = 5 S? «S g S SB "° 2 i &i cs r- Os Tf vo © rl cn m" rn m 00 © r^ Tf Ov vri Tf q ft VO ft r- Tf rt CO to " " 1-1 " £ 3 "o > rH 1 ^ in ft Tf m rs vo $ en ft 00 5 rH 00 rH CS rH <n Vi en r-p m 00 o > pa Si? Oi O0 —1 ft ft rH ft. en Tf co' © en ft CI Tf ft en 5 *» cs 0 O SSI en en vo Tf en rH «0 r- O vO Tt en r- o rH rH rH rH en sn Tf a £ CO ft OO 00 ft ft. t- t- OO r- r~ 00 ft to § 3 © en r^ so r- en r~ m ^^ ft *7v 3 r» Si A 00 U © r- cs en Tt °H ft ts en © Tf m o 00 rH ^H in ft ft © es r— © a m o > in -r- y-^ xt so ft rn m vo en rH r- CS CS r* v% m vo m •-•3-S" to *o 3 vo so rn rs Tf ft GO © «n 3 CO ft m Cl rs <s CJ ri' es cn cn tN JH (A oj to Mm Ucfl m m Tt m cs m ft Tf © 00 cs rs cs CS cn cs es es cs ■^ B rt on r& CO Tf so en in ft m vO 8 r> © © Tt — m m CS 3 O in cs Tf m rn 00 cc Os r~ rs rs © VO ri" rn ri en VO cs m C to co ! VO cS en WH so Tf Cfl to s«8 cn J Tf en rn cn cn in m cs CS Tf cs rt Cfl O.S *H o S8S u IH r-: £ m vo a r- Tf r-i so m S CQj-h Z pq e to 1*8 rH en y* rs ft vO Tf n oo Tf m m m © u B t— en en en vo Tf vo r- m in ft 00 so so ss^ JHJ to lip E 3 Z ft © en rs VO 00 in m © Tf m V0 CJ ft Tf CJ m a rn r- cn vo co ft vo cS en rn 00 ft ft ft ft g s r* 00 s g 00 r- 00 ft cs ft a 6 u o OS 0O rH rH VO Tf m CO © -^ ft Tf m © s U on rs r^ Tt r- r- Ss 3 2 rt '""' ,"H cs cs cs rs es iiiiii ci c>i oo r- vo vi tj en vovp<n«ninm»n»nin ftOsftftftOvOvftftv I-1 S o J 3 O S HHHHHHHHH gPSOg 888~§ > c > c a rt "to REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 103 oi H 03 W o >< m Q w 2 % Vi m j (* W m m vo Tf ft ft m m h q »o "S« Os ft en ft oo £ 3 m m cs rn Tf rt C Tt t> vo_ cs ©^ .5 > ft" cs vo VO* Tt" CS en ft en © *-■ to en m o ft r— w<* vo CS in vO rn = 8^ | °'8g Cs" zjE* 0 a« S r> cs? ! in en ! vi © !©© i £ °~ o <d g ! © m ZU£ t ** Cl o « o dScH J5« S ° )S » oUm Z ts zu O CA . to ZH . u O O ZU oo ;s* -la O rt ZM tfl Q CS CS VD ft ft —! co vo oo en CS co en oo vo CS r-T rn cS rs Sin oo in oo rH t~- rH CO cs <n cS ft ft rf en ci §8883 o vj> in (>C> O th m" in en" oo co cn Os Tt ft VO_ t> Tf VO oo en v7 Tt" © VO VO rH CS Tf © CO f- VO rH m cs Tt vo cs to ;«iO _j ft oo r— VO v> Tf en eS „ vovoininininininvivi 5 ftOsftftftftftftftft ^ *"1 '"I „ *"1 '"I i ""I - . H jfltfltfl^cfl oj oj oTofojcflto SiCieGei&CiGSCiCieil^ ooo'Soooooo cj HHHHHHt-HHHH >0h £*iz 104 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS oo n < tt! CQ z O 3 o cn oi w « H < eo Z O M h Q 3 O u g w 5 Ph g 00 D PQ Q 5 00 < oo W o 2 Oh S D H oo tq O < W > lH to , 8«ta OOOOO© m es Tf r- Tt Tf © m o . g£ft 3t?E COO ft r- VO s es m Tf en en th 'tt £pU © O © in >n m ft ft. ft. C- cs cl ft So 2aa""" 1 cs ft rs ft c- es cl Ph © © © © O © © n #« "to u a Cfl < « © i rt v> t-> Vi Vi cj tU (J lH~ T to f 1 Ph rj co i-h oo r- o -h vO u Uh rn w-i © m m vo in r. © r-. Tf CJ m" ci es ci e^i ci Vi en rt vO ft m cs en m Vi ft o cS Vi to • u . go. •n o O in vc rs Eft. oo m Tf m os ■^, ft r— ft t— Tt so rs in y* vo r- m Vi *n t- r- c- co rn -ct oo" en" ft" m" Tt" ©" en £S C- r- r- en en r- r- -H CS CS oo tH to J* &tH © © © : © o vO en © ! © oo © vO It to , «>&Hh ©OOOOO rn m © v, © ft 8 t3 opu © © © : m m ft ft ft : cs cs 1 © © © «n m m ft rs Os r- r- r- A CS ta CS M to O Ch OOO ! © © © .— Ph © © o o © © © Vi Vi to a Vi (J U~ oo o ft ! r- © © Q tH^ VO © CO Tf Tf rH Tf VO ft rn rH m © B at cJrJr! ! © rn' Ih Ph q X vi ' Vi 6 Vi Vi ift 2U in vi Vi i r- o rs Eft ao Tf -^ vp r- cs in Tf m -rf © oo r- CO 8 r^ m t— Tf en t- ft r- >s vo en i rn r^ rs 3 tH to O P-tL U o . 2 °. °. ° © O O so Tt ft m oc O ft « . ■c So ft So ] © © j m © © in vo m Tf cs r- Tf rs 1 so VO so 1 «n ft ft r- r~ r- r- : : i rs r- r- M rH O O © O O © A ; : ! rs o s to u B a CO Vi Vi to Vi rH Tf U tL U «H™ A. (j CN m OO Tf rH VO vo ft u r* ci cs' es cs i-^ r^ 69- cs" Vi ca H | i ( en rs Vi ci Vi Eft. eft. ao Tt Tt en Vi ds as rH r. © C- ©^ Tf CS ft vo^ ! i ! ft CO CO >s rH rn Tf in CS cs lH to . o o © © o o © tH to . © i i °2 © U rHfi. .ii «rs rs cS Tt rn v> en O © © inif) ft ft Os CS CS cs I in rs to «&rH .1^ "rs es A ! 00 VO oo A Tf Ph o © © o © o PS rS i ! 1 t- rH rH rt to oj [£ ■r- torj Ph rj i— O vo © CO Os Tf ft en CS so rn ft to LX< •C£U ft (j S ! ! r- ■—' y- O CS o CS rH CS rH © rH Vi Vi £ CS i Vi ' ■ CS cs cs Vi Eft r— : : : Os en ft E* 2U 00 © ft O 00 rH SO ft m r-~ rn cS oo" en r-T Tf" >2 r» u , 8? 828 o VO u © ; i : © © r- | j ! Tf VB s o^Eh en vo ft CO C- en -ii urs o i i Tf in vi ft rs t- © rH (S 1 in r- ^ 1 ) ]22 A vo -b PS O r- r- to OS *h ; ; | en rs rH rH CO rt Vi Vi Ph Vi W3- U r<~ •ego A. u o el U r.^ ft CJ *n i i vo r- 00 V\ rH j CO © ft VO 2 £ <1 t«3 en ! ! ! Os ft o\ o Q » ' w> 6Q. I i i to "„• ift au m 1 ! 1 rH 00 rs 3U — so r- en 00 © ft VDr-VO Tf rs i • cs r- rs C- rH >2 m m rH es >S I | to CJ i ; i i to to C to 'C Cfl r^X > ■^ ^ o Uh Ph ■S3 OH Ph 0 CtS Q t tt & U 0 i to u t- u a P. 5 „ u !h o tL. u lH o rH to 3 3 to g 8 8 8 S|§ rt O H to 3 3 to g gPnPSO § 0 to to to O O O Q u? Scene g St 1 c c a fi E M rt > V- U Ph Pi C rt to 2 rt > P- P. M z REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 105 2 a! < tt, W 2 H Z o w aa | oo Z O 2 3 o2 5 z H B oo 3 Q H 3 to co CU ffi a* - GO H 2 LU Ph Vi ,H nz b p w g| W j g M 2 oo ffl to r^ 2 Ph w O < Oh 2 D w 0 < Pi > tH OOOOO © u © © O C 2 o o HWWVJN v . Os rH Cft 0s CO ft ftgu en cS th ts CS en" u 3-b. o en" Tf r-^ Tf" ("*■ O © in m in r- vo v~) r- cS 1 m rS ■cSo ft So 70-1 60- 55- 75-1 25-1 1 in « rH — © to Oi r-I rH * o s rt Cfl *c"3 Vi Vi 'to 3 C/3 Vi Vi ft u O o Tf in oo rH [- OS CS © vo Os 8^-ft IS" m t— Tf in oo oo co -<t ft cs ft PQ CS rn' ' rr" rn' CS rH rH rH rH rs Vi Vi 5 ft o tr> Vi Eft. ao oo es en so **n Tf £ft ao rH CS CS rH Tf o vo r- co r- rn en m vo en rn r- en cS t- m Tf m cs 0\ m rH VO^ CO *** cs'cs" so" oo" en oo os" vo r> >s in rn cl u en so o o CO ft o en J- OOOOO oc © Tf t- rS o rs ■c «u ft§u c f cs 5 © es rs © n Tf" 1 m tt ooU ft So 00- 2. 60- 3. 60- 1. 75- 2. 25- 4. Tf" 1 m 2 IS C- eft cl cs CO u cs rM M rH rH © PS rs *-" d to o i a V5- » to 6r> y> o ^ft rH CO t SO Tt Tt « tu en m co vo O >5 en oo m r- *""J '|aO rS vo 0s ft en Tf CS rH cs" rs u ci ci © ft o Vi t/> 5 ft O Vi Vi H 3U ft -H vo © vo Srr" in © r- m Tf OS C- rH Tf SO m" vo r- oo 00 1 Tf" gft ao m en in cs co CS VO rH rH (S^ ci 3 en ^s rs en ^s to , © o o © o rn rH VO Tf ON o Tf to . so en O en to P-tL ftiu vo" rn cs so" cs' © o in m m VO 1 m uD-Uh ftlo Tt vi © m in 1 m Os cc oc t— r- t- q r» r* OS rH rH o ss ri d u Vi Vi rC Vi V9- B o . ft en —I VO rn rn Tf to o^ft , , ■ rn r— vO a CO "n ft Tf ft vo ri H r-1 r-' rl t> rt H XgO i i riri ci ft o Vi Vi ft y 1 ' ' Vi Vi •„■ o rn o — en m~ Wr,' 1 ,-« (-5 ,_, Eft. ao O r- o O r-» © vo ft en ft Tf oo Id i Os vo [ Vi n in r* rn rs m in en CO 1 CS rs" £s |s u © O ! O © © M i i o a © O en rn I rs Tf Tf to VO 00 00 ft So eS cs cn* cn" AA dW CO SO ; rs cs en 1 «n es to&riH to to, • " rtU ! \AA I : Tt Tf ci i M rH rH | rH d B Ph Pi . — ™ rH |H rt Vi Vi Vi Vi u O « . ft ££0 ft o ft ft rH C; CS* rH 00 VD in so *. O ! i cs m ! © vo ! i r-i ri rs r- Vi Vi *to Ph rj 1 ' ' Vi M- > Eft 3U en oo Tt r- SO_ OO Tf CC vo vo oo en m Tf Tf 1* : © Tt : cs so Tf 00 £s " ^S V ft SSvcm © Ov |H Oil©© •n | i o\ co © Ov u &S, O j Tf Tt VI d «>nft vo" j r-' Tf* r^ tH S JfO ft So 1 Ml © ; m m in es jieirc 7 Vi Vi •cSd ftSo 1 !nr © | ! en en A © E Ifl rt •a 3 o Q es m* ; Vi d vi to .B Ph K es" ! i cn © Vi rH csi s^ft ft u m i © es co m i vi m © VO j rH CS CS Tf CS Tt" u 15 s^ft ?su t- ! © vo cs ! I © eft en" i i in" rn OO q d Vi ' Vi £ ft o Vi ' ' rH rH r- co Ift ao r- cs in en ft C- Tf 00 Ift so VI I [ViC- rn I I VO ©n CO vq a\ vi rH ci cn vd es i c- Os Ss £s to u | j to Q 3 a u CJ 'u > o > 0 XS s Cfl t M CL o 5 t CJ to CI (H 0 to o H U to > 0 c c « > C 3 Oh Q C C 'C PL 0 to 0 to 0 0 w c 0 c £ « a 0 V, to z V] 0 H u M O tL Ih to > 3 O (J c rt > D 3 Ph W to .£ Ih P- 0 to 0 to 2 3 Z PL Q c 8 E 0 I "to z Cfl 3 s H 106 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS oo ffl J < GO Oi ffl a 2 2 o P4 ffl Q ffl § 00 Q Z < b o oi ffl « 2 3 ^ OS 39a aw at g oi u to .j !5 to •S to r: ^ on r-» k r; ■* * r- 1 T. ft 00 in c~ ft Ov 00 O — CS r- t*. M rH rH rH & m r- sr m VI Tt cS vp rs rs •O rN ft m 00 © ri es Tt IO rs m ft o r- Tf t> vo en 3 VI VI Tf Tt en ■ j r- o m ; j Cl so o Tf cn ft OO VD O rH -h © Tf rs SO CO OO H Tfen Tt «n" oo IS vo c> CS en" oo f— ft Vi en O cj vo © m m r- rH rn so cn r- m en en cs cs co Tt t— rn co in rn m in vO O^ oo^ vo^ en S" oo os co" vo" in ^h m m r~ vo Tt m Tt Os rs is rn en en en r- oo m en Tt Tf rs in en vo C* vo vp rH ft © CS en o oo cs rlHinri en en rs oo" rs rs Tf m en Tf OS rH rH rH © ft H O Tf r- c- r- t- © vi © © O rH rs so Tf oo 00 ft ft ft ^ H ^ s ri .rs 3 o O oo SO K rr, m <r> as * VO m 8 5 8 VP 3 c- vo o VD © as Tf HL SL ""_ rrL rS rr. oo ft SO rs Tf o rr, ft 00 © VI rs 00 Tf n- os E> 00 * rj r— rH CJ in t- m "* 1-1 ,_, no S ^ O CO 8 ft Tf CS 00 00 g ns vp m en m in cs m no r— 3 CS ^r; © w Vi m cn Tf m o« s a o J 3 u iaJO 00 r» sO Vi Tf j i en ci vi m m vi m ft ft. ft ft ft o o o o o o o H H H H H H H e2(2 Sf Si. ± 00 S a I e E S e,ft WZ (23) REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 SAW AND SHINGLE MILLS OF THE PROVINCE, 1961 107 Operating Shut Down Sawmills Shingle-mills Sawmills Shingle-mills Forest District Number Estimated Eight-hour Daily Capacity, MB.F. Number Estimated Eight-hour Daily Capacity, MB.F. Number Estimated Eight-hour Daily Capacity, MB.F. Number Estimated Eight-hour Daily Capacity, MB.F. Vancouver- 191 222 564 559 242 7,963 1,859 7,305 8,211 3,687 52 6 2 881 30 6 63 | 302 80 | 413 199 j 1,580 105 | 627 112 691 2 1 6 23 Prince George... Kamloops Nelson.. -., 5 21 Totals, 1961 1,778 29,025 60 917 559 | 3,613 9 49 Totals, 1960 1,938 29,432 44 950 558 | 3,381 17 93 Totals, 1959... . . 2,005 28,280 65 1,138 587 | 3,975 6 23 Totals, 1958- 2,010 27,694 56 1,141 586 | 4,007 9 37 Totals, 1957- 2,255 26,752 58 1,390 514 1 3,124 10 121 Totals, 1956 2,435 29,080 66 1,381 390 | 2,013 8 15 Totals, 1955 ... 2,489 28,016 72 1,804 404 | 2,285 3 19 Totals, 1954- 2,346 25,602 57 1,108 367 ] 2,281 13 22 Totals, 1953 2,413 23,300 59 1,121 286 | 2,186 12 47 Totals, 1952 2,223 23,433 59 1,173 332 | 2,092 24 117 Ten-year average, 1952-61 _ 2,189 27,061 60 1,212 458 | 2,896 11 54 (24) EXPORT OF LOGS (IN F.B.M.) 1961 Species Grade No. 1 Grade No. 2 Grade No. 3 Ungraded Fuel-logs Total i m . :•: Fir 1,924,044 3,542,597 3,375,588 233,014 6,721,498 7,651,330 11,581,720 1,880,836 2,676,345 17,345,406 7,473,439 18,795,103 3,000,086 7,678 16,259 216,363 51,820 15,451 3,462 14,321,973 28,547,011 Spruce — - 22,447,006 12,188,607 21,125,316 138,957 2,334 4,302 458,189 20,790 1,145,156 553,524 40,543 Cypress — — 14,193 1,745,764 14,193 314,107 869,965 Totals, 1961 9,216,534 28,611,982 48,009,763 12,202,800 3,311,119 101,352,1981 Totals, 1960 1,391,803 5,351,398 20,872,330 11,805,419 890,260 40,311,210 Totals, 1959 486,685 2,601,653 19,608,208 3,999,901 1,839,030 28,535,477 Totals, 1958 734,991 3,727,452 16,164,689 3,715,124 3,762,411 28,104,667 Totals, 1957- - 524,180 3,987,443 22,016,291 5,625,910 3,421,354 35,575,178 Totals, 1956. 183,859 2,933,129 27,433,037 12,929,722 3,530,479 47,010,226 Totals, 1955 906,141 7,468,949 58,863,477 16,974,165 4,754,796 88,967,528 Totals, 1954 3,948,345 19,595,544 90,691,771 17,465,267 9,274,995 140,975,922 Totals, 1953 5,341,576 15,853,076 74,187,464 18,974,550 5,788,905 120,145,571 Totals, 1952 4,732,890 15,944,292 84,757,110 18,400,266 1,161,660 124,996,218 Ten-year average, 1952-61 2,746,700 10,607,492 46,260,414 12,209,312 3,773,501 75,597,419 i Of this total, 31,272,030 f.b.m. were exported from Crown-granted lands carrying the export privilege; 70,080,168 f.b.m. were exported under permit from other areas. 108 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS (25) SHIPMENTS OF POLES, PILING, MINE-PROPS, FENCE-POSTS, RAILWAY-TIES, ETC., 1961 Forest District and Product Quantity Exported Approximate Value, F.O.B. Where Marketed United States Canada Other Countries Vancouver—- Poles Piling. _ lin. ft. Stakes and sticks - Fence-posts— pieces Cedar shakes „ Christmas trees — „ Prince Rupert—Poles. lin. ft. Prince George—■ Poles _ lin. ft. Piling - „ Poles and piling ,, Fence-posts. pieces Hewn ties „ Kamloops—■ Poles - _ lin. ft. Poles and piling „ Fence-posts — — cords Christmas trees pieces Nelson-^ Poles _. lin. ft. Poles and piling „ Corral-rails.. „ Hop-poles — ,, Mine-timbers ,, Mine-props cords Cordwood „ Fence-posts Christmas trees Total value, 1961.. Total value, 1960.. ..pieces 5,089,350 6,513,254 310,000 4,190 25,377,643 55,892 3,515,953 198,720 24,372 165,875 64,255 3,907 3,283,710 468,230 948 868,274 487,680 3,940,053 89,460 7,318 225,432 52 17 6,181 1,250,212 $2,069,783.82 1,850,239.69 2,200.00 1,382.70 1,586,092.50 83,838.00 1,336,044.14 73,526.40 6,093.00 40,468.75 16,063.75 5,665.15 1,050,787.20 117,057.50 37,920.00 520,964.40 151,181.00 2,302,292.00 1,789.00 146.00 12,399.00 728.00 184.00 358,498.00 787,634.00 $12,412,978.00 3,406,756 16,821 310,000 1,190 25,337,143 55,892 2,074,672 143,160 1,271,840 58,030 43 857,622 199,080 2,208,850 7,318 1,179 1,025,174 428,335 259,404 1,441,281 55,560 24,372 165,875 64,255 3,907 2,011,870 410,200 905 10,652 288,600 1,731,203 89,460 255,432 52 17 5,002 225,038 $9,938,357.35 1,254,259 6,237,029 40,500 (26) SUMMARY OF EXPORTS OF MINOR PRODUCTS, 1961 Product Volume Value Per Cent of Total Value lin. ft. 12,575,413 6,537,626 4,574,158 225,432 310,000 89,460 7,318 2,174,378 25,377,643 68,445 3,907 7,129 52 17 $4,681,322.56 1,856,332.69 2,459,818.25 12,399.00 2,200.00 1,789.00 146.00 1,392,436.40 1,586,092.50 17,446.45 5,665.15 396,418.00 728.00 184.00 37.7131 Piling „ 14.9548 19.8165 0.0999 0.0177 Corral-rails - „ 0.0144 0.0012 Christmas trees pieces 11.2176 12.7777 0.1405 0.0456 3.1936 0.0059 Cordwood „ - _ ,, 0.0015 $12,412,978.00 100.0000 (27) REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 TIMBER MARKS ISSUED, 1952-61 109 Ten-year 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Average, 1952-61 Old Crown grants 696 381 528 609 480 320 215 299 315 268 411 Crown grants, 1887- 1906 201 134 175 218 207 108 93 103 115 121 148 Crown grants, 1906- 1914 204 136 160 171 172 97 93 125 123 121 140 Section 55, Forest Act.. 538 409 485 653 655 460 362 524 517 470 507 Stumpage reservations 62 95 69 95 82 59 89 108 116 117 89 Pre-emptions under sec tions 28 and 29, Land Act 8 7 13 10 3 24 1 1 30 2 10 31 6 10 46 1 7 23 7 9 9 21 1 4 15 3 4 8 3 6 Indian reserves 22 2,594 2,881 2,786 3,130 2,859 2,239 1,900 1,926 2,136 2,141 2,459 Special marks and rights-of-way 98 63 44 43 71 74 80 85 113 91 76 Pulp leases — 6 3 1 6 1 1 7 1 1 5 3 1 Totals 4,428 4,139 4,280 4,968 4,589 3,389 2,855 3,201 3,456 3,349 3,865 Transfers and changes of marks 983 744 780 867 873 615 598 669 794 691 761 CROWN-GRANTED TIMBER LANDS PAYING FOREST-PROTECTION TAX (28) AS COMPILED FROM TAXATION RECORDS, 1952-61 Year Acreage Assessed as Timber Land Coast Interior Logged Timber Logged Timber 1961 .. 490,061 500,837 502,001 698,470 614,095 723,103 783,517 801,983 757,516 718,284 Acres 145,439 139,651 125,883 133,100 146,535 205,503 221,934 236,350 201,264 203,249 Acres 201,955 213,465 238,285 271,717 288,046 389,396 429,350 429,037 444,014 433,496 Acres 73,275 77,347 71,509 194,640 88,580 64,606 69,822 69,416 27,692 29,418 Acres 69,392 1960 70,374 1959.. 1958.. 66,324 99,013 1957 90,934 1956 1955-. 1954 63,598 62,411 67,180 1953 84,546 1952 52,121 110 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS (29) ACREAGE OF TIMBER LAND BY ASSESSMENT DISTRICTS District Alberni . Acres 11,255 Comox 88,983 Cowichan 87,844 Cranbrook 4,174 Gulf Islands 1,313 Kamloops 80 Kettle River 752 Lillooet 4,026 Nanaimo 108,891 District Acres Nelson-Slocan 90,444 Prince George 2,127 Prince Rupert 13,991 Princeton 1,899 Quesnel Forks 40 Vancouver 1,754 Vernon 34,805 Victoria 33,363 Omineca 4,320 (30) FOREST REVENUE Twelve Months to Dec. 31, 1957 Twelve Months to Dec. 31, 1958 Twelve Months to Dec. 31, 1959 Twelve Months to Dec. 31, 1960 Twelve Months to Dec. 31, 1961 ' Ten-year Average, 1952-61 Timber-licence rentals and fees Timber-berth rentals and fees Timber-lease rentals and fees Timber-sale rentals and fees Timber-sale stumpage Timber-sale cruising and advertising Timber royalties Grazing permits and fees Forest-protection tax Miscellaneous — $365,193.26 19,486.74 70,455.47 380,963.43 26,327,150.06 245,542.40 1,838,162.25 69,041.15 459,312.26 156,060.04 $362,192.71 19,335.48 70,780.38 425,867.87 21,355,873.18 225,790.42 1,719,957.61 73,093.16 500,914.85 132,917.72 $362,825.25 19,910.61 70,094.39 435,589.31 23,092,737.28 252,985.19 1,890,590.96 86,506.29 510,661.47 121,287.96 $363,597.80 18,712.81 76,493.46 452,788.69 26,374,420.04 277,345.73 2,281,028.09 101,240.36 456,491.27 121,461.72 $366,600.53 21,929.03 59,071.23 480,803.23 24,554,147.30 377,755.89 2,245,313.71 119,876.87 569,749.95 134,824.47 $369,794.19 19,998.89 66,746.78 341,257.23 20,845,992.31 230,254.36 2,049,941.12 90,223.69 113,923.82 Totals.. $29,931,367.06 $24,886,723.38 $26,843,188.71 $30,523,579.97 $28,930,072.21 $24,128,132.39 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 111 m Z o < O O z 0 a o j H Z o < Q W o tti « o z p o 2 < VO Tf fl DC r- 00 rt 0> en t- OC O WS t- VD rH © SO 00 -TT OJ cN cn rH q r- o rt m IS CC' rt O rH ON Vi Vt cn ON VP d 3 CN od S t^ tr- v, oo o fN Tf r- t-> <N as 8 00 ri -O^'tKtN Tf SC r- in m © m ts CN o H r~ rn en « in o s Tf OS s r^. VO Tf CN r" •-h ■■* o oo c- O^ so on rn oo fN « CM fN (N in rt 00 OO Os Tt r- rt Tf m 00 rn (S rn vo* fN 00 (N r- Tf o Tf' OS as" oo" m fN rt r-i fN rt rt CM CN Vi M Vi Vt fr> Vi vt vi Vt in Vi Vi SO t- © 00 Tf Vi en r-~ rt~ on" tr- SO r> cc CN xr- Forest Development Fund Os rn oo -^ rn tr-t Vi vo t> © Vi o rt rt Ov vi *0 © fN 00 rt rH so" rH Tt ri —* m' —! •r-i rn t- ri oo so oo cn q r-so Tt Tt ON cc VO 00 o tr- m CN rn r> o rt m 00 l> in Q0 m f- Tt rH r-T t- rt* T)"' OC 0v" __' ri —r rl ri CC m Vi rN O oo oo m Os as rt rt cc r- rn n «r> 00 rs m r» n Vt Vt «■ Vi *ft o^ v> «■ Vt rt 3 CO SO Vi T* so 00 CN SO sd SO vo ri 3 u"0 ON C" ON r- in so' © rt so rt CO rt On oo sC S m «■ 6r> __" ^* 4A ; Vi «■ l j ; 1 m Drest serve count mber | m cc 1 I \ i ft^<H I cn r> t> r- O SO 1 1 n Vt- CO Os „ Tf tr- CN rH OO as Rentals, Cruising, Advertising Transfer Fees t^ t- OS T- rH rt fN C^ Tf r-; Tf tr-t Tf Vi in os rn r-' l> rs Tf v\ oc vd XT- r^ rt in Tt in Vi en y* — tr- o Tf o rn r- r- 00 Tf tN r- Tt rH rn 0\ rH r* r- r^ © tN vi -t y Tt tr- q m rn m SO O o' q Os CN in SO ON no" rt as m so" m o ri f rt CO Vi CS Tf m rH (N m rH CN o ON ON Os 00 m T* Tf OO t/3- ^J" Vi «r> Vt tr> t«- 6ft «r> Vi Vi CN tft ■^i Tf~ ON vo rt m ^5~ ^" c* oo r- on m m oo t> rn © sq [^ OS r- t> fN l> Os rj tj; rn o DO ca a O rn cN O cn © rt 00 as t> © ©' rt ri in rn r- Os Os oo Tf OC ON tN r- 00 t~~ rt m Os t- r- O Tf Os o rt SD ■o cn CC Tf SO 00 Tt i rn so m oo o rn Tt" Os un m 00 o* no' o ON vo o os o as 3. « OJ oo ^o CN m ON NO m o p 00 O tN 00 Tf rt CC as a>. e> Tt CO Os CN cn m CN rt r- m o SC 00 ON Tf Tf Tt Vi CN CN fN fN CN n (N Vi «■ 6r> Vi «■ Vi Vi Vt Vi tr> Vi C- rH CC ON fN rt s in Cl ON T m 00 Os O a-. so U^J m rH rt rt CO vo 00 OS o $ Tf r^ as 00 Tf' ON in vo* C « "A o OS CN rt o r^ K— o rt fN "3 w rt o (N 0\ t- C-; l> CN •a a 3 oh Vi O vi Os rn 00* g oC cn" s0" N m" vO ON O as cc r- m m m •n oo CO OO rH Os fN q r* as r^ T* m m m tr- Ph Vi Vi Vi V5- «r> fcfi- fir> «- w Vi 00 CN V\ ^5- cc rt VO r-~ rT __ x~ O rs 13 OOO Is © Tt Tf ri t- OJ 00 rt ™ CN rt CM (-" rH od © £ r-* cn d PH ON rt On' rn W 2$ 3 r^ m m OC CO r- *3 * ot CN o Ift vO SC o ££ Os ac CO ON CN vO SO 2 so' ON Tt" TT O SO r- fN 00 rH ! I ! r» CN fN fN fN vi ! 1 ! Vi Vt Tf Vi On" Vt fN Vt m «r> c rn O Vi on" rt Vi on in o m © vi Tf rn os © g; ■ H »H CO CJ 3 (N NO rt 00 ri r-; ■H CN rt O 00 SO C- rH Tf Tf -H C d r» Tf Tt rn as' Tf u 5 .J2 u ^t oo r- in Tt O CN (N oi rt o fN 00 r- OXHHtN v. r- rt t- as o q, sC r* •n 2 cs Tf Tf Tf In rH ON o o r^i m CN o On' CN CN 6ft Vt "" tft » Vt {^ Tt w- Vi SO Vi Os av r-l Vi (SlriNwO r-i IO rN SO OS O Tf m rH 00 io Tf OO t*J Tf ON rt Tt q >» Os fN od r-° in" r-i © ON tN rt m Tf" OC rt —' —< o o cn oo r— o OI -t CN SO "2 o 00 Os rt en o r- cs rn Tf OC m q sq rt o so o cn o vt -rt m in Tf' rt SC 00 rt 0? Tf r> | Tt Tf 00 Tt CN rt 00 00 rt SO ON Tf cn rH rH 00 vO 00 CN fN o CN N fN CN r-i fN fN CN Vi 'Si ^9- CA Vi Vt t>9- lr> te- Vi &e- W VO T CN Os _u '"T tH o Vi 00 3 m u 0 > pH O ON oo t— vo in Tf rt cN « VO un m m. m in m in in rt ON ON Os ON Os 0s ON On Os Efl ta ta vj vt ta ta rt Q rt rt cn m Si ft si rt si ei c O O O O 0 o o o O 0 u 0) 3 U 3 tHtMr^^r^r^f^^r.,^^ §«OS O 0) 4> O g o u u rs O c c c £ s > ft. rt u a 112 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS oi < ffl > ffl •< O Vi ffl Vt Z O I—( H < oi ffl ffl O o z o o o ffl H z < Q ffl o < a o v> H z o a < 5 H t.4, §•§•11 .SSc lag a m.S o rH fi WUH r/] 8 5 £ 2^ PhU^H m O cn Tf o -H 1— SO Tf fN l> ON CN^ rH © CO fN Os"sD rH so co r* m m cn r-^ on in Or Tf cn m so" rn m — rH © oo Tt os Tf cn co cn r— — in en rn sq r- q rn rn vd rn sp sp — Tt m vo vo h so rn oo in © rn' -rf in rn" m m oo r- oo rt th rn CS th O in rn CN so © m cn m r— in Tf oo as o — cn cn so cn rn fN m cn © rH r- m rn m r- O SO O Tf rn oo O m Tf on Tf CN rn" CS CN Tf SO fN rH Tt sq oo vq sq in Os rN as cn rn oo m sp m in so so rt © —1 00 rs fls ^ On Tf fS c- © 00 VO m rt m tn rs >n Tf ^H © rt rN T* 00 rjs rt r- as m Os rs sO CS rN CN on _' ,_; tft tft Vt (ft tft tft tft Vt b^ o> rt r> 3 m fN sO r^ —i O r- m SO m 00 so m rn o Tt Tf rt a\ rN r- ON fN 00 © rN rN CN tft tft •Vi b^- tft rH on & 00 PH as r- © m oo IN rs SO vO r- a fN Tt r— © 00 CN © fN vo b^ *«■ ift vt tft tft tft (ft ir, © or, r- r- 6\ r- r* VO r— rt © OS so rS SO 00 ■Os no fN O fN vo Tt m © rt rN rN Vi tft Vi tft (A tft tft tft tft ift u 3 ©ONoor-vomTfrneNrH > sominmininminmin ^ OnOsOsOsOsOsOsOsOsOn vitavTvitatajataiavi j* rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtL OOOOOOOOOOu HHHHHhHHHHH 3 9 .5 5 >PhDhh4Z REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 113 (33A) FOREST REVENUE, FISCAL YEAR 1960/61 Timber-licence rentals and fees Timber-berth rentals and fees _ Timber-lease rentals and fees __ Timber-sale rentals and fees Timber-sale stumpage Timber-sale cruising and advertising Timber royalties Li. . Grazing permits and fees Forest-protection tax Miscellaneous $359 18 72 470 25,628 287 2,264. 107 484 124 347.42 940.93 890.50 808.01 ,859.50 ,759.25 ,815.21 ,264.40 125.94 484.15 Ten-year Average $375,815.84 17,793.86 64,298.45 305,866.15 18,676,839.47 200,575.04 2,104,752.89 80,686.85 (!) 102,229.24 Taxation from Crown-granted timber lands {Taxation Act) : „ Taxation collected under authority of Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway Belt Land Tax Act Taxation collected on forest land (Taxation Act).... Taxation collected on tree-farm land (Taxation Act) $29,819,295.31 $21,928,857.79 378,357.76 518,645.45 330,486.90 196,118.86 $31,242,904.28 i Formerly credited to Forest Protection Fund. 2 Collection of this tax has been authorized only during the last seven fiscal years. 3 Collection of this tax has been authorized only during the last eight fiscal years. 535,057.26 822,136.98 (2) (3) (33B) FOREST REVENUE BY FISCAL YEARS, 1951/52 TO 1960/61 Fiscal Year Direct Forest Revenue Taxation from Crown-granted Lands Taxation Collected under Taxation Act Taxation Collected under Authority of E. & N. Railway Belt Land Tax Act Total 1960/61- 1959/60- 1958/59- 1957/58- 1956/57- 1955/56.. 1954/55.. 1953/54- 1952/53- 1951/52- $29,819,295.31 28,637,417.31 25,081,815.59 29,054,657.56 31,240,260.37 23,867,705.50 19,130,835.31 17,578,625.58 18,016,025.17 13,703,715.41 $378,357.76 402,126.38 516,669.53 597,118.52 675,079.21 681,503.26 621,527.16 612,865.29 588,821.78 484,475.51 $526,605.76 438,717.64 764,224.24 883,674.75 685,611.49 532,010.00 318,648.74 $518, 682. 738, 1,060 1,147, 940 879, 863, 418 972, 357.76 143.15 039.35 884.36 535.38 632.27 822.00 116.21 395.59 156.13 $31,242,616.59 30,160,404.48 27,100,748.71 31,596,335.19 33,748,486.45 26,021,851.03 21,150,833.21 19,054,607.08 19,023,242.54 15,160,347.05 114 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS (34) FOREST SERVICE EXPENDITURES, FISCAL YEAR 1960/611 Forest District Salaries Expenses Total Vancouver. Prince Rupert- Prince George- Kamloops Nelson. Victoria Totals- $588,042.31 398,411.91 473,601.89 585,596.39 468,082.03 444,910.85 $2,958,645.38" $181,850.16 130,695.20 136,277.71 145,425.80 102,906.31 341,009.64 $769,892.47 529,107.11 609,879.60 731,022.19 570,988.34 785,920.49 $1,038,164.82 Reforestation and forest nursery- Forest management Forest research Public information and education- Forest Ranger School- Grant to Canadian Forestry Association- Office furniture and fixtures Silviculture Engineering services- Forest protection Forest surveys- Grazing Range Improvement Fund2_ Forest-development roads Fire suppression- Peace River community pastures. $3,996,810.20 423,444.55 566,855.78 182,954.86 103,083.82 101,177.08 10,000.00 30,431.95 1,352,815.37 936,090.64 3,180,708.97 1,077,427.43 52,327.44 1,925,303.50 4,866,608.67 19,974.93 $18,826,015.19 i True gross expenditures. 2 Statement provided elsewhere. (35) SCALING FUND Deficit, April 1, 1960 Collections, fiscal year 1960/61 Expenditures, fiscal year 1960/61 Surplus, March 31, 1961 , Collections, nine months, April to December, 1961 Expenditures, nine months, April to December, 1961 $164,063.50 1,399,718.03 $1,235,654.53 1,181,380.49 $54,274.04 1,012,500.97 $1,066,775.01 897,503.08 Balance, December 31, 1961 (credit) $169,271.93 (36) GRAZING RANGE IMPROVEMENT FUND Deficit, April 1, 1960 Government contribution (section 13, Grazing Act) Expenditures, fiscal year 1960/61 Deficit, March 31, 1961 Government contribution (section 13, Grazing Act) Expenditures, April 1, 1961, to December 31, 1961 Balance, December 31, 1961 (credit) $12,799.41 44,633.07 $31,833.66 52,327.44 $20,493.78 53,632.20 $33,138.42 32,584.54 $553.88 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 115 vo m SO 00 Tt rn © on rn in so VO m" cs in vd in rs r-*- "« h rj\co r-O \t m on vo rn m Tt cn P Tt on oo on on in t- H m t- OO Tf ON in m rn m p» o % r~ © » hW oo" Vi ri 00 ON vo CN CN 00 w oo vo cn in © q Tt o O on Os t*" <n rn rn vd oo Os m On cs vo © ca 4> rn tr- rn cn oo .r> Si CN rH rH rH 00 vd* Vi cs m VO t- t— © © o VD £3 o o ON s« © o % rn rs rn cs Vi ffl c rH ,_, > •a o In'rj 3 cn VO m vd ffl cn rn < ffi « On" SO vp vi v> ffl r* xr- ec jn cc 00 0< O ffl C o i I Tt m q, en Tt m p cn ffl o > Ph BJ [ Vt vt ■n © © rn vo © OS 00 ON t— Tt rH Tt jW tj ON oi 2*3.2? r- wi m ^ on i*^ © vo cn © © m od vo ffl CO ii S o CN OO rH^ rH r-^ r- CN Tf VO rn" ©" O Vi m m rn tJ- Tf so ri H co tfi- rH rn Vi W in Tf Tf VO rH so s « 00 O rn Vi rH rH rn t— on Os oo vo" CS © © tr- en oo 00 o ffl m © CN VO t- in rH © r* cs" rn oo' vo" r~" ffl t— vo rn on oo tt ON Vi CS m 3 Vi H vo oo © m rn r- © O rn «n rN tt tr- >H vq tr- © t> in" vd cn CO ffl f/j m oo cs vo Tt m o cn cs cS rn m — VD ffl £ Tt os m r- © o ON W) © rH tr- CN VD VD 05 *r> VI 00 CN rH OO 5 CS rH Tt" Vi QJ vo tr- tr- Vt en «n en 3 2 § .2 <n C-; rn r~; V0 rH CN a VO © rH CC vd 00 r-i V ca § cs oo vo Tt r- -rt Tt ffl i £ 9 2 Tt m OO Tt Tt VD cs ffl o. .SBg CS*" rn" (S? f-T Tf rH ©* Tt Tf NO in SO CS ON X ffl '3 w a s ° «■ cs 2 VO 00 VO r- CS rn © m oo oo r^ © cN o (A ■s r" cs vd od vd t> © © rH ON Tt rH OS i-l © rn © OO ON oo o D o^ o Z ** rs" vo* ©" rn* r»" oo" H in ri Tf ffl m Tt Vt H O rt rt <3 rt oo in cs cS Tj- vp cs vq cn © t~i c$ "i Tt* rH Tt Tt pj* jr, «n cs oo rn o\ Tt © VO rH © in rH oC © on in vo «n © C- © cn cn cn in a. ■ H co ffl rt liii rn vo vo m rn cs cn m m o ffl 8*1 Tt © oo on r- vp cs rn Tt cn cn © Tt VD HI oo © v] os © rn vo -rt cs Tt tr- © vd m Tt r- m vo r- vo f* cn rn in rn in rn m" Vi cs Vi i 1 1 J o i ffl 00 ; *3 ts !• 4> ffl I a o J I i CO o 3 oj ™ rj o O 73 v. rt 3 o > £ a > L 116 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS REPORTED APPROXIMATE EXPENDITURE IN FOREST PROTECTION (38) BY OTHER AGENCIES,i 1961 Expenditures Forest District Patrols and Fire Prevention Tools and Equipment Fires Improvements Total Vancouver $207,798 116,188 41,500 33,250 109,689 $234,420 17,734 12,000 46,400 88,401 $200,385 154,762 51,028 55,767 60,394 $522,336 $53,913 43,202 127,500 158,050 60,091 $696,516 331,886 Prince George 232,028 293,467 Nelson 318,575 Totals $508,425 $398,955 $442,756 $1,872,472 Ten-year average, 1952-61 ... $304,685 $421,606 $339,603 $287,619 $1,353,513 i Principally forest industry. (39) SUMMARY OF SNAG-FALLING, 1961, VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Acres Total area logged, 1961 72,264 Logged in small exempted operations 1 481 Assessed for non-compliance, less 985 acres subsequently felled 1,282 1,763 Balance logged acres snagged, 1961 70,501 Snags felled 1961 by Forest Service Protection Division 8,058 Snags felled 1961 by Forest Service Reforestation Division 2,050 Total area snagged, 1961 80,609 1 Exemption granted under subsection (3) of section 116, Forest Act. (40) SUMMARY OF LOGGING SLASH REPORTED IN 1961, VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Total area logged, 1961 Area covered by full hazard reports 38,472 Covered by snag reports but exempted from slash-disposal1 20,681 Covered by acreage reports only (exempted from slash and snag disposal)2 481 Acres 72,264 Slash created and not reported in 1961 i Includes 5,678 acres reported exempt on slash-burn reports. 2 Exemption granted under subsection (3) of section 116, Forest Act. 59,634 12,630 REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 117 (41) ACREAGE ANALYSIS OF SLASH-DISPOSAL REQUIRED, 1961, VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Acres of Slash Prior to 1961 19611 Total Broadcast burning 7,593 9,558 17,151 Spot burning 10,740 10,581 21,291 Totals 18,333 20,139 38,472 1961 reports not recommending slash-disposal 1961 slash on very small operations exempted without special examination 20,681 481 21,162 Total area of slash dealt with, 1961 59,634 i Does not include the estimated 753 acres (see Table 42) created too late to be dealt with in 1961. ANALYSIS OF PROGRESS IN SLASH-DISPOSAL, 1961, (42) VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Total disposal required (see Table 41) Type of Disposal Spring broadcast burning Spring spot burning Fall broadcast burning Fall spot burning Acres of Slash Prior to 1961 1961 1,496 197 9,382 6,071 Total burning completed 17,146 Burning by accidental fires Lopping, scattering, land-clearing, etc. 8,867 9,460 18,327 Acres 38,472 Total 1,496 197 18,249 15,531 35,473 3,958 Total 39,431 Balance reported slash not yet abated Slash created, 1961—acres assessed _ Plus slash created too late to be dealt with, 1961 Total area of slash carried over to 1962 for disposition1 169 753 922 1 Does not show the acreage instructed in 1961 to be extended or assessed in 1962. Actual area burned in spring spot burning, 121 acres. Actual area burned in fall spot burning, 1,191 acres. The above figures do not include 1960 slash-burn reports received too late for inclusion in 1961 Annual Report, 753 acres. 118 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS SUMMARY OF SLASH-BURN DAMAGE AND COSTS, 1961, (43) VANCOUVER FOREST DISTRICT Total acres of forest-cover burned in slash fires, 1961 Net damage to forest-cover Net damage to cut products Net damage to equipment and property Total damage 6,735 $122,711.30 24,518.30 7,400.00 $154,629.601 1 Of the total damage shown, $135,423 resulted from two escape slash burns and is in no way indicative of normal damage. Cost of Slash-burning as Reported by Operators Total Cost Acres (a) Spring broadcast burning $12,805.21 1,496 (b) Spring spot burning1 7,245.00 197 (c) Fall broadcast burning 109,593.27 18,249 (d) Fall spot burning 24,968.69 15,531 i High cost result of hand-piling and burning Tree-farm Licence No. 26, Mission City. (a) and (c) based on volume of 40 M b.f. per acre. (b) and (d) based on volume of 30 M b.f. per acre. Cost per MB.F. $0.21 .12 .15 .05 Cost per Acre $8.62 36.77 6.00 1.60 (44) FIRE OCCURRENCES BY MONTHS, 1961 Forest District March April May June July August September October Total Per Cent Vancouver —. 9 21 7 4 35 19 25 4 17 21 62 94 35 98 14 155 245 111 168 78 68 322 259 197 125 188 377 161 65 9 15 46 25 1 3 1 15 3 5501 285 517 1,145 605 17.7 9.2 16.7 36.9 Nelson.. . - 19.5 Totals 37 87 229 623 895 1,048 160 23 3,102 100.0 Per cent 1.2 2.8 7.4 20.1 28.8 33.8 5.2 0.7 100.0 Ten-year average 1952-612 29 79 282 220 539 494 157 44 1,844 Per cent 1.6 4.3 15.3 11.9 29.2 26.8 8.5 2.4 100.0 Railroad-tie fires... 47 956 290 140 56 1,489 i Excludes 1,489 railroad-tie fires. 2 Excludes average of 630 railroad-tie fires per year. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 119 FIRE OCCURRENCE BY MONTHS FOR LAST TEN YEARS, (44A) AMENDING FIRE STATISTICS, 1952-61 (Segregating forest fires from railroad-tie fires.) Year March April May June July August September October Total Forest Fires Total Tie Fires Combined Total 1952 1953 20 19 24 4 24 12 53 78 23 37 27 30 34 16 92 122 76 174 130 87 225 183 190 132 581 224 625 313 115 229 116 65 70 324 75 190 385 144 208 623 322 269 196 332 455 241 962 441 1,280 895 577 628 170 237 378 203 766 281 656 1,048 270 141 29 192 234 182 151 42 164 160 198 6 2 15 16 75 40 1 59 23 1,755 1,341 715 1,252 1,855 1,249 3,058 1,474 2,635 3,102 159 79 49 132 955 370 1,062 536 1,478 1,489 1,914 1,420 1954 764 1955 1,384 1956 1957 1958 2,810 1,619 4,120 1959 _ 1960 , 1961 2,010 4,113 4,591 Ten-year totals, 1952-61 294 788 2,817 2,200 5,393 4,944 1,565 435 18,436 6,309 24,745 1.6 4.3 15.3 11.9 29.2 26.8 8.5 2.4 100.0 Railroad-tie fires — 1,194 1,634 2,292 851 309 29 6,309 (45) NUMBER AND CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES, 1961 Forest District i 3 13 <u §8 si Cu *o 5 «•£ O si a u ei & ■Ss? III |l| lis %£ £ O U.& ana a o Ou "ft* 00 « Oil p oo ■5 o Bi-I o s « rt I" So o 3 o £•5 <-. o S.s Vancouver Prince Rupert- Prince George . Kamloops— Nelson Totals. Per cent. 93 131 262 501 439 43 51 57 82 36 251 5 17 100 7 131 12 30 112 51 24 12 24 23 3 17 34 127 1 48 15 31 83 17 19 2 14 6 130 32 25 78 25 34 4 11 23 11 550 285 517 1,145 605 17.7 9.2 16.7 36.9 19.5 1,426 269 | 154 | 336 46.0 8.7 5.0 | 10.8 Ten-year average, 1952-61 Percent 2.8 629 | 219 | 1222| 259 84 34.1 | 11.9 ] 6.6 | 14.0 | 4.6 Railroad-tie fires „ 1,489 179 36 194 49 5.8 1.1 6.2 1.6 71 30 142 31 3.9 1.6 7.7 1.7 290 | 83 ]3,102 1100.0 9.3 I 2.7 100.0 205 52 |1,844 | 11.1 | 2.8 1100.0 11,489 i Excludes 1,489 railroad-tie fires. 2 Excludes average of 630 railroad-tie fires per year. 120 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS rnosvoo vOOs VO r»^noo o tt t-4 VO Tf *<fr rn -H r>rHrIrN d *rt 0 H m rH —1 rH o OS o cn vd" ^S osooi—iOs cnO © Drtmri SO en s* <n r- cN m oot— cn Tt m O Cn Tf z vo cs -T cn r-T ri o !r! 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VO Os Tt VO vO Os vo Tf OS © en rl so m m oo t- cn os Tt os oo rl O 3.Q •^■(N-hc^ —i —i CN „ W _^* en Vi Oi < cnr-cnoo t-* en ** es q rn es t£ Os Os OS* cn en rH in rN © ri o d s Ph(J o 00 Tt-~ rH is sp- mr- rl r- vo r^rfrHOs so Tf t£ in oooo cn en vt tr- vt rH_CN CS tS rH cS m rH § m sO es H ift^Om -hqs © oo rn cs cS o H Vi rinvorf in cs ri rn es t-- cs c in '"' rH *-t rH rH rH o V0 cn — 3 Os m &s M- es oo rH vi eo o •rj-rj-cnm '^r oo r- co -h r-os tn © rn m rn r- w H z* rH rH CN rH CN r~ .— ^h rt w § tr- r- cn so Oscn vo O tr- os m m en Tr o ccnon d O _ 00 0.Q m rH i-H o rl vO o\ 3j5 OvO (Soo OrH oo so cn © Tt cc Ph 3 Vi Os so r- rim — Tt m rH Os in n N-hH; rH rH CN cn O Vi ci Z rH m 05 0\ £ § vo vp 00 vo csoo t~- ^o^00,^ o 2~ TtensoTt men cn oo'-h trin d IS p. tj CNrH rH rn o o t— - — cn is r» © m rs moo vo r- cN rs in OV Or- oo oo votJ- -rj- ON r~ tj- Ti >,.G cn rH rH rH rH es w < cu S PhIJ go in rn N © m Os Os in in Os o vo vt OS SOr-*r^in VO tS tn Os. rH rH cn CN rH rH rH d o m m — is r— Tt in y* at- en en t— en m osrHrnoo - t r- ootNrHr— m Os 1-° Tt CS rH CS rH th fN 00 fee CO I—1 -^ W Ph is c tJ-VOOstT OO rl Os —;NinO q go 5 g cn in u-i so en © rn r-n'd^ d Vi Vi Os A. (j CT) rH rH rH c es es |-S oom-3-so r-cN Tr os m cs © —■Osr-O Tf es oOrHcnin m Tf rn CN rH es OZ 01 rt r« c es q r> oo oo tJ; tn OhOO; o <L> u sdriosvd oo"o" rn os" rl r! ri d 3* OS Ph(J rH CS rn rH o m %- k vOr*osO mo rn T+tNiovrH rHinvOeS VD rH VOrHt-CS z tH z *- c in O 00 00 kft VO r~; CS f-# rH rj o m Os u a A. (J Ttcnr-'es cno" o" vdoooes Tt rn ^h d o Os r- Q g u f-TtmrH r-r- o cnoovoo Osr-or^ Tt rn oorHoes Tf Z \n rH —t rH rH rn < — u C inOmOs OOv O inrnsoo O m cs Vi Os rMtJ Ttr-inOs" oo'o rn vd es es* es* CS rn rH rH 8 Ov S is rHoospos om r* Ttf-r)vo cnOsosTt Tt—> rn rHcnrScn 5 z j?J5 r% Tf CN en rn rH eS r~- ii 1 ?1 i rt ! o .2 ° O Z w <y : wa ! 3 rt o 88 i 11 a P „ c4 ; u : rt 6 rt (/ *a o5 6.5 l& 0 bo rt 5 aj S K-S Oh Ph0= rt -, tele consti ation: ti ! ES i O ! = ta S cn -^ 3 si u SI c Brush-burning or right-of-wa Range-burning. Road and powei and pipe-line Industrial opei S laneous k iwn cause Ten-ye ad-tie fire GQ ■o 3 o X W | '1 c 2 1 Miscel Unknc Railro H REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 121 Vi Oi < OI >H Z B to rl M B 8 Ph oa H CJ rH 60 os Pi w OR T en tr- Os © rH © JU33 J3<J os vp en oo es rH rn cn (S 8 SO s en vo oo en Os © m es so © oo •n es m o © m VD jaqumjsi TT en rn cS f-' Tt oo" p- rj r- os in © JU30 J3,I tr- o\ vd vd os rH rH cn rH 8 Os VO o\ CN GO Tf © in t— m in in 00 rH Tt © © jsquinM m es m rn vp ""J *H en r-; en in Os vp © jnab J3a Tt in es en en rH rH Tt CS ©' © 00 s Os **** 5 OO © OS l> rH m oo Tt es m es en jrsqiunN Cn rH en rH SO so rT r- en © cs oo © 5U33 J3,£ Os en Tt Tt oo 8 Os Vi vO Os © os tr- rn r- Tt m jsqinnM os Tt © m tr- es rs so es Tf © — in 00 rH so © »noo »$ © od tr en © es rn en es 8 OO cs Ov cc sO © oo on en Tt Tt jaquinM (N SO CN tS rH vp es m © vd © ~ rn" tn r> es r-- en rn © JU3D «d in in es in rl rn rn cn en § m Os o m m Os rn o\ e> en jtaqum^j os vo m Tt oo rH rH Tt en Tf CS es rn tr- © © c }U93 J3(£ m Os cn y rn es rn cn cs © © VO •n Os m m Os os 0\ en in os jsquinjvvj so sp in tr- oo Tt rn cs m cn cc Os Os SO VO © © m m Os JU93 J3J Tf in ri tN Tt rn ^ Tt es 8 es en r- Tt oo en © es jsquin^ oo t- m tn © rn rn in en m cs. vo vo en © in © ?U9D J9J SO Tf rH SO r-" cs r- en es § Tt Os Tf s © Cn rH f- Tf m jaqtun^i os en oo m in rH CS rH t- oo vq Tt oo Tt © JU33 J3 J tr- cn oo es t> rH Tf CS s en m Os '"* Os ON OO CS Tt CO jaqum^ cn Tf m r^ vo CS rn m en Tt en © Os in oo cs sp JU33 J3J en in ri r~ d es rn cn es 8 es Os m Os o vo Tt eS en CN Os rs in vp Tt cS so en >n — jaqiun^i m t- j ta *rt 1 0 u rt vi u <L) « s a H '■? to 3 H i- <u 2" 0 r, d o £ o O o c C T3 rt o o u o rz |8| t I Ih 0 rt > ft. sw z » 122 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Xt sr f*l OO m Os TT a 00 rt OOO'U "ao m cs >n oo rl cc O vo tr vo" Os 8 >n 000'IS PUE t— t- en oo en CS rH so r^ es ON «n § 00I$U33*]3a rH Q oo ooi$»pun oo Tt os oo r- Tt es en on in Os so es so 00 *l 00 00 SSBIDSiqxui Tt vo en rn so © | i saiij jejox }0 JU33 J3.I cn eS en on rn r-l rH Tf CS § i gjj as JOIJJSIQ UI rH vo vo tS cn | ; 1 j M|j 1EJOX cn m o m © : ; JO )U33 J3J i '• 1 O f- vo m t— es r- © es jaqiunfsi Tf en ta S SSBQSiqxui en Tf rn m r- © | 1 1 S3JIJ rejox on © co Tt r- g 1 < © jo ;us3 J3d 1 1 1 joujsia ui i-< on es vo oo i 1 B3JIJ 1EJOX m © vo rn cn 1 1 o u JO JU8D 13d 1 l oo rn rt m m as vO rn v> > O JsqiunN cs cn oo m es OS cs Os o ssEQsiqxui r- m on Os © © 1 1 n ij B S3JId TOOX JO 1U33 J3J vo Os r- © in rH rH Tf rH 8 t 1 <1 pujsia ui Tt r- on co © 1 1 o ssn.d iejox Tt vd tr cd © ! 1 o s JO 1U33 J3J ' 1 1 Tf VO Tt OS rH m r- Tt es cs rH rH cn rn Tt Ml jsquinM OC ri rs in 00 rs ssEiosiqxui co t^ m m m © , 1 S3JH iejox Os oo es rt Tt s JO JU33 J3 J 1 1 joujsia oi Tt co rn Tf Os : S sa-nj TOOX r» vo m vo m 1 1 •4 JO }U33 J3<T ! i •o rN Tt so rH fS Tt VO OS jsquiniv! C- so cn Tt m en rn cs so tt oc © SO ° m aouiAojj ui r» es i> ov m © | 9B g E •a o H S3JIJ IEJOX JO JU33 J3J r» os vo vo os y\ rH cn rH 8 I jsqranM c IT V m f- in m OO rH Tf © cs «n rH \p g o 8 CO © © rH ■ rH jrH - - », rS •e OS 3 OJ s 0 p- a Sf u t l c u 00 Vh « o „ R O H V- fl »H « o S CU H ft. S«os o o © c 0- c c c t u > ft. ft. * £ REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 123 3 . o «3S r- GO a. en Os 00 es Tt >°. meSrHcsrSenvposTt© CR in ,9a rH CS rH rs Os u c-'-o 00 ■ i as d © oj rt© cn©0\ooooosTtos©oo GO ON rt rHmenm©TtrH©Tf© OO in - -E g 0 rH rH CS rH rH CN © OJ© inmt-^mTtOsincSr*es t- r»- TJ © oospinr-esvor--r-Ttos m 00 12 H ineNVOrHVOrHincsmvD en P rHrH H H H (S " M tN SO •rJ^ S rt _ Vi oj +-i ta OPS r^r^TtcNvpcnr^t-jcNrH 1 s5« 0-, O es ©,© rn m" rn in rn en Tt 1 1 8w M X) r-Oenmr-vpinTtTtr- CO es > o S 3 z Tf rH rHSpi-Hf—inCOCN ON m" _ §S<o 052 © © ooqcsosrHoscsrsrHso rnindsdrHOscNrnooN "1 m S^E rH rs r-* rH rH rH O ta 0- 0 2 o T-< u ■u .O rnr>rnvommTfinvoov »n > g 3 TtsorH-ooocst-osvoos m © O cs cs rn en rn rs es Ov z «Jrt C cu Vi sCE oooooooinenONenr-as cnOsOsr--r-^^door-°-din i j to enescsesesesesesenrs < © Ph O — o U V g 3 TtosrnoorHCseNrS©Tt/ jS tr- rf ^osriffi-HM-oono oc 00* CN inencSenmenooTtoooo ci z **,-« SS V, i>invqosooincsoo©Tt | H ovTfOsTtr-'esenin'O© < A, 0 Ttvoinvomvoinininvo 1 s — , • CJ w •0 .0 E 3 rHinvomcSr-ir~enines lfl VD c r*-vorsrHr*oorsrst-r» ri 5 ooooTfco©r-voooTtoo so ©* I— «n z TJ P mrHioesinosooTtines vC 0 inTtrHinmTtmr-m© cn S,§ c— cnr-escoes©TtsorH Tf s i iK rHrH rHrHrHenrHCSm CO ta oj ffl 9J ■o « 0 tH H wi rt tH *« i-i rt 1 O ON O en VO 1 u K lH -a 9 ej oj H ft. *o r t* Tt m vo r- oc OS © rH V) 'C Vi m «n m m in so so ON a Os OS OS Os OS Os a. Os 124 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS (48) DAMAGE TO PROPERTY OTHER THAN FORESTS, 19611 Forest District Forest Products Cut, Logs, Lumber, etc. Buildings Railway, Logging, and Sawmill Equipment Miscellaneous Total Per Cent of Total Vancouver $101,362.00 $15,275.00 4,100.00 9,400.00 34,750.00 $75,245.00 65,500.00 38,900.00 $1,610.00 450.00 145.00 6,970.00 1,560.00 $193,492.00 4,550.00 86,726.00 81,548.00 2,160.00 52.5 1.3 11,681.00 928.00 600.00 23.5 Kamloops 22.1 0.6 Totals. $114,571.00 $63,525.00 | $179,645.00 $10,735.00 [ $368,476.00 | 100.0 31.1 ] 17.2 | 48.8 2.9 | 100.0 | Ten-year average, 1952-61— $95,037.00 | $27,523.00 | $177,022.00 $25,582.00 | $325,164.00 | 29.2 8.5 54.4 7.9 1 1000 i Does not include intentional slash burns. (For this item see page 118.) (49) DAMAGE TO FOREST-COVER CAUSED BY FOREST FIRES, 1961—PART H Merchantable Timber Immature Timber Forest District Net Area Killed Total Volume Killed Salvable Volume of Timber Killed Net Stumpage Loss Net Area Killed Present Value Vancouver Prince Rupert Acres 2,110 33,847 72,935 65,052 1,446 M Cu. Ft. 5,600 56,041 155,002 97,475 1,414 M Cu. Ft. 3,499 12,965 54,410 48,112 237 $ 104,561 891,021 3,866,386 1,101,147 29,431 Acres 4,115 34,142 57.049 $ 338,184 757,649 1.025.067 Kamloops 155,990 [ 3,180,325 1,429 | 31,800 Totals 175,390 ] 315,532 | 119,223 5,992,546 252,725 | 5,333,025 14.3 100.0 37.8 46.7 20.6 | 41.6 Ten-year average, 1952-61 60,402 | 86,519 28,758 1,290,036 58,926 | 1,172,184 13.0 100.0 33.2 46.4 12.7 42.2 1 Does not include intentional slash burns. (For this item see page 118.) REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 125 < ^3 ON W p< o n a m Vi M > O CJ w P4 o 8 pq 3 a < os ri os es ri Tt © r- © 00 rt os q m Tt as as w ©_v© en^os vo vq g SO sq © © £ ei 0 w-os" cs" in" t-^ in © t-h so* Tt vo rn cS vo es r- m vo es cn oo r> th'sO"-* N es OS *rt O H &z> JOnrjVTt cS © fjr.©Tt©r-rH cn ,-! **] vo^ © ©_ Tt Tt in § OS in © © © *o 3 *n vo in r-' rn in rn sd~ c rt o TJ Vi Vt OS rH 00 0 a © SO rH rH ^H M © m rn r- es Js © vO o rt n —; Tt 8 oj ucsoom^eneN rn _* VO < o es in oC Tt in t* rn en 4 en © oo as ^ rH tr c< N SO N tJ 01 rt vo © os Os en vo © os Tt es < CM o Tr ^ © O* Tf m Tt VO rH ■g £ wn"mV* n 00 Q rH N ~ ia ■a ,„ Tf © cn VO —* Tf tn © en 6 O rt oj <jj rH Q in Tf © S en © r^ r-in U C n i> s tr Z ffl Z, *n Tt os es rs < rn VO OS ©" u 00 rt £ ei Q ! os r- oo © * rH f- ^ ■a 1-1 c ! so en © cs «■ r- 00 CN 5» en 00 © P « rn -T OD>J .5 w 0 8 T3 , rs os es oo vo i ** ^ Os vq rt <u v> so ri vo rn ! m <u c £ en os rn Tf Q en" es" ©" io en es fl. 03 o" rF <J rn CS n oj 60 rt E ra Tt in vo t- rs * rH tn Os 73 0O Tf Tf OS 00 n Os ^ so rn wi »n cs "i *^ Tf^ 1-1 en in Os oo" en OJ m ii Q 1-1 8u *o „ Tf oo oo rn cn • * r- rs OO u vo cn m oo en v ° U SO c o aj o h Tt es © en rn ij! Tt ©" OS" Tt r-T < "S rn rl r- en ?' rs' Tt Z * m Tt I n ri <u Tf 00 Tt VD VD © rH CS rH cn o cn r- l> 00 a 2 rt es rn q © © ( © £ W-tH in VO VD Tf { s *o si © oo es s Tf OJ a rH y-l^ < n rs O o Ifl rH , ,S O a> . © m m cn e3s « m os os r- © g © OO CS rH W CS r-~Tt s © © vq (2 TT © so" in <J en rn * n Eh O O Hi U rt *n *o „. r- } r- r- cs - CS oo cn 1 ooC C g oo es © vo ^ rn } th en < sd tr © rt O « 3 N tn kJ 03 o OOO C q, oo m cS © m D r- o\ r- aj Vi tr tr vo cs c C 0V rH p^ Tt rH • 3 en cn" rn c < vo s Js so en cs" es >-) 0= 0 VO es in Ov tn u Q 00 rt £ Ih <u > Ih o rt M- a Ih j. t a 5 2 *> S S 3 cj J 3 -> Vh C Vh u. Dh 0 „ oj 3 oj ST t J U OJ CJ 5«os o o o O C tj o o *3 q rt *C *C rt oj > s a. M Z 126 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS FIRE CAUSES, AREA BURNED, FOREST SERVICE COST, (SO) AND TOTAL DAMAGE, 1961 Causes Fire Causes Number Per Cent Area Burned Acres Per Cent Forest Service Cost Cost Per Cent Total Damage Value Per Cent Lightning Recreational (campers, etc.) Railroads operatingi Smokers Brush-burning (not railway or right-of-way clearing) Range-burning Road and power-, telephone-, and pipe-line construction Industrial operations (logging, etc.) Incendiary. Miscellaneous known causes Unknown causes Totals. 1,426 269 154 336 86 179 36 194 49 290 83 46.0 8.7 5.0 10.8 2.8 5.8 1.1 6.2 1.6 9.3 2.7 3,102 100.0 727,435 123,829 2,533 7,657 1,611 262,436 566 84,278 10,487 6,037 290 59.3 10.1 0.2 0.6 0.1 21.4 6.9 0.9 0.5 $2,419,721 293,842 71,720 157,694 5,794 191,561 9,302 1,021,353 75,526 131,155 17,332 55.1 6.7 1.6 3.6 0.1 4.4 0.2 23.2 1.7 3.0 0.4 1,227,159 100.0 $4,395,000 100.0 $6,579,072 1,821,012 53,159 220,343 3,089 3,756,372 4,924 571,496 85,070 89,771 4,862 $13,189,170 49.9 13.8 0.4 1.7 28.5 4.3 0.7 0.7 100.0 i Excludes 1,489 railroad-tie fires. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 127 ■ VD Os r- Tt CS so 00 Ih en in CO 00 t— cn © "rt Tf Tf r- m so vo cn "3 w oo so" m r- SO rH oo rn m VD 00 vo m VO Tf" oo es t^CS c— en © H es en Vi tr> es os es en Tf VD o © m m ri OS C- r- in rs VOTt VO ON cn r- in os ©"co" Os n (N V0 OO Cfl en rH oo cn ** es Vi en Vi m © en © rn r- CO en CS OS — vo m o vq co rt © cn so © vo es m" rs ©* in oC in Os CO rs Tf rs os C? TH es en © Tt Vi Vi Tt rH rH © OS Os 00 r- cn 00 r. Tt vd o\ Tt vq Tf rH go m Tt m . th en oo" es es'os" rs" Os t- Tf VD CS en oo Vi rs es Vi oo cn OS C*h v> en 00 m cs Tf r- cn ex 00 © ■* y— Vi es h Tt >n en in orjco* tr co" m" Os s. m os rH © es en O Tf en cs" Cn"" tri 00 Vi OS Tt 00 rH es Tt m © VO fH Tf CS r- os en es t- cs cn © es Os th"so en © en VO es cn Vi es Vi •n oo CS Tt Os en rs •n Tf Os vo so © Tf 00 C- VO 00 VD ri m rn OS © Tf 00 cs Os IO in r- cn rH Tt Vi Tt Vi es Tt VO Os —i en Tf m m os oo so tr m es cs so oo es OS r- th Os r-'vo" ©"Tf Vi Tt Os SO Vi V) Vi m os rn VO OS Tt en 8 rH © cn os es m oo t~ en m rH cn in 00 ©" en rn Tf" Tt cn Vi rH m ~ Tt Tf m © 00 oo Xr en © cn cn so mt* 0\ so vo in Os inTt" ©" cn Vi vo es Vi in vO © Tt m Tf Os in © vo es r- Tt CS r-;Tt Tt in Spj m o\ FHi rn'rl VO rn' oo" cs ,_T •n Tt es Os Os OS Tf Tt Os «r> Vi J •a CJ et rt B Ih S, o ^ o ■o 4J O. 41 <w lH a c c 0 I 0 > c !-. ta CJ T3 Ih CJ - _fj 3* cj S *~? V O S 5 fi O S £ o g <P TJ E rt c ■t « > <S o 3 3tal numb rea burne< anding ti s 2 2 H cu. ft moun amag amag E- < W < c 0 128 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS is o o 0 So ■go 1 2 as o u on d Jad OOO'OIS "AO 1S03 3JIJ jad 000'01$ oi OOO'SS J3A0 1S°D ajtj J3d OOO'SS OJ OOO'IS^AOISOD 3JId 13d 000'I$OJ001$1S03 3iijl J3d 001$ UEin ss3[ isoo 33UTAOJJ UI S3JIJ IEJOX JO JU30 J3J PIJJSIQ UI S3JIJ lEwi JO 1U33 13d J3quin^[ 3DUIAOJJ UI S3JI.I {bjox JO }U33 13d J3IJJSIQ UI SSJIjJ JElOi JO JU3Q 13d jsquinN (sjEnoa) ajiji-jsoo aad sjnjipusdxg 33BJ3AV JU3Q 13d SJEIIOQ S31}d l^lOX c B. ^nNnw Tf Tt Tt c- rj en 00 m o. Tt *-* u~i © SO as on SO Tt es Tt tr- tn es eS cs m \o m t- Tt Tf Tt es th Tt rs © en r- es m Os Tt cs vd in ■ in Tt -H rn tr Os © C-; © cn cs Tt ri Tt rH SO OO Tf in vo © en Tf Tt rn os es as rs r-t rH en rH „ r- es i i ^ en m X c- so — in o\ q tt r^ CO* vd 00 © so es m en cs r~- Tf rH Tf f- co en in tr xr §g§gg ©_ ©_ ©^ ©_ O so" ©" r-T oo ©* © so © r- m so t— © r- es © m r- m m m OO rH Tt © m es m •-< <£ .,0.( 8-SOHrlHri 0 c 43 >£ffi:W|2; CJ aj CN C cn u T i rt aj cs" r- •-es « . « o CA O W a> ** (!3 T3 u *j hh aj U « ta flf.83 '>3 a 00 CJ rj *j so rt rt ,3 ^u M "- &u «. S£<g .£ o o _ a w o « "o as ** "5 x ,°, to 2 WO o S H«UC REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 129 I Vi O g H S 3 E Q 9 < VI oi I > I ■h 35 O Fh w r—I IX, Pi m Oh o o o g I 0 M u-. I IS So So K °<=ft: o2» Sgo « OgSd, u<» SggE U<» ft 33a H»ft «> 5 it o rt u o5°- 0£! ftl O OOS ft O E s 3 <e » SSrSl ID ft ' cn >n en Tt m oo somTtTtcovoosr-rHr- rsfrjHHr-HHMOo cs es es rHmcnosencsrsOss cs©Oooinso©ms en cs rn en ™ so es i ooososOsoor-rHsorsr- t— tr rHTtoosoosmOsin soinrsininTfosTtoorH rHTfrCjcvlTtvOOsSOTtC-; en'rHr-'csr-'cs'cnsoooes *ovDTfininmsOinsor- oocnoocnTtsomTtrHin ©esenm'Oinmenom rHoomsoovDChoooo^rs rH r* rn" rn" CS Ossot—oosOTtrHTtsOen vdodesr-*rir~vDenrHt-^ encnmTtTfTtenTfcnes r-oor-c>vr-cnin©Ttr- tJ-i—ir-OsO\os©TfcnTt sOmcninr-inrHsooooo en ri vO m ? [*; r^ cn CS SO 0\ so" r- r- en « Tf es en cn in £*•' es rH"cn es vef-rH^vOoor-Tf oo© esooesvOrHr-cnoorHO - - © Tt © t -< uu i i w r-1 i - Ov CO in © rH SO ©" cn so" Tf" os tr oo oo"r— in" corHcnr-'OintsvoosOs mrHii-icsmosooTfinn inTtrHminTtmr-cno r> cnr- rioo^cserjTtsorH IH r< rnHHrnTHtsTm H Oh '-V escnTtinso'i>ooejs< inminminmininv OsOvOsOsOsOsOsOsC 130 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS UA\Ejpqj!A\ S3SE3 , CS | j j CS cs pSSSIUISIQ S3SE3 rH ! cn rH | m en -- i 3DU3JU3S 1 ; j'th cs en es pspusdsns joeo ur ! ! th es ! en 3DU3JU3S p3AJ3g 1 : : © © © © i © s Tt r~ in m i junouiy r- en es Vi Tt *o cfl 1 Vt W . E asquin>j th es CS © • CS rH rH Tf © in S33U3JJO CS ! en : 1 m es 1 Sno3UEH3DSIJAI i i i cs SJtjI }S3JOiI B CS i ! It liodsa OJ SUJIfEjJ 1 ! ! .1 »—1 VO suopEynSs-g ujia\ 3DUEPJO03V UI ! vi SljqSfj 3AOUI3H rt I ! i i •i T-< : Z pUE S8EUS O JJEJ OJ SUIIIEJ M H 3^!d . IP u,sin3mjxg puE ! i j ; | j CS n Vi % ftl jojjuoo oj 8UIIJEd - — jusuidinbg uoij^sjoid^jij ■ , .-.-■. t-H C-H, J3dOJ,I UJEJUIEJM i i i i OJ 8UIJIEJ sansoio jssjoj Tt 1 es I es OO E 3UIU3ABJJU03 i i Suijqgg-sJ!;! UI 3DUEJSISSV J3p co es os vo rs rH -us^ oj Sursnjs^ J!U"3<J Tt CS CS OO | sC © jnoqjiM Smuing es ...... PJE7 UOIJEUIJOJUT es Tt vo Tt es - CS y***- 00 Vi. 00 Vi =.. *t cs m Os Ti a ft> tu CJ) rt tH cfl u > s rt Ih ta ei O •u o i>> o Ph ex c - OJ ) v c. O H 4> —\ ancouv rince R rince G amlooj elson.-. >DHfe UZ (54) REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 ENROLMENT AT RANGER SCHOOL, 1961 131 Forest District Forest Assistants Rangers Acting Rangers Assistant Rangers Clerks Total Graduations 2 3 3 2 31 6 .... 3 3 4 4 6 Kamloops 1 . — Attendance, 1961 3 17 20 — Attendance, 1960 4 17 21 21 Attendance, 1959 4 17 .._ 21 — Attendance, 1959 21 21 21 Attendance, 1958..... ... 21 21 — Attendance, 1957 4 .... 26 .... 30 30 Attendance, 1956.. 4 _. 26 30 Attendance, 1956 .. 3 18 — 21 21 Attendance, 1955 3 18 .- 21 Attendance, 1954 .... 20 —. 20 20 Attendance, 1953— 21 21 — Attendance, 1953 ' 20 20 20 Attendance, 1952..... .... 20 _.. 20 Attendance, 1951 3 3 15 21 21 Attendance, 1950 3 3 15 21 21 Attendance, 1949 3 2 16 21 Attendance, 1948 4 2 12 2 20 20 Attendance, 1947 8 12 20 20 Attendance, 1946 2 9 9 — 20 20 1 Started with four Assistant Rangers. One man returned to district for health reasons. Class reduced from twenty-one to twenty accordingly. Too far advanced to take a replacement. Note.—Commencing with the class of 1949/50, each class takes one and one-half years to complete the course. 132 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS ) © Os CS ( ) rH rH OS C £ i i « o u u 5 r- en © os & ibJl. a> S .° ^xg I 3" DO tin cj ! hS|Os iS1"3 is e-S sS-o :H iS cfl ^ r! CA Cfl ^ Cfl Cfl B § * 11 ESZEE 1 U 2 o p u 3 Tf so m SO vo oc Tt r* oo OS sO CTs m en r- © O cn co en en t- Os O rH m vo Tf H Tt Os tr M»ifl © tr Tf rH t- m © Tf en c^ es CS SO Tf en ass in VD H H oo Tt es Os OS TH ON vo in es es es cs r- ■«t Tt sq en Tf Tt rn" y [-"■vfr" en" rn in m es yy H Tt mm © so 00 VO © in r- en th en vo Mh en cn Os CS O os es VO TH SO Tt CS „ . in oo vc en as cn Tf m m in oo es Tt cs Tt tr o> OM»n CO vo CO 00 rn oo en Tf . H 2 Tt | r-» vo r- m en oo oo r*> Tf t- OS m © in es_ Tt r- es oo" th m Tt CS OS © oc en Tt O r^ CS 00 o •n Tt Tt en Tt es o> en co en "1 Tf rH rH t? rH cn Tf oo " " . . es Tt t» en en os m es r^ vc cn rn SO Tf Tt vc en © © Tf TH fN cn rs Tt OO — © m VO H H © eo oc PfSjOl h* cS C£v VO vo © t> t& Tf TH cs en th es es oo en Tt nn^t t^ "** H CS 00 Tj m m eS VO OS TH VC in on oo OS Tf es tr SO © rH rn th'cS en r— os Tf th io m cn eS v e o *o OJ c rt 0 E "3 o c 0 v—' 1- Ih rt si aj a i- >x >s a C g > Ci ) 5 =* T3 "O c 3 t 1 a S 8 <3 a 61 c ta D a C 0 •3 c/ O (C 3 rt c « o o^ O Mh V o *-; ■a TJ U ri r- W ^ U, h 3 X .8.8 .§.2 U TJ r0 -f< JC t) s £ £" E E "~ 3 3 S 3 z Z Z z u u c u -3 3 < 8 E 3 z *e3 C- . vo es Tt u Ih u •n 00 VO 3 T3 < in *S cfl 343 I"3 Os in i u. X ] c u c E REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 133 iS m © © co © in es os oo 378 430 552 00 00 cs Tf os vO Tf in oo 330 351 451 r- vo r- so tr Os Vi th rH © m tr- Tt Os Sin m m Tt es" en cn Os © i t- co vo es es t~- tr-Tt CS rH rH es V0 C\ Tt rH Tt OO rH rH cn Tf in © CS en m os vp m © vo tN tN oo tN rt O VC 00 -* «-l O I <N C/2 BJ 5 H O w - ►J o o a o 05 CL) O < W > o o o oi < a C/3 vc t^ vc r- m © -h tN VD vo r- t— tn ■* tN en rH VD en Tt en es Tt os t- ! ! y\ OO r- vo es Tt en es © © m vo cs en r- en es © m es cn © vo CO Tf o vo TH es r- r- m en es cs cn en vo oo vo tr- vo «Hin © -HTt m © oo TH cs so rn es © so oo es en vo en cs 00 Tf Vi es es in es es t- n rn O Os os es m cn TH rH O Tf Tt so en cn Vi 5 1-1 *» > .23 "3> > ta — a> J3 o ta Jh gz eS |b z<;|z H ! I B oj o o y io i-i 5 m w 5 °* l. £>^3 .o xi ^ °£ E» I E E 2O § 3 S 1 3-3 Cv' 3 Z< oZZ< 8Z .2 c S5 E § 3 C z< ioog -n v- v. b ,§EE| , 3 3 S 8ZZ< c •c A. 0 3. O 3 I 0 O cfl U U ■Bit1 a 3 3 134 (57) DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS FOREST SERVICE LIBRARY, 1952-61 Classification Items Catalogued and Indexed Ten-year 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1952-61 9 122 337 115 2,203 41 484 90 111 66 1,800 62 246 92 124 127 932 55 190 94 136 141 1,090 37 179 170 151 177 1,321 45 266 109 155 214 1,417 48 177 159 133 230 1,139 43 142 165 130 302 1,502 39 123 200 115 274 999 31 92 135 134 375 878 41 Government reports and bulle- 202 Other bulletins and reports 155 130 1,328 i Before 1953, included with periodicals, bulletins, and reports. (58) GRAZING PERMITS ISSUED District Number of Permits Issued Number of Stock under Permit Cattle Horses Sheep 1,253 443 129 112,759 15,753 4,237 3,486 1,199 300 20,149 1,151 9 Totals, 1961 - . 1,825 132,749 4,985 21,309 Totals, 1960 1,726 127,148 4,504 19,460 Totals, 1959... 1,683 124,425 4,377 20,604 Totals, 1958 1,571 122,489 4,169 20,927 Totals, 1957 1,640 128,978 3,886 20,693 Totals, 1956 1,776 127,182 3,667 22,310 Totals, 1955 1,705 121,284 3,575 22,560 Totals, 1954 1,750 111,767 3,738 24,909 Totals, 1953 . - 1,730 108,894 4,133 23,172 Totals, 1952 1,621 104,610 4.040 1 23.565 (59) GRAZING FEES BILLED AND COLLECTED Year Fees Billed Fees Collected1 Outstanding, Dec. 31 1961... 1960 $112,700.89 102,631.52 91,636.13 69,986.23 67,593.88 76,155.51 76,061.32 80,191.97 95,088.64 125,495.09 $117,037.37 99,631.52 84,595.04 71,726.71 68,131.94 79,247.61 75,250.32 85,043.96 102,460.00 110,731.32 $17,075.95 21,412.43 1Q59 18,417.62 195R 11,376.53 1957 13,117.01 1956 13,655.07 1955 16,577.24 1954 15,766.24 1051 20,618.23 1952 - : 27,989.59 i Includes statutory penalties. REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 135 a a o o Or. ■7 VO a <*> ?- Pw m Spi OB on .a rig *S *| OS *a ya ^8 pl sis *n ii g Pes' Ph < o^ Op o" T-1 «t« 3> PQ tt, O Pi < a a .-. o O •a«J J Iiiiii 3 ill 3 ' 5 S S£j H.S.S-3 0S" „ 3 r u^> k o r-j rn JO ,h rt r i m o.3£ 30-Uo £<"Z o-s I 3 d coy Vii |l6 8~ lift Bill i vo os r- cn *< 0©v0©inino©©0©0 ininoo©Ttvq©"n©esen© csin'enenr'osr^cninTtodo" oo m o h vo vo ri ^ eo MS es CS r- Tt vo ■ tr en r- CS en Tt lOTHsOTtrHxtenr-cSeS my,ienen©rHmcnt-Ttr-in eSescsesooosincnTtTtooOs f Tt vp m r- Tt .j rij wj ui ^r i — OvOenoOTtejs HvocncsooinTtT-icncnsocS r- eS fc- vO © Os en Os Os r— t- t- Ttoo©OscnTtooTt©©t—en eNcscsesososso'eninTte-*ov esinencnvDOst-eninTt-rt© enTtOoovOr-rHOsOTtsOOs vo©©r-oor-rHri©r^©cn o\oo©oo©menrHC-^i-^i—r-oo Tt0^eNeNeneSvp"sp"vo",r^oo"r-^ es © cn c- © en r--Tt in vo os en cSescnrHinvDcncnenesoorH STt CS Tt CS Tt rH cn © © Tt rH ene>cneS©©©ooeninvo THcnvOsOrHi-Hf-eSrH^tmcS th Os" Tt y* Os en en xf es vp o\ en rHr-moorHoooscsoocneSTt rH©es Ttsocscsr-mr-cs cn r- en so es y- as th vo oo in en r-" es" Tt in © en Tt O oo o\ r> vo en in" Tt vo ©©©oooooes©©©©©©©© ©m©00rHoinTten©cn©©vDininTt odin'owvocSenTtent^e^c^inoo'r^Tt^D eSOsOsvOinooeSvoinOscnooinTtm©Os ©OscnvpeSesOseSTtoooesr~-mosvovo oso^©^T^r^©^TtosTtenTt^oor^»cNTtcs eNO"vD*OOr^rHOOOOinrHvH\Ot^inoo''t-n rt oorHiScOQsr-OsenoocSC-r-Ttcnt— ©CS incnOsrHTteSTtTt Tt rHrHTHOocSen oovovovovoost— rH-rj-voooooencnt-T in©enenOsa\Osr-THinTtvo vp © t- cs oo cs ovcs oo rn r* es vo vo oooososooooooocsc- ^inTtenes*'rH"c^OTfTfes''cs*' Ttt-or-Tj-Ttinr-eocsm© cnrH rHtneSr-tcnescnTt 00 ! eS ! es : 00 ! vo ; es • t> t"7 Tt CS TJ . Ttin©v0es©cnmvOTj-©so cSth rHrrjfN|^-.cSrHrncn Osr-r^inmenrHmeSrHcnvOOCSVOOin cn"ncnvOr-sooot-so©OsrH\orHcsmr- es m tr c? oo in \o oo c^* en c*<o vi> Tt^ ©_ th oo" vp th cn os" en Tf in rH" Tt in" oo" r- r> in ©" o" »±or-trivOiHif>vOOr-'*aooinvotSN cnosO r^sOeScncnr— 'J- cn co m n r- rs © 00 Tt © rn cn trtS © Tf CS rH © OS SO 00 o rH cn TH in th o oo"©" m nifim y-> CS m vo^so^ cs'oo" inrHmcSVpooin©enooOsoo©vOcS ©©OenOTtvOeSrHinesinoorHSO-. cooNcsr^vDooeSTtoocnrHTtvDTtvDooeS es en Os" ©" cn" vo y Tt" cs" in oo" vp rn" oC Tt" oo" Tt vpootnincSTtcSfnTtTHT-H© — t- m m )0O OO tScNCf *££ I o o-g-H j 3 sa&ij'|.l If -i'83 « S U D ffi H A $ Si xn t» > i u o : o o « o cd s fi ! ^i tN cn ii j ^4 Jd ii S ! o O O rt V . j rt B S (BBQQSffi fl 3 4) t) ffi;2 rt.ijrtrtrtg"j3 SOOOOsJal a 136 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS (J m tL, q m O IB u 3 0 o s 31/3.0-a as < 3 S w 3 5.5 w -j t/3 £ ■<-u55 L?z ! rto«-3 -rig S^-z * §0©©©cn©©©inTt©©©inooeso©o-H©©ir>o©oosinspo ©inen©invq©Ocnt^eSTtTtininTto©inooinoes©inoenTHTt© en'cnenTteninencSrHinTOOsinTHcnTHrHrH^rHcrjenr^enTtr^ 00 es cn m TH eS cSenTtrH^HinOr-TtrH i cs en c- in Tt en -y <TtmmTt©ooinooooencSosin©enrHTto cncnTtTtcnsoencS >n 00 Os t-- t en th ^h T 'enost-enmr—spcscSrH, j in Os © © vp ( I r-' es in th iencscnt^Ttenes th ior-;voooenesmin' ienTtcnesrHinoor-'so' I^HHHHrt r- cn so r- en es th i (VDOsmOTHOsvpcs r>TteNrHmrHcnvp i m es en oo Tt en ! th rn so es sp cs vo i © rn in © r-_ en cn : cn in cn es " m" od : Tt • in Tt Tt vp Tt Os i Tt Tt t> vp cn Tt r~ ooitT^ooomootNOoorioomoci ©©enr-eSTtTtininTt©oinooin©eso*nc ©©©©om©o©mTt©©©>noo ©©inenoenvqo©enr--cSTtTtinin cnenenTtencncneSrHW-iooosinrHcn HrHr^rHcnenr^cnTtr^voes'cSr-'. inencnOsinooinvD©Ooor~ini^rHTtosr^rHTtr~rHONe>Osinoor^ONC?AO so Tt sp cn Os I EOSTtrH-rJ-TJ.Tt^H,-|0000. sOTtTfOencnsOeNcSoo- enr-rHcsenmrH- CSOSTtOSTtOSln©00rHrH©'r]-CSrH^HTt00lnTt OOrHSpTtCNrHO-HSOrHCnt~-rH'rri'- ' ■ -r " '-■■ cs vo" in Tt" ©" en Osoot-OSTteSc^iTr HHOtNNOS«^ nrHo-^\DMcnr-r- is q « * tr m o q^ id o"en rn vp" oo* oo" od* sp" r-^ wiesooor^ooos©ovpoo\o' inencSencSO^CJSTtcnvpvOvp r^rtOsrtcnooeseSdsin vp^ONO>enOO^"nininencNencN©^o>Ttcnspso^vOr^e»rHcncn cnvp"co*oo"oo"vp"r^vp"oso^Tt"vD"o"Tt in oo" so" oo" >— in x~- os cS t- -rt eSTtTtcsinTt©TtTtessoeninr*-OsvoenO>Ttr^THr--incnO somcnTtvOesomoomcncn h co tf-- m m vo rn Krt-og.gK 3 C ffi £ *? W S-v. ;2.ig 3£ •5ES- *< csmcscsinOsosoo©r-s?rHmos©(S ooTHvoosmrr-csenmoospoovOinr-vp 10 "l0."." H.ttO OS n h ifl r OS. if) ^ ■ ^ ; os" en vp" i^" es" Tt" o" en in" eS Tt" vp oo" vo" m" oo" cn" un" Tt" oo" os in in" o" en en" in vo r-*~ Tt" y* |>t^rHf>TtcnOO©OrHQTtrHt^©OSCnOTtSOOOSDinOsVOO>Osf^TtCn© rHrHOrHT-ICNininenTtSDVOinrHTt-rfrntn rt M» H m f " rHoor-r^r-r-osTtr-r-nr-rs t-©OseSC©sOl>env0cnTt"^ sDu-iOscnooinTtr-oocnescs cS Os cn O 00 OS es cs © oo ! © JS 3 oo 00 tr 00 | OO vp oo so cn ir r- y es SO Tt © Os i Tt 1 S8 en © cs so 1—1 Tt 00 rH | vpint-Osooooe>ON©cs Os m m en th y ■— ■- es en eS in oo © en rn sp cn cS en oo oc rl th oo en ines©©fnTtsDrHesOsosTt(SCTvTt r^-r~enoocnir--vOoo©Os,spTHCSsOoo^>N«<i- iHiHi/lHiHrtinttrorr, ^vOOirtmMlNri enr)enrHC>vOOTtenoOTtc»QinTtsoeSvO OsOOXoprHiricSricninensoinTtspOsvp osrHcSTtoocnrHor--csencosor;,TtTHcn os es" tj cs" o* o" en >n" tr tr Os es en m" r— Ttvoi>esrsr^m©cnvOTtcnoo n i> vo ih rs osm "*« o 8, m< l» wv J I: § > ■c -3 a, m JHCN^ I mm ^tsn « : M ■* -* "d .£ 18 8 8 gt2f ipqpqpq |*g eS en 3,2 y y o"H*N^*"■ wC-S =: = o o o wWPQ pq PQ o o o c rt ca .rt ._ ._, PQ PQ PQ 0' U? C C THrt S3 www a §3 o CQ Ph Oh 'E B ri MM MM O U CJ CJ innh «■» hn r 3 " n ii n *i v- u rt *3 S moouoou.jSS2ZZZZZZZB<e,B!iy5 rt S s - o o o o £££££ REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 137 oooypooooo-i t-; Tt©©©©©©Tte en TtrHr-'in'esenes,>eSTt eseSmesvor^-oenTtvOen rHinTHcninenvorivo TtOsOrneSTtcnoooq eSrtvp'vo"rHcnesrtcs Tfvflr-oootstsogoo ^©<Sq©.THrtO0TtTt TtrHodinesOses'rteSrH Tt©©©©eso©e esoo©©inoor--qc in'esincs'vpc'©"en'" esr-TtesmcninvoeSeneSTtTt vooorHTj-T-icsr-oor^cnTtr-rt inr^^wrHOTtONOsvocneo-rt rnodin"rtcnH*r*TtencnrH-rten hOMrtOOOrtO esspsocsininos>n ensovoeNcneScSTt mTteSTtesooenrt cSrHr-oooenesooes ©voeSeSmo\©oomoo Tt©osOTtcnOi Os en Tt Ttrtes'inesincscscSrH © © © O OS rH O -H in es m v> q e- r* Tt rH cn rt Tt es oo©©0©Oin©©inoo TtooooinrHTj-oesOsoo odeNineSvO'r'odenTtrH'es Tt vo tr es rn *- •n m Tt Tt en cn es t-* th <s cs" rn y .vOino\©oommt- ! 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H- -~~* tH Tt \jh —4. r~j- l/-v f\r\ <TJ\ i-r\ r-f\ ■ -VOin©CSCJsOsOsCOoC eninooenrH'rj-rH©Ttsoos©,^iooosmoo vO en t** en en l> v% es en fO-Q\ vo (S ON Tt eNj -t* — " ^ —■ —■ —■ f-^ Tt r~- oo © m tn so ? m r— m cn r— m es cn < oomincnenoooovO' . osenrH Ttc^rtinmcn © Tt vo O en © Tf rn \D sq rn en oo Tt irT os th os so so vo un es vo © os © m VO m © rH eS es es th © m so m t- Tt Tt os cn cn Os th Tt"r* en" vo vo os r-. Tt in Tt U rt CS" rn" m_ oO © ©^ < es" cs es rt" i en Os m VD tn en rt © oo r- oo tr? as oo © os rn Tt os cn cn in ©_ oo rn cn so vo" ©" op es" cn od © OS © rH © OS y CS y y H<< rtrnTtsoTtt—©csmOmOs©Ttmmoovo r^inr-Ttr-©©csesinooesvocsvoosines cncncSenoocSosTHrtcsvDrioot--rHoovDos ooTtes TtrHcnenodvoTtcsinr^^oCr^cnr-T tr- cnvooscSr-oscsmcjvTtrtcnrHinrtO cn TtrHTt TtcnTtvoencn Tt tn m cOrH»noor-en©THVOoom©enen©vposin inooTtcnooi>oocsoscSescSrH©o\©csos in co «n o IN m cn r ■* O m rn h o enr-m-st ©"cn ©"odos ©"r^rti>eNodMvp"©"enod©"rt 00 rHrHTteSVOOSr-lnTtOSrHcnrHCSCOTt cSenrH rHcnmcSrH cSTt cnvpinrHQrHcsTtooenTtosososinTt incSTtOTtTtTninsOrtspcSTtosspi> Tt m inco^spir^TtTtininsqr~.cSTt mvq Tto" cS r~* Tt" >-* r-" cs es en" rn t£ cn" rtcn cSTtr-sor- ©as y rt cS rt th cSrtr^eseses©©TtTtin£:osTtrtr~Ttrt rHc»osrtTtr^TfooTrr*io©Ttr-Tt©vocs vooo^©^int,--iint--rHoina\ooTtcSrtcsosoo encn"vo"r^oor^sD"Tt"cn"©"©"oscn"vo"cs"Tt"os"r-;' vo a\00TtrHsOsOcnaO00rHrtCSrHtN.>Tt •y4 rt rtcNvSHrt ,_, (S) Os oo cn th on cs en cn cn cn © tr y t- vo en" SO OS OS rt os es » m o tr rH os vo en © en Os o> in os cs" en" so Os* en m © oo r- rt rt Tt Tt OS Tt OS es th os 5" Os es es © vo oo tr o en rH- o Os © r~ cs o© th"cs"©" cs cS y oo cn tr y- en © oo es cn th oo vo en rn r^ so m os m os en c» oo © oo t— en Tt y rn so th oo en t— Tt cs oo © m © tn en Tt on cn cs rn so es in m cn cn Tt rn y en Os oo en ires so m © Vi © a I* rJT3 • a U S3 - PQ *"o 24.31 • c cffl O o rt „ UqU c « 73 u « 35.3)3 rf «S ft ^ ° *3 r^&j o S3 - SrJ2 g- 00 . u '5i)U Q j | COO 03 W Ih ■si* •g T) 3 E 3 rt hum ■a "O 3 2 C . .2-6 .S3 3 So ►J « U: IS ■S rt 1w *o *i 5"° 3 3 rt M U 3 *o u m 3 *3 3 ^ I* 1| mfig c"SO •Be 3 o .2 Sfe 5 joss .a* - S3 3 ■- =5 2-3 Qi-l . o •'E3 0 w p OO CD to o.S.5i! r- ti °0 0 gfgft 0 gpi^ 0 5 . « uSuu 2 B 3.2 ^m S 3" |S a o GvS 33ft. rii-lta o . . c uqq « ^ m m "a> 2 « "u = « « 2 " § §™ a rt J3 aj cj a I -"s 'a 1 3 O O « o rt rt 5 UpSbSS ^ -6 T3 W" w TH ?S« F u « -Q rt § ^^ tj u u <8 •> H > -3 s >ViUi 2 n 51 fs-d 3 P *i gal 5 BQ £ D- rt rt -3 u .3 5 s a CJ C 3 s a£ So. a "o 3 3 3 3 Qm CJ » •^ 3 A jd O .2 .<£ rt E Coo rt"3 oocn Scj 5<rt-^ 3^ PrtT) HffiWHH<2zSZUZwffi th nl rt H « t: s ^ •- ,5 £ S Z K .^ rt ts. n u rt £ m,2h 1) "^ »n od Os" ©" r- Tt *N eS'tn en cn REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 139 © o oo © 8 © © c in •.<:' o t- m ■ © © © sp 8SS © © © VD Tt vq oo © in m en y © o cs oo rn m o vp CS y y CS* rH* 00 CS rt y y © SO Tt en en es • SO <r> 1 es Tt m cn Os Os Tt Os © © -rt rn m rH r- es © © cn r— rn w © tr- © Vi rH 00 oo es Os hopviit "* T-nn tr oo so Tt t— so eS m Os ©" od vp" en" "n" od vo" os en tJ- es es es Tt 0\ es os r- m rn © t- r- as in m rn Tt vo m oo Tt Vp £ es Cj en © : c*> r- O rn m sp co : t- vo Oi rt rt cs vO vn in en © r- t> t-~ es r- rn co Tt Tf en en Tt CO es vo" es Tt m cn vo es Tt so os © © Tt cs © m r> cn © © es vo oo 00 cs r- © m Tt cs oo © es m oo m Tt oo vo m Tt oo vo Tt r- vp in t~- es Os oo vo en Tt r- vp l> es os r- m Tt co oo cn oo en Tt es es cs Tt OS in in th Tt m © cn Os cn rH cn t-^ y y in" m © vo m rn © -rt cn © m O es rn vo —, •n © m © Tt en ir ,_, S es th .-. co os i> os Tt Tt vo r- Tt tr es os vo © co es es vo vo in m os oo Tt cs es © vo y © © co r- Tt © Os th cs oo en es © CO Os rt oo © © en en vo r- n y y en m en vq es en en" TH en © Os t— Tt m vo *t in © r- vo m th Tt Tt en © vd Tt eS Tf en . " vo r- th © en oo cs m co en oo m rn vo en os Os © m r- oo Xr Xr tr m © © cs y y Tt tr l> © Os Tt oo r cn oo r- t- Os eN vo en rt os CO © co vo cn r> vp es vo rH 00 es o *■£ r-" CS © ; © © rs OO © Os © so vn co 3\ OS Os oo es tN tN i c- r^Tt es Tt ■* ™ cn"vp ©" en Tt in eS 1 j ! "t 1-1 th © os r- Tt m so en Tt sp t+ tr so cn m in y © ©_ m eS es m © r- vp m rn Tt m sO co en oo m cs t— m so © m tr oo as es Tt Os ©" es y y Tt t> sp os eS vo en rn Os sO © os Tt oo r- r- co O oo vp en vp eS oo CS CO Ov ^O rn OO rt m 1-1 in" T | i ] i 1 |_ te •a j C c H *rj *2 T "C z c c c j a % 5 : 1 s « 1 L c X \ P. ; C T C r c 1 p a s \ i 0 0 c« X 0 1 - tL £ h c V - H 1 1 s c q M r- oZ Ih K U ■- E & P CG crtK <u > ° i 3 = ca C J ! 1 Z 0 c I- E y £ c > c z V a | | X I •o S3 rt coOo. u > t« m Phpooouo «* B •c o a k. IS s °- S ii 1 1 - c c •5 I 0 s £ 4 c c B I C PC t, 1 (7 « u rH 6 E rt 7s c H Q to 5 4 < l ] c B i ! cc c 1 a t 1 < 1 1 ; ta 1 « 'h 1 V C c « 1- c Os in >o oo CS cn in en oo -h m Tt en f ec en CS OJ rU p t\ c tM u > <> 11 p rt a 01 ■s c ■6 ta B S OJ u v h 4 3 o X rt 0 3 CJ X & S 140 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS (62) FARM WOOD-LOT LICENCES TO DECEMBER 31,1961 Forest District Number of Licences Productive Area (Acres) Mature Volume (Cu. Ft.) Allowable Annual Cut (Cu. Ft.) Crown Private Total 18 2 15 9 6 2,389 496 3,322 2,460 1,009 343 350 678 347 599 2,732 846 4,000 2,807 1,608 4,862,377 578,017 6,265,025 2,077,616 926,980 97,200 16,000 Prince George Kamloops _ Nelson _. 123,000 54,300 29,100 50 9,676 2,317 11,993 14,710,015 319,600 TREE-FARMS (EXCLUDING THOSE IN TREE-FARM LICENCES) (63) TO DECEMBER 31, 1961 Forest District Number of Tree- farms Productive Area (Acres) Mature Volume (MCu. Ft.) Allowable Annual Cut (MCu. Ft.) 17 5 360,495 184,669 1,220,884 127,4921 18,133 2,3392 Totals 22 545,164 1,348,376 20,472 i Plus 1,640,724 Christmas trees. 2 Plus 386,740 Christmas trees. Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1962 1,460-362-8679
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REPORT of THE FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1961 British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1962]
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Title | REPORT of THE FOREST SERVICE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1961 |
Alternate Title | REPORT OF FOREST SERVICE, 1961 |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1962] |
Extent | Foldout Map: STATUS OF SUSTAINED-YIELD FORESTRY PROGRAMME as at 31 DECEMBER 1961 |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1962_V01_05_001_140 |
Collection |
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2018-01-12 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0363093 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
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