PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL Provincial Game Commission REPORT For the Year Ended December 31st 1954 VICTORIA, B.C. Printed by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty 1955 To His Honour Clarence Wallace, C.B.E., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: The undersigned has the honour to submit the Report of the Provincial Game Commission for the year ended December 31st, 1954. R. W. BONNER, A ttorney-General. Attorney-General's Department, Victoria, B.C., July, 1955. Office of the Game Commission, Vancouver, B.C., July 1st, 1955. Honourable R. W. Bonner, Q.C., Attorney-General, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit herewith the Report for the year ended December 31st, 1954. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, FRANK R. BUTLER, Game Commissioner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Reports— Game Commission- Officer Commanding "A" Division Officer Commanding "B " Division Summary of Reports of Game Wardens in Officer Commanding " D " Division ; C " Division- Summary of Reports of Game Wardens in " E " Division Report of Fisheries Management Division—Chief Fisheries Biologist Dr, Larkin P. A. Report of Game Management Division—Chief Game Biologist Dr. J. Hatter- Report of Predator Control Branch—Supervisor of Predator Control G. A. West Page 7 11 14 16 19 23 26 46 60 Statistical Reports— Comparative Statistical Statement of Revenue, etc., 1913-54, Inclusive 63 Summary of Total Revenue Derived from Sale of Various Licences, Collections, etc., during Year 1954 , 64 Revenue—Sale of Resident Firearms Licences 65 Revenue—Sale of Deer, Moose-Elk, Goat, and Pheasant (Game) Tags 66 Revenue—Sale of Resident Anglers', Guides', Free Farmers', and Prospectors' Firearms Licences 67 Revenue—Sale of Non-resident Firearms and Outfitters' Licences 68 Revenue—Sale of Non-resident Anglers' Licences 69 Revenue—Sale of Fur-traders', Taxidermists', and Tanners' Licences and Royalty on Fur 70 Comparative Statement of Revenue from Fur Trade, 1921-54, Inclusive 71 Comparative Statement Showing Pelts of Fur-bearing Animals on Which Royalty Has Been Collected, 1921-54, Inclusive Statement of Kind of Pelts of Fur-bearing Animals on Which Royalty Was Collected during Year 1954 1 Statement of Firearms, Fishing-tackle, and Fur Confiscated during Year 1954- Bounties Paid, 1954 72 73 74 74 Comparative Statement of Bounties Paid from 1922 to 1954, Inclusive 75 76 77 79 80 Revenue—Big-game Trophy Fees Paid by Non-resident Hunters, 1954^ Prosecutions, 1954 Hunting and Fishing Accidents, 1954 Statement—Trout Liberations, 1954 Statement—Big Game, Fur-bearing Animals, and Predatory Animals Killed by Holders of Special Firearms Licences, Season 1954-55 91 Statement—Game-bird Liberations, 1954 92 Statement—Returns of Game-bird Farmers, 1954 93 List of Resident Guides and Non-resident Outfitters, 1954 93 Personnel of Game Commission as at December 31st, 1954 100 Report of the Provincial Game Commission, 1954 Revenue under the " Game Act" during the year under review was $1,107,973.85, which was some $5,000 less than in the previous record year of 1953. The slight fall-off could probably be traced to poor summer and fall weather which very likely discouraged many anglers and hunters from pursuing their sport. Fur prices were also responsible for this slight reduction in revenue, due to the fact that the prices generally for fur continued to be poor. Industrial expansion and activity, coupled with an unprecedented and steady increase in population, have continued to create wildlife problems of a very complex nature and throwing more and more pressure on wildlife and also on the personnel of this Commission. The year was notable for the suspension of bounty payments on coyotes. The coyote bounty was discontinued as and from August 1st because, after careful survey, it was found that our predator-control programme has been highly successful, which undoubtedly has been due to our planned control measures and the careful and planned use of a poison commonly known as 1080 (sodium fluoracetate). Another development worth special mention was the live trapping of twenty California bighorn sheep near Williams Lake. The expense of the trapping operations was borne by the Oregon State Game Commission. These twenty sheep were transplanted and released on a special game reserve in the State of Oregon. The transplanting has been very successful because six lambs have been born to this herd since their introduction and the sheep appear to be well established in their new surroundings. This unique experiment in conservation and co-operation between two game-management agencies is described in greater detail in the report covering " C " Game Division, which is to be found on another page. The experimental introduction of chukar partridge, carried out over a period of years, into some sections of the Interior appears to have been quite successful, and an open season in some of the areas in which these birds have been introduced would now seem to be advisable during the coming year. A very forward step in the direction of public education was taken during the year through the creation of our periodical entitled " Wildlife Review." This magazine has been well received and is much in demand. It is free on request and presents the wildlife situation in the Province in a popular and readable style. It is expected that this publication will play an important part in acquainting the general public with the aims and problems of this Commission. The Eighth Annual Provincial Game Convention, which was held in the City of Nanaimo from May 26th to 29th, inclusive, once more was a most useful and very successful meeting, giving all people interested in the welfare and management of our wildlife an opportunity to air their views and to listen to experts in the field of wildlife management and related subjects. I cannot too strongly commend the Nanaimo Fish and Game Protective Association for the excellent work undertaken in making this annual convention a most successful one. The reception and hospitality received from this host organization was, to say the least, most outstanding. Much valuable information was again collected from the operation of the Cache Creek Checking-station from September 15th to the early part of December. The location of this strategic station makes it an ideal check-point, funnelling, as it does, almost all of the traffic south-bound from the hunting districts. The station also serves as a deterrent against prospective cattle poachers, an information centre for sportsmen, and a means of obtaining important data on wildlife. This check-point continues to be one of the most important operations of the fall season. Spot game checks were also made J 8 BRITISH COLUMBIA at Flood (near Hope) in co-operation with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Department of Public Works, and the Federal Fishery Officer for the district. Game checks were also made at various other points during the year with good results. The following is a summary of results obtained at Cache Creek Checking-station:— Game and Fish Taken by Resident and Non-resident Hunters and Anglers through the Cache Creek Checking-station, 1954 Species Black bear _. Grizzly bear Caribou Big Game Mountain-goat _ Mountain-sheep Wapiti Number - 128 ._ 27 ._ 26 ._ 53 _ 19 ■- 1 Total 254 Deer and Moose Species Resident Non-resident Total Male Female Male Female 1,301 655 417 264 161 727 11 72 1,890 Moose 1,718 Totals 1,956 681 888 83 3,608 Resident Non-resident Number of Hunters Checked TotaL 10,518 1,447 11,965 Game Birds Grouse Ducks Geese _ Total- Trout 5,520 7,065 364 12,949 7,274 Detailed descriptions of the work of the Fisheries, Game, and Predator Control Divisions appear separately in this Report. All phases of fish and game management, conservation, and protection carried out during the year are covered. BIG GAME Two mild winters followed by favourable spring weather have created conditions suitable for moose and deer. There has been little spring mortality, and the success of our predator-control programme has also contributed to fairly heavy populations of moose and deer. This unfortunately, in turn, has increased overbrowsing and the consequent damage to important food balances in some areas. In view of this fact and in line with sound game management, it would seem desirable that an increased harvest should be REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 9 taken in these affected areas. This goal, however, can only be achieved or reached by any-sex seasons, which is a practice being followed by many game-management agencies in other sections of the continent. From all reports, moose and deer are more abundant to-day than they have been for many years. Range conditions are being carefully watched so that suitable measures can be taken in any section if food for wildlife is threatened. I believe that a heavy winter followed by a late spring could well cause considerable mortality in both moose and deer if hunting pressure is slackened off in areas where more controlled cropping is required. It is a distinct pleasure to record that widespread reports are being received to the effect that caribou are increasing. These animals, which had practically disappeared from much of their former range, have been little studied and little is known of their habits, and consequently there would seem to be no valid reason for the present fluctuation in their number. The cause for this fluctuation, however, is being investigated. MIGRATORY GAME BIRDS Despite the tremendous increase in hunting pressure, there has been no noticeable decline in waterfowl. A good migratory-bird population depends mainly on the weather during the breeding season and the availability of suitable breeding areas. Under these conditions and through proper regulations and harvesting, it seems that there will always be an annual crop of waterfowl which can be taken with safety. UPLAND GAME BIRDS Both blue and ruffed grouse suffered heavily from an unprecedented Province-wide wet spring and summer. Young grouse are exceptionally susceptible to dampness, and a poor crop was due in large measure to wet weather during the nesting season. The little-understood cycle should also be considered as an important factor for the low populations encountered this year. Generally the pheasant population has not increased to any great extent, due, no doubt, to many factors which have been encountered in recent years, especially since the widespread use of detrimental insecticides, a change of farming and orchard practices, and poor weather during the breeding season. ENFORCEMENT OF GAME LAWS Despite efforts to counteract violations by means of education, constant patrols, and employing other protective measures, there is still a minority of our population which break the game laws and regulations. Enforcement of these laws will always be necessary, and Game Wardens must consequently be ever on the alert and on constant patrol. I would like at this time to commend the Game Wardens for the time and effort they have expended in their work, and I may say that patrols have often been carried out under difficult and dangerous conditions. In the statistical section of this Report will be found a summary of the violations encountered and the action taken in reference thereto during the year. In speaking of our educational work, one phase of our programme is being accomplished by Game Wardens who have undertaken the formation of youth conservation clubs in their community. I have always encouraged this type of work because I firmly believe that in teaching youngsters the fundamentals of woodcraft and the safe handling of firearms that this goes far in ensuring a good citizen and a safe and enlightened sportsman. GAME-FISH CULTURE Complete reports of the fish cultural programme undertaken by the Fisheries Management Division will be found elsewhere in this Report. Great strides have been J 10 BRITISH COLUMBIA taken in fisheries management in recent years. The ever-increasing competition for water use by industry and human populations makes it imperative that our sport fish are vigorously protected. Your attention is especially directed to the work done in rectifying pollutions, in improving conditions in respect to natural and unnatural obstructions, the destruction of coarse fish, etc. A fist of trout liberations which have been made from our hatcheries is also to be found in a statement contained in the statistical section of this Report. HUNTING ACCIDENTS There were fifteen hunting accidents reported during the year, six of them being fatal. There was one drowning. This compares with a total of thirty-three accidents in 1953, and it is sincerely hoped that the trend to fewer accidents, for the most part needless and unnecessary tragedies, will continue. I realize that there is much room for educational work in this direction. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS An outstanding feature of the year was the whole-hearted spirit of co-operation that exists between this Commission and the wildlife administrations in Provinces and States along the borders of British Columbia. This co-operation has made our work more enjoyable and more efficient. Modern pressures cause conditions whereby the various agencies of government of necessity find themselves working ever more closely together. I am pleased to be able to state that our relationship with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, local police forces, all branches of the Department of Lands and Forests, the Department of Public Works, and many other government agencies has been all that could be desired. Valuable assistance has also been given in our work by the enlightened attitudes and helpful ideas offered by such organizations as sheep and cattle growers, fish and game associations, guides' and trappers' organizations, and others. Talks and moving pictures that we have been able to give to these groups, as well as to many schools throughout the Province, have been received with understanding and courtesy. Finally it is with a great deal of sorrow and regret, coupled with a feeling of personal loss, that I find it necessary to record in this Report the loss on February 8th, 1954, of Commissioner James George Cunningham. The late Commissioner joined the department in 1919 after distinguished war service in the First World War with the Canadian Army. He was appointed Commissioner in 1934 after outstanding work in various phases of conservation activities. Through the demise of Commissioner Cunningham, his boundless energy and wise counsel have been sorely missed, not only by all personnel of this Commission, but by sportsmen throughout the Province and by his many friends in the rest of Canada and the United States. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 11 "A" DIVISION (VANCOUVER ISLAND, THE GULF ISLANDS, AND THE MAINLAND COAST FROM TOBA INLET NORTH TO CAPE CAUTION, INCLUDING THE ISLANDS ADJACENT TO THE EAST COAST OF VANCOUVER ISLAND NORTH OF CAMPBELL RIVER). By G. C. Stevenson, Officer Commanding I have the honour to submit my annual report covering game and fish conditions in "A" Division for the year ended December 31st, 1954. Big Game Wapiti (Elk).—A short open season for hunting these animals was declared during the past year, but few of them were shot. It is doubtful if more than twenty-five were taken on Vancouver Island. Hunters reported seeing many signs of elk in localities where they were known to be, but thick brush and inaccessible conditions prevented a larger kill. It would appear that in suitable localities elk are fairly numerous, being limited solely by adequate range. I see little harm in a short open season on elk. Deer.—These animals continue to be the subject of much discussion on Vancouver Island. There are those who declare that the number of deer are steadily declining every year, and others who maintain that the deer population in some parts is too great for the available food-supply. It is difficult to arrive at a true picture for the whole of Vancouver Island as present records only cover certain areas such as Cowichan and Campbell River, and even these records are approximations. In many areas where deer were once plentiful, the browse has deteriorated and the animals show signs of malnutrition or have moved elsewhere. New slashings are being created as logging operations spread, and although the hunting public does not have access to all logging areas, the day will come when these new deer ranges will be available to the sportsmen. It is my opinion that a browsing area for deer in logged-off country lasts from ten to twelve years, after which it deteriorates rapidly, with the consequent effect on deer populations. Heavy concentrations of deer are never found in virgin forests and in country such as Vancouver Island; our deer population depends on suitable browsing conditions created by logging and where winter range is available. Factual information is limited to a very small area of Vancouver Island, and personal opinion amongst hunters varies so greatly that care must be exercised in accepting much of it. I would like to suggest a shorter open season on deer until such time as more complete data can be gathered with respect to these animals. Fur-bearing Animals Beaver.—This fur-bearer has benefited so well under the present regulations that it is now becoming a serious nuisance. On many parts of Vancouver Island farmers and others are compelled to seek assistance from this Department in curbing the depredation of this animal. It is encouraging to the conservationist to see the results of sound protective legislation where the beaver is concerned, and demonstrates what can be done to rebuild an almost depleted population. Marten.—Marten are numerous but the catch of these animals on Vancouver Island is not large. The market price on this type of fur is low at the present time, and consequently not many are taken. Mink and Otter.—These animals are plentiful throughout this Division. Mink have been receiving more attention from trappers as the price of this fur has been stable for some years. Muskrats.—Muskrats are becoming very numerous, especially in municipal areas and farm lands. Squirrels.—These animals are numerous in certain parts of Vancouver Island. J 12 BRITISH COLUMBIA Upland Game Birds Blue Grouse.—Though these birds are subjected to considerable hunting pressure, they continue to maintain a heavy population. Much controversy takes place as to when the season should be opened for grouse. Some suggest that an early opening date in September produces bags of undersized birds, whereas others claim that if the opening is later, the birds have commenced to leave. The opening of the grouse season on Vancouver Island is not an easy one to set. Very often fire-hazard is high in early September and there is likelihood of forest closure. If left too late in September, the birds are on the move elsewhere. Consequently a certain element of chance is involved when setting the opening of the season. Willow Grouse.—These birds are definitely on the increase and in some localities may be said to be plentiful. California Quail.—Owing to two fairly open winters on Lower Vancouver Island, these birds show a healthy increase and are now plentiful. The scarcity of quail has never been due to heavy hunting pressure in this Division as few hunters pursue quail- shooting. Everything depends on snow conditions during the winter. There are some heavy concentrations of quail on the Saanich Peninsula. Migratory Game Birds Ducks and Geese.—These birds have been plentiful, but owing to mild weather conditions they remain out of reach, and the hunter success has been poor. Black Brant.—Brant were not numerous until the close of the season, when they commenced to appear in numbers. Predator-control One hundred and ninety-two cougars and five wolves were destroyed during the past year in this Division. Twelve of the cougars were accounted for by Departmental hunters. Other predators accounted for by personnel in this Division consisted of 107 cats, 107 crows, 62 dogs, 1 eagle, 1 fox, 22 hawks, 26 racoons, and 35 ravens. Game Protection There were 100 informations laid for infractions under the "Game Act" and Fisheries Regulations, resulting in ninety-seven convictions and three dismissals. Owing to the unfortunate illness of two of our Game Wardens and the retirement of a third, enforcement could not be carried out as effectively as desired. The growing population in this Division, which has caused an increase of over 133 per cent in hunting pressure during the past twenty-five years, is a question that warrants serious attention. At the present time there are fewer Game Wardens than there were twenty-five years ago in this Division. Additional Wardens are necessary in the Nanaimo-Cowichan and Gulf Island areas. Game Propagation A number of California quail were released on Hornby and Saltspring Islands during the past year, and pheasants were liberated in the Nanaimo, Qualicum, Courtenay, Duncan, North Saanich, and Saltspring districts. Both these species have done well—the quail especially so, having benefited from two mild winters. The problem of purchase and release of farm-raised pheasants is one that is receiving considerable attention. Although management claims this form of restocking is not economical, what is the alternative? Improving present pheasant habitat is an excellent idea, but would it cost less? The latter method has been tried on some limited areas in Ontario, but could it be economically put into operation in a Province such as ours? I am of the opinion that the release of full-grown pheasants in the spring is preferable to liberating REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 13 young birds in the fall. The mortality rate of the latter during the first two weeks after release is far too heavy for successful restocking. Game Reserves There are a number of game reserves in this Division, of which Strathcona Park, Shaw Creek, and China Creek can be said to represent actual game reserves in the strict sense of the word. Others, such as Elk Falls, Elk Lake, Miracle Beach, Royal Roads, and St. Mary Lake, are more in the nature of recreational areas where the use of firearms is prohibited. Fur Trade A large volume of farm-raised mink-pelts pass through this Division, and of recent months some chinchillas have been shipped. Most of the wild fur is shipped direct to Vancouver and eastern points. Reports would indicate that the market for chinchilla pelts is very disappointing. Trap-lines Considerable trapping on private property is carried out in this Division, but many registered lines are operated in the northern and western portions of Vancouver Island and some of the adjacent islands. Beaver have become numerous and have to be thinned out, and racoons have developed into a serious nuisance in many parts of the Division. Registration of Guides There are a few guides in this Division, but most of them cater to sport fishermen. Recently there has been a demand for big-game guides for parties wishing to hunt bear. Special Patrols There were no special patrols carried out in this Division during the past year owing to the lack of a launch. The west coast of the Island requires considerably more supervision than it is receiving at present. A Game Warden can only make occasional patrols to remote areas, and these are done by the aid of the Fisheries and Royal Canadian Mounted Police launches. Hunting Accidents There were three hunting accidents in this Division during the past year, all of which were fatal. For detailed information covering the accidents, see report "Hunting and Fishing Accidents, 1954." Game-fish Culture Approximately 87,000 trout were released in lakes and streams in this Division from the Puntledge Park Hatchery during the past year. A more detailed list of liberations will be found elsewhere in this Report. Summary and General Remarks The success achieved by anglers and hunters during the past season was fair. The harvest of deer in this Division did not appear to be as heavy as in previous years, but blue and willow grouse were in abundance. Pheasants were in fair numbers but were mostly confined to private lands. Biological studies and game-management techniques should provide us before long with an answer to our deer population. Greater study will have to be given to food values of browse as our deer on the average do not appear to thrive as well as those on the adjacent Mainland. This falling-off in quality is noticeable in recent years. I make use of this opportunity to extend my thanks to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, who have given us every assistance in our work, and with whom we maintain very J 14 BRITISH COLUMBIA cordial relations. To the personnel of this Division who have assisted me in my work, I am most grateful, and I wish also to record my appreciation for the long and faithful services rendered to this Department by Game Wardens F. Weir, J. Jones, and O. Motti- shaw, who were superannuated during the year. " B " DIVISION (KOOTENAY AND BOUNDARY DISTRICTS) By C. F. Kearns, Officer Commanding I beg to submit herewith my annual report for the year ended December 31st, 1954. Big Game Moose.—These animals are now occasional throughout the Division from Princeton to the Crowsnest, and apparently their southern and westward dispersions have coincided. The stand in the East Kootenay is probably at a maximum level. Wapiti (Elk).—The elk bands in the East Kootenay continue their gradual spread westward. Short open seasons in the Lardeau and Creston districts resulted in much local interest and a number of good trophies. Caribou.—It is suggested that the extension of the open season to the end of November might make these fine game animals a trifle more accessible as they normally range very high. The number taken in any season is negligible. Mountain-sheep (Bighorn).—These animals are slowly increasing in the Rocky Mountain section of the East Kootenay and produce many top trophies, which are much desired by non-resident hunters. Mountain-goat.—Of late years these animals are hunted vigorously and the annual kill is considerable. There is a general agreement among veteran hunters that goats in the East Kootenay are not as numerous as they were ten or so years ago. They are found in smaller numbers throughout the Division. Mule Deer.—This is the No. 1 game animal, and its numbers are on the up-grade since the series of disastrous winters commencing in 1948. An either-sex season in the Kootenay-Arrow Lakes district was experimental, as well as a short doe season in the rest of the Division. White-tailed Deer.—This is the deer of the valleys and is most numerous in the East and West Kootenays, where they cause damage to crops and orchards. Considerable loss was experienced in the Canal Flats district late in the winter—February and March—when much mild weather with rain, followed by a cold snap, crusted the snow so hard that it would bear a horse and rider. The yarded white-tails, who normally depend on grass and shrubbery under the snow to supplement otherwise insufficient browse, were unable to get at it and many perished, presumably of malnutrition. Fortunately this condition was not extensive, but it was drastic where it did prevail. Fur-bearing Animals The plight of the trapper shows some signs of improving. Fur prices are slowly on the up-grade for the short-haired animals. Lynx, bobcats, and coyotes are in little demand. Upland Game Birds It was expected that the grouse cycle would be in evidence, and, generally speaking, grouse were not as numerous as in previous years. In some areas they were decidedly scarce. Nevertheless, generally the native-grouse shooting, as well as pheasant-shooting at Creston, Grand Forks, and Penticton-Oliver-Keremeos areas, was quite good. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 15 Migratory Game Birds These birds are found in good numbers in the East Kootenay between Golden and Windermere, and somewhat more thinly distributed throughout the rest of the Division, except the south and north ends of Kootenay Lake (Creston and Lardeau) where they nest in fair numbers. Predatory Animals and Noxious Birds All Game Wardens co-operated with the Predator Control staff in the disposition of baits, attention to complaints, and the hunting-down of destructive animals. For detailed information covering the destruction of predators, see report " Vermin Destroyed, 1953 and 1954." Game Protection There were 108 convictions, five dismissals, and one withdrawal under the " Game Act" and Special Fishery Regulations during the year. Game Propagation Fresh stocks of pheasants were introduced into the Creston, Grand Forks, and Penticton-Oliver-Keremeos areas. Game Reserves It would appear that some of our big-game reserves should be re-examined in the light of our present game regulations, as local or restricted open seasons have removed most of the reasons why they were originally established. This does not apply to migratory game-bird refuges. Fur Trade There is one resident fur-trader at Nelson, but most of the fur trade is carried on directly with the dealers at Vancouver. Registration of Trap-lines These are in a satisfactory condition and are continually being adjusted or brought up to date. Due to the low price of furs, there is not much activity or change in the trap-lines. Registration of Guides A more implicit system of grading guides could be considered. While it has not been Departmental policy to specifically recommend individual guides, the superior qualifications and abilities of some of them might profitably entitle them to a special category. Special Patrols As the field staff in this Division are accustomed to getting around the country on snowshoes, horses, canoes, rowboats, power-boats, motor-vehicles, jeeps, tractors, and aeroplanes, there are no patrols that would be termed other than routine. Hunting Accidents There were three hunting accidents in this Division during the past year, all of which were not serious. For detailed information covering the accidents, see report " Hunting and Fishing Accidents, 1954." Game-fish Culture This phase of our work is embodied in the report of the Fisheries Management Division. J 16 BRITISH COLUMBIA Summary and General Remarks Again it is time to sound a warning note; the same one that was pertinent last year and ten years ago. This is no time for a complacent view of our public hunting or fishing privileges. The basic problems are augmenting too fast. It is inevitable that with prosperity and an increase in population we should have more aggressive pressure on wild game. Due to our expanding system of industrial highways the urban dweller is almost as handy to the aloof places as the country resident. In this same industrial expansion arises the problem of stream pollution to the detriment of aqueous wildlife, waterfowl and fur-bearers, and possibly moose, as well as fish. But the immediate concern is the curtailment of deer winter pasturage by domestic animals—no winter pasture, no deer. It is so unhappily simple. The day is here when we must buy land for winter deer range and keep it exclusively for their use. This condition is critical in the East Kootenay and Okanagan districts, as well as being imminent in other sections of this Division. Weather conditions during the year were favourable, and at the time of writing, March 15th, 1955, the snowfall is light. Predators are at an all-time low, but it is to be noted with regret that winter patrols indicate a larger than normal amount of illegal deer-killing. This occurs in deer concentration areas where the animals stay close to the roads. A deer is shot, dumped into a car, and removed with little fear of detection. Late winter road checks and consistent patrols resulted in a number of convictions, which presumably represent a mild fraction of the actual violations. The usual cordial co-operation was received from the British Columbia Forest Service, the Department of Public Works, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as well as the various sportsmen's organizations throughout the Division. SUMMARY OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY GAME WARDENS IN "C" DIVISION (KAMLOOPS, YALE, OKANAGAN, CARIBOO, CHILCOTIN, AND SQUAMISH DISTRICTS). Big Game Moose.—It appears that moose are still extending their range and are seen in increasing numbers in the Revelstoke, Vernon, and Salmon Arm Detachments. They are also increasing in the Kelowna district, and are spreading westward into the Pemberton area. Throughout the rest of the Division, moose appear to be plentiful, but there is distinct evidence of overbrowsing in many areas, notably portions of the Bridge Lake, Chilcotin, and Ahbau Lake regions. There seems little doubt that a larger harvest of these animals could be taken with no ill effects upon the herds. A longer season on cow moose seems to be indicated. Deer.—Deer are plentiful and continue to cause damage to orchards and other crops in heavily settled areas such as the Okanagan. They appear to have increased in numbers everywhere. Several mild winters have favoured these animals, and they were not seen in large numbers at low altitudes until the hunting season was over. The kill was light. Caribou.—Little is known of these animals, and their fluctuating numbers are so far unexplained. After an almost complete disappearance from their former ranges, they now seem to be reappearing. They have been sighted in increasing numbers in the Big Bend, North Thompson, and Ahbau Lake (Quesnel) districts. It is believed that grizzly bears prey upon caribou calves to some extent, but it is not known whether this predation constitutes a serious limiting factor. A suggestion that a survey be made of the caribou herds is a good one. Caribou have received little attention from researchers on this continent so far. It is certain that they have increased from the extreme low that was recorded three or four years ago. Hunting pressure is very light, and few of these animals are taken annually by hunters. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 17 The open season set for caribou in the Anahim Lake-Itcha Mountain area resulted in a bag of some ten animals. Mountain-sheep.—The California bighorns, about which the Game Commission has been gravely concerned in recent years, remain static. They live now on the northern fringe of their natural range and are split up into some ten distinct bands. Staff biologists hold out little hope for any increase in the numbers of this type of sheep. The transplanting experiment tried during the year seems to have been an outstanding success. On November 5th, 1954, twenty California bighorns were live-trapped on the Moon Ranch, some 15 miles west of Williams Lake. They were then shipped to the Hart Mountain National Wildlife Refuge in Southern Oregon. California bighorns were once native to this region, and latest reports are that the animals have settled down well in their new environment. In the band were one 6-year-old ram, twelve ewes, and two male and five female lambs. Six lambs have been born since the transplant took place. It should be pointed out that this project was financed by Federal and Oregon State Game Commission funds and was a unique conservation effort between wildlife authorities. The experiment is being watched with great interest by conservationists across the continent. Rocky Mountain Goat.—These animals, found, as they are, in rugged and almost inaccessible terrain, are little hunted, and their numbers appear to remain the same from year to year. Grizzly Bear.—These animals are found in various parts of the Division, with the largest groups being found in the Shuswap, Bowron Lake, Okanagan, Ahbau Lake, and Baezeko districts. Unlike the black or brown bear, which adapts itself to any type of environment, the grizzly bear has much more exacting range requirements. There is little doubt that they will decrease in numbers as the country becomes more widely settled, but there are still healthy populations in the above and other areas. Very few of these animals are taken by hunters during the year. Black or Brown Bear.—These animals continue to be a nuisance in many areas and appear to be increasing everywhere despite a continuous open season. Most of the complaints about these animals come from orchardists, and they occasionally attack domestic cattle. The mild winter seemed to keep them from hibernation later than usual so that hunters took a larger bag of these animals than is common. Fur-bearing Animals.—Short-haired fur appears to be slightly more in demand than in recent years, with the result that trappers were more active. It should be noted that, with high wages being paid in logging camps and other activities, there is little incentive for a trapper to operate. There is a definite lull in trapping. This lull has caused an increase in almost all fur-bearers. Beavers have increased to the point where they are a nuisance in many regions. The registered trap-line system continues to be a most efficient method of controlling trappers, and it also encourages them to harvest their fur along the lines of wise conservation. There are few complaints from trappers. Upland Game Birds The most interesting development among bird-life in this Division is the introduction of the chukar partridge. First liberated in the Interior in 1950 and bolstered with fresh liberations annually, the chukar partridge has thrived in the Kamloops and Okanagan districts, and they are now almost numerous enough to warrant an open season. They form an interesting addition to our wildlife species here. Pheasants.—The new sprinkling methods of irrigation seem to be hard on pheasants, owing to the fact that sprinkling makes it difficult for the birds to nest in places where they nested formerly. The widespread use of insecticides such as DDT must have a detrimental effect upon these birds, but no definite findings can be reported at present. J 18 BRITISH COLUMBIA The present situation appears to be good, with a healthy crop of hens being observed in the Kamloops and Okanagan districts. If all sportsmen realized the importance of using a good bird dog when hunting pheasants, I am sure that many more birds would be brought to bag. More and more pheasant territory is being taken under cultivation annually, while an increasing number of farmers are using the " No Hunting" signs, despite worthy efforts by Game Wardens and fish and game club members to promote a harmonious relationship. Ruffed or Willow Grouse.—It is now widely realized that these birds are subject to periodic die-offs (cycles), and some decline in their numbers was noted in various parts of the Division. Whether this shortage can be attributed to the cycle or to a poor breeding season is not known at present, but it is certain that these grouse were not abundant. Blue Grouse.—These birds were plentiful in the higher areas. Sportsmen do not take many of these birds because they are usually found at higher altitudes. Predatory Animals and Noxious Birds The 1080 poisoning campaign has undoubtedly been a great success. Complaints of damage by wolves and coyotes are practically a thing of the past. Domestic cats allowed to run wild continue to be a nuisance everywhere. In another section of this Report will be found a detailed statement of predatory animals and other noxious birds destroyed by employees of this Division, together with a statement of bounty payments made during the year. The indiscriminate shooting of harmless hawks and owls, as well as ospreys, is to be deplored, and some sort of educational programme for sportsmen in which they would learn how to identify the various species of hawks and owls would be of benefit. Game Protection A list of the prosecutions made under the " Game Act" during the year will be found in another section of this Report. The mild winter made pheasant-feeding unnecessary. Game Propagation Game birds liberated within this Division are listed elsewhere in this Report. Game Reserves Game reserves and protected areas are patrolled regularly. The reserves which have been created adjacent to Interior cities continue to provide enjoyment to many citizens, who are able to observe waterfowl in such areas. Fur Trade There was little activity in the fur trade due to low fur prices and high wages in other forms of endeavour, both factors keeping trappers interested in other matters except trapping. Registration of Guides The system of guiding blocks appears to be working quite well, although it was found desirable to enlarge some of the blocks in the Cariboo and Chilcotin regions. It has been suggested by some Game Wardens that a reclassification of guides would be in order, with stricter requirements being laid down for the first-class licence. Shortage of staff would seem to preclude any large-scale examination programme, but there is little doubt that the grading is not what it should be. However, the guide system seems to work as well as can be expected at present, although some individuals do not give non-residents the service expected of them. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 19 Game-fish Culture A list of fish and egg plantings will be found elsewhere in this Report. Fishery Officer Fred Martin, who was associated with the Lloyd's Creek Hatchery for a number of years, was transferred to the Puntledge Park Hatchery at Courtenay. His position was efficiently filled by Hatchery Officer Hugh Sparrow. Summary and General Remarks . Co-operation with other Government departments continues to be one of the most pleasant features of our work. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Forest Service, the Water Rights Branch, and other Government agencies gave our staff every possible assistance during the year. Great improvement in the wolf and coyote problems was especially noticeable, due to the success of the 1080 programme. Canada geese were found to be extremely abundant and, despite the heavy hunting pressure, the numbers of other waterfowl held up well. Hunting Accidents On November 20th, Leonard Larsen, Roe Lake, shot himself in the left forearm while hunting west of Little Fort. When running to head off a deer, he tripped and fell. His rifle, an 8-mm. Mauser, then discharged and the bullet tore through the muscles of his left forearm. It is expected that he will regain the full use of the wounded arm. "D" DIVISION (ATLIN, SKEENA, OMINECA, PRINCE RUPERT, FORT GEORGE, PEACE RIVER, AND YUKON BOUNDARY DISTRICTS) By W. A. H. Gill, Officer Commanding I beg to submit herewith my annual report covering game conditions in " D " Division for the year ended December 31st, 1954. Big Game Moose.—These animals are holding their own, and a good number were taken by both resident and non-resident hunters. Many animals of both sexes were reported seen during the mating season, but later these migrated to higher ground and did not show up in any great numbers until they were forced down by heavy snowfall toward the end of the season. Migration to higher ridges took place at a much later date than usual, no doubt due to the exceptionally mild weather which prevailed during most of the fall. During the winter and spring the occasional moose was found dead from tick infestation. It would appear, however, that fewer allegedly infested animals were killed by hunters during the past season. Deer.—Deer showed a slight increase in some portions of the Division, while in others the population remained stationary. Reports have been coming from nearly all regions to the effect that sportsmen generally feel that the present population does not warrant a bag-limit of two bucks. Conditions on the Queen Charlotte Islands differ from the remainder of the Division. Reports indicate that in this region there exists an overabundance of deer. A special effort should be made to reduce their numbers with a view to obtaining a more healthy breed. Caribou.—These animals are reported to be increasing slightly in some areas and holding their own in others. They are not hunted extensively by residents of the Prov- . J 20 BRITISH COLUMBIA ince, but quite a number are taken by non-residents, especially in the Peace River District. Fair numbers are appearing in the vicinity of Fort Grahame on the Finlay River, where caribou have not been seen for years. Black and Brown Bear.—These animals remain plentiful, though reports of damage to domestic stock are few. During the fall, however, they do cause some damage to grain-crops on farms, while a number of moose calves are also killed by these animals. The present year-round open season is a means of reducing their numbers. Grizzly Bear.—Grizzlies remain plentiful throughout the Division and are not hunted extensively, but a few are taken by non-resident hunters. Ten were bagged in the Marilla area south of Burns Lake during the past hunting season. Mountain-sheep.—No appreciable change has taken place in the population of these animals. Most of those taken last season were obtained in the northern portion of the Peace River District and in the Cold Fish Lake area. Trophy fees were collected on thirty-six mountain-sheep at Fort St. John. The band in the Sheep Creek Pass area is heavily hunted, and the matter of closing the season in that area should receive serious consideration. A patrol of the region should be undertaken for the purpose of closely checking the activities of all guides, especially those who operate out of Hythe and Beaverlodge in Alberta. Mountain-goat.—These animals are quite plentiful in all regions, though not heavily hunted. The bulk of those taken were obtained in the north-eastern part of the Province. Wapiti (Elk).—Small bands of elk remain in the vicinity of Red Pass, and also in the Peace River District, but no noticeable increases have been reported. A slow increase in population is, however, reported from the Queen Charlotte Islands, where elk were liberated some years ago. Their range is not easily accessible, and they are therefore not heavily hunted. A slightly longer open season would perhaps result in a few of these being taken. Fur-bearing Animals Marten.—Marten are plentiful on most trap-lines in the rugged portions of the Division. However, they are reported as being non-existent on one line in the Pine Pass area where they were formerly found in abundance. Evidently they migrated to another area, and a close watch is being kept to ascertain if disease is the cause of the decline. Beaver.—These animals showed another marked increase in numbers, with the result that destruction was done to farm lands, while highways and railway rights-of-way were in danger of being damaged. In some localities it was necessary to sink iron culvert pipe into the dams, and this proved an effective method of preventing flood conditions. The increased price offered for pelts which were carried over from last season should encourage all trap-line holders to harvest some of their beaver-crop. Fox.—Fox remain plentiful, although few are trapped because of low prices. Mink.—Mink are still increasing, although quite a number were trapped since fair prices were offered. Fisher.—As prices have improved somewhat, and as fisher show an increase in numbers, it is believed that a few will be trapped. Lynx.—These animals have increased to the point where repeated requests that they be declared predators are being received. Since rabbits have nearly all disappeared, it is natural that lynx prey more heavily on grouse. Reports indicate that many domestic birds are being killed by lynx who raid chicken-pens. Squirrels.—These fur-bearers are exceptionally scarce in nearly all areas, but it has as yet not been established if this condition is brought about by migration or disease. It is hoped that the improved market condition which prevailed at the end of the year will result in increased activity among trappers and a reduction in those fur-bearers which have reached the point of overpopulation. report of provincial game commission, 1954 j 21 Upland Game Birds Pheasants.—Very poor results were obtained from the birds which were released in the Smithers, Vanderhoof, and Fort St. John areas as conditions in these northern latitudes do not lend themselves favourably to the raising of pheasants. Members of the rod and gun club at Fort St. John have hatched and liberated some birds which have now settled on adjoining farms, and the results of this endeavour will be watched with interest. Willow Grouse.—A sharp drop in the population of willow grouse is reported from all parts of the Division due, no doubt, to the very wet and unfavourable nesting season, and also the marked increase in numbers of animals which feed on these birds. However, it is believed that sufficient birds remain in the woods to bring about a substantial come-back should weather conditions prove more favourable during the coming spring. Blue Grouse.—These birds are only found on higher ground, and few are taken. Franklin's Grouse.—These birds also suffered a serious set-back due to unfavourable weather conditions last spring, and so remain scarce. Sharp-tailed Grouse (Prairie-chicken).—As a result of the serious decline in the population of these birds, it may become necessary to recommend a smaller bag-limit. Migratory Game Birds Ducks and Geese.—As has been the case in the past few years, duck-hunting in parts of this Division was poor, except for the Peace River District and the Prince Rupert area. Lack of birds was brought about mainly by reason of the exceptionally fine weather, which resulted in northern ducks remaining in those parts until freeze-up time. Local ducks appeared in fair numbers, and quite a few were taken by hunters. Geese showed a substantial increase, though few were taken. The establishment of bird sanctuaries should produce fair hunting in the not too distant future. Predatory Animals and Noxious Birds Timber-wolves and Coyotes.—The very extensive poisoning programme which was undertaken again last year throughout most of this Division has resulted in the destruction of a large number of timber-wolves and some coyotes. No count of the number of animals destroyed could be obtained as the use of 1080 poison permits the animals to travel long distances before they die. An effort should be made during the coming year to carry on with this work with a view to further reducing the predator population. Cougars.—According to reports, the occasional cougar has been seen, though it is believed that they are not increasing very rapidly. Magpies.—There is no noted change in the number of these birds. Eagles.—These birds remain quite plentiful in some areas and are a definite menace to small animals and birds. Game Protection The rapid increase in population throughout the entire Division has resulted in a substantial increase in hunters and, likewise, in violations of the " Game Act." A total of 255 cases were taken before the Courts, resulting in 236 convictions and nineteen dismissals. Whereas major construction programmes will be undertaken in many parts of this Division during the coming year, with a resultant heavy influx of transient workers, the employment of additional Game Wardens to more extensively carry on patrols is strongly recommended. However, it is realized that the appointment of such extra personnel involves the expenditure of additional funds. J 22 BRITISH COLUMBIA Game Propagation Pheasants.—The only propagation programme undertaken was the one at Smithers, where the Bulkley Valley Rod and Gun Club raised and released thirty-three pheasants, nearly all of which fell prey to hawks and owls or perished during the extremely wet and cold summer weather. A further decline was reported from the Peace River District, and it has therefore been established that this country does not lend itself to the raising of these birds. Game Reserves The game reserves consist of Fort George, Lake Kathlyn, and Kaien Island, all of which were principally established for the protection of the public from stray bullets should some ambitious hunter attempt to kill game birds near settlements. The Nechako Bird Sanctuary at Vanderhoof does not fall into this category as it was frequented by a large number of migratory birds on their way north and, to a lesser degree, during the southern migration period in the fall. The Buckhorn Lake Bird Sanctuary is proving its worth as a greatly increased number of geese now inhabit this area. Feeding is done in adjoining grain-fields, and local sportsmen are therefore able to enjoy fair shooting. It is anticipated that greater numbers of birds will frequent this sanctuary in the near future, and still better shooting will result. Fur Trade The fur trade has been at a very low ebb for some time but should show signs of improvement as somewhat higher fur prices were offered at the end of the year. Exceptionally high wages which are currently being paid by employers coupled with low fur prices are the reasons for the greatly deteriorated condition of this industry. Registration of Trap-lines Nearly all trap-line registrations have been completed until such time as new and more accurate maps of the Province become available. Registration of Guides All registered guides appear to be highly satisfied with the present registration system, and no reports of friction caused by overlapping of territory have been received to date. However, there would appear to be a great variation in rates charged by persons engaged in this type of work, and it is hoped that members of the guides' associations will get together with a view to establishing a more uniform rate. Non-residents who engage a guide at a low rate per diem are usually dissatisfied with the results of their hunt, and it is felt that this casts a reflection on the ability of other guides who are fully qualified to offer first-class service. Special Patrols No patrols of a special nature were undertaken by Game Wardens in this Division. Hunting Accidents Four hunting accidents were reported to this office during the year, only one of which proved fatal. For detailed information covering the accidents, see report " Hunting and Fishing Accidents, 1954." Game-fish Culture An extensive coarse-fish removal programme was again undertaken, and satisfactory results were obtained in Beaverly and St. George Creeks, at the outlet and inlet to REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 23 West Lake. Fish-traps were operated in both streams, and many hours were spent by the Game Wardens and myself in keeping the traps in working order. Some poisoning was also carried out in these streams, but fewer fish were taken by reason of the exceptionally high water during the summer months. Many coarse fish were also destroyed in streams flowing into and out of Cluculz Lake by both fish-traps and poison, and it is believed that their numbers were further reduced. This work will continue in preparation of a heavy fish-culture programme, which it is hoped will be undertaken upon the establishment of a fish-hatchery at Livingston's Fishing Hole on the Crooked River, some 45 miles north of Prince George. This body of water could support a very large hatchery and many suitable rearing- ponds, but it is fully realized that the development of the project is out of the question by reason of lack of funds. Summary and General Remarks The year just closed was quite successful from the standpoint of the game-hunter, but fishing in many localities has deteriorated because of increased population, and it is believed that this condition will prevail until such time as we are in a financial position to erect a fish-hatchery in this Division in order to restock many of our lakes and streams. The lack of good fishing in bodies of water adjacent to motor-roads has resulted in fishermen now visiting lakes and streams in the more remote areas by means of aeroplanes. During the fall months, aeroplanes are also used for the purpose of hunting game, and since this Department does not own an aeroplane and the cost of chartering one is prohibitive, we have no means of checking the activities of such fishermen and hunters. This means of travel will increase as time goes on, and the Department should therefore give serious consideration to the matter of obtaining an aeroplane for carrying out patrols into these remote areas. An aeroplane could also be used for putting out poison baits during the winter months instead of doing this work by a chartered aeroplane as is done at present. Periodic return trips could be made to the baits for the purpose of checking the results obtained, which cannot be done at present because of the high cost of chartering an aeroplane. I hereby wish to express my sincere thanks to the personnel of this Division for the efficient manner in which they carried out their work. The many hours spent during patrols is reflected in the number of prosecutions resulting therefrom. Many thanks also to the members of the other departments, especially the Forest Service and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, for their kind co-operation. May the cordial relations which have existed in the past be extended to the future. SUMMARY OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY GAME WARDENS IN "E" DIVISION (MAINLAND COAST NORTH TO TOBA INLET AND LOWER MAINLAND AS FAR INLAND AS NORTH BEND). Big Game Deer (Coast or Columbian).—Deer are on the increase throughout the Division and are thought to be beyond the carrying capacity of the range on some islands adjacent to the Mainland. A good harvest was obtained during the season, with the last two weeks being especially fruitful. It was noted that, although there was an open season on doe deer, far more bucks than does were taken in many areas. It would appear that a larger harvest could be taken without any detrimental effects. Deer seem to be increasing their range and have been seen in increasing numbers at coastal points on both the Mainland and the east coast of Vancouver Island in areas where they were scarce previously. J 24 BRITISH COLUMBIA Wapiti (Elk).—The McNab Creek elk herd appears to be increasing its range. The five-day open season did not result in a single kill as far as is known. This was partly due to the mild autumn, which kept the wapiti high up in the hills and made them inaccessible. Torrential rains and high water in creeks and rivers also discouraged hunters. This elk herd would appear to be at its maximum capacity at present, and a one-week season at the end of November is suggested. Black or Brown Bear.—These animals are a decided nuisance and seem to be on the increase despite the continual open season. They have been the cause of many complaints in many parts of the Division. Powell River, Coquitlam, and North Vancouver have been plagued with these animals at various times; it would be a good thing if sportsmen would hunt these animals more extensively in the places named. Grizzly Bear.—The exact status of these animals is not known due to the fact that they inhabit almost inaccessible areas at the head of the many coastal inlets. There appear to be satisfactory populations at the head of Loughborough, Bute, Toba, and other inlets, as well as Phillips and Ramsay Arms. There are some grizzlies also in the Mission- Harrison Lake area and perhaps in other mountainous parts of the Division. Few are ever taken, and hunting pressure has no effect whatsoever upon them. It is believed that the population remains more or less the same. Mountain-goat.—These animals are definitely on the increase in the high mountainous country north and south of Powell River and in the high mountains close to the coastal inlets. Goat populations are also found in the headwaters of the Coquitlam River north of Alouette and Stave and other lakes in the district. Their range is almost inaccessible, and few are taken by hunters. For the most part the population remains static and is quite satisfactory. A proposal to extend the open season to December 15th is under consideration. With mild autumns there is almost no possible chance of mountain-goats being hunted. Fur-bearing Animals Continued low prices for fur have resulted in a fall-off in trapping activity for the past few years, and, as a result, fur-bearing animals of all types have increased. Racoons and foxes are so little trapped nowadays that they have become a considerble nuisance in farming areas, and strong control measures have been taken. Beavers continue to show an increase everywhere, and damage through flooding is commonplace throughout the Division. Upland Game Birds Blue Grouse.—In this Division the blue grouse are scattered, and their habitat is continually changing so that the over-all picture is difficult to ascertain. Where they were previously numerous in the Powell River district, for example, they are now scarce. Weather conditions were not favourable during the nesting and hatching seasons, but blue grouse were still taken in fair numbers by hunters willing to climb into the higher levels. These birds seem to fluctuate, but over the years their numbers would appear to remain about the same. Willow (Ruffed) Grouse.—These are found in scattered coveys throughout the Division where habitat is suitable, with the Sechelt Peninsula yielding the heaviest concentrations. A poor breeding season affected them this year, but, as these birds are cyclic, little fear should be felt for their survival. Their numbers range from extreme scarcity to fairly good populations from district to district. Pheasants.—Despite the tremendous hunting pressure on pheasants—a pressure which increases yearly—these birds still seem to be able to look after themselves. It should be noted that areas in which pheasants were once abundant are gradually being taken over by industry or some other form of human development. It is most difficult to REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 25 supply the ever-increasing army of hunters with a satisfactory pheasant population when, at the same time, pheasant habitat is continually decreasing. A poor breeding season also cut into the pheasant numbers, and it was, on the whole, a poor season for these birds. To hunt them without dogs is almost useless, and every effort should be made to teach sportsmen that a dog is absolutely necessary when in the field after pheasants. The widespread use of insecticides of various types is also, surely, having a great effect upon pheasants. Migratory Game Birds Ducks and Canada Geese.—There was a fair duck-hunting season in the northern (Powell River) section of this Division, with the last two weeks of the season yielding the best harvest. Scoters and golden eyes were the most prevalent types bagged. In general, ducks were abundant but did not appear in the greatest numbers until after the season had closed, due to climatic conditions. Black Brant.—These birds were scarce during the open season but appeared in large numbers after the season had closed. Band-tailed Pigeons.—As in the previous two years, band-tailed pigeons left before the season opened. Food habits appeared to account for this. The birds had finished off the elderberry and moved off before the dogwood ripened. These birds are little hunted and are, on occasion, a considerable nuisance around truck-gardens. Snow Geese.—These birds were observed in large numbers off the foreshore, but, as usual, few of them were taken. Wilson's Snipe.—These birds were plentiful but are little hunted. Predatory Animals and Noxious Birds Wild house-cats and domestic dogs can be classed as among our worst predators, especially so in areas close to human settlement. Foxes and racoons also cause certain damage where chickens and other domestic fowl are being raised. Good results in controlling these troublesome animals were obtained, but the domestic cats and dogs remain a major problem. Bobcats have been responsible for local predation on small game birds and fawn deer but cannot be considered as a serious limiting factor. Crows and ravens are known to have been active in nest and egg destruction, while certain types of hawks have also caused damage. Unfortunately the troublesome types of hawks are extremely difficult to hunt. Care should be taken when hunting hawks so that only the troublesome types are killed. Few hawks actually seem to cause enough damage to game birds to be a serious limiting factor. A complete list of the predators destroyed by Game Wardens will be found in another section of this Report. Game Protection Game Wardens continued to patrol extensively in their various detachments, and a list of violations and prosecutions will be found in another section of this Report. Game Reserves Regular patrols are made of all game reserves in this Division. Fur Trade A slight rise in prices of certain furs caused a spur in trapping activity, but the industry does not flourish on anything like the scale it did a few years ago. The registered trap-line system continues to function with a minimum of complaint. The trap-line system J 26 BRITISH COLUMBIA practised here is undoubtedly most efficient. As well as controlling trapping, it also encourages trappers to conserve their fur and works amazingly well. Registration of Guides With the exception of a few hunting trips for grizzly bears along the coastal inlets, there is no guiding activity in this Division. Special Patrols A special patrol was undertaken by Game Warden B. E. Wilson, Powell River. The patrol commenced December 5th, 1954, and ended three days later. The trip was done with launch P.G.D. No. 1, and a search was conducted for members of the crew of Powell River Company's tug " Teeshoe." Corp. L. R. Lane, Vancouver, undertook aerial flights over coastal islands and inlets for the purpose of counting waterfowl. A distance of 1,800 miles was covered. A special road block which was set up at Flood (near Hope) at the end of the hunting season yielded satisfactory results. Hunting Accidents There were two hunting accidents during the year, one of them fatal. On October 19th, 1954, Richard Rudolph Popp, of 2259 East Fifty-fifth Avenue, Vancouver, B.C., was accidentally shot and killed by his hunting partner, Clare Steve Severenski, of 3750 Patterson Avenue, South Burnaby, B.C., while duck-hunting in the Pitt Meadows district. Glenmore David Smith, Agassiz, shot his father, Albert Smith, in the back with a .410-gauge shotgun while hunting pheasants. Albert Smith recovered later. Game-fish Culture Detailed statements regarding game-fish culture activities within this Division are to be found elsewhere in this Report. It should be mentioned that extensive and far-reaching studies of the effects of the Cleveland Dam (Capilano River) on down-stream migrants are being carried out continually. Both Federal and Game Branch fisheries biologists are engaged in this important matter. A complete report is not yet available. Anti-pollution measures and coarse-fish eradication programmes have been undertaken in several Lower Mainland lakes and streams, and a full report on these activities will be found elsewhere in this Report. Summary and General Remarks The whole position of wildlife in " E " Division is a matter of conjecture at the present time. The unprecedented build-up and ever-extending industrial activity throughout the Division make the wildlife scene constantly changing. As human activity eats into the wildlife habitat and as more and more people go afield in search of game, a scarcity of many wildlife species seems inevitable. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT DIVISION By Dr. P. A. Larkin, Chief Fisheries Biologist INTRODUCTION As the reports of the various branches of the Fisheries Management Division which follow this introduction indicate, 1954 was in every respect an outstanding year of accomplishment in sport-fish conservation in British Columbia. From an administrative view-point there have been virtually no major problems. The specialized branches REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 27 (Hatcheries, Research, and Protection) have played a key role in organizing factual material and establishing efficient and effective policy. The regional biologists have taken these tools, and combining them with good public relation programmes have carried out an effective programme of progressive sport-fish management. Some examples of the trend of events will illustrate our progress. The Research Branch has devised, on the basis of our many years of lake survey, a basic standard stocking policy for lakes. This has been implemented by the regional biologists. The Hatcheries Division is now geared to provide a uniform high-quality product. These are the basic ingredients of wise stocking policy. At present there is a bottleneck in the production of fingerling fish in the hatcheries, but this difficulty could be overcome in a few years' time with planned hatchery expansion. Accordingly, Department routines for assuring that sport fish will not be harmed by water use for other resources have reached a healthy state. A regional biologist need have no doubt about how to present the case for sport-fish protection in connection with any development. Again, the regional biologists are able, through the advice of the Protection Branch, to present the public with an informed picture of the general problem of water use, something which they would not otherwise be able to do. Many similar examples of informed policy consistently and effectively applied could be cited. In many respects, then, the Division can be said to have " come of age." The staff is sufficiently large to cope with most current problems. Provided growth of the Division can keep pace with the increasing public demand for more fishing-waters, there is every reason to believe that sport-fish conservation practice in British Columbia will be abreast of the most progressive in North America. It is largely because of the close harmony between the specialized branches and the regional men that 1954 has been a year of progress and accomplishment. Needless to say, harmony and integration of effort hinge on the high quality of the men on the staff. In this general way I should like to acknowledge the very superior work of the men of the Division in 1954. MANAGEMENT DIVISION General The important Province-wide trends of management in 1954 were:— (1) Organizing staff for regional duties. (2) Simplification of fishing regulations. (3) Increased emphasis on lake and stream improvement. (4) Beginning of creel-census records. There were no major changes in Province-wide fishing regulations. However, several important regional changes were made. Lakes were opened to year-round fishing in all districts but Vancouver Island. Many unnecessary minor regulations no longer serving a useful purpose were rescinded. Many lakes and streams were added to the group for which a 6-inch size-limit applies. There has been a growing realization of the need for easing many of the restrictions on fishing, both because many of the regulations are unnecessary and because they complicate the regulations. The increased emphasis on lake and stream improvement is reflected in the reports of the regional staff describing lake poisoning operations (five lakes in 1954), fishway construction, removal of obstructions, trail-clearing projects, and other improvement programmes. This type of work will no doubt be greatly expanded in the future. The creel-census records begun in 1953 and continued in 1954 give promise of providing the bases for estimating the annual catch of sport fish in the Province. They also give valuable insight into the regional needs for all types of fish-cultural work. With this information, better direction can be given to most of our management activities. J 28 BRITISH COLUMBIA Sport-fishing Records, 1953-54 S. B. Smith, Division Fisheries Biologist During the summer of 1953 a partial creel census was placed in operation by the British Columbia Game Commission to cover as much as possible of the summer sport fishing on British Columbia lakes. Records were obtained voluntarily by resort operators who recorded fishing effort in their areas. The programme had its beginning in the winter of 1952, when about 400 resort operators were first contacted by mail. Of the 200 who replied indicating they would assist in the programme, usable records for 1953 were obtained from 123. In the summer of 1954, record-books were supplied to those who had returned them the previous year and to some new participants in the programme. In 1954 total number of record-books distributed was 140; of these, sixty-three were returned. Information contained in the individual books is treated as confidential, and used books are returned to operators for their private records. Only total catch and average success for the Province are made available to the general public. In this way any comparisons which might be made between quality of fishing at various resorts is avoided. Although response to the initial request for records was gratifying, coverage of the Province is by no means complete. Further than that, it is not yet considered adequate for the purpose of effective management of the sport fishery. However, the programme will be continued on an annual basis, and doubtless will provide valuable data on trends in sport-fishing success from year to year. Each year every effort will be extended by Game Commission field staffs to increase the number of resort operators contributing. The following table lists the totals only for numbers of resident and non-resident anglers checked, hours fished, number of fish caught, catch per hour, and catch per angler for 1953 and 1954. The very large differences in angling success for the various areas covered indicated that the records can continue to be of value in sport-fish management on a Province-wide basis only if a wide coverage of angling effort is maintained. Further, to increase the value of such records it is obviously desirable that the coverage be extended. The totals in the table have been summarized from records for individual resorts and are not available to the general public. Creel-census Records Kept at Fishing Resorts in 1953 and 1954 Number of Resorts Number of Angler-days Hours Fished Number of Fish Caught Catch per Hour Catch per Angler- day Resident Nonresident Total 1953.. 123 63 20,859 17,671 18,592 14,669 39,451 32,340 205,890 170,869 128,684 103,513 0.62 0.61 3.26 1954 - 3.20 The total number of anglers checked represents about one-third of licensed anglers in British Columbia for 1953 and about one-quarter for 1954. Although the records do not cover all areas in the Province, some general conclusions may be drawn from them and may be applied with some confidence to the British Columbia sport fishery as a whole. It may be seen from the above table that over 39,000 angler-days were recorded in 1953 and over 32,000 in 1954. Catch success for the two years was nearly identical, at slightly over three fish per angler-day. If the sample in each year is representative of all those who held fishing licences (117,756 in 1953 and 119,750 in 1954), the total number of fish caught in each year may be estimated. Returns from an angler's questionnaire which was sent to 5,000 residents and 2,000 non-residents J REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 29 indicate that the average time spent fishing in British Columbia in 1954 was in excess of fifteen days per angler. Catch for 1954 can be estimated, therefore, as in excess of 5,750,000 fish. Since catch success for the two years is so similar, roughly the same number of fish probably were harvested in 1953. These estimates are considered to be conservative. The records do not take into account the large number of persons who fish for salmon, steelhead, and cut-throat trout, as well as other species, in tidal waters (where no angling licence is required). The number of persons and their total catch involved in tide-water fisheries is unknown. However, it is likely that the annual harvest for tide-water sport fishing is substantial. It is apparent that the combined catch for the tidal and non-tidal sport fisheries should be accorded a position of considerable importance among our other Provincial resources. Although it is important to realize the magnitude of the sport fishery of British Columbia, it is perhaps of equal importance to maintain a record system which makes possible an annual inventory of the extent to which available fish stocks are being exploited. For instance, it is obvious from the above table that fishing success was equal in each of the two years considered. As time passes, it will be possible to detect any change which might take place. Considering the foregoing, there is every reason for expanding this creel-census programme as far as possible. It is to be hoped that within a few years all those who operate resorts and boat rentals will come to look upon this programme as being as necessary to their businesses as the proper keeping of books and taking stock is to the person who operates a grocery-store or hardware business. A cknowledgments A study of this kind naturally can succeed only with the co-operation of resort operators. To those who have assisted in the programme by supplying catch data in 1953 and 1954, we extend our sincere thanks. Without the excellent voluntary help we received, we could not have obtained the information at any cost. Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island S. B. Smith, Division Fisheries Biologist The Lower Mainland region, with its paucity of good lakes and extremely heavy population, is dependent to a large extent on stream fishing to satisfy its anglers. Almost by necessity, then, the emphasis on management of the sport fishery is directed in large part to management of two species—the steelhead trout and the sea-run cut-throat trout. Management of the latter has been confined mainly to protection of the existing cutthroat fishery, although an attempt to obtain 25,000 to 50,000 sea-run cut-throat eggs is planned for the month of February, 1955. There is, however, an active steelhead- management programme in operation. It, together with other smaller projects, is outlined below. Steelhead Programme The steelhead programme may be divided into two parts: (1) Hatchery operations and (2) evaluation. Hatchery phase of the programme consists of rearing steelhead to migrant size for planting in certain selected streams on an experimental basis. All released fish are marked, and returns are intended to provide (a) a source of eggs for future operations and (b) evidence on which future plantings will be based. The evaluation phase of the steelhead programme is based in part on the return of adult fish as a measure of success of the plantings. The need for plantings in various streams is being evaluated by means of a creel-census programme. The creel census is being carried out with the co-operation of sportsmen's associations, newspapers, and J 30 BRITISH COLUMBIA interested individuals. Briefly, the census is obtained from record-cards which have been distributed to about 9,000 anglers on the Mainland and Vancouver Island. The record-cards are designed to allow for the recording of forty steelhead (the annual catch-limit). Date and name of the stream where the fish was caught completes the record for each fish taken by an angler. Cards are returned at the end of each season to the Game Commission. Although the programme is still in its early stages, response to date has been very gratifying. With a large number of cards returned, it will be possible to direct the annual output of steelhead migrants to the waters where they are most needed, either to maintain a fishery which already exists or to rebuild a run which may have been depleted. Deer Lake Project Deer Lake, a 90-acre body of water which lies close to the Douglas-Grandview Highway in the District of Burnaby, has produced indifferent sport fishing for many years. Cause of the low quality of fishing has been assessed as a coarse-fish problem. Funds have been requested to eradicate all fish in the lake with rotenone and restock with trout. Burnaby Municipal Council and property-owners adjacent to the lake favour the plan. A fish-barrier at the outlet is required to prevent reintroduction of coarse fish from lower levels in the watershed. Plans for this barrier have been drawn, and its installation will take place in the spring, shortly before the fish-poisoning operation is carried out. Stream Survey Routine surveys have been carried out on a number of steelhead and trout streams. These surveys are necessary to make possible adequate recommendations for regulations. At the same time, data are gathered which make possible assessment of problems of access, stream-flows, pollution, and fishing pressure. Protection Investigations have been made on a number of waters in co-operation with the Protection Division. Two of these where pollution abatement is virtually complete are Luckakuck Creek and Atchelitz Creek near Chilliwack. Gravel-quarrying leases have been investigated on the Coquitlam and Stave Rivers. Negotiations are proceeding with City Council of New Westminster in an attempt to effect abatement of the long-standing pollution of Brunette River. Survey of Daisy Lake in the Squamish area was made in connection with the British Columbia Electric Company development of Cheakamus River. Research Research has been concluded on the relationship between scale diameter and body length of rainbow trout. A paper on this subject will be submitted for publication in the journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. A paper has also been completed dealing with the relative survival and growth of hatchery-reared and wild fish from the same stock in the same lake. This paper will be submitted for publication in the Canadian Fish Culturist, a publication of the Department of Fisheries of Canada. Okanagan and Kamloops Areas G. E. Stringer, Regional Fisheries Biologist Work in the Okanagan and Kamloops areas in 1954 consisted mainly of lake surveys, investigations, and visits to resort operators. Lake surveys will continue until all important or potentially important lakes have been checked, for, in addition to factual information, surveys provide statistics used in computing number of fish to be stocked. " Investigations " is a term used to cover a multitude of complaints and problems such as poor fishing, overfishing, inadequate stocking, overpopulation, or more specific types REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 31 such as pollutions, obstructions, and water-licence applications. Many fishing resorts were visited, and the primary purpose of the visit was to stress the importance of resort operators keeping accurate catch statistics for the Game Department. The general antipathy of many resort operators to records is discouraging. It seems a corollary of human nature that those doing least complain the most and expect the most assistance. Two small lakes—namely, Madden and Bear (Ripley) Lakes—were poisoned in the Oliver area. Poisoning took place in early July, and a complete kill was attained. The lakes were last tested on December 27th, 1954, and were still toxic, but it is hoped that spring run-off and lake flushing will reduce toxicity to a sub-lethal level. Purpose of poisoning was to eradicate shiners (Richardsonius balteatus) which were inadvertently planted, probably by the illegal use of live fish for bait. Stream poisoning was carried out at Bridge Lake in the Cariboo and Pinaus Lake near Falkland in order to kill undesirable species as they enter the streams and spawn. Results were spectacular but ineffective since large numbers also spawn in the lake, and the total effect insignificant. These stream poisonings will be discontinued. Bass were transferred from Shannon Lake, Westbank, to Five Mile Lake, Revelstoke. Fish were caught by angling by members of the Revelstoke Club and officials of the Game Department. A total of 385 fish were liberated, ranging from 4 to 12 inches. Two major projects set up in 1954 consist of (a) reducing, by means of poisoning adult spawners, the number of fish in an overpopulated lake in order to ascertain if size can be markedly increased, and (b) an evaluation of our yearling-fish plantings from Summerland. The former programme will be conducted in the Spences Bridge area at Pimainus Lakes; the latter consists of marking all yearling fish (320,000 to 350,000) leaving the hatchery for the next four to five years. Continual checks on marked fish should, it is hoped, provide data from which we can determine the percentage that hatchery stocks contribute to the fishery of particular lakes. Much of the work in the next few years will be evaluating results of hatchery plantings in lakes where trout co-exist with undesirable species. One might question the emphasis on evaluation. However, the largest and most expensive task facing hatcheries is stocking coarse-fish lakes with yearling fish. Are these stockings valuable? It does not appear so. Not one lake stocked with yearling fish provides good fishing when Interior pure-culture lakes are used as a criterion. Three reasons are: Firstly, Kamloops trout cannot compete successfully with most other species; secondly, insufficient numbers are probably stocked; and, lastly, a lower availability of food which reflects more efficient food cropping of many coarse-fish types. Results of heavy stocking would not compensate for the prohibitive cost. The alternative is to plant more successful game-fish species or poison the lake if not too large. Poisoning is the only consistent technique giving good success. In the Interior the writer emphasizes the need for a static yearling-fish output based on 1955 distribution lists and inaugurating a vigorous and ever-expanding era. Many lakes should be poisoned each year, for this is the best avenue of approach to provide good fishing for the average individual who cannot afford trips into the hinterland lakes where trout have no competitors. East and West Kootenays F. P. Maher, Regional Fisheries Biologist Fisheries work in the East and West Kootenays during 1954 may be summarized under the following headings: Investigations with Regard to Regulation Changes; Survey of Resort Operators; Inquiry into Sport-fishing Activity; Lake Poisoning; Investigations into Stocking Needs; Pollution Control; Surveys in Connection with Dams; Development of Rod and Gun Club Activity. The subject-matter of some of the above headings is Province-wide and dealt with in detail by others. Work under the above headings peculiar to the Kootenays will be discussed briefly. J 32 BRITISH COLUMBIA Investigations with Regard to Regulation Changes Investigations this year indicated that stream regulations in the Kootenays were unnecessarily complex and did not fully serve their purpose of protecting game fish. In 1955 anglers in the Kootenays will enjoy a nine-month fishing period in most streams. The majority are closed for the months of April, May, and June to protect Kamloops and cut-throat trout, and a few are closed in August, September, and October to protect eastern brook trout and Dolly Varden. The regulations are approaching stability in this district, and after the changes in the 1956 regulations should remain unchanged, except for minor points, for some years. Survey of Resort Operators Due to the unusually wet season many resort operators experienced a sharp drop in tourist business during the early part of the summer, although it picked up in late summer and early fall. This, together with less prompting by the writer than in the previous year, resulted in a falling-off of creel-census records by many operators. These operators and others who have not as yet kept records are being contacted during the winter months where possible, and it is anticipated that 1955 will see greatly increased coverage of the principal fishing areas. Inquiry into Sport-fishing Activity Apart from the survey of resort operators, a general inquiry has been made into the types of sport fishing carried on in the Kootenays. To the end of this year it has been noted that few anglers are taking advantage of the year-round angling season on lakes. Some activity has been noted at the south end of Kootenay Lake, where a few anglers obtained catches of large Kamloops trout in December. There is at present no tradition of winter fishing for trout in the Kootenays, and it will likely be a few years before this sport develops. Although small-mouthed bass are present in numbers in Christina Lake and large- mouthed bass in Duck Lake near Creston, these fish are not popular, and most fishing pressure centres on trout. There is, however, a growing interest in the midwinter fishery for ling in the East Kootenay District and for sturgeon in the Creston area. Both fisheries use non-angling methods—spears for ling and set-lines for sturgeon—necessitating the issuing of special permits by the Game Wardens. Since the number of anglers involved is becoming large, this system is proving unwieldy, and some adjustment to the regulations should be made to accommodate these sports. There is also a midwinter fishery for Rocky Mountain whitefish concentrated on the larger rivers, but the number of followers of this sport is small. Lake Poisoning Three lakes were poisoned in the Kootenay District this year to remove populations of coarse fish. Peckham's Lake near Cranbrook was treated in June to remove a population of suckers and shiners. This lake was found to be non-toxic in October and was restocked with Kamloops trout. Erie and Rosebud Lakes near Salmo were poisoned in late October on an experimental basis to determine the effects of smaller concentrations of poison on coarse fish in lakes with a low dissolved-solid content. Concentrations of one part per million have proven unsatisfactory in some lakes in that the lakes remained toxic for too long a period. Rosebud Lake was treated at one-half part per million, and indications are that the shiner population was completely destroyed. Erie Lake was treated with one-quarter part per million to remove a population of shiners, suckers, squawfish, and chub. Although some suckers took three weeks to die, there is evidence that a good, if not complete, kill was obtained. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 33 Investigation into Stocking Needs Using the new stocking formula based on dissolved-solid content of the water and the length of shore-line, the number of fish placed in various Kootenay waters has been revised considerably. The work of obtaining water samples and the necessary data for compiling stocking lists was continued throughout the year. Coarse-fish populations are prevalent throughout many of the most popular fishing and resort areas of the Kootenays. Where it is impractical to plan on eliminating these fish with poison, stocking yearling trout might be helpful in increasing returns to the angler. Windermere Lake is a notable example of the need for such management. Pollution Control Most of the stream pollutions in the Kootenay District are the result of mill tailings from mining operations. Due to the drop in the price of base metals, many mills have closed, resulting in a marked improvement in the pollution situation. The few mills that have remained operating have co-operated in impounding their tailings. This year saw final work on the large impoundment of the Canadian Exploration Company at Salmo, enlargement of the impoundment area of the Marysville fertilizer plant which proved to be inadequate last year, and the construction of a large sawdust-burner at the Big Bend Lumber Company at Nakusp to curb the sawdust and driftwood problem there. An impoundment for the new Mineral King mine at Invermere is being constructed. Unless unforeseen problems arise, there should be no major pollutions in the Kootenay District in 1955. Surveys in Connection with Dams A preliminary investigation of the area to be flooded by the proposed Mica Creek dam was conducted during August and October. Observations were carried out on the flooding at Whatshan Lake and the tree-clearing operation there, and on the lake formed by the Waneta Dam at Trail. It seems that this type of investigation will become common in the Kootenay District if plans for several dams on the Kootenay and Columbia Rivers are realized. Development of Rod and Gun Club Activity in Fisheries Work Through numerous meetings with rod and gun clubs it has become evident that these organizations are keenly interested in assisting in fisheries work wherever they are able to help. This help has expressed itself in the past with club-operated rearing-ponds for fish. Under the present organized system of stocking, this activity often leads to confusion and poor management and takes emphasis away from more worth-while projects. Clubs have been discouraged from rearing-pond work and, instead, encouraged to clear trails into lakes with poor access, clear streams of obstructions, build dams to prevent re-entry of coarse fish into poisoned lakes, develop junior fishing areas, and assist in poisoning and other large projects. Notable in this work so far has been the construction of fish-barriers at Peckham's and Erie Lakes, operation of a coarse-fish trap in the Little Bull River, development of a picnic-ground and children's fishing area on Cottonwood Lake near Nelson, the clearing of the shores of Inonoaklin Lake near Needles, and the clearing of the sole spawning- stream in Snowshoe Lake near Edgewood of obstructions. Rearing-ponds already in existence were operated by clubs at Fernie, Invermere, Premier Lake, and New Denver. Under construction or in the planning stage at the present time is a fish-ladder at Premier Lake, spawning-ground improvement at Jewel Lake, a fish-pond and park for children at Rossland, and several trail-clearing projects. J 34 BRITISH COLUMBIA HATCHERIES DIVISION I. Barrett, Division Fisheries Biologist The year 1954 saw continuing progress in the reassessment and modernization of the British Columbia Game Commission's hatchery programme. The activities of the Hatcheries Division were, as usual, widespread and varied. The following report tells of much of the work done in 1954, and the significance of some of this in relation to future problems. During 1954 the Game Department operated four permanent and five summer hatcheries. The location, superintendents, functions, and species handled at these hatcheries is given in Table I. Table I Hatchery and Location Officer in Charge Functions Species Handled in 1954 Puntledge (Courtenay)-- J. D. Inverarity Permanent station; fry, finger- ling, and yearling liberations Steelhead, cut-throat, Kamloops. Smiths Falls (Cultus Lake) F. Pells- Permanent station; fingerling and Steelhead, cut-throat, Kamloops, yearling liberations; cut-throat cohoe. brood stock Summerland (Summerland) D. R. Hum - Permanent station; fry, finger- Kamloops, eastern brook, steel ling, and yearling liberations; head, lake trout. training-school Nelson (Nelson) E. H. Hunter Permanent station; fingerling and Kamloops, eastern brook, koka- yearling liberations nee. Kamloops. fry and fall fingerlings Lloyd's Creek (Kamloops) F. H. Martin Summer station; egg collections; fry distributions Kamloops. Summer station; egg collections; fry distributions Kamloops. Penask Lake (Merritt)— E. M. Martin..— Summer station; egg collections; fry distributions Kamloops. Cranbrook (Cranbrook) J. W. Bayley Summer station; egg collections; liberation of fry and fall fingerlings Cut-throat, Kamloops. As can be seen from Table I, seven species of fish were handled during the past year. The breakdown on the numbers and total weights of each species handled is given in Table II. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 Table II J 35 Species Eggs Stripped Eggs Shipped or Planted Numbers of Fish Distributed Pounds of Fish Distributed Puntledge Hatchery 50,000 85,000 23,000 68,000 90,000 54,000 2,500 625,000 20,000 5,000 190,000 150,000 195 445 880 Smiths Falls Hatchery 75,000 200,000 73,000 2,210 3,555 3,910 510,000 60 Summerland Hatchery 4,620 70 140 Nelson Hatchery 1,660 145,000 5,000 1,875,000 3,225,000 2,530,000 300 Loon Hatchery 55,000 1,375,000 2,695,000 2,300,000 540,000 390,000 380,000 175,000 368,000 250,000 590 Lloyd's Creek Hatchery 110 Beaver Hatchery 105 Penask Hatchery 50 Cranbrook Hatchery 195 285,000 75 A small percentage of the eggs and fish handled during 1954 were received from sources outside of the Province, or were shipped to points outside of the Province, or were sold to private persons within the Province. Fish shipments into the Province included 100,000 eyed steelhead-trout eggs and 100,000 steelhead fingerlings, through the courtesy of the Washington State Department of Game. Fish shipments outside of the Province are shown in Table III. Table III Source Destination Numbers Description Charge 2,000,000 100,000 100,000 165,000 200 Eyed KT eggs Eyed KT eggs Eyed KT eggs Eyed KT eggs KT yearlings $1.50 perM. Lloyd's Creek Lloyd's Creek Ecuador Department of Economic Recuperation- Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources- $3.00 per M. Trade for LT eggs. Trade for early KT eggs. KT=Kamloops trout; LT:=Lake trout. Other handlings of fish outside of routine lake stockings included twenty sales to private individuals, ranging in price from $2 to $800. In this connection it should be noted that the number of inquiries from private individuals to purchase trout either to use in ornamental ponds or to establish fish-hatcheries rose sharply during the past year. This has led to a reconsideration of the Game Commission's policy toward the sale of surplus eggs or fish. It has been decided that, wherever possible, sales of fish to private individuals for any purpose be strongly discouraged, and that any surplus be sold at cost or traded for other species to government agencies only. J 36 BRITISH COLUMBIA Two ponds exclusively reserved for children's fishing were also stocked by the Game Department last year. Poison's Pond, located at Vernon and supervised by the Vernon Rod and Gun Club, received 1,000 catchable-size Kamloops trout. A pool at Oliver, supervised by the Canadian Legion, was stocked with 500 catchable-size Kamloops trout. The great majority of eggs and fish handled during 1954, however, were liberated into the lakes and streams of British Columbia. The number of trout planted into a specific body of water was based on four factors: (1) Miles of shore-line of the lake; (2) mineral content of the water; (3) spawning facilities; and (4) accessibility of the lake. While these factors have as yet not been determined for every lake stocked, the fist is growing and should shortly be complete. The lists of waters to be stocked are drawn up by the regional fisheries biologists as part of the general fisheries-management programme. Wherever possible, liberations have been and will be of fish which have been marked by having a fin removed. This policy of setting up a general standard for liberations is a new departure in the stocking methods of the British Columbia Game Department. Improvements, both in facilities for fish and living conditions for staff, were made at nearly all of the hatcheries. A new dam and an automatic water-screening device was built at the Smiths Falls Hatchery. In addition, the interior of the hatchery was lined and the bachelor's living-quarters have been improved. At Summerland a new food- preparation room has been constructed and has been supplied with new food-grinding and food-mixing units. Five new double plywood troughs have been constructed to a design developed at the hatchery. The exterior of the Nelson Hatchery has been completely repainted and the interior has been lined. New plywood troughs are in the process of manufacture. The living-quarters at the Loon Creek Hatchery have been rebuilt and newly decorated. A hot-water system and washroom facilities have also been installed there. At the Lloyd's Creek Hatchery the telephone-line was completed and put into operation during the past year. General improvements were made to the living-quarters there. The hatchery troughs and the facilities at the Beaver Lake Hatchery have all been consolidated into one unit. New plywood troughs were also built at this hatchery. No major changes were made to the Penask Hatchery, but routine general maintenance was continued. Major improvements were made to the Cranbrook Hatchery grounds, including new driveways, the construction of retaining-walls, and the seeding of lawn areas. Routine maintenance was the order of the year at the Puntledge Park Hatchery during 1954. A major feature of 1954 was the meeting of all hatchery personnel at the Summer- land Hatchery in October. For the first time in the history of the Hatcheries Division, a two-day technical session for all employees was held. Discussions covered trout biology, artificial fertilization, trout diseases, measuring, feeding, and other technical and administrative problems. The meeting was characterized by the high level of active participation and group discussion and will undoubtedly be continued as an annual function. Other general activities of the year were varied. The purchase of trout-food has been relieved of many complexities by placing blanket orders with the suppliers and then making the hatchery superintendent responsible for his own supply under the purchase order. Several outbreaks of disease were encountered during the year, and all but one were successfully treated. Both the stock-pile of drugs and the experience in their use is growing. Routine prophylactic treatments of the fish with the chemical Roccal have been introduced as a disease preventive. In an attempt to reduce fry-losses during liberations, experiments have been undertaken using the hypnotic drug sodium amytal. The results to date have been encouraging. Two aluminium fry-cans were made and used during the past year. Their lightness and convenience have been a boon on liberations involving back-packing. The new hatchery report forms have proven themselves in providing an accurate measure of the activities of both fish and men at each of the hatcheries. Consequently these forms have not been altered. The Manual of Game Fish Culture, which outlines REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 37 hatchery procedures, was revised in late 1954, when some changes in methodology and procedures were made to bring the manual up to date. Copies were distributed to all hatchery personnel. The in-service training programme for probationary employees continued at the Summerland Hatchery. One probationer spent the 1953-54 winter season there, and the second is in training there now. Staffs at both the Smiths Falls and the Summerland Hatcheries were increased from two to three men in order to cope with the greater volume of fish being handled at these hatcheries. There was one retirement in the latter part of last year and one new appointment. Greater numbers of fishermen, increasing fishing pressures, and changing fishing habits necessitated changes in the role of some of the present hatcheries. The Smiths Falls Hatchery is being converted almost entirely to steelhead production. Steelhead eggs have been supplied to date by the Washington State Game Department, but plantings are being made which should provide a local source of eggs by the spring of 1956. A cut-throat trout brood stock at this hatchery supplied any cut-throat trout requirements on the Lower Mainland. Negotiations are in progress to purchase property adjacent to the Summerland Hatchery so that additional ponds may be built for the rearing of more yearling Kamloops trout. Plans for an improved water system at the Nelson Hatchery are on the drawing- board now. This new water system will allow a greatly increased number of yearling trout to be raised for liberation in the West Kootenay area. In conjunction with this, a brood stock of winter-spawning trout is in the process of being established at this hatchery. This will provide early eggs and give the fish a longer growing period before liberation. The Beaver Lake and Penask Lake Hatcheries have been designated as the major Kamloops trout egg sources. As a result of this, no eggs will be taken at the Lloyd's Creek Hatchery this year. Lloyd's Creek, however, will continue to serve as a distribution centre. An experimental collection of early eggs will be made at the Loon Creek Hatchery, and a pilot run of fish will be made there during the coming winter to determine the feasibility of a permanent year-round hatchery in the South Cariboo. In summary, it may be seen that the activities of the Hatcheries Division have been indeed widespread and varied. The programme of the past year has placed emphasis on two phases of hatchery management. There has been, firstly, a stream-lining and modernization of the procedures and practices in the hatcheries of the Province and a marked trend toward standardization of these procedures and practices. Secondly, there has been an active consideration of the roles of the various hatcheries and the functions they must fulfil to meet the changing demands of fisheries management in the coming years. A continuing critical approach to all functions of the Hatcheries Division is the best assurance of an efficient fish-cultural programme. PROTECTION DIVISION R. G. McMynn, Division Fisheries Biologist Introduction During 1952 to 1954 a great deal of the work of the Protection Division was channelled into obtaining the confidence and co-operation of industrial and private concerns. In the past these concerns often utilized certain of the Province's natural resources, with little or no regard to other interests, such as the effects on sport-fish values. This work, although essential and of fundamental importance, produced very little in the way of tangible results. However, it is now beginning to yield dividends. The year 1954-55 appears to have been the turning-point. Some of the larger industrial, mining, and lumbering undertakings are now working with the Game Commission, often seeking their advice and following their recommendations. New legislation—that is, Bill No. 47—has undoubtedly strengthened the Commission's hand, but the tedious groundwork of the co-operative approach and the consequent gratifying results did not occur overnight. r J 38 BRITISH COLUMBIA The placement of three regional fishery biologists has been a most important factor in the attempt to sell the principles and methods of sport-fish protection. These regional men can and have, through repeated personal contact, convinced many industrial concerns that they have a responsibility to fulfil in the protection and conservation of wildlife values threatened by their varied projects. As a matter of fact, the benefits of multiple use are not always one sided. Many industrial developments have discovered that their operations become more thriving because of the public goodwill created by the company's interest in the well-being of the community and the local recreational demands. The following summary of the activities of this Division during the past year exemplifies the preceding remarks. Water Licences Nine hundred and fourteen water-licence applications were reviewed in 1954. Approximately one-third of this number required field investigations, and of these, eleven were officially objected to. In each case involving an official objection, concessions were granted for the protection of sport-fish interests. In attempting to have wildlife and sport-fish interests recognized as legitimate water-users, the Game Commission applied for minimum water-flows on two important trout-producing rivers where water-use conflicts were beginning to arise. One was made on the Nanaimo River on Vancouver Island and the other on the Salmon River in the Langley district on the Lower Mainland. The applications have not yet been clarified or granted, and in both cases objections were recorded. As a result of the complexities of the present water-allocation system, which is based on prior rights, especially as it affects wildlife and fisheries interests, a comprehensive brief entitled " British Columbia's Water Use Policy and Sport Fish Interests " was prepared and submitted to the Deputy Attorney-General. It is anticipated that this brief will form the basis for and precipitate a joint meeting of all interested government agencies together with the Water Rights Branch. Until this important problem is reviewed and the position of the wildlife values clarified, it is inevitable that the wildlife resource of the Province will be jeopardized. Pollutions In 1954 several major pollution problems were successfully abated. Only the larger ones will be briefly mentioned here as the reports of the regional biologists will review the pollutions within their various districts. Luckakuck Creek near Chilliwack has been polluted for many years as a result of waste emptied into the creek from the operations of the Fraser Valley Milk Producers' Co-operative Association utility plant at Sardis. This year the above company expended nearly $40,000 for the construction of a steel pipe-line which now conveys the waste to the junction of the Chilliwack River. Should the additional dilution provided at this point prove inadequate to absorb the pollution load within the next year or so, the pipe- fine will be extended to the Fraser River. Luckakuck Creek has now cleared up and, following stocking, will once again produce many hours of fishing pleasure for local anglers. Atchelitz Creek, also near Chilliwack, has been polluted for many years by the activities of Canada Packers Limited. The creek, especially during the canning season, has long been the focus for many complaints. In 1954 screens and settling-tanks were installed at the outfall, but these failed to achieve the desired results. Consequently the company was requested to install a spray-irrigation system to treat its wastes. This system should be in operation in the spring of 1955. The impoundment area for gypsum wastes from the Marysville fertilizer plant near Kimberley has been greatly improved during the past year, and, as a result, the St. Mary River is running clear and free from gypsum wastes. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 39 Canadian Exploration at Salmo has now completed plans and commenced construction of a large impoundment area for mill-wastes from its operations. These tailings were formerly dumped directly into the Salmo River. The summer of 1955 should see this beautiful river once again running clean and clear. Several lumber-mills have been requested during 1954 to install burners and clean up situations which had caused numerous local complaints. Most notable in this regard has been the clean-up of the Big Bend Lumber Company in the West Kootenay. Through the medium of checking all water licences, many pollutions have been averted before they actually occurred; for this reason alone, the review of water licences has been a most valuable tool in the protection of sport-fish interests in the Province. Obstructions During 1954 fish screens or barriers were installed at the outlet of Beaver Lake near Kelowna and at the outlet of Chimney Lake near Williams Lake. Fish-ladders were built over the Skaha Lake dam near Penticton and over a dam on the East Barriere River. A temporary dam was constructed on Eastern Creek (Ootsa Lake) pending the building of a permanent structure in 1955. Surveys, plans, and specifications for a concrete fish-ladder on Mission Creek (Kelowna) have been completed. In 1954 almost $2,000 was paid out in consulting fees for the services of engineers in making initial engineering surveys and in the drawing-up of plans for our various projects. Fortunately these services were supplied at very reasonable rates by engineers from the Federal Department of Fisheries who worked during their regular holidays with the Game Commission. Without this source of professional help, consulting fees would have been at least three times as high. The necessity for the employment of a permanent engineer on our own staff is becoming increasingly more important each year. Close liaison was maintained with the Department of Fisheries during the year in dealing with several major industrial developments in the Province. In this respect, fish-protective facilities and minimum flows were guaranteed in the Cheakamus River, Seton Creek, Jones Creek, and Okanagan flood-control project. Reservoir clearing was achieved in the case of Fourth Nanaimo Lake and Jones Lake. It is anticipated that similar results will be achieved in the Cheakamus project. Preliminary surveys have been undertaken on the Mica Creek project on the Columbia River, and a comprehensive survey completed on Murtle Lake. In both cases, attempts were made to evaluate the effects of a dam on fisheries interests. The reports of both these surveys are on file with the British Columbia Game Commission. The outlook for 1955 seems bright. Industry is beginning to work with us, and gains are being made in fish-protection work which were unheard of several years ago. Capilano River E. H. Vernon, Assistant Fisheries Biologist The construction by the Greater Vancouver Water District of Cleveland Dam on Capilano River for domestic-water storage was started in 1951. This 300-foot dam will become operational in the spring of 1955. As this structure presents many hazards to the runs of steelhead trout and cohoe salmon, the Game Commission, in co-operation with the Federal Department of Fisheries, has expended much effort in formulating plans to ensure preservation of these fish. In 1951 plans were completed for the trapping of adult fish below the dam and their transport and release in the river above the reservoir area. In 1952 and 1953 permanent concrete and steel trapping facilities, as well as a 600-gallon tank-truck, were constructed by the Greater Vancouver Water District. In July, 1954, construction of Cleveland Dam had proceeded to the point where it was a complete obstruction, and, therefore, these facilities for the transport of up-stream migrants were put into operation. J 40 BRITISH COLUMBIA A study of operational procedures was made by Departmental technical personnel, and the Greater Vancouver Water District was given advice on these matters. The operation of the facilities will continue to receive close attention from our fisheries personnel. By the end of January, 1955, 3,000 cohoe and fifty steelhead had been successfully transported above the dam. The problem of ensuring adequate escapement of young seaward migrants through the reservoir and over the dam has also received much study from Game Commission and Federal Fisheries personnel. Up to and including the year 1954 these migrants have not been obstructed by the dam, and in the years 1952 to 1954 the characteristics of the normal down-stream migration have been investigated. By capturing, marking, releasing, and recapturing native down-stream migrant steelhead and cohoe, much information has been acquired on the period of migration, the numbers of each species migrating, the size of migrants, and their rate of down-stream movement. These data will form a basis for assessing the effects of Cleveland Dam when it becomes operational this year. Ten thousand steelhead and 2,500 cohoe of migrant size were provided by Game Commission hatcheries for use in studying down-stream migration. Most of these fish survived the various traps used in the investigation, and thus will contribute to stocks of fish in Capilano River. During 1955 and 1956 the Game Commission and the Federal Department of Fisheries will co-operate in an extensive investigation of the effects of Cleveland Dam on down-stream migrants. The work of previous years on native fish will continue, but a direct attack on the question of spillway mortality will also be carried out. It is planned to release large numbers of hatchery fish of migrant size directly into the spillway. Samples of these will be recovered in the river below, and mortalities under various conditions will be calculated. From these investigations it is hoped the following results will ensue:— (1) Factual and quantitative information on the effects of Cleveland Dam on the seaward migration of steelhead and cohoe. This information will be used as a basis for recommending any necessary remedial measures. (2) Information which may be applied in the planning of similar dams on other streams containing anadromous fish. RESEARCH DIVISION Dr. C. C. Lindsey, Division Fisheries Biologist The principal project of the Research Division in 1954 was the expansion and continuation of the study of Kamloops trout spawning at Loon Lake near Clinton in the Southern Cariboo District. The object of this study is to gain as much knowledge as possible concerning the behaviour of both young and adult trout in currents by an intensive investigation at one location over a period of several years. Because trout spawn at Loon Lake and at many other localities in British Columbia in both inlet and outlet streams, it follows that young trout hatching in the two streams must swim in opposite directions if they are to reach the lake. By studying the factors producing this opposite reaction to current, it is hoped to be able to predict and perhaps control the reaction of trout at power dams, irrigation cut-offs, streams subject to seasonal drought, and other similar areas now presenting problems in fish management. The possibility of two genetically distinct races of trout—inlet and outlet spawners—must also be explored, for if such races exist they should be recognized in hatchery practice. The Loon Lake study was started in 1953. By the fall of 1954 a four-man camp was established near Loon Lake, with wall tents with wooden flooring, storage and cooking facilities. Five fences have been completed on the outlet stream and one on the inlet stream, each constructed to catch and hold trout of all sizes moving in either direction. Adult trout have been marked with numbered celluloid disks attached just REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 41 ahead of the dorsal fin. Younger trout have been marked by various combinations of fin-clipping, so that when recaptured later their original place of capture will be known. This programme of intensive marking will, if carried out over several years, answer such questions as whether trout always return to spawn at the same stream, whether trout hatched in the outlet invariably return to the outlet to lay their eggs, whether young trout leave the streams to enter the lake in their first year of life, and so forth. Already some 12,000 trout have been tagged over a two-year period. Over 2,000 of these tagged fish have been subsequently recaptured in traps or by anglers on Loon Lake. A large body of information is therefore at hand on movements of adult fish, time taken to spawn, growth rates, and mortality rates. In order to analyse all this material, data on each fish have been placed on punch-cards for rapid sorting and calculation. Roughly 25,000 young trout have also been marked by fin-clipping. Fish marked in 1953 as yearlings (1-year-olds) will probably return in large numbers as adults in the spawning run of 1955. Already in 1954 several dozen such fish were recovered in the spawning run as precocious males or " jacks." The total number of recaptures as adults of these fish marked when young will provide an estimate of the total number of fish in the lake. The number of fish taken from Loon Lake in 1953 was estimated as follows: Resort- owners co-operated by keeping record-books and leaving record-cards in their cabins for anglers to fill in. From these records of numbers of hours fished and numbers of fish caught, an average catch per hour's fishing was calculated for each summer month. The total number of hours fished each month was estimated from daily counts of the number of boats fishing on the lake (a figure recorded each time the Game Department truck drove along Loon Lake between the two ends). From these figures the total anglers' catch in 1953 was estimated at roughly 36,000 trout. This probably represents only a small proportion of the total number of fish present in the lake. Records of trout entering the inlet and outlet streams to spawn show striking differences. The outlet spawning run begins in March before ice has left the lake. The peak of the outlet run is in mid-April, after which a sharp drop-off occurs; almost no adults enter the outlet to spawn after May. The spawning run in the inlet stream occurs later; the peak is in mid-June, and a few adults are still spawning there in July. The average time spawning fish spend in the streams decreases as the season advances. From recoveries of tagged fish it appears that trout entering the outlet to spawn in March do not return to the lake for roughly six weeks, while trout entering in May may spawn and return within two weeks. A similar decrease in average spawning time is shown by late spawners in the inlet creek. In both creeks, males spend longer in the stream than do females. Trout are frequently badly scarred and exhausted after spawning. Inlet spawners can return to the lake in this condition by simply dropping down-stream with the current, while exhausted outlet spawners must recuperate sufficiently to swim up-stream to regain the lake. Accordingly, records suggest that outlet spawners spend more time in the stream than do inlet spawners. Furthermore, the condition of spent fish moving through traps from the inlet stream into the lake is on the average much poorer than the condition of spent fish caught on their way up-stream from the outlet. Mortality amongst spawners is extremely high in Loon Lake; probably fewer than one fish in ten survive to spawn a second time. Such mortality is probably not characteristic of all British Columbia lakes; in Loon Lake it may account in part for the absence of large fish. Factors producing high mortality are not at present known, but they are probably not unrelated to the very large population. Limitations on the food-supply and perhaps other factors in any lake allow either a large population or large fish, but not both. Temperature-recorders, flow-meters, rain-gauges, and other apparatus were used to try to relate behaviour of trout to such factors as temperature or weather. In the inlet J 42 BRITISH COLUMBIA stream young trout descended toward the lake in very large numbers shortly after they hatched. As many as 10,000 fry were counted down-stream in one day. Hourly observations conducted over several days and nights showed that this down-stream movement occurred almost entirely at night, the peak movement corresponding to the darkest period. Perhaps small trout in the inlet stream hold their position during daylight by sighting on near-by objects; in darkness no objects are visible to " fix " on, and trout slip downstream with the current. An experiment with artificial light supported this theory. As long as a gas lantern was hung over the creek above the trap, no fish descended at night. When the light was removed, fry moved down into the trap in large numbers. In the outlet stream, behaviour of young trout proved to be quite different. Here newly hatched fry did not move downstream. Instead, they apparently held their positions for several months. The most likely environmental factor producing this behaviour difference in inlet and outlet is temperature; the outlet stream drains off the warm surface water of Loon Lake and usually has a higher temperature than the inlet. Various lines of evidence suggest that at higher temperature the behaviour of trout fry is altered in such a way as to prevent their moving down-stream in darkness. Possibly in warm water fry sink to the bottom or move into the shallows at night. Further experiments are planned to test these theories. After trout in the outlet have grown for some months, they move up-stream into the lake. Some do so late in their first year of life, while many spend the winter in the stream and do not move up-stream until the following year. Up-stream movement occurs during the daylight and is most marked when water temperature is rising. While the details are still unknown, research at Loon Lake has already shown the general pattern of the life-history of Kamloops trout spawning in the inlet and outlet. Behaviour in the two streams can evidently be related to a few external factors, notably temperature, light, and current. Before these findings can be applied to fisheries-management problems, experiments must be conducted which require more constant conditions than are available in a field study. Therefore, an artificial stream is to be constructed by Game Department personnel at the Institute of Fisheries at the University of British Columbia. Temperature, light, and water-flow will be controllable, and trout of various sizes will be studied. Preliminary experiments have already been conducted at the University by Dr. W. S. Hoar in the spring of 1954. This project, which will take several years to complete, should eventually allow prediction of the effect on young trout of irrigation-ditches, power-dams, and allied obstructions. Adult trout cannot be readily studied in the laboratory. The Loon Lake research will continue with emphasis on life-history of the adults. Observations are also planned for other areas to determine to what extent the Loon Lake findings are applicable elsewhere. A separate line of research during 1954 concerned the study of the distribution of various species of fresh-water fishes in British Columbia. Need for work in this direction is shown by the fact that four species of fish not previously known to occur in the Province were collected during the year. A reconnaissance along the John Hart and Alaska Highways provided much new material; three species were recorded for the first time in British Columbia, the known ranges of several others were considerably extended, and information was gathered on the possible sport-fishing potential of the north-eastern quarter of the Province. Over forty new collections of fishes were deposited in the Institute of Fisheries for cataloguing and study. An unknown type of sucker was collected from the Fraser River near Prince George. The known ranges of several types of minnows were greatly expanded. In Stave Lake a number of rare hybrids between two different types of minnows were collected. A study was carried out near Clinton on the life-history of the lake chub, a small fish which may be an important source of food for sport fish. Another study was made on the factors controlling the size of food taken by young Kamloops trout. An investi- REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 43 gation was begun on methods of accurately distinguishing cut-throat and Kamloops trout at all stages of their development. Investigations are also proceeding on the mass marking of hatchery-reared trout as a means of evaluating their contribution to the sport fishery. During 1954 a twenty-minute colour moving picture entitled " Trout Research " was prepared for loan to game clubs and other interested organizations. A second film describing the poisoning of coarse fish is in preparation. Lake Surveys T. G. Northcote, Assistant Fisheries Biologist In 1949 the British Columbia Game Department began a limnological reconnaissance of British Columbia lakes. The investigation was primarily concerned with determination of the morphometry, readily obtainable physical and chemical characteristics, and standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna, and fish of lakes in the accessible areas of the Province. When the survey was terminated in 1953, over 100 lakes had been investigated, ranging geographically between Vancouver Island and the Alberta border in the south, and between Prince Rupert and Fort St. John in the north. An attempt has been made to relate the standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna, and fish with physical and chemical characteristics of the lake waters. Furthermore, the lakes have been grouped together into recognized physiographic divisions, and then examined to present differences in limnological productivity which exist in these regions. The factors affecting lake productivity have been grouped into three major divisions —dissolved nutrients, basin morphology, and climate. The independent effects of each of these has been considered in relation to standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna, and fish. An indication of the dissolved nutrients present in the lake waters was obtained by measuring their content of total dissolved solids. The amount of plankton taken in total vertical samples appeared to be related to the dissolved-solid content of the lakes. In lakes where the nutrient content was below 50 p.p.m. (parts per million) settled volumes of plankton never exceeded 4.5 ml. and averaged less than 1.5 ml. Above 50 p.p.m. the mean amounts of plankton rose gradually, exceeding 3.5 ml. at 300 p.p.m. In some cases quantities in excess of 10 ml. were recorded. However, much variation was evident in volumes of plankton within this 50-300 p.p.m. range of dissolved solids, and occasionally samples were as low as those found in lakes with a content below 50 p.p.m. The bottom fauna showed a similar trend toward greater abundance in lakes of higher dissolved-solid content. Bottom organisms were scarce (0 to 5 per sample) in lakes ranging between 4 to 165 p.p.m. dissolved solids, but abundant (over 25 per sample) in lakes whose dissolved solids were above 130 p.p.m. Higher weights of fish were caught with standard overnight gill-net sets in lakes whose dissolved solids were also high. In lakes between 50 and 300 p.p.m., catches were often in excess of 20,000 gms. of fish, although there was even greater variability than found in plankton quantities. With one exception, less than 4,000 gms. of fish per set were caught in lakes where the T.D.S. (total dissolved solids) were below 50 p.p.m. Mean depth obtained by dividing the volume of a lake by its surface area was used as a measure of favourable or unfavourable lake-basin shape. Previous studies have shown that low mean depths were generally associated with high productivity and vice versa. At mean depths up to 50 feet, a wide range in standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna, and fish was found in the lakes. A trend toward lower productivity was evident in lakes with mean depth over 50 feet. Annual duration and intensity of the growing season was the only climatic factor assessed independently. The most important effects of precipitation were considered to be reflected in the total dissolved-solid content of the lake waters. The number of degrees by which the mean daily air temperature exceeded 50° F. was taken as an index of J 44 BRITISH COLUMBIA climatic favourability. There appeared to be no relation between annual values of this index and the standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna, or fish in the lakes. British Columbia may be divided into eight major physiographic regions. One of these, the Interior Plateau, has been further subdivided into four areas for convenient discussion of limnological productivity. The lakes on the Vancouver Island mountain region are all low in total dissolved solids, and have steep, deep basins. Standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna, and fish all appear low in these lakes. Lakes of the coastal trench, which include those on the south-east margin of Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands, and low-lying area about the Fraser River up to Hope, are generally higher in dissolved-solid content and possess more shallow lake basins than those of the former region. Lakes of the coastal trench tend to show higher levels of productivity than those found in the Vancouver Island mountains, but a few are equally as low. Lakes in the coastal mountainous region are similar in dissolved-solid content and basin shape to those in the Vancouver Island mountainous region. Levels of productivity are likewise comparable. Three subdivisions of the Interior Plateau are characterized by lakes of similar physical and chemical features; productivity in these regions is also similar. Many lakes in the valleys and low plateau (below 3,000 feet elevation) of the Southern Interior, Central Interior (Merritt to Williams Lake), and Northern Interior have relatively high dissolved-solid content but moderate to low mean depths. Productivity appears to be high in the majority of lakes in these regions. Lakes above 3,000 feet elevation in the Southern Interior Plateau are generally low in dissolved solids. The lake basins are most often shallow. A wide range in levels of productivity is evident in these lakes, but in general it seems to be lower than in the other three subdivisions of the Interior Plateau. Lakes in the Columbia mountain region are found in a roughly triangular block of land, the base of which stretches from the mountains east of the Okanagan Valley to the western edge of the Rocky Mountain trench, the apex of which stretches north almost to 54th parallel of latitude. The region includes a great diversity of lakes, many of those occupying valley trenches being deep, low to moderate in dissolved solids, and never as highly productive as many of the Interior Plateau lakes. The Rocky Mountain trench, flanked on the west by the Purcell and Selkirk Ranges of the Columbia mountain system, and on the east by the sharply rising Rockies, presents an anomalous group of lakes. All have relatively high dissolved solids (above 180 p.p.m.) and low mean depths. However, the standing crops of plankton, bottom fauna, and fish are low in five of the six lakes investigated. Further study will be needed to clarify the causes of apparent low productivity of lakes in this region. Only two lakes were surveyed in the Rocky Mountain system—one in the southern limit of the mountains in British Columbia and one in the north, west of Dawson Creek. Both gave indication of being only moderately productive. Charlie Lake near Fort St. John was the sole representative from the tramontane plains region of British Columbia. It possessed a relatively high dissolved-solid content, a low mean depth, and a high-standing crop of plankton and fish. In summary it would appear that the total dissolved-solid content of lake waters, modified to some extent by mean depth, provides a useful index for determining general levels of biological productivity on a regional basis. However, variation of productivity within a region may be so great as to make these two factors alone of questionable value in predicting the productivity of an individual lake. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 45 Shuswap Lake Investigations D. P. Scott, Assistant Fisheries Biologist Investigations of vital statistics of Kamloops trout in Shuswap Lake, initiated in 1953, were confined to the following aspects in 1954:— (a) Collections were made of trout scale samples for growth-rate and age- composition studies. The number of scale samples collected by resort operators in 1954 was well below that of 1953, excepting the Little River Fishing Camp. The probable reason for this decline was poor tourist trade due to poor weather and much road construction in the Shuswap Lake area. (b) Spot checks of trout stomach contents were made to determine the species of fishes eaten by trout. Only two species were found. Kokanee, Onco- rhynchus nerka kennerlyi, were found in some large trout from the Eagle Bay and Sicamous areas. Cohoe-salmon migrants (O. kisutch) were present in many trout taken in the Little River area during May and June. No sockeye-salmon fry or migrants were discovered, possibly due to the small sizes of the 1952 and 1953 runs. (c) Attempts were made to gill-net trout entering certain inlet streams to spawn, but large quantities of debris made it impossible to hold the nets in position. Spawning trout were observed in the following inlets: Adams, Seymour, Eagle, and Salmon Rivers, and Scotch, Ross, Hunakwa, and Granite Creeks. None were seen in other streams, but in September many trout fry were visible in all streams of any size. (d) A programme of plankton-sampling was initiated on March 1st in cooperation with F. Ward, of the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission. Twice-monthly collections were made at four points in Shuswap Lake, and four subsidiary areas were sampled four times per year. It is hoped that this project will indicate the extent of annual plankton fluctuations which may be correlated with sockeye-salmon abundance. The Adams River sockeye-salmon run of 1954 was one of the largest on record, over 1,500,000 fish spawning in Adams and Little Rivers. During and after the run, many trout were taken by anglers in these areas, and over 900 scale samples were collected by the writer between September 15th and November 15th. In contrast to 1953, when over 60 per cent of the trout stomachs examined from this area were empty, all trout in 1954 were feeding on sockeye-salmon eggs exclusively. Only one insect was found in over 900 stomachs, and the remainder contained from thirty to over 1,000 eggs. During the peak of the salmon run, fishing for trout was very poor due to the high availability of salmon eggs. Plans for the Shuswap Lake investigation in 1955 include: (1) Continued collection of scale samples for population dynamics studies; (2) intensive investigation of trout stomach contents to determine the degree of trout predation on sockeye-salmon fry; (3) investigation of survival of hatchery-reared trout, leading to the use of marked hatchery fish in 1956 for population estimates; (4) survey of South Thompson and Thompson Rivers, leading to sampling the resident trout populations of these rivers in 1956; and (5) continued collection of plankton samples. Other Research Studies Dr. P. A. Larkin, Chief Fisheries Biologist In 1954 several previous investigations were brought to completion in published articles. The redside-shiner studies at Paul Lake were published in the Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. Data from lake surveys provided the basis for an article J 46 BRITISH COLUMBIA on introductions of Kamloops trout in British Columbia lakes in the Canadian Fish Culturist. The steelhead studies of F. P. Maher on the Chilliwack River were presented as a paper at the American Fisheries Society meetings, and this paper has been accepted for publication in the Transactions for 1954, to be published in 1955. Some observations on the use of fish-tox in streams and a review by E. H. Vernon of the effects of heavy metal ions on fish were published in the Canadian Fish Culturist. The group contributed a sketch of recent developments to the Sport Fishing Institute for inclusion in their annual Highlights publication. Several articles were prepared for local distribution. Developing programmes in research included review of steelhead data from various British Columbia rivers, studies of growth rate of Kamloops trout, further investigation of the redside-shiner problem, and detailed studies of fish behaviour. All of these projects give promise of findings of value to future management. Summary During 1954 the Fisheries Management Division began to see results from its major building and organizational programme begun in 1950. The Protection Division has evaluated major problems of the sport fishery that arise from more intensified resource use in the Province. The Research Division has developed some important tools for management. The Hatcheries Division has modernized and implemented a routine for production of fish for planting. Each of these specialized sections has contributed to the programme of the Management Division, particularly for the regional men, whose field activities are beginning to develop. Provided growth of these aspects of our work keeps pace with public demand for more fishing-waters (and there is no great immediate problem), we can remain reasonably optimistic about future sport fishing. REPORT OF THE GAME MANAGEMENT DIVISION By Dr. J. Hatter, Chief Game Biologist INTRODUCTION The year 1954 marked some notable advances in game management in British Columbia. Widespread seasons on cow moose, doe deer, and others on bull elk on Vancouver Island, at McNab Creek, and in the Princeton area marked the beginning of an effort to make better utilization of our big-game resources. The unique season at Vaseaux Lake on California bighorn sheep with minimum three-quarter curl likewise illustrates our objective, and also the willingness on the part of the administration to implement the recommendations of the Game Management Division. Although the either-sex seasons on deer and moose did not result in the desired harvest, they have very definitely changed public attitude. Opposition has been virtually nil, and with the new amendment to the " Game Act " legalizing the shooting of animals under 1 year of age, the deer-management programme should in future include regular antlerless seasons. Whether or not we will be successful in ameliorating the periodic winter mortalities to which our deer and moose are exposed is not certain, but we will at least be able to cherish the thought that much better utilization of the surplus is being made than would have been possible under a buck law. It seems inevitable that inadequate harvests of deer and moose will continue for some time in the less accessible regions of the Province, due not only to the difficulty of access, but also the relatively low hunting pressure in British Columbia at the present time. Even though we may be unable to manage in the sense that this implies hunter control of population size, the added recreational benefits of more liberal seasons are obvious. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 47 It is likely that several years of manipulation of deer and moose seasons will be necessary before maximum yields can be approached. In the face of many years of adhering strictly to seasons on the male sex, it is hardly advisable now to plunge immediately into maximum harvests even if such were possible. A transition period would seem desirable. There is, however, the risk that several consecutive winters producing heavy deer and moose mortality will result in public opposition to a continuance of either-sex seasons. On the other hand, the public relation endeavours of the Game Commission are rapidly producing a much better understanding on the part of our critics, and the real reasons for depressions of population levels in deer and moose are becoming understood by the layman. I am pleased to report that the Game Management Division has assumed an added responsibility in the formulation of the game regulations, and certainly the field staff of game biologists feels that its efforts play a major role in regulation of the annual harvest. Indeed, over the past year our objectives seem to have moved closer, and the likelihood of solving our many problems has become decidedly more encouraging. When appointed, our regional biologists naturally did not have the wisdom and experience they now possess, and it is quite apparent, after only four or five years of service, what a great difference there is in having a more experienced staff. I cannot emphasize too strongly in this regard how important it is to have a permanent personnel contented in their work and not desirous of leaving for positions in the United States or other parts of Canada. Familiarity with local conditions and understanding the complications of public opinion are primary assets in a group as new as the Game Management Division. Perhaps there is a place for " new blood " and new ideas, but this hardly seems applicable at the present time when so much work is being undertaken for the first time, often with no precedent to follow. There can be little doubt but that our regional fieldmen are spread too thinly over this large Province of ours, and that three or four additional game biologists would be quite justified under the present demand for hunting. Up until this year the lack of a biologist in the Kootenays was felt quite considerably, and the appointment there in October of G. W. Smith as game management biologist has made a noticeable difference, not only in the public attitude toward game management, but it has also provided an opportunity to solve the many game problems in the Kootenay District. Due to the lateness in the year of the Kootenay appointment, no report of activities is included in the present Annual Report. Since October, Mr. Smith has been largely occupied in becoming familiar with his district, observing hunter distribution and pressure, and in extensive aerial surveys of the Rocky Mountain trench in connection with the proposed Mica Creek and Libby Dam projects. The need of a game biologist in " D " Division is more noticeable than ever. As we continue to learn more about the southern half of the Province, conditions in the north remain a source of embarrassment and hindrance to an intelligent programme of management. This is particularly true since the northern half of British Columbia seems to be developing out of proportion to the south, and hunting is becoming more popular than ever before. It will be noted that each of the regional game biologists has included herein his own report of major items of work for the year. This seems a preferable way of summarizing the Division's activities and permits a greater variety of presentation. HUNTER SAMPLE The selection of the hunter sample followed the same pattern as that described in the Annual Report for 1953. One difficulty with the sample seems to be the wide limits of accuracy applying to the less common game species and those hunted the least. Moose also fall in this category, and it seems that regional estimates of the kill from the hunter sample are open to a noticeable degree of error. J 48 BRITISH COLUMBIA Summary of the 1954 Harvest of Major Game Species District Ducks Grouse Pheasants Deer Moose 2,500 1,800 76,000 191,000 109,000 26,000 17,000 71,000 8,000 101,000 25,700 11,300 7,000 19,500 19,000 2,500 11,900 7,300 10,200 6,600 Kootenays 500 300 Wells Gray Park 120 Totals 419,000 217,000 48,000 36,000 5,220 There is very little change in the calculated harvests except in the case of grouse, which have shown a notable drop from approximately 359,000 in 1953 to 217,000 in the past year. This has been largely due to the cyclic low in ruffed grouse in the Interior, and also to the fact that weather conditions were not favourable for the production of upland game birds in the spring and summer of 1954. The deer harvest has shown a marked increase. This is due to three causes, namely: More deer, a two-deer limit over the Province, and the either-sex season in November when approximately 7,400 does were taken. The decline in the pheasant harvest from 51,000 to 48,000 is probably related to failures in the spring production due to wet weather. Results of the Economic Survey The hunter survey to determine money spent in pursuit of hunting was divided into three parts: (1) Resident hunters; (2) non-residents hunting in the Cariboo and Chilcotin; and (3) non-residents hunting in the Kootenays and Northern British Columbia. The preliminary survey of resident-hunter expenditures was made in 1954. Twelve thousand questionnaire forms were mailed out to a random sample of British Columbia hunters. Returns were received from approximately 4,000 or about 5 per cent of the 82,000 persons holding hunting licences in 1953. Expenditures were broken down into several items, with the average hunter expenditure as follows:— (1) Transportation $20.00 (2) Guns and ammunition 26.00 (3) Food and lodging 11.00 (4) Packers and guides 1.00 (5) Clothes and camping equipment 7.00 (6) Miscellaneous 5.00 Total $70.00 Hunters in different regions of the Province expended varying amounts, which are listed in the following: — Average Expendlture Vancouver Island $84.00 Mainland Coast 86.00 Lower Mainland 88.00 Interior 59.00 Kootenays 64.00 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 49 Expenditures for British Columbia hunters in this preliminary survey are totalled as follows:— Transportation $1,611,000.00 Guns and ammunition 2,165,000.00 Food and lodging 901,000.00 Guides and packers 100,000.00 Clothing and equipment 598,000.00 Miscellaneous 435,000.00 Total $5,810,000.00 Inasmuch as the figures given may be low, a more comprehensive survey of resident hunters is planned for 1955. Expenditures by Non-resident Hunters in the Cariboo Three thousand one hundred and twelve non-resident general firearms licences were sold in British Columbia in 1953. Approximately one-third of this number hunted in the Cariboo and Chilcotin, primarily for moose. This group spends less money than the hunter of the Rocky Mountain region and Northern British Columbia inasmuch as the stay is shorter and hunting, which does not involve the use of a large string of horses, is usually carried out from the residence of the guide. Average length of stay is eleven days. The average American hunter in this group spent $242 hunting in British Columbia in 1953. The breakdown of the $242 is as follows:— Guide services $190.00 Travelling in British Columbia 52.00 Total $242.00 The estimated 2,500 non-residents in this group spent approximately $600,000 hunting in British Columbia in 1953, exclusive of the cost of licences and trophy fees. Expenditures by Non-resident Hunters in the Kootenays and Northern British Columbia Hunters in this category spent approximately fourteen days in British Columbia, and spent $550 for transportation, guiding fees, and accommodation while in British Columbia. Total expenditures, exclusive of licences and trophy fees, for this group amount to a total of $276,000. Total expenditures, exclusive of licence fees and trophy fees, for all persons hunting in British Columbia is calculated as follows:— Resident hunters (preliminary survey) $5,810,000.00 Non-resident hunters 876,000.00 Total $6,686,000.00 VALUE OF THE FUR RESOURCE On the basis of last year's fur prices, which were lower than for many years, the value of the fur harvest to the trapper was calculated at $728,000. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As mentioned in the 1953 Report, it is of utmost importance that the technical staff of the Game Management Division work in close harmony with the Game Wardens of the Province. I am pleased to report that this past year co-operation between these J 50 BRITISH COLUMBIA two groups has, in general, been excellent. On behalf of the game biologists I wish to extend sincere appreciation to the Divisional Inspectors and Game Wardens who have " pitched in " and helped to strengthen our " team " in the work of game management. LOWER MAINLAND AND SIMILKAMEEN DISTRICTS E. W. Taylor, Regional Game Biologist, Vancouver, B.C. Big Game Deer and Elk Winter Range Survey, Princeton District The forage plots established on the Tulameen and Similkameen River areas in 1952 were abandoned in 1954. It was felt that the time spent in making twig measurements on such a limited number (thirty) of these 1/100-acre plots was not commensurate with the amount and quality of the information they provided. In place of these plots, random line-intercept transects were run on representative portions of the winter range, and the key forage plants were given ocular appraisal and assigned to one of five classes according to degree or intensity of use in each case. Data were obtained from a total of 14,100 feet of random transect and also from classified non-linear random listings of a number of forage plants in certain localities. A summary of the information obtained appears in the following table:— Forage Classification according to Degree of Use for Winter Range Areas about Princeton, June 15th to 19th, 1954 Plant Species Percentage of Plants in— Plants in Area Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Sample Sandhill. Amelanchier sp. 66.6 11.6 10.4 22.4 15.4 4.4 20.4 28.4 20.4 50.0 16.3 22.4 30.8 21.9 31.1 66.6 9.7 30.7 69.2 33.2 53.8 57.0 32.7 5.0 0.9 7.7 4.1 18.4 15.4 13.1 2.4 3.6 1.3 2.7 — Thomas Meadows and Wolfe Creek Hill Salix sp Amelanchier sp Ceonothus sp Salix sp Amelanchier sp Ceonothus sp. Amelanchier sp — — Totals, all areas 4.4 32.0 12.8 22.4 26.0 43.6 61.4 27.4 38.5 11.1 11.8 5.1 0.7 2.8 269 865 39 Class 1—Zero to light use. Class 2—Moderate use. Class 3—Heavy use (Classes 3 to 5 indicate an overuse condition). Class 4—Severe use. Class 5—Dead. From the above analysis of the sample it would appear that, for the areas represented, over 70 per cent of the Amelanchier shrubs, 42 per cent of the Ceonothus shrubs, and 43 per cent of the Salix species were in an overbrowsed condition at this time. On this basis the over-all condition of the winter range as reflected by that of the key forage species shows 53 per cent over use, 31 per cent moderate use, and 16 per cent zero-to-light use. Even though Ceonothus, which constitutes the greatest portion of the sample and is perhaps the most important unit, appears to be in fairly good condition, 42 per cent of it appeared to be overbrowsed and over 12 per cent to a degree which may prohibit plant regeneration. Service-berry (Amelanchier sp.) and upland willow (Salix sp.) are in a poor state on much of the main game concentration areas, except for certain sections in which plant growth is so vigorous and of a height sufficient to place it beyond the availability of most animals. Unfortunately no trend in range state can be readily obtained between the last two years because of difficulties inherent in comparing data from the two different methods of survey. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 51 Elk, Princeton.—From data received from various sources, combined with that from aerial survey, it was apparent that the Princeton elk herd experienced some increase over the preceding year. A total of 113 animals was counted on the census of January, 1954, as compared with 102 counted during the survey of February, 1953. The relatively large concentration of animals on the Thomas Meadows during the winter months subjected the forage to noticeably heavy use in this area. The five-day open season (October 9th to 13th) on bull elk in this district was well attended by hunters from all sections and resulted in a known kill of sixteen elk. Of this number, eleven were bulls legally harvested, four were bulls wounded and later found dead, and one was a cow elk found shot and left. An additional bull, believed killed in a fight prior to the season, was also found. At least seven of the bulls harvested were mature animals, three of which were in the four-point class and four of six points and over. Elk, McNab Creek.—A five-day (November 11th to 15th) open season on bull elk was in effect throughout the Mackenzie Electoral District this year but had apparently little or no success. Few hunters visited the McNab Creek area, and as far as is known none was successful. Mule Deer, Princeton.—The winter of 1953-54 was favourable to deer in this district, and a good carry-over of young animals was noted. Counts made during April 1st to 4th, 1954, involving a classified sample of 254 deer, showed 30.2 per cent of the group to be fawns of the preceding spring. Data pertaining to the 1954 deer harvest were obtained from the Princeton cold- storage plant and from road checks maintained at Flood on the last two week-ends of November. The increase in the kill by Princeton hunters, as is suggested by the locker records, may be partly due to an increase in local deer numbers or may reflect the effect of an increase in the bag-limit to two bucks. Princeton Locker Records of Deer Stored, 1950-54 Season 1950 1951 Number of Deer 130 . 118 Season 1953 1954 Number of Deer 141 180 1952 63 Information gathered from those hunting the South Okanagan, Similkameen, and Kettle River areas was obtained at Flood for the week-ends of November 13th and 14th and November 27th and 28th, 1954. During the latter period, doe deer were open to hunting in certain sections. A summary of the Flood data appears in the following table:— Deer Harvest Data from Road Check at Flood, November 13th and 14th and November 27th and 28th, 1954 November 13th and 14th, 1954 November 27th and 28th, 1954 Area Hunted Number of Hunters Deer Killed Number of Hunters Deer Killed Bucks Does Bucks Does Cariboo 99 16 78 8 12 33 5 9 2 8 3 17 2 88 17 159 8 21 9 108 6 5 4 3 7 1 17 5 9 Olalla-Osoyoos - 2 20 2 Totals 251 39 2 416 42 33 J 52 BRITISH COLUMBIA It will be noted that of the number of hunters returning from the south and east portions of the Province via the Hope-Princeton Highway, only 51 per cent hunted the Princeton-Keremeos area on the week-end of November 13th and 14th during the generally prevailing buck season, and 48 per cent on the week-end of November 27th and 28th, at which time does were also legal game in all areas but Princeton-Keremeos. Hunter success in the latter section, on the basis of the Flood sample, was low (5 per cent) compared with that for the Kettle River district (38 per cent). It was also evident from the sample data that there was no disproportionate harvest of doe deer. The ratio of bucks to does for areas having open season on both sexes was 38:33. Coast Deer.—Gambier Island was visited for the second successive spring during March and April, 1954, and additional evidence of deer mortality was found in the form of carcasses and skeletal remains, all of which were from fawns of the previous spring. Some loss of this juvenile fraction of the population appears to occur annually regardless of how favourable the winter might be for deer survival. Upland Game Birds All species of upland birds appeared to suffer the effects of adverse weather conditions which prevailed during the spring and summer months in this area. Grouse.—The harvest of both blue and willow grouse reflected the poor reproductive season for these species in the Yale-Similkameen and Lower Fraser Valley districts during 1954. Pheasants.—The supplementing of wild stocks of pheasants by the release of farm- reared hens in the spring and cocks in the fall was carried out by this Department in 1954. A summary of the regional distribution of these birds appears elsewhere in the Annual Report. Harvest estimates of pheasants taken during the 1954 season are not yet available, but data obtained through bag-checks made during the season suggest that pheasant- hunting success was below average this year. Cock birds appeared to be fewer in number and generally retarded in plumage development at the time of harvest. It is felt that the unusually cold, wet spring and summer weather was a major factor contributing to the poor production of pheasants in the Fraser Valley, Similkameen, and South Okanagan districts. Clutches were late in hatching and were below average brood size for the season. Chukar Partridge.—Attempts to establish the chukar partridge as a game bird in the South Okanagan and Similkameen districts were continued during 1954. A release of 144 birds sponsored by the Lower Mainland Hungarian Partridge Committee was also made in the Spences Bridge area. Plants of birds were made in the following locations:— March 16th, 1954— Keremeos 106 Okanagan Falls-Oliver 144 April 25th, 1954— Spences Bridge 72 Oregon Jack Creek 72 Little information as to the success of the introductions made to date has been obtained. Surveys about the release-sites in the summer of 1954 disclosed few birds. However, reports from persons resident in the districts suggest that some birds have been successful in rearing broods in the Keremeos and White Lake sections. Public Shooting-grounds During the past year considerable attention has been given to the problem of public shooting-grounds in the Lower Fraser Valley. Crown land, on which hunting might be freely pursued by the public, forms but a small portion of the valley area. The encroach- REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 53 ment of urbanization and industrial development on the remaining unalienated acreages of foreshore and insular lands constitutes a real threat to the future of waterfowl wintering areas and public hunting-grounds, particularly in the Fraser River delta regions. The British Columbia Game Department, in an attempt to ensure the continuance of a valuable natural resource, has taken active measures to acquire certain Crown lands important to the welfare of migratory game birds and public hunting. Acknowledgments Work during the past year has been greatly assisted by the co-operation received from all Game Wardens and many other interested persons. I would like to express my thanks to Game Warden A. F. Gill for his untiring efforts in connection with the collection of material and information pertaining to deer, elk, and other species in his district. I am also indebted to Game Wardens L. R. Lane, H. D. Mulligan, and B. Wilson for help on black-tailed deer surveys. Considerable data pertaining to pheasants and waterfowl received during the summer and fall seasons from Game Wardens W. H. Cameron, A. J. Butler, F. Urquhart, P. Cliffe, H. P. Hughes, and R. King were much appreciated. SOUTH CENTRAL INTERIOR P. W. Martin, Regional Game Biologist, Kamloops, B.C. The area of responsibility of the regional game biologist of the South Central Interior may be roughly described as those portions of the central valleys and plateau country south of 100 Mile House to the American border. Big Game Moose.—Moose are undoubtedly the most important big-game animal in the district. They provide much recreation and meat for the resident hunter and, as the prime attraction for the visiting sportsmen, support a valuable tourist trade which adds appreciably to the economy of the Cariboo District. Accordingly, during the year quite a large proportion of my time was spent in working on various phases of moose management. Range appraisals were made in the spring of 1954 to ascertain the present state of the ranges and trends in food production. These appraisals were made in a similar manner to those described in the 1953 Report of the Provincial Game Commission (page 38). The sample areas were distributed through known moose winter ranges from Lac la Hache south to the Thompson River valley. Only a slight improvement in the range condition is apparent. Using upland willow as a key species, 16 per cent of the sample areas showed a definite improvement, 24 per cent unchanged, and 60 per cent declining in browse production (see Table I). Other browse species were noted and measured where abundant enough to provide a reliable assessment. This general trend downward in the production of forage is due to two factors—the excessive use of the plants by moose and the general maturation of the forests. This latter condition favours conifers over the deciduous browse species in most cases. Areas of greatest improvement were in the vicinity of Eagan Lake, North Bonaparte, in recently burned areas, and in logging slashes west of 100 Mile House. J 54 BRITISH COLUMBIA Table I.—Utilization and Use of Key Browse Species, 1954 Sample Size Species Degree of Use H. M. L. Production Trend 33 8 4 3 2 5 2 Upland willow- Red osier Paper birch Aspen.. Saskatoon-berry. Bog birch _ Water birch 16 2 1 20 6 3 2 1 5 2 E.=Excessive use. H.=Heavy use. M.=Moderate use. L. or static. D.—Decreased production. =Light use. I.=Increased production. S.=Stationary Winter moose sign was apparent in all samples. Many of the plants had been visited repeatedly during the winter. The winter of 1953-54 was moderate both with respect to temperatures and snowfall. The animals were therefore virtually unhampered in their movements, and the use of browse was very uniform in most areas. The long, cold spring resulted in a later commencement of succulent growth than usual. This resulted in the moose having to utilize hard winter food late into the spring. The condition of the animals was variable. The incidence of ticks was quite heavy in areas of mature Douglas fir forest, and six calves were reported to have been found dead up until the end of May. This number is not considered excessive. An urgent appeal to hunters and guides was made to have the lower jaws of moose deposited at the Cache Creek Checking-station. As a result of this appeal, the jaws of approximately 23 per cent of the bulls and 14 per cent of the cows that passed through Cache Creek were collected. From these specimens the age composition of the herds they represented was computed. This information is of great value in judging the current reproductive success of the various populations. A population with high reproductive success will have a high proportion of young animals, while a population that is stagnant or decreasing will have a high proportion of older age-classes within its structure. Table II.—Age Composition of Interior Moose Population Based on Jaw Studies Area of Sample Percentage Composition by Age-classes l>/4 Years 2'/2 Years 3>/i Years Mature Aged Area I (Lone Butte, Bridge Lake, Jesmond) Area II (100 Mile House, Canim, Lac la Hache) Area III (150 Mile House to Quesnel and Horsefly) Areas V and VI (West of Fraser north to Blackwater)- North of Quesnel All bulls All cows 38.7 25.0 24.3 15.8 38.0 33.3 25.0 29.7 16.5 21.5 10.7 21.9 21.9 17.3 14.4 14.7 21.7 21.7 40.3 23.7 2.6 6.2 5.4 10.1 2.4 25.2 15.7 23.2 7.8 16.0 15.7 28.8 70.8 6.5 The preponderance of young animals in Areas I, II, and III indicates that in these areas the animals are hunted heavily, but that a reasonable survival apparently results in adequate bulls of breeding age. In Areas V and VI, west of the Fraser, the predominance of old animals is somewhat disturbing, for it indicates a definite lack of reproductive success. If the age distribution shown is representative, it seems unlikely that the annual increment would equal the yearly drain on the population. As this is an area of relatively light hunting pressure, the causes of the decline are probably range conditions. Similarly, the age distribution of cows is far from reassuring. However, the sample was too small to be divided into groups representing areas, and as a large proportion of the specimens came from the area west of the Fraser, the sample cannot be considered to represent the population as a whole. The sample from the northern area north of Quesnel is most REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 55 satisfactory, for this is an area of relatively light hunting pressure, and the high proportion of young animals indicates an expanding population. Aerial surveys of moose were undertaken in January of 1954 in an attempt to appraise the moose population. The population of Area I appeared to be virtually unchanged from that of the previous year. The calf-crop, which comprised 27 per cent of the population, was most satisfactory. In Area II the calf-crop comprised 23 per cent of the population. The techniques of aerial survey are still in their infancy, and it is hoped that future data will reliably indicate trends in the moose populations. Mule Deer.—Mule deer are maintaining their numbers in a most satisfactory manner. The long, cold spring did not appear to have affected them adversely. No reports of die-offs were received in the spring and, up until the end of 1954, wintering conditions were ideal. The 1954 kill was light, due to the lack of snow. The doe season was quite satisfactory; it demonstrated that a short doe season would not harm the herds and would afford extra recreation. Sheep.—The three-day open season on California bighorn sheep in the South Okanagan was most successful. Fourteen rams were taken, thirteen of them fine trophies. A ruling prohibiting the taking of rams with less than a three-quarter curl was well received and respected by the hunters. The season on the Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep in the vicinity of Chase and Squilax was open for a week. About twelve animals were taken, several of them very small. Upland Game Birds Pheasants.—The Okanagan pheasant population suffered from the prolonged spring and subsequent wet summer, and the crop of birds was below that of the previous year. Shooting was not as good as usual, but those hunters who persevered and used dogs were reasonably successful. The supply of birds in the Thompson Valley showed little change from that of the previous year. Chukar Partridge.—Chukars continue to increase in numbers and to expand their range since their introduction near Ashcroft. Good coveys have been seen about Cache Creek and Walhachin. The population at Vaseaux Lake appears to be doing quite well, but there is little evidence that they are spreading. A plant of the birds was made at Vernon, and strong coveys were observed up to the new year, indicating good survival. Grouse.—Routine observations on grouse indicate little change in their numbers. Ruffed grouse are at a cyclic low, and an increase should soon be apparent. Public Relations Considerable time was spent on public relations during the year. Sixteen fish and game association meetings and question and answer periods were also indulged in. Every effort is made at all times to explain and acquaint individuals with the principles and practices of game management, and also to explain the reasons behind changes in the regulations. Two formal papers were prepared and delivered—one at the Sixth Natural Resources Conference at Victoria and the other at the Eighth Annual Game Convention at Nanaimo. CARIBOO AND CHILCOTIN DISTRICTS L. G. Sugden, Range Management Biologist, Williams Lake, B.C. The information given in the following report represents an abstract of the major activities during the year 1954. Big Game Moose Aerial Surveys.—Aerial counts of moose were undertaken in the Williams Lake-Horsefly region in January, during which 473 miles of strip counting provided an J 56 BRITISH COLUMBIA index of 5.3 moose per square mile, which, for practical purposes, is the same as that of 1953. Of 250 moose classified, 19 per cent were calves. A 172-mile flight in the Meldrum Creek area resulted in an index of 2.3 moose per section. This represents a post-thaw count. A flight in the Alexis Creek area disclosed the characteristic concentration of wintering roose along the Chilcotin River between Hanceville and Redstone. Moose Range Surveys.—Winter range appraisals were conducted in the spring and summer. Upland willow was used as a "key" forage species in most areas and its condition and utilization as indicators of range condition from the standpoint of moose production. Five use categories were employed for ocular estimates of browse condition—nil, light, moderate, heavy, and severe. An " observation " consists of a single willow clump. Summary of Observations on Upland Willow Condition, April and May, 1954 NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS Area Nil Light Moderate Heavy Severe Total 38 3 321 17 491 141 437 201 112 94 1,399 Eastern Chilcotin 456 PERCENTAGE OF OBSERVATIONS Williams Lake-Horsefly- Eastern Chilcotin 31.2 44.1 8.0 20.6 100.0 100.0 In the Williams Lake-Horsefly area, samples of winter range were examined at Black Creek, Horsefly River, Beaver Valley, Big Lake, Peavine Ridge, Rosa Lake, Nine Mile Lake, Deep Creek, and Lac la Hache. In the Eastern Chilcotin, winter ranges were sampled at Meldrum Creek, Fish Lake, Chilco River, Alexis Creek, Chilco Ranch, and Fletcher Lake. " Moderate " use is considered proper or most efficient use. The preceding data show widespread use in excess of that desired and indicate a greater-than- capacity moose population, and the trend in range productivity is necessarily downward. General observations on moose winter ranges were made in other areas, as follows:— Manila, Ootsa Lake, Uncha Lake: Generally moderate use of upland willow and carrying a capacity population. Baezaeko River: Maximum desired use. Whitewater Lake: Heavy use of upland willow, the primary winter browse. Tatlayoko Lake: Upland willow used light to moderate and range in good condition. Hunter Success.—Success of guided moose-hunters was determined from guide returns. It showed an increase in 1954 in the Williams Lake and Alexis Creek Game Detachments and a drop in the Quesnel Game Detachment. Hunting pressure was universally down, as the following table shows:— Area 1953 1954 Hunters Moose Per Cent Success Hunters Moose Per Cent Success 136 78 57.4 41.7 57.1 99 190 404 51 94 268 51.5 302 126 542 | 309 49.5 66.3 Totals 980 1 513 52.4 693 413 59.7 The drop in hunter success in spite of reduced hunting pressure in the Quesnel area is considered a result of a decreased moose population. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 57 California Bighorn Sheep.—Two years' fall counts of bighorn sheep north of the Chilcotin River and west of the Fraser River are available. Herd composition for the two years may be found in the following table:—• Numbers Percentage 1953 1954 1953 1954 55 76 34 61 90 43 33.4 46.0 20.6 31.4 46.4 Lambs 22.2 Totals 165 194 The higher count in 1954 is considered, at least in part, a result of increased numbers in the herd. There is no apparent change in the herd composition. By means of live-trapping, twenty-eight sheep (two rams, eighteen ewes, and eight lambs) were removed from this herd. Considerable time was spent on this project, which was largely financed by the Oregon State Game Department, to whom the sheep were consigned. The animals were baited into a 2-acre corral constructed of 9-foot fencing. Dairy feed, salt, and cabbage were the principal baits employed. The animals were confined and loaded by hand into a double-decked stake truck and hauled non-stop to the Hart Mountain Game Preserve in South-eastern Oregon. There they were placed in a 35-acre pasture to await construction of a permanent 500-acre pasture. There are an estimated 200 head of sheep remaining in the band, and it is anticipated that a similar operation may become a permanent project at regular intervals, depending on the population response to the removals. Subsequent releases will, in all probability, be confined to British Columbia bighorn ranges. A February flight into the Whitewater area, sponsored by a grant from the Wildlife Management Institute, confirmed reports of sheep wintering near that lake. Mule Deer.—One only formal investigation of mule deer was conducted during the year. The winter range of the Moha herd was examined, and an investigation of deer damage to agriculture in that area was made. The winter-range browse was found to be limited and chronically overused. The two most important browse plants in the area are mountain maple (Acer glabrum) and service-berry. Only a small part of the annual surplus of the Moha deer herd is harvested, and overpopulation is the rule. The damage, consisting of fence-breaking and eating on stacked as well as growing hay, is largely a result of the excessive deer numbers which, in turn, have reduced their natural food-supply. Waterfowl.—Assistance was given in eight waterfowl-banding operations in the Cariboo District. Public Relations Meetings of various groups are attended at every opportunity. During 1954 twelve different groups were met at least once, during which addresses, discussions, or the showing of slides took place. VANCOUVER ISLAND D. J. Robinson, Regional Game Biologist, Nanaimo, B.C. The year 1954 marked three noteworthy advances in game management on Vancouver Island. These were (a) the acceptance by hunters of the general doe season; (b) a successful attempt to provide a means of access on private forest lands; and (cj a marked interest shown by many forest industrial companies in tree-farms and forest management licences which, it is hoped, will lead to a more stable type of game habitat. J 58 BRITISH COLUMBIA By increasing the efficiency of the game harvest, coupled with an improvement in the wildlife habitat and satisfactory means of access, we should approach more closely the basic ideals of good game management. Big Game Black-tailed Deer.—Routine counts were made on representative deer ranges throughout the year. This information, together with the hunter sample survey and data gathered from road checks, supplies the necessary facts to set constructive seasons. Although there was a short period of inclement weather during late January, the spring carry-over was excellent. Table I.—Spring Counts on Three Vancouver Island Deer Ranges Showing the Contribution of Short Yearlings in the Total Population Area Adults Short Yearlings Percentage of Yearlings in Population 82 289 13 38 161 9 31.6 Courtenay - _ 35.7 45.4 The sex ratio obtained from three key areas revealed an adequate breeding population of males (Table II). Field work in August showed a fawn-crop amounting to a population increase of over 60 per cent above the post-winter level (Table II). Road- check data show that W2- and 2V^-year-old deer contribute from 70 to 80 per cent of the population of deer. This increase cannot go on indefinitely, and if we are to prevent or alleviate the disastrous results of overpopulation, the harvest must keep pace with or exceed the increase. To do this, it is necessary to take both sexes. A partially successful attempt was made in this direction in late November, 1954. The data collected have drawn to attention a substantial fawn-loss in the immediate pre- and post-natal periods. These losses are believed due to low nutritional levels experienced by the parents during the winter and early spring months. Tagging operations resulted in the banding of seventy-nine fawns in the Courtenay and Campbell River areas. Two banded bucks were shot in 1954. One 2Vi -year-old animal had moved over 5 miles, but the other was taken only 600 yards from the tagging- site. This aspect of the deer programme will eventually provide more information on ageing criteria, growth rates, movements, and mortality. Knowledge of these facts is basic to good management. Table II.—Sex Ratio and Contribution of Fawn-crop on Three Major Ranges from June to August, 1954 Area Male Female Sex Ratio, Males to Females Fawns, Twins to Singles Percentage of Fawns in Population Sayward 74 187 68 272 446 139 1:3.7 1:2.4 1:2.0 1:1.4 1:1.3 1:0.61 38.6 38.3 40.3 Elk.—An open season on Roosevelt elk was held on Vancouver Island for the first time in over forty years. The harvest of bulls was meagre, amounting to ten known kills. Several female elk were also shot. The total harvest, which certainly did not exceed 25 head of an estimated population in excess of 1,500, will produce no measurable ill effect. More intensive field work and better access should permit a substantially increased REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 59 harvest. The majority of elk herds on Vancouver Island are quite local in distribution, and the prospect of a large increase in the kill must be based on more specific knowledge of the individual bands. Fur-bearers Nuisance beaver were live-trapped for restocking and research purposes from the Courtenay area. The district from the Puntledge drainage north to the Salmon River contains an erupting beaver population. Three co-ordinated factors have aided this build-up: (1) Low price of beaver-pelts, (2) close control of numbers taken by trappers, and (3) floral successions of a nature which supply great amounts of food. Live-trapping for restocking and research will be continued in certain areas. Upland Game Birds Blue Grouse.—Blue grouse production for 1954 was below the 1951-53 average. Heavy rains were commonplace during June, July, and August, with apparent adverse effects upon the broods. The hatching period was similar to other years, starting in late May at the latitude of Victoria and extending to the 15th of June at Campbell River. Females with chicks under a week old are usually plentiful for approximately two weeks, with a few noted up until mid-July. However, there was a radical departure from this pattern in 1954 as newly hatched young were observed constantly up until mid- August. Male blue grouse, usually off the breeding ranges by mid-July, were present in fair numbers in mid-August, hooting and apparently holding territory. Despite the lowered production, as indicated in Table III, the Campbell River check produced the second- best hunter success figures since 1948. The reason for this fine harvest in the face of decreased production resulted from the early opening date. The following considerations are important in establishing a season on blue grouse: (1) Birds of the year make up 70 to 80 per cent of the harvest; (2) non-breeding females, adult males, and females that have lost their broods are usually off the breeding-grounds by mid-August; and (3) the main migration of females and broods starts in August and is over by the second or third week of September. By opening a week earlier than usual, birds that normally are out of reach of the hunter can be taken. Juveniles may be 2 to 3 ounces smaller than when the opening date is later, but this slight disadvantage is greatly outweighed by the substantial increase in the total number of birds bagged. The size of the blue grouse harvest is dependent primarily on the number of days' shooting prior to migration and only secondarily upon the yearly production. Table III.—Comparison of Brood Size from Three Vancouver Island Areas Brood Size Area 1953 1954 Nanaimo 3.2 2.1 Campbell River (new burn) 4.1 3.2 Duncan 3.2 2.2 Waterfowl Black Brant.—Brant-hunting on the east coast of Vancouver Island appears to be dependent on two populations. There is the local Gulf of Georgia wintering population which supplies limited shooting to a few keen hunters, then there are the migrant waves en route to the breeding-grounds. These birds begin to show up late in February. When they appear in large numbers before the end of the season, as in 1951, the harvest runs between 3,000 and 4,000 birds, but when they are largely absent during the hunting period, the take is low as in 1954 when only 850 were taken. Table IV shows how the build-up of migrant birds commences early in March, reaches a peak in late April, and declines as the birds leave for the northern breeding-grounds in May and June. J 60 BRITISH COLUMBIA Table IV.—Counts of Black Brant Taken along the East Coast of Vancouver Island during the Spring Migration Number of Birds Date 1953 1954 February (early) 50 February 17th __,_ 125 March 7th to 9th 723 373 March 21st 1,587 1,923 April 4th 2,950 3,135 April 18th 2,505 4,340 May 2nd 1,625 May 28th 25 Public Relations Favourable contact with the general public is an important part of the game programme. In 1954 forty-three meetings were attended and over 2,600 persons interested in the wildlife resource were contacted. Fish and game clubs were the groups most commonly requesting talks or lectures. However, an increasing number of service clubs and school-teachers are availing themselves of the services of the Department's biologists in conservation education. Most fish and game organizations on Vancouver Island are also utilizing the Game Department's technical staff for assistance in deciding local and Provincial conservation policies and recommendations. This trend, it is hoped, will result in increasing the number of well-informed sportsmen on Vancouver Island and generally strengthening the over-all conservation programme. REPORT OF PREDATOR CONTROL BRANCH By G. A. West, Supervisor of Predator Control This Branch has just completed a very satisfactory year inasmuch as control measures were concerned. In fact, 1954 was the most successful year to date, with coyote bounties eliminated, numbers of wolf bounties much reduced, and the placing of 1,911 major poison-stations. The destruction of noxious animals and birds was at a very high level, although major predators such as coyotes, wolves, and cougars were in much less evidence than before. But this situation corresponds very closely with the reductions in bounty payments on these animals. The accompanying table shows the destruction of vermin by Departmental personnel. The larger, more important predators and their importance are as follows:— Bear.—For the third consecutive year, bears have caused more complaints and damage than all other predators put together. We maintained a high level of success against the depredations of these animals through the use of cyanide guns and compound 1080. Both of these methods have proven to be very effective in this regard. A total of 321 bears (including two grizzlies) were destroyed during the year because they were causing damage, ranging from eating oats to killing domestic stock. Cougars.—The numbers of cougars that were presented for bounty payments during 1954 were considerably below those of 1953. Here a reduction of 20.6 per cent (from 500 to 397) was revealed. Vancouver Island again contributed more than half the total number of bounties paid, but it is from this area that the largest reduction occurred. It is possible that the continuous heavy hunting pressure that has been exerted on these big cats for a number of years has gained sufficient momentum to have a reducing effect on the population. The East Kootenay and Williams Lake areas tend to be the major sources of cougar bounties on the Mainland. Of the total of 397 cougars that were bountied, 159 or 40 per cent were taken by registered bonus cougar-hunters. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 61 Coyotes.—These predators did not cause very many complaints during the last year. The Departmental kill was reduced during 1954, but this coincides with the reduced numbers presented for bounty before August 1st, 1954, when the coyote bounty was eliminated. It is felt that the control measures now being utilized by our personnel will keep the numbers of coyotes within bounds and damage will be at a low level. When the coyote bounty was abolished, it was expected that a flood of complaints would be received by Departmental personnel regarding damage and even sightings of coyotes. This did not happen and consequently tends to prove that most people would destroy any coyote on sight. This situation has been advanced many times as an argument against payment of bounties but was not believed by the majority of people. Foxes.—Personnel in the Lower Fraser Valley have had a large measure of success with control measures which were used against the red foxes in this area. Three hundred and thirty foxes were definitely destroyed in this area during 1954, or an increase of 53.5 per cent over 1953. It is hoped that even larger numbers will be accounted for in 1955 if certain control measures can be followed. In any case, the damage caused by these small predators has been reduced by a large degree and should never become more serious. Wolves.—Again there was a substantial decrease in the numbers of wolves presented for bounty. Bounties dropped from 544 in 1953 to 413 in 1954, or a decrease of 24.1 per cent. These figures indicate the measure of success that various controls have had on these large predators. However, even with these low numbers of wolves that have been bounded, we still have animals that have been destroyed by our personnel being turned in for bounty. In addition, we believe that bounties have been paid on wolves brought over the Provincial boundary from non-paying areas and presented in this Province—a simple case of bootlegging. There is only one way to prevent these happenings, and that is to eliminate the payment of wolf bounties. This procedure is very strongly recommended by the writer. It is felt that the Game Commission can exercise sufficient control to keep these animals in fairly low numbers. In addition, the natural reaction of a person when a wolf is sighted is to shoot anyway, regardless of bounty. There are very few persons who actually hunt wolves. Therefore, we are paying bounty on wolves of which most would be destroyed in any case. This is definitely not good business. Although a very large percentage of the Province receives intensive wolf-control measures at the present time, it is intended that these measures will be expanded during the 1955 season. Other Predators.—Racoons and bobcats were again the most troublesome of this group. Fairly large numbers of both species were destroyed on complaints received by personnel. The damage caused by these predators is quite low, but they could become serious if left alone. The lynx is beginning to cause a few complaints in the North and Interior. These animals are very numerous throughout the whole of the Cariboo and northern areas, and where their natural food has disappeared the lynx have taken to killing poultry and, in some cases, sheep. However, they are not to be considered a serious menace. The poisoning operations carried out during the winter months were very large and intensive, with a total of 1,911 major poison-stations established. These represent an increase of 149 per cent over 1953. Much of this increase was due to the threat of rabies, but, in any case, resulted in much lower bounty payments and negligible damage created by wolves and coyotes. At this point I would like to extend sincere thanks from the Predator Control staff to all those members of the Enforcement Branch who aided in the control of predators. Their help was invaluable. J 62 BRITISH COLUMBIA Vermin Destroyed, 1953 and 1954 Divisions Totals Species "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 3 129 27 71 30 1 107 12 62 1 26 37 26 69 51 314 20 13 41 11 89 36 71 46 277 60 3 103 ~ 20 1 78 15 245 2 410 53 7 144 16 29 79 11 184 2 284 33 7 104 5 25 127 1 90 2 366 83 18 178 2 110 98 3 248 52 10 8 8 50 87 9 30 650 2 24 69 215 119 112 42 48 527 1 27 53 330 9 165 94 254 72 1,183 84 1,114 296 253 185 149 139 207 2 321 Bobcats. 95 987 64 836 260 Foxes. 351 215 Otter . . 17 Racoons 241 119 113 Totals. — - 260 209 582 706 999 | 734 867 674 1,230 1,296 3,938 3,619 Crows Eagles. Hawks - Owls _ _ Magpies - Mergansers 122 2 28 6 36 127 1 22 35 297 56 71 33 89 10 31 302 66 58 20 3 3 51 696 7 81 54 424 12 82 2 849 33 147 48 592 50 191 416 57 92 173 99 8 73 353 46 131 215 142 6 123 1,223 56 150 13 8 41 61 8 1,203 53 139 26 18 12 30 9 2,754 178 422 273 620 77 283 10 2,834 199 497 309 755 71 430 9 Totals 194 185 587 503 1,358 1,910 918 1,016 1,560 1,490 4,617 5,104 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 STATISTICAL STATEMENTS J 63 Comparative Statistics, 1913 to 1954, Inclusive Calendar Year Prosecutions Informations Laid Convictions Cases Dismissed Firearms Confiscated Fines Imposed Revenue Derived from Sale of Game Licences and Fees Revenue Derived from Fur Trade 1913.. 1914.. 1915 1916 1917... 1918- 1919... 1920.. 1921_ 1922- 1923... 1924... 1925- 1926... 1927- 1928.. 1929.. 1930- 1931- 1932- 1933... 1934... 1935- 1936- 1937- 1938- 1939- 1940. 1941.. 1942.. 1943- 1944.. 1945- 1946. 1947.. 1948.. 1949.. 1950- 1951.. 1952- 1953.. 1954- 188 294 279 127 111 194 267 293 329 359 309 317 296 483 518 439 602 678 676 538 498 477 454 451 585 613 547 440 446 409 356 379 652 819 895 1,142 1,115 1,359 1,489 1,504 1,519 1,241 181 273 258 110 97 167 242 266 312 317 280 283 279 439 469 406 569 636 625 497 474 454 438 436 552 574 526 419 430 392 342 372 632 798 878 1,117 1,099 1,337 1,468 1,476 1,500 1,158 7 21 21 17 14 17 25 27 17 42 29 34 17 44 49 33 33 32 51 41 24 23 16 15 33 39 21 21 16 17 14 7 20 21 17 25 16 22 21 28 19 83 5 36 46 74 44 24 24 43 39 47 29 54 33 40 37 22 4 19 14 20 42 21 18 9 27 18 8 30 39 56 74 86 69 83 87 67 48 $4,417.50 5,050.00 4,097.50 2,050.00 1,763.50 3,341.00 6,024.50 6,073.00 6,455.00 7,275.00 5,676.50 4,758.00 5,825.00 7,454.00 10,480.50 7,283.50 9,008.00 9,572.75 8,645.00 5,493.50 3,531.00 5,227.82 4,399.50 3,965.00 5,332.50 5,729.50 4,776.50 5,197.00 4,977.50 5,079.50 5,554.50 5,570.50 8,381.50 10,921.00 11,837.50 17,537.00 18,148.50 22,923.00 24,087.50 25,755.00 23,663.50 22,540.50 $109,600.80 92,034.20 72,974.25 66,186.97 65,487.50 75,537.00 116,135.00 132,296.50 114,842.00 127,111.50 121,639.50 125,505.50 123,950.50 135,843.50 139,814.00 140,014.75 142,028.22 147,660.00 137,233.31 141,269.55 135,876.94 149,955.11 148,689.64 157,647.30 177,771.33 192,024.07 193,170.53 188,605.20 213,267.67 205,451.71 207,661.72 238,902.36 352,228.85 502,555.25 597,529.30 610,383.56 656,997.38 706,591.06 830,178.59 856,971.22 1,032,264.31 1,029,903.83 $5,291.39 24,595.80 51,093.89 60,594.18 56,356.68 56,287.78 62,535.13 71,324.96 58,823.07 47,329.89 45,161.11 46,091.08 40,363.79 44,167.48 47,102.81 49,831.95 52,196.50 53,697.48 44,963.87 49,187.00 68,466.33 63,125.30 68,475.07 58,354.03 70,363.23 104,250.95 107,357.72 99,344.14 73,392.08 61,543.26 71,335.44 76,454.56 58,713.48 56,788.19 55,529.52 Totals.. 24,687 23,578 1,089 1,436 | $365,879.57 $11,711,791.48 | $2,060,489.14 I J 64 BRITISH COLUMBIA Summary of Total Revenue Derived from Sale of Various Licences, Collections, etc., January 1st to December 31st, 1954 Revenue derived from— Sale of resident firearms licences $415,177.00 Sale of deer, moose-elk, goat, and pheasant tags 104,961.75 Sale of resident anglers', guides', and prospectors'firearms licences 191,585.00 Sale of non-resident firearms licences and outfitters' licences 66,342.00 Sale of non-resident anglers' licences 162,140.50 Sale of fur-traders', taxidermists', and tanners' licences, and royalty on fur 55,529.52 Sale of confiscated firearms 169.47 Sale of confiscated fur_ 517.16 Collection of big-game trophy fees from non-residents 88,075.00 Prosecutions—fines imposed under the " Game Act" 22,540.50 Miscellaneous revenue 935.95 Total $1,107,973.85 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 65 in Os H ei w a w u w O o H H P Z Oj w CJ Z w o co § 2 <! w I H Z w Q GO w ft, O H Z w § w H < H CVO 3 o H ft 3 D ►J S I s en oo o O o V£) VI O O y—' vo Os t> cN^in co ri 80000000000000000000000000000000000 ©(nOOOOOOinviO»nOOOOOOOOininininqo»noin»nin©inO n^vir4t^r^co^\D^orMCiOTl->co>oo^r^o^cor-lt^^ooi^cc^v£)oornr-- o en 0 <r\ vc rt HHONt^oooHcovDhn m ^t ^o^Ti m m rt n o o^r* vq l; f h ^o >c m* co" h c> m* rs ri Oi' i- co* m" oC co m' rf h in oC m" oT >n t" n o rt i-To'co i^" rfi \o oo t* rf* h \o so m « h Oi* m* n* tN cK i« co* m" o\" co ro rf h in a>' m" o\" <n" rf n o rt r-t y-t -rt ^ tn rt Ci rt so O O i n'i»rtrSoSdro|iDr;i iOOOOOOOO OCNCNrt<ncNCNrtt--enrtrtrteort' o o o o o o 8 1 ! ! VI tn o ■ t> t- t- o r- ■n ! ; w 00 ; eo th m r- rH ! ^h ! ** 1-1 a I I HH\DOhnriHioa(nN h^ooio OOOOOOOOOOOOi-hOOOO rfa^intNHTtTtaroHOyoirHorit HHmoco_MCMn rtrtmen^oocscNO on cm T-i r-T -rt !HH\OOr-ntNHiOM(ri(N ^ossotncAy->-*i--<±Osony-<C>tntnsocA-rt rtrimowr)o\iri rtrt»nrtcocNcNa\ CO CS S-t Tt rt oopoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooqoqooooooqoooo_ooo_ooo_ooqoqoqqooooo hrsrto»wmwo^^o\i^Ho»rSHrSc>cortmn«nrtrs(ScoNccr^rH^(Sfs Nrt en <-t iom rt mwrtri en iHinHcoTtciH rt en t- cN e m0^ininr-mrfiinif)0\X*o*coinOHr-» (Ni-h CN rn rt fN m CN hh cN in»neen0000OCNOCNCN'<O,O\0CNCT\eO H^HinnHH tj- en rt r-iirj oooqooooQoqpooooqoooQoooooooqoqooo oqoqqqqoqqqqoooqqooqoqqoqqooqqqqqq eeinrtrtr^O\»nincNinr^cortrncor^eng\e Oinvoncorsvortf^inomrtNi»rtt^csrtrHrtHOinr^r>r^rtrri rtHhHMcorrrtOMrt^co^TfflHVorricwortrtrrrfirnOmcoinrtOO Pi 0 pi 0 OOO q q q in O* 0\ in e vo ^"T-r CN CN W oC th rt Tf <h m" m h rt wmh csn m n w*' en co en - Os O en O ino^««inNNH^ininwinHc>tNo>Tl,rtc>twrn«t>in^r^'nO\rnMrNN ^x^lnoc>^H^c«rnh^^Hallnm^c^HcoOl»^o^Nloao^^^^^r)\DvoootNMc^(N *-" en en t-i rt CN * m Os cncn h co cN CN »n --irtT-ief-iencNeneocortrti-iTt ■rt CN t-" (N CN _ .3DNMCO\DrMOtNrr\Duji i \u n uij vi_j uj t mj -j »; in in ("i DCNc^eTOroo\M"eoinr^rnrtoinrtv£)t^eoort\£>weNc»r^c©coinrtrtc^ m in h \c rt \o r-rt ^ o n t o ^o (n os t~;tm„H.vi^ *c„Tj.VD»,r|,in OTfrtomooosM-^txi N m" rt M* «" «* h ff" o" t^rHrHO*"nr-Ofnr--encN"n"nenen so on rt rt oo"cocn rtCOrtc7\nrtr}'00f>NOC0hrSrtninc»rtrt[^Ort^r^rtNrt ^hinfO^^OO^COoomrtai^c^r-OiiriinrNrtffirtr-Hiorl-hrfN^N \.r~i rr*. r+ r~~. if. —ilv.Tt^^^MCftr^COC>ICnrt!>tlCOn^OOrN'-|,^1CSlHVDt— rt s-S r-T CD CN rf OhNN»(Nh .: ~ votNMartrtMOt-r>inn«\ooicaootorro\ to °o ""^ h m 0\_h to en rt >> in ih ^rt m t^^t n rU y-i tn rt rt CN rt (N rt 0\ 4) (/) «1 c p t o ■ 3 >. o a S.03.S3C |52o«§§J^^< <;<<( J 0 0 u Q h O 0 M M M i-i 2 Z Z Z Z O p, a. a. h, a. p< a« rt oo ■W .Lj *-* OT QJ tTj5 r^ rt!!l(UaiJ«iiUiD03ooO'ulu'C? 1 "SSL 2 o <s ra « ■- i? J 66 BRITISH COLUMBIA Revenue Derived from the Sale of Moose-Elk, Deer, Goat, and Pheasant Tags, January 1st to December 31st, 1954 Government Agency Deer Tags No. Amount Moose-Elk Tags No. Amount Goat Tags No. Amount Pheasant Tags No. Amount Total Alberni... Ashcroft.. Atlin._ Barkerville— Burns Lake- Clinton Courtenay.... Cranbrook— Creston Duncan Fernie Golden Grand Forks.. Kamloops Kaslo Kelowna Lillooet Merritt Nanaimo Nelson New Denver New Westminster- Oliver Penticton Pouce Coupe- Powell River Prince George- Prince Rupert _ Princeton Quesnel Revelstoke Rossland Salmon Arm Smithers- Terrace Vancouver Vanderhoof Vernon Victoria. Williams Lake— Totals.. Less refunds.. Total 2,840 739 162 291 1,267 6,365 4,226 1,144 2,227 1,794 1,765 1,336 5,389 292 2,584 821 453 4,310 2,429 569 11,267 1,582 2,958 3,173 946 3,144 2,065 1,433 1,973 330 2,980 1,176 361 194 10,957 555 3,182 6,045 1.778 $1,420.00 369.50 81.00 145.50 633.50 3,182.50 2,113.00 572.00 1,113.50 897.00 882.50 668.00 2,694.50 146.00 1,292.00 410.50 226.50 2,155.00 1,214.50 284.50 5,671.25! 791.00 1,479.00 1,586.50 473.00 1,572.00 1,032.50 716.50 986.50 165.00 1,490.00 588.00 180.50 97.00 5,478.50 277.50 1,591.00 3,022.50 889.00 65 215 57 73 394 526 112 1,563 218 51 792 666 28 1,058 67 216 181 61 160 237 43 3,082 263 225 1,599 12 1,923 416 191 641 111 255 219 314 291 2,235 435 433 187 487 $130.00 430.00 114.00 146.00 788.00 1,052.00 224.00 3,126.00 436.00 102.00 1,584.00 1,332.00 56.00 2,116.00 134.00 432.00 362.00 122.00 320.00 474.00 86.00 6,203.00s 526.00 450.00 3,198.00 24.00 3,846.00 832.00 382.00 1,282.00 222.00 510.00 438.00 628.00 582.00 4,470.00 870.00 866.00 374.00 974.00 97,102 |$48,588.75 20,102 |$40,243.00 I I 1 4 13 32 1 30 22 11 417 32 1 237 289 2 38 28 94 6 3 90 48 188 18 6 167 12 139 122 8 5 35 39 7 58 141 138 6 22 6 48 $8.00 26.00 64.00 2.00 60.00 44.00 22.00 834.00 64.00 2.00 474.00 578.00 4.00 76.00 56.00 188.00 12.00 6.00 180.00 96.00 376.00 36.00 12.00 334.00 24.00 278.00 244.00 16.00 10.00 70.00 78.00 14.00 116.00 282.00 276.00 12.00 44.00 12.00 96.00 91 196 770 405 426 167 1,409 1,001 336 69 7,019 211 500 13 151 90 129 455 5,775 1,564 775 9 $45.50 98.00 385.00 202.50 213.00 83.50 704.50 500.50 38.00 168.00 34.50 3,970.50: 105.50 250.00 2.00 6.50 75.50 45.00 64.50 227.50 2,887.50 782.00 387.50 4.50 2,563 [ $5,126.00 -- I 21,641 |$11,281.50 $105,239.25 | 277.50 $1,603.50 923.50 178.00 229.00 993.50 1,729.50 3,813.50 6,073.00 1,274.50 1,430.50 2,955.00 2,792.50 811.50 5,591.00 336.00 2,224.50 960.50 398.50 2,649.00 1,903.00 466.50 16,220.75 1,458.50 2,191.00 5,118.50 523.00 5,696.00 2,115.00 1,190.00 2,278.50 502.00 2,142.50 1,267.50 924.50 961.00 13,112.00 1,159.50 3,283.00 3,796.00 1,963.50 $104,961.75 1 Includes $37.75 for tags sold in 1950 but accounted for in 1954. 2 Includes $39 for tags sold in 1950 but accounted for in 1954. 3 Includes $461 for tags sold in 1950 but accounted for in 1954. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 67 Revenue Derived from Sale of Resident Anglers', Guides', Free Farmers', and Prospectors' Firearms Licences, January 1st to December 31st, 1954 Anglers Guides Free Farmers Prospectors Total No. Amount No. Amount No. No. Amount 1,632 $3,264.00 1,678.00 144.00 408.00 1,192.00 1,332.00 7,358.00 5,052.00 1,962.00 2,502.00 2,582.00 1,660.00 1,644.00 8,334.00 666.00 6,182.00 1,752.00 1,154.00 5,332.00 6,260.00 1,256.00 32,510.00! 1,472.00 5,392.00 3,466.00 2,384.00 5,236.00 4,350.00 2,724.00 2,080.00 1,266.00 5,424.00 3,136.00 1,696.00 1,672.00 31,566.00 1,222.00 4,964.00 8,154.00 1,898.00 7 6 27 155 15 27 6 3 48 58 8 71 16 2 1 4 1 1 87 46 34 5 48 5 8 11 3 48 3 1 212 9 8 23 2 23 20 32 49 1 16 35 72 10 50 1 2 76 22 4 111 12 83 6 72 4 7 43 8 14 52 40 7 19 17 144 77 15 5 7 12 30 13 5 7 29 7 4 16 8 29 27 11 47 6 29 1 49 9 2 47 4 50 48 20 63 22 11 4 13 18 136 10 21 16 43 $1.00 $3,265.00 839 72 204 596 666 3,679 2,526 981 1,251 1,291 830 822 4,167 333 3,091 876 577 2,666 3,130 628 16,247 736 2,696 1,733 1,192 2,618 2,175 1,362 1,040 633 2,712 1,568 848 836 15,783 611 2,482 4,077 949 1,678.00 Atlin $75.00 65.00 270.00 1,615.00 110.00 240.00 50.00 25.00 470.00 595.00 75.00 695.00 219.00 473.00 2.00 1,462.00 2,947.00 7,470.00 Cranbrook 5,292.00 2,012.00 2,527.00 Fernie 3,052.00 2,255.00 1.00 1,719.00 9,030.00 666.00 2.00 1.00 6,184.00 1,887.00 135.00 20.00 10.00 40.00 Merritt 1,174.00 5,342.00 6,300.00 1,256.00 32,526 00 15.00 10.00 770.00 1,472.00 5,402.00 2.00 4,236.00 2,384.00 5,688.00 4,650.00 2,784.00 Prince George 450.00 300.00 60.00 485.00 55.00 Quesnel- . - 1.00 5.00 2,565.00 1,321.00 5,424.00 3,216.00 1,796.00 1,673.00 31,586.00 1,652.00 4,994.00 8,164.00 3,878.00 80.00 100.00 Vancouver 20.00 430.00 30.00 10.00 1,975.00 91,155 $182,326.00 967 $9,280.00 1,186 879 $15.00 $191,621.00 36 00 Less refunds Total $191,585.00 1 Includes $16 sold in 1950 and 1952 but accounted for in 1954. J 68 BRITISH COLUMBIA Revenue Derived from Sale of Non-resident General Firearms, Non-resident General Firearms Special, Non-resident Ordinary Firearms, and Outfitters' Licences, January 1st to December 31st, 1954. Government Agency General Firearms Licences General Firearms Licences (Special) Ordinary Firearms Licences Outfitters' Licences Total No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount 34 6 1 8 40 12 139 39 1 132 59 7 68 13 2 1 9 4 1,305 283 38 97 37 24 10 7 7 4 3 170 3 11 11 16 1 2 4 2 2 7 13 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 16 10 1 1 1 1 $15.00 30.00 60.00 5 1 2 8 2 3 1 1 38 5 3 1 $15.00 $850.00 150.00 25.00 200.00 1,000.00 300.00 3,475.00 975.00 25.00 3,300.00 1,475.00 175.00 1,700.00 325.00 50.00 25.00 225.00 100.00 880.00 Atlin $15.00 225.00 25.00 200.00 1,000.00 Courtenay 30.00 30.00 330.00 3.00 6.00 3,508.00 981.00 25.00 105.00 195.00 30.00 30.00 15.00 $50.00 3,455.00 1,694.00 24.00 205.00 6.00 9.00 1,736.00 349.00 50.00 25.00 225.00 3.00 3.00 100.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 240.00 150.00 33.00 32,625.00 7,075.00 950.00 2,425.00 925.00 600.00 250.00 175.00 175.00 100.00 75.00 4,250.00 75.00 275.00 275.00 400.00 32,658.00 7,105.00 980.00 114.00 2,779.00 1,075.00 600.00 250.00 175.00 175.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 115.00 90.00 Vancouver 15.00 4,280.00 75.00 9.00 284.00 15.00 290.00 400.00 2,601 $65,025.00 74 $1,110.00 69 $207.00 1 $50.00 $66,392.00 50.00 Total $66,342.00 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 69 Revenue Derived from Sale of American Non-resident Anglers', Canadian Non-resident Anglers', and Minor Non-resident Anglers' Licences, January 1st to December 3 1st, 1954. Anglers' Licences (American) Anglers' Licences (Canadian) Anglers' Licences (Minor) Government Agency $3.50 $5 Total No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount 133 80 28 10 16 178 726 481 459 61 157 93 346 756 153 879 15 60 159 882 10 9,795 1,672 407 361 140 94 74 95 28 $931.00 560.00 196.00 70.00 112.00 1,246.00 5,082.00 3,367.00 3,213.00 427.00 1,099.00 651.00 2,422.00 5,292.00 1,071.00 6,153.00 105.00 420.00 1,113.00 6,174.00 70.00 68,565.00 11,704.00 2,849.00 2,527.00 980.00 658.00 518.00 665.00 196.00 329.00 1,526.00 4,172.00 140.00 49.00 5,670.00 315.00 1,883.00 1,617.00 896.00 13 15 17 ~i 6 48 156 149 9 747 673 9 78 14 106 4 1 23 133 10 109 30 69 728 78 11 5 6 38 14 59 5 16 65 30 48 31 8 $45.50 52.50 59.50 ~ 1 1 8 2 1 57 9 1 10 1 2 11 3 17 20 2 2 1 51 125 83 73 1 66 118 53 122 13 181 2 14 22 111 4 2,197 309 76 110 1 17 3 30 4 10 38 43 1 73 8 45 41 13 $17.00 20.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 51.00 125.00 83.00 73.00 1.00 66.00 118.00 53.00 122.00 13.00 181.00 2.00 14.00 22.00 111.00 4.00 2,197.00 309.00 76.00 110.00 1.00 17.00 3.00 30.00 4.00 10.00 38.00 43.00 1.00 73.00 8.00 45.00 41.00 13.00 $993.50 Ashcroft $5.00 637.50 257.50 72.00 28.00 21.00 168.00 546.00 521.50 31.50 2,614.50 2,355.50 31.50 273.00 49.00 371.00 14.00 3.50 80.50 465.50 35.00 381.50 105.00 241.50 2,548.00 141.00 5.00 40.00 1,323.00 5,415.00 3,996.00 10.00 5.00 285.00 3,817.50 464.50 4,064.50 3,124.50 2,506.50 5,687.00 1,133.00 6,705.00 121.00 437.50 45.00 5.00 1,260.50 6,755.50 109.00 New Westminster 53.00 71,196.50 12,118.00 5.00 3,171.50 5,185.00 981.00 10.00 273.00 38.50 17.50 21.00 133.00 49.00 206.50 17.50 56.00 227.50 105.00 168.00 108.50 28.00 948.00 Prince Rupert 569.50 712 50 221.00 47 218 596 20 7 810 45 269 231 128 472.00 1,613.00 4,421.50 157 50 106 00 55.00 6,025.50 428 00 2,096.00 1,781.50 15.00 Totals Less refunds. 20,719 $145,033.00 3,569 $12,491.50 107 $538.00 4,100 $4,100.00 $162,162.50 22.00 Total $162,140.50 J 70 BRITISH COLUMBIA Revenue Derived from Sale of Fur-traders', Taxidermists', and Tanners' Licences, and Royalty on Fur, January 1st to December 31st, 1954 Government Agency Resident Fur-traders' Licences Resident Fur-traders' Licences (Transient) Agent for Non-resident Fur-traders' Licences Royalty or Tax on Fur Taxidermists' or Tanners' Licences Total No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount Alberni 2 1 1 1 1 2 17 5 10 2 1 25 5 15 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 19 1 13 1 2 1 2 19 1 2 6 3 231 48 29 4 1 1 16 1 94 16 1 13 2 $2.90 109.31 .75 364.15 7.50 2.00 1.00 18.40 178.04 .40 3.25 1 1 1 ~2 8 "~2 $2.90 Atlin ____. 109.31 Barkerville .75 Burns Lake- $50.00 25.00 $100.00 514.15 Clinton 32.50 Courtenay 2.00 Cranbrook 25.00 26.00 18.40 178.04 .40 Kamloops. 25.00 25.00 50.00 $2.00 30.25 25.00 50.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 27.50 31.70 10,263.03 3,646.60 696.35 12.50 9.00 16.50 716.73 1.50 34,997.22 1,095.34 1.00 22.25 2.00 29.50 New Westminster_____ 425.00 125.00 250.00 50.00 31.70 $200.00 10,892.03 200.00 3,971.60 Prince Rupert Quesnel _ 946.35 200.00 262.50 9.00 16.50 25.00 741.73 1.50 Vancouver Vanderhoof 625.00 125.00 300.00 16.00 35,938.22 1,220.34 1.00 4.00 26.25 Williams Lake 375.00 100.00 477.00 Totals. r " - 88 $2,200.00 9 $900.00 1 $200.00 528 $52,226.92 15 $30.00 $55,556.92 27.40 $55,529.52 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 Total Collections from Fur Trade, 1921 to 1954, Inclusive J 71 Year Fur Royalty or Tax Fur-traders', Tanners', and Taxidermists' Licences Total 1921 . . ... _ _ - $24,595.80 51,093.89 60,594.18 56,356.68 48,737.78 56,045.13 61,629.96 51,563.07 40,769.89 40,431.11 41,056.08 36,253.79 39,592.48 42,697.81 44,986.95 46,186.50 47,257.48 39,423.87 44,238.00 62,745.33 56,755.30 63,176.07 52,122.03 63,412.23 93,793.40 98,766.72 92,637.14 66,939.08 56,563.26 65,205.44 70,799.56 54,256.48 52,565.19 52,199.52 $6,195.00 6,365.00 6,930.00 6,090.00 7,550.00 6,490.00 9,695.00 7,260.00 6,560.00 4,730.00 4,925.00 4,110.00 4,575.00 4,405.00 4,845.00 6,010.00 6,440.00 5,540.00 4,949.00 5,721.00 6,370.00 5,299.00 6,232.00 6,951.00 10,559.00 8,591.00 6,707.00 6,453.00 4,980.00 6,255.00 5,655.00 4,457.00 4,223.00 3,330.00 $30,790.80 1922 - 57,458.89 1973 67,524.18 1974 62,446.68 1925 ... ■ - 56,287.78 1926 - - -" . - - . - - 62,535.13 1977 71,324.96 1928 58,823.07 1979 47,329.89 1930 45,161.11 1931 45,981.08 1937. 40,363.79 1933 -- - 44,167.48 1934 47,102.81 1935 . - - - 49,831.95 1936 52,196.50 1937 - - _ -- 53,697.48 1938 -- 44,963.87 1939 49,187.00 68,466.33 63,125.30 68,475.07 58,354.03 70,363.23 104,352.40 1940 _ ' 1941 . . 194? 1943 1944 1945 1946 107,357.72 1947 99,344.14 73,392.08 61,543.26 71,460.44 76,454.56 58,713.48 56,788.19 55,529 52 1948 1949 1950 1951 _ 1957 1953 1954 Totals $1,875,447.20 $205,507.00 $2,080,894.20 ■ J 72 BRITISH COLUMBIA < U OO 00 i-H vo t- —' Dr-aHOOfjNOOHinOOOr-OWOM^WONtOOVOtVOWOXN -u-w^^1.;^^qc0»-Hqt^rt000;»nrt00oencoO©cSrtt^»-HOCNrtOrti-"0\ in'cortvo'i^inoNcoos^vecowr^vo'vdKco'ooin'toSvo'wN a^Osinm^N^vomwirtOsaooooinNpi^tint^rJ^ftWtnm^ooinvDts rt^*©~Vc"o3VO~»-H,^©©^vo*oCcN"Tfvo*^oCrtc^ c-i«%»o^rtin\o^^rtrtcocortri-rtrt<nrt*0'nvo»nvoO\o\o\«*nvor-«n»nin oAcovoi—co»neNr^cortvo'o<or^r^t^ON<n^covovocoaNOcN'rta\cNoor~^v© MC>i-i«nOCNOCOCNinOCOrnOCN\C>r--i-iO\'-,'rtCT\eNONOr^«0000»noOOOrt cncNCSCNfNC0inrtr0f0CN«CNr^CSW<SC4^CSW^^fSCNtS»^C^^i^CNrH^ auijaAp^ I3SE3AV ^c^oocooc^r*c<iO\Ocot^^'«op--fno\r-00\0\rtvoo\*-'fN»nO\OfS'-ir>r^ oooor^ninMoo'HfnairiMvoHO^infjiiM^ONHfnniHOywwr-OHNrn cJ.vortoorNo\mr-*©»ooococovoa\co©»-«T-<"' iO^mt-^vovocococovoONc _. .i*o*oo'vc r>*dw oo'm w r>"\L - tNtNcOCNCNcoeort^OVOrtrt^rtcOCO* »O\(N*-<<Nn00Tfri-Ht-tNrtONeoeN r-»ncomO\0\rt©\CNrtCOCNcOO\fJ\rt OMnniHincMnvO'H*(Mnm(riO(ji t^rno^rtoocNoo^oortini-Hr>i-HO\i> CA Os O" CN «n 0\" *-T rt CO »n" f* oC r* oC rt o* voco©r--r-r-r-CNinrt»nrtinr-.Ttin "nrtvortcort^Omrocococortcoco jaximbs H«rt^NWN^lrt^momNnoolH^nc^'t^o^■H^^^>.^o^^>H^HO^T|■mln yOHHOOOOimiHrNm^tniHioinOOir-rlMiHr*(S»rNOO,*nH 1-1 cot*»iowr,*«-iiHr,>aiovovi«nni,rt^o^'nrtmio^'<S»-i jpmTC OOODB^ MHO vo wn cN as co co co . \Oi-Hcnv©wco\ocomcoovocNt^r>inCNO\v£>rtooo .. . \o^ooc^r^t>'Oc^cooooovoc^t^^c^ooinvoc^r^rtrtr^vocot^\Ort\ooo<rtp--oo cotNvo^inoococoso»noor^soeococN©voc^voinTtoor^^coin^osi^oortvocN ctvcor^o&woTtvocso\c^r^vDOinvocoTtr-oor*cNOOOO\r-->nrti-'inc3\i-io o*ooovOcortvo"i-Too ooONt»H »-<o"oo©">r-r-©co"'©*oCm r£rMtn'*-~rr^'r'*r^'t~~ rtHHtNiHOiHH »-«i-Hr-iCN<NCNi-iCNcNcnCNrtcOCOCOcortCO yam co" Os rt »" co t^ t> USJJBJ^ QOi-'COO*nOCOOinCNVDOcor*0\i-HCj\*~iooooO^HOr-'<nrt*HOO©rteorti-H\o cNcortceeoc^©^vor^voincortr^r^rt\Oeor^Oinrtr^^©r--cj\inin»nsoeoin iHtNO*'-! I** OS HiHrtOl CO CO rt OS OOO OS OO OS OsOsOO\Dy^rtrtrtt^*r%tr-CAC^SO\o OinvOOcooint^eort^mrtcnwr^'^c^invOtncooc^«n\DcsrtOoocnOen'-H rtinvocoeoinooosooooosr^vortvo©*ncoc>)cNO\t^cN'^cnrtOsasoort«ni-HSO»n c^oo\o»rt^cNcoco^inininfNOm>nvoinr>inT^ rtrtCA^tsO COSO-rtCArtrty-^CACntn CO* CNi-H^i-Ti-TrH^r^co'cNTi-**-* rt CN CN xa&i (pauuej) wnuijEjd 'xo;i 3[3Big 'XOJ I I ! i i j Ii I i i ! I I (pauuBj) ICNCNCNt-\OOOcNcn«nrtrteoCNi-ir*cN :©rtcncocneovor-mvoint^cs©cN©cN irHeocNCNco»ntnrt<ncNeocNtNVOeNr- pa>I 'xo£ r^eoOi^CNi-HO^COC^O\rtCNCNcnCNr*OCOencor-tNOOvOOcortinOT C^rt<ncoOS00OscoCNr^mrtr^eO^VOCNrtr^covcrti-HCCOSCoasi>VOcN» CS rtvocs^inorjinOO^intn^oos inrtvooooovor^oortVDvDvoO^Ovro^H ,-1 < rtl?4 tst Mf? «H rn* f^ ri rt tH CA rf «rT CO* SS0J3 'xod w fS CN *h i-H M CO CO i CNCOrtOOOOsrtcovO SO00»-i*-irt»-»r-r-tN *-i fN CS rt SO m CN Of-t-rtOssOOcoSDCNCSrt-HOeSOOosvOOsasrtOOOsco invOi-it~-voo\i-iONi--"»-it^rtincoovDr-'Oso\eocoincNCNi-H ^CNONi^t^^O^VO^O^cnt^^CO^i^O^B^irtinCN M CN CN CN CO*CO* en CN CS* C? CN ^ ^ >-h *■" J3AUS 'XOJ rHVD«t^rtcoost^Os^enoocNf^i-HOVOcsoocoinc>vjD>n«)CNrti-HCNcNVOeor^ i^cot^CNCNcortcortco^inOOC^sot^Ominoooortcooocoi-Hcooor-rtrtco t^*n«vo*^Oi-Hcoc^sovoinvor>i^t^vo*n<nwi^cN'rtvo[^r^oor>rtinooinr> wipM nc^c^c^'Hco»M^*^mTfrt^Dmc^f^HooNt'c^^c«c^^MOc^o^f^^*^, j^inHrtMr*HVOOomNM^r^a»omcATf>nOvoin^voo>NaNN«r-Nh- •rtCOC^VO^C^rtrtiot^^^VOt^cO^CNONCNr^VOwcN \OCJrtOO*COrt*0*rtt^COCN^©"mrttninCo"o*^TO NWM'HHMMHHHHrtnHrliHHHMN^nHNNW'HHHrtHrt J3AE3S ISSpBQ JB3g OSt^t^ONO\inONtn>nin^CN'HrtOO»-icNinVOOrtCN»-irtONOONCOOv\OOOenO\ oocNaseoos©cNcovo©rtO\oo«n*-Hrtr^©»n©OsOsincooocoor>inco»ncoco rt i-H CO CO rt tn <n t~- +* rt SO VI CN CS +-* rt ^t "t ^t CN rn CN i-H CN CN i-i iH rH •a ^-HCNCOrtiriVOr-OoONOi-iCNCOrJ-lnVOr-OOOSO CN CN CN CN CN CN CN CN cs eo co eo co eo co eo eo co en rt , OSOSOSOSOSOSOSOsOsO\OSCAOSOSOsO\OsC^OsOsOsOsOsOSOSOSOsOSOsOsC7vasOSg\ REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 73 t— t— m - i-H in i-H i SO CO i cn q rt CN t— co OS* so O en i-H ©.Os en CN ! «n D | ;e I 00 rt OS j oo m co ! ! © CO i-H CN CS CN *n o as co r- so cs r^i-HcNsoeor-soosi en i-H so t> co r> so i-H i°° \° \ r $»■' ftO **» n Si; ! i I M IMH I ! I I SO\ Os Os 00 m o rt O in rt m en 315 (UWO.SJ3.S3J •a o fl P •5 oj Sb "Ci fl & w w H 3 o & w o a> fl s<aao!S8"««oM9ooB8»«» <(BCqOOUPL,0WZZPHft,0, art 04«H>>> ii o sU fl H c -egg >£ J. 74 BRITISH COLUMBIA Statements Showing Firearms, Fishing-tackle, and Fur Confiscated under the " Game Act," January 1st to December 31st, 1954 Confiscated Firearms The following firearms were confiscated under the " Game Act," January 1st to December 31st, 1954: 42 rifles and 6 shotguns. The sum of $169.47 was received during 1954 from the sale of confiscated firearms. Confiscated Fishing-tackle The following fishing-tackle was confiscated under the " Game Act," January 1st to December 31st, 1954: 10 rods, 10 reels, and 1 speargun. Confiscated Fur The following fur was confiscated under the " Game Act," January 1st to December 31st, 1954: 63 beaver-pelts, 12 lynx-pelts, 16 weasel-pelts, 117 squirrel-pelts, 38 mink-pelts, 167 muskrat-pelts, and 2 marten-pelts. The sum of $517.16 was received during 1954 from the sale of confiscated and surrendered fur. Bounties Paid during the Year Ended December 31st, 1954 Government Agency Wolves $40 $25 Cougar Bounty, $20 Bonus, $20 Coyote, $4 Total Alberni Atlin Barkerville... Burns Lake- Clinton Courtenay Cranbrook. Duncan Fernie Golden Grand Forks.. Kamloops Kaslo Kelowna Lillooet Merritt Nanaimo Nelson New Westminster- Penticton Pouce Coupe Powell River Prince George Prince Rupert Princeton Quesnel Revelstoke Rossland Smithers Salmon Arm.. Vanderhoof- Vancouver Victoria Vernon Williams Lake— Totals- 42 10 ~44 " 5 1 ~9 " 3 1 — 35 — 131 95 ~ — ""19 15 14 1 28 373 54 2 14 77 5 19 6 9 11 25 3 25 5 1 6 1 2 2 2 16 1 3 4 1 3 47 10 43 26 3 43 17 1 10 21 17 4 13 400 156 22 68 126 ~SS6 ~35 56 5 135 6 34 55 268 30 4 12 227 276 30 29 108 13 14 34 38 54 21 ""89 468 2,343 $1,600.00 338.00 1,412.00 964.00 2,525.00 444.00 720.00 260.00 449.00 440.00 1,475.00 84.00 136.00 320.00 1,072.00 920.00 220.00 36.00 168.00 1,803.00 40.00 4,379.00 2,535.00 156.00 812.00 72.00 116.00 611.00 232.00 611.00 494.00 1,305.00 636.00 4,112.00 $31,497.00 Note.—Coyote bounty discontinued, effective August 1st, 1954. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 75 Comparative Statement of Bounties Paid from 1922 to 1954, Inclusive Calendar Year Wolves Cougars Bonus Cougars Coyotes Crows Magpies Eagles Owls Amount 1922 1923- 1924 1925 303 162 195 291 336 344 452 411 312 310 1 221 561 837 828 915 1,159 1,659 1,002 1,039 1,017 1,321 1,202 932 1,102 1,156 1,180 991 753 728 544 415 372 195 173 137 183 372 444 530 491 701 8 628 572 430 599 423 384 366 285 196 261 265 301 472 461 519 725 524 395 488 465 500 400 1,092 1,687 5,175 7,276 14,070 20,192 3,672 1,881 1,544 2,864 53,443 . 172 5,770 10,046 2,246 70 2,487 3,427 7,095 20 89 17,625 172 1,025 1,389 403 1 $60,494.80 14,840.00 20,398.40 24,397.00 1926 41,077.00 1927 65,377.95 1928 1929 1930 50,709.25 42,122.00 36,090.25 1931 42,036.15 1932 • 80.00 1933 - 6,285.00 1934 6,825.00 1935 .. - 1,877 1,950 1,400 2,094 1,971 2,038 1,924 1,546 1,221 1,259 5,506 2,720 2,976 3,911 6,847 9,822 5,202 4,769 4,425 2,343 12,374.00 1936 . 20,350.00 1937- . 19,540.00 1938 - 21,018.00 1939 , . 26,399.00 1940 rE 23,131.00 1941 : _ 16,868.00 1942 . 17,397.00 1943- 16,587.00 1944. 1945- - 1946 20,243.00 46,627.00 22,392 00 1947 1948. 1949- 36,386.00 58,344.00 70,501.00 1950 59 185 156 73,688.00 1951- 51,133.00 1952 48,551.00 1953 1954. 45,645.00 31,497.00 Totals 22,679 13,265 400 125,254 69,431 8,230 7,204 20,615 $1,089,403.80 Note.—Bonus cougars are included in the number of cougars presented for bounty. j J 76 BRITISH COLUMBIA Big-game Trophy Fees Paid by Non-residents, January 1st to December 31st, 1954 Species Government Agency i o u cs o m rt g «l Mo s Q .o *H a U as a 0 y 5 s Q 11 • to 0(6 | cs O cs A tat i a S 0. 5 5 0 u §■9 0 0 I 3 B Amount Atlin l l 9 1 9 2 17 13 1 5 21 7 8 2 3 4 ~2 49 " 7 1 17 23 1 1 22 3 14 3 7 ~2 1 11 6 _6 4 6 "37 5 i 10 2 ~5 1 2 164 ""6 3 7 21 4 2 1 21 54 ""T 2 "7 "2 ~3 10 3 2 16 25 1 29 30 6 5 38 13 10 ~ 2 1 T6 2 13 7 1 ~4 11 2 5 5 1 47 7 7 2 5 ~T 3 11 12 695 "4 2 20 20 ~9 3 29 41 33 36 7 "3 "4 16 ""64 40 ~45 15 $495.00 660.00 830.00 47,045.00 80.00 3,700.00 325.00 5,835.00 4,090.00 100.00 595.00 260.00 1,710.00 4,200.00 50.00 4,890.00 3,135.00 990.00 25.00 180.00 280.00 50.00 210.00 25.00 2,225.00 1,200.00 25.00 4,945.00 Totals 110 176 70 3 303 212 105 1,015 100 $88,155.00 80.00 Less refunds TntaJ $88,075.00 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 77 Prosecutions (Provincial Game Divisions), January 1st to December 3 1st, 1954 Description of Offence Divisions (See Foot-note) fl-a •aw ° <» si Fines or Penalties Imposed Game Animals Allowing dog to run deer. - Buying or selling game animals illegally- Exceeding bag-limit on game animals.. Hunting or killing game animals with rim-fire shells or metal-cased bullets Hunting, killing, or possession of game animals under 1 year of age Hunting, killing, or possession of game animals or parts thereof during close season.. Hunting, killing, or possession of game animals of female sex Hunting or killing big game with shotgun Hunting big game from power-boat.. Keeping big-game animals in captivity without a permit- Pit-lamping or hunting game animals at night- Possession of game animals in logging camp, hotel, etc Possession of untagged moose, elk, goat, or deer Possession of game animals with sex removed Firearms Carrying firearms on game reserve Carrying loaded firearms or discharging same from automobile Carrying or possession of unplugged shotgun,. Discharging firearms on or across highway- Minors carrying firearms unaccompanied by an adult.. Non-residents in possession of unsealed firearms Licences Non-resident carrying firearms or hunting without a licence— - Non-resident carrying tackle or fishing without a licence Resident carrying firearms or hunting without a licence Resident carrying tackle or fishing without a licence Fur Trade and Trapping Interfering or trapping on another person's trap-line Possession of untagged beaver-pelts Trading in fur without a licence.. Trapping or carrying traps without a licence- Trapping or possession of fur during close season- Trapping beyond the bounds of his registered trap-line Trapper allowing another person to use his line without a permit... Upland Game Birds Allowing dogs to run during prohibited time- Hunting pheasants during prohibited hours.. Hunting or possession of upland game birds during close season _ Possession of untagged pheasants Possession of more birds than daily bag-limit _ Migratory Game and Non-game Birds Hunting migratory game birds from power-boat.... Hunting migratory game birds during the night. Hunting migratory game birds with a rifle- Hunting migratory game birds during close season- Hunting migratory game birds in closed area Using bait to attract migratory game birds- Possession of migratory game birds with plumage removed 24 32 3 4 5 2 47 2 22 3 84 100 20 3 1 1 1 ~~3 1 2 2 4 4 2 2 3 3 9 10 46 50 21 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 2 2 22 25 11 12 3 3 182 187 4 6 4 4 14 15 9 9 18 19 42 42 181 201 210 213 5 6 7 7 2 2 6 6 17 20 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 22 26 7 7 1 1 7 8 59 68 5 5 22 27 4 4 1 1 1 1 $35.00 50.00 175.00 70.00 410.00 3,065.00 1,630.00 10.00 40.00 10.00 1,050.00 20.00 285.00 135.00 85.00 2,567.00 40.00 40.00 155.00 90.00 635.00 460.00 2,057.50 2,230.00 625.00 465.00 75.00 180.00 475.00 200.00 10.00 20.00 10.00 675.00 85.00 20.00 70.00 615.00 65.00 690.00 55.00 20.00 10.00 J 78 BRITISH COLUMBIA Prosecutions (Provincial Game Divisions), January 1st TO December 3 1st, 1954—Continued Divisions (See Foot-note) si co s Fines or Description of Offence rt 4 3e Penalties "A" "P." "C" "D" "E" I o '> a Imposed P U Special Fishery Regulations 5 2 33 40 40 $415.00 1 1 1 20.00 Commercial fishing for salmon without required licence- 1 1 1 15.00 3 2 3 1 7 8 250.00 4 3 15 22 22 220.00 5 8 4 3 14 17 331.00 Possessing or using salmon roe in prohibited area 5 5 1 11 11 125.00 Taking or possession of undersized trout- , 1 10 11 11 245.00 1 1 1 25.00 Using more than one rod or line... 2 8 10 10 100.00 Using gear designed to catch more than one fish- _ 6 1 7 7 40.00 1 1 1 5.00 Miscellaneous 1 1 1 50.00 1 1 1 5.00 niving false information tn nhtain a licence 2 1 2 4 1 1 9 10 105.00 1 2 3 3 30.00 1 1 1 1 2 10.00 Guiding on other than his own area - 1 1 . 2 2 60.00 Guide failing to complete form on non-resident firearms 1 1 1 3 3 3 60.00 1 1 1 25.00 Non-resident hunting big game without a guide 6 2 4 6 95.00 Obstructing Game Warden and giving false information. 1 2 1 4 1 7 8 100.00 Parent failing in responsibility when minor carrying fire- 4 1 1 18 2 1 21 1 23 10.00 250.00 3 5 1 7 8 105.00 Using another person's licence 1 1 2 2 125.00 1 1 1 10.00 Totals 100 113 327 255 446 83 1,158 1,241 $22,540.50 Gaol Sentences Illegal hunting, killing, or possession of game animals of female sex—2, total of thir ty day s. Carrying loaded firearms or discharging same from automobile—1, one day. Interfering or trapping on another person's trap-line—1, three months. Possession of untagged beaver-pelts—3, total of three months. Trapping or possession of fur during close season—3, total of four months and ten c ays. Note.—"A" Division: Vancouver Island area and part of Mainland. " B " Div isron: Koote nay an I Boundary areas. " C " Division: Kamloops, Yale, Okanagan, Cariboo, and Lillooet areas. 'D" Divisio n: Atlin, Skeena, Omineca, Fort George, Peace River, and Yukon Boundary areas. " E " Division: Vane ouver, Coast, and Lower Mainland areas. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 79 ! to On H Z W Q O u < b z Q z < o z H z EJ a OS p 3 3 I z ft*. s s d s> OJ U. n. o o« "•2 o a QJ O CJ ^ <U S a 5z3 Q— nj 00 g g 'C 'C 5 © *C *4-H ^ O 03 a <o to rfi \-* s ° "3 5.3 S .£? oj 3 M" 'O ii 3 S S ft -3 •h &- to > a aj gp.S B •S.3 1 2§2§2 T3 -o 3 g 'a u «££ a * o DO M o ,3 "E "G co *o .23 *0 "O T3 c "a to to to Cd Iw CD CD iy JU 3 u « OJ CO aj : 5535 5 5 3 3 3' " 2 11 cS 3 rt £ jB OJ ^, <u T3 C — S 3 C M3 5 Q 3 O Jg S . *j o ^ n Q J J3 %>? s£ 3 -a o 3 <£ to cC'E 3d J3 a a o o 00 M M c a o c a a cm a A 43 <D O o M <D CD 5? a O <D CO q l-H £ UU 3 £ M WJ'G I bo JS rt tS J- a 0 o> O c to !S -£* § 3 •& 'o "C U3 'cj **h aj 'C'C° 4= 0 o » £ CJ) CO 03 ; 7= 6 =3 .S3 ° 3 3-3 ; OJ u ■°? o 5 » of J3 " QJ OJ c* ij; — tu 3 i c * S «*3 S ■M 09 3 3 aj CO 0 cfl |ij hfr ** BZ H 22 M c ft 5, ca t. ja aj u jo z S ft. <c £ (2< ^h cj tn o\ h 3B, . O ^ l, 11 (5b s S 3 E 5 3^ ^ E * r o o " ab s a 3 3 s s 35 cj « r3 ^ £ o 9 M WsJ u § cU ccj E* i y ■S .3 § c CA es QJ M CO 0 051 si 3 J cc Q -a CU CD ■H "4- cu* <u 0 g- <*. 0 a « CO <»J hJ « W S o 3 CO > CI H » «< on m m \o J 80 BRITISH COLUMBIA Summary of Game-fish Culture Distributions, Showing Eggs, Fry, Fingerlings, and Yearlings, etc., 1954 Kind of Game Fish Eggs Fry Fingerlings Yearlings 14V4 Months 15 Months 17*5 Months 2 Years 5 Years 15,060 306,188 170,744 2,276 61,058 160,369 42,030 5,920 13,000 1,000 35,600 4,000 951,538 10,610 235 4,183,000 1,727,927 4,000 Totals 4,198,060 2,204,859 1,001,748 265,733 5,920 13,000 4,000 1,000 235 Summary of Game-fish Eggs, Fry, Fingerlings, and Yearlings, etc., at Departmental Hatcheries, December 31st, 1954 Hatchery Cohoe (Fingerlings) Cut-throat (Yearlings) Eastern Brook (Eggs) Great Lakes (2 Years) Kamloops (Fry or Fingerlings) Steelhead (Yearlings) 119,000 21,400 43,881 Smiths Falls 19,040 35,760 6,765 338,450 77,466 100 Totals 19,040 35,760 119,000 100 366,615 121,347 Eggs Fry Fingerlings _ Yearlings \AVz months 15 months YlVi months 2 years 5 years Summary Total distributions On hand at hatcheries, December 31st, 1954_. 4,198,060 2,204,859 1,001,748 265,733 5,920 13,000 4,000 1,000 235 7,694,555 661,862 Total 8,356,417 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 81 a o o 1 ca M 2 "~> co on P | z m S H z w § w o o rS s 9 w C/J Ph a ! i i i O cfl oo to § a CO 00 II & ft s o o o en m O m T* 1-1 O § ro Os oc CA O o o i I ! ! CJ 1 ts I tn r o o o o oo SDrt 1 1 1 8 i j o O 1 O 1 ° ! o ! *n i ts j j i j en" 00 >n o ^t «rt m o o o o o o O O O O Q Q o q on q © 5 on en c* en ci d ss o o O <Tl o 00 i-H <n *"* o wo OCAO o o o o o o j o j CO I o o I o o ! O O CO w IS ID S ° 8 -o l«Sg,E ^ Ih O h S BIMUUU 32 s a Mrl OS 1-4 32 1,3 ■§ " IS b •3 „ "S S3 s s ca s S ca m i 3 < 5?AS* §j Z Oh CPS W C/j &0 fl c CJ . rjW "^ tH I I 1 H 13 & o a &£• if 3d ■3caKcj^Sl-1^5 , a 3.1J"» * t i rt *o ww ^ >, »H »h4 ,h OputirtOrtK 1 °f "3 " J3 °* Oput-irtOrtffl UUOQOffiW,-! J 82 BRITISH COLUMBIA "« T) **J <D a a s d a a o n y 1 f z > o ■o tr\ On ►h £ P 1 H Z H § W O < z w 5 w B ca , a ! O O © O ! O © © O j O O O O i 1 1 Is 1 "ill i I ! CC M 3 3 b ft OOOO OOOO O IO j i OOOO i ° ! en -tj- m -^ r" t | 1 1 o o o o l-H O OOOOO [OOOOOOO OOOO-rf OOOOOOO © qo^on jqwqqo^o o^ tn *n cf i>" ^f icrT'cfi>>nu-roCi<n o o o o in i j | | | i i i si « Oh S3 J * s 11 "~ OJ £ jq — » CJ ■811 . ca w ca « a. ca - S»-S g &c g «. «3>3 s« la JlaSjtfAS 13 S £ £ M ft < ca > > ■SI'S B,fl£ ' all S » S3 2 3 3 no'S «•« a . o >> -* D 03 „. [ P<-: >5wB3<piUi3Z(£ 5 3 2 ■* •3, ca U_l Sq to -o 3 q Q « 5 os 3 oj O cj u 1) rt OS — t j cj-o W 3 Bi OJ M « hH CJ CJ r- o SJ 3 O ^ <<buoq6bb . ca oj « • J M M 1 M ca ca >* QJ ■80 n 3 "•a .8.2 3 .g 3 3 O u CJ ftft i£S REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 83 ) O O ! O c IOC . . j o o^o o i irido'in l rt os en tn \ so tn ca I I oooooooo :ooo oooooooo looo 0000^000 jqtnq O *n tn en en 00 as *n j so tn so 0 0 : 0 en <n 1 OOOOOOO 1000 OOOOOOO iOOO O O O O <~-> c_: :. 00 qq o_ O^ K »n tn *n o" o" r-" en qqq NtNin SO O O O O O O O O O O O q «n o ©_ O o o in i> o in <n en o 0 O 0 O 0 Os O O eN in q i o o o o 00 o'xf 00 tN IS 144 cc j-a « a 13 j * •gHol'H'SSl » P 3 u g a u i-i >-, kJ S hJ 2 2 aj " .J4 ca rt J3^rt O dS'-i Ih ] <u Ph »u a •9 U Sou fas "ca wi ca «H _ «* SS|h « a e E 1* o 3 o 00 3 «J N wWO J a b "J cji? Hit 000s 8-* ■a 3 cj 0 KZ la 5 Ml! 3 OJ CJ Ss'JS3 o§8>, O w cj cj hISphB! ca a u B CJ | it -O 0 5 3 . •c* S _ .52 3 js ca 8ft 13 5 « "J* H l-l'cB* is. •* *J 3 CJ £ 3 0 Bggj " £ £ 5«i« tn "^.^ajla^aj"^ JSn^jlajMcoca 5o£322|§.S HwfiQftO^«W J 84 BRITISH COLUMBIA ts T) vu (1) a 3 •S s. .0 'B c o n U O 1 Z 4 o >o CO On >-< H Z c w a § a. w o a < c, < ft !aj o- r/> >, w C B if i/j a to Ct 1 M 60 « ■2h 11 i i V 2 I : : : : 6 o 1 ! rt I 1 B o 1 b tfl CO cm ; | |q o_ in 1 fa 1 1 i ! en m <n j | j CA ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! [ bo i i ] i | a : i i tH j 1 i j rt u i ;* Ih 1 o o s„i 8 in S S © o o o qq5 to a o If Hi 1 I \o en ■<* en C-" ci o 1 oooooooo oo :i : io O : O 1 ! O O O ! o ed 8 o o o o o o g o o i o o o o o o o w £ qqiflO O^ o^ o in in O o_ oo : qoq o d m" so Os o o" \o oo i*- cf i cs d tH <Z> CAO o" fa Os ■* en ■ c^ CA rt w tn o © 1 OOOOOOO O 1 o i 2 O o O O O O O Q O OOOOOOO O ! p W o O ! o o 00 bo w 0 C-l o O tn O O o o © i Q o m as en >n m o o ^ SO oo » w fa Ph O ,M tH CJ OT CJJ 00 a o o 3 3 : j 1 Ih ft" 5 m 6 CD , ■ | 1 i 1 co rt fa & ft j i ! i j Cfl on 1 9 Ih OS [ to ! ! * j | i cj co j 00 CO ■ ■ 1 i s ! I I i j O fa-3 | | u JB ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! s U 1 i 1 ! ' ! fa J 1 1 j I 1 1 j M j i OO fa j 1 1 n i i ! cu 3 to | zi t \ & a o U 1 >, CO c i ! i Q J X Hi ■ i CJ "rt cu Cj C §•1 £* 3 E ffl o i c p | ! 4 H U B ca 5 cs> Gun Clu and Gun and Gun and Gun d Gun CI * & Cfl rt g Cfl ,g 0) *H *-S ft hi c 3 41 1 1 1 ! S < Sh 1> cu u CO ►H jS ( e. CI a fl a « 1- ' C 1- 1 to 03 t-i C to a a 1 a a 0 Rod and ley Rod ;ek Rod -ge Rod ; : Rod an pelle, Sa Hatchei ar (priva mpson ( tals s 3 : a a ■ 1 1 a c r- 1 e r- 1 4! ! 4 o H ° "flJ 1 a -5 | M to «. rt jj w « Js 'O O rt J*d *J i_J . «i -^ U u n o - -^ i-J ii 1=5 1-^ : t ,- i ■38&£hS«ffi£r5irc fi^fS|-gJ3gaa § - 5 ^ -s = 4 >o^^u3>yOrt^CMcfl g b S ^ S S &£ >.s : m CQ P3 CQ PQ U U Q 0 o.aHDaffS«3^a3j?CfliJoojH - _1 j20HI«mcoHHP:Pim0ft>Wfth-l<S < 5 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 85 j j j 1 ) : | ! : ; j i j j | | j \ O in O o rt m ci 10,000 10,000 1,825 15,000 18,000 © © in ! © O ; © o ! © © i ci in 1 rt rt 88 TfO en O d © © 11 ci r- o 8 in © O ©^ en 8 in oo m rt CA CA O 5,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 •n So din 7,500 13,000 5,000 15,000 © o q O O o d o o © £ m O r^o" d o o o o o o o o o o o in o in o_ o o o d 88 O O oo"m" O 8 en i i i | i i i I i j 1 i i 88 © © do" en m j o o o o" so © O o d en 1 i i j i i i 1 1 ! 1 ! 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 ! i i j i i ! i i | | 1 i i l i ! 1 i j i i i 1 i i i i i 1 i i ! in OS © tn i ON ON i I | i : j i i ! i i ! ! 1 j i i 1 i ! i i j 1 \ 1 i i I i j i i 1 ! 1 i i i ] ; | i 1 1 i 1 i 1 i i i ! i ! | ! 1 l i 1 i j 1 i i i i j I ! | I ! 1 j 1 ; i i i | i ! ; ; 1 i ! j 1 j i 4. A <L 4) is Z CO 4 03 C CJ >- fit C5 4. 0 S 0 •J 4J 4. H -pi 4. rt 4) u rt OJ 43 fit fid C3 s-l 4 fi, a CJ fit 03 to a a CJ ,i cd CJ CJ C CJ CJ H « fi, fi. to to fi* a fi* rt to fi* 03 r-i Ih C > rt to fi* to to fi* a CJ u R fcH CJ X < a X a 0 c (31 a s. 3 U 3 3 0 ■a 3 o Cfl •a c o ft Oil g io CC C o c to > 3 U 3 3 0 •o 3 3 •a Gardom L Green Lak Harmon L Hathiume Headwater Heffley Lai Hyas Lake a > ,J«o«j«^ ««^S^^SS ,3-1153 « cj^'] au^-^ a"H-s to S^SflS 1 fl t 4 §~oasO§ubi»5o!?J4:s^«Hi^3»a"aS2g.5g'Jgcg^g J 86 BRITISH COLUMBIA "^3 Tt HJ CD ^ id a: fl s f o n U 1 V z 1 o lo CO p\ > Q On e H z c UJ a s Oh BJ o a < Pi z v. < H J8 *+-. 0 g> 2 1 3 i? B9 a CO to cfl be oo CJ CQ I] ft3 Afi & ft CJ OT MM 3 3 b ft OOO OOO o o m 1 1 o o © © O tN CO © 1 1 OS ON r- in so © : © ! ND 1 O ! d i tN in © in tN <S m m ©„© in in © © ©* oo i 1 i 1 ! i >n O o r» o o en o o O o 8 8 o o O NO 00 m O CO 1 <N *"* 5 * —.3 O ^J aj ot ca ^ 3 73 2 -£ 3 .6 » « S.6 S oj > w £ 3. -3 'C & a | - > >> 3 g & is .a __ a hJ o a: .Si ■2 B u «■£ X — z: cs OJ T3 -S ■a a £ o 0 Hi £ 3 1-1*. S ft < 4 ci „iJ g .* oo cj j «'«> s L,JhJ>i.j5hlHC^JljJc.>,0G h„j=5 « TJ, •£ o | S-o^ > ™ ot g * « 3 t3 ot ~ -3 MSc- S aj .3 J- ca ^ *- il 333 mcacqUUQQ«MftWftOMffi^.i?J REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 87 i ; ! 1 i i 1 i i 1 O ON eN 5,070 10,000 11,600 11,560 20,000 © o o in o NO m" © NO m ■<fr o oo- eN © o o © no ^r o o *"1 °i ^ °i en oo" ci t> rt CA o CN en ■cj- s ON* o © 00 NO oo <n cien o o ON CO CO On CO <n CO o 8 »n" CN | | CA m © in (N O © ^H in"©" 5h tN NO NO SB in o" tN rt ON © in o ; © i © i *~t i o o o in tN 88 >o o_ in in eN 1 o o in o o 00 ri © o © d en | © ! O ! O ! © ! o ; o O o d i \ 1 j \ j i i © © o o © sC dm* tN TT © © o d © o Ii dm" tN rt 1 CO © CN © © © ^h"©" o © 88 o"o" rt CA | i | 1 i j | 1 1 \ \ 1 ! i i ! | 1 ! 1 i 1 1 i ! | 1 1 i i i j 1 o m CN ON eN ; 1 | j i i i © o in oo" © o © i : © © ! ! go en i ON l> I \ so os j j GO © o o m" 1 o IS in ! N a 8 «n I ! ! ! 1 j i 1 ; j | j 4 fi* cc h- 0 c q 4 fi* : (j C C c r- 4. fit - i I « 0 1- c E .- % i 1 4 fi* ci r~ | rt c ? * t 4 £ "5 (2 4 fif 1- 1 a s. \ 4 4 H I 4 « >- t c 4 i c 4 CC a i 1 1 c 0 < 1 4 .J, ti ° H 1 4 fi* | 0 i C fi* 4 4 6 i c a - c s 4, fit a r- CC cc cc 1- 1 r U 3 a fi* cc 1 I a £ 4, fi* cc C | 1 el C c p c .= [ F .1 c OT ■a 3 * 0 Tl 0 J a, Cfl rt O L. 01 CJ c g 4. R 4 C > CC PC 43 M 0 >- £ J C fi* i 4. | c £ CC c cv « CC E ■1 4. fit — a. T PC 4 3 ■o 1 s a a U e cc 1 < OJ 43 CC — 1 c c * t c c < 4J CS - i > r C 4 C c > « cc ■c l> .c % 0 4. CC » > c c C c c g 4. ic cc H N > a E i C c > rt a c CJ 4 = c 4J CC A C 4 C c '•I : r CC t c tr i * a. * c r- c c c ~- « s E S c - a a £ s % CJ c Z ! c e cc Pi a. cc: a 4 fi, J a. IS c PC i CI i X l-H CJ > c i p CJ z CC 5 c. c cr 41 « k- > g C 43 fi. > CC v" 1 F Cfl CJ ■3 rt CI 3 % s- J 88 BRITISH COLUMBIA Cfl o pq « o m CO b o Q z CO 4> 't-i CJ •S rt PI tH O Cfl CJ, Ct CO So OO w I a o o 1 is Cfl DO § H rt fi o 8 ci j O (N © ON 1 1 i j u to Cfl oc oo •si ft-5 o © ©^ © o o o in tn 46,000 77,000 13,000 8,000 14,000 11,000 8 tN © © © ■■a- 20,000 3,000 10,000 o o o o in O ciin" en © © © © OOOO Tf O O © \OHO' m rt ft O © o © © © inrn" 8 O © ON 8 O On © 8 8 O oo" 8 IS o 1 © 00 ! ND o o q tN M w i i 8 O ©" O © © d ■5 © i © i i i ! 3 O (H m I w tH cj cfl oo oc a c fa" i j \ 1 1 ! j i ! ! \ i ! 1 ! j | i ; i i i 1 Hi m NO ci in I i c3 5 Cfl OC C iH H rt CJ >< : • \ ! 41 Cfl 60 DC 0 j ! | 1 i ! 1 i ! b ft i Cfl OC 00 w ; ] i | i i j | ! | j j 3 .2 ed tH §° in co M pi a o 3 | tH cd 1 1 0 a 1 CJ | i. B | S2 IS >H S! 1 z § « B a '- o £ $ o < c a 4. fi* CC H a •C C c [ e C T j t > rt ,0 Cariboo District Loon Creek Hatchery * M 0. « 4, > 1 4. 4, * 4. £ cc r- 4. 4. 4 4, fit CC F 4. f 1 4, fit « 4, fl fi* fi* 4, ? ? a fi*i rt -1 in * Upper Ar Whatshan New Den* J. Avis (p Beaverda Bridge La 1 c f u Crystal L Deka Lak Eagan La Fawn Lai Five Mile George L Horse La Kelly Lak Kwotlene Lac la Ha McLean ) McLeese Machete'. Mowich I Pavilion I Puntzi Cr Sawmill L Sharpe La Sheridan Spout Lai Sulphuroi REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 ! ! I 188 ! ! no cc 1 i M j © o o OOO OOO I © © I © © I O m ! i SJ CS fl) to v_- la ,4 VMS* a i-i »s. i-aa» ft« s-cl^-a s £ i 1-3 33 in 8 al.ci-sSS^ 0 a £ -o ca g i* J 90 BRITISH COLUMBIA <u > g 5 1~H o Ol' u .^> Ci *> n CO k H cV Z Co M Oji § ■S w a <C z a. < m-. ->; o ^ i/j k BJ « C* £ W F Oi s *n Ph iJ a 1-1 n 22 ! I I ! I I I I I I I I .1 I Mill O O IOOO *-< Q 1NOO ©.5 I OOO cod c^-t-^o ! 12 I I I a * ma II 4> W 1 * o JJ > J« O cj > O .s cj •£ 5 H w td " a ih cj cj a S fi os o £** 3 en co OB.HH oj g S •£ 15 13 a 2k 5a cd cd -IS i" s o m i-i ai „ «U H g-a| 8 e-g -- cd 3 r* cj > <VUZtn& a. cd > I a Htn REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 91 Returns from 2,275 Holders of Special Firearms Licences Showing Big Game, Fur-bearing Animals, and Predatory Animals Killed, Season 1954-55 Big Game Bear 433 Caribou 1 21 Deer 524 Moose 401 Mountain-goat „ Mountain-sheep Wapiti (elk) __ Fur-bearing Animals Beaver 8,070 Fisher . Fox Lynx Marten _ Mink Muskrats 443 308 1,918 4,410 14,245 31,108 Otter Racoon _ Skunk Squirrels _ Weasels _ Wildcat ____ Wolverine 30 6 40 456 479 119 125,571 12,270 133 128 Cougar 93 Coyotes 1,226 Predatory Animals Wolves 4 136 J 92 BRITISH COLUMBIA Summary of Liberation of Game Birds, 1954 Area Vancouver Island— Alberni _ _ Pheasants Chukar Partridges Courtenay Cowichan . — Duncan Galiano Island _ _ _ _ . _ __ 295 196 Ladysmith Nanaimo-Parksville _. - - 196 Victoria (North and South Saanich) _ _ 96 Saltspring Island 32 Totals 815 Lower Mainland— Abbotsford Agassiz Burnaby Chilliwack Delta Dewdney Essondale Hatzic Lulu Island 160 100 100 711 _ 1,757 _ 125 275 . 1,867 Langley Matsqui __ _ _ . ... 36 492 Mission Nicomen Island . 112 449 Pitt Meadows _ _ _ _ _ 1,252 Port Coquitlam Sumas Prairie .. _ - - ___. 600 Surrey 644 Totals 8,680 Interior— Armstrong Ashcroft _ _ 100 48 Bella Coola Cache Creek Chase Clinton Creston ____ __ _ __ _ 64 404 Dawson Creek Enderby Fort St. John 100 Grand Forks __.. 202 Kamloops Keremeos Merritt Oliver 229 250 _ 200 106 ... 100 208 144 Totals 1,655 500 Note.—Total cost covering purchase of all game birds listed was $30,653.80. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 93 Statement of Game-bird Farmers, 1954 Number and Kind of Birds on Hand as at January 1st, 1954 Pheasants 7,241 Ducks 61 Quail 40 Partridge 659 Number and Kind of Birds Raised, 1954 Pheasants 17,529 Ducks 3 Quail 10 Partridge 925 Number and Kind of Birds Purchased, 1954 Pheasants 661 Quail 114 Number and Kind of Birds Sold, 1954 Pheasants 13,723 Ducks 51 Quail 82 Partridge 885 Number and Kind of Birds Killed, 1954 Pheasants 4,160 Ducks 5 Quail 40 Partridge 1 Number and Kind of Birds on Hand as at December 31st, 1954 Pheasants 7,548 Ducks 8 Quail 42 Partridge 698 Note.—During the year 1954 there were 118 licensed game-bird farmers in the Province, but during the year 1954 twenty-four of these farmers discontinued business. There were three nil returns. Game-bird bands sold to licensed game-bird farmers during the year 1954 amounted to $257.70 (2,577 bands at 10 cents each). Miscellaneous Revenue, 1954 Sale of Lists to Various Licence-holders, etc. 17 Game Convention minutes at 75 cents per copy $12.75 2,577 game-bird bands at 10 cents each 257.70 148 trap-line transfer fees ($2.50 each) 370.00 Proceeds, sale of live fur-bearing animals 10.00 Proceeds, permits to export game meat 81.50 Proceeds, fee for tagging deer and moose hides 202.50 Proceeds, sale of one fur-trader's list 1.50 LIST OF GUIDES AND NON-RESIDENT OUTFITTERS Definition of Guide Licence Classifications A First-class Guide shall be one who has acted as a guide in the Province for a period of at least three years in the ten years immediately preceding his application for a guide's licence, and who has suitable equipment for outfitting any person desiring to hunt game. A Second-class Guide shall be one who has acted as a guide in the Province for a period of at least three years in the ten years immediately preceding his application for a guide's licence, but who cannot qualify as a First-class Guide. An Assistant Guide shall be one who cannot qualify as either a First-class or Second- class Guide, and shall be entitled to act as a guide in the hunting of game birds or in J 94 BRITISH COLUMBIA angling for trout, and after securing a permit so to do from the Game Commission, when employed by or under the supervision of a First- or Second-class Guide, to guide big- game hunters. Vancouver Island and Mainland Coast North to North End of Vancouver Island Class of Class of Name and Address of Guide Licence Name and Address of Guide Licence Flesher, Eric Reed, Phillips Arm 2nd Robertson, George Roderick, 2329 Blan- Hancock, Arthur, Cowichan Lake 1st shard St., Victoria 2nd Johnson, Herbert J., 340 Railway Ave., Ryan, J., Campbell River 2nd Nanaimo 2nd Saharchuk, Allan, Box 534, Hope 1st Kirkman, Jack, Harrison Hot Springs 2nd Stanton, James R., P.O. Box 3400, Van- Marshall, Donald, Campbell River 2nd couver 1st Parkin, Alvin, Campbell River 2nd Williamson, David, Campbell River. 2nd Mainland Coast (Stewart South, Including Bella Coola) Name and Address of Guide Brynildsen, G. A., Bella Coola_. Bugnella, Angelo, Stewart- Class of Licence —- 1st —. 2nd Class of Licence 1st Edwards, Ralph A., Bella Coola 2nd Elsey, George Allen, Bella Coola 2nd Fraser, J. G, Sandspit 2nd Mack, Clayton, Bella Coola 1st Name and Address of Guide Nygaard, Martin, Bella Coola Nygaard, Wilfred, Bella Coola .. 2nd Siwallace, Andrew S., Bella Coola 2nd Skuce, Herb, c/o West Tahtsa, Kemano 1st Stanwood, Larry, 145 Ninth St., Prince Rupert 2nd Adams Lake-Salmon Arm-Revelstoke-Vernon Areas Class of Name and Address of Guide Licence Name and Address of Guide DeSimone, Sam, Revelstoke 1st Kachuck, John, Trout Lake Donnelly, Charles W., Salmon Arm 2nd LaForme, George W., Revelstoke—. Gardiner, Robert, Sicamous 1st May, Arthur William, Celista Hansen, Chas. E., Cherryville 2nd Melinchuk, Fred, Ewings Landing- Harrison, Robert Owen, Squilax 1st Potts, William, Chase Hurstfield, Frances, Scotch Creek 2nd Upper, Clarence F., Revelstoke Class of Licence _ 2nd ..- 1st .____ 2nd -- 2nd ._ 2nd .~~ 2nd Cassiar District (Atlin-Telegraph Creek District) Class of Class of Name and Address of Guide Licence Name and Address of Guide Licence Ball, Robert E. A., Telegraph Creek 2nd Dennis, John Creyke, Telegraph Creek 1st Callison, Frederick C, Atlin 1st Edzerza, George, Atlin 1st Carlick, John, Telegraph Creek 2nd Jack, Alex., Telegraph Creek 2nd Carlick, Tom, Telegraph Creek 1st Nyman, Robert, Atlin 2nd Carlick, Walter, Telegraph Creek 2nd Simpson, Walter S., Telegraph Creek 2nd Clever, Gene B., Bennett 2nd Tashoots, Frank Pete, Telegraph Creek 2nd Dennis, Alex., Telegraph Creek 2nd Williams, Jack, Atlin 2nd Kamloops District (Savona-North Thompson-Clearwater- Spences Bridge-Merritt) Class of Class of Name and Address of Guide Licence Name and Address of Guide Licence Archibald, D. A., Clearwater. 2nd Grant, Gordon, McLure 1st Blackman, William, Valemount 2nd Helset, Ted, Clearwater 1st Blair, Percy, Little Fort 2nd Hogue, John, Clearwater. 1st Boule, James, Savona 1st Hoover, Eldred, Westsyde 1st Brown, Starr A., Little Fort 2nd Humphrey, Ashton C, Knutsford 2nd Burdett, George, Savona 1st Johnston, Stan, Black Pool 2nd Burdett, Loretta, Savona 2nd Korsvick, George Emil, Valemount 2nd Carter, Cecil, Black Pool 2nd Lafave, Everett, Louis Creek 2nd Comeau, William R., Savona 1st Lafave, George E., Louis Creek 2nd Cooper, Norman, Savona 2nd Lafave, John W., R.R. 1, Louis Creek 1st DeVooght, Roger P., Vavenby 2nd Latremouille, Joseph, Little Fort 1st Ellis, Douglas K., Kamloops 1st Lean, Theodore, Clearwater 1st Farquharson, Jim, Kamloops 2nd Loveway, Thomas, Little Fort 2nd Fennell, Amos C, Chu Chua 2nd Ludtke, Charles, Clearwater 2nd Gourlay, James, Barriere 1st Ludtke, Laurence, Clearwater 1st REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 95 Kamloops District (Savona-North Thompson-Clearwater- Spences Bridge-Merritt)—Continued Name and Address of Guide McDiarmid, Garfield, Clearwater McGarrigle, W. J., Little Fort Modrall, Thomas F., East Black Pool 2nd Class of Licence _ 1st ... 2nd Mountford, Gordon E., Merritt.. Murray, George E., Savona Nelson, Gerald, Black Pines.. 2nd 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd Rodgers, Francis A., Spences Bridge 2nd Peacock, C, Box 537, Kamloops.. Perry, Samuel, Kamloops Petersen, Ross, Savona Pringle, Joseph, Westwold Rainer, Karl, Darfield.. Name and Address of Guide Sand, Martin J., Vavenby Scott, Duncan, Barriere Small, Reginald, Clearwater.. Stadnyk, Mural, Falkland Tupper, James J., Savona Turner, John, Criss Creek.. Tuson, Clifford, Copper Creek.. Welland, Tom, Red Lake Whittaker, John, Lac le Jeune, Kamloops Wilson, Donald, Vinsulla Wood, Benjamin, Heffley Creek Class of Licence ... 2nd ... 1st ... 2nd ... 2nd ... 2nd ... 2nd _ 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd West Kootenay (Including Nelson-Creston, Kootenay Lake, and Lardeau) Name and Address of Guide Bennett, Arthur, Kaslo.. Cummings, Arnold, Boswell. Koch, Charles A., Sanca.. Class of Licence ..... 2nd ..... 2nd .... 2nd MacNicol, J. W., Johnsons Landing 2nd Name and Address of Guide Oliver, George J., Gray Creek.. O'Neil, Richard, Sirdar. Schwartzenhauer, Carl, Deer Park.... Simmons, Robert Thomas, Lardeau.. Class of Licence _ 2nd ..... 2nd ..... 2nd ..... 2nd Boundary Districts (Grand Forks West to Princeton, Including Kettle Valley and Ashnola) Class of Name and Address of Guide Licence Anschetz, Chris, Kettle Valley 2nd Bradshaw, George A., Westbridge 2nd Chorlton, Chester L., Bridesville. 2nd Cochran, F. M., Westbridge 2nd Cudworth, Alan F., Greenwood 2nd From, Oliver, Westbridge 2nd Gold, Robie Booth, Bankier 2nd Class of Licence .__- 2nd Name and Address of Guide Hall, D. Elmer, Westbridge Lawrence, George Vincent, Box 61, Hedley 2nd Lewis, James William, Vedder Crossing 1st Lutner, E. C, Beaverdell 2nd Manion, William Bartlett, Tulameen 2nd Wright, Brian (Pat), Princeton 1st East Kootenay "A" (Cranbrook-Invermere-Golden District) Name and Address of Guide Alexander, Michael, Spillimacheen.. Anderson, Charles D., Windermere.. Barbour, J. A., Wilmer.. Bjorn, Henry Manning, Fort Steele.. Buckman, Alan, Fort Steele Buckman, Charles, Bull River Canning, Lester, Skookumchuck Cloarec, Leon, Cranbrook Cooper, Albert, Invermere.. Drysdale, A. J., Skookumchuck.. Fisher, Tony, Fairmont Gabry, Michael, Brisco Goodwin, Dave, Invermere Goodwin, Elwood, Edgewater.— Gould, Percy, Canal Flats Hammond, Lyle, Golden.. Class of Licence _ 1st 1st ..... 2nd ...__ 2nd ..... 2nd .... 2nd ..... 2nd ..... 2nd 1st ..... 2nd ..... 2nd ..... 2nd ..... 2nd ..... 1st ..... 1st ..... 2nd ..... 1st Hansen, Tyvegert, Wilmer Harrison, William O., Edgewater 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 1st 2nd 1st Hogan, Charles A., Harrogate.. Jimmie, Joe, Fairmont Joseph, Camille, Windermere Keir, Eugene Warren, Marysville.. King, Norman, Golden Lindborg, Axel, Golden.. Lum, Peter, Skookumchuck... McKay, Gordon, Invermere. Name and Address of Guide McKay, James A., Invermere.. Mitchell, Robin, Brisco.. Morigeau, Martin, Fairmont- Morris, Edward R., Golden Class of Licence ..... 2nd .___ 1st ..... 1st 2nd Nicholas, Dominic, Windermere 1st Nicol, Arthur, Fort Steele 1st Pelton, Robert Benjamin, Cranbrook .. 1st Pommier, Emil, Skookumchuck 2nd Rauch, Harold C, Golden 1st Romane, W. H., Golden 2nd Seward, Arvid, Golden 1st Seward, Roy, Golden 2nd Sheek, Pat, Golden 2nd Smith, Josephine Mary, Fort Steele 2nd Stewart, Charles Wm, Spillimacheen .. 2nd Strain, George, Golden . Tegart, George, Edgewater. Tegart, James, Brisco.. Thomas, Robert, Spillimacheen.. Thompson, James, Edgewater. Thompson, Lioel, Edgewater. Thornton, George, Invermere Thouret, George, Radium- Tyler, Graham, Invermere White, James Freeman, Fort Steele. Wolfenden, Winston, Brisco 1st 1st 1st 2nd 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 1st J 96 BRITISH COLUMBIA East Kootenay " B " (Cranbrook East to Crowsnest, Including Fernie and Natal) Name and Address of Guide Baher, Fred, Natal Baher, Martin C, Natal Baher, Mathias, Natal- Barnes, Alfred, Fernie. Class of Licence ..... 1st .___ 1st ..... 1st 1st Barnes, James Norman, Fernie 1st Billy, Andrew, Natal 2nd Bossio, William, Fernie 2nd Bush, William, Ta Ta Creek 2nd Cutts, Jack, Fernie 2nd Dvorak, Frank, Fernie 1st Dvorak, Wenzel, Fernie 2nd Eftoda, Gordon, Natal 1st Gorrie (Jr.), Methden, Flagstone 2nd Gorrie, (Sr.), Methden, Flagstone 1st Gravelle, Alex., Flagstone 1st Hammer, Andy, Wardner 2nd Name and Address of Guide Hicks, Frank, Fernie Hicks, Phillip, Fernie Kubinec, Pete, Fernie Logan, Doris May, Wardner.. McGinnis, Earl, Natal- Class of Licence .__. 1st 1st 1st .— 2nd ..... 1st McGuire, Albert, Flagstone 2nd McKenzie, Fergus, Fernie 1st Phillips, Frank, Flagstone 1st Porco, Albert, Natal 1st Reay, C. D., Jaffray 2nd Riddell, Harry Scott, Wardner 2nd Rosicky, Anton D., Wardner 1st Rothel, Malcolm, Natal 1st Travis, Frank, Natal 1st Volpatti, Benjamin J., Natal 1st Prince George District "A" (Prince George East to Jasper) Name and Address of Guide Class of Licence Boyko, William, Finlay Forks 2nd Bricker, William J., South Fort George 1st Brooks, George, South Fort George 1st Cannon, Walter L., 893 Burden St., Prince George 2nd Corless (Jr.), Richard F., 2388 McBride Crescent, Prince George 1st Dale, Joseph T., Woodpecker 2nd Gaugh, Allen, Prince George 1st Hall, Cyril A., Prince George 2nd Hansen, Anund, Hansard 1st Hansen (Jr.), Anund, Hansard 2nd Henry, Mack G., 730 Third Ave., Prince George 2nd Henry, Walter J., Box 225, Prince George 1st Hobe, Henry, Hansard 2nd Hoff, William, Box 305, Prince George 2nd Hooker, James B., Dome Creek 1st Name and Address of Guide Jensen, Arne, Dome Creek- Class of Licence ..... 2nd — 1st Jensen, Ernest H, Dome Creek Johnson, Howard T., Box 386, Prince George 2nd Johnson, John H, 1735 Ingledew St., Prince George 2nd Mills, Marshall, Tete Jaune 1st Monroe, Everett A., McBride 2nd Neighbour, Hersch, Tete Jaune 1st Reid, William, Box 673, Prince George 2nd Simmons, Herbert, Box 128, Prince George 1st Wade, Gordon, South Fort George 2nd Walker, Thomas A., R.R. 1, Qualicum Beach 1st Winsor, William J., 1530 Second Ave., Prince George 2nd Zlot, Martha, Prince George 2nd Zlotucha, Antoni, Prince George 2nd Prince George District "B" (Prince George West to Terrace) Name and Address of Guide Class of Licence Anderson, Duncan MacC, Babine 2nd Berghammer, Joe, Fort McLeod 2nd Blackwell, Alan E., Wistaria 2nd Buchanan, Curtiss, Vanderhoof 2nd Campbell, T. B., Hazelton 2nd Cooke, Ted, Vanderhoof 1st Cowan (Jr.), Hugh S., Clemretta 2nd Craker, Ronald J., North Bulkley 2nd Davidson, Charlie B., Vanderhoof 1st Delmonico, Henry H, 1475 Trimble St., Vancouver 2nd Easter, Cal, Fort St. James 1st Fisher, Ed, Vanderhoof 2nd Foote, Charles H., Fraser Lake 2nd Foote, Charles W., Fraser Lake 2nd Gilliland, Don, Germansen Landing 1st Grainger, Barry H., Noralee 2nd Grasser, William Harold, Tatalrose 2nd Harrison, Alford J., Burns Lake 2nd Haugen, Karl, Manson Creek 2nd Hensen, Frank E., Marilla 1st Hodgson, William, Fort St. James 2nd Hobson, Richmond P., Vanderhoof 2nd Johnson, George M., Vanderhoof. 2nd Knox, John, Ootsa Lake 1st Kohse, Louis, Vanderhoof 1st Lee, John Thomas, Hazelton 1st Leon, Paddy, Topley 2nd Name and Address of Guide Loback, Wesley L., Marilla.. Class of Licence 1st Loper, Howard, Vanderhoof 2nd Lord, Roy E., Burns Lake 2nd Loss, Helmar Frederick, Topley 2nd McConachie, Harry R., Fort St. James 1st McKenzie, George, Fort Fraser 2nd McNeill, Cliff, Ootsa Lake 1st McNeill, J. W., Ootsa Lake 1st Meier, John, Vanderhoof 2nd Menard, Gerry, Nithi River 2nd Mesich, Emil, Smithers 2nd Moran, Thomas E., Vanderhoof 2nd Munger, Francis W. R., Noralee 2nd Nelson, George Wm., Vanderhoof 1st Nelson, John N., Clemretta 1st Pease, Clarence A., Nithi River 1st Plowman, Clarence, Endako 2nd Plowman, Enid A., Endako 2nd Prince, Alex., Fort St. James 2nd Prince, Dixon, Fort St. James 2nd Prince, Teddy, Fort St. James 2nd Rowland, Edward F., Decker Lake 2nd Smith, Harold Craig, Fort St. James 1st Smith, Richard H, Fort St. James 1st Van Tine, Douglas, Ootsa Lake 2nd Van Tine, James, Ootsa Lake 1st Van Zantine, James, Francois Lake 2nd Wheeler, William A., Burns Lake 2nd REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 97 Cariboo District "A" (100 Mile House South, Including Ashcroft) Class of Class of Name and Address of Guide Licence Name and Address of Guide Licence Abbs, R., Fawn 2nd Koster, Francis, Empire Valley 2nd Baker, James A., Clinton 2nd Land, Robert, Ashcroft 1st Barker, A. S., Fawn P.O 1st Larson, Jack O., Bridge Lake 1st Black, Jack, Bridge Lake 2nd Larson, K. J., R.R. 1, Fawn 1st Bones, Peter, Clinton 2nd Leavitt (Jr.), Frank, R.R. 1, Fawn 1st Camille, Francis, Canoe Creek 2nd Lehman, Bert, Lillooet 2nd Chabara, Anna, 70 Mile House 2nd Levick, J. S., R.R. 1, Fawn 1st Christy, Frank, Lillooet 1st Long, C, R.R. 1, Fawn 2nd Christy, Thomas, Lillooet 1st Loring, Edwin, Clinton 2nd Cleveland, J. G, Bridge Lake 1st Louie, Fred, Canoe Creek 1st Cleveland, R. C, Bridge Lake 1st McFaul, S. F., 70 Mile House 2nd Cleveland, W. L., Bridge Lake 1st McMahon, J. C, 70 Mile House 1st Coldwell, H. W., Jesmond 1st McNeil, B. S., Fawn 1st Cunningham, C. B., Bralorne 1st McNeil, H. M., Fawn 1st Dougherty, E. G, Clinton 1st Matier, Muriel, Ashcroft 2nd Duncan, Peter, Clinton 1st Mooring, A. R., Fawn P.O 1st Dyer, G. H., 70 Mile House 2nd Nordgren, Jonas, Fawn 2nd Eden, Don D., 70 Mile House 2nd O'Keefe, Wally, Bridge River. 1st Faessler, C. J., Bridge Lake 1st Olafson, H. J., R.R. 1, Fawn 2nd Fenton, Charlie, Clinton 1st Osterlund, Ed, Moha 2nd Fenton, Walter, Big Bar Creek 1st Owens, John Henry, Ashcroft 1st Flaherty, R. J., Fawn 1st Parent, S., Fawn 2nd Forde, H. D. W., Clinton 2nd park, A. H., 70 Mile House 2nd Fowler, Norman A., Clinton 2nd pariC; jack P-j 70 Mile House 1st Gaehck, W. T, Fawn P.O. 2nd Parkes, L. G., 70 Mile House 2nd Gaines, Clinton, R.R. 1, Fawn 2nd Petrie, Don, Bridge Lake _ 1st Gammie H. G, 70 Mile House 1st Pierr0; Johrl) Cache Creek 2nd Se0Jg?V?en^Cf ^e Creek 2fd P'geon, C. L., Clinton 1st Graf, Mike, R R 1 Fawn 1st pi j R c,inton lst Grice Percy 70 Mile House. 2nd pi Norman clinton 2nd Grinder, Bert, Clinton 2nd Pollard, J. H, Clinton lst Grinder, Isidore Clinton.— 2nd powdl H j R R j Fawn lst Grinder, John, Big Bar Creek lst Powell T G Fawn lst Grinder, Louise, Clinton. ... 2nd Reinertson, R., 100 Mite TW* 1st Grinder, Walter, Big Bar Creek st Reynolds, A. J., Big Bar Creek P.O lst Sarlsen' WesleV'BrM« ££ " 2nd Re^o]ds' R »" Bi* Bar Creek PO" lst tj;™; * r»mi na„m i«t Scheepbower, J. A., 70 Mile House 2nd S i"wL?Fawn"p:oz:::--:z::z IS t^™!' 'Wsh70^ House— 2f1 Higlins Marion, Bridge Lake lst Scott, Douglas 100 Mile House 1st Hodges E. W., R.R. LFawn lst Redman, John E. R.R. 1, Fawn 2nd Horn, Walter A., Clinton 2nd Shulldes, Bruce Clinton 2nd Houseman, J. J., 100 Mile House lst Thorsteinson, Charles, Fawn 2nd Huckvale, Jim, Fawn P.O lst Umphrey, S Fawn P.O 2nd Hunter, M. T. (Mickey), Ashcroft 2nd Van Horhck Buster, Clinton 1st Johnson, James A., 100 Mile House lst Vecqueray, A. E., Jesmond 2nd Johnson, Zale A., Clinton lst Vecqueray, R. L, Clinton lst Kent, A. G, Lytton 2nd Walsh, F. C, 70 Mile House 2nd King, C. J., R.R. 1, Fawn 2nd Winteringham, F., R.R. 1, Fawn 2nd King, Gordon B., R.R. 1, Fawn 2nd Womack, C. B., Fawn lst BRITISH COLUMBIA Cariboo District "B" (100 Mile House North to Marguerite and Williams Lake, East of Fraser River) Class of Licence ..._ 2nd Name and Address of Guide Abram, Arthur E., Lac la Hache. Archie, Charlie, Canim Lake lst Archie, Jacob, Canim Lake lst Archie, Sam, Canim Lake 2nd Archie, Tommy, Canim Lake lst Ash, Christopher, Big Lake 2nd Asserlind, Hilyerd C, Keithley Creek 2nd Atkins, Daniel F., Horsefly 2nd Barrett, Stanley N., Horsefly 2nd Bayne, Dr. A. H, Canim Lake lst Beeson, George M., Miocene 2nd Bob, Edward, Canim Lake 2nd Bobb, E. R., Marguerite 2nd Bowe, Alfred, Williams Lake 2nd Bowers, Robert William, Marguerite 2nd Christopher, David, Canim Lake lst Christopher, Peter, Canim Lake 2nd Colin, Grover, Lac la Hache 2nd Conn, Robert Hanley, Keithley Creek 2nd Decker, English, Canim Lake 2nd Dick, Matthew, Alkali Lake 2nd Dodd, John E., 150 Mile House 2nd Eagle, Clifford B., Lac la Hache lst Goetjen, Charles E., Horsefly lst Graham, James, Horsefly 2nd Graham, John, Horsefly 2nd Greenlee, E. L., Canim Lake lst Haller, August, La la Hache 2nd Hamilton, Gavin G, Williams Lake 2nd Hamilton, Herbert M., Lac la Hache lst Hamilton, Peter, Williams Lake 2nd Hamilton, Ray, Williams Lake 2nd Hamilton, Theodore, Lac la Hache lst Hamilton, Thomas C, Williams Lake 2nd Higgins, K. E., Mahood Falls P.O lst Hockley, George, Horsefly lst Hooker, Fred C, Horsefly 2nd Hooker, Perry, Horsefly 2nd Hooker, Silvester B., Horsefly lst Name and Address of Guide Hubbard, Isaac H., Horsefly- Jefferson, Jesse, Big Lake- Class of Licence _.__ lst _ 2nd Jenner, Ernest, Horsefly 2nd Johnson, Charlie Tom, Alkali Lake 2nd Jones, Frederick E., Horsefly lst Jones, Lawrence, Horsefly lst Kinvig, Tom E., Keithley Creek 2nd Krebes, L. B., Lac la Hache 2nd McBurney, Aubrey, Keithley Creek 2nd McBurney, Gordon, Likely 2nd Mitchell, Samuel, Williams Lake lst Morgan, Dallas J., Likely lst Morris, D. L., Forest Grove lst Nicol, Alex., Horsefly lst Nicol, Shelley, Horsefly lst Oak, Ernest, Horsefly 2nd Paxton, Herbert E., Soda Creek 2nd Petrowitz, Arthur, Williams Lake 2nd Pickering, Leonard, Williams Lake 2nd Pinkney, R. O., Canim Lake lst Racher, Wilfred J., Horsefly lst Reid, William R., Horsefly 2nd Roberts, R. V., Mahood Falls lst Robertson, William, Soda Creek 2nd Roper, Alfred, Canim Lake lst Sharp, William M., Ochiltree 2nd Thygasen, Julius, Horsefly lst Utm, Roy C, Soda Creek 2nd Vaness, John, Horsefly lst Walters, Glen, Horsefly lst Walters, Leonard, Horsefly lst Webster, Alister, Horsefly 2nd Westwick, Burton, Williams Lake 2nd Westwick, Lawrence, Williams Lake 2nd Wiggins, Howard W., Miocene 2nd Williams, Aubrey, Horsefly lst Williams, Thelma V., Horsefly 2nd Wotzke, Herbert, Williams Lake 2nd Wynstra, Jack W., Horsefly 2nd Cariboo District "C " (Quesnel-Barkerville North from Marguerite) Class of Class of Name and Address of Guide Licence Name and Address of Guide Licence Allen, George H, Quesnel lst McKenzie, James Henry, Cinema lst Anderson, Al P., Box 38, Quesnel 2nd McKitrick, Roy D., Wells lst Armstrong, Thomas B., Bouchie Lake 2nd McKitrick, William, Wells 2nd Armstrong, Wilfred, Quesnel 2nd Miller, Isaac Edward, Quesnel (Punchaw) lst Bate, Donald C, Wells 2nd Moffatt, Ronald Henry, R.R. 1, Quesnel lst Bowden, Ted, Box 99, Quesnel 2nd O'Leary, Arthur, Quesnel lst Coldwell, Reg, Quesnel 2nd Orr, William M., Chilliwack 2nd Gilbert, W. G, Quesnel 2nd Paley, Robert G, Gen. Del., Quesnel lst Griffiths, Richard A., Wells 2nd Quanstrom, Carl, Quesnel 2nd Harrington, A. G., Quesnel lst Quanstrom, Harry, Quesnel lst Heaton, William F., Buck Ridge 2nd Rawling, Arden L., Quesnel 2nd Kellogg, Earle J., Wells 2nd Redlack, William Louis, Hixon Creek P.O. 2nd Knauf, Mrs. E. C, Gen. Del., Quesnel 2nd Rogers, Sam, Moose Heights 2nd Knauf, Harold, Gen. Del., Quesnel lst Smith, Bert, Batnuni (Quesnel) 2nd Laurent, Louie, Nazko 2nd Sorum, Erick, Quesnel 2nd Lavington, Art C, Nazko lst Tibbies, Fred, Quesnel lst Lavington, H. A. (Dude), Quesnel lst Trudeau, Oscar, Quesnel (Nazko) 2nd Lavoie, George, Quesnel (Nazko) 2nd Trudeau, Mrs. Oscar, Quesnel (Nazko) 2nd Maclnnes, John, Barkerville 2nd Wilkinson, Hugh J., Quesnel 2nd REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 99 Cariboo District " D " (Chilcotin District, Cariboo West of Fraser River) Name and Address of Guide Auchinachie, Bill, Alexis Creek Blatchford, John A., Alexis Creek- Bliss, Bill, Alexis Creek- Class of Licence 2nd 1st lst Bliss, Jack, Alexis Creek 2nd Bracewell, Gerry, Tatlayoko Lake lst Bryant, Alfred, Anahim Lake lst Bullion, Jimmy Sammy, Hanceville 2nd Buttler, Leonard, Tatla Lake 2nd Cahoose, Gus, Anahim Lake 2nd Capoose, Oggie, Anahim Lake 2nd Church, Richard H, Big Creek lst Clayton, John, Anahim Lake 2nd Collier, Eric, Riske Creek 2nd Dester, Batiste, Kleena Kleene lst Dorsey, Lester, Anahim Lake lst Elkins, Joe, Alexis Creek 2nd Elkins, Thomas, Alexis Lake lst Erickson, Carl, Anahim Lake 2nd Fraser, Tom, Penticton 2nd Garner, Tom, Duncan lst Hance, Grover, Hanceville lst Haynes, Harry K, Tatlayoko Lake lst Haynes, Kenneth, Tatlayoko Lake lst Henderson, Johnny, Tatlayoko Lake lst Henry, Cecil, Big Creek lst Henry, Eagle Lake, Tatlayoko Lake lst Hensen, Fred, Kleena Kleene lst Holte, James, Anahim Lake lst Holte, Tommy, Anahim Lake 2nd Holtry, Lewis, Anahim Lake lst Hudson, E. R., Kleena Kleene 2nd Hugo, Mark, Big Creek lst Jack, Johnny, Alexis Creek 2nd Johnson, W. T., Riske Creek lst Johnston, Victor, Riske Creek 2nd Kellogg, Bruce, Kleena Kleene 2nd Knolls, Alvis, Redstone 2nd Name and Address of Guide Le Lievre, Lind, Penticton— Lloyd, David, Anahim Lake- Class of Licence lst 2nd McDougall, Robert, Big Lake lst Mack, Maxine, Alexis Creek 2nd Maindley, John, Alexis Creek 2nd Maxted, William, Big Creek lst Mullen, B. A., Tatla Lake 2nd Mulvahill, Randolph, Redstone lst Mulvahill, William, Redstone 2nd Nicholson, Donald R., Tatla Lake 2nd Nicholson, Terry, Tatla Lake 2nd Paxton, Alex., Alexis Creek lst Paxton, Ann, Alexis Creek 2nd Petal, Henry, Alexis Creek 2nd Phillips, Floyd, Anahim Lake lst Potvin, A., Alexis Creek 2nd Rafferty, Tom, Riske Creek 2nd Robson, Bert, Atnarko P.O 2nd Rosette, Augustine, Gang Ranch lst Schuk, Edward, Tatlayoko Lake 2nd Scott, Robert, Riske Creek 2nd Siebert, John, Big Creek lst Snow, Shannon, Alexis Creek 2nd Stephenson, Donald, Alexis Creek 2nd Squinas, Thomas, Anahim Lake lst Stowell, Orvel, Meldrum Creek 2nd Sulin, Willie, Anahim Lake 2nd Turner, George, Alexis Creek 2nd Vogelaar, Pete, Alexis Creek 2nd Watson, Arthur, Alexis Creek lst Watt, Bruce, Big Creek lst Wilson, David, Tatla Lake lst Wilson, Tom, Big Creek 2nd Witte, Duane, Big Creek lst Witte, Frank, Big Creek lst Yoxall, Alfred, Alexis Creek 2nd Peace River District and Lower Post Class of Class of Name and Address of Guide Licence Name and Address of Guide Licence Anderson, Edward, Dawson Creek 2nd Johnnie, Vincent, Lower Post 2nd Beattie, Donald, Fort St. John 2nd Johnston, Freddie, Mile 747, Alaska High- Beattie, Robert, Gold Bar. 2nd way 2nd Belcourt, Adolphus, Hazelmere P.O., Alta. lst Larson, Albin O., Fort Nelson lst Belcourt, Clarence, Hazelmere P.O., Alta... 2nd Longhurst, William J., Lower Post lst Brown, Wesley John, Mile 175, Fort St. McDonald, Charlie, Mile 442, Fort Nelson 2nd John lst McGarvey, George Morris, Hudson Hope.. 2nd Calliou, Johnny, Kelly Lake, B.C. (Good- McGarvey, Morris M., Taylor lst fare, Alta.) lst MacLean, Arthur J., Fort St. John lst Calliou, Pete, Moberly Lake 2nd McLean, William, Little Prairie lst Callison, Dennis W., Fort Nelson lst Melville, Kennedy, McLeod Lake 2nd Callison, Elisha O., Mile 419, Fort Nelson lst Mould, Thomas John, Lower Liard (Mile Cameron, Pat, Moberly Lake lst 496) lst Cameron, Ralph, Moberly Lake 2nd Paquette, Morris, Moberly Lake lst Chingy, Harry, McLeod Lake 2nd Peck, Donald R., Trutch lst Dahl, Joel O., Fort Nelson lst Peterson, A. F., Muncho Lake lst Dalziel, George C. F., Dease Lake lst Powell, Gary, Hudson Hope lst Davidson, John Ogilvie, Lower Post lst Powell, Jack Kenneth, Hudson Hope 2nd Dhenin, Rene G, Fort St. John lst Ross, James A., Pink Mountain lst Durney, Lavirl, Groundbirch 2nd Rutledge, Leo, Hudson Hope lst Durney, Milo, East Pine lst South wick, Harvey, Fort St. John 2nd Elden, Otto, Little Prairie lst Van Somer, James R., Summit Lake 2nd Golata, Frank W., Dawson Creek lst Varley, James, Coal River 2nd Groat, Allen Henry, Lower Post lst Watson, James Henry, Fort St. John 2nd Houle, Joe, Arras 2nd J 100 BRITISH COLUMBIA PERSONNEL OF GAME COMMISSION AS AT DECEMBER 31st, 1954 Attorney-General (Minister) Hon. R. W. Bonner, Q.C Victoria. Game Commission (member) Frank R. Butler Vancouver. Scientific Advisers Dr. W. A. Clemens Vancouver. Dr. Ian McTaggart Cowan .Vancouver. Headquarters Chief Clerk H. D. Simpson Vancouver. Intermediate Clerk J. McLellan Vancouver. Intermediate Clerk W. Fowkes Vancouver. Intermediate Clerk Miss I. Lawson Vancouver. Secretarial Stenographer Miss J. Smith Vancouver. Senior Clerk-Stenographer JVIiss P. Golder Vancouver. Clerk-Stenographer Mrs. T. Gold .Vancouver. Clerk-Stenographer JVIiss R. McKay Vancouver. Clerk-Stenographer Mrs. M. Terpenning Vancouver. Clerk-Stenographer Mrs. J. Whitfield Vancouver. Clerk Miss J. Hine .Vancouver. "A" Division (Vancouver Island and Portions of Lower Mainland) Inspector G. C. Stevenson Victoria. Intermediate Clerk D. Keirs Victoria. Stenographer Miss J. Bull Victoria. Corporal Game Warden O. Mottishaw Nanaimo. Game Warden F. H. Greenfield Nanaimo. Game Warden R. W. Sinclair Victoria. Game Warden E. Martin Alberni. Game Warden. ._ .R. S. Hayes Campbell River. Game Warden C. E. Estlin Courtenay. Game Warden .W. S. Webb Duncan. "B" Division (Kootenay and Boundary Districts) Inspector C. F. Kearns Nelson. Clerk-Stenographer Miss L. Hickey Nelson. Game Warden R. A. Rutherglen Nelson. Corporal Game Warden A. F. Sinclair. Grand Forks. Game Warden P. D. Ewart Castlegar. Game Warden J. W. Bayley Cranbrook. Game Warden R. R. Farquharson Cranbrook. Game Warden B. Rauch Creston. Game Warden J. J. Osman Fernie. Game Warden W. A. McKay Golden. Game Warden J. V. Mackill Invermere. Game Warden A. Monks Penticton. Game Warden A. F. Gill Princeton. "C" Division (Kamloops, Yale, Okanagan, and Cariboo Districts) Intermediate Clerk G. Ferguson Kamloops. Stenographer Mrs. S. D. Bertoli Kamloops. Game Warden J. P. C. Atwood .Kamloops. Game Warden H. Tyler Kamloops. Game Warden K. R. Walmsley Alexis Creek. Game Warden W. I. Fenton Clinton. Game Warden D. D. Ellis Kelowna. Game Warden R. S. Welsman Lillooet. Game Warden E. M. Martin Merritt. Game Warden H. J. Lorance Quesnel. Game Warden G. A. Lines Revelstoke. Game Warden D. Cameron Salmon Arm. Game Warden A. S. Frisby .Vernon. Game Warden E. Holmes Wells. Game Warden J. P. Gibault .Williams Lake. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 J 101 " D " Division (Atlin, Skeena, Omineca, Fort George, Peace River, and Yukon Boundary Districts) Inspector Intermediate Clerk- Stenographer Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Stenographer Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden -W. A. H. Gill JR. J. Guay.. -Frince George. .Prince George. .Miss J. Wilson Prince George. .A. J. Jank Prince George. R. A. Seaton Prince George. -C. J. Walker .Prince Rupert. Mrs. B. Sheppard ... .Prince Rupert. W. H. Richmond Burns Lake. J. A. McCabe Fort Nelson. B. Villeneuve.. . ... Fort Nelson. H. O. Jamieson J. Dowsett . ..... Fort St. John. . Lower Post. J. M. Hicks McBride. ..G. R. Taylor.... L. J. Cox J. D. Williams.. ..Pouce Coupe. .Smithers. .Terrace. "E" Division (Vancouver, Coast, and Lower Fraser Valley Districts) Corporal Game Warden- Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Corporal Game Warden- Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden Game Warden -L. R. Lane . R. S. King- .R. K. Leighton.. -F. R. Lobb Vancouver. Vancouver. Vancouver. Vancouver. Vancouver. .Vancouver. Vancouver. -W. J. Mason Alert Bay. -D. A. MacKinlay Alert Bay. .A. J. Butler Chilliwack. .H. D. Mulligan.. -W. T. Ward -F. J. Renton -H. P. Hughes. -W. H. Cameron.. _P. M. Cliffe _F. Urquhart B. E. Wilson -Cloverdale. ..Ladner. ..Mission. -Port Coquitlam. Powell River. Chief Game Biologist- Regional Game Biologist- Regional Game Biologist- Regional Game Biologist- Regional Game Biologist- Regional Game Biologist- Chief Fisheries Biologist- Game Management Division Dr. J. Hatter ..E. W. Taylor.. _W. G Smith... ..P. W. Martin- -D. J. Robinson.. L. G. Sugden— Fisheries Management Division Dr. P. A. Larkin Division Fisheries Biologist- Division Fisheries Biologist- Division Fisheries Biologist- Division Fisheries Biologist- Assistant Fisheries Biologist ....T. G. Northcote- Assistant Fisheries Biologist J. G. Terpenning- Assistant Fishery Officer E. H. Vernon Assistant Fishery Officer F. P. Maher- -Dr. C. C. Lindsey- JR. G. McMynn— ..S. B. Smith J. Barrett.. .Vancouver. Vancouver. ..Cranbrook. Kamloops. ..Nanaimo. -Williams Lake. -Vancouver. -Vancouver. -Vancouver. -Vancouver. -Vancouver. ..Vancouver. ...Vancouver. ..Vancouver. ...Cranbrook. ...Kelowna. Assistant Fishery Officer G. E. Stringer. Assistant Fishery Officer D. P. Scott Salmon Arm. Fishery Officer J. D. Inverarity Courtenay. Fishery Officer F. Pells Cultus Lake. Fishery Officer F. H. Martin Kamloops. Fishery Officer E. Hunter Nelson. Fishery Officer R. A. McRae .Nelson. Fishery Officer D. Hurn Summerland. Hatchery Officer J. J. Phelps Hatchery Officer J. C. Lyons. Hatchery Officer N. W. Green Hatchery Officer L. E. Hunter Hatchery Officer G. Dibblee Stenographer —..Miss M. Jurkela. ._ Courtenay. -Cultus Lake. -Summerland. .Cultus Lake. ..Vancouver. ..Vancouver. J 102 BRITISH COLUMBIA Supervisor of Predator ControL Predator Control Division G. A. West Assistant Supervisor of Predator Control JE. H. Samann- Predatory-animal Hunter .W. J. Hillen Predatory-animal Hunter N. Lingford Predatory-animal Hunter G. Haskell Predatory-animal Hunter J. KandaL Predatory-animal Hunter Predatory-animal Hunter Predatory-animal Hunter. Predatory-animal Hunter. Predatory-animal Hunter Predatory-animal Hunter .J. Dewar.. .A. M. Hames— -C. G Ellis _M. W. Warren. _A. E. Fletcher.. _M. Mortensen.. -Vancouver. ..Kamloops. Kamloops. -Abbotsford. -Cranbrook. -Castlegar. -Nanaimo. -Merville. -Pouce Coupe. .Prince George. -Smithers. ..Williams Lake. VICTORIA, B.C. Printed by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty 1955 1,060-955-7338
- Library Home /
- Search Collections /
- Open Collections /
- Browse Collections /
- BC Sessional Papers /
- Provincial Game Commission REPORT For the Year Ended...
Open Collections
BC Sessional Papers
Provincial Game Commission REPORT For the Year Ended December 31st 1954 British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1956]
jpg
Page Metadata
Item Metadata
Title | Provincial Game Commission REPORT For the Year Ended December 31st 1954 |
Alternate Title | REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1954 |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1956] |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1956_V02_04_J1_J102 |
Collection |
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2017-07-11 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0348910 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
Download
- Media
- bcsessional-1.0348910.pdf
- Metadata
- JSON: bcsessional-1.0348910.json
- JSON-LD: bcsessional-1.0348910-ld.json
- RDF/XML (Pretty): bcsessional-1.0348910-rdf.xml
- RDF/JSON: bcsessional-1.0348910-rdf.json
- Turtle: bcsessional-1.0348910-turtle.txt
- N-Triples: bcsessional-1.0348910-rdf-ntriples.txt
- Original Record: bcsessional-1.0348910-source.json
- Full Text
- bcsessional-1.0348910-fulltext.txt
- Citation
- bcsessional-1.0348910.ris
Full Text
Cite
Citation Scheme:
Usage Statistics
Share
Embed
Customize your widget with the following options, then copy and paste the code below into the HTML
of your page to embed this item in your website.
<div id="ubcOpenCollectionsWidgetDisplay">
<script id="ubcOpenCollectionsWidget"
src="{[{embed.src}]}"
data-item="{[{embed.item}]}"
data-collection="{[{embed.collection}]}"
data-metadata="{[{embed.showMetadata}]}"
data-width="{[{embed.width}]}"
data-media="{[{embed.selectedMedia}]}"
async >
</script>
</div>

https://iiif.library.ubc.ca/presentation/cdm.bcsessional.1-0348910/manifest