PROVINCE OF.BRITISH COLUMBIA ANNUAL REPORT of the LANDS AND SURVEY BRANCHES of the DEPAKTMENT OF LANDS for the YEAE ENDED DECEMBER 31ST, 1937 HON. A. WELLS GRAY, Minister of Lands printed by authority of the legislative assembly. VICTORIA, B.C.: Printed by Chables F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1938. Victoria, B.C., September 29th, 1938. To His Honour E. W. Hamber, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour i Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Lands and Survey Branches of the Department of Lands for the year ended December 31st, 1937. A. WELLS GRAY, Minister of Lands. Victoria, B.C., September 29th, 1938. The Honourable A. W. Gray, Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Lands and Survey Branches of the Department of Lands for the twelve months ended December 31st, 1937. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, H. CATHCART, Deputy Minister of Lands. PAET I. DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Report of Superintendent of Lands 5 Revenue 5 Sale of Town Lots 6 Pre-emption Records . 7 Pre-emption and Homestead Exchanges 7 Land-sales : .: 7 Sale of Reverted Lands : 8 Process Summary 8 Land Inspections 1 ..'. 9 Summary 10 Letters inward and outward _— 11 Coal Licences, Leases, etc 11 Crown Grants issued L 11 Total Acreage deeded 11 Home-site Leases 12 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. '„"'!-„ „ Victoria, B.C., September 26th, 1938. H. Cathcart, Esq., Deputy Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C. . .. . Sir,—I have the honour to submit herewith statements containing details of land administration by the Lands Branch of the Department of Lands during the year ended December 31st, 1937. Comparing 1937 figures submitted with those of the previous year, two features attract attention—namely, the increase in general business and drop in revenue. These features, seemingly illogical, can be accounted for as effects of recent legislation authorizing lower deposits, lower interest rates, and provision for third-class land, lowering the minimum price of agricultural land from $2.50 to $1 per acre. The effect on revenue of reserving large areas under the " Coal and Petroleum Act" is also becoming noticeable. It is again noted that during the past year only settlers in the Peace River Block have taken advantage of the statutory provision for exchanging pre-emptions or homesteads for more suitable locations. An interesting tabulation is added this year, showing the number of home-site leases (less than 20 acres) issued, covering a period of the past ten years, with resulting cumulative revenue year by year. T haye ^ honQur tQ be> Sir, Your obedient servant, NEWMAN TAYLOR, Superintendent of Lands. STATEMENT OF REVENUE, YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31st, 1937. Land-sales. Victoria. Agencies. Total. Under "Taxation Act"— General-- -- ----- $39,272.47 $46,141.82 312.02 . 4,650.85 $14,192.72 15,327.54 962.18 $46,141.82 14,504.74 19,978.39 Under "Land Act"— 962.18 8,000.98 2,222.70 8,000.98 2,222.70 $51,104.69 $40,706.12 $91,810.81 Sundry Revenue. Under "Land Act"— Sundry lease rentals Grazing rentals Survey fees— Under " Land Act' Former Dominion Railway Belt lands.. $1,574.90 114.25 Sundry fees.. Royalty Improvements . Rent of property Under "Taxation Act"- Mineral claims Totals $76,343.97 4,972.92 728.85 13,902.30 641.17 302.00 22.50 1,913.71 $960.30 789.00 612.46 120.00 3,596.15 $76,343.97 4,972.92 1,689.15 14,691.30 641.17 914.46 142.50 3,596.15 $6,077.91 $102,991.62 Y 6 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. Revenue under " Coal and Petroleum Act." Victoria. Agencies. Total. $4,300.00 9,420.75 1,238.90 200.00 $4,300.00 9,420.75 1,238.90 200.00 $15,159.65 $15,159.65 Sundry Receipts. $8,882.83 271.76 6,667.32 13,912.92 $8,882.83 271.76 6,667.32 $4,044.17 17,957.09 Totals $29,734.83 $4,044.17 $33,779.00 Summary of Revenue. $51,104.69 96,913.71 15,159.65 29,734.83 $40,706.12 6,077.91 $91,810.81 102,991.62 15,159.65 4,044.17 33,779.00 Totals .. $192,912.88 $50,828.20 $243,741.08 Summary of Cash received. Revenue.. 'Soldiers' Land Act"— Southern Okanagan Project- Houses, South Vancouver ' Better Housing Act"— Principal Interest .. Land Settlement Board- Land Sales Loans.... Refund of advances and refund to votes, etc... Totals $192,912.88 32,093.70 689.78 60. 700.00 930.69 277.90 766.41 649.53 $405,020.8 $50,828.20 $50,828.20 $243,741.08 32,093.70 689.78 60,700.00 38,930.69 44,277.90 28,766.41 6,649.53 $455,849.09 SALE OF TOWN LOTS DURING 1937. Disposal of 141 lots placed on the market at previous auction sales: 22 lots at Oliver 13 lots at Creston 1 lot at Vancouver.. 37 lots at Trail 9 lots at Osoyoos 10 lots at Kimberley 7 lots at Castlegar 9 lots at Natal 3 lots at Clinton And 30 lots in fourteen other townsites.. Total.. $3,875.00 2,845.00 2,500.00 1,750.00 1,200.00 745.00 575.00 460.00 300.00 1,530.00 $15,780.00 LAND-SALES. Y 7 During the year auctions were held disposing of 135 lots, as follows:— 4 lots at Castlegar.. 14 lots at Kimberley.. 18 lots at Trail 89 lots at Zeballos 10 lots at Princeton... Total.. $220.00 1,750.00 1,955.00 10,800.00 505.00 $15,230.00 Southern Okanagan Project sold 29 parcels, comprising 314.31 acres, the purchase price being $18,788.25. In the University Hill Subdivision in Lot 140, New Westminster District (Endowment Lands), 2 lots were sold and 1 leased; price, $6,965. PRE-EMPTION AND HOMESTEAD EXCHANGES. Under 1934 Amendment to " Land Act." 1935.. 1936.. 1937- No. . 41 . 21 . 37 PRE-EMPTION RECORDS, ETC., 1937. Agency. Pre-emption Records allowed. Pre-emption Records cancelled. Certificates of Purchase issued. Certificates of Improvements issued. 1 22 5 16 25 2 19 4 6 1 13 10 211 6 46 14 6 1 6 2 3 9 12 32 58 22 30 2 5 5 33 15 244 8 35 20 10 1 13 9 3 5 37 44 16 2 17 29 1 10 137 160 23 42 14 44 3 5 1 54 13 1,282 Atlin Clinton 12 1 9 20 Golden 4 9 Kaslo Nanaimo 2 2 Pouce Coupe - 68 1 Smithers - 4 Vancouver 2 3 Totals 416 569 1,939 Total.. LAND-SALES, 1937. " Land Act "— Surveyed (first class) Surveyed (second class) Unsurveyed. Total 99 Acres. 1,400.64 3,456.45 4,857.09 1,194.5 6,051.59 Y 8 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. 1937 SALE OF REVERTED LANDS UNDER DEFERRED-PURCHASE REGULATIONS (1933) (NOW OBSOLETE). No. Acreage. Appraised Value. 33 2,834.15 $12,933.10 Totals 33 2,834.15 $12,933.10 Payments, 1937 (principal, interest, and existing improvements at date of sale) $6,869.35 PROCESS SUMMARY. No. Acreage. Appraised Value. 719 215 56,464.27 17,949.60 $245,026.30 77,044.50 Totals 504 38,514.67 , $167,981.80 No. 501 $16,280.53 5,099.19 ..... $11,181.34 1937.—Reverted land applications statused and cleared for timber-sale under the " Forest Act," 327. Total deposits due Total deposits paid and partly paid 133 Deposits in arrear LAND INSPECTIONS. Y 9 co Ol O hH H U Oh oa P < "rt >* M CO cc 00 ia 04 CO -tf OS tc t- ta IO c- o e CO a -p rn : oo m cm t- co eo mncowonniS'* ! t- t- CD o j rH rH CO OJ rH O CO ! OJ H "* OJ u rH !OW It-OOtNt-rHtf-^t ! rH -* CO CO CO rH rl O) i "tf ID T-I C- CO t- Q ~ > co ! ta ta ! ■*# oo i t- IO 1© •* ! IN rH © CO rH INrH ! b- o : oo ! i oi rH ! IO W rH ! rH ! iO fc eg H-> -* ! rH ! t- © rH rH rH ! M t- M CO H CO W !Ci-*rH CO u ! rH [ ! in -rr ta ! co o t- i-h : OJ O CO ft rH ! 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DC H- -t- t r a £ CJ a 0 a c 01 E 01 q a a c > 0 P > a P OC c J % a c X X a ri hi P t fc q c T3 fc fc p t a C b 01 £ e fi q a 5 e a "5 t g fc 1 c r. 1 I a tH C 0 a 1S a HJ C I c a f tt a cr 0 a a J c. fl p •4. E fi C .2 0 DO + C a q H- D c fi a E 0 a I 1 c 0 q a 9 q « fl "53 > o OJ + 9 O C fc 0* 0J p j e tH c 0 rt J ai p Cl 0 tu c fc r= QJ fc Cfl £ 5 c * p B > a ca fc S c c B £ enu fcera ters a '-£ j j -t | a ai c 5 15 ^3 _ jj fc * 0 "rt e fl > HH 3 V E t 0 +j "rt 1= rt P- 45 i3 fc Cj Cj !h o c a o fl fl <u fi OJ 01 fc G c B C 0) O 0) PM c a c fr C ^ U tf P J Ph (3 C c h e K C K r H CROWN GRANTS ISSUED. Y 11 STATEMENT OF LETTERS INWARD AND OUTWARD, 1937. Letters inward 21,691 Letters outward 19,224 Included in the above total of letters inward are general inquiry letters as follows :- January 176 August 139 February 255 September 149 March 198 October 106 April 158 November 94 May 134 December 124 June 103 July 112 Total 1,748 MINING LICENCES, LEASES, ETC., 1937. Licences under the " Coal and Petroleum Act." Original licences issued 34; area, 19,775.00 acres. Renewal licences issued 13; area, 6,598.07 acres. Totals 47; area, 26,373.07 acres. Leases under the " Coal and Petroleum Act." New leases issued 8; area, 4,159.00 acres. Renewal leases issued 10; area, 4,828.70 acres. Totals 18; area, 8,987.70 acres. Sundry Leases under the " Land Act." Number of leases issued 195; area, 43,481.69 acres. CROWN GRANTS ISSUED, 1937. Pre-emptions 172 Dominion homesteads 202 Purchases (other than town lots) 112 Mineral claims 244 Town lots 76 Reverted lands (other than town lots) 158 Reverted town lots 129 Reverted mineral claims 108 Supplementary timber grants 3 " Dyking Assessment Act " 11 " Public Schools Act " 5 Miscellaneous 6 Total 1,226 Applications for Crown grants 1,271 Certified copies 10 Clearances of applications for leases of reverted mineral claims given.. 287 Total Acreage deeded. Pre-emptions 1 25,726.60 Dominion homesteads 30,094.76 Mineral claims (other than reverted) 9,302.58 Reverted mineral claims 3,822.82 Purchase of surveyed Crown lands (other than town lots) 15,124.08 Purchase of reverted lands (other than town lots) 4,667.56 Supplementary timber grants 4,970.70 Total 93,709.10 Y 12 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. HOME-SITE LEASES (NOT EXCEEDING 20 ACRES). No. Total Annual Revenue. Fiscal Year ended. 8 12 11 31 23 24 18 26 15 32 4 67 168 235 36 199 Leases issued, April 1st, 1929, to March 31st, 1930 $522.55 636.45 759.95 980.05 1,246.65 1,302.52 1,391.72 1,440.25 1,468.90 March 31st, 1930 Leases issued, April 1st, 1930, to March 31st, 1931. Leases issued, April 1st, 1931, to March 31st, 1932 March 31st, 1931 March 31st, 1932 Leases issued, April 1st, 1932, to March 31st, 1933. Leases issued, April 1st, 1933, to March 31st, 1934 Leases issued, April 1st, 1934, to March 31st, 1935 Leases issued, April 1st, 1935, to March 31st, 1936 Leases issued, April 1st, 1936, to March 31st, 1937 March 31st, 1933 March 31st, 1934 March 31st, 1935 March 31st, 1936 March 31st, 1937 March 31st, 1938 $9,749.04 PART II. SURVEY BRANCH. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Report of the Surveyor-General 15 General Review of Field-work 15 Office-work 16 Survey Branch 17 Table A—Summary of Office-work 17 Table B—List of Departmental Mineral Reference Maps 18 Table C—List of Departmental Reference Maps 19 Geographic Division 22 Table D—List of Lithographed Maps 23 Reports of Surveyors— Topographical Surveys, Vancouver Island (R. D. McCaw) 24 Topographical Surveys, Vancouver Island (A. J. Campbell) 26 Topographical Surveys, Vancouver Island (N. C. Stewart) 29 Topographical Surveys, Vancouver Island (G. J. Jackson) 32 REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR-GENERAL. Victoria, B.C., January 3rd, 1938. H. Cathcart, Esq., Deputy Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the following report on the operations of the Survey Branch for the year ended December 31st, 1937. The field-work of the Survey Branch may be divided into three main classes: (1) Triangulation, this being the best and cheapest means of determining the true position of main features and of placing a rigid foundation under all other surveys; (2) topographical surveys, now mostly carried on with the aid of aerial photography, with ground control supplied by minor triangulation and the surveying camera; (3) cadastral surveys, in preparation for settlement. The appropriation voted for surveys, though about one-third of the average of the past twenty years, took care of all urgent needs in connection with settlement and permitted a full season in the field for our topographical survey staff. It did not, however, permit any extension of our triangulation nets in the northern half of the Province—foundation-work needed there to guard against mistakes in planning transportation and development. In British Columbia, with its high relief, immense areas do not require the costly detailed subdivision necessary elsewhere. The blanket of protecting water vapour in the atmosphere decreases rapidly with altitude, so radiation of heat becomes excessive and the consequent night-frosts confine agriculture to the lower levels. Twenty-seven hundred to three thousand feet is, for example, the upper dependable limit for mixed farming in Cariboo. The Province has immense resources in grazing lands, timber, mineral, and water-power at levels above 3,000 feet. Altitude affects every activity, and in this country maps without contour-lines lose half their value. With our great area and small population low-cost mapping methods are essential if the work is to be done at all, and a finished job in one season is necessary—mountain transportation being costly. A combination of triangulation, ground photography, and aerial photography, experimented with and worked out here, has solved this problem of permanence with low cost for us, with the result that large areas of the Province abundantly justify such mapping. At this date we have satisfactory topographical maps covering one-seventh of the Province, and at the present rate of progress it will take 150 years to cover the entire area. That a speeding-up of this work would be justified may be indicated by the fact that 1 mile of mountain highway thereby saved would pay for 1,000 square miles of topographic mapping. During the year a series of maps showing the new mining divisions, land recording districts, assessment and collection districts, land registration districts, and county boundaries has been published. The unity and simplification effected by the changes have met with general approval and are saving much expense both to the Government and to the public. The Survey Branch is proud of its great share in initiating and carrying through this constructive work. As usual the closest co-operative contact was maintained with the Dominion Government survey operations in the Province so that there should be no duplication of effort. In the belief that accurate mapping, no matter by which Government carried out, is of great value to the Province, we give all possible assistance in the way of information, land-ties, etc., to all, and in turn we have had much help from the photographic units of the Royal Canadian Air Force, as well as from the Geodetic, Hydrographic, and Geological Surveys of the Dominion. Under a rather informal cost-sharing co-operative scheme the Royal Canadian Air Force has photographed extensive areas on Vancouver Island; the Provincial Surveys Branch is doing the necessary ground survey-work and photography, and is plotting the manuscript map, and Ottawa will take care of its publication. GENERAL REVIEW OF FIELD-WORK. Four survey parties were engaged on aero-phototopograpical control-work on Vancouver Island, these being in charge of Messrs. McCaw, Campbell, Stewart, and Jackson, all B.C. Land Surveyors of the permanent survey staff. Mr. F. C. Swannell, B.C.L.S., was in charge of the main control triangulation assisting the above parties on Southerly Vancouver Island. Y 16 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. In addition to the topographical work there were the survey of a small townsite at Zeballos, a subdivision of acreage at Roberts Creek, and acreage for five pre-emptions near Quesnel. Other items of work were small and scattered and all were carried out by surveyors resident near the work. OFFICE-WORK. The office staff is divided into three main sections—namely, the Survey Division, the Geographic Division, and the Topographic Division. Reports compiled by F. 0. Morris and G. G. Aitken for the Survey and Geographic Divisions, respectively, and reports by the surveyors heading the field parties of the Topographic Division are attached hereto. The tables show little change in the volume of office-work from last year. About 90 per cent, of the land surveyors of the Province are in private practice, and these surveyors are responsible for the surveys of mineral claims and other classes of Crown lands. The field-notes and plans of such surveys are filed in this office, and a considerable proportion of the staff is engaged in checking and replotting these surveys. The year was a busy one in map publication, as is shown in the report of the Chief Geographer, the special reason for this being the changes in the boundaries of mining and other division systems of the Province. It is expected that in 1938 a new map of Southerly Vancouver Island, and a degree sheet covering the Hope-Princeton area will be published, as well as a new edition of the Lillooet pre-emptors' map. During the year the draughting staff was very unfortunate, losing by death the much- valued services of three seniors, Messrs. Stokes and Lawrie and Miss Egerton, and by superannuation, Mr. Baile. Mr. A. S. Thomson, an experienced draughtsman, was added to the permanent staff, while Messrs. L. J. Roach, J. F. Stevens, and R. F. Leighton were added as apprentice draughtsmen. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, F. C. GREEN, Surveyor-General. APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. Y 17 APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. SURVEY BRANCH. This Branch deals with the general correspondence, the supply of survey information to land surveyors and the general public, preparation of instructions for surveying, checking survey field-notes and plotting official plans therefrom, clearing all applications, and many minor activities. In the average day's work it is found necessary to secure and consult 100 documents from the vault. An efficient blue and ozalid printing plant is maintained. Departmental Reference Maps.—In order to keep a proper graphic record of alienations and inquiries, reference maps, generally on the scale of 1 mile to 1 inch, and mineral reference maps on the scale of 1,500 feet to 1 inch, drawn on tracing-linen, are maintained by the Survey Branch. There are now 188 reference maps and 70 mineral reference maps, making a total of 258 maps. The work of keeping these up to date—(1) by adding new survey information as it becomes available, and (2) by renewing same when worn out with constant use and handling in the blue-print machines—forms a considerable portion of the work of the Branch. During the year seven reference maps were recompiled. Tables B and C, attached hereto, give a list of these reference maps. Table A, which follows, summarizes the main items of work. Table A.—Summary of Office-work for the Year 1937, Survey Branch. Number of field-books received lots surveyed lots plotted lots gazetted lots cancelled mineral-claim field-books prepared reference maps compiled applications for purchase cleared applications for pre-emption cleared applications for lease cleared coal licences cleared water licences cleared timber-sales cleared free-use permits cleared hand-loggers' licences cleared Crown-grant applications cleared reverted-land clearances cancellations made inquiries cleared placer-mining leases plotted on maps letters received letters sent out * Crown-grant and lease tracings made in duplicate miscellaneous tracings made Government Agents' tracings made blue-prints made Revenue received from sale of blue-prints from other departments and public Value of blue-prints for Lands Department Number of documents consulted and filed in vault 406 424 442 347 5 294 7 158 504 433 80 206 1,922 219 49 1,168 972 1,469 2,207 485 5,685 4,068 1,286 152 115 29,159 $4,925.48 $4,073.30 28,815 Y 18 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. >> CM O Xi m ri TO H O fc K ►J <! « H fc ° b • <w l£o° 2 £ u M w a) •, r muqS O O rH CS Pi C3 TJ cS 13 fl pi ■ <S V r* ^ rH O 0) ~ w > >>o h S 5 o o *- *h oj ra £ fcft ? ass rt t3 t> PhPh-* 3 3^ a fi£ «8l .S 3 O -§« S 01 53 O U . ■** » g g is 5 B "3 8Sl ^ fl 13 if S ft rt Oh I* fi m ;§! .Si & TJ 9> r. 3 Oj o ^ o o ,3.2 M fH a Uo ... i> F » " S3 » go gS rtrtiM3ort30 a .rH P% q, Ph E-i o IM .. ..O 8 g S !*> ^ .5 .5 rt .2 S S3 S cq cqS O *>< fn 3 .5 .. ■a O § * s o rt 3 3" o<;S *'S 0). ra a o cqm^ 3 fi a CJ •* £ g£ * rt h-2 PS Pc S rt r ai Sc CD CS > r*i QJ *H rH ms ■3 rt a xi rt bo ■3.5 o a is 3 3 O ■ aw- >>^ -.' hj O -3 , •a c! > £ rt -3 CO 9 in ai tH u +J 4^ ^ tfl S 5 rt g r *•& a ^j »i3 ^ .^i rt rt 3 a aoCL| rt oj bfl s.s I " ^ >> ii! c P 5 rt , 0, ri y a rt <u ^, 3 -a .£ rt •» o bo 6!M . 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U rt m 1 • O O S3 I g rt * -O o hj I o a fco^1 m OJ -3 « X3 ' a xi a « 8 S o 0 3 o •* . fH ra XI1 o S fi 5 rt o * 4H >•■" ft 5 S3 > o <Z w M T3 C.) a rH cd u fH rt tH bfl 0 tu ■R ^S^h 3 '-3 o" g fcp^ -a •o >> >> S a rt « " rt 3 C 3 t. o o £ y ° « o - hh CQ 5 CQ g fi .. « K AI "3 a Ph c S o ^ lOrtfioooo.Srt PhO^MMIz;M<JM O'^oiQoi^oJOitooimoTfaitDTitoiai^oajoooiffiOJ'^ooo o o cooooooooooo OOOHDCOCOOtO{OCO!COOOOJ«30003COtDOiOO©tDO«KD?D05COOO 00 00 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ^HHHHHH^HEHHHEHHHHHfHHHHHHHEHHEHEHHfH^ ^HHHHHHHEhHE-iH l»NCOT)*»OOOt-ODH010lCl^C-NHCOtOlOHCOlO^OJOQCO«l01t- O t- WtOOONCOlOHtONM H H N lHiHrHrH tHtHtHiH rH riH APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. Y 19 xa a 3 M 4H .rH ^J tn ■ Ph >> >> a . •on 2 > S,.> O fn a rt rt > ri o -3 > iH ■ o Ph • s § fl « «! o o u >> HH> U > Ph Ai O w » £ o .£ £p3 - rt to .—< X o o > <'& HH O o A! >> to £ C o tQ P. O XI P.O p*. S c fH O o o C iH fc o r3 S xl .fc° o -a m ^ H3 S rt n -y J 3 J3^ . 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'H >A Ei g^^-a^S0" c g j|-S J „ 8 a o§|&w 5 * ^5*-S« S™t/JfHa-fjsfl os 3 " S 3 ■ ^ a S SiSs^Ja a u 33x1 •fira.Kgo-g^- g-a j h 5 5 S SP Sh"^g m S^ S dW^-2.2? 3'SAi"5'2"jHra3^,a 3S P- y n^ S "S o XI. S •*• K O ' 3 ^ .»'Sdb«f'f'OC„v - P fc ii S 5 r3 S J o .S fi O rt « .. m -S E m~.V.«r>.-i 'tmm mm urnm nmmm 1 >S t3 rt O a s . » fp aCJja a-a-o J, !a1s|§§l§gl -^ rto^o^ra^m^^^y fi WJ • hm (j fl ^^^rificlrt crjflwrtfl>Kiwrtrtrtrt eg" ^^-5^ fl &J £-5-5-3 "2 a-a.SSS85S8S-8«fift6 ^^MCO^^wfflHhl oQKootf^<JciH^ifcOOS^QM QPttjpjfflOMO^SoOO^ o .<;« . . < a o q . < cq .<! ^ ?HTHiH<NC0C0C0C0C0^t1',:t,',1,Wli5 Y 20 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. fi j* r-i f-H 0> s s w -s gs.fc XI ra PS c.S^ So ^ p, ° -*>:£ S o « s? .a • ^ C^ rt rH Xl O £ +3 »H ^ ... s s S 1 fttl **-S if , 3£ 1*^°°3«Z ■ I1 1 S !-■? S-S ^§ 3 §w *£s-i*§*3l«a* »^-S5 I Wl 1 111 &L lil H #li!l5|sij>lfti:^ s rt^w ffi-S S Aifcag %H-g >caS?M'S-™-amrtft-H->'-'B ft SN,| Nftli, Jul! 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"Is^l^gl g?7°|«JS glM^^I^S gl ,-sg-S ri-g «| s §5^ gs S J-s « Wrt» J&(ipj>!(|«-ll| ( ^ -■S'33^J,J^5aoaAiPHrto„ra.S_ fi rt o .> „>M^lort>>fHQi>.boo6J)5~rrt"o 3s .«a>'jowaoaofi'3j0o ^pScora gfx,a-g 0PS^ S^ -aiJ. &H <U <Z> fi Kfe,j^ D ffl^ifoU tt n * . . . <i!.<!oq o .<...<Jmu.-<mo.<J l! NM^IO <0 COC-0000 00 0)OOHNNNNn«WnTliTlilO(DI>00050HW«T)ilOtDt-OOC30HN A COCOCOCO CO COCOCOCO CO COCO^-^-^^^^-^^^^^^'^TyTf'^^iOiOLOiaiOiOirsiOlOU^tOtOO APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. Y 21 Z. Li ■-( L- Q ^j 13*2 fn"^ O o ~ •" >>o g - .a £ ^ fc"H a «i +j fl ft fl c H ^ -Ort ffl j o S ^3 fi ^3 rH 5 fl n © a T3 3> 1+3 © S Jh b. rt SI rt £ S a £ fi B-" *& 2 OS ^ *& ra o fl o ra rt a rt rH -° r a rt S U W 5) m B rt ■£ ^ h ra a rH O O a fi £ !.3 h a £ 2 w rt o hh g ■Ss-s^gfi £gS.2|g H tiSftc O rH S O 3 g 3 «+h rt ^H ° oj« '"S ,b Ji? -*-> x ' ' J3 n-^ajoj^fl a. o w 13 fl ^ •£ rt ™" 59 £ £ fi ^ bfl . - * «n -fl *ra o fi v w H^o«ga I. * 2 -a -a fi g .ga ooP. - o ■" .5 ° &"S a O +j 3 O .C ° K O ra o o - a fi fi S fi o i> rH O IA Ui . rj O rt a > UH N « O O X3 .a-o s « a c i ° 1 xi c a Eg c a a 0 »o g D — ««3 ■a o "3 XI s 3 C o -a o 3 cr 3 o J3 3 CT 8 o > o rt tH ^ W 3 S >, c -, « IH a a o o .a fi 9> 3 Eh rt o.hj fi ^h -a „ o g to _ 3 - ' a C3 O a X3 09 z a S H < fl. to a D z % J J < oi a Z w O p tn 8 8 g 8 >-» O Cq ^ A! rt o XI o rt S 9 (» o > a s a PS M -" M ifi =3 I a 3 .rt is Ph ra •3 . 3 o S ■> .-oM^^^rtJg^ o S «fH M M ~ rt H H ■fc_* h-fi>>>eS-goo >> o p. tf O 5 fi ft S1-^ S2 ,, -^.o.SSxi^^IS^ ru-^.s <D0rtfifl'^^£HT g-a-ePSft.fcAij.a^fiaSS^ fi°„ c O a fi H -^g ««3 IS^33^ o5?rtofi^rtragg w B H u O K"3 n ft OS °0 flrj O 5)^3 o CJ on n !? S .Iz;cQ^w^;iz32;ai^H}ocotr.iM I I i I I I I I I I I I I 1 I lOlOlT3<£l<£>L-t-t-t-C00000THt'-© ■r_,1-Hi-lrHi-Hi-(r-li-l.-l(N<MCO Y 22 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. Maps. Published. Name. No. of Copies. Date of Issue. Dept. Map No. Scale. Area in Sq. Miles. 1. British Columbia (small) Mining Divisions.— 2. British Columbia—Commercial—■ Land Recording Districts Mining Divisions. Assessment and Collection Districts — Counties Land Registration 3. Highway and Travel Map of British Columbia 4. British Columbia (small) Land Recording Districts 5. Bulkley Pre-emptors' Map. 5,000 7,000 6,000 650 1,060 750 3,500 10,000 5,000 May, 1937 June, 1937 June, 1937 June, 1937 June, 1937 June, 1937 July. 1937 Sept., 1937 Nov., 1937 M.D. Uc 1JD 1JE lJGC 1JGL P.W.D. lex 3d 50 mi. to 1 in. 27 mi. to 1 in. 27 mi. to 1 in. 27 mi. to 1 in. 27 mi. to 1 in. 27 mi. to 1 in. 20 mi. to 1 in. 50 mi. to 1 in. 3 mi. to 1 in. 366,255 366,255 366,255 366,255 366,255 366,255 366,255 11,000 In Course of Preparation. 1. Southerly Vancouver Island, standard edition.. 2. Lillooet Pre-emptors' Map 3. Hope-Princeton Degree Sheet, topographic 2A 3k 4Q 4 mi. to 1 in. 3 mi. to 1 in. 2 mi. to 1 in. 16,000 11,700 3,100 Geographic Board of Canada, Naming and Recording. Map-sheets, namings reviewed Recommendations to Geographic Board.. New names recorded 1937. . 13 . 512 . 325 Geographical Work for other Departments. 48 items, receipts and value of work Map Stock and Distribution. Maps and Gazetteers issued to departments and public. Maps received into Geographic stock_ Total value of printed maps and Gazetteers issued.. Revenue from printed maps and Gazetteers Photostat. Total number of photostats made- Revenue from departments and public Value of photostats for Lands Department, etc. Letters. Letters received and attended to.. $1,169.07 16,846 44,761 $5,822.53 $3,184.33 2,821 $822.72 $1,628.10 . 2,190 Standard Base Map. Bulkley Pre-emptors' sheet, sheets compiled Southerly Vancouver Island sheet, sheets compiled. Hope-Princeton Degree sheet, sheets compiled Department of the Interior sheets, Fraser Valley, compiled- School districts, plotted from description Control nets supplied 1 3 2 3 24 45 Triangulation. Main, by least-square adjustment, triangles adjusted- Secondary, by rectangular co-ordinates, stations Index cards, records Triangulation index maps Plan of triangulation, vicinity Big Bend, J. drawn 16 597 660 11 Elliott, 1930 season, sheet APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. Y 23 Table D.—List of Lithographed Maps. Map No. Year of Issue. Title of Map. Scale, Miles, etc. Per Copy. Per Dozen. IA lA 1933 1933 1937 lEM 1930 1G 1916 IH 1933 IJ 1937 1JCA 1923 1J0 1937 1JD 1937 1JE 1937 ljGL 1937 1JG0 1937 IK 1925 1L 1929 f2A 1938 2B 1914 2C 1929 2d 1923 2b 1924 2f 1927 3a 1930 3b 1926 3c 1923 3d 1937 3e 1928 3p 1934 3g 1935 3h 1931 3j 1932 t3K • 1938 3m 1929 3p 1924 3q 1936 4a 1927 4g 1936 4d 1913 4e 1925 4f 1913 4g 1914 4H 1926 4j 1921 4k 1923 4l 1926 4m 1927 4n 1930 4p 1931 t4Q 1938 Ba 1916 5b 1929 1929 5G 1929 1930 MRMl 1927 mkm2 1928 mrm3 1928 MRM4 1929 MRM5 1929 mrm6 1932 mrm7 1934 mrm8 1935 pwd 1937 md 1937 9 1907 5 1898 2 1896 Geographic Series— Wall Map of British Columbia. In four sheets. Roads, trails, railways, etc. Wall Map of British Columbia. In four sheets. Roads, trails, railways, etc. Special edition showing Electoral Districts, Redistribution 1932, with 1934 Amendment British Columbia. In one sheet. Showing Land Recording Districts Kootenay, Osoyoos, and Similkameen Cariboo and adjacent Districts. Northern British Columbia, Special Mineralogical Data.. British Columbia. In one sheet. Showing rivers, railways, main roads, trails, parks, distance charts, etc Ditto ditto and precipitation — Ditto ditto and Land Recording Districts Ditto ditto and Mining Divisions Ditto ditto and Assessment and Collection Districts- Ditto ditto and Land Registration Districts Ditto ditto and Counties South Western Districts of B.C., Commercial and Visitors. (Economic Tables, etc., 1929.) Central Districts of B.C., Commercial and Visitors Land Series— Southerly Vancouver Island New Westminster and Yale Districts Northerly Vancouver Island Powell Lake .— Bella Coola (preliminary) Queen Charlotte Islands, Economic Geography (preliminary). Pre-emptors' Series— Fort George . Nechako Stuart Lake _ Bulkley Valley _ Peace River (reissue 1930) Chilcotin _ Quesnel (contoured) Tete Jaune - North Thompson Lillooet Prince Rupert Grenville Channel (preliminary) Peace River Block Degree Series— Rossland Sheet (contoured) Cranbrook Sheet . Fernie Sheet — Upper Elk River Sheet — _ Duncan River Sheet _ Windermere Sheet _ Arrowhead Sheet Vernon Sheet (contoured) Kettle Valley (contoured) _ East Lillooet, Economic Geography (contoured) — Nicola Lake (contoured) Penticton (contoured) — Lower Fraser Valley (preliminary) Hope-Princeton (contoured) Topographical Series— Omineca and Finlay River Basins, Sketch-map of - Howe Sound-Burrard Inlet (contoured), South sheet (special) Howe Sound-Burrard Inlet (contoured), North sheet (special) Stikine River (contoured) GEOGRAPHICAL GAZETTEER OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Mineral Reference Maps—Printed. Slocan and Ainsworth Trout Lake Lardeau River Nelson-Ymir Rossland-Ymir Grand Forks-Greenwood Greenwood and Osoyoos Barkerville and Lightning Creek Miscellaneous— Highway and Travel Map of B.C. B.C. Mining Divisions and Mineral Survey Districts Northern Interior. (A. G. Morice) Kootenay District, East, Triangulation Survey of Kootenay District, West, Portion of 1: 1,000,000 15.78 m. to 1 1: 1,000,000 15.78 m. to 1 " 50 m. to 1 7.89 m. to 1 7.89 m. to 1 1: 1,000,000 15.78 m. to 1 27 m. to 1 31.53 m. to 1 27 m. to 1 27 m. to 1 27 m. to 1 27 m. to 1 27 m. to 1 7.89 m. to 1 15.78 m. to 1 4 m. to 1 4 m. to 1 4 m. to 1 4 m. to 1 4 m. to 1 4 m. to 1 3 m. 3 m. 3 m. 3 m. 4 m. 3 m. 3 m. 3 m. 3 m. 3 m. 3 m. 3 m. 4 m. to 1 tol tol tol to 1 tol to 1 to 1 to 1 to 1 to 1 tol to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 2 m. to 1 5 m. to 1 % m. to 1 y2 m. to 1 5 m. to 1 n. 1 m. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. lm. tol in. 1 m. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. 20 m. to 1 in. 50 m. to 1 in. 10 m. to 1 in. 6,000 ft. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. $1.50 2.00 Free .50 .60 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 ■ 15 .75 .75 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .60 S.SS ■JHa fi S .50 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .25 .60 .50 .60 2.00 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .60 .60 .35 Free .10 .10 .10 $14.00 20.00 1.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 18.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.50 On ap. .50 .50 .60 t In course of compilation. Note.—To avoid misunderstanding, applicants for maps are requested to state the " Map Number " of map desired. We can supply information concerning maps of British Columbia printed and published at Ottawa by the Canadian Geological Survey, or the Dominion Department of the Interior, etc., etc. Unless otherwise requested, maps will be sent folded. Inquiries for printed maps—Address:— Chief Geographer, Department of Lands, Victoria, B.C. 3rd January, 1938. Y 24 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. By R. D. McCaw. Victoria, B.C., December 31st, 1937. F. C. Green, Esq., Surveyor-General, Victoria, B.C. SIR,—Under date of June 25th you issued instructions to me to carry out control surveys for the purpose of mapping from air-photographs that area on the west coast of Vancouver Island extending between existing National Defence Sheets near Jordan River and the neighbourhood of Port San Juan. I herewith present my report upon this work, as carried out during the past season. Special stress was to be laid on the area west of the E. & N. Boundary, but as it was intended later to extend map-work eastward, areas there within reach should be included where expense could be ultimately saved. Only a small portion of the area had been flown by the R.C.A.F., but it was expected the remaining area would be covered during the summer. Before going into the field all possible information on file with the Government bearing on the area was examined, including triangulation data of the Hydrographic Survey, traverses of the National Defence Department near Jordan River, and land and timber surveys. Some information was also obtained from the B.C. Electric Railway Company relative to their power surveys on the Jordan River and Loss Creek. Actual field-work was commenced on July 2nd, near Jordan River. Much of the area to be covered was on an easy undulating slope falling to the strait. This feature, together with the heavy forest cover, made it impossible near the coast to connect with the triangulation system to the east. In this portion, therefore, the National Defence traverses and stations of the Hydrographic Survey triangulation were used for control, and as the datum for these surveys was identical with that used for the triangulation net being projected by Mr. F. C. Swannell, B.C.L.S., from the east, no doubt was held as to the ultimate fit between these two systems. In the vicinity of Jordan River, ground photographic stations were occupied where feasible and some control traverse run. Signals were also placed on Valentine and Muir Mountains. The former was connected with the triangulation net by Mr. Swannell. We left the Jordan River area for the time being and went to Port Renfrew on July 21st, and for the six weeks following were working in the San Juan River Valley, as far east as the E. & N. Boundary. A main camp was located by the river about 5 miles up from Port Renfrew and from this point fly-camps were run in all directions—by back-pack, boat, and logging-railway—to reach necessary photographic stations. Mr. A. J. Campbell, B.C.L.S., who was working to the north had agreed with me on a tentative boundary between our areas north of the San Juan River. This limit followed the ridge between the Gordon River and Renfrew and Harris Creeks. Early in September we moved back to Jordan River, locating a base camp at the Diversion Dam of the B.C. Electric Railway Company. Fly-camps were back-packed from here to reach stations between the head of Loss Creek and the San Juan River. An extended trip was made over the trail to Jordan Meadows, then to the Koksilah trail and westerly to the San Juan River. From fly-camps along this route the following stations were occupied for ground photography: Muir, Valentine, Baldy, and Todd. Considerable difficulty was experienced owing to fog, and smoke from slash being burnt to the south, and in the case of Valentine and Muir some of the information is poor. The last base camp of the season was at the end of the existing grade of the West Coast Road, about 6 miles west of Jordan River. A camp was back-packed to Loss Creek, and about a week spent there getting information for vertical control of air views. ' Connections were made between B.C. Electric surveys at Loss Creek and the West Coast Road location done this year, which in turn was connected with Hydrographic Survey stations along the coast-line. Much barometric information was obtained for vertical control from Jordan River west. The field season was concluded about the middle of October and the party paid off. Later on it was found necessary to make two trips to the Jordan River area for the purpose of making further connection between National Defence monuments, Hydrographic Survey stations, and stations of the International Boundary Commission. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. Y 25 The San Juan River is the main stream in the area done. The valley is a comparatively deep one and quite wide in the lower stretches. The fall is very gradual, the elevation at the E. & N. Boundary some 12 miles up being about 125 feet above mean sea-level. A little farming is being done near Port Renfrew. Much of the bottom-land is of good agricultural quality, but heavy clearing and difficulty of transportation to the outside have probably helped to keep it from development. At Port Renfrew there is an hotel, a store, and shingle-mill. Regular call is made by the C.P.R. west coast steamship. A local road system connects with near-by points in the lower valley. The one desire of all residents in the locality is to have highway connection with Victoria. Two logging companies are working in the valley. Messrs. Hemmingsen and Cameron were this summer operating in the vicinity of Harris Creek on the north side of the river, and were projecting their logging-railway still farther up Harris Creek. The Malahat Logging Company is building a railway on the south side of the river from salt water to their holdings in the E. & N. Block. Both of these companies allowed us the help of their railways for moving camp, for which we were very thankful. The Jordan River, next in size, is more familiar to us as being the site of the power plant of the B.C. Electric Railway Company, and reached by road from Victoria. The West Coast Road as at present constructed, extends about 6 miles beyond the Jordan River. The powerhouse of the B.C. Electric Railway is situated east of the river and not far from its mouth. The main reservoir is about 7 miles up the river and a huge concrete dam (Diversion Dam) directs the water into a large wooden flume which carries it down about 5 miles to the Forebay Reservoir. From here huge pipe-lines, one above ground and others buried, carry the water down to the power-house. A narrow-gauge railway extends from the Forebay to Diversion Dam, and we are much indebted to the Company for the privilege of using this railway for transportation when required. The Island Logging Company was in operation all summer and was extending new logging-roads farther back. Other companies were working to the east. From Jordan River east and adjacent to the salt water, the timber is logged off. There are two main streams between the Jordan and San Juan Rivers—namely, Loss Creek and the Sombrio River. The former is being investigated for power by the B.C. Electric. The Sombrio (a Spanish name) was the scene of hydraulic operations by the Spaniards over a century ago, who, it is alleged, washed out considerable placer gold. Placer operations in late years fail to find much value, however. A horse-packing trail was constructed from the present end of the West Coast Road to Port Renfrew some years ago. In its present state it is not passable for horses for the whole distance. This is the only land transportation route to Port Renfrew. The distance by trail from the end of the road is abeut 19 miles. Except for a few prospects no mining was being done within the area. Two copper properties, the Sunloch Mines and the Gabbro Copper Company's mine, are located on the Jordan River, but they have been quiet for some time. The first air views from this season's flying were received early in September. Others were added later in the season. Unfortunately, the fliers were unable to complete entirely the flights this season, so that there is a portion of the area that cannot be mapped at present. Just what this area will amount to in square miles cannot be given at this stage of the work. The entire coverage contemplated for the season from ground work in the field was about 350 square miles. Atmospheric conditions were often very poor. As is usual in this west-coast area, fog is the cause of much delay, and this year was no exception. The weather was not unduly wet. July was dry; with the exception of a few showers there was no rain. August made up for this with some heavy rainfall. Early September was fine and the latter part wet, this weather running into October. Smoke from forest fires became a nuisance early in September, and later slash fires sent volumes of smoke into our area, causing much trouble. Black bears are common throughout the district, and wolves are said to exist, although none were seen. There are a few deer and indications of elk were observed. Trout abound in the streams. Blue grouse were seen near Jordan River and a few willow grouse here and there throughout the area. The map-work is now being proceeded with on a scale of 2 inches to 1 mile, intended for ultimate reproduction on a scale of 1 mile to 1 inch. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have, etc., R. D. McCaw, B.C.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. By A. J. Campbell. Victoria, B.C., December 31st, 1937. F. C. Green, Esq., Surveyor-General, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I herewith present my report on the topographical control surveys carried out during the past season. Your instructions, dated June 25th, described the area to be covered as lying north of Port San Juan toward Nitinat Lake and Barkley Sound, on the westerly- coast of Vancouver Island, and extending easterly to the westerly boundary of the E. & N. Railway Land Grant, and beyond, if conditions were favourable. With the exception of a strip along the coast the area had not been photographed from the air, but during the season the remaining portion was covered by the R.C.A.F. with vertical aerial views. The object of the survey was to secure sufficient control to permit the use of these photographs for the preparation of a map to be published on the scale of 1 mile to" 1 inch with contour lines at 100-foot intervals. All possible information on file with the Government was examined before going into the field and anything essential to the carrying-out of the work was noted. This included triangulation data of the International Boundary Survey and other triangulation surveys along the coast, data of the timber limit surveys, which practically covered the area, and certain information of the triangulation stations established by the Geodetic and Geological Survey of Canada, east of the E. & N. Railway Land Grant Boundary. For triangulation control Mr. F. C. Swannell, B.C.L.S., produced a system from the Geological Stations Whymper and Towincut, and these were tied with two main stations established and occupied by us. Our other stations were all tied in with these. The triangulation was also cut in with Tatoosh Lighthouse, off Cape Flattery, on the American side, as a further check on the triangulation, as the position of this lighthouse is known. The field party consisted of Mr. R. D. Fraser and Mr. H. E. Whyte, B.C. Land Surveyor, as assistants, and five men. Work was commenced in the field on July 2nd and the party was disbanded on October 8th. Three expeditions out from Victoria were made later to reach camera stations considered as vital to the work. Two of them were unsuccessful on account of weather conditions, and it was not until December 1st the stations were occupied. It had been arranged with R. D. McCaw, B.C.L.S., who was to carry on similar work southerly from San Juan Bay, that the boundary between our areas, easterly from the bay, would be the divide between the waters of the San Juan and Gordon Rivers. Hence our first operations were confined to the vicinity of San Juan Bay and the Gordon River Valley. The old trail to the iron claims up the Gordon River and Bugaboo Creek, which fifteen or twenty years ago was a wide-open graded horse-trail, has been almost completely obliterated, particularly in the lower 4 miles. So it was necessary to open out a new trail, in part, and clean out the old to make a passable route. Due to the heavy brush and numerous windfalls, on several climbs we had to open out a trail for some distance up the slopes, otherwise there would not have been sufficient time on the summits for our work. This is very aptly expressed in a report of the Geological Survey which says: " The heavy rainfall for seven or eight months in the year, accompanied by prevailing high winds, has given rise to a very dense barricade of underbrush and an abundance of fallen timber, which makes geological investigation wholly secondary to the problem of progression." This had been expected, as also that great difficulty in finding points from which photographs covering the country could be TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. Y 27 taken on account of the low altitude of the mountains and the timber-covered tops. Fortunately, this is not the case, and it was possible to locate stations that did not require a prohibitive amount of clearing. The same condition held for the mountains around Nitinat Lake and, with the exception of Carmanah Mountain, which had been chosen as a main triangulation station and required a large amount of clearing to make it one, stations were occupied that covered the area in a satisfactory manner. The coast-line from San Juan Bay to the Nitinat was travelled for the purpose of locating certain established triangulation points and other points on the aerial pictures for horizontal control. Extra points, where considered necessary for this purpose, were established in position by triangulation, using Tatoosh Light and one or other of the fixed points along the coast-line. For the purpose of establishing definite horizontal control on Nitinat Lake a skeleton triangulation was laid out and tied to the main system. The main triangulation stations—Edinburgh and Carmanah—and also several other stations were marked with brass bolts fixed in solid rock. Other stations, where it was considered they would be of future use, were marked with the %-inch B.C.L.S. bars. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The area is mountainous, the highest having an average altitude of 3,500 feet. The mountains are all timbered and very few rock knolls or bluffs can be seen from the summits. The valleys of the streams are generally narrow, and often the streams run through rocky canyons. This is especially true of the Gordon River. The coast-line from San Juan Harbour, as far north as Walbran Creek, is rocky with bluffs rising to about 100 feet. Below these cliffs, uncovered at low tide, is a fiat rocky beach which, for the most part, can be readily travelled. From Walbran Creek to Clo-oose there are several long stretches of sand and gravel beaches and the shore-line is less precipitous. The streams along this part reach the shore through deep narrow valleys which break the long slopes running back to the first range of mountains. The only flat stretches noted lie at the deltas of the main streams, the Gordon and San Juan Rivers, the Nitinat River above the lake, and for some miles up the Nitinat Valley. There is also an area of low land, or rather land covered only with small hills, lying between the lower part of Nitinat Lake and the Chee-what Lake and River, and for some distance farther along the coast. A section of this along the coast adjoining the Clo-oose Indian Reserve was subdivided into small lots about twenty-five years ago, and a number were sold, some of which are still occupied. FOREST. With the exception of small areas in the more rugged parts the whole area is covered by timber limits. The forest growth is very heavy and the main species found are cedar, fir, hemlock, spruce, and balsam. There are no burnt-over areas except for a small section on the slopes of Edinburgh Mountain, which was burnt approximately forty years ago and is now covered with thick, small second-gi'owth, of hemlock generally. Only very small parts have been logged, except in areas adjacent to Cowichan Lake. The logging near Cowichan Lake extends only slightly outside the E. & N. Railway Grant. Other logging is being carried on around the San Juan River Valley and at the head of Nitinat Lake. It is necessary here to make the logs into rafts and tow them down the coast to the mills. In Nitinat Lake the mile-long river at its mouth has a reversible current, flowing in with a rising tide and out with a falling. It is a very tricky business taking rafts out to the open sea through this narrow channel and must be done at the correct stage of the tide. This particular piece of water received the attention of the Hydrographic Survey this year, possibly with the idea of widening and straightening it. MINERALS. A complete summary and description of the known iron-ore deposits on the west coast of Vancouver Island is contained in a book published by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1926, under the title " The Iron Ores of Canada, Volume 1, British Columbia and Yukon." Included in this are the claims on Bugaboo Creek and the Gordon River. There has been no further development on these claims since this report was issued and, in the words of one geologist in a recent newspaper, the possibility of any development in iron deposits is very remote. The geology of the central part of the area has not been thoroughly explored and further investigation is likely, due to the increased interest in the Island. CLIMATE. The annual rainfall is heavy but most of it falls during the winter months. It is believed that the latter part of July and the month of August are generally foggy, but this year July was quite favourable for our work as, also, were parts of August. Some very heavy rains fell around the middle of that month. The weather in September was generally good, but our work was hindered by the smoke from slash-burning in the logged areas. From the weather standpoint it would appear that this sort of work on Vancouver Island could be commenced earlier in the season to great advantage, except, of course, in the higher areas, where the late-lying snow makes this inadvisable. FISHING. Fishing is the mainstay of the majority of the settlers and, during the season, many seine-boats are operating along the coast and inlets. As many as twenty-five were noted at one time in Nitinat Lake, which is a comparatively small body of water. It is reported that the salmon-run was not heavy this year. Trout are understood to be plentiful in some of the streams. GAME. It cannot be described as a good game country. No deer were seen and, from this and other years' experience on the island, it would appear that the deer congregate in and around the old logged areas. The only deer tracks seen this season were on logged ground in Nixon Creek. Black bear are reported to be common and their tracks were noted on several occasions, but few were seen. Grouse are present and to be found everywhere, but are not plentiful. ACCESSIBILITY. On the west coast entry may be made into this area at Port Renfrew and Clo-oose. From Port Renfrew the Gordon and San Juan Valleys can be reached, while Clo-oose is the point from which Nitinat Lake is reached if travelling by the regular steamer. At Clo-oose a boat-landing is necessary. Nitinat Lake is also accessible from Cowichan Lake by using a trail around 15 miles long, which has been kept open by the Forest Branch. Logging-railways up Nixon Creek from Cowichan Lake, and also up Sutton Creek to near the head of the Gordon River, provide access into or close to the area on the easterly side. The Government telegraph, from Port Renfrew, follows the coast-line northerly to Clo-oose and on to Port Alberni, and for the maintenance of this line a trail is kept open by the lineman. With the exception of some short trails, or rather sidewalks around Clo-oose, these are the only trails in the district. The trails cut out by the party and the trappers' trails can only be classed as temporary as, due to the extremely rapid growth of underbrush and the windfalls, such trails will be obliterated in a few years' time. Any one coming into the country and intending to follow these trails must be prepared to open them out, as otherwise it will be almost an impossibility to get through, especially with packs. An hotel, store, and post-office at Port Renfrew serve the needs of the loggers, fishermen, and settlers around San Juan Bay, while Brown's Bay, on Nitinat Lake, is the site of a store and gas-float serving that section. The post-office is at Clo-oose. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have, etc., A. J. Campbell, B.C.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. Y 29 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. By N. C. Stewart. Victoria, B.C., December 31st, 1937. F. C. Green, Esq., Surveyor-General, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the following report on the topographical survey carried out under your instructions of June 25th, 1937:— The area controlled is situated in Strathcona Park, south of latitude 49° 45', extending westerly from Buttle Lake to the summit of its watershed and southerly to the south boundary of Strathcona Park, in the vicinity of Great Central Lake. This has an area of approximately 320 square miles, and will be mapped at a scale of 1 mile to 1 inch, with a contour interval of 100 feet. The field party consisted of W. J. Moffatt, B.C.L.S., assistant; A. G. Slocomb, instrument- man; and six men. Mr. J. R. C. Hewett, B.C.L.S., joined the party during August, while Mr. Moffatt was in hospital for an operation for appendicitis. The field-work was commenced on June 25th and ended October 15th. We were supplied with air-photographs of a portion of the area, these were taken by the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1931. It was intended to photograph the remainder of the area during the summer, but owing to unfavourable weather conditions this work was not completed. On account of the mountainous nature of the country, the control was obtained solely by triangulation and ground photography. Access to the area was by trail from Upper Campbell Lake to Buttle Lake (8 miles) and also by trail from Great Central Lake up Drinkwater Creek to Delia Falls (10 miles). Main camps were established on Buttle Lake at the mouths of Phillips and Price Creeks, and afterwards on Great Central Lake near the mouth of Drinkwater Creek. We blazed a route up Phillips Creek, crossing the ridge to the headwaters of the Wolf River, establishing an advance camp on the slopes of the Rooster's Comb, the highest mountain on Vancouver Island, the first recorded ascent being made on July 21st. Similarly a route was blazed up the Thelwood Valley, camp being established on Upper Thelwood Lake; Mo-ye-ho Mountain and Taylor Glacier and several other peaks being reached from this camp. We also followed an old trail up Price Creek a short distance, then continued up Price Creek to the creek out of Cream Lake, ascending the cliffs to Cream Lake; thence down into the upper reaches of Drinkwater Creek, following down its rocky bed about 2 miles to connect with the Drinkwater trail near the bottom of Delia Falls. This route between Buttle and Great Central Lakes is very difficult; hence the main camp was moved around via Upper Campbell Lake and road. From the foot of Delia Falls we climbed the trail up to Delia Lake, this bit of trail being almost vertical for about one-half mile. Fortunately, in the dangerous spots ropes and wire cables have been placed—but even so, when one is heavily loaded considerable difficulty is encountered. From Delia Lake, Big Interior and " Nine Peaks " Mountains were climbed. During the season, angles were read at Mount Albert Edward, Mount McBride, Mount Big Interior, and Mount Joan; these are main triangulation stations. PHYSICAL FEATURES. The area is entirely mountainous. In the northerly portion the mountains rise sheer from the north and south trench containing Buttle Lake (altitude 710 feet) to mountain ridges attaining a height of 6,868 feet at Mount Albert Edward to the east and to 7,220 feet in the. Rooster's Comb to the west. South of these mountains the crests are a little lower, culminating in an east and west range that connects Big Interior Mountain (altitude 6,107 feet) with the mountains in vicinity of Comox Glacier; thence there is a decided drop to Great Central Lake (altitude 270 feet). Other outstanding peaks in the area are Mounts McBride (6,829 feet), Myra (5,932 feet), "Nine Peaks," and "Seven Peaks." Prominent snow- and ice-fields are located on the slopes of Mount McBride, Rooster's Comb, Mount Myra, Taylor Glacier, Moyeha, Big Interior, " Nine Peaks," and " Seven Peaks." The greater portion of the area mapped drains into Buttle Lake, and thence into the Campbell River system, the largest streams being the Wolf River, Phillips, Myra, Thelwood, Price, and Henshaw Creeks. Rising in this section and flowing into the west coast we find the headwaters of the Ucona, Burman, Moyeha, and Bedwell Rivers, while in the southern portion there is a southerly and easterly drainage into Great Central Lake and the Ash River. All streams are very rapid, their waters swirling over huge boulders, cascading over waterfalls, and boiling through innumerable canyons. Besides the large lakes—Buttle and Great Central—there are a great many others, mostly alpine lakes, whose waters are of different colours, such as Cream Lake, the cream colour being due to the silt of a glacier working through limestone-beds on the north-west face of " Seven Peaks." Delia Lake has the usual water colour, while a beautiful lake about 1 mile south-east is blue-green, deriving its water from the glacier on Nine Peaks Mountain. A plateau country between the headwaters of Wolf and Burman Rivers contains a great number of lakes, providing a very attractive scene from the peaks which we climbed there during the course of our work. As already mentioned, there are numerous waterfalls on every stream, but those outstanding in beauty are Myra Falls, which are quite near Buttle Lake; Delia Falls with its almost clear drop of over 1,500 feet; another falls from the blue-green lake already mentioned; and a beautiful fa'n-shaped falls on the tributary of the Ash River that flows out of the Cliffe snow-field and Tzela Lake. FOREST. There is a considerable quantity of merchantable timber, some of which has now reached maturity. The fan-shaped alluvial points along Buttle Lake and all the valley-bottoms of the larger streams running into it are heavily timbered, with Douglas fir, hemlock, and red cedar predominating. Likewise the lower valleys of the Ash and Drinkwater contain much timber. Other varieties found include balsam, white pine, yellow cedar, cottonwood, alder, maple, and yew trees. The merchantable timber grows to an approximate altitude of 3,000 feet, the forest-growth above that altitude becomes stunted, timber-line being reached about 4,500 feet above sea-level. In the forests there is the usual undergrowth of huckleberry, devij's-club, and salal. Wild flowers are abundant and very beautiful, especially at timber- line. Along Buttle Lake dogwoods and arbutus add to the beauty of its shores. MINERALS. A mineralized zone extends from the southerly slopes of Phillips Creek, across Myra, Price, and Thelwood Valleys to the Big Interior Basin and Delia Lake country. The geology of this section is given by Dr. H. C. Gunning in his 1930 report, and in the reports of the Minister of Mines in 1906 and 1916. In addition to the areas covered in these reports, mineralization was noted on a ridge between Margaret Lake and the headwaters of the Ash River, copper and iron stains being seen in several places. Many remarkable outcrops of limestone and marble occur throughout the area west of Buttle Lake and south of the north branch of Wolf River, the largest being on Marble Creek, and along the south branch of Wolf River. These limestone-beds contain countless fossils, which, according to Dr. Gunning's report, date back to the Permian age. Similar fossils were found in the marble and limestones on the slopes of " Seven Peaks " near Cream Lake. Samples of talc and magnetite were taken from the ridge between Phillips Creek and the Burman River. CLIMATE. The weather during July was very favourable, but during August there was an abnormal quantity of rain, so little progress was made during that month. September was about average, the first fall of snow appearing on the mountain tops on September 28th. .There was very fine weather in October, but smoke from forest fires hindered our work during the last two weeks of the field season. We noted that the small yellow violets bloomed a second time in October. During the winter of 1936-37 there was an unusually large snowfall, a great quantity persisting on the northerly slopes of the mountains during the summer; thus, looking southerly in July, one saw a wintry-looking terrain. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. Y 31 GAME. The best sport in this area is the trout-fishing in Buttle Lake and its tributaries. The fish are plentiful and full of fight, some large ones are caught. Quite a number of black bear were seen, but not many deer. There are fresh signs of elk, but these animals are very elusive, for none were seen. Eleven cougar were bagged by one trapper on Buttle Lake, and several others were taken north of Great Central Lake during the past winter. Wolves are reported in this vicinity. Signs of beaver, mink, marten, and other fur-bearing animals proved their presence, but these animals are not plentiful. Blue grouse and ptarmigan are almost the only game birds found, but a few ducks and geese were seen on alpine lakes. Many eagles, hawks, and owls frequent timber-line, and in Buttle Lake there are loons. ACCESSIBILITY. The present means of access have already been mentioned, and are very inadequate, considering the many resources and scenic attractions of the area. Shortly after this section was set aside for park purposes, a start at development was made. A road was surveyed from Forbes Landing to Buttle Lake, trails were built to Buttle Lake and up the Elk River, buildings being erected at each end of Buttle Lake and at Lady Falls in the Elk Valley. The construction of a trail to join Buttle with Great Central Lake was commenced from each end but never completed. The route chosen for this trail was up Price Creek to its head; thence to Margaret Lake, following down the creek out of that lake to meet the Drinkwater trail about 2 miles from Great Central Lake, the distance is over 19 miles. The route up Price Creek is very difficult, owing to brushy snowslide paths. I believe an alternate route was considered by using the top of the ridge between Price and Henshaw Creeks, for stakes of the old survey were found there. After exploring both routes we considered the ridge route much the better of the two, for a comparatively easy ascent from Buttle Lake to timber-line is followed by a wonderfully scenic route along the ridge for several miles, to a point only a few hundred feet above the pass to Margaret Lake. In our endeavours to get to the Drinkwater trail we tried to find a way from the Thelwood Valley to the headwaters of the Drinkwater, but found the going very tough and almost as long as the other route. As neither of these routes was convenient for our work, we took a middle course via Cream Lake, as already mentioned, but wish to warn inexperienced climbers that our trail is very arduous and dangerous in places. It has the advantage, however, of being probably the shortest way between the existing trails. There are man-pack trails up Wolf River, Phillips and Thelwood Creeks, the latter trail I believe leads to the west coast. A good trail suitable for horses goes up Myra Creek to the mines, about 2% miles from Buttle Lake. There is also a route occasionally travelled from the Forbidden Plateau, over the shoulders of Mount Albert Edward, down the Ralph River to Buttle Lake. DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCES. There is no active development-work being performed in this portion of Strathcona Park. The remnants of the former mining activity are not extensive, probably indicating that these mines did not prove to be of sufficiently high grade to warrant further development up to the present time. The forest in the Buttle Lake area of the park is being preserved as a tourist attraction, but the whistles of the high-lead engines can now be heard within a short distance of the lower end of Buttle Lake, and it may be presumed that that end of the lake will be logged off before long as the timber there is privately owned. I consider that the mineral and timber wealth in the park are very great, but these will be surpassed by the tourist possibilities, when the scenic and sport attractions are developed and made easily accessible. I have, etc., N. C. Stewart, B.C.L.S. Y 32 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. By G. J. Jackson. Victoria, B.C., December 31st, 1937. F. C. Green, Esq., Surveyor-General, Victoria, B.C. SIR,—I have the honour to submit the following report on the topographical survey made by me, under your instructions, during the past summer:— The area completed is on Vancouver Island, and consists of all the Island, lying west of the 128° meridian, that has not already been mapped. The area has all been covered by vertical aerial views, taken by the Royal Canadian Air Force. The triangulation was controlled by stations of the British Columbia triangulation system. Elevations were obtained from sea-level. The party of seven was organized at Victoria, and arrived at Holberg on July 1st, where work was commenced. The main camp was moved along the Holberg-San Josef Road and trail, the first 8 miles by car, the remainder by horse and sled and back-packing to the San Josef River; then by rowboat, for the last 2 miles, to the mouth of the river. The hills on each side of the road were reached by fly-camps. From San Josef we were able to use a launch to reach Sea Otter Cove, Raft Cove, and Leeson Harbour, and also to move the main camp to the head of Goose Harbour. From here we moved to Fisherman's Bay by horse and wagon; there, again, we used a launch to reach stations along the north coast and to move down to Shushartie at the end of the season, where we caught the boat for Victoria on September 26th. There are only two bare hills in the area. The rest are heavily timbered; these, when possible at all for stations, required a lot of clearing, and even then a number of stations had to be located high up in trees. Horizontal control by our views was supplemented by points obtained by traverse and along the coast by ship's triangulation stations of the Hydrographic Survey. Vertical control in some sections was obtained by barometer readings, where it could not be covered by views. During the season twenty-one camera stations and three triangulation stations were occupied, 33 miles of traverse run, eighteen land-ties made, and many barometer readings were taken. A large percentage of days were lost on account of rain and fog. There are five main river valleys in the area. Spruce River flows into the head of Holberg Inlet from the north. Cache Creek flows north into Queen Charlotte Sound; while Fisherman's, San Josef, and the Macjack Rivers flow westward into the Pacific Ocean. There are several small lakes in each of the watersheds of the Macjack and the San Josef Rivers. Lake William and Lake Brink, at the head of Fisherman's River, are about 3 miles in their combined length. Lake Erie, just north of San Josef Bay is over 1 mile long. The whole country is comparatively low, only a few hills south of the San Josef River reaching 2,000 feet, while north of it the hills are less than 1,500 feet high, and around Cape Scott less than 1,000 feet. Much of the country is swampy and very wet, even in summer. It is all timbered, mostly with hemlock, balsam, black pine, and yellow cedar, with red cedar and spruce in some places. On the swampy ground the timber is mostly scrubby, but on the hillsides and drier ground the original timber was better. But large areas of this were blown down in 1907 and are now covered with a dense growth of reproduction 20 to 30 feet high. These areas are now nearly impassable, as the fallen logs are still solid and interlaced with brush and second-growth. There is a dense growth of salal and salmon-berry throughout the whole area. There has been little settlement in the Macjack Valley, but the San Josef Valley and the country north of it has, for the most part, been taken up by pre-emption and Crown-granted. Cabins and small clearings were made on each pre-emption and about 1912 there were several hundred settlers in the country. With the exception of a very few, these settlers have left, the clearings have grown up with brush and the cabins, in many cases, have fallen down. Good crops can be grown where the soil is suitable, as proved by the growth in the few fields and garden-patches now in existence. Clearing and draining is expensive and the land requires constant care to keep down the encroachment of the brush. Markets are limited TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. Y 33 and it is not easy to get produce to them. Most of the settlers help out their living by fishing, trapping, and any work they can pick up. There are now no schools or churches in the area and only one small store at Holberg and another at San Josef. There are three post-offices, one at Holberg with a weekly mail, one at Cape Scott with a bi-monthly mail, and one at San Josef with a monthly mail. A road has been surveyed from Holberg to Fisherman's Bay. Of this, the first 8 miles from Holberg have been constructed and kept in good shape, so that it can be used by car. The last few miles from Fisherman's River to Fisherman's Bay can be used by team and wagon, as can also a branch road into the head of Goose Harbour. The remainder is only a trail. There is a connecting trail to San Josef Bay, also one from San Josef to Lake Erie. Between Fisherman's Bay and Cache Creek there is a trail which is partly cleared road in places, narrow trail in others, and only the beach at other spots. At one time there were many trails leading into the different cabins, but these are now badly filled in with brush and logs and most of the bridges have fallen down. The Macjack and San Josef Rivers can be used by small boats, at high tide, for a couple of miles from the mouth. The Government telephone-line to Shushartie follows the road and trail from Holberg to Cache Creek, with telephones at Holberg, San Josef, Cape Scott, and Cache Creek. Few signs of minerals have, as yet, been found in the area. The only active property is the Millington group of claims, situated about 3% miles up the valley from Holberg, and owned by Spooner Brothers, of Holberg, and associates. This is a copper property, the ore being bornite, on which considerable tunnelling has been done and some diamond-drilling. At present it is a poor game country. There are a number of black bears throughout the area, but deer have practically disappeared, although they were very plentiful a few years ago. Grouse are scarce, but a few geese nest in the area, and both geese and ducks are plentiful in the fall and winter. The chief fur-bearing animals are mink, coon, beaver, and marten, with occasional otters. Most of the fur is trapped on the beaches and fair catches are made most years. Salmon run up all the rivers to spawn and are caught in great numbers by trailers and purse-seiners off the coast. Trout are in all the rivers and lakes. The climate is very even, never getting very cold or very hot. The rainfall is heavy, averaging over 100 inches a year. There is little snowfall on the lower levels. The work on the maps is now in progress and the usual plans are being prepared. I have, etc., G. J. Jackson, B.C.L.S. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. By Frank Swannell. Victoria, B.C., January 14th, 1938. F. C. Green, Esq., Surveyor-General, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—The season's work for 1937, as outlined in your instructions to me of June 25th, was an extension southerly of the Geodetic and Geological Survey triangulation net up the east coast of Vancouver Island across the Island into the triangular-shaped west-coast area bounded on the north by Nitinat Lake, to the north-east by the E. & N. Land Grant Boundary, and to the south by the Strait of San Juan de Fuca. Control surveys were made over this area by Messrs. McCaw and Campbell, of the Photo-topographic Survey, and each of us read the other stations. The establishment of a main station by Mr. Campbell on Edinburgh Mountain and his occupation of a station set by me on Rossander Mountain, near Nitinat Lake, enabled me to extend the triangulation well into their territory. The whole triangulation was based on the geodetic positions supplied for " Whymper " and " Waterloo "—the former on a prominent peak (5,056 feet) 7 miles north of Cowichan Lake; the latter a Y 34 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. Geological Survey Station on a low, burnt mountain north of the Koksilah River. Trigonometrical levels were carried across the Island and down to Port Renfrew by occupying, and including in the main triangulation, the Geological Survey Station on Mount Prevost; the altitude of which was obtained by vertical angulation from the geodetic bench-marks at Somenos and Tyee on the E. & N. Railway. Field operations were commenced at the end of June at Cowichan Lake, and terminated about the middle of October on the San Juan River. Much time was unavoidably expended in the heavy clearing needed at the triangulation stations; while at the latter end of the season fog and rain on the San Juan slope and dense smoke from slash-burning in the Cowichan Lake area combined to make angle reading impossible for several weeks. The whole region embraced in the triangulation is very heavily timbered, except an old burn around Waterloo Mountain and the logged-off areas on Cowichan Lake and the streams feeding it. From Mount Whymper the view southward disclosed an uninterrupted and chaotic welter of high, steep, heavily-wooded hills and ridges, with never an open summit visible except the burnt top of Edinburgh Mountain and a rock-topped hill or two near Nitinat Lake. The two west coast rivers—the San Juan and Gordon—the latter heading almost against Cowichan Lake, are in such deep narrow valleys that their course was difficult to trace. The only gap through the high hill ranges lay to the west where the deep depression in which Cowichan Lake lies continues as a wide heavily-timbered valley to Nitinat Lake. The Nitinat River Valley referred to above is by far the easiest route through to the west coast. An excellent trail runs from Camp 3, 1 mile west of Cowichan Lake, following for miles the old railway grade and the Wilson and Brady logging-road. The distance across to Sorenson's logging camp at the head of Nitinat Lake is 15 miles and the valley is heavily timbered throughout, spruce commencing to displace the fir about half-way across. Two other routes across the Island exist, both ending at Port San Juan. From Rounds, the Lake Logging Company's camp on Gordon River, about 10 miles by logging-railway from Cowichan Lake an old trail runs down the Gordon River, but it is now almost impassable on account of fallen timber, especially at the lower end. The other route is by way of the San Juan River. From Shawnigan Lake a car may be taken to Chisholm's suspension bridge on the Koksilah River. From here a good graded pack-trail starts. The trail forks 6% miles out, the left-hand branch running to Jordan Meadows. The right fork reaches the San Juan River at the mouth of Clapp Creek, 12 miles in all from the end of the Koksilah Road. No trace of a trail could be found below here, so we cut a back-pack trail 8 miles down the San Juan Valley to the mouth of Bear Creek, which shortly will be reached by the Malahat Logging Company's railway from Port Renfrew. This route from Shawnigan Lake could easily be made into a wagon-road, the divide being very low. At the present there is no mining development in this portion of Vancouver Island. Search was vainly made for Todd's Crevice, on the Upper San Juan, from which, rumor has it, a fabulous amount of placer gold was taken by Chas. Todd, leader of an exploring party in 1865. Old mining-tools and location-posts were found about 2 miles above Floodwood Creek, and search in departmental records later showed than twelve claims were staked here in 1878. The old Silver Mine trail, branching off from the end of the Koksilah Road, leads off to an old cabin and tunnel. According to the Minister of Mines' Report for 1880, assays of as high as $100 per ton in gold, silver, and lead were obtained at this prospect. The showing was first discovered in the sixties by a Mr. Robertson, who prospected the Koksilah for gold in 1865, and whose party, incidentally, climbed and named Mount Waterloo. The great and indeed only natural resource of the area under report is the wonderful stand of timber. Around Cowichan Lake fir is the predominant species, and the stand is, or rather was (for it is being rapidly logged off), magnificent. The various logging concerns, by putting in logging-railways, are now operating far back of the lake; in the case of the Lake Logging Company across the Sutton Creek divide on to the Upper Gordon River. The total logged-off area surrounding Cowichan Lake is about 35,000 acres. The cut of last year was 4,300 acres, probably yielding 200,000,000 F.B.M. One company alone, the Industrial Timber Mills, in their sawmill at Youbou cut 90,000,000 feet in 1937. From Port Renfrew the Malahat Logging Company are building a railway up the San Juan to tap their large holdings of fir inside the E. & N. Land Grant. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, VANCOUVER ISLAND. Y 35 The maze of steep ridges and deep narrow valleys between the E. & N. Boundary and the west coast is also heavily timbered. Even on summit ridges of 4,000 feet elevation the hemlock attained 4 feet in diameter and was of great age and extremely slow growth, as evidenced by the closeness together of the annual growth rings. Except for a burnt area on Edinburgh Mountain and another on Waterloo and the Upper Koksilah, which had spread across the San Juan, the entire region has escaped fire. It is interesting, however, to note that William Ralph, who ran the E. & N. Boundary in 1891, states that in the 50 miles of line between the San Juan and Alberni Canal he everywhere found charcoal and charred trees, mute evidence of a fire of some 100 years previous. None of this interior hill country has agricultural possibilities. What little bench land there is on the San Juan above Bear Creek is heavily timbered and the soil light. There are no meadows. June was a very wet month, July quite dry, but during most of August and the latter half of September there was much heavy rain and sea fog which drove up from the Pacific with a westerly wind. We saw very little game of any kind, except a few deer and occasional elk-tracks. Bear are not uncommon. The Upper San Juan River was quite devoid of fish, although the water is crystal clear. Grouse were very scarce, although a few coveys of blue grouse were seen on the high ridges. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have, etc., Frank Swannell, B.C.L.S. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Charles F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1938. 1,126-1038-6063
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PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LANDS AND SURVEY BRANCHES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LANDS… British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1938]
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Title | PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LANDS AND SURVEY BRANCHES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LANDS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST, 1937 HON.A. WELLS GRAY, MINISTER OF LANDS |
Alternate Title | REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1937. |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1938] |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1938_V02_05_Y1_Y35 |
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Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2016 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0307536 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
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