PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS HON. A. W. GRAY, Minister. H. Cathcart, Deputy Minister. C. D. Orchard, Chief Forester. REPORT OF THE FOEEST BEANCH for the TEAE ENDED DECEMBER 31ST 1942 PRINTED by AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Charles F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1943. Victoria, B.C., January 31st, 1943. To His Honour W. C. Woodward, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour : Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Forest Branch of the Department of Lands for the year 1942. A. W. GRAY, Minister of Lands. The Hon. A. W. Gray, Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—There is submitted herewith the Annual Report on activities of the Branch during the calendar year 1942. C. D. ORCHARD, Chief Forester. Close-up taken prior to snag-falling operations, showing condition following logging and accidental fire. Snags such as these represent the ultimate hazard in forest-fire control and must be eliminated to ensure protection of the future forest-crop ;;;;;:■;;;■ ;;:;;.;;:;!::: W i*:f: ? :*::;: i:.i: :y:,;;: si ];%'.': S;:;.::; S • •-•*?* "... fr ■' Panorama of same area subsequent to fire-proofing. All snags have been felled and old logging grades and roads opened up and converted to truck-trails for easy forest-protection access. The area is now ready for reforestation. REPORT OF THE FOREST BRANCH. Another full year of global war has left its marks on the Forest Branch and on the forest industries of British Columbia. Enlistments in the armed forces and the transfer of men to war controls and industries has materially lowered the staff. At the same time, the demands of war have increased the duties of those remaining. Labour scarcity and the difficulties of getting essential materials and equipment have affected the day-by-day administration of the business of the Branch, as it has the industries dependent upon the forests. Upon the entry of Japan into the war it was anticipated that incendiary attacks might be made on this coast during the fire season. This expectation was shared by the leading military authorities who were consulted. Our standard protection staffs would not be enough to cope with any such situation, nor would labour be available for fire-fighting. Since the emergency was one of national importance, the problem was placed before the Federal Government, with suggested solutions. The national importance of the forests of the Province and the necessity for their protection were recognized at Ottawa and an agreement was entered into with the Province for the allocation of a maximum of one thousand Alternative Service Workers. These men started arriving in May, were dispersed in camps throughout the Lower Coast and Vancouver Island forest areas, and were thoroughly trained and organized in forest fire-fighting. The results of their season's work appear elsewhere in this report, but it is desirable to record here the important fact that, in so allocating these men, the Dominion Government has acknowledged its interest in Provincial forestry; a fact that should have beneficial effects both during and after the war. Labour, material, and equipment shortages also affected the forest industries. In the face of unprecedented demands for lumber and other forest products, the total output was less than that of 1941 by approximately five hundred million board-feet. Early in the year shipments to the United Kingdom were almost at a standstill and domestic business in a routine state. The American market, however, was increasing its demands with the tempo of the war effort in that country. Towards spring and early summer the domestic demand gained momentum, owing largely to increased air- training schemes and defence construction, while further increase in the United States business in May exceeded all records. The situation was taken in hand by the Timber Controller and priorities in markets were set up, whereby 40 per cent, of the lumber output was allocated to domestic trade, a like amount to the United Kingdom, and the remaining 20 per cent, to the United States. Some revision was made later, but control maintained. Midsummer saw the American markets booming and price ceilings inaugurated. A new hangar programme was started in Canada but the critical log situation held it back. At this time the Prairies could see a huge grain-crop in prospect and needed lumber to provide extra storage. By September, demand from all markets was so great that the industry was officially declared " essential," and the British Timber Controller was again in the market to such an extent that specifications were liberalized to help production. Late fall saw the log-supply situation worse than for many years, with practically all mills on a one-shift basis and " peeler " logs under direct allocation by the Timber Controller. At the end of the year the situation was no better, with most logging camps shut down because of snowfall, mills operating from hand to mouth, and an acute fuel shortage. This has emphasized the dependence of our large and small communities on the forests for their day-by-day needs of essential products, and the desirability of them all setting up their own community forests. There they could grow, in perpetuity, a supply of wood fuel for their citizens and provide useful, healthful, and profitable work for city dependents. FF 6 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. During the year, assistance was given to the Rehabilitation Council through briefs on the possibilities of forestry and studies of other briefs presented to the Council. In addition, the staffs of the Forest Districts completed a study of the needs for improvements, adequate protection from fire, and the possibilities for post-war employment on permanent and temporary bases. These studies are being co-ordinated for the Province and will be incorporated in a plan that will be immediately applicable in any degree and for all parts of the Province. An innovation during 1942 was the issuance of Christmas-tree cutting permits and the allocation of suitable areas to local residents. These permit areas are designed to give a perpetual yield of Christmas trees under proper treatment, and their individual allocation is an incentive so that a steady income may be secured by farm operators during the off-season on the land. This cash crop often makes the difference between a bare existence and comfort on small ranch units. The fire season was generally satisfactory, the only trouble being experienced in the Prince George District. Here, dry lightning storms started many fires that could not be controlled because of lack of transportation facilities and efficient labour. The situation emphasized the need for more lookouts, roads, trails, and, especially for that type of country, air transportation. Many fires that subsequently destroyed hundreds of sections of timber could have been controlled in their incipiency if air transportation had been available. Pontoon planes can land fire crews and supplies on many of the thousands of lakes and streams in the Province, which are so thickly scattered that any fire is usually within easy reach. The few minutes to an hour or so needed to fly a crew from any forest district headquarters to any part of the area administered would make the difference between control of a fire and the opposite, when compared with the days frequently needed to take a crew in overland. There will be room for air transport in the post-war organization of the Forest Branch. There are presented hereafter tabular statements of the Forest Branch activities and the forest industries for the year. ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL. Enlistments depleted the staff during 1942. In all, eighteen permanent and forty- six temporary employees entered the armed forces. It is of interest to note that the Forest Branch is now represented in the women's auxiliary to each of the forces. It is with deep regret that the deaths of three valued members of the Branch are here recorded. F. J. Wood, Fire Inspector, Kamloops District. D. M. Calder, Forest Ranger, Vancouver District. J. A. C. Denny, Acting Forest Ranger, Vancouver District. Forest Branch Enlistments to December 31st, 1942. 1939— L. F. Swannell, Assistant District Forester, Prince George. W. Hall, Assistant Forester, Victoria. H. Casilio, Draughtsman, Victoria. N. G. Wharf, Clerk, Victoria. C. V. Smith, Clerk, Prince Rupert. L. N. W. Woods, Assistant Ranger, Prince George District. 1940— W. Murray, Draughtsman, Prince Rupert. T. Hunter, Launch Engineer,. Victoria. G. S. Andrews, Assistant Forester, Victoria. V. C. Smith, Launch Engineer, Vancouver. E. G. Oldham, Assistant Forester, Victoria. G. A. Playfair, Radio Engineer, Victoria. D. McKay, Junior Clerk, Victoria. C. R. Lee, Draughtsman, Kamloops. F. J. G. Johnson, Ranger, Invermere, Nelson District. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 7 1940—Continued. A. E. Parlow, District Forester, Kamloops. J. Boydell, Ranger, Kamloops District. C. L. Armstrong, Assistant Forester, Kamloops. 0. V. Maude-Roxby, Assistant Ranger, Kamloops District. A. C. Kinnear, Air Surveys Division, Victoria. L. S. Hope, Assistant District Forester, Prince Rupert. A. Gordon, Supervisor, Victoria. W. D. Hay, Assistant Ranger, Prince George District. A. J. Kirk, Assistant Ranger, Prince George District. W. E. Jansen, Assistant Ranger, Vancouver District. C. R. Sandey, Launch Engineer, Vancouver District. H. G. Mayson, Assistant Ranger, Kamloops District. E. F. Taggart, Assistant Ranger, Prince George District. A. Smith, Patrolman, Prince George District. A. B. Ritchie, Assistant Ranger, Kamloops District. J. H. Wilcox, Lookout-man, Kamloops District. - . J. C. Wright, Lookout-man, Kamloops District. C. W. Mizon, Assistant Ranger, Kamloops District. W. J. Owen, Assistant Ranger, Vancouver District. R. R. Douglas, Assistant Forester, Kamloops District. L. A. Willington, Assistant Ranger, Prince George District. F. V. Webber, Assistant Ranger, Nelson District. 1941— H. Stevenson, Ranger, Vancouver District. S. Benwell, Clerk, Victoria. W. H. Ozard, Grazing Assistant, Kamloops District. J. H. Benton, Air Surveys, Victoria. Howard Elsey, Research Assistant, Victoria. H. I. Barwell, Draughtsman, Kamloops District. H. T. Barbour, Acting Ranger, Nelson District. 1. C. MacQueen, Assistant Forester, Victoria. H. A. Ivarson, Clerk, Prince Rupert District. D. R. Monk, Draughtsman, Victoria. F. W. Crouch, Compiler, Victoria. A. B. Anderson, Cruiser, Victoria. N. F. M. Pope, Parks, Victoria. D. L. McMurchie, Parks, Victoria. A. J. Nash, Student Assistant, Nelson District. C. W. Walker, Assistant Forester, Victoria. J. D. LeMare, Cruiser, Victoria. G. A. Cahilty, Clerk, Kamloops District. W. S. Hepher, Assistant Forester, Vancouver District. C. E. Bennett, Cruiser, Victoria. J. S. Stokes, Chief of Party, Victoria. J. Robinson, Acting Ranger, Prince Rupert District. J. Eselmont, Lookout-man, Nelson District. G. H. Fewtrell, Assistant Ranger, Kamloops. S. Lockard, Assistant Ranger, Nelson. E. L. Scott, Assistant Ranger, Kamloops. G. J. Ballard, Assistant Ranger, Kamloops. W. E. Walker, Patrolman, Vancouver. E. G. Marples, Lookout-man, Nelson. FF 8 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. 1942— G. W. Minns, Ranger, Prince Rupert. C. L. Botham, Ranger, Prince Rupert. L. A. Chase, Acting Ranger, Kamloops. D. A. Sims, Clerk, Vancouver. A. J. Leighton, Clerk, Prince Rupert. A. R. McLeod, Clerk, Vancouver. D. Gillies, Clerk, Vancouver. W. V. Hicks, Clerk, Victoria. P. N. A. Smith, Draughtsman, Vancouver. C. J. T. Rhodes, Draughtsman, Victoria. Miss K. Robinson, Stenographer, Victoria. G. Levy, Clerk, Victoria. Miss G. M. MacAfee, Stenographer, Victoria. Miss L. A. Edwards, Stenographer, Nelson. I. T. Cameron, Assistant Forester, Kamloops. P. M. Monckton, Draughtsman, Victoria. J. R. Johnston, Acting Ranger, Nelson. J. H. Templeman, Ranger, Kamloops. H. M. Pogue, Assistant Forester, Victoria. A. H. Dixon, Ranger, Vancouver. G. R. W. Nixon, Assistant Forester, Victoria. M. A. Johnson, Assistant Ranger, Kamloops. H. K. DeBeck, Grazing Assistant, Kamloops. L. E. Bland, Junior Draughtsman, Victoria. W. W. Stevens, Assistant Forester, Kamloops. A. G. McNeil, Clerk, Vancouver. W. D. Grainger, Research Assistant, Victoria. A. E. Rhodes, Clerk, Victoria. C. P. Harrison, Assistant Ranger, Vancouver. K. A. McKenzie, Assistant Ranger, Vancouver. R. E. Crellin, Dispatcher, Nelson. G. M. Riste, Assistant Ranger, Vancouver. W. A. Conder, Lookout-man, Vancouver. W. M. Patterson, Dispatcher, Vancouver. H. G. M. Colbeck, Assistant Ranger, Nelson. A. W. Slater, Helper, Vancouver. D. E. Stephens, Dispatcher, Vancouver. A. C. Letcher, Patrolman, Vancouver. R. Bradshaw, Lookout-man, Nelson. L. E. Croft, Dispatcher, Nelson. G. Burkitt, Assistant Ranger, Nelson. R. R. Flynn, Lookout-man, Nelson. E. J. Hamling, Assistant Ranger, Nelson. A. E. Hesketh, Patrolman, Nelson. J. C. Payne, Assistant Ranger, Nelson. I. C. Robinson, Assistant Ranger, Nelson. D. W. Speers, Lookout-man, Nelson. G. Crommett, Assistant Ranger, Nelson. H. L. Couling, Assistant Ranger, Nelson. D. Lamont, Assistant Ranger, Vancouver. D. A. Kittson, Assistant Ranger, Vancouver. C. W. J. Castley, Dispatcher, Vancouver. Geo. Baldwin, Assistant Ranger, Vancouver. N. H. Boss, Draughtsman, Nelson. R. A. Damstrom, Assistant Ranger, Nelson. W. J. Wright, Dispatcher, Nelson. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 9 1942—Continued. W. E. Thacker, Lookout-man, Nelson. E. L. Collett, Helper, Vancouver. R. G. Bullen, Lookout-man, Vancouver. C. S. Stubbs, Assistant Ranger, Vancouver. A. H. Bamford, Research Assistant, Victoria. Alex. Corbett, Acting Ranger, Kamloops. D. E. Dyson, Student Assistant, Vancouver. A. L. Lyttle, Scaler, Vancouver. Distribution of Force, 1942. Permanent. Temporary. V 'ft m 11 ai R 0) cS t-< » o u feu fl 13 s tf 03 M b O -ft a H V . 9 03 n u 0) 0) u o 4? oa c CD ! p o b" cv S n ol s o 6 District. .26 || O £h TV, +> in si ■B S tt tt 13 a c9 1-> [fl M O ll OB 13 II o ft gl-l [0 ft) 03 U c OJ S Stt 2 ti Is . 0) co 3 O V c tf s 0) 3 tf s Ph 0) M 3 ri M fi M w o ^ O V s« a 5 3 tt to u O n ft a . O M OS oi o c en tf 0 Ct S Eh 3 o H fe<! 0! <D -*j ft cj ^fe fi tt tf Q tf QJ o to tf 4-> go HJT3 a | J ft o w f3 13 fi Ofc b<! 3 B WW ■3 £s 3 C tO B K p s o E- <! tf B Ph rt J H C s O Eh O ( 2 8 30 ?, 1 4 22 2 Sfi 4 95 28 41 10 in 95 190 Vancouver _ -J l* 2* 3* 1* 7* 7* Prince Rupert. •] 1 1 9 4 15 11 11 3 9 34 49 3* 3* 3* Fort George J 2 1 7 5 15 15 13 2 30 45 2* 3* 5* 5* ,r l ( ?, 1 4 1 15 8 31 23 45 fi 11 85 116 Kamloops J. 1* 1* 2* 4* 4* 3 1 3 9 1 9 25 32 45 20 97 122 Nelson.. _ -J .... .... 1* 2* 3* 3* Tr- . ■ \ 5 14 3 fi 30 57 IS 1?, 25 82 Victoria -j 2* 17* 13* 32* 32* Totals— ■! i 5 9 3 30 21 4 10 62 8 82 4 238 109 155 19 13 70 366 604 .... 1* 6* 3* 30» 14* 54* .... 54* " Permanent" staff is a record of salaries voted and positions occupied for at least a part of the year. Total number of permanent positions actually occupied December 31st, 1942, was 232. * Continuously employed, but no specific position or salary voted for the purpose. FOREST ECONOMICS. Enlistments and transfers to District staffs during the past year have still further decimated the ranks of the technical personnel of the Economics Division and with the exception of the reforestation programme activities are essentially on a maintenance basis. At the same time this relative inactivity in the field affords an opportunity to catch up on reports and other office jobs which invariably fall behind schedule during periods of expansion. In addition, assistance was rendered the Post-war Rehabilitation Council through the medium of the Interdepartmental Advisory Sub-committee on Parks and Forests. AIR AND FOREST SURVEYS. No air-survey photographic operations were conducted during the year and forest survey activities were limited to a re-examination of a portion of the Sayward Forest which was originally surveyed in 1928. A total of 191,390 acres was examined and the new data are now in the process of being added to our records. The final maps, estimates, and reports for the Slocan Drainage, the North Shore Region, and the Fraser River South area have been completed and a summary of the findings is presented below. The report and maps for the Juan de Fuca Region have been delayed due to a shortage of experienced draughting personnel, but it is anticipated that this work will be completed during 1943. FF 10 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Slocan Drainage. The proposed Slocan Forest constitutes the Slocan Drainage with the exception of Kokanee Park and certain areas considered most suitable for agriculture. Excellent conditions are presented for the immediate establishment of a working circle. The present industry could be expanded considerably and still keep depletion within the INDEX MAP Scale:-15.78 miles to I inch estimated sustained yield capacity; there is an excellent distribution of age-classes; the majority of the young stands lend themselves to selective cutting; the eight or nine commercial species mature at different ages and are used for varied purposes; fire- protection is the only serious problem. The only drawback to successful utilization would appear to be the development of suitable markets. Extensive utilization of the region began with the operation of the first sawmills in 1894 and the volume of production was dependent on local demand. Later, the operators developed outlets on the Prairies and Eastern American markets and became FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 11 more independent of the local fluctuations in prosperity. During the early 1930's depressed business conditions reduced the number of operators so that for the past five years the average annual cut was 8,800,000 board-feet. The average annual loss by fire is estimated at 350,000 board-feet, thus making the annual drain on forest capital 9,150,000 board-feet. This compares very favourably with an estimated sustained yield capacity of 30,440,000 board-feet from accessible sites. In brief, present use is only one-third of the sustained yield capacity of the region. The classification of areas is as follows:— Productive Forest Land— Mature timber— Acres- Acres- Accessible 81,360 Inaccessible 3,360 ■ 84,720 Immature timber (all accessible) — years 36,480 years 26,890 years 25,580 years 53,610 81-100 years 21,240 1- 20 21- 40 41- 60 61- 80 Not satisfactorily stocked— Logged 420 Logged and burned 510 Burned 11,970 Non-commercial cover 68,330 163,800 81,230 Total sites of productive quality , 329,750 Non-productive Forest Land— Cultivated _. Urban (roads, towns, etc.) Grazing Barren 1,060 280 70 298,350 Scrub _. 133,060 Swamp and water 5,480 Total non-productive and non-forest sites 438,300 Total land area of proposed Slocan Forest 768,050 The total volume of merchantable timber (over 11 inches D.B.H.) is estimated to be 696,070 M.B.M., practically all of which is accessible. Approximately 97y2 per cent, is in Crown ownership and the balance held in Crown grants and timber licences. In addition, there are 493,850 M.B.M. available as thinnings, thus giving a total merchantable volume of 1,189,920 M.B.M. The distribution by species is as follows:— Species. Mature. Thinnings. Total. Engelmann spruce .— , M.B.M. ' 231,010 34,810 140,450 119,400 47,590 89,520 17,810 12,750 2,730 M.B.M. 23,210 150,610 33,920 31,560 100,480 11,570 80,640 50,360 11,500 M.B.M. 254,220 185,420 174,370 150,960 148,070 101,090 98,450 63,110 14,230 Total 696,070 493,850 1,189,920 FF 12 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. PF 13 North Shore Region. The North Shore Region as reported on is situated north of the Fraser River and Burrard Inlet between Howe Sound and the Stave River-Chehalis River divide and extending north to the headquarters of the Stave, Pitt, and Indian Rivers. The first settlers in this portion of the Province arrived more than eighty years ago and this marked the beginning of forest utilization by the white man; however, not until 1890 did the annual cut assume definite proportions. Since then the greater part of the merchantable timber has been logged and, as a result, the present operations are almost all on a small scale. At the same time, utilization is being directed more and more to second-growth stands on alienated lands. This trend is particularly noticeable in the Mission Ranger District where, in 1941, 90 per cent, of the sawlog cut was from young forests. Present utilization, together with loss by fire, is estimated to average 74,000,000 board-feet per year. This compares unfavourably with an estimated annual capacity for sustained yield of 60,000,000 board-feet. This region, together with the adjacent one south of the Fraser River, will doubtless become the scene of intensive forest utilization and management in the near future. Prospects are excellent on account of the ready market close at hand, good growing conditions, and the variety of species, both deciduous and coniferous, that can be grown. The hardwoods are becoming increasingly important and the furniture and veneer industry that has been established will assure a market for products that can be grown on a rotation of forty to fifty years. It has been recommended that, as soon as the opportunity presents, an extension forester be assigned to these two regions. His duties will be to educate the smaller land-owners, both as individuals and communities, in proper methods of handling their forest land on a wood-lot basis. In addition, there would be established demonstration areas similar to that being developed in conjunction with the Green Timbers Forest Nursery. The classification of areas is as follows:— Productive Forest Land— Mature timber Acres. Acres. Accessible 174,760 Inaccessible 21,770 196,530 Immature timber— 1- 5 years 1,860 6- 10 years 8,220 11-20 years 41,020 21- 40 years 27,940 41- 60 years 30,280 61- 80 years 6,230 81-100 years ■_ 9,010 Not satisfactorily stocked— Logged 5,940 Logged and burned 27,470 Burned 3,410 Non-commercial cover 23,360 124,560 60,180 Total sites of productive quality 381,270 Non-productive Forest Land— Cultivated and urban ■. 58,070 Barren and scrub 568,920 Swamp and water 53,790 Total non-productive and non-forest sites 680,780 Total area of region 1,062,050 FF 14 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. The total volume of merchantable timber is estimated to be 5,951,970 M.B.M., of which 90 per cent, is accessible. In addition, there are 459,630 M.B.M. available as thinnings in immature stands, all of which are considered accessible. A summary of the ownership status shows that approximately 65 per cent, of the merchantable volume has not been alienated or encumbered, either by Crown grant, timber berth, lease, licence, or sale. Timber volumes (over 11 inches D.B.H., except in the case of hardwoods, which were cruised to a minimum top diameter of 8 inches), are estimated as follows:— Species. Merchantable Timber. Thinnings. Accessible. Total. ! M.B.M. M.B.M. 2,237,260 j 2,443,520 1,367,010 | 1,546,310 824,110 j 849,350 711.050 1 877.370 M.B.M. 52,040 128,510 207,050 4,060 132,660 31,640 22,340 14,040 5,920 3,160 890 148,320 37,910 24,900 14,320 5,920 3,160 890 300 6,140 5,700 43,720 8,320 2,340 1,450 Totals 5.350.080 1 5.951.970 459,630 Fraser South. The " Fraser South Area " is situated between the Fraser River and the International Boundary, extending from the Strait of Georgia east to the vicinity of Hope to include the drainages of the Chilliwack River and Silver Creek. Utilization of these forests has been continuous since the arrival of the first settlers; however, the important developments took place during the last forty years. In that period about 100,000 acres have been logged and an estimated 4,000,000,000 board-feet of sawlogs supplied to the mills at Vancouver and New Westminster. The soil for the most part was excellent for agriculture, so as logging proceeded settlement followed close behind and extensive farming communities were developed. Thus a virgin forest area of the early part of the century has become largely agricultural interspersed with a mosaic of potential wood-lots. The remaining mature timber is confined to the more remote valleys and the higher elevations so that future utilization will be governed largely by transportation costs. From a forest management point of view this area should not be considered a self- sustaining unit but should form part of a working circle which would include the Harrison Drainage and the North Shore Region. In the meantime much can be done by way of public education, and the extension work recommended for the North Shore Region should also include the area under discussion. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 15 The classification of areas is as follows :- Productive Forest Land— Mature timber— Accessible Acres. 48,540 Inaccessible 5,420 Immature timber— 1- 5 years 6- 10 years 11- 20 years 21- 40 years 41- 60 years 61- 80 years 81-100 years Over 100 years old 13,130 16,920 41,600 11,670 30,630 16,080 550 1,970 Not satisfactorily stocked— Logged ;_ 7,620 Logged and burned 25,510 Burned 6,130 Non-commercial cover 23,310 Acres. 53,960 132,550 62,570 Total sites of productive quality 249,080 Non-productive Forest Land— Cultivated and urban Barren and scrub Swamp and water 188,610 227,550 38,990 Total non-productive sites 455,150 Total acreage in area 704,230 The estimated average annual cut is 50,300 M.B.M. and together with an average annual fire loss of 450 M.B.M. gives a total drain on forest capital of 50,750 M.B.M. per year. By comparison the estimated sustained yield capacity is 40,080 M.B.M. The total volume of merchantable timber has been estimated to be 1,507,380 M.B.M., of which 92 per cent, is classified as accessible. In addition, there are available as thinnings in accessible immature stands 491,710 M.B.M. of merchantable timber. The ownership status indicates that 65 per cent, of the volume is situated on vacant Crown land. Timber volumes (over 11 inches D.B.H., except in the case of hardwoods, which were cruised to a minimum top diameter of 8 inches), are estimated as follows:— Merchantable Timber. Accessible. Total. M.B.M. 489,510 336,530 342,590 1,730 178,260 4,280 8,580 40 14,770 7,960 5,110 M.B.M. 493,570 340,880 422,490 1,730 207,770 4,280 8,580 40 14,890 8,000 5,150 M.B.M. 241,050 62,160 53,630 5,670 6,030 Western white pine.. 1,620 6,870 67,970 19,640 27,070 1.389.360 1 1.507.380 491,710 FF 16 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. PROVINCIAL FORESTS. One new Provincial forest, the Graham, was created during the year. This forest was reported on in the 1939 Forest Branch Annual Report and the details of the inventory may be found by reference to that publication. There are now forty-five Provincial Forests; nineteen on the Coast and twenty-six in the Interior, totalling 11,510 and 19,220 square miles respectively, an aggregate of 30,730 square miles. FOREST RESOURCES INVENTORY. At the conclusion of this season's activities the cover-mapping project had been successful in establishing fully up-to-date forest atlases at the Vancouver, Kamloops, Prince George, and Nelson District offices as well as at Headquarters in Victoria. Due to lack of suitable personnel at Prince Rupert it was not feasible to revise their maps, but this will be done at the earliest opportunity. This work will now be on a maintenance basis, requiring annual attention to effect current revision for changes due to logging and fires. A total of 952 maps was revised during the course of the year. Of this total, 155 were new coloured linen prints issued to replace worn-out copies and to cover areas where new forest surveys were available. One minor reconnaissance was conducted in the Nelson Forest District to check the cover-map information over a small drainage. Statistical recording of forest inventory data by the Hollerith system was continued and the fire atlas maps were revised currently. FOREST RESEARCH. Mensuration. A three-man field party remeasured twenty-one permanent yield plots established at scattered points on Vancouver Island and the adjacent Mainland Coast to study the rate of growth of immature stands of Douglas fir. In addition, this party remeasured a series of 114 line-plots on East Thurlow Island and at Elk Bay. The latter plots were laid out in 1930 for the purpose of tracing the rate of growth and changes in species composition of a large area selected as representative of the stands of second-growth hemlock-Douglas fir which have followed the logging of mature Douglas fir-hemlock forests situated north of Seymour Narrows. Data from these plots are now in the process of analysis and it is hoped that in due course a bulletin will be published. SlLVICULTURAL STUDIES. The programme of silvicultural research was directed for the most part towards maintaining the necessary examinations connected with long-term projects already in progress. These plots were established to investigate various phases of the phenomena of seed dissemination and production, survival of disseminated seed, germination, and natural seedling survival. As might have been expected, the failure seed-crop of 1942 was forecast accurately in 1941 by relatively few samples. The failure was due entirely to a lack of reproductive buds, not to a failure in the development of fruiting-buds. This confirms our belief that poor and failure years can be forecast accurately. The seed-crop for 1943 is forecast as a potentially good year, probably comparable to 1941, for most of Vancouver Island, providing that nothing drastic happens to the conelets during their development. One complete year's work on the physiology of seed production by Douglas fir indicates that the fruiting status of the tree is related to the fluctuations in its reserve foods. The starch-sugar fluctuations, particularly in the twigs, appear to be closely related to growth and development of the cones. A carbohydrate peak occurs in June and may be related to bud differentiation which takes place shortly thereafter. The main value of the work to date is to show that the fruiting status of a given tree does not depend on the actual level of food reserves, as has sometimes been suggested, since the reserves of fruiting and non-fruiting trees are very similar. The fluctuations of the reserve foods during the year, however, are typical for each group. Similarly, FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 17 conelet abortions in the spring have no relation to the level of food reserves, as might have been suspected if no data were available. Nutritional work on Douglas fir and western hemlock was of an exploratory nature. Sand cultures indicate that growth of these species in soils should be improved by various treatments, particularly those tending to improve the physical condition of the soil. They showed that the nutritional requirements of the species are relatively low, as is the case with many conifers. Tap water apparently provided almost enough calcium and potassium for normal growth, with normal concentrations of the other elements. The data confirm much work on conifer nutrition in suggesting that nitrogen and phosphate are most likely to be limiting to the growth of seedlings. Experiments in artificial seeding have been continued and a new phase of these endeavours concerned the use of paper covers to protect seed-spot sowings. Indications are that some protection was afforded, but the method appears to be too costly for practical consideration. A home-made self-operating mouse-trap proved to be no better than poison bait in eliminating the mouse population. The poisoning experiments, using two different baits—thallium-oatmeal and strychnine-apple—have extended over two seasons. The mouse population appears to be reduced and better germination of Douglas fir is obtained than on unprotected areas; however, the degree of success attained in general does not compare favourably with that obtained by planting nursery stock and therefore cannot be fully recommended. It is possible that the poison bait experiments were on too small a scale, since in order to protect sowings on areas from Vio to Vi acre the bait was distributed over 5-6 acres. It is probable that the population of the adjoining land would invade the poisoned area after the bait became unattractive. Weather conditions, such as prevail throughout the winter on the Pacific Coast, probably render the bait unattractive after a short period of time. It is considered that the difficulties of population control would be materially decreased if the experiments were conducted over areas from 50-100 acres. An experiment designed to determine the cause of Douglas fir seed and initial seedling losses in spot sowings was repeated over a second season with the co-operation of officers of the Dominion Department of Agriculture in the Divisions of Forest Entomology and Pathology. Seed and seedlings were protected by specially designed cages in order to selectively eliminate birds and mice. A preliminary compilation of the first season's observations shows that drought and damping-off were the chief causes of seedling mortality. During both seasons-losses were lightest on the sub-plot which was caged to exclude both birds and mice and the heaviest losses occurred on the open sub-plot. Results suggest that both birds and mice may be responsible for some seedling losses, although it was not found possible to distinguish these losses from those which might be caused by insects. It is generally recognized that Douglas fir is a very poor natural pruner. Grown for maximum production on short rotations of about 120 years, there will be no appreciable quantity of clear wood produced unless artificial pruning is practised. A comprehensive study has been outlined with the object of finding out how much pruning will cost, using various tools and methods, and ultimately to determine whether the expected additional returns for clear wood will cover their costs. During the summer an experimental plot containing 3.5 acres was established in a 12-year-old Douglas fir plantation at the Green Timbers Plantations. This study will endeavour to determine the following:— (1.) Rate of healing of live branch wounds as effected by: (a) Different tools; (b) method of cutting, i.e., either removing or else cutting outside the branch base; and (c) the season of pruning. (2.) Tool efficiency. Four different California (curved) type saws and one pruner (shears) were included, being a selection which investigators elsewhere have shown to be best as judged by time-cost, causing the least tree damage, and producing the best cuts. In this test an attempt was made to eliminate the variation due to size and number of branches per tree. Three operators were used in the test, and each had a minimum training period of half a day with each tool. FF 18 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. (3.) Pruning costs in the bole section between 1.5 and 7.5 feet, including elapsed working-time (walking from tree to tree, etc.). The best dominants, at an approximate spacing of 18 by 18 feet, were marked for pruning. The selected trees had an average diameter of 3.6 inches and average height of 23.6 feet. The stand shows evidence of growing on one of the best British Columbia sites, with a probable site index of 170 or better at 100 years. At 12 years the following characteristics of the fir portion of the stand are of interest:— Number of trees over 0.5 in. D.B.H 825 per acre. Total basal area 31.06 sq. ft. per acre. Average D.B.H. 1 2.6 in. Average height 19.7 ft. A preliminary compilation shows that healing progressed rapidly on trees pruned late in May. Even on trees pruned in July the callus tissue was beginning to roll over the shoulder of the branch stubs. Only slight differences in time-cost were found between the different tools tested. Under the heavy underbrush conditions existing at Green Timbers it was found that the moving-time from tree to tree was nearly equal to the pruning-time. Total time per man-tree averaged 6.4 minutes. Applied Management Studies. Cutting plans investigations were continued on the logging operation on Vancouver Island which has been under close observation for the past three years. All lands logged and burned prior to 1941 were examined in detail early last summer and the beneficial effects of " patch logging " on the rate of regeneration is quite marked. However, too short a time has elapsed since logging for the new stands to become fully established, so definite conclusions cannot be drawn at this time. At the request of the management of a company, a preliminary investigation was made of the sustained yield possibilities of a large tract of timber now being developed on Vancouver Island. The logging and milling study in Engelmann spruce of the Okanagan Valley was completed; however, due to personnel difficulties there has been no opportunity to complete the analysis of the data. Fire-control Studies. Research in the field of forest protection has been suspended for the duration of hostilities as personnel with the necessary specialized training is no longer available. However, it was possible to continue with the programme of panoramic lookout photography, and it is of interest that these photos are of sufficient use to the Department of National Defence to necessitate their having duplicate copies of all our panoramas. In addition, five military observation-posts were photographed during the season. The following lookout points were photographed during the year:— Vancouver Forest District: Elk and Empress with retakes of Rosewall and Upper Campbell. Kamloops Forest District: Swakum. Nelson Forest District: Morrissey, Roderick Dhu, Sentinel, Copper, Idaho, Whatshan, Upper Duncan, Natal, Watson, and Mineral Monument 73. SOIL SURVEYS AND RESEARCH. Research on the problem of the relationship of forest increment to soil profiles has been suspended during the past year. Our efforts were directed toward the completion of the soil survey of the E. & N. Railway Grant on Vancouver Island and the current requirements of the reforestation programme for land classification. The soil survey of the E. & N. Railway Grant was started in 1940 as part of a programme leading toward planned land utilization in which forest and agricultural uses would be considered as complementary in regional development. The project is co-operative with the Dominion Experimental Farms Service, Ottawa, and the Provincial Department of Agriculture assisting in the field work. During the first year 154,000 acres were examined, but for various reasons it was not possible to resume FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 19 activities until January, 1942. At that time the scope of the survey was enlarged to include agricultural lands outside the " Grant" so that the area under study may now be described as the southern half of Vancouver Island. To date a total of 550,000 acres have been mapped, including the entire east coast of Vancouver Island from the Salmon River Valley to Mill Bay and the district surrounding the head of Alberni Canal. The only areas of importance remaining to be examined are the Saanich Peninsula, Met- chosin, and Sooke Districts. Plans have been made to complete the project early in 1943. It is standard procedure to have soil examinations made of possible reforestation sites with a view to excluding potential arable land from our plantations. During the past year lands were examined at Alberni, Campbell Lake, Waterloo Creek, Big Horn Valley, Nanaimo Lakes Road, and Hill 60. A total of 26,000 acres was classified, making a grand total of 164,000 acres so examined to date. In addition, a reconnaissance was made of a large portion of the Sayward Forest, which was found to be definitely non-agricultural. REFORESTATION. Forest Nurseries. Production at the two nurseries was maintained at the rate of approximately 10,000,000 trees of 2-0 stock per annum. However, the unusual weather conditions which occurred in 1941 were followed by heavy frosts and a silver thaw early in 1942. These served to inflict heavy losses on the nursery stock; in the case of hemlock and spruce there was bad heaving, while Douglas fir suffered badly by the ice-crust skinning the bark off the seedlings from the ground up. The remaining stock made excellent growth during the season and culling will be light. Research activities were continued and some progress was made in applying stratification to nursery conditions. Experiments were carried out using peat to protect stratified seed from damping-off organisms, and results indicate that the peat protects the seedlings from the pathogens yet has no adverse effect on the soil, even when added to the soil to the extent of 50 per cent. In the nursery, seedlings from stratified seed were definitely larger and stronger than those from spring-sown, dry seed but they were still not sufficiently large to be used as 1-0 planting stock. Experiments designed to test more practicable methods of stratification sowing and disease- control are under way. Poisonous dusts are being tried as control for decay in winter-sown Douglas fir seed. The cone-crop for 1942 was a total failure and no seed was added to the stocks on hand, which are ample for next season's requirements. Planting. Planting projects were located on Vancouver Island at Bowser, Timberlands near Ladysmith, Lower Campbell Lake, Quinsam Lake, Hill 60 near Duncan, and at Elk Falls. In addition, a small amount of experimental planting was done at the Green Timbers plantations and the Squamish Community Forest. A total of 6,694,000 trees was planted on 7,928 acres of cut-over land. Much the greater part of the planting took place in the spring with only about 5 per cent, being planted in the fall. No projects were conducted by logging companies, due no doubt to the scarcity of labour. The following table summarizes the planting to date:— Status. Previously PLANTED. Plantei , 1942. Totals to Date. Trees (in Thousands). Acres. Trees (in Thousands). Acres. Trees (in Thousands). Acres. Crown lands— Production _ - 10,661.0 614.6 733.2 124.0 31.1 13,198.0 517.7 877.3 112.0 30.0 6,673.8 5.3 7,908.0 5.0 3.0 12.0 17,334.8 619.9 733.2 126.5 43.6 21,106.0 522.7 877.3 2.5 12.5 115.0 Other private planting (farm, wood-lots, etc.) 42.0 Totals ... 12,163.9 14,735.0 6,694.1 7,928.0 18,858.0 22,663.0 FF 20 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Losses by fire to date, 211 acres; net acreage of plantations, 22,452. Fortunately labour for the spring planting operations was obtained without particular difficulty through the Employment Service of Canada; however, shortly thereafter the situation changed rapidly and by midsummer it was very doubtful if any men could have been hired for that type of work. In the meantime arrangements had been completed for personnel of the Alternate Service Workers to be stationed in the Vancouver Forest District and following the closing of the fire season in October these men have done the fall planting, felled snags, and opened up old railroad grades in preparation for the tree-planting it is planned they will do next spring. The programme calls for the planting of approximately 7,000,000 trees at Menzies Bay, Loveland Lake, Quinsam Lake, Lower Campbell Lake, Bowser, Timberlands, Hill 60, and the Robertson River Valley. PUBLICATIONS. The following papers were prepared for publication during the past year:— " Parthenocarpy, Parthenogenesis, and Self-sterility of Douglas Fir," by G. S. Allen. Journal of Forestry 40: 642-644, 1942. " Douglas Fir Seed from Young Trees," by G. S. Allen. Journal of Forestry 40: 722-723, 1942. " Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), A Summary of its Life History," by G. S. Allen. British Columbia Forest Service Research Note No. 9; 27 pages, 1942. "Alaska Highway Survey in British Columbia," by G. S. Andrews. Geographical Journal, July, 1942. PROVINCIAL PARKS. The most notable feature of parks administration has been the appointment of two men as Park Rangers. Previously there have been attendants on duty at various parks during the summer season and there has been the headquarters technical staff, but for the first time men were assigned to work full time in the field on the administration and development of specific parks. One man was stationed at the Wells Gray Park and the other on Mount Seymour. As these men become fully acquainted with the recreational requirements of the public and the potentialities of each area to meet these demands it will be their task to assist in drawing up long-term plans of development. In addition, the Park Ranger will carry out the routine administrative tasks relative to issuing park-use permits, maintenance of improvements, assistance to the people using the park, and fire-protection. The classification of Nakusp Hot Springs and the Medicine Bowls Parks was changed from "A" to " C " and in future these areas will be administered by local advisory park boards. There were three minor adjustments of boundaries and the following table summarizes the Provincial Parks in British Columbia to December 31st, 1942: Number of Classification. Parks. Acres. Class A 16 2,715,276 Class B 3 4,622,246 Class C 27 4,113 Administered under separate Park Acts 3 1,666,560 Totals 49 9,008,195 or 14,075 sq. mi. Peace Arch Park continues to be very popular and numerous improvements were made by way of rearrangement of some of the flower-beds and pools. The American counterpart of this park has been considerably improved during the past year, so the combined area of the two parks constitutes an attractive beauty-spot. Mapping of the Elk Falls, Little Qualicum, Englishman River, Stamp Falls, John Dean, and Medicine Bowls Parks was completed and, exclusive of the latter, long-term development plans have been formulated. Detailed maps and a full report for the first five mentioned are now in the process of compilation. These parks are strategically located at the outstanding beauty-spots on Vancouver Island and offer easy access to - ■ -m»^ ■ ■ One of the numerous scenic views to be found in Elk Falls Park, near Campbell River. '■ ''■■:"; ■ ■ ■■■.. . ■ ■ ■■ ■ ■:■■•' '■ ' .'. :':-." . ■■ ":'' '■■■ '■ " . ■ ■■■ . . .-.-' ■■'. '■'.-. ■ Registration-booth at John Dean Park, near Victoria. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 21 the public. Facilities have been provided for sightseers and picknickers and from June 1st to September 30th an attendant is on duty at each area. A summary of the registration-books indicates that an estimated 29,600 people visited these five parks during the summer months of 1942. This compares with an estimate of 31,400 during the same period of 1941. Thus despite travel restrictions there was only a decrease of 5.6 per cent, in numbers of visitors this season. The number of American and foreign visitors was only half that of the preceding year, whereas British Columbia people, forced to take short trips and remain closer to home, increased their visits by nearly 6 per cent. Little Qualicum Falls Park again proved to be the most popular, while Elk Falls and Stamp Falls suffered the greatest loss in visitors because of their distance from the main highways and centres of population. A limited programme of improvements on the Island Parks and at Mount Seymour was initiated using a number of the Alternate Service Workers during the season when fire-hazard is non-existent. At Mount Seymour trails are being improved, the ski-run further developed, an administrative headquarters cabin constructed, a new system of signs and guide posts established, further slashing carried out along the right-of-way for the proposed highway to the mountain, and maintenance of the old logging truck- road now the principal access to the park. On Vancouver Island a small mobile crew is going from park to park building registration-booths, constructing suitable facilities for housing the park attendants, and, in general, doing maintenance jobs which are too extensive for the attendants to attempt during the summer season. FOREST BRANCH LIBRARY. Items RECEIVED AND CATALOGUED. Classification. Up to 1940. 1941. 1942. Totals. Bound volumes — - Government Reports and Bulletins, etc 329 2,910 766 5 153 36 9 120 29 343 3,183 831 Totals - 4,005 194 158 4,357 55 5,259 43 1,962 22,898 30,119 FOREST MANAGEMENT. The gross scale of all forest products for the year 1942 shows a net reduction of five hundred and seven million feet from the previous year's total. Although production east of the Cascades advanced nearly fifty million feet the coastal region, where the major volume accrues, dropped behind considerably over one-half billion feet. Labour shortage due to man-power requirements of the armed forces and other war industries was the main contributing factor. At the same time the past ten-year average production level of approximately three billion feet was exceeded by two hundred million feet. Despite reduced output, gross estimated value of production exceeded last year's record by over $4,500,000. This is attributable to higher unit sale values under pressure of war needs. Lumber, shingles, boxes, and poles, with added value accruing from the manufacture of ply-wood and veneers, are the main items contributing to the increase in total production value. Reduction is noted in the value of logs exported due to short log-supply for home consumption. The Christmas-tree business has been under close observation by the Forest Service since it assumed prominence some years ago. With expansion of the business year by year over the past decade there arose a demand for extension of cutting rights from private lands, where it first originated, to Crown lands in the Douglas fir regions of the Province, as Douglas fir was found to be the most desirable species. The annual cut from 1937 on reached a total of around one and one-half million trees. FF 22 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. The centres of production in order of importance are Invermere, Cranbrook, and Fernie in the East Kootenay District; Kamloops and the open range lands of the Cariboo District in the Interior Dry Belt; Vancouver Island and the Lower Fraser Valley west of the Coast mountains. It is recognized that Christmas trees are a legitimate forest product and the perpetual production of these trees on specified poor-quality growing-sites can be good forestry practice if properly managed. However, on the greater proportion of permanent forest lands it is considered more profitable to produce sawlogs and other timber products so that the second growth and reproduction used for the Christmas- tree trade should be preserved for restocking purposes. The claim that Christmas- tree cutting consists of a thinning of young stands for the betterment of the final timber-crop is not borne out in actual practice. From observation it was found that with few exceptions harvesting methods employed in British Columbia were destructive and improvident; in other words, Christmas-tree lands were " mined " instead of " farmed." For this reason, and by reason of inability to maintain a properly trained supervisory staff to ensure permanent benefit to the industry, cutting on Crown lands was prohibited, with the exception of two experimental areas in the East Kootenay and on the open range lands in the Cariboo District. These sites are too dry to grow satisfactory timber-crops and clearing for grazing purposes is advantageous. In 1941 a survey of the East Kootenay District was undertaken and tentative arrangements made to institute a permit system on Crown lands of low-quality growing-sites. These permits were to be issued to resident settlers, with a limitation on the annual cut, based on the sustained yield capacity of the permit area. Permits were not intended to replace private land production but rather to supplement it and thereby give the settler an added income. During 1942 sixty-one such permits were issued to bona-fide settlers between Invermere and the International Boundary in the East Kootenay. Conditions embodied in each permit were designed to ensure the harvesting of successive crops in perpetuity. It is anticipated that these permits will serve to demonstrate the practicability of Christmas-tree " farming," or, in other words, that a sustained and increased annual yield of improved quality trees can be attained in contrast to the short-time exploitation of Christmas-tree lands formerly in vogue. It is hoped that ultimately private lands best suited for Christmas-tree growth will also be managed and operated on a sustained yield basis. Operations on these sixty-one permit areas during 1942 yielded 164,860 trees out of a total allowable cut estimated at 243,300 trees. Another development of interest during 1942 was the introduction of regulations governing the harvesting of cascara-bark, as a first step towards the conservation of this native tree of highly medicinal value. Through improper methods of harvesting, but a small part of the cascara available was heretofore recovered and rapid depletion of native stands of this species was in evidence. All harvesting of cascara-bark on Crown lands is now under permit and in the case of privately owned lands the written consent of the private owner must first be obtained. All permits granted over Crown lands require the observance of the following conditions:— (1.) All trees must be felled prior to peeling: (2.) All cascara-trees under 4 inches stump diameter 6 inches above the ground are reserved from cutting: (3.) Stumps must be left at least 6 inches in height above the ground and no bark is to be removed from the stump: (4.) All limbs and branches must be peeled down to a diameter of at least 1% inches: (5.) Every precaution must be taken to prevent injury to small sprouts growing below the stump-line: CHRISTMAS-TREE CULTURE. ■■:■- r& Trees from limbs. After the first Christmas tree is cut, one or two limbs are left on a high stump. These turn upwards and form separate, symmetrical trees. In this picture one such limb tree has been cut (note stump in front of paper) the other limb tree has been pruned to increase bushiness. fe": '••"'; Pruning the lower part of the tree-trunk increases the bushiness of the top, making it more attractive for a Christmas tree. In this case some limbs should have been left below the pruning to make more trees when the original tops are cut. •IIP l*~I! FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 23 (6.) A return statement of bark harvested (in pounds, dry weight) will be completed and the permit form returned to the issuing forest officer when collecting has been completed, and in any case not later than January 31st of the following year. These permits are issued free of charge and are designed primarily to inculcate harvesting methods which will tend to perpetuate the growth of the cascara-tree and conserve the supply of a valuable medicinal agent. No dues are payable on the bark collected, but the permits are personal and not transferable. They do not permit the hiring of paid collectors, but are deemed to cover collection of bark by other members of the permittee's own family. Collectors are urged to apply the same principles to the harvesting of bark from privately held lands. Penalties are provided for infraction of the regulations or any term or condition of any permit issued thereunder. Total production of cascara-bark for 1942 is estimated at 300 tons (dry weight), with a value of $150,000. The bulk of production came from private lands, as the tree thrives best on alluvial soils. It is found principally in the lower Coast region and on Vancouver Island, but it also occurs scattered throughout the Interior Wet Belts in the southern portion of the Province. Over 500 permits were issued for collection on Crown lands. The rules for good practice ih harvesting were in many instances not closely followed, as shown by field observation, which indicates the necessity of extended educational effort with the two-fold objective in mind—namely, protection and perpetuation of this public asset and the assurance of a continual annual income to the collector. A few instances of individuals establishing plantations are reported both on the Coast and in the Interior. Statistical tables follow giving details of the forest industry for the year. , A few observations are in order to indicate general trends. The details of water-borne lumber trade are again withheld because of the war. Pulp and paper output was curtailed during the last half of the year by the introduction of quota paper shipment allotments and difficulties experienced in the supply of raw material in the form of pulp logs. Production value remained at about the same level as the previous year. Douglas fir still leads in the volume cut by species, forming 44 per cent, of the total production. Cedar fell off considerably, but maintains second place with over 18 per cent. Hemlock is a close rival of cedar and bids fair to outstrip it. Spruce follows with 9 per cent., gaining ground each year with heavier cut in the Interior stands. Balsam, larch, yellow pine, white pine, lodgepole pine, and several deciduous species make up the balance. It is interesting to note the cut of birch, a valuable source of veneer for aircraft manufacture, exceeded 3,400,000 board-feet, over 50 per cent, from the Fort George District, and oak appears for the first time. Non-royalty bearing timber from early Crown grants forms about one-third of the cut, with timber licences a close second. Timber sales produced 18 per cent, of the cut and leases about 12 per cent. In minor products the main item is cedar poles and piling; production increased appreciably over the previous year, the larger sizes being in demand to fill the gap caused by shortage of metal and other substitutes. Hewn ties show a further decline. Christmas-tree production also decreased. Owing to a favourable fire season in most districts logging inspection work increased materially, despite disruptions of staff due to enlistments. Coincident with opportunity afforded for increased activity in field inspection trespass was curtailed in comparison with 1941. Pre-emption inspection work again reduced in keeping with lesser number of pre-emptions in effect. Land examination and classification as the result of applications under the " Land Act" called for over 500 individual reports, a reduction of about 180 from the previous year. FF 24 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Timber-sales maintain their priority in staff activity and, with continued demand for increased production, sales awarded in 1942 surpassed slightly in acreage those dealt with in the previous year. Estimated revenue from this source exceeds the $2,125,000 mark. More detailed tables are submitted in this report with respect to stumpage prices, as bid, on sales awarded, together with stumpage actually received for timber-sale material scaled during the year. It is noteworthy that the general advance in stumpage values is not immediately reflected in current operations by reason of the fact that much of the material scaled during the current year originated on sales acquired under market conditions existing at the time of the contract, many of them dating back to early or pre-war years. Export of unmanufactured logs was about half the volume reported for 1941. This is attributable to the active demand for local consumption and control exercised over export by the Timber Control Board of the Federal Government. The forest insect survey is a co-operative effort on the part of the Forest Service with the Dominion Department of Agriculture, Entomological Branch, as a means of obtaining widely disseminated information as to the occurrence of injurious forest insects. Monthly collections of insects present on growing timber are obtained by all field officers and boxed for shipment to the Entomological Laboratory at Vernon, British Columbia, where identification is made of insects obtained. Thus in the event of an outbreak of epidemic proportions of any injurious form of forest insect-life adequate steps may be taken to prevent widespread destruction of merchantable timber values. With the half billion feet decrease in output for 1942 in comparison with 1941 forest revenue shows a slight reduction. The item of timber-sale stumpage continues to show an advance, while royalty revenue is off slightly. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 25 M m a B3 FH H W s p tH « o ■ OS H H 0J • > CM 11 ^ U co i >iCl o o ,H ea rQ 3 P. CM O O H > et rH +j -tf o C5 ^ t- -tf IO t- id *# 00 OJ to e» t- io » O 00 I cs ! rH t- Ol OO ci -* CO OJ o CO CM O CO OJ Ol CO CO 1 CM rH b t- io t- ec 00 IO fc- rH b- co rH eo r-t CT. CO I 00 OJ -tf N W •-" tc rH -tf" o* ioV t> ■•** t-^ b- fc- 00 t- IA rH 03 ' CM rH •tf OJ o to to CO o IO eo NMMS'COtOON O 00 eo io eo oj OJ CO ~tf to t- H a CM CM CO tOCMOICMCMC-rHOJ CI OJ O o to b IO rH IO b- to OJ b- oocoioooocncMio O O b- -tf O OJ *tf U5 IO <« to «* o fc- co IN rt N rt H CO fl CJ "■*■ CO tr CO 03 O en -tf IO IO tr b- ■** -tf "* CO O ■* IO H lO 00 ea CO OJ CO r-l to IO to o -tf to a CC fc- CO 00 00 ■>* t- rH tO CO CO t- "tf o CJ «* CO CJ ■0 to to o t- IO D- N m •* to CO CO CM eo cn rH C- 03 cc 0) ■* i-i CO IO CM IO IO CO CO OJ ■-tf «0 TJ- <tf IO Ol H t- " -■ o »o CM io b- ->* IO „ CO COt-'fttOOOTOOOJIO to CJ CO CO b- O rH CO t- to CO CO -*00O-^C-t-CMt- eo to OJ rH ^r b- t- "*„ ~* to to to CO o fc» Ol t- ^i O) t> N IO 00 oo to O rH CM eo O co" US* O b- b CO CC cm" t- CJ OJ CO CO -* OJ r-l b- iH LA ^J- cc ■* "tf o O tc rH 00 OJ 00 CO CO CM CO fc- ** CD « OJ rH O rH -tf to OJ IO ■* Tf Ol ■tf ■># b- <M ■tf CM t- CO CJ o CO OJ CM CM "tf CJ CM -tf l~l CO OJ to OJ OJ to Tf< o CO fc- CM oc Ol rH CO rH CO O CO fc* b- c< CO CO Ol CO cn io to to CM co to CI OJ O CM 00 io" OJ OJ O CO to to to o rH to CM CM CO c- CM o CM o IO CO eo to o eo io cm w to O oj co b- oo OJ O Ol CO 00 to IO CO IO t- rH tO CM "tf t- to IO o b- IO 1* t- o CM o 00 ec ■* o rH ta 00 OJ OJ -tf 00 00 00 -tf OJ Cl CO cn OJ CO -tf eo »o oc CC CM b- "f -tf "tf to eo «H oj 03 ■«) CM tc IO rH -Tt CO rH b- o cc cr IO cc IO ! C- IO O 00 t- IO CO IO Ol O IO -tf IO -* io CM CM OJ t- co » t- h f a -^j- o CO to ^" *-i a tc rH c- tc CJ "tf t- tf ^ 'f M OJ eo -tf CC cn co o OC o If 00 CO "tf OJ -tf OJ CJ i-H CM o 00 IE CM CM ta TH rH -tf 00 CO o CM tc b- ec CC t- oo O b- OJ rH O b- CM rH "tf o CO o -tf 0) lO t- CM co b- to "tf CM O IO o b- CO tc kg to o CM cn IO OO "tf to rH r-l CO CO to OJ CO rH CC o o CC Ol rH CM rH to OJ i-H CM cc to b- Cm rH to 1-1 CM to +j D ' a .2 0] 4- P a p c u c a S xa 5 V C *0 a 3 lo p .2 C « T a £ .5 in V P oi tj c £ c a K '5 c 0) £ p m ns "S < a G 0) a tn a B tr .2 t. ■*- D < t P Bi *i a a i < 4 c a ! 1 p 0 p s 3 « 5 X ■+■ P £ ■a s 2 oa +» a w Hg PI u c 0 a _c 'I £ p. 9 s X « !7" 0 E B] C j s > c i a 7 i K C c a I i- > s £ c * p e 1 > B E a > a f [ s 1 C P c s E 1 1 FF 26 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. THE FOREST INDUSTRIES. Estimated Value of Production, including Loading and Freight within the Province. Product. Lumber— Pulp and paper Shingles... Boxes Doors Piles, poles, and mine props Cordwood, fence-posts, and lagging Ties, railway - Additional value contributed by the wood- using industry Laths and other miscellaneous products Logs exported _. Pulp-wood exported Christmas trees Cascara bark Totals 1936. $36,160,000 14,950,000 7,800,000 1,629,000 2,718,000 1,434,000 1,489.000 623,000 1,360,000 1,200,000 2,646,000 11,000 1937. $40,638,000 17,214,000 6,876,000 2,122,000 2,971,000 2,346,000 1,459,000 560,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 3,782,000 5,000 1938. $36,296,000 11,066,000 6,875,000 1,964,000 1,353,000 1,616,000 1,455,000 560,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 3,238,000 1939. $72,010,000 $80,872,000|$67,122,000 I $50,379,000 16,191,000 8,560,000 2,039,000 737,000 1,556,000 1,495,000 360,000 1,500,000 1,400,000 3,852,000 11,000 141,000 1940. 1941. $55,514,000 $64,596,000 22,971,000 27,723,000 9,620,000! 11,550,000 4,779,000 4,707,000 740.0001 * 1,759,000: 1,723,000 1,399,000: 1,522,000 258,000! 204,000 1942. 1,600,000 1,400,000 2,684,000 8,000 72,000; 2,000,000 1,500,000 4,212,000 7,000 176,000 $88,221,000 $102,804,000 $119,920,000 $124,720,000 $67,150,000 27,457,000 12,822,000 5,397,000 2,576,000 2,165,000 221,000 2,500,000 1,500,000 2,618,000 2,000 162,000 150,000 Ten-year Average, 1933-42. $40,855,000 17,353,000 8,004,000 2,709,000 1,021,000 1,508,000 1,535,000 453,000 1,548,000 1,468,000 2,951,000 14,000 55,000 15,000 $79,489,000 * Included in wood-using industry value. Paper (in Tons). Product. 1936. 1937. 1938. 1939. 1940. 1941. 1942. Ten-year Average, 1933-42. 276,710 41,443 264,136 53,026 179,639 39,348 216,542 50,870 262,144 68,428 275,788 75,453 252,559 74,915 246,209 48,759 In addition to 300,287 tons of pulp manufactured into paper in the Province 171,272 tons were shipped out of the Province during the year. Total Amount of Timber scaled in British Columbia during the Years 1941-42 (inF.B.M.). Forest District. 1941. 1942. Gain. Loss. Net Loss. 3,053,573,768 212,805.474 2,528,147,522 182,993,071 525,426,246 29,812,403 3,266,379,242 2,711,140,593 555,238,649 27,154,497 107,938,790 141,573,370 136,711,615 30,921,143 123,102,695 154,759,005 152,716,743 3,766,646 15,163,905 13,185,635 16,005,128 Kamloops - -7 Totals, Interior 413,378,272 461,499,586 48,121,314 3,679,757,514 3,172,640,179 507,117,335 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. 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Cj pj o Eh oc o ' " c c. * c * t- i b CO* fr" fr" o -tf" -C t- c: o J o K 3 Ci > C > CD CO o CT o O o *■ o u c 5 r- o L * 3 C > O CJ CO fr- t; o_ o c TrH ic co ir OC r- cr 4 CC b e* 3 OC CJ o CD o c CJ 6 -I 11 Pre-emp- ions, S.R nd Misce laneous. CC CM tC T O" Cv c ) OC c > cc s c ) CO o CO Tf b- cc OJ -tf b- 00 If er OC u r- O i CT ) ir > oc OJ eo CO Tf CM CO CM CO fr rH o o- OJ] -tf a ci Lf fr a > b Tl CO fr- -# o b- -tf "tf ct o. c 0 cr CC LC c b 1 O fr o * a 1 o J* o OC o CN LO CO b o CO CO b If co oi" c 3 O o J c i V Tt< OJ OJ CM o CO 4-> cd § 5 X v, r- rH CT IC ■tf a c ) b- c > T T] CD OJ -tf CO "tf CO o lO CJ r- 1^ or tc a Cf T Tl o CO CO -tf CD fr eo * - Is c LO b- cr c; a ) i- CC ' c fr IO CM LO CO o. rH O C LC rH O b- IC >r Tj o o I o Tj CO Tt" of a CO Sla if CS 0 OC t c r- 00 o CO o LC to * 1 ■fl oi_ OC cc o Ct o If c o c CO 00 eo CO If o EH If b- c c ^r tc fr * Cv cc o T b b r-" c CO H-» TJ oc OC t- If tc Tt* CD CO -tf tc o "3 ■"" ft* 5 cd cj J- 5 CM Lf LC Lf T] T| -tf CO CM CM Tf CO Q Tj b o O CO CD o T) o iO Lf o J c c LO OJ IO CO cr to rjj £ g C S c HH M U -a CT o r- c CO rl CO c OJ b if c; c o b CO* Tf Tf ec I-H LO o If c OJ to OJ oo tc OJ rt Si O0 OC r- Lf c c o 0> eo o C CD Ph r§ H "" *• o CO CO LO fr" oc CO 01 —• C to cr CO o K c e c b- CO to CM t- LO li fr- fr fr cc T eo cn Ol CO c rH t-t oc -tf b- b If CT C c Tl Tj c O 00 LO to CO CM CO CO CT oc eo lo" ■ ta to > T3 o a .IS oc -tf fr c fr b- CJ b- CO -tf b- cc C b c Tl CM rH Tf eo tc OJ HiJ cc OJ LC a Cf fr CT b b rH 0 b .2 £ to I- CN « o- r- CO LO -tf o Cv OJ CO Cf cc CC !C 0" IO CD IO Tf K •tf a 5 o OJ OC ot t- Ci" IC If cc c CC IO LO CO CO O" OJ 1 ° 0 g Tf CO -tf b- b- ■n Tt fr fr CT CO rH fr- CM CO co a- rr cc ic cr fr CT CO fr- 00 Tf IT LO CO o ec CM OJ c if OC Cf CT -tf CO CD 00 o o CO CM ec t- CT fr CC 1- fr a CO LO Tf b^ eo Ih CO cc fc. b- of tc o oc Tf cc -d a o CO CM* CO b-* LO b 0J c ec L~ iH* QJ CJ S £ CO CM r- o Cv Tl CC CT OJ -tf o c o CO 0 e c b- fr 00 CO b- CO IC 00 '-. OJ OJ Tf 3 g eo c ^ CO fi CJ %■ < a* ■2 • fi fi > c ° c O r= bo rt o o -r» CO (5 CV r- c CT OC fr to LC -tf CO cd u QJ > ifiS 4H 0 ■tf Tt CC CC ee co « CO cc cd *S1 a; ta +» ■° w >> § uc MO T3 cd CU cn '— '- O" CT c 0" oj oj cn CJ a u cd CJ >> o HH % CU > a c cj a A c P \ Ph Pi a c SO a 8 ■+ c E- i +- e 4- +> 4H 4J Cd a. d) Q, C * 0 C C c c C oooo 0 CJ e c cfl CJ e. .S .£ i s C "a E- E- E- E- H tH Eh Eh H H > ft. X fc HH r? FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. PP 29 o c E-.JS ! ■ CM CO to fr- oj : ' CM b- : ! eo O ! ! o LO i : o . CO oj : O j O 1 CO LO ! LO b- -tf : ;oj i 00 ! I ° -tf : eo I CD Tf 1 b- ! Tf OJ -tf j IO 1 -tf ; 41 CM 1 1 co i to 1 ;oi i O ! CO i O ! CO ! ■ I-H ! y-H i ! co : -tf : oo : Tf : b i IO 1 ■ io : -OJ ! ■ oi : 1-1 ! ,'H : l1"*1 ! Ith : ^ ! fc, 1 CO Tf OJ i oo : : °° : N | ;CJ j H O M H m a Z <c M E-i Z o n < CO P J o O ttj CO ►—I H 3 pq Q a o m pa a m ,0 B £4 oi fi pq 00 ! ! fr* •* ! ! O O ! oj : 'CO rH 1 , OJ oj : ! I-H to ! : LO oo : : o IrH ! ! 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CO i OJ 1 CM 1 iO* 1 1 OJ '• I co ! ■ CM ! i l-H O i b-*tftDCOtOCvllOCOCMCC;OJi-HtDC«C010CJCOCMCTM tOlOCTOJ-tftOCOOOCJtOCOCJOCOtOTfCVICOOCJt O-tfCJi-HtDOCOlOi-HlOCCCOCMCMWCOCT-Oi-HOJCJC OOCVIM-tfLO-HWeOCT'tftOeDCC'iOb-CCKLO.IOCTlOeOOOCJO COtOOb-COOOtD-tfOb-tOO-CCTtOOTfCMOCMrH-Ot-OtDCO CMOJi010CTtOC»t-tOi-HCTOCTCCCC-tfi-HCTOOJlOCCC0100JC- 40COCOCMOLOOJCOOCMOJ fr- CO tD CO fr- OJ fr- CM CO CO CT CM HCOTfrHb-T*-OOJIOOCMr rH OJ LO tH CO CO co eo co co oco COO-Oi-HlOXlOTflOTfOJOJCOCMtOOl rH CO OJ fr-00 IO CM O to CMOS -tf IO CM tO fr-00 COtDCvtlOOJCOOOJ-HCO THCOlOOTfOJlOCOtOOJ- lOtOOOtDiHlOTflOOCMOOtOCJOOlO CMC^lOCTO"tf-H-tfcOi-HOJOJ-tfOb--HOOJ-tfCOfr-i-H-tfXLOCTfr-OJM "'■OTtfHWMMWHWffilCmCOHWNHL--OCCmWfr-HmO*ONONC0 "tfOL^fr-Cii-H[>COOJtOlOCOOOOlOOCCC-tfi-HIO"M-H10C010b-b-lOC- -tf CO Ol "tf -tf fr- r OJ OJ -tf IO OJ CO CO CM -fr-TfrHtOCMfr-r H rH tO rH -tf 00 OJ rH O CM -fr-rHOCMOJCOOJ-H tO CO (O CD CO IO CD "tf CJ HU3^CDCOOI>*tOCCH^NQHCJHt-CSWNMWHCDOCDHHWt-«"?OCCNO.CSIO COCO-tf"tfb-TfC-JO-tfi-HtOC^OOt^-tftOCOb--tfCTlOCOb-COCOi-HC^lO 00OC"CDHWOK3WGHOQOCD^NCCO-fWU3l>OOoiac0«C-CCCWMCi3^O-l'tJ3 lOOJi-Hi-HOCMCOr CO CO i-H fr- CJ tO CM tD CO "tf-tf O CO OJ 00 Tf o COCO tO rH CO rH OJ to fr- CJ OJ IO CO CO fr- co to o o eo -*f io fr- io oj b- OJ O O CM IO OJ OJ CJ IO OJ rH -tf tOCO CM IO r-i fr- CO IO CJ OJ CTitr^Cr><& O fr- OJ fr- CO CO *■** H -j tn O a ST ■p a cj CO lO 00 CO CO lO fr- CO CO -tf tH O O CM rH tD Tf fr- rH CO-tf fct a ° -■tfrHCO-tftDlOCVltOCOt>tOCV|CTOJCTOJi-HtDtDCM-*lOlOOOCCLOr^ ■|^lOC^OeMt-eCMOJ*OOiOCV]CO-tfCONi-HtD-Hi-HtDl>t~OJrHi 3 CO © © tD tO OCLOlOTfOCOCOOJOOCM-HCMTfOlTf COCCTfCVlCOlOCMCOi-HCOfr-CMOJOJCOCM-O tc to to CS CO CO OJ OJ CJ CO CO i-h eo co rH tD IO 00 fr- IO CM OJ rH rH rH COrH IO IO CJ rH -_ O CO tC CT CO OJ OJ IO CD b- OO CO CJ CM 00 CM CO 00 O t- OJ l-H CO fr- OO CM* CO fr- T rH CVI r IO CJ bo* ■ CO CM O CM t- CM CM tO rH bco* io io to TflO eo"*o* eo t- co : tc o evi io co fr-*b rH fr- io to oo -tf o O 00 Tf t' cj co io t fr-OOC I'CSlOCOCCINt-CCCClP-fNMOMOCOtfHCVlOMOCD fi-HtOTft-C001tOrHCMfr-TfCOTfCTiCT)CTiOJi-HIO"0-HTfCO 3oiotciocx;tDtCi-iioc*iTfiofr-eoiococooo"oCT)iooJCT) OJ IO OJ tO tO rH fr- CT CO J CO OJ fr- - CO CO CJ - O OJ to SCO-tfrHfr-OltOr 2 CO CO CM 3 CJ O 00 40TflOCCCOTflOCM-HCC-0 00 i-H CM rH IO CM O O -tf O IO CO ! »OlO O ! O CJ Tf : -tf o oj . tO -tf CO i-H ! i-h co eo to tO OJ l-H -tf CO tD fr- Ol O fr* tO tD fr- oo Cj eo o fr- fr- Tf ©OJ to CO IO IO b- eo io eo OlOJrHOO .fH 4-> • n "5 3 a S PhSmsm _ . C Q O . y .2 - ""si CO +- * IH !p . to K cj-Chh -2 +j 4* .5 ■+*• .C. -V* w • -i-i H-> • *H 4-> • <H 4J • *H 4-> ■ <H +J ■ <*H +J ■ tH +j • lie £w it gw M gw II M g-g in g'g | Ph I -"5 (J -fl F-W SJ CJ-CrtHrJH CJ^J-Hr-J 0^^,!" g -Q R r-t CjJ f-H .5o«,-. "3 J! a fi g tl fi FF 30 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Logging Inspection, 1942. Operations. Forest District. Timber- sales. Hand- loggers' Licences. Leases, Licences, Crown Grants, and Pre-emptions. Totals. No. of Inspections. 691 382 411 1,021 581 1 17 825 135 205 931 473 1,517 534 616 1,952 1,054 3,945 2,288 826 3,993 Nelson 2,701 Totals, 1942 ', 3,086 18 2,569 5,673 13,753 Totals, 1941 _.._ 3,207 18 2,833 6.058 11,438 Totals, 1940 . 2,864 12 2,272 5,148 10,968 Totals, 1939 2,770 10 2,068 4,848 11,295 Totals, 1938 _ 2,674 23 1,804 4,501 10,828 Totals, 1937 i 2,404 46 1,932 4,382 11,507 Totals, 1936 . 2,354 35 1,883 4,272 11,138 Totals, 1935. 2,074 59 1,660 3,793 10,081 Totals, 1934 1,603 87 1,546 3,236 9,486 Totals, 1933. . 1,237 67 1,425 2,729 8,121 Ten-year average, 1933-42... 2,427 37 1,999 4,464 10,862 Trespasses, 1942. cn QJ CO a o O 6 u QJ > O 4-> . W co co 9 a) 2 Quantity cut. C "3 QJ . QJ CO ►*- QJ O B 2m OJ Forest District. « CU CU -*» oj CU "3 <v a 13 u O U ca L •M QJ ^ QJ OH cd CJ s a o E <! 66 38 20 30 26 177 48 486 244 204 1,815,114 1,294,579 963,352 288,478 52,383 12,511 301,293 1,297 23,860 26,900 148 2,204 2,263 53 89 70 201 219 130 7 2 3 3 $5,787.10 3,083.38 3,360.76 1,034.83 Nelson... — 1,382 1,125.64 Totals, 1942 180 1,159 4,413,906 365,861 4,757 490 1,512 15 $14,391.61 Totals, 1941 236 1,788 7,627,990 626,391 2,887 1,365 4,150 17 $24,253.10 Totals, 1940— 194 877 5,206,829 94,444 1,573 4,279 9,854 13 $14,088.24 Totals, 1939 209* 571 6,905,268 94,818 3,147 5,206 46,729 26 $17,725.00 Totals, 1938 149 816 4,309,030 203,195 3,014 1,185 7,530 10 $9,653.86 Totals, 1937 .„ . 156 1,147 8,239,813 143,860 1,607 2,132 35,017 7 $17,439.52 Totals, 1936 153 501 2,067,130 75,272 1,632 2,452 13 $5,243.00 Totals, 1935 121 655 3,043,486 50,965 1,283 14,078 3 $6,077.58 Totals, 1934 101 720 3,270,608 30,555 1,385 4,825 6 $5,401.05 Totals, 1933 _ 70 155 1,578,108 41,689 1,413 3,807 2 $2,727.81 Ten-year average, 1933-42 157 829 4,666,217 162,705 2,270 3,882 11 $11,700.00 * Christmas-tree cutting largely responsible for increase. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 31 Pre-emption Inspection. Pre-emption records examined, by districts, are:— Average, Ten Yrs. 1942. 1933-42. Vancouver 148 312 Prince Rupert 104 176 Fort George 312 560 Kamloops 579 766 • Nelson 83 131 Totals 1,226 1,945 Areas examined for Miscellaneous Purposes of the " Land Act," 1942. Forest District. Applications for j Applications for Hay and Grazing j Pre-emption Leases. Records. Applications to Purchase. Miscellaneous. Totals. No. 1 6 - 1 56 6 Acres. 57 1,590 80 12,001 794 No. 2 11 2 24 4 Acres. 110 1,569 221 3,563 388 No. 35 10 19 52 33 Acres. 2,029 1,099 1,592 4,943 3,291 No. 17 7 7 36 5 Acres. 476 825 358 6,246 1,376 No. 55 34 29 168 48 Acres. 2,672 5,083 2,251 26,753 5,849 Kamloops Nelson. Totals 70 14,522 43 1 5.851 149 .12,954 72 9,281 334 42,608 Classification of Areas examined, 1942. Forest District. Total Area. Agricultural Land. Non-agricultural Land. Merchantable Timber Land. Estimated Timber on Merchantable Timber Land. Acres. 2,672 5,083 2,251 26,753 5,849 Acres. 949 1,470 1,289 4,381 1,192 Acres. 1,723 3,613 962 22,372 4,657 Acres. 140 M.B.M. Prince Rupert „ 1,173 Nelson T 71 348 Totals 42,608 9,281 33,327 211 1,521 FF 32 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Areas cruised for Timber-sales, 1942. Forest District. Number cruised. Acreage. Saw- i Poles and timber Piles (M.B.M.).! (Lineal Ft.). Shingle-bolts and Cordwood (Cords). Railway-ties (No.). Car Stakes and Posts (No.). 321 274 230 396 248 48,138 50,198 64,010 74,503 68,373 1 308,710 | 547,525 . 78,725 1,115,000 96,382 568,750 175.373 1 2.666.150 7,748 8,790 48,462 24,274 10,958 2,500 214,225 66,194 77,744 20,443 Prince Rupert Fort George.. 34,600 51,000 Nelson 135,486 3,665,314 657,900 Totals, 1942...... 1,469 305,222 794,676 8,562,739 100,232 381,106 743,500 Totals, 1941. 1,611 . 321,220 689,595 15,794,246 126,463 199,174 263,480 Totals, 1940 1,620 300,480 572,562 11,309,288 72,157 314,644 512,042 Totals, 1939 1,324 212,594 470,660 5,016,945 68,078 339,866 261,100 Totals, 1938 1,486 325,403 482,680 5,747,765 126,329 804,240 169,900 Totals, 1937 - 1,471 ] 278,386 633,216 9,658,000 140,820 753,408 160,450 Totals, 1936 1,415 252,035 464,402 8,535,045 148,606 1,083,746 63,200 Totals, 1935 1,319 238,952 398,884 5,674,908 114,753 1,164,454 74,700 Totals, 1934 1,331 223,391 356,264 2,856,619 80,101 1,235,766 73,766 Totals, 1933 942 169,831 186,418 1,620,112 95,233 549,976 174,861 Ten-year average, 1933-1942 1,399 262,751 504,936 7,477,567 107,277 682,638 249,700 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. 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CO •*■*■ & CO 4-> Cj to "£ O h5 fi s > 1 1 j ° c .£ *> © HH 00 0 O T3 f o 4-> p a Ph '■'■ T3 -2 -p CO t 0 fi fi CJ CJ -j fi Pi ta S3 fi S tn 6 <U O fi ft "" 00 h m cp; -j ^ rt ' S ■fi -* T* -t-> m QJ U O r a a> cu fi 0 fi fi 4 5 s CO u s s O 3 fi ^ bO -4 fo g«« 8 g o OJ <u o c Ph g tf tf 5 oj cu if- I « g c e? 2 S 5 2' 2 i, ■; c 3 .3 « b .£ .5 t S ai fi £ i « | ^s n u u Q 0 "53 cd u t< O CO oj > fc Ph Ph M rH > Ph Ph fc w K FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 35 tM •tf C5 CI fc l-H 03 P R P W o 03 < m <: 173 H ■5 CO I 03 H 05 a s o 03 fc H P u 03 H 05 s i, ■ * -J co fi-fi o © cu cd ** 1-9 | | # o © o «'■*-» OJ* *H «3 03 1 « C5 i -tf 03 •*— i °J © o o o -tf rH eo © OJ IO OS 00 "■3 IO CO © 00 t> © U.J3 OJ* rH 1 to 13 fi i . 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QJ CJ .5 to S i fi ■B ! ii U fi ! bo ■ s ta CU S cu a gtf o 8 Ph •— o fi h cj B s cj 2 O o fi cj fi fi cd "E .5 £ fi £ » IT 'S ■** o cd cu a • p H Ph p 4 U 7- F£ FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 37 Saw and Shingle Mills of the Province, 1942. ■ Operating. Shut Down. Forest District. Sawmills. Shingle-mills. Sawmills. Shingle-mills. No. Estimated Daily Capacity, M.B.M. No. Estimated Daily Capacity, Shingles, M. No. Estimated Daily Capacity, M.B.M. No. Estimated Daily Capacity, Shingles, M. Vancouver Prince Rupert 178 67 72 120 114 8,992 700 915 1,236 1,354 59 2 6 3 8,719 10 80 65 27 15 38 40 29 404 157 210 203 232 7 1 3 85 5 Nelson 45 Totals, 1942 551 13,197 70 8,874 149 1,206 11 135 Totals, 1941... 557 13,820 76 8,835 129 1,083 5 63 Totals, 1940 642 12,691 77 8,585 141 1,432 18 307 Totals, 1939 461 11,698 84 7,926 147 1,907 24 637 Totals, 1938 481 12,159 88 8,184 126 1,406 19 315 Totals, 1937 434 11,042 80 9,124 131 1,685 16 402 Totals, 1936—- 410 . 11,401 86 8,859 122 1,699 10 316 Totals, 1935 384 9,822 93 8,492 96 1,962 16 1,231 Totals, 1934 349 9,152 82 7,311 129 2,999 13 1,228 Totals, 1933... 295 8,715 78 7,325 134 3,632 22 1,652 Ten-year average, 1933-42.. 446 11,370 81 8,347 130 1,901 15 618 FF 38 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Export of Logs (in F.B.M .),1942. Species. Grade No. 1. Grade No. 2. Grade No. 3. Ungraded. Totals. 8,049 2,550,449 582,986 16,891,984 261,841 1,502,347 23,359,590 1,979,444 37,000 2,093,382 42,802,023 2,241,285 37,000 88,758,672 18,034,878 88,758,672 1,223,289 786 18,034,878 80,669 718,966 21,000 2,022,924 21,786 Totals, 1942 2,639,167 18,960,886 27,618,347 106,793,550 156,011,950* Totals, 1941 8,549,320 63,485,278 43,165,973 191,879,335 307,079,906 Totals, 1940 4,697,188 37,567,582 24,865,886 150,396,702 217,527,358 Totals, 1939 6,383,398 111,155,799 66,870,882 128,323,383 312,733,462 Totals, 1938 4,386,370 98,637,490 74,650,663 81,998,669 259,673,082 Totals, 1937 4,924,298 114,991,217 66,611,218 83,947,361 270,474,094 Totals, 1936 4,028,567 107,007,342 49,061,362 58,731,664 218,828,835 Totals, 1935 8,766,098 129,029,692 66,979,194 40,516,782 235,291,766 Totals, 1934 10,489,155 89,831,736 43,416,151 28,998,709 172,735,751 Totals, 1933 16,941,207 119,089,573 59,215,094 13,694,960 208,940,834 7,180,477 88,975,659 51,245,476 88,528,092 235,929,704 * Of this total, 144,290,745 F.B.M. were exported from Crown grants carrying the export privilege; 11,721,205 F.B.M. were exported under permit from other areas. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 39 Shipments of Poles, Piling, Mine-props, Fence-posts, Railway-ties, etc., 1942. Forest District. Quantity exported. Approximate Value, F.O.B. Where marketed. United States. Canada. Other Countries. Vancouver— Poles - - . ■ lin. ft. 3,799,098 555,595 210 15 200 54,000 1,661,856 $455,892 88,895 2,520 113 10 6,480 182,195 1,560 15,155 2,614 720 156 30 3,688,759 142,034 210 15 200 54,000 899,727 110,339 408,202 Piles: - __lin. ft. 5,359 cords ,.„posts Prince Rupert— lin. ft. 762,129 6,240 86,101 415 1,731 1,950 5 6,240 189,536 415 1,731 1,950 5 5,084,795 113,211 1,108 40,347 502 374,136 2,953,154 178,722 6,375 9,724 Fort George— Poles lin. ft. 103,435 _ cords ... lin. ft. Kamloops— lin. ft. 603,810 49,509 9,393 2,737 5,012 44,896 295,315 10,723 51,000 77,792 3,504,580 1,580,215 113,211 1,108 40,347 502 lin. ft. 374,136 2,720,324 23,517 Nelson-— Poles - ...' lin. ft. 232,830 155,205 6,375 7,721 459 47,555 53,000 Piles * ... lin. ft. cords 2,003 479 47,555 921,000 2,156 23,778 110,520 20 859,000 ties ... trees Total value, 1942 $2,042,981 Total value, 1941 _ - $1,877,683 Summary for Province, 1942. Product. Volume. Value. Per Cent, of Total Value. Poles and piling , lin. ft. 14,422,756 162,497 484 210 6,440 11,247 42,297 6,877 " 15 1,349,136 $1,651,985 74,007 2,186 2,520 1,570 89,799 2,893 56,012 . 113 161,896 80.86 3.62 0.11 0.12 0.08 4.40 ______ __lin.ft. 0.14 2.74 0.01 7.92 Totals _..___ $2,042,981 100.00 FF 40 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. TIMBER-MARKING. Timber-marks issued. 1938. 1939. 1940. 1941. 1942. 258 103 124 272 59 9 6 1,501 3 6 1 198 91 103 259 61 3 16 6 1,479 1 2 2 272 101 99 275 68 1 16 13 1,724 4 3 2 20 211 85 101 282 64 1 16 6 1.853 11 6 2 17 160 Crown grants, 1887-1906... 85 Crown grants, 1906-1914 92 250 2 Indian reserves _ 4 1,709 19 6 2 1 Totals 2,342 321 2,221 316 2,588 315 2,654 307 2,418 224 Draughting Office, Forest Branch, 1942. Number of Drawings prepared or Tracings made for Month. Timber- sales. Timber- marks. Examination Sketches. Miscellaneous Matters. Constructional Work. Totals. from Reference Maps. January.—. February , 27 13 39 29 34 31 28 27 16 13 33 39 58 90 96 91 78 87 71 60 36 51 62 88 28 26 37 25 38 24 33 30 30 32 30 26 7 2 7 9 8 9 8 5 14 9 6 27 11 8 5 3 7 6 11 1 13 5 2 1 131 139 184 157 165 157 151 123 109 110 133 181 26 8 8 April 4 9 15 July ... ■' 6 1 1 October... - November December.— — - 8 1 Totals. _ 329 868 359 111 73 1,740 87 Forest District. Vancouver Forest Insect Survey, 1942. Insect-box Collections made. _-_ 178 Prince Rupert 44 Fort George 30 Kamloops __ 137 Nelson 168 Negative Reports. 18 4 2 9 37 Totals ... 557 70 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 41 Crown-granted Timber Lands. Area of Private Timber Lands (Acres). ... 845,111 .__ 887,980 Year. 1921 1922 1923 _ 883,344 1924 654,668 1925 654,016 1926 688,372 1927 -: 690,438 1928 671,131 1929 644,011 1930 629,156 1931 602,086 1932 552,007 1933 567,731 1934 557,481 1935 : 535,918 1936 515,924 1937 743,109 1938 1 754,348 1939 719,112 1940 549,250 1941 ... 543,632 1942 527,995 Average Value per Acre. $10.33 11.99 11.62 15.22 40.61 39.77 39.01 38.62 38.41 44.74 43.77 43.73 41.18 37.25 37.13 36.61 23.32 23.05 22.73 27.70 26.99 26.34 The extent and value of timber land in the various assessment districts are shown in the following table:— Assessment District. Acreage, 1942. Increase or Decrease in Acreage over 1941. Average Value per Acre, 1942. Change in Value per Acre since 1941. 68,806 104,454 91,092 13,609 328 315 116,512 2,637 160 1,748 21,164 3.3,361 41,024 1,074 31,711 — 74 — 3,163 — 6,044 — 1,711 * * + 3,997 * * * — 159 * * * — 423 $40.68 23.30 34.45 6.45 15.00 10.37 30.44 5.83 4.15 13.62 17.18 14.12 2.57 7.05 28.61 —$1.31 — 2.43 + -53 + .36 * Comox : Cowichan — + .92 * * Nelson ' * + -07 * Slocan — 1.30 Totals , 527,995 — 15,637 $26.34 * No change. PP 42 DEPARTMENT OP LANDS. 0> CM >Tf ^co h =o uj © 4>rH >> - EHd <— © •*r <r~> r^ on * r— CS to •■tf CO t- © no LO © CM IO o I-H © © rH rH CO o co © lO 00 eo o CD IO H (TO o CO Q CO cn CM IH O o rH Oi 00 IO 1— o t- co o OJ ■tf h* OJ CO r- -tf to m O (M eo 00 to CC LO OJ O CO co CO OJ b- CM CO 00 CO CO CO t- <—. rH © OS Tf Tf ea rH V i-i pffl tn __7 -_| co r- .-j!; OJ ID Tf (X) CM b- 00 eo- CO CO- OJ CM co* CO- > « Eh H P. 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O 00 r- Tf ■+_■ rH CM Tf LO CO tH CM OT os t-^ tt Tf t> en >o CO O C- OJ CO CO CO CS Tf © 00 Tf LO © eo © eo *e3 tr- LO CM LO © © LO OT LO tr Tf LO co o CM CO © © CD LO on Tf Tf 00 ee OJ C£? CM O t- 00 O © rH t- © o Tf o t- CO © Tf Tf rH rH rH rH © eo CM r- M rH LO OT 00 LO oc 6_ fc- eo- eo- eo- &_ tfiy eo- W eo- CO CO- tfiy 4-S Cd Tf 1 CC c CT a 1-1 i 0? u cd q ti QJ -4-1 o, *- c CT a t- cc Tt c r> V tt o Tt Tf Tf ec ec co ec c e^ ev Cfl er © CT CT CT CT CT CT © CT U oi CJ <y r- r- rH y— rH r- iH r- fo % ft U W 0 - en m o tO CO Cfl Ci l a V P tl BB > P5 o c C. 0. _p +, i 43 4* * cfl ct ci c HH +j -|_S +. yO^r-H© tH £H f o o c o o o c OJ H H h Eh Eh Eh E- H fi .5 t S3 n c a n oi > P- Pt X 1? FF 44 DEPARTMENT OP LANDS. FOREST REVENUE, FISCAL YEAR 1941-42. Timber-licence rentals Timber-licence transfer fees Timber-licence penalty fees Hand-loggers' licence fees Timber-lease rentals Timber-lease penalty fees and interest.. Timber-sale rentals Timber-sale stumpage Timber-sale cruising Timber-sale advertising Timber royalty Timber tax Scaling fees (not Scaling Fund) Scaling expenses (not Scaling Fund)—. Trespass penalties Scalers' examination fees Exchange Seizure expenses General miscellaneous Timber-berth rentals, bonus and fees Interest on timber-berth rentals Transfer fees on timber berths Grazing fees and interest $437,369.96 1,590.00 20,193.57 250.00 48,731.95 74.96 31,495.63 889,400.07 13,522.57 2,382.00 2,453,335.23 81,623.49 293.93 351.09 17,548.79 600.00 217.94 465.64 4,666.54 22,546.76 171.63 91.77 30,514.34 Ten-year Average. $486,146.00 1,260.00 29,077.00 945.00 60,227.00 760.00 23,203.00 492,032.00 8,248.00 1,252.00 1,645,948.00 63,323.00 366.00 179.00 10,233.00 286.00 204.00 715.00 3,240.00 27,020.00 288.00 74.00 19,860.00 Total __ $4,057,437.86 $2,874,886.00 Taxation from Crown-grant timber lands 211,410.13 244,935.00 Total revenue from forest resources $4,268,847.97 $3,119,821.00 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 45 T I-H •tf CJ H Pi < W rH ►J <d o 02 HH Q H O Pi < W o 02 _H P O © Ol OT Tt- 00 CM OT © CD CM tr- tr- eo co o eo Tf LO •-J CO IO CD 00 t- _*3 © © O LO CM CO CO O IO CO CJ ©* CO CM —1 CO to CO © o LO Tf CO OJ OJ OJ LO CM co" M> tfiy . tH MM OT OJ rH IO OT to »t< rH Tf IO 00 LO O0 LO CO tr- © LO t- ■3.5 H-> CO w c ,; , h _ H Tf no eo dverti dTra Fee: $19,0 15,6 7,1 12,7 10,5 rH ■1 LO © e©- <§ • co Tf cm o © CO mpage 6,583.1 1,368.2 6,961.1 8,583.8 6,201.0 Tf c- © to © P CM CM rH CM CO t- 00 W «r » CD Tf o caling Fees. 3,339.1 8,841.5 t- o CO 6 cm" a m CO rH tfiy tfiy g CO rH H . to oo _ra CO 3 M QJ • a_ cm © oo -S c oo o 00 © •a "| w.w- Bg © rH tr^ to H co CO H » > tfiy 3 bo - to Tf © fl o_ ! OJ © OJ Icali Fee 271. 148. o © w 1 CM H ra w tfiy El) 3 . n OS M QJ rH O © CO © to Scalin Expens $102.7 356.5 136.7 | 77.9 82.1 o S to > o LO tr O ee- QJ CJ rH 00 © O 00 eizur pens 283.3 CM LO O Tjl OT Tf rH rH CO CO OJ Tf OK M- • tfiy Ph tO CO 00 Tf o 00 >. CO CO © rH CO t- IO CO CO Tf CO o *c_ Tf rH Ol LO LO tr- fl © t- CO rH CO © d) IO rH CJ CO of Ph tfiy CM tfiy rH OO CD © t. O- CM rH 00 OO O . O t- rH CO Tf © CO rH y-H OO t- © 00 O CO O rH © Eh tO CO © rH CM ta cm OT tfiy tfiy CO © Tf © tr- 00 tr- CO LO y-H IO CO i? O © CO CO LO CO oj co io o © c- o H t- O CO © Tf 00 CO CO lO Tf o © O © © O t-_ CM rH rH CO ifiy 69-- +j o fa 4j co Q u a CJ QJ £< DC fl fa 0 HP r- <L o Eh _« 8 £ 1. - g 8 »5 § s -. * s -a c_ t_ o ca cu > P ft ( U z FP 46 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. FOREST EXPENDITURE, FISCAL YEAR 1941-42. Forest District. Salaries. War Service, Temporary Assistance. Temporary Assistance. Expense. Total. $65,277.94 18,210.89 19,248.76 40,179.25 32,186.19 82,241.12 $37,174.22 18,074.28 6,778.72 14,407.07 12,736.37 24,762.88 $104,452.16 $1,654.37 $1,263.55 1,499.89 39,103.09 27,527.37 2,881.89 1,651.66 3,132.00 57,468.21 Nelson 46.45 46.620.67 110,136.00 Totals $257,344.15 $9,219.92 $2,809.89 $115,933.54 $385,307.50 4,000.00 8,624.22 11,487.11 150,768.65 12,450.32 11,845.74 500,000.00 103,158.43 Grand total $1,187,631.97 SCALING FUND. Balance, April 1st, 1941 (credit) Collections, fiscal year 1941-42 Expenditures, fiscal year 1941-42... Balance, March 31st, 1942 (credit) Balance, April 1st, 1942 (credit) Collections, 9 months, April-December, 1942 Expenditures, 9 months, April-December, 1942_ Balance, December 31st, 1942 (credit) $8,743.72 187,951.28 $196,695.00 178,719.10 $17,975.90 $17,975.90 125,373.64 $143,349.54 108,627.63 $34,721.91 FOREST RESERVE ACCOUNT. Balance brought forward, April 1st, 1941 Amount received from Treasury, April 1st, 1941 (under subsec. (2), sec. 32, " Forest Act ") Expenditures, fiscal year 1941-42. Balance, March 31st, 1942 (credit) Amount received from Treasury, April 1st, 1942 (under subsec. (2), sec. 32, "Forest Act") Moneys received under subsec. (4), sec. 32, " Forest Act " Expenditures, 9 months, to December 31st, 1942 __ $51,409.01 87,812.70 $139,221.71 32,035.13 $107,186.58 103,158.43 $210,345.01 18,088.74 Balance, December 31st, 1942 (credit) $192,256.27 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 47 GRAZING RANGE IMPROVEMENT FUND. Balance, April 1st, 1941 $6,709.01 Government contribution (sec. 11, " Grazing Act ") $11,845.74 Other receipts 73.60 11,919.34 $18,628.35 Expenditures, April 1st, 1941-March 31st, 1942__._.. 9,205.29 Balance, March 31st, 1942 (credit) $9,423.06 Government contribution (sec. 11, " Grazing Act ") $10,171.51 Other receipts, April 1st, 1942-December 31st, 1942 26.70 ■ 10,198.21 $19,621.27 Expenditures, April 1st, 1942-December 31st, 1942 3,219.37 Balance, December 31st, 1942 (credit) $16,401.90 STANDING OF FOREST PROTECTION FUND, DECEMBER 31ST, 1942. Balance (deficit), April 1st, 1941 $606,243.90 Expenditure, April 1st, 1941-March 31st, 1942 687,369.36 $1,293,613.26 Collections, tax $240,368.79 Collections, miscellaneous 10,310.12 Refunds of expenditure 12,207.81 Government contribution 500,000.00 762,886.72 Balance (deficit), March 31st, 1942 $530,726.54 Balance (deficit), April 1st, 1942 $530,726.54 Expenditure, 9 months, April-December, 1942 370,923.28 Repayable to votes (estimate) 195,000.00 $1,096,649.82 Collections, tax $193,359.09 Collections, miscellaneous 27,356.58 Government contribution .' 375,000.00 595,715.67 Estimated deficit, December 31st, 1942 $500,934.15 Note.—During the period May-December, 1942, the Forest Protection Fund served as a drawing account for payment of cost of operating Alternative Service Workers camps. Disbursements made for this purpose were repaid by the Federal Department of Mines and Resources under agreement negotiated between the Province and the Dominion Government, dated April 29th, 1942. FF 48 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Estimated and Known Costs of Forest Protection to other Agencies, 1942. Expenditures. Forest District. Tools and Equipment. Improvements. Patrol. Fire- fighting. Total. Vancouver — $65,271.00 3,456.00 $3,262.00 2,248.00 $56,811.00 4,322.00 $152,904.00 10,398.00 262.00 2,101.00 1,296.00 $278,248.00 20,424.00 262.00 Kamloops - 2,101.00 10,150.00 1,850.00 13,296.00 Totals- .__ $78,877.00 $5,510.00 $62,983.00 $166,961.00 $314,331.00 Totals, 1941-.. $60,195.00 $2,191.00 $67,998.00 $36,833.00 $167,217.00 Forest Protection Expenditure fob Twelve Months ended March 31st, 1942. Districts. Patrols and Fire Prevention. Tools and Equipment. Fires. Improvements. Total. $140,175.26 31,355.07 35,133.23 82,267.83 95,880.16 51,253.96 $15,995.41 4,174.22 9,739.22 12,114.47 21,138.18 21,209.63* $64,950.36 3,802.90 16,181.43 10,910.04 43,310.92 $17,147.19 1,390.15 1,617.07 2,931.37 4,691.29 $238,268.22 40,722.34 62,670.95 Kamloops. - 108,223.71 165,020.55 72,463.59 Totals $436,065.51 $84,371.13 $139,155.65 $27,777.07 $687,369.36 * Includes $14,500 purchase and equipping six heavy trucks. FOREST PROTECTION. Weather. Generally speaking, the season throughout the Province was extremely favourable. In the Nelson and Kamloops Districts, which ordinarily represent the most consistent summer fire-hazard, the usual condition was conspicuously absent. In midsummer in these districts heavy and periodic rains kept both vegetation and ground in moist condition, and, while the frequency and intensity of lightning-storms did not show any noticeable abatement, the prevailing wet weather which followed each storm rendered them abortive and very little trouble was experienced. It was not until around the middle of September that conditions in these two districts approached anything resembling a hazard, and at that time a warm and dry period set in, lasting until the latter part of October. It is worthy of note that in these districts roughly 17 per cent, of fire occurrence took place over this late and post-season period, but owing to the very lateness of the season with accompanying cold nights and heavy dews, little damage ensued. In the Prince Rupert District, although snowfall and precipitation were considerably under average in both the coast and interior sections of the area, giving every indication of a dry season to follow, certain factors subsequently worked to advantage, resulting also in a favourable season throughout that district. In the interior section of the district moist conditions with moderately warm weather developed during April, May, and June, permitting early growth of native grass and, at the same time, the entire absence of cold north-west winds, which usually blow continuously at that time of the year in this area, allowed such growth to develop abundantly, thus eliminating much of the flash-hazard in the area. As a result, although periods of higher than ordinary temperatures occurred in July and August with numerous storms and a marked increase in lightning, prior conditions were such that with slight rainfall following most storms, fires were easily held in check. In the coastal section rainfall continued scant during the forepart of the season and south-easterly winds, normally FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 49 counted upon to produce fairly sustained precipitation at this period, were infrequent. Temperatures in the area during July and August were above normal and westerly winds completed the drying effect until considerable hazard had developed. This hazard was somewhat lessened by abnormally heavy dew occurrence and calm mornings. Violent thunder-storms passed over parts of this region but, fortunately, were few in number, as no definite break occurred throughout the balance of the season. Conditions on the Queen Charlotte Islands were practically similar to the Coastal Mainland with violent north-westerly winds at frequent periods during July, August, and September, making fire-control difficult on several outbreaks which occurred on the islands during those months. The season in the Prince George Forest District commenced favourably without the usual spring flash-hazard. However, by the end of June a very severe condition had developed and this period of high hazard carried through to the end of the first week in July. During this week of high hazard, on five successive days a series of dry lightning-storms passed over the district, resulting in the setting of numerous.fires and creating the most serious fire situation which that area has experienced since organization of the Service. Fortunately, local thunder-showers which closed this period of heavy hazard gradually developed into more general rains and assisted in the work of fire-control. Following this initial hazard a two weeks' break permitted some reorganization of scattered fire-fighting resources prior to the second period of high hazard, which began developing towards the end of July and was at its height by the middle of the first week in August. At this time heavy, dry lightning-storms again occurred over an even wider path across the area, setting many fires in the most inaccessible portions of the district. From this date on conditions remained continually hazardous until just after the middle of August, and then moderated to some extent, but did not finally break until the end of the first week in September. For the balance of the season the weather remained such that hazard was negligible. In the Vancouver Forest District the character of the season experienced was the direct reverse from the average, inasmuch as hazard remained comparatively low as late as mid-July, when the first definite signs of drying out were indicated. As the season progressed through August and September, hazard conditions became increasingly serious, fuel-moisture curves remaining consistently low. The southern portion of Vancouver Island was especially hazardous with no precipitation recorded from July 17th to September 30th; other parts of the district had a light rain on August 25th but virtually nothing in the way of precipitation before or afterwards during this same period. High temperatures were not uncommon during the summer, notably at the end of June, the first several days in July, and the opening three weeks in August, with September remaining consistently warm throughout. Equinoctial gales arrived early on September 15th and this, with the cumulative hazard already existing, was the chief factor in the difficulties experienced in slash-burning control. The season finally broke in early October. Fires. Causes.—Lightning again was the cause of more fires than any other agency, approximately 50 per cent, of the season's outbreaks being attributable to this source. This is a slightly lower percentage than during the season of 1941, but the decrease is due entirely to the more favourable weather conditions obtaining immediately prior to and following storm occurrence, for, as mentioned previously, the frequency and intensity of lightning-storms showed no noticeable abatement. It would appear that a cycle of weather, involving extraordinary electrical disturbances, is being experienced, as until the year 1940 it was a rare occasion when fires in excess of 30 per cent, of total occurrence were attributable to lightning. Fires caused by smokers and campers were next in number of occurrence, these two agencies representing together approximately 27 per cent, of all fires. Railway-caused fires roughly doubled in percentage over season 1941 and represented approximately 8 per cent, of total occurrence. It is worthy of note that incendiarism caused less than one-half of 1 per cent, of all fires. 4 FF 50 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Cost of Fire-fighting.—Total cost of fire-fighting to the Forest Branch during the season of 1942 was $69,701, or approximately only 44 per cent, of the average annual cost over the previous ten-year period. It is estimated that other private agencies throughout the Province spent $166,961 in fire-fighting during the season and, in addition, made a further expenditure of $147,370 in tools and equipment, protection improvements, and patrol. The decreased cost to the Forest Branch in comparison with prior years may be largely attributed to three main causes: (1) The very favourable weather conditions obtaining throughout Interior districts of the Province, where in past years a heavy proportion of our expenditure has been incurred; (2) the saving in fire-fighting wages, particularly in the Prince George and Kamloops Districts, where army personnel were made available as fire-fighters, with the Forest Branch responsible only for cost of transportation and a proportion of food supplies; and (3) the fact that Alternative Service Workers fought a considerable number of fires in the Vancouver Forest District without cost to the Forest Protection Fund—a saving of $20,000 was estimated due to this factor alone. The bulk of expenditure by other agencies (approximately 88 per cent, of the total figure shown under this head) took place in the Vancouver Forest District. Here the heavy increase in number of logging operations due to war demands for lumber reflected in the figures of equipment purchased and patrol cost. Several large operational fires which occurred in mid-season and persisted until the weather broke likewise swelled the total figure of expenditure by private agencies. Damage.—Total estimated damage for the year was $1,336,496. Of this figure approximately 61 per cent, occurred in the Prince George District, 21 per cent, in the Prince Rupert District, and 17 per cent, in the Vancouver District, with damage in Kamloops and Nelson Districts being negligible. Damage in the Prince George District occurred to a large extent in the unorganized portion of the district tributary to the new Alcan Highway, where access for control measures was possible only by air transport. The extreme difficulty of obtaining aircraft at the time reflected appreciably in the total damage figure. In the Prince Rupert area one fire was responsible for 70 per cent, of the total area burned over and 84 per cent, of the estimated damage in the entire district. From the standpoint of forest-cover, loss was comparatively small, as 82 per cent, of this damage occurred to abandoned buildings, railway, mining, and smelter equipment at the town of Anyox, where junking operations were in progress at the time. In the Vancouver Forest District the greatest proportion of damage occurred under the headings railway, logging, and sawmill equipment, and cut forest products. Forest Protection Education. An increased effort was made along many lines throughout the year in an endeavour to bring the Forest Protection message before the general public and gain their full'co-operation, which has become so vital in these times of dwindling Forest Service personnel and consequent disrupted Forest Protection organization. The chief endeavours were concentrated along lines as indicated below:— (a.) Forest Branch calendars were again prepared and a special effort made to have distribution carried out before the close of the old year, with a hope that our calendars would be given the most conspicuous wall-space prior to receipt of the numerous private calendars annually given out. The topic treated in our 1942 calendar was " Reforestation " with photographic illustrations and write-ups depicting progressive steps from nursery to actual planting. (b.) A reprint of 20,000 copies of our school children's booklet, " Forest Folk," was made early in the year and distribution carried out in schools throughout the Province. This booklet was prepared essentially for the primary grades, and once again was very well received. (_.) Spot radio announcements stressing Forest Protection messages were again broadcast over all local networks periodically throughout the season. Following initial organization of this form of protection message by Victoria Office last season, during FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 51 1942 the actual placing and directing of time of announcement was turned over to District Foresters who placed the messages with their local broadcasting stations as and when they considered local hazard conditions made such announcements timely and of paramount value. Endeavour was made to have this form of Forest Protection message put over the air just before or just following newscasts and in this manner, with current public interest in the news, the greatest number of people is reached with these messages at a minimum of cost, for many of the broadcasting stations co-operate to the extent of free time or, at least, reduced rates. (d.) Co-operation with the military was again carried out by conducting Forest Protection lectures in troop camps and forts on Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland. On the island alone, during the month of June, lectures were given to approximately 6,000 men on the subject of Forest Protection as it relates to troops on the move and in camp throughout hazardous areas. The army's function in assisting the Forest Service by eliminating all fires of their own, extinguishing all small fires which they might discover, and promptly reporting fires which they could not extinguish, was stressed in these lectures. Lectures were introduced with a showing of the film, " The Great Fire," and after the actual lecture a further film, " Fire-fighting with Hand- tools," was shown to demonstrate tool usage. The latter film was specially prepared for this specific purpose.. One extraordinary feature of the lectures given in the Nanaimo area was that some 600 troops who understood only the French language were stationed in this area. In this case an officer of the regiment attended three of the lectures in English, took notes, and subsequently delivered an excellent lecture to his men in French. (e.) Young Ranger Band activities were again supported in the Northern Interior districts. While this movement is still enthusiastically supported in certain sections of the North, it would appear that membership has dwindled to some extent, probably due to the fact that under current conditions it is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain grown-ups in the various localities willing to sponsor a local Band. Further, the fact that the organization only embraces children of an age up to 16 years and does not embody in its set-up " Elder Groups " formed from " graduate " members of the Bands would seem to tend towards a general loss to the movement and the purpose for which it was originally formed. If such " Elder Groups " were formed, even with only periodic meetings held, it seems possible that many of the young people, upon reaching 16 years of age and leaving the Band, would retain much of their interest through the " Elders' " meetings and these groups in time would form a ready source for the much-needed sponsors for new Bands. (/.) " Fire Weather Bulletins " were again circulated to all operators in the logging industry in the Vancouver Forest District during periods of critical fire-weather conditions. Of necessity, under war regulations weather forecasts were omitted from the " Bulletins " during the season, but instructive data on hazard build-up, types of recording instruments, etc., were embodied with a view to inculcating interest to the point where the operator would institute his own fire-weather recording station. (g.) Forest Protection display advertising was inserted as in former years in the majority of daily and weekly papers throughout the Province. A complete set of new poster displays for the most part based upon a war effort motive featured the advertising this year. (k.) Lectures, accompanied by moving-picture showings were again given to schools, parent-teacher associations, service clubs, and various representative bodies throughout the Province. In addition, films were loaned for private showings in such groups. A feature of this class of work during the year was instruction lectures to rural A.R.P. organizations, chiefly on Vancouver Island. These lectures dealt with the function of rural A.R.P. in forest-protection in the event of incendiary air-raid emergency and, in addition to dealing with emergency fire-fighting methods, also embodied the showing of a specially prepared film demonstrating the use of hand-tools. FF 52 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Fire-control Planning. Lookouts and Visibility Mapping.—No further work was carried out on this project, due to enlistment of field staff previously engaged in the work and lack of qualified replacements. Panoramic Lookout Photographs.—This project was continued and panoramic photography completed on ten more established lookouts in the Nelson District, one in the Kamloops District, and one in the Vancouver District. It is hoped to carry on with this work again next season, finishing up the Nelson District and covering several recently established lookouts in various other Forest Districts, including Prince George. Only those lookouts of definitely proven value, already approved by visibility mapping crews, are being covered. _, _, Suppression Crews. Suppression crews were again organized in the Nelson and Kamloops Districts, a crew not being placed in Vancouver District during the season in view of establishment of Alternative Service Workers' stand-by crews in that district. The outstanding difference in organization this year was that, on the basis of last year's experience, in the Nelson District the number of men per crew was reduced to approximately half of that used last year and number of crews doubled. This tended to make the crew more mobile, it was possible to utilize lighter equipment for transportation, servicing in respect to food supplies was made easier, and, while the supervisory overhead was slightly higher, it was quite evident that the smaller crew generally worked to advantage. These stand-by units are essentially initial action men and the speed of action is of paramount importance in fire-suppression work. During non-hazardous periods of the season, assisted by bulldozer and truck equipment, much valuable forest-protection improvement-work was carried out by the crews. While in the two districts involved the past season was below normal in fire occurrence, a number of fires were effectively handled by the crews, and with two years' experience now gained we are quite satisfied as to value obtained for expenses under this head. __ Equipment. In spite of the current war-time difficulty of supply and existing priority regulations entailing slow deliveries, during 1942 it was possible to augment our Forest Protection launch, automotive, and mechanical equipment with some much needed additional units. Three D2 caterpillars, complete with bulldozer and winch, were acquired for distribution and fire-fighting use in the larger districts, this purchase bringing our total of this type of equipment to eleven tractors throughout the Province. Five heavy-duty 3-ton trucks, equipped with dump bodies, hoist, and loading boards, were also purchased as supplementary units to the three new cats and to take care of transportation of two old bulldozers not previously so equipped. All bulldozing equipment, with the exception of one Cletrac 35, is now provided with its own individual transportation unit suited to the needs of the particular caterpillar. During the year five launches were also added to the Department's fleet. These were the " Syrene I.," acquired as a headquarters launch for the Vancouver District, replacing the launch " P. Z. Caverhill," lost in collision; the " White Cloud I." for Prince Rupert headquarters district and ranger use; the "White Pine II.," a ranger boat for use of the Sicamous Ranger on Shuswap Lake, replacing the " White Pine I." which had outlived its usefulness; the "Juniper II." for ranger use on Adams Lake; and the " Laurel" for Vancouver District North Arm Ranger and patrol use. In view of the marked success of tanker-trucks supplied Interior districts last year, two more of these units were constructed and put into operation in 1942. We now have a total of seven of these trucks in operation and they have proved of outstanding value in early suppression of roadside and range fires which are readily accessible to this form of fire-fighting unit. The two trail tractors acquired several years ago from the U.S. Forest Service and which were, in effect, experimental models, developed various mechanical difficulties to the extent that they were withdrawn from use a year ago pending redesigning. During 1942 our Mechanical Superintendent redesigned these units and a conversion to a standard caterpillar tractor with some improvisation was carried out. The result has so far proved very satisfactory and we feel that both these small cats are now valuable and reliable units in our mechanical equipment stock. While on the subject of automotive equipment, mention should be made of the very heavy increase in both maintenance-work in the field and more especially in office duties occasioned largely as a result of the existing tire and gas shortage. With a fleet of cars and trucks such as that now operated by the Department, the required completion of numerous forms and circulars under ever-changing regulations alone has meant endless office-work for the Mechanical Superintendent, whose field-work has perforce suffered accordingly. Also, as a result of this general situation and as a co-operative measure with the office of the Tire Controller, approximately 80 per cent, of all departmental cars classed for use on administrative work were laid up. This necessarily has meant a reduction in public services previously rendered, and, while with the opening of next fire season it may be necessary to put some of these units again temporarily in service, it is expected that the majority of these cars will be laid up for the duration, or, if used, will be in the nature of replacements for cars worn out in service. Incidentally, this has occasioned a swing towards transportation by common carrier with resultant increase in travelling expenses. j No new pumping equipment was acquired during the season, due chiefly to the difficulty of supply. However, the fourteen units of the MacDonald Pack Power Pump, designed by J. G. MacDonald, Fire Inspector, Vancouver, and put in hand for construction last year, were delivered and distributed to various districts. While the season was such that many of these units did not receive thorough test, general reports to hand are that the performance of these units proved very satisfactory and the pump is considered a valuable piece of equipment for the purpose for which it was designed. Radio equipment was supplemented in the spring of 1942 with an additional fifteen SPF units and four PAC headquarters sets. In addition, 50-watt transmitters, constructed by our own technician, were established at headquarters offices in both the Nelson and Kamloops Districts. These latter two sets, with the additional power involved, have to a large extent solved some of our transmitting difficulties which had become a very real problem during the fire season in those districts. It is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain parts for maintenance of radio equipment, and indications are that, with some few exceptions, new equipment may be out of the question for the duration. Building and Construction. Improvements were continued at the Fraser River Repair Plant and included sheet piling along the river-bank, levelling of the area adjacent to the station, erection of a derrick, construction of a small lumber storage-shed, and dredging of the tie-up basin. The past season also saw construction of the first " laminated" wall type of lookout. This was constructed on Livingstone Mountain and is of entirely new design, originated by R. G. McKee, Assistant District Forester, Kamloops District. The building was entirely prefabricated before being transported to the site and, on this basis, very considerable saving was effected on costs of horse transportation of material up the mountain, which item, as a general rule, forms the heaviest part of expenditure in lookout construction. Reports to hand at this time would indicate that this is a decided improvement in lookout buildings, although final test will come when it is ascertained how the construction has withstood winter conditions on the mountain. If satisfactory in this respect, it is expected to swing to this type of construction in many future lookout buildings, where sites are not readily accessible to ordinary transportation of building materials. The usual maintenance of Ranger stations and other improvements was carried out during the year, but new building construction was held to a minimum in the light of war conditions of supply and the very evident greater need of national defence in respect to building materials. FF 54 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Alternative Service Workers Camps. Early in the year representations were made to Federal authorities pointing out the inadequacy of local sources of fire-fighting man-power in the light of current war-time conditions of employment. The possibility of forest fire emergencies which might arise as a result of enemy attack with incendiary air-borne missiles was also stressed in these representations. As a result an agreement was reached with the Dominion Government whereby a number of Alternative Service Workers (conscientious objectors) were made available to the Department for forest-protection duties on the Mainland Coast and Vancouver Island. Under the terms of the agreement, the Provincial Government Forest Protection Fund served as a drawing account for immediate financing of the plan, the Fund being subsequently reimbursed by payments from the Dominion Government based upon an allowance at a fixed rate per man-day. While in the early stages of the programme initial capital cost incurred in establishing housing and supplying equipment exceeded credits established through the per diem allowance, monthly expenditure decreased steadily once camps were established, and by the end of the calendar year the plan was operating at a cost less than the total of established monthly credits and the Forest Protection Fund had been totally reimbursed. During the period May to December, 740 men reported for duty. This total has since been decreased somewhat through discharges for medical and other reasons, extended leaves, etc., but, all factors considered, the number of men made available has been very satisfactory. Briefly, the organization set up comprised establishment of eighteen camps located strategically throughout the more hazardous portions of Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland. One of these camps, at Green Timbers Nursery, served as a manning pool to which all men ordered for duty reported initially before being assigned to one of the project camps. Throughout the early part of the season, crews in the project camps were fully trained in fire-fighting measures, and in hazardous periods later in the season placed on stand-by as initial action suppression crews. In non-hazardous periods, crews carried out forest-protection improvement-work. At the close of the season, crews were consolidated for the winter months into a reduced number of camps adjacent to the larger forest improvement projects. The plan has worked out very satisfactorily, and, aside from the actual fire-fighting work carried out, much valuable and essential forest-protection improvement work has been accomplished. Snag-falling and fire-proofing of logged-over lands, together with opening up of the larger of these areas for forest-protection access by means of conversion of old grades into truck-trails or rough roads, constituted the main effort on improvement-work carried out. Following is a brief summary of accomplishments since May, when men were first made available:— (1.) Six thousand two hundred and sixty-six man-days spent fire-fighting on 145 fires. (2.) Two hundred and fifty-nine thousand four hundred snags felled over 24,500 acres of logged-off land. (3.) Sixteen miles of new road slashed and graded; 57 miles of old logging railroad grade converted to truck-trails; 44 miles of existing road im- improved; 64 miles of road maintained, requiring 21 miles of ditching, 134 culverts, and 8 small bridges. (4.) Ten miles of new trail cut and 12 miles of old trail improved. (5.) Twenty-eight miles of telephone-line constructed. (6.) Four hundred and twenty-five thousand seedlings planted on 660 acres of logged-over and fire-proofed land. In regard to the above, it will be noted that snag-falling and road-construction form the greater proportion of the project work. In this respect snag-falling and opening up of logged-over lands with truck-trails are most essential improvements in the fire- proofing of such areas. Over much of the area on which snag-falling has been carried out, present plans call for reforestation involving planting of some 7,000,000 seedlings FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 55 in the spring of 1943. It is also pointed out that road-construction undertaken on several of the projects was at the express request of National Defence authorities and constituted rights-of-way considered of primary military importance to Coast defence as well as forest-protection. Slash-disposal and Snag-falling. While, generally speaking, weather throughout the slash-burning season offered ample opportunity for the carrying-out of slash burns, it varied to such an extent that many fires set escaped control, resulting in considerable damage, or, after full preparatory measures by the operator, fires were set and immediately extinguished by unforeseen rains. These conditions had the effect in many cases of either absolutely deterring operators from setting fire through fear of damage or delaying their burn until such a time as conditions appeared absolutely safe, when in most instances results were negligible due to unpredictable following rains. Final results obtained during the season are shown in the following tabulation:— Summary of 1942 Slash-disposal. Area of Slash burned (Acres). Number of Operations conducting Slash-burning. Slash created prior to 1941. Slash created, 1941. Slash created, 1942. Total. 318 - 7,565 53,281 23,884 84,730 A breakdown of figures covering slash created in 1942 indicates that results obtained in regard to disposal of this current logging slash can be termed only partially satisfactory, due chiefly to conditions as outlined in the preceding paragraph. Following are detailed figures:— Acres. Total area logged, Vancouver Forest District, 1942. 63,868 Total area logged, fir belt, Vancouver Forest District, 1942 58,097 1942 slash area, slash burned intentionally 21,962 1942 slash area, slash burned accidentally 1,922 1942 slash area exempted from burning..., 4,588 1942 slash area on which extension to 1943 granted __ 2,610 Totals ■ 31,082 58,097 The indicated difference of 27,015 acres in the above totals comprises acreage logged between the close of 1942 burning season and the year end, plus some acreage of previously created 1942 slash under investigation and on which extension is to be granted or compensation applied as may be indicated following complete report. In analysing this 1942 slash-burning, it is indicated that of the total of 318 slash- fires set during the year, eight were carried out satisfactorily prior to May 1st and thirty-three subsequent to October 1st. The balance of 277 were conducted under permit during the closed season and 219 of these were carried out quite satisfactorily. On the remaining fifty-eight slash-fires set during the closed season, conditions of the permits were not fully complied with and results of the burns were more or less unsatisfactory. It is interesting to note that while these fifty-eight burns where operators did not fully comply with permit conditions comprised roughly 26.5 per cent, of the total slash area burned over during 1942, they accounted for 46 per cent, of the total acreage of young growth and forest-cover destroyed in all slash-burning during the year. At the same time they represent by value 72.7 per cent, of total slash-burn damage to young growth and forest-cover, 51.6 per cent, of total damage to felled and bucked timber, and 68 per cent, of damage to buildings and equipment. FF 56 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. As regards slash created prior to 1942, present figures indicate that, in spite of the very sizeable acreage burned during the past season, there still remains a total of roughly 24,000 acres on which hazard should properly have been reduced under the requirements of section 113A of the Act. This acreage, considered together with the 27,015 acres of unburned 1942 slash, means that there will be carried into fire season 1943 a total of some 51,000 acres of unburned slash, to which must be added the additional acreage of current slash which will be created by logging carried out in the preseason months of 1943. This large acreage of ripe slash constitutes a very considerable risk to be carried in a season when the danger of fire occurrence may be intensified many times through agencies beyond control. The figure, however, compares favourably with the start of 1942 when we entered the season carrying an estimated acreage of slash in excess of double this amount. A recapitulation of all slash-disposal over the past nine years is indicated in the following table:— Slash-disposal, 193U-UZ. . Area of Slash burned over (Acres). Year. Intentional Burn. Accidental Burn. Total. 1934 ... .' 15,935 13,239 7,691 27,516 50,033 51,603 33,034 5,524 80,226 4,927 11,783 1,340 3,015 35,071 1,930 2,265 3,385 4.504 20,862 1935 25,022 1936 . ... 9,031 1937 ... 30,531 1938 85,104 1939 53,533 1940 - 35,299 1941 - - 8,909 1942 .... 84.730 284,801 68,220 363,021 Snag-falling under section 113a of the Act was fairly satisfactory throughout the year, considering the very difficult conditions with which operators were faced in regard to obtaining fallers. There still remain large areas of lands logged prior to enactment of the above section which carry snags, but noteworthy progress was made during the year in disposing of snags on some of these areas under Alternative Service Workers' projects. Forest Closures. The usual closures were again placed in the Kamloops and Nelson Forest Districts on watershed and industrial areas, although in the first-mentioned district some watershed areas in the lower Okanagan, closed in former years at request from municipal authorities, were not affected this year—possibly due to lack of any serious hazard in that area. Industrial area closures were again made at the request of private interests, such as mining companies with heavy investment in buildings and equipment in particular areas. It is worthy of note that in the Sheep Creek industrial area in the Nelson District, a Patrolman at the access road checked 800 cars and 3,400 persons during the twenty-eight days this closure was in force. In the Vancouver Forest District no mid-season closure was put into effect this year. In late September, however, with a serious hazard condition obtaining and a heavy increase in civilian woods travel during the opening weeks of the hunting season, a five-day closure was placed in respect to woods travel, camping, fishing, hunting, and other recreational pursuits. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 57 Following is detail of 1942 closures: Area. District. Effective Date. Date suspended. July 7 July 7 July 13 July 27 July 27 July 27 July 27 July 27 Sept. 25 Aug. 31 Kamloops. Kamloops _„_ ____ Nelson _.__ , _ Nelson _ Bear Creek.— - Sept. 4 Sept. 8 Sept. 8 Nelson __.._ Sept. 8 Sept. 8 Sept. 30 of Vancouver Island north of Toquart Harbour, the east coast of Vancouver Island north of Suquash, and the islands and mainland north of Wells Passage and Kincome Inlet Fire Law Enforcement. Infringements of the fire law during the year were practically negligible, information being laid in only eighteen instances throughout the Province and convictions being obtained in all cases. It is worthy of note that eight of the cases were laid under section 122 of the Act involving refusal to fight fire. This may probably be accounted for by the fact that under current labour conditions, with no scarcity of jobs offering at much higher rates of pay, men were reluctant to accept fire-fighting employment at nominal pay when ordered out in an emergency. Co-operation with the Department of National Defence. Co-operation was again extended in various ways to the Department of National Defence, as follows:— (a.) The Aircraft Detection Corps was assisted by a number of our lookout-men and almost all rangers who served as spotters for the organization. (..) Equipment was loaned to various branches of the Services. This comprised for the most part radio transceiving equipment which was made available to the Army, Navy, and Air Force during that period of the year when such equipment was not required in our forest-protection communication system. (c.) Various truck-trails and roads of primary military value were developed under improvement projects operated by Alternative Service Workers. ((..) Forest-protection training lectures were again given to troops in the Coast area. (See (d) under the heading of " Forest-protection Education " in this report.) In respect to this work it is pointed out that the army more than reciprocated by rendering valuable assistance in the form of fire-fighting man-power throughout the season. In many instances, notably in the Prince George and Kamloops Forest Districts, the supplying of army personnel for fire-fighting purposes was the only factor which prevented serious and costly conflagrations. Officers and men of the R.C.A.F. also rendered valuable assistance throughout the season in detection and reporting of fire occurrence from the air, notably in the Vancouver Forest District. In the matter of co-operation, thanks are also due to the Vancouver Island Power Boat Squadron, a civilian group organized under the Traffic Control Board for purposes of emergency evacuation. This group offered the use of their various squadrons for transportation of fire-fighters in the event of pressing need. While it was not necessary during the season to take advantage of the offer, the squadrons maintained stand-by crews and two boats at each of their bases, throughout the season. FF 58 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Fire Occurrences by Months, 1942. Forest District. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Total. Vancouver - - - 1 12 1 7 4 8 17 2 17 15 6 14 3 4 29 12 76 19 99 223 75 138 24 54 106 169 123 12 62 55 11 6 10 392 61 181 445 335 Totals, 1942 1 | 32 57 | 62 492 491 252 27 1,414 -42 Ten-year average, 1933- | 60 1 167 | 200 1 528 455 175 10 1,595 Number and Causes of Fires in Province, 1942. Forest District. ti c m ti S.S w US , C >> ■- a ilU Li TJ j?1 cn ?.§ s n fa 3 CO at 3 3 So a g » V a 3 OS O fl a O 09 . « "_.i3 « gfeg fl £■£ "IBS c B 01 o £"3 o ■g ft g S2 " - a ft O s 3 O OJ -,E-iU CSXJ _ _3 ^ •ps c o S c fl 1 fe-SS s o PiO CO cqw o M«s (So a" !-> H PhE-iPh 61 76 25 128 14 1 25 3 54 5 392 27.72 17 11 12 12 1 1 2 5 61 4.32 117 20 1 8 8 17 6 4 181 12.80 Kamloops 273 30 51 48 5 1 4 1 25 7 445 31.47 236 21 37 24 3 2 9 3 335 23.69 Totals _ _ _. 704 158 114 220 30 31 38 5 90 24 1,414 100.00 49.79 11.17 8.06 15.56 2.12 2.19 2.69 0.35 6.37 1.70 100.00 Ten-year average, 1933-42 662 257 83 317 98 10 42 57 146 23 1,595 Damage to Property other than Forests, 1942. Forest District. Forest Products in Process of Manufacture. Buildings. Railway and Logging Equipment. Miscellaneous. Total. Per Cent, of Total. $74,925.00 3,665.00 $6,451.00 50,000.00 $87,250.00 114,000.00 $38,674.00 100,000.00 $207,300.00 267,665.00 43.42 Prince Rupert. ... 56.06 75.00 75.00 577.00 1,367.00 652.00 1,842.00 0.14 400.00 0.38 Totals $78,990.00 $56,601.00 $201,250.00 $140,618.00 $477,459.00 100.00 Ten-year average, 1933-42 $87,963.00 $33,875.00 $81,441.00 $25,311.00 $228,590.00 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 59 03 "tf a g o m oi o H tn o O a l-H O i—i Pi O o < PM !* M O w 0_ DQ <: o H OS t- Q OJ m i- O- 09 «££ CO Cg tO CM t— tO tD CC r-I rH rr. •^fl "o H N N M N "* © "< 0. Q Z •aDujAoaj ui sajj^ oa as co co co CD | i Sal 3upti3g ut quads m eg CO ci o o inox jo ^us0 jad: ia rH rH o «* 5 H © © O © O * © © © © © co co ta \a © o © r° SS ■* IO -* ffl PI t- H!E Q CO t-< O CO c- -tf rH C- co 00 eg "000*01$ -»ao iso^ O-l o ■000*01$ w i i rH b- iO oq 000'S$ lsoD OJ o to '000'S$ y-H t- CO rH 00 5 o; ooo'i$ *s°o o eo t> (M O IO ■000'T$ oq 001$ *soo " 00 H O H C- ■"# CO CM -"* CQ > "001$ u^Hl SS9I ?soO C rH t- tO © CD -Q to 2! o •aDutAOJ(j ui sajj^ __ M ■* M •* t- rH tO CSt CO IO IB^ox jo -^uao aa<£ © CM t- CO CO CM o o rH rH •ipuqsiQ ui sa-ii^ CO © O © © I«}ox jo '^uaQ jad CO -^1 CD ^ CO N O 00 t- _. fM i- 00 uaqumjsj IO CO © CO CM i-i rH rH r-i O CO c-5 CO ■aouiAOJj ui sa_iij[ OO OJ CD IO W O) ri ri « CO eo jb^ox jo -;uaQ ^aa to CM IO CO -d- t- 5= §« s ° MO 'IDIJ^SIQ UI S9JIj[ CM © © © © re;oj. jo 'quaQ .taj to to -^ u_ to IN •aaqtun^j; f « t- IO H 00 cr, © 00 ■x^x t- © CO rH 00 03 c- uoii- a^ojijj ^sajo^j 2ui-.b<3 tr- CO Ol rH CO L- 00 © qou SpUB'J UO pa^BUlSlJQ CO ■x i_X uo-qoaqo-ij qsa-io^ IO rH CO -tf fc- _r_ « 00 3ui A"l3tl SpUBT pUB pUB-^ ■"1 OS u___oao !) uboba uo paq.BuiSi.io — CO o Cg rH rH IO IO -sajij ib;ox CO rH -^ CO "<* IO 1-1 i-D 1-1 <N ■^p CO CO h CJ bO Q s +j > 0) £ ti K c 01 o tH a; m o tH C o a> ai 0) 3 f- <a Eh Ph H 1 8" p. ; ° d 5 R s._ ■_ s .3 - c > > P A C ct 55 __ " __ p eg 13 © fl CO QJ a . « 0 rH M 2 .S fi *° s ^ - OJ d --j fl n 8 ° 5 i -d ^c _ ■S +> * I| ■ 3 to 3 co 5 a -3 0) JJ a « 1 .8 « ■a -p +■ ^ to ■** p. ° O Jh nj M HH CR O CD O O <U FF 60 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Number and Causes of Forest Fires for the Last Ten Years. Causes. 1942. 1941. 1940. 1939. 1938. 1937. 1936. 1935. 1934. 1933. Total. Lightning.. - - — 704 158 114 220 30 31 38 5 90 24 871 142 73 184 81 4 33 20 134 19 1,265 236 90 400 74 5 41 38 171 18 515 305 77 374 111 11 32 88 175 16 703 442 72 524 180 4 77 121 238 51 263 269 74 242 107 14 55 20 124 25 524 256 81 321 78 6 29 74 152 26 173 217 65 289 127 11 45 72 97 15 320 312 103 415 117 10 41 65 188 19 285 234 77 197 77 7 32 65 90 18 5,623 2,571 Railways operating Smokers Brush-burning (not railway-clearing) Road and power- and telephone-line con- 826 3,166 982 103 423 568 1,459 Totals 1,414 1,561 2,338 1,704 - 2,412 1,193 1,547 1,111 1,590 1,082 15,952 Fires classified by Size and Damage, 1942. Forest District. Total Fibes. Under Vi Acre. Vi to 10 Acres. „ 0) 4J _ ?! «H O o u 4* c a _ ... o » , © _.„ P,fe - . HT ti_, ** o.2 «*« _ .a S . - '. -_ fc Pnh 216 55.10 34 55.74 47 26.00 267 60.00 258 77.00 'c. m" *« HO HT ■S3 °:5 B fl (U ? «= O to fl O m 3 _.„ rHrH 'A P<fc< e c o.b Ph&h 10 to 500 Acres. H'E HO uh a «4H W V fi c fi fi fi u M u « 3 c,>H 'A PhPh" p-.fe Over 500 Acres. O _ ft QJ ... O m Damage. 4JO _ _| Vancouver Prince Rupert Fort George Kamloops Nelson —- Totals Per cent _ Ten-year average 1933-42 392 61 181 445 335 27.72 4.32 12.80 31.47 23.69 26.28 4:14 5.72 32.48 31.38 1,414 100.00 100.00| 1,595 1100.00 58.13 787 116[29.60[ 30.29 9|14.75J 2.35 80|45.00] 20^89 124j27.90| 32.37 54116.001 14.10 383 1100.001 159 27.091 ...-.].-.- [11.24 12.00 21.31 16.00 10.80 7.00 29.56 8.18 18.24 30.19 13.83 1100.00 5141 -I 272 3.30 8.20 13.00 1.30 26.00 10.00 50.00 12.00 2.00 351 54 152 432 332 25 16 4 14 BO| |100.00[1,321| 59| 34 - |93.42|4.17|2.41 I 1,4601 88 47 Causes, Cost, and Damage, 1942. Causes. No. Per Cent. Cost. Per Cent. Damage. Per Cent. 704 49.79 $58,736.19 3,706.34 633.00 5,296.59 259.79 34.60 473.08 160.67 287.44 113.50 84.27 5.32 .91 7.60 .37 .05 .68 .23 .41 .16 $1,075,070.57 32,039.46 1,410.04 118,479.30 1,116.36 10,678.50 95,722.02 21.81 1,634.27 324.22 80 44 158 114 220 30 31 38 5 90 24 11.17 8.06 15.56 2.12 2.19 2.69 .35 6.37 1.70 Brush-burning (not railway-clearing). Road and power- and telephone-line con- .08 .80 7.16 Industrial operations Miscellaneous (known causes) .12 .02 Totals —- 1,414 ioo.oo $1,336,496.55 100.00 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 61 Ci to < Ph to H PS tH H P3 B_ O TO o H P o g ra O s o&i OJ fi cd a ■a u «T3 fi O r/_ SCO 3 ft * _ °> • P fi s > CJ Jg OJ fl^ w 5 c ■rt o c fi.fi fi S fi ' o _ O > . © o a B fl ° u ° r° _ O > co. : £ 5 3 E-, +J 'T_ dH «t-i fcj +j fi fl ° ci ° r° __ fl c_ cj 15 OJ d 5 w oj o g O ^ fi -^ w .3 ^ H H s I > Ph Ph W S FF 62 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Damage caused by Forest Fires, 1942—Part I. Accessible Merchantable Timber. Inaccessible Merchantable Timber. Immature Timber. Forest District. a OJ H +, OJ up; S3 OJ a fil! Salvable Volume of Timber killed. P, ■^ a cn £$ O 4j 0J V a! 60 s a s H +j OJ ojS £3 4» t, « Acres. 605 221 39,809 528 41 M.B.M. 5,110 1,995 119,066 243 46 M.B.M. 4,135 185 17 4 $ 1,893 1,812 312,313 762 60 Acres. 145 20 78 327 17 M.B.M. 2,053 100 268 9 $ 1,581 5 298 4 4 Acres. 1,947 3,049 120,943 868 81 $ 16,335 4,295 482,564 Kamloops —- ' 493 152 i 41,204 j 126.460 4,341 316,840 587| 2,430 1,892 126,888 603,839 9.23 | 98.11 3.37 36.88 0.13| 1.89 0.22 28.42 58.65 70,643 62,870 213,532 Damage caused by Forest Fires, 1942—Part II. Not satisfactorily Noncommercial Grazing or Pasture Nonproductive Grand Totals. Cover. Land. Sites. Forest nd £ -a fi T «-; 5 to to U be 3 fcCfi o fi tC fl O fi P 1 0 S B g O 9 c S fi a) S a g P Vancouver.- Acres. 5,611 1,339 61 49 17 Acres. 3,619 135 72 50 53 Acres. 1,378 10,068 2,200 1,386 112 $ 3,740 2,978 580 719 46 Acres. 5,270 4,402 28,589 2,170 226 $ 1,318 1,101 7,147 1,003 52 Acres. 104 113 2,683 1,327 $ 5 6 133 65 Acres. 2,413 5,632 194,834 3,675 277 $ 604 1,408 13,656 1,836 69 Acres. 21,092 24,866 386,699 11,736 2,151 M.B.M. 7,163 2,095 119,334 252 46 $ 25,476 11,599 816,564 Kamloops Nelson 4,950 448 Totals - 7,077 | 3,929 [15,144 8,063 40,657 10,621 | 4,227 | 209 |206,831 17,573 446,544 128,890 | 859,037 1.58 [ 0.88 | 3.39 0.94 9.10 1.24 [ 0.95 [0.02 | 46.32 | 2.05 100.00 100.00 1 100.00 Ten-year average, 1933-42 9,307 447 347,675 312 536 599.131 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 63 < m fc H Eh H TO < TO H 5 TO H PS O Ph K Q W TO <! O O <! s «! p &h o fc o TO 3 Ph s o o C\ -tf oo CT O r- ,H <n IQ IO U9 IC rH © rA H © t- -tf1 ©. 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CM -tf 02 TO H 3 PS w CM o g s PS pq tn «! Eh O H Q « CD •jiuuaj ^no c- 0 rH •tf CM © © o ©' © l-H © © o © o © ©' © o p cs Q eg eg 'Ioj^uoo padeosa sajj^j t- eg © rH co d *- M tr- CD t- fc- ©" CO CD -tf" CD oo" •J9AO paiunq ua-iy m © © O CD rH <y -tfl rH IO 00 t- fa © © rH t- CO ^j O* CO CO* -tf" -tf" <3 CD LO CO 00* t- co CD © •panssi s^iuuad r-t eg eo o © * O CO © O rH P -tf" CO © © © ^ Cg* rH ! PS 5 CM o g 5 ca 3 O •^iiujOcJ ?no -qijAV :jas saai^ d eo TO 00 IO* kO fc- cvi trio co CO CD eg •Ioj;uoo padeasa sa.ii& 6 CN CO •jbao pau.mq ea-iy rA ta eg io © eg cj oo © co eg rH fa rH CO © << H « CD © © •panssi s^iuuaj , © CD ,rH t- -tfl O CO CN t- rH fc trio eg ■< . 5 <! 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S Ir- 00 ** to" © cg •panssi s;iiujad io cd eg t- jj CO rH rH CN i 1" | H & Q . g < a o •^itujaj; ^no -q^iA\ ^as sejij[ eo 6 IO Cv] CO © oc r.-" 10 © eg to o o o © ■tfi CM © cg cg o eg ■[oa^uoo padBOsa saji& -tf d rt fc CO CO CD uaAO paiunq ea-iy u5 © co cs © -# CD OO CO rH rH -■# fa IO IO OS- O » ^ -tf" rH eg" -tf* -tf* CD O CD CO* rH ■panssi siittuaj CO -tf © CD t- J CO O 00 IO CD £ © CO 00 © CO rH rH IO 00 CO CO lr- ©^ co" HH O "fa ta 5 01 0 o fa > 3 C C ti > t V p p Pi Q) C P a t\ fa o a O +3 fa 0 CO Ph o c i Q r3 cd o fl at o tH OJ Ph 01 OC rt cu > ti « eg H ^ cci j ff CC >> CC aj H FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 65 GRAZING. General Conditions. "All flesh is grass " (Isaiah). This, of course, is very evident in the case of live stock which exist wholly on domestic or wild forage. It might also be said that " all flesh is a result of weather," for the condition and growth of range live stock particularly is almost entirely due to weather conditions. A mild season and plentiful rainfall bring abundant and succulent growth of range forage. Stock can eat more of nourishing plants with less effort than in years of drought and severe temperatures. The year 1942 was a case in point, for an early spring and plentiful rains to the middle of July produced the best range grass in many years. Cattle and sheep fared well and came back to the home ranch in the fall in excellent condition. Hay-crops were correspondingly good, but labour shortage and considerable spoilage by adverse haying weather reduced the amount ultimately stacked for the winter. A severe or long winter in 1942-43 might result in considerable losses for lack of feed. Prices for live stock were again higher and, combined with the high grade of the stock, may overcome any possible losses from wintering. The range stock industry fared well during 1942 and enters 1943 better financially than for many years past. Ranchers are at last able to pay off long-outstanding debts contracted during the lean years of the past decade. Although war conditions are probably directly responsible for the increased prices being received by the industry, they also have their depressing effects. Chief among these is the acute labour shortage. This has driven the costs of hay much higher and also the costs of all other farm activities. The range stock industry will need careful study by those in authority over labour distribution during the war if the armed forces and war industry workers, let alone the general populace, are to be properly fed. Markets and Prices, War conditions affected the markets for live stock as they did in 1941, demand being very heavy and prices rising over those of the previous year. The gain in price was not, however, as great as between 1940 and 1941. The United States market was again a large factor in cattle marketings, but the total number of animals shipped from the Province was down about 10 per cent. Top steers sold at Vancouver at a peak of $11.32 per hundredweight in early summer. In January the price was $9.60 per hundredweight and eased to $9.50 in October, with a decided rising tendency towards the year's end. These prices compare favourably with 1941 when the peak was $10, January prices about $8.65 and late fall $8.75. Sheep products were also higher, with lamb ranging from $11 to $13.61 per hundredweight, compared with $10.50 to $12.50 the previous year. Wool was up a little from 21 cents to 25 cents a pound. The B.C. Sheep-breeders' Association handled over 475,000 lb. of wool at the above price to the producer. The range live-stock industry is benefiting greatly from the organized sales of breeding and fat stock held each year in the range country. Prices received this year at the Annual Bull Sale and Fat Stock Show at Kamloops set a record and many excellent sires went on the range. The Central British Columbia Live-stock Association held a feeder sale in September, grossing nearly double the amount received in 1941. ' The Annual Cariboo Bull and Fat Stock Sale at Williams Lake in October was very successful and the Christmas Fat Stock Show and Sale at Kamloops in December brought unit prices higher than in previous years. One of the most promising sales was started by the Waldo Stock-breeders' Association and was held at Elko. In co-operation with the Department of Agriculture, procedures were worked out, with a total of 428 cattle and 554 sheep being sold. Prices were excellent and considerably higher than producers had previously received selling individually to travelling buyers. FF 66 . DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Such methods of increasing returns to the producers deserve every encouragement, for the result is better animal husbandry and a more prosperous industry. Great sections of British Columbia depend almost entirely on the range live-stock industry for livelihood. A combination of good farm, range and live-stock management is needed to maintain this important section of the community; one that serves the rest of the Province with necessary food products." Live-stock Losses. No outstanding cases of losses to live stock were reported in 1942. Some cases of diseases appeared, but generally were less prevalent than in previous years. The Forest Branch continued its co-operation with the Department of Agriculture in reporting and controlling disease on the range. Owing to the luxuriant growth, of palatable weeds on the range, there was less loss from poisonous weeds. As long as there is plenty of good forage, range animals do not suffer from the small percentage of poisonous plants they may eat; but where the latter make up a large proportion of the total feed, losses are sustained. Good range management fostering growth of palatable forage will save many animals. Losses from predatory animals were also light in 1942. This also may be due to the greater forage-growth and resultant better food-supply for these animals. Range Reconnaissance. Loss of field staff to the armed forces prevented any adequate programme of range reconnaissance in 1942. Only the most essential work could be done where immediate range problems were pressing. As a result, the total acreage covered was only 80,076 acres, made up as follows:— Acres. Pinantan-Pemberton Range 53,446 Upper Deadman Creek 26,630 Total *. 80,076 Since 1932, when range reconnaissance was placed on an organized basis, the field staff of the Kamloops Forest District has reported on and mapped 2,761,871 acres of range land. Reports and maps show the kind, location, carrying capacity, and condition of the range, with improvements and topography added. They form the basis on which range management may be organized and administration carried on intelligently. There are still millions of acres of range land in the Province of which little knowledge has been recorded. As the country develops, these ranges will be used more intensively and will require administration and careful management. There is yet a huge task to be done in range reconnaissance that might well form an important project in post-war rehabilitation. Co-operation. Meetings with live-stock associations had to be curtailed in 1942 for lack of staff. However, some twenty-six associations held meetings at which Forest Officers attended to discuss problems. This is an important part of range administration, as the range-users, through their local recognized and incorporated association, are able to give a balanced opinion on range management that is highly valuable to administrative officers. Grazing Permits. The use of Crown range is secured through permit issued under authority of the " Grazing Act." This also allows for control by the Forest Branch in the interests of the range and its users. Each range should have its management plan based on careful reconnaissance and revised by periodic inspection. Each permittee on the range has his individual problem and must secure his permit. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 67 Lack of staff, accentuated by the war, has increased the difficulties of administration, the volume and trend of which is indicated by the following tabulation of Grazing Permits issued:— Grazing Permits issued. District. No. of Permits issued. Number df Stock under Permit. Cattle. Horses. Sheep. 16 254 860 1,207 6,354 77,227 94 1,372 3,331 20 2,706 34,236 Totals, 1942 1,130 84,788 4,797 36,962 Totals, 1941 1,064 881 790 738 807 700 746 789 77,774 74,404 69,447 72,774 75,123 75,224 60,305 68,735 4,180 3.958 2,758 2,248 2,328 2,061 1,870 2,235 39,552 Totals, 1940 . Totals, 1939 - 37,132 38,357 Totals, 1938 37,060 Totals, 1937 Totals, 1936 42,185 46,084 Totals, 1935 36,902 Totals, 1934 36,569 Collections. The amount of money collected in 1942 was slightly more than in 1941, and included was over $5,000 in arrears, reflecting the prosperous state of the industry. The following table shows the results of the year's collections:— Grazing Fees billed and collected. Year. Fees billed. Collections. Outstanding. 1939 . $21,348.41 23,338.28 23,781.19 25,116.02 $22,027.05 38,146.48 29,348.22 30,802.33 $42 012 10 1940 - 27,203.90 21,636.87 1941 1942 - . 15,950.56 Range Improvement. The natural range is not usable without some form of control of animals and protection for them. They must be kept within certain bounds, away from danger, and given access to good feed and water. In the early days of the industry, when there was plenty of range available for all users, such methods were not necessary, but when every acre is needed, as at present, the range requires considerable improvement. The Range Improvement Fund, the condition of which is reported on previously, is made up from one-third of the fees collected, and is available for improvements on the Crown range that may be considered to increase the forage in quantity or quality. During 1942, the programme laid out could not be completed because of labour shortage. Most projects are contracted to associations or individuals interested, frequently on a co-operative basis. Ranchers in 1942 had a hard enough time running their ranches and stock without doing jobs on the range that might be left over. The following amount of work was done, however: 4 cattle-guards; 11 drift- fences, totalling 14.5 miles; 2 drift-fences repaired; 2 holding-ground fences repaired; 1 holding-ground fenced; 6 mud-holes fenced; 6 stock-trails constructed, totalling 8 miles; 11 water developments completed; and 35 acres burned-over land seeded to forage experimentally. War conditions have shown how essential to the war, as well as peace-time economy of the country, is the range live-stock industry. The meat supplies of our armed forces and the civilian population are quite largely dependent upon it, while the development of large portions of the Interior of the Province, with the utilization of millions of acres of productive land, would be impossible without it. It behooves ranchers and FF 68 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Government alike to take all possible steps to insure the continuance of the renewable natural resource, forage, which can be done with proper management. There is still room for expansion of range live-stock production, but it will require much study, field reconnaissance, and inspection, as well as the co-operation of the stockmen as individuals and associations. There are considerable possibilities for post-war rehabilitation on the ranges of the Province. PERSONNEL DIRECTORY, JANUARY 1ST, 1943. Victoria Office. C. D. Orchard! Chief Forester. G. P. Melrose Assistant Chief Forester. E. E. Gregg Forester—Protection. E. W. Bassett Assistant Forester. J. H. Blake Marine and Structural Engineer. W. C. Spouse Mechanical Superintendent. G. A. Playfair (on Active Service) Radio Engineer. H. E. Ferguson Radio Engineer. E. B. Prowd Forester—Management. S. E. Marling Assistant Forester. F. S. McKinnon Forester—Economics. H. J. Hodgins Assistant Forester. S. W. Barclay , Royalty Inspector. H. H. Smith Chief Accountant. A. E. Thompson Chief Draughtsman. Districts. Vancouver. C. J. Haddon District Forester. T. A. Clarke Assistant District Forester. W. Byers Supervisor of Scalers. M. W. Gormely Assistant Forester. W. S. Hepher (on Active Service) Assistant Forester. D. B. Taylor Assistant Forester. J. G. MacDonald Fire Inspector. A. H. Waddington Fire Inspector. Prince Rupert. R. C. St. Clair : District Forester. L. S. Hope (on Active Service) Assistant District Forester. J. E. Mathieson ,___.Fire Inspector. Prince George. R. D. Greggor District Forester. L. F. Swannell (on Active Service) Assistant District Forester. D. L. McMulIan Assistant Forester. Kamloops. C. C. Ternan District Forester. R. G. McKee Assistant District Forester. R. R. Douglas (on Active Service) Assistant Forester. C. L. Armstrong (on Active Service) Assistant Forester. H. B. Forse Assistant Forester. I. T. Cameron .Assistant Forester. W. W. Stevens (on Active Service) Acting Assistant Forester. J. M. Fraser Fire Inspector. E. A. Charlesworth Supervisor of Scalers. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. FF 69 Nelson. R. E. Allen District Forester. K. C. McCannel Assistant District Forester. W. C. Phillips Assistant Forester. W. Holmgren Fire Inspector. P. Young Fire Inspector. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Charles F. BanfielDj Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1943. 1,325-243-3408
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PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS HON. A. W. GRAY, Minister. H. CATHCART, Deputy Minister.… British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1943]
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Title | PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS HON. A. W. GRAY, Minister. H. CATHCART, Deputy Minister. C. D. ORCHARD, Chief Forester. REPORT OF THE FOREST BRANCH FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST 1942 |
Alternate Title | FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1942. |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1943] |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1943_V02_13_FF1_FF69 |
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Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2016 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0314366 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
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