PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION Hon. E. C. Westwood, Minister D. B. Turner, Deputy Minister REPORT OF THE Department of Recreation and Conservation containing the reports of the FISH AND GAME BRANCH, PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH, BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU, PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH, AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH Year Ended December 31st 1960 Printed by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1961 Victoria, B.C., January 18th, 1961. To Major-General the Honourable George Randolph Pearkes, V.C., P.C., C.B., D.S.O., M.C., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Recreation and Conservation for the year ended December 31st, 1960. E. C. WESTWOOD, Minister of Recreation and Conservation. Victoria, B.C., January 18th, 1961. The Honourable E. C. Westwood, Minister of Recreation and Conservation. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Recreation and Conservation for the year ended December 31st, 1960. D. B. TURNER, Deputy Minister of Recreation and Conservation. CONTENTS Page Introduction by the Deputy Minister of Recreation and Conservation 7 Fish and Game Branch 11 Provincial Parks Branch 27 British Columbia Government Travel Bureau 39 Photographic Branch 49 Commercial Fisheries Branch 55 2 O H < > OS U 0 0 S "g S o ii < | n 1 5 U Z •< g Q o K O > I (-• 2 U >• X H 0. U Q 11 W Q 5 ■ s < 1 - I " I Is 1 c - 2 Is- < - 1 - 3 • j - _ _ ■ »• j * a1?! r i.-i*!* _;i§S° - - I- SO QO.-l' a mA _ o U >* r Is a . g>Q I OO - - 1 - < 8* -« j c S n « _"■ . • *_i«D"i o § j* f sf |5'S«I _«Iff II-3 _Nfl*!_ff°;I-Js_| «a""— ™ »_!'5j'i_'i- ■ 0 • ■_ n.'J.>SoQ.5oOu_*-e*y^eJ „ -3 | •< . ill 1 3 «f 5 -2 k' sis a. 0. O 0 ■ a" I > a z u £ i ililriglsi [ 1 s s 1 - > 1 f I 5-__a-3-j3 1111J § I > Z 5 U * P. « „ 2 « * • in w 2 s j £ K n." 0 J u 1Jl0. B, S W «|| O * a. in a. j 0 1 1 s ° g < it I! 11 SI 1 p Q. Q « Report of the Department of Recreation and Conservation, 1960 D. B. Turner, Deputy Minister and Commissioner of Fisheries INTRODUCTION Steadily mounting pressures on our fish and game resources by a constantly increasing hunter and fisherman population have presented continuing challenges to the Department—challenges which are being met by an accelerated lake- rehabilitation programme and extensive game-management projects. It is noteworthy that during the past year the Department purchased 317 acres in the southern portion of the East Kootenay District to protect the vulnerable and major big-game migration route in that area and to secure a key acreage for game- management research. Noteworthy, too, is the 300-per-cent increase in poundage of fish released for stocking purposes since 1956. Costs of fish production in our hatcheries have shown a steady decrease, and in 1960 production costs per unit of fish decreased by 30 per cent over 1959 in spite of a record production. Our Parks Branch continued to engage in the struggle to keep ahead of public demand for camp and picnic facilities, and visits to our parks reached a new high of 3,100,000 visits, from the 1959 total of 2,700,000. Eight land donations for park use are greatly appreciated—generous gifts for the present and future use and enjoyment by British Columbians and their guests. A new and widely acclaimed motion picture, " The Fraser Canyon," was released during the year by the Photographic Branch and has brought the story of British Columbia's beauties to uncounted television audiences in both Canada and the United States. Of special long-term value to the Department was the inauguration of an in- service training program for Fish and Game Branch personnel, which has already proven to be of great value to the Branch. This programme will be continued. A feature of the school is the inclusion of staff members from other branches in the Department. Public acceptance of the magazine " Beautiful British Columbia " has ensured the success of this popular publication, which is produced by this Department. It is going to forty-four countries as well as to all parts of Canada, and has generated hundreds of enthusiastic letters of comment from all parts of the world. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help of British Columbians in spreading abroad gift copies. The programme of reconstruction of the historic site of Barkerville was continued, and more than 20,000 visitors were recorded, almost twice as many as in 1959. Interest in British Columbia as a tourist centre was fanned by a continuing programme of advertising in the United States and Canada, and resulted in a 28- per-cent increase in mail inquiries received by the British Columbia Government Travel Bureau. However, there was a slight decrease in estimated tourist revenue to the Province, which, by estimates, amounted to $100,400,000 in 1960 compared with $106,000,000 in 1959. An off-cycle year for sockeye salmon and depleted stocks of other species caused a gloomy picture for British Columbia's fishing industry during 1960. A protracted strike of herring-fishermen had a further serious effect on the industry. HIGHLIGHTS OF 1960 Although the work of each branch is fully described in separate submissions, the following are highlights of 1960. FISH AND GAME BRANCH REVENUE Revenues accrued by the Fish and Game Branch are estimated at $1,619,- 328.85, an approximate increase of $69,328.85 over the 1959/60 returns. ANGLERS INCREASE The number of licensed anglers increased from 177,500 in 1959 to 185,000 in 1960, an increase of approximately 4.5 per cent. HATCHERY PRODUCTION Hatchery crews travelled more than 60,000 miles by tank-truck, boat, and aeroplane to stock 336 lakes and streams with some 40,000 pounds of trout (about 5,000,000 fish). Unit costs of fish production were further reduced in 1960 by 30 per cent as compared with 1959 costs. HUNTING PRESSURES A total of 125,650 hunting licences were issued during 1960, an increase of almost 9 per cent over the 115,578 issued in 1959. This is the largest annual increase in many years. PERSONNEL SELECTION A new method of Game Warden recruitment, incorporating personal interviews and examinations in centres throughout the Province, was initiated and has resulted in improving the quality of candidates for appointments. PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH POPULARITY GROWING Park " visits " passed the 3 million mark for the first time. In 1948, 113,000 " visits " were recorded. DONATIONS TO THE CROWN Gifts of valuable park land continued to rise in importance and value. Eight such areas were donated in 1960 and totalled 994 acres. INTERPRETATION Nature Interpretation.—The nature houses at Miracle Beach and Manning Park were visited by 37,000 people, an increase of 27 per cent over 1959. CAMP- AND PICNIC-SITE INCREASE Ten new camp and picnic sites were developed during the year, and the number of picnic tables was increased 25 per cent from 3,623 in 1959 to 4,547 in 1960. FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL PROGRAMMES Two plans in 1960 financed an effective works scheme in Provincial parks to the value of $480,000. 9 O 10 BRITISH COLUMBIA BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU REVENUE DECREASE Tourist revenue was estimated at $100,400,000, a slight decrease in line with the national trend. INCREASED ACCOMMODATION The Travel Bureau reported a total of 2,044 establishments providing tourist accommodation, with an estimated 29,008 rental units (including 124 new registrations.) CONVENTION STATISTICS British Columbia was host to more than 200 regional and international conventions registering a total of nearly 50,000 delegates. INCREASED INTEREST Mail inquiries at the Travel Bureau's Victoria office totalled 60,110, a 28.36- per-cent increase over last year's 46,826. PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH TELEVISION COVERAGE AT NEW HIGH LEVELS Television screenings of British Columbia Government films totalled 110 on United States stations and sixty-seven on Canadian stations during 1960, and included a coast-to-coast showing of " Land of the Red Goat." Private showings to audiences totalling 380,724 were made in the United States and Canada. NEW RELEASE The film " The Fraser Canyon " was released during the year and has proven to be exceptionally popular with the growing audience for Departmental productions. "BEAUTIFUL BRITISH COLUMBIA" The Branch actively participated in the production of Beautiful British Columbia magazine and provided 124 colour prints for use in the magazine during 1960. COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH STOCKS AND REVENUE DOWN IN 1960 British Columbia's fisheries showed a marked decrease in revenue due to a scarcity of fish in the case of the salmon species, and to depressed world markets for herring oil and meal. LARGE SPAWNING-CHANNEL OPENED The largest man-made salmon-spawning area in North America was opened at Robertson Creek on Vancouver Island by the Honourable J. Angus MacLean, Federal Minister of Fisheries. CLAM-DIGGING Seal Island, in the vicinity of Comox, was opened to clam-digging from November 15th to December 15th, 1960. The area had been reserved previously for the purpose of clam research. FISH and GAME BRANCH : ■■;:. ,«,-*■» fes. e:.■■:■ .. :.. ■ %S_a -ger r- ,■■..■■: [■: ;■;::::.:;■. ■Hi**' -: ..■:'■ j* SI ttif Gathering hunting statistics at Fish and Game Branch game-checking station, Cache Creek. B.C. Fisheries biologists gather trout eggs as part of fishery rehabilitation programme. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 13 FISH AND GAME BRANCH Frank R. Butler, Director ADMINISTRATION As previously predicted, hunting and fishing pressure has continued to expand, with the number of hunting licences issued increasing by 9 per cent and anglers' licences by 4.5 per cent over 1959 figures. Indications are that pressure in game hunting and sport fishing will continue to increase. During the year the Enforcement Division was increased by six Game Wardens, and it is noteworthy that as hunting and fishing pressures continue their upward swing, so will there be an ever-pressing need to increase personnel in all divisions of the Branch. Twenty-one Game Wardens, four Inspectors, two predatory-animal hunters, fishery-management personnel, and Departmental representatives attended for the first time an in-service training-school held for some twelve days at the Green Timbers camp of the British Columbia Forest Service. Plans are under way for a second school in 1961. Considerable benefits were most evident from this school, and the aim to increase appreciation of all phases of conservation work and to provide the knowledge with which conservation officers can contribute to the technical aspects of fish and game management were fully met. This school was undoubtedly a great success. As in previous years, many violations of the Game Act, Migratory Birds Convention Act, and Fisheries Act and regulations were encountered and successfully dealt with in every section of the Province. Final figures will undoubtedly show an increase in violations over any preceding year. The unsportsmanlike and cruel method of pit-lamping or night hunting has spread into many sections of the Province, necessitating many extra night patrols, resulting in a number of prosecutions for this type of violation. The Cache Creek game-checking station, operated each year, was responsible again in securing valuable scientific data that will enable the Branch to more efficiently manage the game resources in the Interior of the Province. Spot game- checking stations were also put into effect in numerous sections of British Columbia during the past hunting season, and these surprise or spot checks have proven of utmost importance and will be continued. The Cache Creek station was operated on a twenty-four-hour basis from September 5th to December 11th, and is probably the only station of its kind on the North American Continent. Attention is drawn to the reports of the Game, Fisheries, and Predator Control Divisions, which are contained herein. These reports are mentioned because it is felt they contain information on wildlife management that indicate that our most valuable wildlife resource is being conserved in the true sense of the word. Many outstanding management techniques have been successfully put into operation which contribute to the perpetuation of game and sport fish. Throughout 1960 careful study has been made of all factors responsible for hunting accidents, and many suggestions have been received to help prevent them. However, our study of the problem clearly indicates the only way in which to avoid these accidents, or at least to decrease them, is to carry out a continuing educational programme. This is being done to the best of our ability. Hunting accidents during the year increased slightly over 1959, but there was no increase in fatalities due to the use of firearms. Study of the causes of hunting accidents indicates they can be laid generally to gross carelessness. O 14 BRITISH COLUMBIA It is to be regretted there is need to report the demise of an old and trusted employee in the passing of Game Warden R. S. Hayes, and members of the Branch wish to again extend to Mrs. Hayes and family their heartfelt sympathy in their bereavement. The co-operation of the British Columbia Forest Service of the Department of Lands and Forests in permitting our holding the in-service training-school previously mentioned, the co-operation of all branches of the Department of Recreation and Conservation, the kind and splendid help of all Governmental departments, the full co-operation of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and the help and assistance of farmers, sportsmen, and other similar organizations is certainly very much appreciated. Public understanding of the Branch's aims and ambitions has increased through our publication Wildlife Review, as well as through the excellent work of all personnel of the Branch. GAME MANAGEMENT DIVISION General The increase of hunting pressure in British Columbia continues at an accelerating rate. In 1960 resident licence sales amounted to approximately 125,650, or about 10,000 more than in 1959, for an increase of almost 9 per cent. This is partially responsible for the larger harvest of game animals and birds recorded this year. Game Regulations The format of the game regulations was changed somewhat from preceding years. Efforts were made to simplify the layout and reduce size by eliminating non-essential information. The smaller pamphlet, which was printed in two colours, was enthusiastically received by the hunting public this year. There were few season changes, other than earlier opening dates on antlerless deer. For the first time a season on deer of either sex was held in the northern sections of the Province (Game Management Areas 20 and 21). Game Harvest The Cache Creek records indicate a marked increase in the take of many species of game animals in 1960. The following table shows the comparative harvest for the various species since 1955:— Cache Creek Checking-station Totals Year Deer 1955 1956 1 2,296 | 2,397 j 2,245 [ 2,344 I 2,732 j 3,295 j 1957 - - 1958 1959 . . 1960 .. Moose Bear Caribou Elk Mountain Goat Mountain Sheep Waterfowl 2,301 2,649 2,799 3,064 82 141 179 113 2,645 I 225 2,919 140 ! | 20 - | 27 2 48 4 45 3 60 5 j 106 9 63 56 91 82 65 121 26 24 43 23 50 6,568 4,371 | 7,349 7,032 | 8,193 11,027 | 8,985 19,351 | 7,563 7,853 | 6,890 5,701 | 10,966 14,517 14,146 14,763 14,938 17,902 Notable increases occurred for deer, moose, caribou, mountain goat, and mountain sheep. The harvest of waterfowl was down only slightly, but a considerable drop in grouse occurred. The grouse population appears to be on the " cyclic " decline. The large increase for caribou confirms reports from the north that mountain caribou populations have expanded in recent years. This animal is now greatly underharvested. Unfortunately, most herds are inaccessible, except DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 15 to outfitters and hunters employing aircraft. Similarly, a large increase in the take of mountain goats was recorded, which points not only to increased pressure on this species, but also to the favourable population status. Total harvest data cannot be given for 1960 at the time of writing. The following table summarizes the harvest for the preceding five years, and is based on the data obtained from the annual hunter questionnaire:— Kill of Major Game Species from Hunter Sample, 1955-59 Species 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 305,400 186,600 36,800 6,200 1,700 50,900 319,800 188,000 39,400 6,500 2,200 43,000 346,600 304,800 44,600 9,900 1,800 47,400 432,100 554,800 70,000 11,500 3,100 59,700 390,200 365,000 50,700 Moose Elk. . .. 12,200 2,300 61,400 With increasing pressure it has become necessary to obtain information on the extent of local game harvests. To achieve this an extensive system of road checks was set up in all important hunting areas in the Province, especially during the seasons on antlerless animals. Thirteen thousand head of big game were examined on these temporary checks and over 40,000 hunters interviewed. The information obtained is an important supplement to that obtained from other sources. Status of Game Populations Moose.—Winter and spring mortality for 1959/60 was not as apparent as during the preceding year and was generally concluded unimportant. Most investigations indicate moose are plentiful and probably in excess of sustained range- carrying capacity in many districts. In some of the more heavily hunted areas of the Southern Cariboo, the winter range has shown some recovery in recent years. Numerous forest fires during the summer of 1960 probably increased the carrying capacity for moose in portions of the Interior, but only a small percentage of the fires were so situated as to create a new food-supply for moose. Deer.—Mule deer are abundant on all the better ranges. The population reflects a good winter survival for the past several years. Some notable increases have occurred in the Nechako Valley and surrounding areas, and were responsible for the antlerless deer season for the north in 1960. It is concluded the present deer population can only exist under conditions of mild winters and therefore is above the sustained carrying capacity. More liberal seasons in the Cariboo and Chilcotin Districts are advisable for 1961. Although weather conditions this year were not conducive to a satisfactory harvest, the Cache Creek checking-station experienced the largest take so far recorded. Other Big Game. — The trend shown over the past few years toward an increased harvest of the rarer species of big game continued again this year. Mountain caribou, goat, and sheep populations are probably higher or at least as high as they have been at any time in recent years. The caribou in particular is coming to the fore as an increasingly important big-game animal and is attracting new hunters each year. Although hunter sample figures or checking-station data do not provide accurate indicators of population status for the rare species, they do, when combined with reports from conservation officers and from hunters in general, reveal a trend which in this case appears most favourable. Due to the area of the Province and the widely scattered nature of so many of the mountain species of O 16 BRITISH COLUMBIA big game, detailed inventory of populations is neither possible nor economically justifiable. We must depend upon information from all sources as a means of determining the trend in status for these lesser-hunted species. Game Birds.—Native grouse, with the exception of blue grouse, were down in numbers for the second consecutive year. This strongly suggests the beginning of the " cyclic " decline, which has apparently occurred earlier than usual. Good blue grouse hunting, however, was to be found in the southern districts. Chukar partridges have continued to increase, and this year provided outstanding sport for a growing number of upland bird enthusiasts during the long season from September 15th to December 4th. California quail and Hungarian partridge were again abundant in areas of suitable habitat. Pheasant-hunting was best in the North Okanagan and the Thompson Valley, which suggests still further the deleterious effect of toxic sprays and other orchard practices in the major fruit-growing areas farther south. The first season on mourning doves in British Columbia was held in 1960. This bird is plentiful in parts of the Southern Interior and could become as important a sporting bird as it is in the United States. Waterfowl.—January aerial counts of waterfowl in the Lower Mainland and south coastal areas showed some improvement over those for 1959. The count rose from 56,000 ducks and geese in 1959 to 64,000 this year. The Fraser estuary and adjacent waters constitute one of the most important waterfowl areas in Canada. Due to this there is need for a large migratory-waterfowl refuge in the area in order to maintain and hold the present population of ducks, as well as to create public interest in waterfowl and to facilitate research and management studies. Pre-season abundance of both ducks and geese in the Fraser Valley was greater than for several years. Aerial counts made a few days prior to the season opening showed some 39,000 birds, compared to 7,500 in 1959. Access and Public Shooting-grounds A right-of-way was constructed into the Tofino Waterfowl Management Area, but final completion of the roadway will not be undertaken until 1961. A habitat- development project involving marsh-blasting on a portion of the Ladner Marsh is planned for 1961. This development, it is hoped, will improve the waterfowl potential of the marsh. A strategically located 317 acres of deer and elk winter range on the Elk River near Elko was obtained from private ownership. Purchase was made in order that the Fish and Game Branch may exercise control over the lands involved and thus assure the continuance of public hunting in the area. Habitat Improvement A pheasant habitat-improvement project was undertaken at Oliver in co-operation with the South Okanagan Sportsmen's Association. Approximately 20 miles of dyke-top were seeded to a mixture of rye, sweet clover, millet, brome-grass, and white clover. The project was not wholly successful because of lack of moisture in July and extremely hot weather, which destroyed a large proportion of the seedling plants. Game Propagation Twenty-four live fisher were obtained for the Montana State Game Department. These were collected from trappers and held at Kamloops until picked up by Montana State game personnel. The project will continue into 1961 as the result of a request for fisher from the State of Oregon. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 17 Research The following research projects were carried out in 1960:— (1) Study into the relationship between deer and sustained-yield forestry at Northwest Bay (Nanaimo) in co-operation with MacMillan, Bloedel and Powell River Company. (2) The effect of whitetail deer on alfalfa production in the East Kootenay District. (3) The Game Management Division participated in a bighorn sheep study in the Ashnola area, undertaken principally by the University of British Columbia. Appointments The vacancy at Prince George for a regional game biologist was filled by Mr. F. Hartman, formerly with the Parks Branch. The need for a game manager in the Okanagan and Kettle region prompted the appointment of Mr. W. McLaren as game biologist for this important section of the Province. At the present time the Game Management Division comprises nine permanent personnel. Contributing also to the programme of game management are the conservation officers, whose help is gratefully acknowledged. Without assistance from this group, as well as from other members of the Branch, many of the activities could not have been undertaken. Publications The following publications or papers were written:— (1) The Accuracy of Determining Age in Deer by Tooth Replacement and Wear. P. J. Bandy. Mimeo. (2) Management of Moose in British Columbia. Dr. J. Hatter and P. W. Martin. Proc. 40th An. Conf. West. Assoc. State Fish and Game Commissioners. Public Relations The Game Management Division has been most active in public relations work, and over 100 meetings of rod and gun clubs and allied interests were attended. Several television and radio appearances were also made. The main purpose of this activity is to inform the public of the work of the Fish and Game Branch and to gain support and understanding for the programme in effect. SPORT FISHERIES The management of British Columbia's sport fisheries, together with a well- balanced basic fisheries research programme, continued to increase in scope. This growth in management and research closely paralleled steadily increasing fishing pressures and increased industrial activity. Higher angling pressures tend to reduce individual catch success, while industrial activities reduce habitat. In order to maintain the quantity and quality of the sport fishery, management and research must keep pace with the Province's growth. Approximately 185,000 anglers' licences were sold in 1960. This compares with 177,500 in 1959, and represents an increase of slightly more than 4.5 per cent over 1959. Many features of the 1960 sport-fish programme were exceedingly productive, both in terms of maintaining quality fishing as well as in the creation of new fishing opportunitnes. The more important highlights of the year's activities are outlined below. o 18 british columbia Public Access Public access problems increase in relation to numbers of anglers and their ever-increasing leisure time. During 1960 access problems involving Stump Lake (Kamloops area), Alleyene, Crater, and Courtney Lakes (Merritt area), and Richter Lake (Oliver area) arose. Solutions to each of these have been formulated, and it is possible these problems will be largely resolved in 1961. Hatchery Operations The operation of Fish and Game Branch hatcheries continued to expand. Since many more rehabilitated lakes were brought into production, the emphasis shifted from production of large trout to the supply of larger numbers of smaller fish. As a result, the cost per pound of fish remained approximately the same as for 1959, as more individual lakes were stocked, with consequent increases in vehicle travel expenses. Total poundage of trout produced in 1960 was about 6,000 pounds less than in 1959, but a large increase occurred in the total numbers of public fishing waters planted. About forty lakes more were stocked in 1960 than in 1959. In 1956 the hatchery programme serviced 146 lakes and streams. In 1960, only five years later, 336 lakes and streams were planted from Branch hatcheries. Commencing in April, heavy schedules of fish liberations were carried to completion by October. About 40,000 pounds of trout and steelheads were liberated by hatchery crews, who travelled in excess of 60,000 miles by truck, aeroplane, and boat. Some of the steelheads and trout released were the largest ever planted in British Columbia, many of them exceeding 12 inches in length and one-half pound in weight. Cost per pound of trout for vehicle expenses incurred during fish-planting activities was decreased about 30 per cent through the use of modified oxygen injection and spray systems on fish-tank trucks. An interesting highlight of fish planting occurred during trout liberations from Summerland hatchery. In two trips, slightly over 3,300 pounds of trout were planted. This exceeded the 1956 total output of trout from Summerland hatchery by about 10 per cent. While it is gratifying to observe that costs are still being lowered and production efficiency improved, it is of great importance to evaluate clearly the contribution of hatchery trout to the sport fishery. To do this, seven applied research projects are now under way. Through such research, relative survival rates of various strains of trout can be established and assessed against their role in the hatchery production programme. Research also is continuing on the size of planted trout as related to survival, and on the required stocking densities as related to equivalent numbers of trout at different sizes. The possibility of successful fish reclamations below irrigation dams is also to be studied. These and other related applied research projects to be carried out with the co-operation of regional fisheries biologists will provide the Branch with important new information necessary to keep abreast of changing needs in the sport fishery. Research on the physiological factors involved in the transport of trout has been carried out at Summerland hatchery by Dr. E. C. Black, Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia. Assisted by the staff at Summerland hatchery, Dr. Black has now been able to isolate many of the important sources of stress involved in live-fish transport. As a result of these researches, capacities of moble fish-tanks have now been more than trebled, while at the same time mortality of transported fish has been reduced to negligible levels. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 19 Fundamental research continues on the steelhead trout (sea-going rainbow trout). A more complete understanding of their biology is of prime importance to our knowledge of requirements for management and artificial propagation of these important sport fish, which are most important to our coast stream fisheries. During 1960 hatcheries of the Fish and Game Branch extended a considerable degree of assistance to other fisheries agencies and to the University of British Columbia by making available fish for research purposes and by providing facilities for incubation, rearing, and transport of several species not normally handled in our programme. Of considerable importance to future plans for hatchery production was the purchase of land for a new hatchery to serve the Kootenay regions. About 190 acres of land was acquired near Wardner, 30 miles south-east of Cranbrook. Future plans call for establishment of modern hatchery facilities, rearing-ponds, and residences for staff. Design capacity for the new station exceeds by twice the present total combined output of all Branch hatcheries. Of special interest were stockings of large catchable trout in children's fishing- ponds, development of new techniques in air transport of trout, use of new strains of trout in production programmes, development of new techniques in feeding of young fish, and experiments with new methods of transporting fish eggs. To a large degree, the credit for new ideas and improvements must be given the staffs at each of the several hatcheries. Their continuing efforts, often under adverse conditions, have been most important in effecting increased output and higher efficiency. Lake Rehabilitation Although the total number of lakes chemically treated in 1960 was less than that in 1959, fourteen lakes as compared to eighteen, the total volume of water involved was much greater, 164,582 acre-feet as compared to 98,644 acre-feet. As predicted, management efforts in the future will probably be confined to fewer but larger lakes as most of the small, easily accessible lakes have already been treated. The largest lake treated this year was White Lake near Salmon Arm; this lake has a volume greater than all of the lakes treated last year. The following lakes were treated in 1960:— Vancouver Island— AcnSei? Florence Lake 324 Langford Lake 4,116 Barsby Lake 121 Little Beaver Lake 51 Lower Mainland—Kawkawa Lake 6,217 Okanagan-Kam loops— Marquette Lake 368 Garcia Lake 1,430 White Lake 106,900 Spectacle Lake 98 Northern— Dragon Lake 30,900 St. Francis Lake 2,660 St. Mary Lake 9,150 Kootenay— Hahas Lake 1,575 Boundary Lake (Creston) 672 O 20 BRITISH COLUMBIA Most of the lakes listed above were treated with toxaphene, but Marquette and Garcia Lakes were treated experimentally with the new chemical thiodan. It is hoped thiodan will combine some of the beneficial features of toxaphene and rote- none. Rotenone was used to treat Spectacle and Barsby Lakes since they are small and could be treated with rotenone economically. Hahas Lake appears on the list again this year as all of the coarse fish were not killed in the 1959 treatment, and the lake was accordingly re-treated. Lake Surveys During the 1960 season some fifty-five lakes were surveyed by the Fisheries Management Division. These surveys involve an accurate sounding of the lake in order that accurate lake volumes could be calculated. Chemical analysis of the water and sampling of the bottom fauna, plankton, and fish populations were also undertaken. To date some 490 lakes have been surveyed since 1958. Twelve lakes were surveyed on Vancouver Island, one on the Lower Mainland, twelve in the Okanagan District, eight in the Cariboo District, fourteen in the Kootenay District, and eight in the Prince George District during 1960. A list of all lakes surveyed to date, with notes as to information available, has been mimeographed and is available to the public. Lake and Stream Improvement The Similkameen River was used as the site of an experimental " put and take " (planting of legal-size fish) stocking. Only 10 per cent of the fish were taken by anglers in spite of considerable publicity; nevertheless, the stocking created much interest amongst tourists and local sportsmen. Lightning Lakes in Manning Park were surveyed to determine the effects on sport fishing of future damming for park improvement and development. Introduction of a greater variety of sport fish to new areas of the Province was undertaken in 1960 through stocking of yellow perch in Swan Lake (near Dawson Creek), Eastern brook trout into several Southern Cariboo lakes, and small-mouth bass into a few Vancouver Island lakes. A programme was also initiated to evaluate the survival of various sizes of planted trout. Steelhead Programme Hatchery plantings of 2-year-old steelhead smolts have apparently created a new steelhead fishery in the Coquitlam River. Marked hatchery fish of a distinctive size and shape have returned to the river in large numbers and much earlier in the year than the natural steelhead population. Kootenay Lake Study The Kootenay Lake study was terminated this year following spawning run counts and other observations on the Lardeau River in the spring. A report on this three-year study has been prepared and will soon be made available to the public. Fisheries Statistics The creel-census programme was expanded in 1960 to cover more of the Province. In this programme, resort operators and individual anglers, as well as our own staff, keep records of daily fishing success. This information is absolutely essential in planning such management programmes as lake rehabilitation work, fish stocking, and lake and stream improvement work. It is evident that more DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 21 information is needed as to the economic importance of the sport catch in various areas of the Province, and steps will be taken to obtain this much-needed information. Public Relations As in the past, the fisheries staff have been most active in this field. While rod and gun club meetings and service club meetings are attended to acquaint the membership with work of the Branch in general, emphasis was placed on pollution- control. Protection Two biological surveys relating to hydro-electric power development were undertaken by this Branch during the past year. The physical and biological features of the Taseko-Chilko-Tatlayoko lake system were surveyed to gather material for preparation of a co-operative report by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, the Department of Fisheries, and the Fish and Game Branch. This report is designed to outline the possible harmful effects to commercial and sport fishes within this system if development for power-generation purposes is to proceed at some future date. A preliminary survey of the lakes and rivers within the Columbia River system to be affected by proposed hydro-electric power development was initiated. The investigation has involved fish sampling and stream surveys within the reservoir areas. This project will continue next year. Pollution-control activities continue to attract much attention from this Branch. Interest in base-metal mining in the Northern Vancouver Island and Merritt areas has increased during the past year. In each instance where a mine or milling process is contemplated near fish-producing streams or lakes, negotiations for the installation of pollution-abatement facilities have been undertaken. Observations of pesticide spray programmes for the control of mosquitoes, black flies, ambrosia beetles, black-headed budworms, and saddle-back loopers continue. In those instances where sufficient advance notification of these programmes has been supplied to this Branch, regulations designed to protect sport and commercial fishes have been formulated and instituted. Pollutions resulting from logging practices, food-processing plants, laundromats, and sundry other industrial activities have been averted or alleviated. The process of investigation by field personnel of water-licence applications continues to provide beforehand information relating to proposed industrial developments which might adversely affect fish populations. Engineering Major engineering projects completed in 1960 included modernization of Loon Creek trout hatchery, the development of a standard-type fish-barrier dam, and design of a new water intake which largely eliminates water failures. The work at Loon Creek included the construction of a supervisor's residence and new water-system facilities. The residence is a two-bedroom, 640-square-foot, partly log, partly framed cabin. The new water system is composed of two sources of supply which can be used either jointly or separately, several hundred feet of interconnecting pipe, a screening and distribution chamber, and a head tank inlet system. Loon Creek now has the most advanced hatchery water system in British Columbia. A great deal of time was spent on the design of fish barriers, resulting in the evolution of a standard design. The design required the following specifications:— O 22 BRITISH COLUMBIA (1) Prevent the up-stream movement of all fresh-water fish, with the exception of anadromous fish, through a full range of stream-flow and debris conditions: (2) Be of the simplest type of construction in order to minimize the cost: (3) Have a useful life of at least thirty years: (4) Be particularly adaptable to accommodate various sites and stream-flows without appreciably altering the fundamental design: (5) Be designed for the worst possible site conditions; for example, bearing value, permeability, and frost-heave. Only one dam of this design was constructed in 1960, and this was located at Dragon Lake near Quesnel. Another dam, on the outlet stream of Kawkawa Lake, near Hope, was of similar design, but had to meet the additional requirement of passing salmon in the fall months. In order to meet this requirement the Kawkawa barrier was designed to easily convert to a one-pool fishway to allow the free passage of migrating salmon. The Cultus Lake hatchery had been plagued with water failures, which resulted in costly fish losses. These failures always occurred at the water intake due to debris. In order to combat this problem an additional intake was constructed below the spillway of the intake dam of the sloping screen type. Both intakes were joined to the main supply-pipe just below the dam. The system was hydraulically designed so that under normal conditions the water flowed through the original intake; however, if this flow should be reduced or stopped due to debris, the water would start to flow from the new intake. Consequently, the hatchery is now assured of a continual flow. The Engineering Division was also called upon to design and prepare contract documents for a residence-office for the Fort Nelson Detachment. This building was to have a floor area of 1,700 square feet with a full basement for vehicle and miscellaneous storage. The design had to meet all the rigid requirements of a northern climate. In addition to these major projects, the Division also carried out many other investigations, such as hydrological studies and dam-site surveys. Research The study of the spawning run of suckers to an inlet stream of Baker Lake, near Quesnel, was undertaken again in the spring by members of the Research Division. Details of the life-history of these fish indicate possibilities of coarse-fish control in situations where complete eradication would not be feasible. Studies on the distribution and spawning migration of kokanee at Nicola Lake were somewhat curtailed because of unavoidable delays in obtaining scientific apparatus essential to the programme. A marked increase in both the number and the average size of kokanee in the 1960 spawning run to Moore Creek was noted. Intensive year-round sampling was carried out on five Coastal streams as research work on the life-histories and production of sport fish in these waters commenced. Already several striking differences have appeared in habitat preference of young trout and salmon which will be of major importance in their future management. An evaluation of the effectiveness of diving-gear in census of stream fish populations was conducted on the Similkameen River. Counts of several species of fish, including rainbow trout and mountain whitefish, repeated several times over thirteen standard sections (400 feet long and 50 feet wide), by five divers were surprisingly consistent. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 23 Further study is being made of the concentration of dissolved nutrients in lakes throughout the Province. Previous work of the Research Division has indicated the importance of the total dissolved solid content of a lake water in determining its level of productivity. Sampling of lake water is now being extended to include Northern British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Islands, and other areas of the Province where few or no determinations are available. PREDATOR CONTROL DIVISION Although predation complaints increased by 13 per cent over 1959, damage was confined to a low level, with one or two exceptions. The following table is a breakdown of the complaints received and administered during the year:— Species Complaints Bear Cougar Coyote Wolf Sundry1 Total 163 78 71 51 95 16 19 1 167 110 515 256 Totals _,_- __ 241 122 111 20 277 771 1 Includes bobcat, dog, racoon, skunk, and fox complaints. Bear complaints decreased over the majority of the Province, but increased sharply in some of the built-up areas of the Lower Mainland. The number of bears taken was considerably lower than in 1959, although the numbers of complaints were comparable. Cougar complaints increased in numbers and were accompanied by a corresponding increase in the numbers of animals taken by Fish and Game Branch personnel. Populations of this species are increasing over the entire range, but complaints are being handled with little difficulty. One cougar was responsible for a considerable amount of damage before being destroyed. This animal killed thirty- eight sheep during a period of several months before he was captured by the use of a leg-hold snare. Two other cougars destroyed a few head of domestic stock before capture. Wolves caused a normal number of complaints, and only two involved actual damage to domestic-stock animals. The remainder of the complaints originated from guides, hunters, and stockmen who did not appreciate the presence of wolves near their stock. The present wolf population of the Province demands only a continuation of the present level of control to keep their numbers in check. The following table shows a comparison of the numbers of important predators taken by Fish and Game Branch personnel during 1958, 1959, and 1960:— Important Predators Taken during 1958, 1959, and 1960 Species 1958 1959 1960 299 46 625 32 62 276 248 91 91 449 71 599 46 79 140 276 124 140 370 127 617 24 131 243 242 139 Skunks ... 183 Totals 1,770 1,924 2,076 O 24 BRITISH COLUMBIA Cougars, bobcats, and skunks have shown a remarkable increase during the past three years, as indicated by the increases in the numbers taken. Coyotes, wolves, foxes, and racoons have shown either no increase or a slow rise in numbers since 1958. Field observations and reports tend to corroborate this apparent situation. Some species obviously increase at a fairly rapid rate regardless of the type or the intensity of the control used against them. Past records indicate this very clearly. A total of 1,200 poisoned baits were distributed during January, February, and March for wolf and coyote control. Some 1,002 baits were placed from aircraft, and the remaining 198 baits were distributed by ground crews. All but forty-one were in the Interior of the Province. Although weather conditions were not severe enough to force animals to the baits, success was generally very good. All wild-sheep ranges in the Province were baited rather heavily to reduce predation losses to a minimum, and the majority of the heavily hunted deer ranges also received attention. Much of the moose winter range was baited as it is adjacent to domestic-stock range and controls were in heavy demand by ranchers. Rodent-control measures were increased during 1960, with a total of 14,759 acres treated for control of groundsquirrels and pocket gophers on agricultural lands. The operations took place in the East Kootenay, South Okanagan, and North Thompson River areas. Kills were numerous and resulted in a very high demand for much-needed control services from many local centres. Experimental surveys carried out indicated that controls should be expanded to increase efficiency. The rodent-control fieldmen were engaged in experimental work on other troublesome species following the rodent season. Magpies, starlings, and bobcats received the majority of this attention. In addition, these men have handled predator-control work, such as coyote baiting, within their areas and spent considerable time at hunter road checks, as have all other Predator Control personnel in the Province. The help given so freely by other members of the Fish and Game Branch has been very much appreciated by this Division and is hereby acknowledged. -J DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 25 CO LJ _l < CO L±J o 2_* — 0> _l < 3 SQNVSnOHl Nl O 26 BRITISH COLUMBIA CO UJ _l < CO UJ o UJ o> o CJ 10 CO ^ 3 < UJ o ro O CM o O O O 00 R o o in SQNVSnOHl Nl PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH Discovering nature, Manning Park. Formal opening of Sproat Lake Park, June 30th, 1960. Left to right: Mr. M. J. Foley and the Honourable Earle C. Westwood. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 29 PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH H. G. McWilliams, Director The unprecedented expansion of the already well-established parks, the preoccupation with marine parks and pleasure-boating, and the search for, and the acquisition of, much-needed lands in strategic places highlight activities of this Branch during 1960. Significantly, although 1960 showed a large increase in the number of Provincial parks, there was no proportionate rise in the total acreage. The following figures demonstrate this fact: 1959, 147 parks covering 8,421,142 acres; 1960, 163 parks covering 8,423,406 acres, displaying an increase of sixteen parks covering only 2,264 acres, or an average of 141 acres each. That the parks have continued to mount in the scale of public use is also demonstrated by the current " visit " statistics. There appears no deviation from the trend established several years ago, and, in fact, visit progressions made at that time are being borne out and even exceeded. In 1959 there were 2,700,000 park visits; in 1960 there were 3,100,000 park visits. It is interesting to note, for purposes of comparison, that in 1950 the park visit figure was recorded at 236,840 visits. Land is the raw material of park use and enjoyment, and land acquisition has continued to pose pressing problems. There are many special needs still remaining unfulfilled. The popular Lower Mainland urgently requires more good beach areas. An equally urgent need appears for potential marine-park sites, particularly in the northern part of the Gulf Island group. Gifts to the Crown are becoming increasingly important as a source of valuable recreational property and are more numerous as the public becomes more aware of the need. Several such splendid donations were made during 1960. As a result of this generosity, the following parks were established: Beaumont, Bamberton, Thomas S. Francis, Gabriola Sands, Elk Valley, and Crow's Nest. The public-spirited action by these people and enterprises is deeply appreciated. With this in mind, the Department has published a small booklet by which to thank donors of land for recreational use. Other valuable regions, especially in the Southern Interior, are being acquired by purchase. Additions of this type are carefully considered and are necessary for the proper balancing of the park system. The marine parks have risen in number to five, displaying a remarkable growth when set against the single park that existed in 1958. Like their landward counterparts, they are being equipped with standard-pattern facilities. FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL PROGRAMME The year 1960 saw a continued expansion of park facilities, especially along the Trans-Canada Highway route, under the terms of the Federal-Provincial cost- sharing agreements. The year saw two distinct agreements assist in the financing of separate development plans—the Trans-Canada Highway Programme and the Winter Works Programme. YOUTH CREWS The Youth Crew Programme continued to be an unqualified success. This year 144 high-school students were selected from more than 700 applications to form twelve crews, working as follows: twenty-four employed at Bear Lake Park in two crews; thirty-six employed at Manning Park in three crews; thirty-six employed O 30 BRITISH COLUMBIA at Champion Lakes Park in three crews; twenty-four employed at Alice Lake Park in two crews; twenty-four employed at Mount Robson Park in two crews. The popularity of the programme is attested to by the large percentage of young men who reapply for a second term with the plan. The Parks Branch acknowledges the splendid co-operation and assistance of the following departments in the establishment of new park lands throughout the Province: Department of Lands and Forests, Department of Highways, Department of Agriculture, Department of National Defence, and Department of Transport (Canada). PLANNING DIVISION Land Acquisition and Park Inventory The most significant land-acquisition factor to emerge in 1960 was the increased public understanding of the need for good park land. This was strongly expressed in the substantial increase in the number of gifts made for this purpose. They are listed below. Mrs. Katherine Lumsden Ridley, of Surrey, England, presented for park purposes an area of 3.05 acres on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake. The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited donated two separate areas, both in the vicinity of Crowsnest. They are to be known as Crow's Nest Park (121 acres) and Elk Valley Park (199 acres). Mr. Gavin Mouat donated an area of 59.4 acres near Ganges on Saltspring Island. The British Columbia Electric Company Limited presented a region in the vicinity of Browning Lake, to be known as " Murrin Park." It is 40 acres in extent. The late Thomas S. Francis donated an area of 162 acres near Thetis Lake, Victoria, now named after the donor. Capt. E. G. Beaumont gave 367 acres near Fraser Lake, to be known as " Beaumont Park." The Gabriola Sands Company, through Mr. William Coats and Mr. Frank Ney, donated 3.4 acres on Gabriola Island, now called " Gabriola Sands Park." Cottonwood Lake Park was also created from a gift made previously. In all, 950 acres were donated to the Crown for park land during 1960. As a matter of comparison, another 1,242 acres were purchased during the same year. Another six new parks were created in the lands gained in this manner. Of major importance, also, was the generous assistance given to the Parks Branch by other agencies. Through their co-operation it was possible to gain another four new Class "A" parks, two new Class " C " parks, and to add to the area of five already established parks, a total of 572 acres. The new parks were Thunder Hill, Oliver Lake, Allison Lake, and Deadman Lake, all Class "A," and Pemberton and Roserim Creek, Class " C." In summary, the area of Class "A" parks increased by 1,552.2 acres and now totals 1,955,283.9 acres. The area of Class "B " parks totals 6,442,158.5 acres, an increase of 752 acres, and the area of Class " C " parks increased by 367.3 acres, a total now of 27,046.07 acres. Reconnaissance work was undertaken in all districts of the Province this year and involved the following studies, in addition to many individual site examinations: Prince Rupert regional study; shore-line inventory of eleven Cariboo lakes; a study of travel routes between Sicamous and Revelstoke; the San Juan road along the south-west coast of Vancouver Island; the Kettle and Granby River roads; and the Nakusp to Trout Lake road. A major proposed addition to Kokanee Creek DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 31 Park, an initial investigation of the Akamina and Kishinena Valleys, a study of bank fishing and public access points on the Lower Fraser River, and a search for a suitable camp-site in the vicinity of Sproat Lake were also undertaken. The assistance of other Government departments also enabled the reservation of 164 sites for public recreation. These involved some 36,000 acres and represented many key recreational areas across the Province. DEVELOPMENT PLANS OFFICE During the year 1960 the emphasis on regional park planning continued. In an effort to provide more parks for the densely populated south-western corner of the Province, Alice Lake near Squamish and Sproat Lake near the Albernis were planned and developed. There are 165 tables at Sproat Lake Park, making it the largest single day-use layout in the Province. Regional planning also continued along the belt between Prince George and Prince Rupert. Bear Lake and Lakelse Lake received continuing attention. A start was made at Oliver Lake in the provision of a recreational outlet for the people of Prince Rupert. It is also intended that Maclure Lake, near Telkwa, will become a major camp-site to serve the north country. A plan was prepared with this in mind. Following, in general, the pattern of recent years, much of the planning for 1960 was therefore concentrated upon the wayside parks. Automobile camping continues to grow in popularity. Despite a steady programme of development, however, the camp-sites are still thinly scattered along the well-travelled highways of this Province. Plans were produced for the camp-site developments at Dry Gulch and Thunder Hill in the East Kootenay and for Allison Lake near Princeton. Planning was also undertaken for numerous other highway sites, but was not followed by development action. Two new marine parks were planned and developed during the year—one on Keats Island and the other at Rebecca Spit, Quadra Island. The master plans for Mount Robson and Wells Gray Parks, initially started in 1959, were continued in 1960. A detailed plan for the southern part of Garibaldi was commenced. The programme to beautify and improve park entrances was continued during the year. Carved signs were designed and installed at the following parks: Bamberton, Lakelse Lake, Sproat Lake, Englishman River Falls, King George VI, Garibaldi (south), Manning, and Champion Lakes. The plan for a new information-centre shelter was produced as a standard model, and two units were built in Vancouver Island parks. Assistance was provided to Class " C " Park Boards and to municipalities in the planning of non-urban parks. The most outstanding were Hirsch Creek Park near Kitimat and Silver Star Park, Vernon. Other work included the location of a main trail in Mount Seymour Park and a trail system for Champion Lakes Park. A wire fence was planned and erected around the canyon in Stamp Falls Park as a safeguard to pedestrians. As in other years, crews were active in various parts of the Province mapping small sites for planning purposes. Plans for the following parks were completed in 1960, together with the field layouts preparatory to construction: Sproat Lake, Dry Gulch, Stamp Falls, Monck, Lac la Hache, Allison Lake, Thunder Hill, Rebecca Spit, Keats Island, Oliver Lake, Mara Lake, Okanagan Lake, Browning Lake, Prior, Goldpan, Adams Lake, Wasa Lake, and Jimsmith Lake. O 32 BRITISH COLUMBIA Detailed plans have been completed and are available for the development of the following areas: Maclure Lake, Marl Creek, Cameron Lake, McConnell Lake, Miracle Beach, Christina Lake, and Paul Lake. Landscaping The picnic shelter and the toilet building constructed during the winter of 1959/60 at Englishman River Falls Park were completely landscaped in the spring of the year. During the year, advice and supervision on landscaping were given, when required, on all construction projects. A landscaping and erosion-control programme was drawn up for Wasa Lake Park to prevent further erosion in the high-use areas surrounding the lake. Hydroseeding projects were carried out at Bamberton and Okanagan Lake Parks and at Alouette Lake in Garibaldi Park. The Branch assisted the Department of Highways and the British Columbia Research Council in some experimental seeding on sections of the Upper Levels Highway in North Vancouver. A report on the clean-up and landscaping of the upper portion of Mount Seymour was completed and the work started. Interpretation Two nature houses (Manning Park and Miracle Beach Park) and three nature trails (two in Manning Park and one in Miracle Beach Park) were open from late June to early September. Nature houses have served a total of 37,000 people, an increase of 27 per cent over the total for 1959. Half of all twenty-six indoor exhibits were replaced or given major revision for the 1960 season. All Manning Park exhibits were modified or renewed for the 1961 season in the new permanent nature house building. Display furniture for the new building was designed. A new painted type of outdoor exhibit was tried in 1960, and three more produced for 1961. About 1,000 nature trail cards were produced, using about 200 texts. Printed interpretative pamphlets were produced on trees, alpine flowers, and birds. Three series of outdoor " spot talks " were conducted in Miracle Beach Park. These involved astronomy, birds, and sea-shore life. For the fourth consecutive year the interpretative programme attracted more park-users to see more and better interpretative material. The success of this programme continues to be due mainly to the high calibre of staff attracted to this work. Barkerville Work on the rebuilding of the historic site of Barkerville continued, and it was developed into an increasingly popular tourist attraction. During the year more than 20,000 visitors toured the area, almost double the number that visited it in 1959. Wildlife The programme of wildlife research and management in Wells Gray Park continued through its eleventh year. Research concentrated mainly on moose and caribou problems. The second summer of moose behaviour study terminated with new understanding of the population and how it can be inventoried. Helicopter flights clarified the role of the park in containing and managing mountain caribou. Three semi-popular magazine articles and two scientific papers were published. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 33 A record number of hunters (1,540) used the park in 1959. The study on the long-term influence of hunting upon the moose population continued, in an area unique for its purpose. In the past eight years of this programme, requests for scientific information have been met from over 200 scientists and land managers in nine Canadian Provinces, thirty-five states of the United States, and seven other countries. Historic Sites The " stop of interest " sites were given a general renovation treatment by a mobile two-man crew. One new plaque, " Overlanders of 1862," was erected, and four more signs were cast for placing in the spring of 1961. Three " local " historic markers were provided to organized groups. Two building contracts were let in Barkerville Historic Park. One was for the construction of the major part of a new museum building and the other completed the Wake-Up-Jake Coffee Saloon. Several pioneer buildings were furnished and opened for display. A number of structures were either torn down, remodelled, or moved to fit the restoration plan. Camping pressure was alleviated to some extent by the construction of an eighteen-unit camp-ground. Plans for a comprehensive water system were initiated by building an intake at the portal-mouth of the Shamrock mine. Surveys were undertaken with a view to establishing a positive form of ground control and locating all improvements. Despite road-construction difficulties between Quesnel and Barkerville, visitor attendance almost doubled from the previous year to a figure over 19,000. The purchase of Cottonwood House, a historic site near Quesnel, was brought near a conclusion, and further studies were carried out at Fort Steele. Geographer The year 1960 saw a change in emphasis in the work of the geographer. A programme more diversified than in previous years was carried out. Three main types of studies received the most attention: (a) Regional park planning, (b) evaluation of park facilities, and (c) wilderness recreation. The consultative assistance to the Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board in connection with the preparation of the park portion of its land-use plan for the Lower Mainland region continued throughout the year. The regional park situation at Prince Rupert was analysed and reported upon. Studies concerned with the evaluation of park facilities were carried out at Mount Seymour, Cultus Lake, Sproat Lake, and Newcastle Island Parks. Wilderness recreation studies were continued at Wells Gray Park and initiated in the Black Tusk area of Garibaldi Park. A recreational evaluation was made of the British Columbia Power Commission's land holdings on the Upper Campbell reservoir. The compilation and analysis of attendance at Provincial parks is a continuing responsibility. Technical papers were completed on park planning and on wilderness recreation. Consultative assistance was given to the Travel Bureau in connection with proposed tourist studies. PUBLIC INFORMATION Speakers from the Section addressed a wide range of groups in a variety of spots on the Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island. Amongst these were univer- O 34 BRITISH COLUMBIA sity, service, and sports clubs, business associations, P.-T.A. groups, social and night- school organizations. The Section attended exhibitions and fairs at Nanaimo, New Westminster, Sidney, Vancouver, and Marpole. It also provided minor exhibits of the " show window " type in several centres. An interesting sidelight of this particular year was that the Public Information Officer was called upon to undertake temporary public relations projects for other Provincial Government organizations. Most notable of these duties was concerned with the inaugural ceremonies for the new Provincial Government ferry service. The Section planned, and was involved with, the formal opening of Gabriola Sands and Sproat Lake Parks. Park map and single-sheet pamphlet projects continued to be a major preoccupation. This year also saw the provision of the first cast aluminum plaques to mark special gifts of park lands to the public. Normal activities have continued. The Section provides park material for news, radio, and television outlets, for journalists, publishers, and cartographers. ENGINEERING DIVISION The increases in basic park facilities for the year ended December 31st, 1960, are as follows: 542 new camp-sites, a 24-per-cent increase for a total of 2,797; 382 new picnic-sites, a 27.9-per-cent increase for a total of 1,750. Total picnic tables in use in camp-sites and picnic-sites, 4,547, or a 25.5-per-cent increase over 1959. Youth Crew Programme A total of 144 boys were employed in twelve crews of twelve boys each, as follows: Manning Park, 36; Alice Lake, 24; Champion Lakes, 36; Mount Rob- son, 24; Bear Lake, 24. Federal-Provincial Programme The branch continued to receive funds for park development under the terms of the Federal-Provincial agreement and the Trans-Canada Highway programme. The total amount received amounted to approximately $480,000. List of Projects Undertaken in 1960, by Regions Vancouver Island Region Bamberton Park: Fifty camp-sites, thirty-five picnic-sites, toilet-changehouse, water system. Rebecca Spit: Marine park, five camp-sites, eleven picnic-sites. Sproat Lake: 165-unit picnic-site and swimming-floats. Stamp Falls: Camp-site expansion to twenty camp-sites and sixteen picnic- sites, service area. Prior Park: Ten-unit camp-site. Long Beach: Sanitary facilities. Mount Seymour Region Mount Seymour Park: Completion of waterworks, ski-slope improvements. Keats Island: Initial development for marine park. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 35 Garibaldi Region Diamond Head Road: Improvements to the jeep access road to Diamond Head Chalet; installation of new electrical system at Diamond Head Chalet. Alice Lake Park: Construction of camp- and picnic-site project. Total development will have eighty camp-sites and 105-unit picnic-site. Alouette Lake: Water system to picnic-site; toilet-changehouse in picnic-site. Cultus Lake Region Cultus Lake Park: Construction of two swimming-piers. Green Point Park: Toilet-changehouse, water system. Manning Region Emory Creek: Water system. Manning Park: Interpretation museum. Allison Lake: Twenty-four-unit camp-site and fourteen-unit picnic-site. Okanagan Region Kelowna Park: Expansion to twenty-unit camp-site. Johnstone Creek: Reconstruction and expansion to fifteen-unit camp-site. Boundary Creek: Reconstruction and expansion to twenty-unit picnic-site, water system. Oliver and Vaseux camp-sites: Water system. Shuswap Region Monck Park: Three miles of access road. Adams Lake: Boat-launching site and parking-lot. Shuswap Lake: Supervisor's residence. Cariboo Region Skihist: Sixty-nine-unit camp-site and twelve-unit picnic-site. Gold Pan: Fourteen-unit camp-site. Lac la Hache: Boat-launching site, picnic-site, reconstruction and expansion of camp-site to eighty-four units. Bear Lake Region Continuation of camp and picnic site at Bear Lake Park. Lakelse Lake Region Oliver Lake: Fifteen-unit picnic-site. Lakelse Lake: Continuation of general project and expansion to fifty-eight camp-sites and eighty-nine-unit picnic-site. Wasa Region Jimsmith Lake: Completion of works, expansion to thirty-one camp-sites. Thunderhill: Thirty-two-unit camp-site. Wasa Lake: Water system, workshop. Dry Gulch: Expansion to thirty-unit camp-site. O 36 BRITISH COLUMBIA Kokanee Region King George VI: Picnic shelter. Kokanee Creek: Water system. Langford Workshop Furniture produced: 791 picnic tables, 664 directional signs, 428 fireplaces, 287 number posts, and all other items required by parks. Mapping Programme Carried on in Rebecca Spit, Stamp Falls Park, Davis Lake, Newcastle Island, and Mount Seymour Park. Present Inventory of Parks Branch Facilities Camp-sites, 2,797; picnic-sites, 1,750; pit toilets, 931; fireplaces, 3,009; water systems, 37; garbage-cans, 3,479; carved signs, 2,265. The maintenance of the above facilities in the park system was carried out by a peak staff of 150 men during the high-use period. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 37 DISTRIBUTION OF CAMPERS BY REGION \ W—WMT- BRITISH OTHERS COLUMBIANS , N.WT. ALBERTA SCALE CAMPER DAYS et 100 000 USA. 1OKANAGAN MANNING O 38 BRITISH COLUMBIA a z to < 4,200 4,000 3,800 3,600 3,400 3200 3000 2800 2800 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 1948 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 ANNUAL ATTENDANCE PROVINCIAL PARKS BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU British Columbia Government Travel Bureau personnel assisting visitors at the Bureau's permanent reception centre at Douglas, B.C. The Honourable Earle C. Westwood, Minister of Recreation and Conservation, addressing delegates to the British Columbia Tourist Advisory Council annual meeting at Qua'.i.um, B.C., October 21st and 22nd, 1960. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 41 BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU Ernest Evans, Director The visitor industry of the Province came through the first year of the new decade in a strong position despite the temporary effects of several counteracting influences. While the Dominion Bureau of Statistics 1960 border-crossing figures are not available as of date of this report, there would appear to be a slight decrease in the number of foreign entries. This was partially compensated by an estimated increase in visitors from the other Canadian Provinces, the result being a negligible drop in the total revenue value estimated for the year. Although accurate statistical comparisons with the previous year will not be possible until October, 1961, due to the revision in October, 1959, of the vehicle permit system operated by border customs offices, it is estimated that foreign entries declined 7.5 per cent to approximately 1,500,000 persons, visitors from other Provinces increased 10 per cent to approximately 550,000, and value of tourist earnings dropped 5.28 per cent to approximately $100,400,000. International competition for the United States and Canadian traveller continues to draw off some of the potential for this Province, particularly in the higher- income category. The flood of foreign advertising throughout our marketing area is producing increased competition for Provincial promotions. However, the cost of overseas travel and the once-in-a-lifetime character of such holidays tend to prevent them from posing a permanent threat to our visitor industry. British Columbia appeals mainly to the middle-income family group, and additional competition for this class of tourist arose during the past year in the " Visit U.S.A. 1960 " campaign of the United States Government. Tourist spending in the Province was undoubtedly influenced by an economic recession, and it is believed visitor length of stay was affected by the distraction of the United States Presidential campaign. Anticipating the possible effect of the above-mentioned factors, the Travel Bureau broadened its promotional activity at the beginning of 1960 by scheduling earlier runs for co-operative advertising in American publications and by initiating joint advertisements with Western Canadian Provinces in Canadian publications. Success of this policy was reflected in a substantial increase in tourist inquiries and the 10-per-cent gain in visitors from other Canadian Provinces. ATTRACTIONS In view of the strong competition mentioned above, the importance of adding to the number and quality of tourist attractions in the Province can scarcely be overestimated. This point has been frequently stressed by the Travel Bureau, and it is gratifying to report favourable reaction in the continuing improvement of such major events as the Vancouver International Festival, Kelowna Regatta, Penticton Peach Festival, Williams Lake Stampede, and Pacific National Exhibition, in the planning of an elaborate winter carnival at Vernon, and in the action taken by the British Columbia Tourist Advisory Council to expand development of historic sites and special events. The Bureau again published a calendar of events in two editions for widespread distribution. O 42 BRITISH COLUMBIA ACCOMMODATION Additional new construction, particularly in the category of urban drive-in motels, and a continually rising standard of service are the principal trends to be noted in the development of British Columbia's tourist accommodation facilities during 1960. As of December 15th, the Travel Bureau had recorded 124 new registrations, as against forty-four establishments which closed for various reasons. Change of ownership remained around 10 per cent. Major regions of the Province were covered by the Bureau's voluntary star- rating inspections, and it is encouraging to note that, of 2,044 tourist establishments comprising some 29,008 rental units, 41.4 per cent of those graded are now four stars and 26.9 per cent are three stars. The Bureau's field representatives have assisted this trend toward higher standards in the accommodation industry through the valuable guidance and consultation service which they provide. INDUSTRY EDUCATION The programme of organized industry education, inaugurated in 1959 with the appointment of Mr. George Seldon as Tourist Services Counsellor under the Department of Education, moved into its first year of operation with a series of management clinics. The Director participated as lecturer on the subject of " Hospitality to the Tourist." The Bureau is an active member of the Advisory Committee, comprising representatives of the British Columbia Restaurant Association, British Columbia Hotel Association, Hotel Operators and Innkeepers' Society, Auto Courts and Resorts Association, Hotel and Restaurant Employees' Union, and other interested groups, and, as such, contributes on a continuing basis to the " plant improvement " work, so vital to the development of the Province's tourist services and facilities. TRANSPORTATION Definite moves toward a closer co-operation between tourist-development groups and the major transportation companies took place during the year. The Director met with representatives of principal carrier lines, at which time groundwork was laid for co-ordination of advertising programmes, and a subsequent recommendation of the British Columbia Tourist Advisory Council initiated a study of the means of developing comprehensive package travel plans. It is expected a continuation of the splendid work of the transportation companies in promoting tourism will set a good example and aid materially in the working-out of these plans. TOURIST COUNCIL The annual meeting of the British Columbia Tourist Council was held at Qualicum, September 22nd and 23rd, under the auspices of the Bureau, with Mr. Jack K. Melville, president, in the chair. This meeting established the group on a new footing by adopting a constitution and changing the name to British Columbia Tourist Advisory Council, thereby disassociating the organization from the limited thir- teen-member Tourist Council formerly appointed by the Minister under Statute, while retaining the Minister as ex officio honorary president and the Director of the Bureau as an honorary director and member of all committees. Representatives of all major tourist service industries and associations engaged in panel and open discus- DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 43 sion, resulting in nineteen recommendations aimed at furthering the development of the Provincial visitor industry. ADVERTISING The Travel Bureau again concentrated its heaviest advertising expenditure in the Western United States, the area from which comes the largest proportion of visitors to the Province, using such established magazines as Sunset, Motorland, and Westways. National coverage was obtained through joint advertising with Washington and Oregon in Holiday magazine and by the use of a special section in Coronet magazine. Joint advertising to reach the Eastern Canadian market was also used, with the co-operation of Alberta and Saskatchewan, in Maclean's magazine. In addition to the customary programme of highway bulletins and spot radio and newspaper advertising in Washington, Oregon, and the Canadian Prairies, the Bureau this year supported with half-page advertisements a series of co-operative British Columbia pages in six editions of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Other Provincial advertisers in the tourist field were invited to capitalize on the impact of this concentrated promotion. It is expected this type of advertising will be repeated and expanded in the future. PUBLICITY In conjunction with the advertising schedule, special articles were written and promotional material supplied to magazines, newspapers, radio and television stations by the Bureau's Public Relations Officer, who also continued assistance to a growing list of free-lance writers and travel editors whose British Columbia stories obtain a great deal of valuable publicity for the Province. Among the publications supplied with publicity material were Canadian Homes, Toronto Star, Know Canada, Westways, Sunset, Motorland, Pacific Travel News, True Magazine, Better Homes and Gardens, Hearst Syndicate, and many other specialized outlets. SPECIAL PROMOTIONS The Bureau's activities in the field of familiarization tours for visiting travel editors and travel counsellors were considerably increased during the past year. Bureau personnel conducted three tours for travel counsellors from New York, Spokane, and Seattle and a special trip for the 1960 winner of the national travel writing contest jointly sponsored by the Bureau and the magazine Press Journal (formerly Canadian Journalist and Press Photographer). The Bureau also assisted in the educational hospitality accorded sixty-one tour guests of the Washington State Automobile Club, some 100 guests attending the inaugural run of the British Columbia Toll Authority ferry, and Pacific Northwest Travel Association editors from Texas, Ohio, and Utah. INQUIRIES Effectiveness of the Bureau's advertising campaign was clearly shown by the total of over 60,000 mail inquiries received, an increase of 33 per cent over the 45,000 last year. LITERATURE The Bureau maintained a distribution of over a million pieces of literature during 1960, comprising sixteen separate publications devoted to different aspects of the over-all British Columbia picture. Some of these folders, booklets, and brochures were reprints and revisions of established publications, while others were new formats, such as 100 Vacation Ideas, Between Alaska-Yukon and U.S. Points, O 44 BRITISH COLUMBIA and a new map showing increased ferry services between the Mainland and Vancouver Island. The Bureau also assisted in the distribution of back issues and sale of current issues of the Departmental publication Beautiful British Columbia. TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRES Reception centres were in operation at White Rock, Flood, and Cranbrook during the summer months, the latter two being mobile. Reports indicated a total of 22,000 cars stopped at these three centres, and information service given by the staffs is estimated to have resulted in increasing the planned British Columbia travel mileage of these visitors by some 500,000 miles. Visitors registered from eight of Canada's ten Provinces, forty-eight of the fifty United States, Great Britain, Northwest Territories, Switzerland, Yukon, and Germany. In addition to the above reception centres, a temporary information service was conducted in Banff on a test basis, and a Bureau representative assisted the Dawson Creek Chamber of Commerce information office in handling United States visitors returning from Alaska with a view to encouraging use of the British Columbia return route. FIELD WORK In the early part of the year, field promotions by the travel trade representative maintained in the United States jointly by the British Columbia Travel Bureau and the Alberta Travel Bureau ranged through twenty-three States. In May, however, anticipating that the Canadian Government Travel Bureau will establish an office in San Francisco, this joint representation was discontinued, and Mr. Arthur Peers returned to the Victoria office. During the year the Bureau arranged or assisted in British Columbia representation at sport shows in San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, Chicago, Kansas City, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, and Richmond. Six of these were in association with the Pacific Northwest Travel Association. The Bureau also sent a representative to the Chicago Trade Fair in co-operation with the Department of Industrial Development, Trade, and Commerce. SURVEYS A limited amount of information is obtained by the Travel Bureau from continuous surveys conducted by its reception centre personnel and star-rating inspectors in the course of their regular duties. However, this in no way fills the great need which seems to exist throughout the tourist industry for accurate statistical data on which to base promotional expenditures. During the past year the Bureau made checks on the progress of the tourist industry within the Province through questionnaires mailed to Chambers of Commerce. LIAISON As in former years, the Bureau sent representation to the Canadian Tourist Association annual meeting in Toronto and the Federal-Provincial Tourist Conference in Ottawa. It maintained close liaison within the Province with the Greater Vancouver Tourist Association, the Victoria and Island Publicity Bureau, the Auto Courts and Resorts Association, the British Columbia Hotel Association, and the Hotel Operators and Innkeepers' Society. Active support was given the Pacific Northwest Travel Association and the Okanagan-Cariboo Trail Association, and the Bureau continued to encourage development of regional tourist associations. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 45 The Bureau had representation at two meetings of the new Pacific Trails Association, where preliminary discussion with representatives of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and the Yukon took place on the proposed promotion of a scenic highway along the Pacific route. The Director undertook field trips through the Province and into Alberta, Washington, and Oregon in order to maintain the close contact and co-operation regularly enjoyed with Chambers of Commerce and travel trade organizations in these areas. A staff member joined the 200-car Caravan 97 on the British Columbia portion of its tour from California to Alaska. The Bureau acknowledges the co-operation of the Directors and staffs of the Alberta and Saskatchewan Travel Bureaux, officers and staff of the Canadian Government Travel Bureau, the officers of the Canadian Tourist Association, the directors and members of the British Columbia Tourist Advisory Council, and the officers and personnel of Chambers of Commerce, Boards of Trade, and travel bureaux throughout the Province. Representatives of the travel departments of the four Western Provinces met in Vancouver in February in a continuation of annual discussions designed to promote tourist traffic to and maintain high standards of service in Western Canada generally. SETTLEMENT In line with the increase in specific tourist inquiries, settlement inquiries also increased this year, reflecting the growing interest in British Columbia throughout the United States and abroad. The Bureau does not solicit immigration, but provides inquirers with general information and directs them for special information to the Department of Citizenship and Immigration, the National Employment Service, and the Provincial Departments of Lands and Agriculture, whose assistance is hereby gratefully acknowledged. O 46 BRITISH COLUMBIA TOURIST REVENUE 1960 ESTIMATE L°DGIN6 22o/o *22p88>00° STOREs 20% 19% J!Ali-_M_lNT~T% $ 18.000,000 22.000,000 -$60,400,000 $ 100,400 000 Total AUTHORITY AAA. SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 47 VISITOR STOPS AT INFORMATION CENTRES WITH ESTIMATED CAR MILEAGE INCREASE INDUCED BY SERVICE 1959-1960 (To Sept.10th) WHITE ROCK CRANBROOK CARS 000' s 10 — 9 — 8 — 7 6 — 5 — 4— 3 2— 1 — FLOOD Located at Huntington in 1959 MILEAGE 10,000's V////A EEBZ '59 '60 '59 '60 59 '60 '59 '60 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 - 5 '59 '60 '59 '60 O 48 BRITISH COLUMBIA ENQUIRIES AT VICTORIA OFFICE 1959 -1960 (To Nov. 30^) COUNTER VISITORS 20- GENERAL MAIL 40— c/l 30" Q Z < u. 20- o I •" 10- '59 '60 YEARS AD. COUPONS '59 -40 —30 D z -20 5 3 o I —10 1- —o '60 PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH Wasa Lake, B.C., a photographer's paradise. ■■■ ■ ... ■ ■■. wm% / :' nrl 0 p- ■••■-.■ - p ! KV.J& . <*» •« «.•%;■•■ •■■»•_( The British Columbia Legislature, 1960. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 51 PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH R. L. Colby, Chief Comprehensive coverage of the January Legislature opening was the start of an active year. Official opening of the new Prince George hospital was covered for Hospital Insurance Department; photographs were taken for Government News; and extensive colour work was done for the magazine Beautiful British Columbia. In February the French Ambassador and Minister of Industrial Development, Trade, and Commerce were photographed. Assignments for progress shots were completed for Travel Bureau and Civil Defence, together with another of Chief Mungo Martin completing a new totem-pole for the Provincial Museum. Seasonal colour photos were taken for future issues of Beautiful British Columbia magazine. Assignments in March included 35-mm. colour slides of handicrafts for our own Department, progress shots of Bamberton Park construction, Victoria Law Courts shots for Public Works, photographs for Highways Soil Testing Laboratory, and a series on shipping books and other activities for Public Library Commission. A presentation to Mr. George Warren, retiring Commissioner of Victoria and Island Publicity Bureau, was covered for the Travel Bureau. Sea trials and acceptance cruises of M.V. " Sidney " and M.V. " Tsawwassen " were recorded in colour and in black and white, as were the Legislature and Speaker's procession. The photograph of the Legislature won the top award for the best colour print at the professional photographers' annual salon held in April. Colour photographs of bulb-growing in Saanich were taken in April. The kitchen and dining-room of M.V. " Sidney " were photographed for Toll Ferry Authority publicity purposes. A colour picture story of New Westminster was taken for Beautiful British Columbia. Branch work during May included colour picture stories of trout-hatchery operations for the Fish and Game Branch, rock-hounding at Okanagan Falls, Indian artifacts in colour for the Provincial Museum, flowering dogwood for Beautiful British Columbia, and coverage of the visit of the Governor-General of Canada to Victoria. A field trip was made into East and West Kootenays to obtain new black- and-white and coloured material. Field trips were made in June to Port Alberni, Alberni, Long Beach, and on Highway No. 16 for coloured-picture purposes. Progress shots of Victoria Courthouse and the new Parliament Buildings fountain were taken for Public Works. Indian relics were photographed in black and white for the Provincial Anthropologist. A story of the Provincial Museum was prepared, inaugural runs of the British Columbia ferries were covered, and picture and text stories on rock-hounds and Thanksgiving were completed for Beautiful British Columbia. Interprovincial convention of Ministers and Deputy Ministers of Agriculture was covered in July. To replenish Branch black-and-white files and to obtain colour material for Beautiful British Columbia, the following areas were visited: West Kootenay from Kingsgate to Nelson-Kaslo, Okanagan Lake Camp-site, Salt- spring Island, Williams Lake, Lillooet, Kamloops, Shuswap Lake, and Revelstoke. Official opening of Second Narrows Bridge was recorded in August. Other assignments consisted of photographing the Cabinet, Port Hardy-bound group for Lands and Forests, and Government House. Otherwise, and for office file replenishment, Branch photographers made field trips to Bowron Lakes, Barkerville, Fernie area, and the Alaska Highway from Dawson Creek to Yukon border. O 52 BRITISH COLUMBIA A Deputy Ministers' farewell dinner for His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor was among September assignments. Photographs of a retirement presentation ceremony for Department of Highways were taken, also for a Tourist Council meeting at Qualicum, Indian artifacts for Provincial Museum, Caravan 97 travelling from Osoyoos to Dawson Creek, at which last-named point both ground and aerial harvest scenes were recorded. In addition to assignments for fifteen other departments, the Branch completed photographic projects for the Deputy Minister of Finance, and produced a series of slides for the Department of Highways during October. Interior of M.V. " Sidney " was photographed. Presentation ceremony made to former Labour Minister Lyle Wicks was recorded. Certificate presentation ceremony to Civil Servants with twenty-five years' service by the Premier, Civil Defence group at headquarters, and a plaque for Public Works were among November assignments. Coverage of the Fish and Game Branch checking-station at Cache Creek was also obtained. In addition to considerable work completed for several departments, specific photographic requests were met and completed for the Parks Branch and Department of Commercial Transport in December. MOTION PICTURES " Land of the Red Goat," officially released in April, has proved to be one of the Branch's most popular productions. It was the only Provincially produced film selected by the National Film Board for showing at the Brussels International and Folklore Week. " The Fraser Canyon," second release for the year, has likewise been a favourite with audiences both on television and at direct screenings. The film presents the story of the development of highway transportation through the Fraser Canyon from the days of the gold-rush that first provided the stimulus to the modern highway of to-day. Footage was shot for six televisit subjects for release next year, mainly for showing in the United States. A short travelogue type of film of the Kootenay Lake area was taken and is presently being edited. Further footage was obtained for the big-game film, also of the construction of the Rogers Pass section of the Trans-Canada Highway. A television news item of the Fish and Game Branch checking-station at Cache Creek was taken and released. " Deas Island Tunnel," a recent Branch production, won an acceptance at the Vancouver Film Festival. The Canadian Government Travel Bureau purchased ninety prints of Branch productions for distribution through its travel film library in the United States, and an additional fifty-five prints were supplied by the Branch. Eight prints each of " Tight Lines " and " Date with B.C." were also supplied for television release through the same library. GENERAL A total of 1,205 letters was received and 759 sent out. The number of motion- picture showings increased again, both in Canada and the United States, and the recent purchases of additional prints should increase these totals still further. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 53 Private showings in Canada totalled 2,254, with audiences of close to 160,000. In the United States there were 4,200 screenings, with audiences of 220,724. There were sixty-seven television screenings in Canada during the year, and 110 in the United States. The film " Land of the Red Goat " was televised coast to coast on the C.B.C. network in October. During the year sixty-seven shows were screened in the Branch theatre. PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH CHARTS ON FILM SHOWINGS DIRECT SCREENINGS 4000 3000 2000 1000 s~^ —*- 1957 1958 1959 1960 TELEVISION SHOWS 120 100 80 ** 60 40 20 1957 1958 1959 UNITED STATES CANADA 1960 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH Coho caught by commercial troller. Mending fishing-nets. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 57 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH A. A. Bagattin, Supervisor The estimated canned-salmon pack for British Columbia in 1960 amounted to 632,089 cases. This was the smallest pack since 1931. In that year 685,104 cases of salmon were canned. It should be mentioned that the low pack in 1931 was due entirely to lack of demand and was not due to any lack of salmon. The small pack in 1960 was due to shortage of fish. While this cyclical year has always been low in production, the unusual drop can be attributed in part to unsatisfactory spawning results and probably low ocean survival, causing a shortage of pink, chum, coho, and spring salmon. It was anticipated 1960 would be an off-year for the salmon-fishery. However, as the salmon runs were far below expectations, the Federal Department of Fisheries put into effect the most stringent and restrictive fishing closures on record to ensure an adequate number of salmon would reach the various spawning-grounds. Preliminary figures now indicate that the canned-salmon pack for 1960 comprised the following species (48-pound cases): Sockeyes, 226,905; springs, 5,913; steelheads, 500; cohoes, including bluebacks, 92,447; pinks, 219,624; and chums, 86,800. BRITISH COLUMBIA CANNING INDUSTRY, 1960 The Branch licensed twenty-four salmon-canneries to operate in the Province, the same as were licensed in the previous year. The locations of the operating salmon-canneries were as follows: Queen Charlotte Islands, 1; Skeena River, 7; Central Area, 1; Vancouver Island, 2; Fraser River and the Lower Mainland, 12. Two new canneries were granted licences to operate—one in Victoria and one in Vancouver. Sockeye Salmon It was predicted the 1960 Skeena River sockeye run would be small, and, with necessary closures for conservation purposes, only 185,000 sockeye were caught by the fishermen. The Fraser River sockeye-salmon fishery, regulated by an International Commission under treaty between Canada and the United States, yielded an estimated 226,905 cases, 29,934 cases less than the previous year and 93,188 cases less than the cycle-year of 1956. Seventy-five per cent of this catch was of fish spawned in the Chilko River. Pink Salmon The pink-salmon run to the Skeena area in 1960 was the poorest on record. The total run was not equal to the escapement alone in the poorest year, 1958. In most areas of British Columbia and South-eastern Alaska the return of pinks was also poor. Therefore, as a conservation measure, fishing for this species was also drastically curtailed. The pink-salmon pack in 1960 was estimated at 219,624 cases, the lowest pack for this species since 1940, when 213,904 cases were packed. Coho Salmon Preliminary figures for the coho-pack for 1960 show 92,447 cases, including 23,456 cases of bluebacks. o 58 british columbia Chum Salmon The 1960 pack of chum salmon, estimated to be 86,800 cases, was the smallest pack of chums reported since 1952, when 96,005 cases were canned. The reduction in the chum-salmon pack in 1952 was partly due to interruptions in fishing caused by strike action and particularly due to the large quantities of chums which were exported to the United States for canning. Spring Salmon In 1960 the spring-salmon pack amounted to 5,913 cases. This was the smallest pack for this species since 1952, when 9,279 cases were packed. There are included, in this report, tables showing the total canned-salmon packs for British Columbia from 1955 to 1959, inclusive. TUNA The first commercial catch of tuna off the west coast of Vancouver Island was made in 1940. Since that time, tuna have proven to be rather variable in abundance in Canadian waters. For the first time, British Columbia fishermen equipped several vessels with seine-nets for the purpose of fishing tuna in the high seas. Tuna were located off the coast of Oregon and California. The results of their first attempt at this method of fishing for tuna, using improvised gear and vessels which had not been built for that specific purpose, was encouraging. DOGFISH-CONTROL Under the dogfish subsidy programme, the Federal Government has increased the rate of 10 cents a pound, paid during the past season, to 12 cents a pound for 1960. The subsidy paid out of the total of $250,000 appropriated for the 1959 season amounted to $135,914. The amount of $200,000 was appropriated by the Federal authority for the purpose of again subsidizing the fishermen as a conservation measure in 1960. HALIBUT The International Pacific Halibut Commission was set up under treaty between Canada and the United States for the protection and rehabilitation of the halibut- fishery. For the purpose of regulation, the Pacific Coast is divided into a number of areas. The 1960 regulatory areas do not differ from those of 1959. They are as follows:— Area 1a—South of Heceta Head, Ore., U.S.A. Area 1b—Between Heceta Head and Willapa Bay, Wash., U.S.A. Area 2—Between Willapa Bay and Cape Spencer, Alaska. Area 3a—Between Cape Spencer and Kupreanof Point, near Shumagin Islands. Area 3b—All waters west of Area 3a, including the Bering Sea. The principal areas from a standpoint of production are Areas 2 and 3. The catch-limits set by the Commission for the 1960 season were 26,500,000 pounds in Area 2 and 30,000,000 pounds in Area 3. The main halibut season for British Columbia fishermen opened May 1st. Halibut-landings for 1960 are not available for inclusion in this report. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 59 HERRING The drastic decline in world market prices for herring oil and meal made the operation of the herring-fishery unprofitable for the operators and resulted in suspension of operations in December, 1959. No fishing was undertaken until November 20th, 1960, when a new agreement on price was reached between operators and fishermen. No figures are available for the herring-fishery at this time. RED TIDE The results of the continued laboratory tests from clams revealed a long-range trend to lower toxicities. Certain areas, which have been closed to all clam-digging since October 29th, 1957, were reopened on October 27th, 1960. OYSTER BREEDING Weather conditions during July and early August caused suitable water- temperature levels for oyster breeding in 1960, particularly in Pendrell Sound. The first spawning of magnitude occurred in this area about July 10th, when the surface water temperature was 68° F. A spatfall was forecast for the last week of July. The numbers of larva, indicated this would not be a particularly heavy set, although it reached a maximum of 100 spat per shell. On July 29th, with surface water temperatures about 74° F., an excellent spawning occurred and a heavy spatfall was forecast for mid-August. The first spatting occurred on August 17th, and shells removed on that date at Station 2 held an average of 30 spat per shell, with the main set yet to come. However, on August 19th, from a level of 67° F., average daily water temperatures fell to 66°, 64°, and 62° on succeeding days. As a consequence of this rather drastic and rapid temperature change, the set was not as heavy as it would have been under other circumstances, and the final result on test strings was only 33 spat per shell, an adequate commercial set. About 35,000 shell strings imported from Japan were exposed for this set. In spite of good water temperature conditions, there was little breeding activity in Ladysmith Harbour and only very light non-commercial setting occurred, and no cultch was exposed. LICENCES ISSUED AND REVENUE COLLECTED The following table shows the number of licences issued and revenue collected as of December 15th, 1960:— Number of Licences Licences Salmon-cannery 23 Herring-cannery 1 Herring reduction 8 Tierced salmon 5 Fish cold storage 18 Fish-processing 20 Shell-fish cannery 8 Tuna-fish cannery 2 Fish-offal reduction 7 Fish-liver reduction 3 Fish-buyers' 425 Non-tidal fishing 170 Revenue $4,600.00 100.00 800.00 500.00 1,800.00 20.00 8.00 2.00 7.00 3.00 10,625.00 171.50 $18,636.50 O 60 BRITISH COLUMBIA REVIEW OF THE FISHERIES PRODUCTION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1959 The total marketed value of the fisheries of British Columbia for 1959 amounted to $66,377,000, a decrease from the year previous of $31,847,000, or approximately 33 per cent less than the record total value of $98,224,000 reported in 1958. The principal species, as marketed, were salmon, with a value of $45,140,000; herring, with a value of $8,843,000; and halibut, with a marketed value of $6,236,000. The value of the salmon production in 1959 was $30,660,000 less than in 1958. The value of the herring production showed a slight decrease of $157,000 from the previous year. The value of the 1959 halibut-catch was decreased by $454,000. In 1959 the marketed value of shell-fish amounted to $2,160,000. The value of the clam production was $310,000; oyster production, $471,000; crab production, $1,085,000; shrimps and prawns landed were valued at $294,000. Vessels and Boats The number and value of boats used in catching and landing fish in British Columbia for 1959 included 1,015 boats in the 10-ton and over class and 7,436 boats in the under 10-ton group, which totalled 8,451 boats, valued at $46,853,000. Gear and Equipment The 1959 inventory of fishing-gear, such as 7,436 gill-nets, 516 salmon seine- nets, and 106 herring purse-seine nets, was valued at $4,759,000. Wire, cotton, and nylon trolling-lines were valued at $446,000. Number of Fishermen Licensed A total of 14,463 fishermen were licensed in British Columbia in 1959, compared with 14,266 licensed in 1958. The number of men employed on fish packers and collector boats totalled 993. REVIEW OF BRITISH COLUMBIA'S SALMON-CANNING INDUSTRY, 1959 This Branch licensed twenty-four salmon-canneries to operate in 1959. This was four more than operated during the previous year. The operating canneries in 1959 were located as follows: Queen Charlotte Islands, 1; Skeena River, 6; Central Area, 2; Vancouver Island, 2; Fraser River and Lower Mainland, 13. The total canned-salmon pack for British Columbia, according to the annual returns submitted to this Branch by canners licensed to operate in 1959, amounted to 1,095,822 cases, compared with 1,900,174^ cases packed in 1958. This was 304,201 cases below the average annual pack for the previous five-year period. The decrease in the canned-salmon pack in 1959 was due mainly to the tie-up in the middle of the fishing season, from July 25th to August 9th. During that time the fishermen and shore-workers were on strike, which sharply reduced the salmon- pack. Also, poor escapement to certain spawning-grounds required stringent regulatory measures in the interests of conservation. In the year under review the canned-salmon pack was composed of 256,389 cases of sockeyes, 15,174 cases of springs, 870 cases of steelheads, 225,212V_. cases of cohoes, 458,756 cases of pinks, and 138,880V_; cases of chums. department of recreation and conservation o 61 Sockeye Salmon The sockeye-pack in 1959 amounted to 256,389 cases, compared with 1,074,303 cases in 1958, which in that year included the very large Adams River sockeye-pack. The lowest pack for this species since 1943 was 228,452 cases, in 1957. Coho Salmon In 1959 the coho-pack amounted to 225,212^ cases, compared with 131,- 528 V^ cases packed in 1958. The 1959 coho-pack was 32,019 cases above the average five-year pack. Included with the 1959 pack were 12,107 cases canned from the 1958 frozen stock. Pink Salmon The pink-salmon pack in 1959 amounted to 458,756 cases, compared with 451,802 in 1958. Comparatively, the cycle in 1957 produced a pack of 752,454 cases, while in 1955 the pack was 831,255 cases. The principal producing areas for pink salmon in 1959 were the Fraser River and the Vancouver Island and adjacent Mainland areas. Chum Salmon The 1959 chum-pack amounted to 138,880Vi cases. This was 91,751 cases below the 1958 pack, when 230,631 cases were packed, and 50,548 cases below the average annual pack for the previous five-year period. Large numbers of chum salmon were used in the fresh and frozen markets. Included with the 1959 chum-salmon pack are 5,736'/2 cases canned from 1958 frozen stocks. Spring Salmon The 1959 spring-salmon pack amounted to 15,714 cases, compared with 10,705Vi cases packed in 1958. This was the largest pack since 1955, when 17,859^ cases were packed. The pack of spring salmon is never indicative of the size of the catch or run, as a large amount is used in the fresh and frozen market. The amount of 472 Vi cases of spring salmon canned from 1958 frozen stock is included with the 1959 pack. Steelhead In 1959 the steelhead-pack amounted to 870 cases, compared with 1,024 cases in 1958. Steelhead are not salmon, but a few are canned each year, principally those caught incidentally while fishing for other species. Other Canneries Herring-canneries.—No herring were canned in British Columbia in 1959. Pilchard-canneries.—There has been no run of pilchards off the west coast of Vancouver Island since 1949. Tuna-fish Canneries.—Three tuna-fish canneries were licensed to operate in 1959, and produced 33,523 cases of 48/4-ounce, 3,324 cases of 24/7-ounce, 84,337 cases of 48/7-ounce, and 25,975 cases of 48/6-ounce. Shell-fish Canneries.—In 1959 ten shell-fish canneries were licensed to operate in British Columbia and produced a pack as follows:— Clams: 9,349 cases of 24/^'s, 29,758 cases of 24/1's, 1,160 cases of 48/1's, 6,088 cases of 48/1 Ws, and 3,446 cases of 6/10-gallon. Crabs: 9,813 cases of 24/Ws and 52,786 cases of 24/1/2's. Oysters: 12,701 cases of 24/V/4's and 350 cases of 24/10-ounce and 8,220 cases of 24/10-ounce oyster stew. L o 62 british columbia Mild-cured Salmon Six plants were licensed to mild-cure salmon in 1959, and produced a pack of 604 tierces, containing 4,982 hundredweight. This operation is comparable with the production of seven plants licensed to operate in 1958, which produced a pack of 550 tierces, containing 4,380 hundredweight. Halibut The 1959 catch quotas set by the International Pacific Halibut Commission for the different areas were as follows: Area 2, 26,500,000 pounds, and Area 3, 30,000,000 pounds. Halibut-landings in 1959 (1958 in parentheses) by the combined Canadian and United States vessels amounted to 71,715,000 (65,213,000) pounds, exceeding the previous all-time high total of 71,265,000 pounds in 1954. Average price paid for Canadian landings in Canadian ports was 18.5 cents per pound. This was down 2.2 cents per pound from 1958. The Canadian vessels landed 136,000 pounds of halibut livers and viscera, with a combined total value of $26,000. United States vessels landed 68,411 pounds of halibut-livers, valued at $15,399, and also 16,782 pounds of halibut-viscera, to a value of $1,342. The figures relating to the halibut-catch are to the nearest thousand pounds. The statistical information was supplied by the International Halibut Commission and is hereby gratefully acknowledged. Fish Oil and Meal Herring Reduction.—The herring-fishermen were on strike all summer and up to October 9th, 1959. When fishing was resumed, herring-landings for the year were the second highest on record, but a decline in unit production prices resulted in slightly lower returns than the previous year. In 1959 ten herring plants were licensed to operate. The herring-reduction plant located at Shingle Bay, North Pender Island, was destroyed by fire. Nine plants operated and produced 32,559 tons of meal and 4,249,801 gallons of oil. This production is compared with the previous year when nine plants produced 42,357 tons of meal and 4,545,474 gallons of oil. Fish-liver Reduction.—Three plants licensed to operate in 1959 processed 1,679,407 pounds of fish-livers and produced 3,474,267 million U.S.P. units of Vitamin A. In 1958 four plants processed 636,938 pounds of fish-livers and produced 1,821,944 million U.S.P. units of Vitamin A. Miscellaneous Reduction—Fish-offal and Dogfish.—During the 1959 season, nine plants were licensed to operate, and produced 1,140 tons of meal and 110,977 gallons of oil. This production is compared with 1958, in which year nine plants produced 2,318 tons of meal and 272,223 gallons of oil. Whale Reduction.—In British Columbia there is only one shore-based whaling- station. During 1959 the operations show 869 whales killed, compared with 774 whales killed in 1958. Net-fishing in Non-tidal Waters Under section 73 of the British Columbia Fishery Regulations, fishing with nets in certain specified non-tidal waters within the Province is permissible under licence from the Minister of Recreation and Conservation. This fishery is confined almost exclusively to the residents living within reasonable distance of the lakes in question. The table gives the principal catch figures for this fishery. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 63 Catch of Fish Taken from Non-tidal Waters, 1959/60 Kind of Licence Number of Fish Taken Approximate Weight (Lb.) Fur-farm Ordinary Sturgeon 1 1 2 1 6 1 3 1 1 4 1 6 9 136 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 Cluculz Lake1 Chief Lake1 1,050 699 24 332 Christina Lake.-— 190 490 174 1,642 Nil 77 291 2 4,061 10,784 Nil 538 1,257 Nulki Lake1 - -- 120 10,371 7,719 Nil Nil Nil Nil Totals 1 1 17,410 1 22,501 1 No returns were submitted by licence-holders covering these lakes. Catch by Species Species Number of Fish Kokanee : 12,299 Lake trout 149 Whitefish 4,308 Ling Squawfish Suckers __. Sturgeon _ Pike Others 56 74 178 2 224 30 Totals 17,410 Weight (Lb.) 8,085 1,197 10,707 93 102 347 120 1,752 98 22,501 Species and Value of Fish Caught in British Columbia The total marketed value of each of the principal species taken in British Columbia for the year 1959 is as follows:— Kind of Fish Salmon Herring Halibut ______ Grey cod ___ Ling-cod ____ Black cod _ Red cod Clams Crabs Value $45,140,000 8,843,000 6,236,000 630,000 510,000 147,000 57,000 310,000 1,085,000 . O 64 BRITISH COLUMBIA Kind of Fish Eulachon _.. Flounders _. Oysters Perch Smelts Shrimps and prawns Skate Soles Sturgeon Livers and viscera ___ Miscellaneous1 1 Value $36,000 8,000 471,000 52,000 18,000 291,000 6,000 552,000 11,000 271,000 ,703,000 Total $66,377,000 1 Includes whales, mink-feed, and fish products, meal and oil, for which no breakdown into species was available. Source: Canadian Department of Fisheries, Vancouver, B.C. Statement Showing the Quantity of Herring Products Produced in British Columbia, 1954 to 1960, Inclusive Season Canned Dry-salted Meal Oil 1954/55.. 1955/56.. 1956/57- 1957/58.. 1958/59.. 1959/60.. Cases 25,508 11,728 18,349 10,351 Tons 2,397 249 290 2,645 Tons 28,782 47,097 32,772 13,643 43,527 32,559 Gal. 3,714,924 4,475,536 3,602,937 1,746,227 4,545,474 4,249,801 The above figures are for the season October to March 31st, annually. Statement Showing the Quantity of Meal, Oil, and Vitamin A Produced from Sources Other than Herring, 1954 to 1960, Inclusive Season From Whales Whalebone and Meal Oil Oil from Fish-livers From Other Sources Meal and Fertilizer Oil 1954/55.... 1955/56— 1956/57— 1957/58— 1958/59— 1959/60— Tons 2,502 3,411 2,182 3,446 4,226 4,058 Gal. 872,060 759,785 526,584 952,702 908,482 940,455 Units1 4,310,057 4,760,668 2,355,410 3,292,552 1,821,994 3,474,267 Tons 2,361 1,993 1,925 1,570 2,318 1,140 Gal. 265,405 201,690 187,787 170,433 272,223 110,977 1 Million U.S.P. units of Vitamin A. DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION O 65 Statement Showing the Salmon-pack of British Columbia, 1955 to 1959, Inclusive (Showing the Origin of Salmon Caught in Each District) (48-pound cases.) Sockeyes Area 1959 1958 1957 1 1956 1955 1 136,583 20,118I/2 36,592 10,539 14,8251/2 17,810 19,541 162 606,669V_ 188,0981/2 98,6731/2 17,3631/2 51,884% 58,303 52,7981/2 512 121,965!/2 26,030 26,3341/2 5,952 10,5521/2 25,428 10,110 2,079!/2 88,132V_ 13,970 124,6341/2 36,898 17,967 14,663 22,505 1,323 103,67814 Vancouver Island and adjacent Mainland 13,192V_ 50,7021/2 Smith Inlet 28,864 19,648 14,649 13,654V- 433 Cold storage _ Totals 218 256,389 | 1,074,303 1 228,452 320,093 244,8213/i Springs 4,586i/2 6,706 457 295 1,633 611 9461/2 6V- 472V2 2,709!/2 3,564 674 63 1,421 1,526 735 13 3,126i/2 5,189 373 109 7461/2 5141/2 274 148 2,104 2,873i/2 5,9411/2 419 166 1,364V_ 371 536 1 6,8431/2 5,534 813 Vancouver Island and adjacent Mainland Smith Inlet 326 1 864 Skeena River 1,430 1,028 16 5 Totals 15,714 10,705.4 1 12,5841/2 11,6721/2 17,859!/2 Steelheads 196'/2 14OV2 311/2 1. 181V2 I2OV2 165 ?n 4293/e 74 431/2 181/2 2431/2 38314 125 337'/2 251/2 55 33V. 2731/2 312 217 269 Vancouver Island and adjacent Mainland 63 86 Smith Inlet _ 20V_ 193 252 246 795 318V_ 97614 46 41/5 175 99 Queen Charlotte Islands 5 44 V, Totals 870 1,204V_ 1,3173/. 1,254 | 1,882 1 Cohoes 4,336 149,9121/2 3,675 375V_ 28,9821/2 8,799 4,396i/2 9,420i/2 3,208 3,203 81,0381/2 3,190i/2 368 27,080 7,555i/2 4,834 4,259 4,836 113,6301/2 4,191 1,654 33,8341/2 6,026i/2 10,547Vi 18,339 12,273V_ 118,938 6,601i/2 2,249 40,299 8,265 8,165i/2 7,314i/2 8,0341/2 15,910 101,349 5,31614 1,0141/2 24 846 Vancouver Island and adjacent Mainland Skeena River 14,192 9,356 11,666 2,030 12,170 1 17,8361/2 511!/2 225,2121/2 131,5281/2 210,8951/2 212,1401/2 186,19114 O 66 BRITISH COLUMBIA Statement Showing the Salmon-pack of British Columbia, 1955 to 1959, Inclusive—Continued Pinks Area 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 32,67314 303,4161/2 3,116 461 68,101 34,43014 15,307 1,099 1 15014 61214 87,127 12,53914 2,553 158,025 60,9411/2 44,037 85,986!/2 68,96814 423,27514 3,104!4 1,005 58,957 148,04914 38,694 9,556 348 55,0521/2 12,0461/2 1,664 205,658 25,633 44,40214 18,809!4 160,18714 Vancouver Island and adjacent Mainland 421,35514 8,658 Smith Inlet 2,27514 122,37114 86,788 29,040 Queen Charlotte Islands 548 31 Cold storage. _ 844 Totals - 458,756 451,802 752,454 363,614 831,255 Chums 8,62714 61,39214 1,815 1,190 26.595 6,4001/2 25,074 2,04314 6 5,73614 9,468 88,40014 4,627 1,173 97,50314 7,80614 19,16714 2,485 5,585 44,08014 2,553 3,000 136,370 6,89814 30,961 10,091 9,989 71,59514 2,92614 1,642 58,60214 6,283 35.588 17,44314 7,35014 Vancouver Island and adjacent Mainland 40,105 5,588 Smith Inlet 2,070 45,950 5,47114 8,904 9,420 Cold storage 5,73414 3,430 Totals 138,88014 230,631 245,27314 204,070 128,289- TOTAL PACK BY SPECIES, 1959 Sockeyes.... Springs Steelheads, Cohoes Pinks Chums TotaL 256,389 15,714 870 225,212% 458,756 138,880*4 1,095,822 Note.—10,11314 cases of bluebacks included with cohoes, also 2714 cases of coho and 814 cases of chum tips and tails. Printed by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in right of the Province of British Columbia. 1961 1,260-1060-9223
- Library Home /
- Search Collections /
- Open Collections /
- Browse Collections /
- BC Sessional Papers /
- REPORT OF THE Department of Recreation and Conservation...
Open Collections
BC Sessional Papers
REPORT OF THE Department of Recreation and Conservation containing the reports of the FISH AND GAME BRANCH,… British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1961]
jpg
Page Metadata
Item Metadata
Title | REPORT OF THE Department of Recreation and Conservation containing the reports of the FISH AND GAME BRANCH, PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH, BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU, PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH, AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH Year Ended December 31st 1960 |
Alternate Title | DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1961] |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1961_V02_07_O1_O66 |
Collection |
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2018-01-08 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0362909 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
Download
- Media
- bcsessional-1.0362909.pdf
- Metadata
- JSON: bcsessional-1.0362909.json
- JSON-LD: bcsessional-1.0362909-ld.json
- RDF/XML (Pretty): bcsessional-1.0362909-rdf.xml
- RDF/JSON: bcsessional-1.0362909-rdf.json
- Turtle: bcsessional-1.0362909-turtle.txt
- N-Triples: bcsessional-1.0362909-rdf-ntriples.txt
- Original Record: bcsessional-1.0362909-source.json
- Full Text
- bcsessional-1.0362909-fulltext.txt
- Citation
- bcsessional-1.0362909.ris
Full Text
Cite
Citation Scheme:
Usage Statistics
Share
Embed
Customize your widget with the following options, then copy and paste the code below into the HTML
of your page to embed this item in your website.
<div id="ubcOpenCollectionsWidgetDisplay">
<script id="ubcOpenCollectionsWidget"
src="{[{embed.src}]}"
data-item="{[{embed.item}]}"
data-collection="{[{embed.collection}]}"
data-metadata="{[{embed.showMetadata}]}"
data-width="{[{embed.width}]}"
data-media="{[{embed.selectedMedia}]}"
async >
</script>
</div>

https://iiif.library.ubc.ca/presentation/cdm.bcsessional.1-0362909/manifest