SIXTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 1936-1937 BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Chables F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1937. To His Honour Eric Werge Hamber, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour: I beg respectfully to present the Sixty-sixth Annual Report of the Public Schools of the Province. G. M. WEIR, Minister of Education. December, 1937. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 1936-37. Minister of Education : The Honourable GEORGE M. WEIR. Deputy Minister and Superintendent of Education: S. J. Willis, B.A., LL.D. Assistant Superintendent of Education: D. L. MacLaurin, B.A., Ph.D. Inspectors of High Schools: J. B. DeLong, B.A., Vancouver. A. Sullivan, B.A., Victoria. Inspectors of Elementary and Superior Schools: J. E. Brown, M.A., Cranbrook. A. S. Matheson, B.A., Kelowna. P. G. Calvert, Vancouver. A. F. Matthews, M.A., Kamloops. T. G. Carter, Penticton. A. E. Miller, Revelstoke. E. G. Daniels, B.A., New Westminster. H. McArthur, B.A., Kamloops. H. C. Fraser, M.A., Victoria. H. H. Mackenzie, B.A., Vancouver. *W. G. Gamble, B.A., Prince George. *W. A. Plenderleith, M.A., Ps.D., D.Paed., G. H. Gower, M.A., Courtenay. Abbotsford. *T. W. Hall, Prince Rupert. *A. S. Towell, M.A., Pouce Coupe. F. A. Jewett, B.A., Nelson. *K. B. Woodward, B.A., B.Paed., Smithers. V. Z. Manning, B.A., Vancouver. * These men also inspect the High Schools in their districts. Municipal Inspectors of Schools: George H. Deane, Victoria. W. Gray, M.A., North Vancouver. R. S. Shields, B.A., New Westminster. C. G. Brown, B.A., Burnaby. SPECIAL OFFICIALS. Officer in Charge of Technical Education: John Kyle, A.R.C.A. Director of Home Economics: Miss J. L. McLenaghen, B.Sc. Officer in Charge of High Correspondence School: J. W. Gibson, M.A., B.Paed. Officer in Charge of Elementary Correspondence School: Miss Isabel M. L. Bescoby, M.A. OrgoMizer of School and Community Drama: L. Bullock-Webster. Registrar: J. L. Watson, B.A. Officer in Charge of Text-book Branch: P. G. Barr. Chief Clerk: R. D. Smith. NORMAL SCHOOL STAFFS. Vancouver: Victoria: A. R. Lord, B.A., Principal. V. L. Denton, B.A., Principal. A. Anstey, B.A. B. S. Freeman, B.A. W. P. Weston, A.R.C.A. , H. L. Campbell, B.A. H. B. MacLean. John Gough, M.A. A. E. C Martin, B.Sc. Miss H. R. Anderson, M.A., Ph.D. J. M. Ewing, B.A., D.Paed. F. T. C Wickett, A.R.CO. T. R. Hall, B.A. Mrs. N. E. Murphy, B.Sc. Miss L. G. Bollert, B.A. Miss Barbara Hinton. Miss E. M. Coney. Model School: Miss Isabel Coursier. Miss Kate Scanlan. Miss Margaret Maynard, B.A. Miss Marion James. School for the Deaf and the Blind: C E. MacDonald, LL.B., B.S. in Ed., Principal. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Report of the Superintendent of Education 7 Report on Normal Schools— Vancouver 34 Victoria 35 Report of the Director of the Summer School of Education 36 Report of the Officer in Charge of Technical Education 42 Report of the Director of Home Economics 49 Report of the Superintendent of Schools, Vancouver 51 Reports of Municipal Inspectors—■ Victoria 58 New Westminster 59 North Vancouver (City and District) and West Vancouver 61 Burnaby 64 Report of the Principal, School for the Deaf and the Blind 67 Reports of Officers in Charge of Correspondence Schools— High School and Vocational Courses 69 Elementary School Courses 70 Report of the Officer in Charge of the Text-book Branch . 72 Report on Work of Adult Education 75 Report of Director of Recreational and Physical Education 79 Report of the Secretary, Local Committee, Strathcona Trust 83 Report of Commission on " Education of Soldiers' Dependent Children Act " 85 Report of Organizer of School and Community Drama 86 Statistical Keturns— High Schools (Cities) 90 High Schools (District Municipalities) 103 High Schools (Rural Districts) 107 Superior Schools (Cities) ., 112 Superior Schools (District Municipalities) 112 Superior Schools (Rural Districts) 112 Junior High Schools (Cities) . 118 Junior High Schools (District Municipalities) 123 Junior High Schools (Rural Districts) 124 Elementary Schools (Cities) 126 Elementary Schools (District Municipalities) 158 Elementary Schools (Rural Districts) 177 Elementary Schools (Community Districts) 196 Summary of Enrolment in the Schools of each City 197 Summary of Enrolment in the Schools of each District Municipality 200 Enrolment (Recapitulation) 203 Names of Schools, Number of Teachers, etc., in each of the Electoral Districts 204 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION, 1936-37. Education Office, Victoria, B.C., December, 1937. To the Honourable George M. Weir, Minister of Education. Sir,—I beg to submit herewith the Sixty-sixth Annual Report of the Public Schools of British Columbia for the school-year ended June 30th, 1937. ENROLMENT. The enrolment in the schools of the Province increased during the year from 116,722 to 118,431 and the average daily attendance increased from 101,873 to 104,044. The percentage of regular attendance was 87.85. The number of pupils enrolled in the various classes of schools is shown hereunder:— Schools. Cities. District Municipalities. Rural Districts. Community Districts. High schools Superior schools Junior high schools.. Elementary schools- Totals, 1936-37.. Totals, 1935-36.. 16,529 80 6,907 45,593* 4,157 406 620 19,982t 1,652 2,808 438 18,755 504 22,338 3,294 7,965 84,834 69,109 25,165 23,653 118,431 68,721 24,089 23,912 116,722 * These figures include an enrolment of 92 pupils in the Provincial Government School for the Deaf and the Blind. t These figures include an enrolment of 80 pupils in the Provincial Model School. In addition to the numbers given above, there were enrolled in the High Correspondence School classes, regular students Elementary Correspondence School classes, regular students. Night-schools Adult education— Technical classes Students. 1,694 993 7,901 Classes in Mining for Prospectors High Correspondence School, Vocational Courses.. Elementary Correspondence School Community Self-help Groups.. Recreational and Physical Education Classes. 2,259 893 374 147 1,343 11,860 Normal School, Vancouver.. Normal School, Victoria Victoria College University of British Columbia- Total 16,876 152 63 171 2,049 29,899 I 8 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. DISTRIBUTION OF PUPILS BY GRADES AND SEX. Grade. Boys. Girls. Total. Grade I 6,877 5,752 5,873 5,537 5.956 6,178 6,187 5,714 4,980 3,334 2,130 1,543 219 5,947 5,284 5,651 5,076 5,706 5,855 6,045 5,745 4,828 3,700 2,346 1,738 230 12,824 11,036 11,524 10,613 11,662 12,033 12,232 11,459 9,808 7,034 4,476 3,281 449 Grade II Grade III - Grade IV Grade V Grade VI Grade VII . Grade VIII Grade IX.. Grade X Grade XI .... _ Grade XII _ Totals - . 60,280 58,151 118,431 DISTRIBUTION OF TEACHERS AND PUPILS ACCORDING TO THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF SCHOOLS AND DISTRICTS. The number of teachers employed in the different classes of schools, the number of pupils and the percentage of the pupils enrolled in each class of school, and also the average number of pupils per teacher are shown below:— Schools. CJ m , ® Zn CJ u P. o IH C3 o u z£ o cn '5 Ph.O »,» °-3 6 ■» Z QJ V 4J is c m aJ^. fi a. oH ax d" qj ). O-o »>:« > fi u J-| .* &, QJ t. fSj "fiS fl c ffl <<!0 464 128 78 3 11 111 186 17 15 1,202 559 915 18 102 21 9 51 1 111 21 2 566 149 87 3 11 111 237 18 15 1,313 580 917 18 16,529 4,157 1,652 80 406 2,808 6.907 620 438 45,593 19,982 18,755 504 13.96 3.51 1.40 0.07 0.34 2.36 5.84 0.52 0.37 38.51 16.85 15.84 0.43 36 32 21 27 37 25 37 36 29 38 36 21 28 30 High schools (district municipalities) _.. _ ' 26 18 24 32 22 32 31 26 36 30 17 21 Totals.- - 3,707 318 4,025 118,431 100.00 32 28 * These figures include 19 teachers employed by the Provincial Government and 92 pupils enrolled in the Provincial Government School for the Deaf and the Blind. • t These figures include 2 teachers employed by the Provincial Government and 80 pupils enrolled in the Provincial Model School. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 9 TEACHERS' CERTIFICATES. The following table shows the number of teachers of each sex employed and also the number of certificates of each class:— Schools. 1 < co U E fi O y OJ X >> M CQ O Pi a QJ .2 '5 QJ a in QJ to fi X o X H "a! 1 ft i o 457 125 77 1 16 119 9 7 143 26 32 i 6 3 7 69 58 6 5 649 298 535 5 3 25 2 1 409 230 338 13 l 28 10 8 2 105 23 4 56 3 1 66 16 2 2 2 1 18 2 358 87 65 1 4 47 120 9 7 325 159 314 208 62 22 2 7 64 117 9 8 988 421 603 18 566 High schools (district municipalities) 149 87 3 Superior schools (district municipalities) 11 111 237 Junior high schools (district municipalities) 18 15 1,313 Elementary schools (district municipalities) f_. 580 917 18 Totals, 1936-37 , ■, 1,012 1,642 1,021 47 2 276 25 1,496 2,529 4,025 Totals, 1935-36 - 955 1,607 1,082 49 4 239 20 1,403 2,553 3,956 * These figures include 19 teachers employed in the Provincial School for the Deaf and the Blind. t These figures include 2 teachers employed in the Provincial Model School. CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHERS BY SEX AND EXPERIENCE. The following table gives a classification by sex and experience of the teachers in each class of school in the Province for the school-year 1935-36. (The table was prepared by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics.) Cities. Hioh Schools. Junior High Schools. Superior Schools. Elementary Schools. Total Experience at end of year- Less than 1 year 1 yr. and under 2 yrs... 2 yrs. 3 „ 4 „ 5 „ 6 „ 7 „ 10 „ 15 „ 20 „ 25 „ 30 „ 35 and over... Unspecified . 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 4 3 10 10 11 11 11 18 27 66 48 38 19 21 19 26 7 9 6 5 11 8 7 11 17 36 27 21 14 7 15 11 12 16 15 22 19 18 29 44 102 75 59 33 28 19 41 4 3 4 3 6 4 24 13 10 6 5 18 6 5 7 7 9 15 12 51 27 14 9 5 1 3 9 28 19 17 13 33 27 42 57 47 254 170 103 84 55 28 24 10 40 36 26 27 40 36 47 75 63 334 203 126 108 78 40 38 342 I 201 I 543 I 95 I 98 I 193 3 I 317 11,010 11,327 I 10 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHERS BY SEX AND EXPERIENCE—Continued. Cities—Continued. High Schools. Junior High Schools. Superior Schools. Elementary Schools. 'rt a £ 'rt S QJ ft cd o QJ 'tf a o5 'cd S QJ o oj £ "ccl S QJ 'rt ,£5 O En £ QJ S QJ O Experience where teaching— Less than 1 year.... 1 yr. and under 2 yrs... 9 vra 8 19 18 9 17 22 9 12 19 31 77 38 20 11 4 26 3 14 20 7 7 15 15 19 8 13 35 16 9 5 15 3 33 38 16 24 37 24 41 27 44 112 54 29 16 4 41 5 11 2 2 2 11 9 7 9 25 10 2 1 10 11 3 3 2 10 6 5 11 14 13 4 1 1 3 1 15 22 5 5 4 21 15 12 20 39 23 6 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 30 16 17 13 10 20 32 20 16 53 21 27 14 6 14 19 75 42 29 23 36 69 70 63 53 220 146 76 51 10 4 24 27 105 68 3 „ 4 „ . 46 4 „ 5 „ 6 „ 36 46 6 „ 7 „ 89 7 „ 8 „ 102 8 „ 9 „ 83 9 „ 10 „ 69 10 „ 15 „ 273 15 „ 20 „ 167 20 „ 25 „ 103 25 „ 30 „ 65 30 „ 35 „ 16 35 and over Unspecifiec 4 38 Totals. 342 201 | 543 95 | 98 193 1 2 3 | 317 |1,010 1,327 Elsewhere in Less than 1 yr. and i Province— 1 year .. 6 32 44 19 25 17 14 12 6 2 16 8 6 28 22 13 12 11 10 4 2 1 16 1 12 60 66 32 37 28 24 16 8 3 32 9 5 14 11 9 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 6 13 7 9 6 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 11 27 18 18 10 7 4 3 6 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 44 22 31 24 15 8 4 2 4 19 3 3 3 49 148 104 66 59 44 41 31 23 9 39 10 2 2 1 63 192 3 „ 126 3 „ 4 „ 5 „ 97 83 5 „ 6 „ 59 49 7 „ 8 „ 85 8 „ 9 „ 25 9 „ 10 „ 13 10 „ 15 „ 15 „ .. 20 „ 58 13 20 „ 25 „ ... 5 25 „ 30 „ 5 30 „ 35 „ 1 35 and ovei Tota Elsewhere th Less than 1 yr. and l 2 yrs. la 201 126 | 327 56 59 | 115 1 | 1 | 2 | 196 | 628 824 m in Province— 1 year mder 2 yrs. 3 „ . . _ . 2 7 14 8 9 13 8 3 6 6 18 7 3 4 5 " 5 4 4 1 8 3 4 6 2 6 12 18 13 13 17 9 11 9 10 24 9 3 1 4 1 3 1 1 5 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 1 9 5 4 3 1 1 1 2 5 4 9 13 7 11 7 5 5 4 1 5 5 16 57 30 26 18 13 12 13 10 8 35 7 20 66 43 3 „ 4 „ . . 33 4 „ 5 „ — 29 5 „ 6 „ 20 6 „ 7 „ — 17 7 „ 8 „ - 18 8 „ 9 „ ..... 14 9 „ 10 „ 9 10 „ 15 „ 20 „ 40 12 20 „ 25 „ 2 | 3 1 1 1 -- 1 - -- 1 6 25 „ 30 „ 2 30 „ 35 „ _ ... 35 and ovei Tota Is 104 50 | 154 1 11 | 21 | 32 ! 1 1 -- 1 - 1 1 79 | 249 1 328 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 11 CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHERS BY SEX AND EXPERIENCE—Continued. District Municipalities. High Schools. Junior High Schools. Superior Schools. Elementary Schools. Total Experience at end of year- Less than 1 year 1 yr. and under 2 yrs.. 2 yrs. „ 3 3 „ „ 4 4 „ 5 5 „ 6 6 „ 7 7 „ 8 9 „ 10 „ 15 „ 20 „ 25 „ 30 „ 35 and over Unspecified- Totals.. 10 15 20 25 30 35 Experience where teaching- Less than 1 year 1 yr. and under 2 yrs 2 yrs. 3 „ 4 „ 5 „ 6 „ 7 „ 8 „ 9 „ 10 „ 15 „ 20 „ 25 „ 30 „ 35 and over.. 10 15 20 25 30 35 35 and over Totals.. Totals isewhere in P rovince— 1 yr. and un der 2 yrs 3 .. _ 3 „ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 15 , 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , 4 „ 5 „ 6 „ 7 „ 8 „ 9 „ 10 „ 15 „ 20 „ 25 „ 30 „ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 34 11 10 9 5 3 16 72 j 63 | 135 | 9 15 63 I 135 5 1 5 1 1 9 20 . 10 10 6 48 31 4 18 13 11 4 23 10 6 7 | 150 24 22 17 18 20 28 31 25 29 94 32 29 20 7 1 IS 16 46 44 17 22 25 30 33 21 23 85 27 16 3 1 79 | I 7 15 19 8 10 6 17 35 36 32 16 14 12 13 18 3 13 3 1 9 31 30 27 23 31 29 S3 34 37 128 43 39 29 12 4 34 573 20 64 57 28 26 33 38 45 30 31 108 37 22 3 1 573 24 50 55 40 26 20 15 27 21 6 21 6 1 12 6 | 99 213 | 312 I 12 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHERS BY SEX AND EXPERIENCE—Continued. District Municipalities—Continued. High Schools. Junior High Schools. Superior Schools. Elementary Schools. qj" a QJ 'ti s QJ fa *ti o E-< £ 'ti a S « fa 13 ■4-1 o *e3 a a QJ fa 'ti O £ 'ti S £ 'ti £ OJ fa 3 o Elsewhere than in Province— Less than 1 year 1 yr. and under 2 yrs 2 yrs. „ 3 „ 2 4 3 4 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 7 4 3 5 2 2 1 1 i 2 1 2 2 — 2 4 3 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 18 5 2 2 4 6 2 3 3 5 1 3 22 8 3 „ 4 „ 6 4 „ „ 5 „ 3 5 „ 6 „ 5 6 „ „ 7 „ 9 7 „ 8 „ _ 3 8 „ „ 9 „ 9 „ „ 10 „ 1 10 „ „ 15 „ 6 15 „ „ 20 20 „ „ 25 „ 25 „ ,, 30 „ 2 30 „ „ 35 „ Totals 18 10 1 28 1 1 3 4 — 29 52 Rural Districts. High Schools. Junior High Schools. Superior Schools. Elementary Schools of more than One Room. One-room Schools. Total Experience at end of year— Less than 1 year..... 1 yr. and under 2 yrs. 2 yrs. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 and over.... Unspecified .. Totals 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 Experience where teaching— Less than 1 year.. 1 yr. and under 2 yrs.. 2 yrs. „ 3 „ .. 3 „ „ 4 „ _. 4 „ 5 „ .. 6 1 1 1 1 10 4 16 3 11 8 | 1 2 ' | ...... | 1 1 3 20 20 15 10 14 13 21 18 17 51 10 4 2 2 2 72 I 131 20 13 5 6 [ 5 5 10 1 U 18 50 | 26 20 32 I 10 8 17 1 n 8 16 24 29 25 19 20 15 31 21 27 71 11 228 | 324 11 78 51 16 5 35 138 103 58 22 21 123 93 68 49 46 45 37 ■ 26 12 45 24 2 30 198 I 429 | 627 46 216 154 74 27 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 13 CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHERS BY SEX AND EXPERIENCE—Continued. Rural Districts—Continued. High Schools. Junior High Schools. Superior Schools. Elementary Schools op more than One Room. One-room Schools. Experience where teach ing—Continued. 5 yrs. and under 6 yrs... 6 „ „ 7 „ . 7 „ „ 8 „ . 8 „ „ 9 „ . 9 ., „ 10 „ - 10 „ „ 15 „ . 15 „ „ 20 „ . 20 „ „ 25 „ . 25 „ „ 30 „ . 30 „ „ 35 „ . 35 and over .... Unspecified Totals -- Elsewhere in Province— Less than 1 year 1 yr. and under 2 yrs.. 2 yrs. „ 3 „ .. 10 „ 15 „ 20 „ 25 „ 30 „ 35 and over.. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 Totals. Elsewhere than in Province— Less than 1 year '. 1 yr. and under 2 yrs.. 2 yrs. 10 „ 15 „ 20 „ 25 „ 30 „ 35 and over 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 Totals . 10 16 24 15 13 8 18 2 1 22 | 71 | 3 72 | 131 | 96 | 228 10 | ...... | 39 1 3 5 13 3 8 9 29 4 10 9 26 8 16 9 14 10 13 5 11 7 10 5 16 2 5 2 15 1 2 7 4 3 3 4 9 2 3 4 4 4 9 4 10 2 2 3 1 45 84 65 155 14 | 26 | 40 7 17 20 13 7 6 5 2 4 2 4 3 2 92 14 12 40 31 33 31 22 13 8 7 3 12 5 1 10 9 4 6 6 5 1 2 4 1 25 24 14 7 2 30 198 1 429 | 627 30 19 57 61 46 38 28 18 10 11 5 16 6 16 10 6 8 5 9 2 1 4 11 1 I 14 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. NEW SCHOOLS. High schools were established in Athalmer-Invermere, Blakeburn, Hedley, Michel-Natal, Quesnel, and Wells Rural School Districts; junior high schools at Dawson Creek, Duncan, Fernie, Kaslo, Port Moody, and Saanich North Consolidated; and superior schools at Bowen Island, Fruitvale, Gabriola United, Wellington, and Kennedy (Delta Municipality). Elementary schools were opened for the first time in eight districts. The names of the districts follow:— Name of School District. Electoral District. Cape Mudge Comox. Francois Lake, West Omineca. Lansdowne Cariboo. 144-Mile House Cariboo. Richlands North Okanagan. Rounds Cowichan-Newcastle. The establishment of elementary schools was also authorized at Gravel Ferry, in Cariboo Electoral District, and at Vidette Mine, in Kamloops Electoral District. COMPARISON OF ENROLMENT AND EXPENDITURE FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION. The enrolment in the schools of the Province for various years since 1877-78 and also the cost of maintaining them are shown in the following exhibit:— School-year. cnT3 Jh OJ _ 3J >. III 2,H oj "o o X iri ^ o u . HJ o.S Za cd QJ to a IH o to j-, fcc c oj o a ?. rt to T3 rt ^ C *- — qj >'SS Oj OJ * a +J cfl a -v OJ c « OJ J-l *J CJ^*J Ph 0<! Government Expenditure for Education. Total Expenditure for Public Schools. 1877-78 56 69 128 267 429 607 816 1,597 1,859 2,246 3,118 3,668 3,784 3,854 3,948 3,959 3,912 3,873 3,942 3,956 4,025 45 59 104 169 213 268 189 359 374 575 744 788 792 803 811 830 821 827 762 773 763 2,198 2,693 6,372 11,496 17,648 24,499 33,314 57,608 62,263 67,516 94,888 108,179 109,588 111,017 113,914 115,919 116,816 115,792 117,233 116,722 118,431 1,395 1,383 3,093 7,111 11,055 16,357 23,195 43,274 49,377 54,746 77,752 91,760 94,410 96,196 99,375 103,510 104,978 103,389 101,893 101,873 104,044 63.49 51.36 48.54 61.85 62.64 66.76 69.62 75.12 79.30 81.09 81.94 84.82 86.17 86.65 87.23 89.29 89.86 89.30 86.91 87.27 87.85 $48,411.14* 60,758.75* 113,679.36* 174,775.43 290,255.26 473,802.29 544,671.60 1,663,003.34 1,885,654.11 1,653,796.60 3,176,686.28$ 3,532,518.951 3,765,920.69$ 3,743,317.08$ 3,834,727.19$ 4,015,074.373; 2,849,972.021 2,611,937.80$ 2,835,04 0:74$ 2,972,385.04t 3,277,660.23$ 1882-83 1887-88. 1892-93.. 1897-98 $215,056.22t 425,555.10 1902-03- 1907-08 ' 604,357.86 1,220,509.85 1912-13 1913-14 1917-18... ... 1922-23- ' 1927-28. 1928-29 4,658,894.97 4,634,877.56 3,519,014.61 7,630,009.54$ 9,261,094.98$ 11,149,990.27$ 1929-30 10,008,255.66$ 1930-31. -- - 10,061,387.99$ 1931-32- - 9,719,333.81$ 1932-33 - 8,941,497.34$ 1933-34 - - - 8,213,369.04$ 1934-35 - 1935-36- — 1936-37 8,458,156.00$ 8,775,353.78$ 9,593,562.64$ * The total expenditure for public schools was borne by the Government. t This amount does not include the expenditure (not available) made for incidental expenses in city school districts. % This amount includes the annual grant from the Government to the Provincial University. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 15 COMPARISON OF ENROLMENT AND COST PER PUPIL TO PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. The following table shows the enrolment during the last twelve years and also the cost to the Provincial Government of each pupil:— School-year. Enrolment at High Schools. Enrolment at other Public Schools. Total Enrolment. Percentage at High Schools of the Total Enrolment. Cost per Pupil on Enrolment. Cost per Pupil on Average Daily Attendance. 1925-26 - 1926-27... 1927-28 -.... 11,779 12,906 13,516 14,545 14,675 16,197 18,134 18,552 18,932 19,969 21,119 22,338 89,909 92,102 94,663 95,013 96.342 97,717 97,785 98,264 96,860 97,264 95,603 96,093 101,638 105,008 108,179 109,558 111,017 113,914 115,919 116,816 115,792 117,233 116.722 118,431 11.58 12.29 12.49 13.27 13.22 14.21 15.64 15.80 16.35 17.03 18.09 19.71 $26.09 26.40 26.92 28.32 28.07 28.03 29.62 21.55 19.51 . 20.40 21.35 22.93 $31.06 31.41 31.74 1928-29 33.03 1929-30 1930-31 32.79 32.74 1931-32 33 18 1932-33 .. 23 98 1933-34. 1934-35 1935-36 21.85 23.47 1936-37 - - COST PER PUPIL, ON VARIOUS BASES, FOR THE SCHOOL-YEAR 1936-37. Grand total cost of education $9,593,562.64 Less— Grant re salaries of faculty of Victoria College $4,525.46 General grant to Victoria College 5,000.00 Grant to University of British Columbia 362,499.97 Normal School, Vancouver- Normal School, Victoria Cost of Night-schools Correspondence Schools—• High Schools Elementary Schools.. Adult education 24,179.76 35,171.71 22,304.21 26,897.13 13,796.29 67,811.15 Net cost for total enrolment of 118,431 pupils - Cost per pupil for year on total enrolment Cost per pupil per school-day (193 days) on total enrolment Cost per pupil for year on average daily attendance of 104,044 pupils Cost per pupil per school-day (193 days) on average daily attendance Net cost to Provincial Government for total enrolment of 118,431 pupils for year ($3,277,660.23—$562,185.68) Cost to Provincial Government per pupil for year on total enrolment Cost to Provincial Government per pupil per school-day (193 days) on total enrolment Cost to Provincial Government per pupil for year on average daily attendance of 104,044 pupils Cost to Provincial Government per pupil per school-day (193 days) on average daily attendance Cost per capita for year on population of 750,000 (1936 estimate) Cost per capita per school-day (193 days) on population of 750,000 (1936 estimate) Cost to Provincial Government per capita for year on population of 750,000 (1936 estimate) Cost to Provincial Government per capita per school-day (193 days) on population of 750,000 (1936 estimate) 562,185.68 $9,031,376.94 76.25 .39 86.80 .45 2,715,474.55 22.93 .12 26.10 .14 *12.04 *.06 f3.62 f.02 * Computed on net total cost of $9,031,376.94. t Computed on net cost to Provincial Government of $2,715,474.55. I 16 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. CHILDREN OF FOREIGN PARENTAGE. The number of children of foreign parentage attending the public schools of the Province during the year was as follows :■— .2 QJ QJ C Ct) a 09 J-S cd 3 13 3 £ CO h o X O X 3 O Q ■ EO 1-s cd > CJ CS CC 3 m m Is in CO QJ 'o Ph to C cd S QJ O X V 3 QJ U & 214 13 60 1,031 65 64 665 248 269 2,143 1,569 605 3 7 101 40 44 12 47 72 5 323 490 177 90 117 985 461 507 2 15 3 23 18 71 33 13 28 201 86 162 47 31 58 689 784 462 30 Superior schools 6 26 173 Elementary schools in district municipalities 72 79 Totals 1,447 5,499 195 949 2,339 130 523 2,071 386 n a a a u OJ E < Cjj a b a CO 3 < cd a s E cd s CO 3 PS cd C .2 43 cd s .2 |3 '3 ,9 P CO c* QJ 3 OPc. cd 'rt O 93 9 53 218 41 79 28 9 15 69 16 46 40 77 23 56 94 126 37 6 35 456 147 137 132 23 149 1,167 124 463 28 26 23 245 90 202 209 43 155 964 401 542 1,763 641 Junior high schools ' - 1,021 8,593 Elementary schools in district municipalities 4,013 3,912 492 Totals 493 183 416 818 2,058 1 614 2,314 20,435 NUMBER OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS. The following table shows the number and classes of school districts in which schools were in operation during all or some portion of the year:— City school districts 32 District municipality school districts 23 Rural school districts 704 Community school districts 4 Total.. 763* * At the time this Annual Report was prepared 270 school districts were under the administration of Official Trustees. HIGH SCHOOLS—CITIES. The enrolment in the city high schools during the year was 16,529. Of this number, 8,115 were boys and 8,414 were girls. The number of schools, the number of divisions, the number of teachers, and the enrolment for 1936-37 and for 1935-36 in each city are shown in the following table:— City. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 11 3 7 4 3 5 4 14 3 7 4 3 160 105 386 81 200 99 99 156 Armstrong Chilliwack High School Area- 85 365 75 199 71 143 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 17 HIGH SCHOOLS—CITIES—Continued. City. Number of Schools. Number . °f Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. Enderby 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 2 5 3 7 2 6 4 " 2 8 7 33 2 1 4 8 7 4 4 1 10 246 16 8 38 2 6 3 10 3 6 6 2 14 8 39 2 1 4 9 8 4 4 1 10 309 17 8 50 55 102 84 196 17 179 128 66 259 238 1,128 63 22 116 306 165 97 122 10 335 9,453 605 277 1,376 51 150 76 Kamloops - Kaslo Kelowna 326 22 145 101 Merritt Nanaimo 76 254 226 1,045 52 36 114 284 151 Rossland.. 97 124 9 283 9,042 538 254 1,316 Totals - - -.- 43 467 566 16,529 15,866 HIGH SCHOOLS—DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES. The enrolment in the district municipality high schools for the year was 4,157. Of this number, 1,885 were boys and 2,272 were girls. The number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the years 1936-37 and 1935-36 are shown in the following table:— Municipality. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. Abbotsford : Matsqui-Sumas-Abbotsford Educational Administrative Area.. Burnaby Delta Esquimalt.. Kent. Langley Maple Ridge.. Matsqui Mission Oak Bay Peachland Penticton Richmond Saanich Sumas-Abbotsford- Summerland Surrey Vancouver, West.. 10 25 4 4 2 6 10 6 11 1 6 8 18 3 9 5 13 27 4 4 2 6 14 1 9 10 19 274 922 124 118 46 265 238 167 352 13 201 262 553 79 351 192 Totals- J 149 4,157 910 126 103 40 239 228 127 156 353 12 166 235 479 120 83 267 175 3,819 HIGH SCHOOLS—RURAL DISTRICTS. The enrolment in the rural high schools for the year was 1,652. were boys and 868 were girls. 2 Of this number, 784 I 18 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. The number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the years 1936-37 and 1935-36 are given in the following table:— District. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. Athalmer-Invermere.. Blakeburn Britannia Mine Canyon Cobble Hill Comox Creston Dawson Creek- Dewdney Ganges-Vesuvius.. Golden Harewood. Hedley Howe Sound- loco Keremeos Kimberley Kitsumgallum- Lumby Michel-Natal .. Nakusp— New Denver- North Bend- Ocean Falls Oliver Oyama Parksville Powell River- Princeton Qualicum Beach.. Quesnel Rolla.. Rutland. Saanich, North, Consolidated- Saltspringr Island Smithers Squamish Telkwa Tsolum. University Hill- Vanderhoof Wells 38 16 39 17 40 44 107 23 28 33 62 12 26 38 30 170 32 26 49 33 14 19 40 38 18 40 92 73 42 32 18 31 57 40 51 44 17 46 41 16 20 38 20 43 39 72 33 29 27 26 60 37 33 22 142 23 22 23 34 33 13 30 136 71 47 27 30 45 53 44 17 51 55 18 Totals- 79 87 1,652 1,434 SUPERIOR SCHOOLS—CITIES. The enrolment in the city superior schools for the year was 80. Of this number, 56 were boys and 24 were girls. The number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the school- years 1936-37 and 1935-36 are shown in the following table:— City. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. 1 3 3 80 77 SUPERIOR SCHOOLS—DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES. The enrolment in the district municipality superior schools during the year was 406. Of this number, 211 were boys and 195 were girls. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 19 The number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the school- years 1936-37 and 1935-36 are shown in the following table:-— Municipality. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. 1 1 7 4 7 4 270 136 251 Delta Totals 2 11 11 406 251 SUPERIOR SCHOOLS—RURAL DISTRICTS. The enrolment in the rural superior schools for the school-year was 2,808. The number of boys was 1,439, of girls 1,369. The following table gives the number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the school-years 1936-37 and 1935-36:— District. Number Number Number of of of Schools. Divisions. Teachers Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. 79 90 102 29 81 38 146 167 72 66 88 80 52 48 57 62 79 79 49 42 110 87 39 41 68 71 130 46 49 55 24 31 73 82 77 46 61 41 35 57 59 79 91 78 76 385 66 70 60 56 72 71 67 61 46 46 69 63 41 52 130 59 57 93 78 51 55 Ashcroft - Athalmer-Invermere.. Baynes Lake.. Blakeburn _.._ Bowen Island B rech in Burns Lake— Campbell River____ Canal Flats. Cedar, North C has e - Coalmont Cowichan Lake.. Fort Fraser Fort St. John—... Fru itvale Gabriola United.. Hazelton Hazelton, New.... Hedley Hope James Island-. Kaleden Lantzville Lillooet Malcolm Island.. Michel-Natal McBride Oyster, North Peace: Pouce Coupe.. Pender Island Pioneer Mine Port Alice Procter. Quesn el Robson Salmo.— Silverton Sooke . Stewart Wellington Wellington, South.. Wes tba nk Williams Lake Woodfibre Yahk Totals.. 4 5 3 111 80 59 78 80 105 118 67 2,808 74 96 75 113 123 79 3,363 I 20 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS—CITIES. The enrolment in the city junior high schools was 6,907. The number of boys was 3,673, of girls 3,234. The following table gives the number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the school-years 1936-37 and 1935-36:— City. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 5 6 8 1 9 6 10 18 3 120 5 8 10 1 11 7 12 26 3 154 171 213 298 30 309 228 359 680 88 4,531 176 311 Nanaimo Nelson.. 230 330 4,664 Totals 14 186 237 6,907 5,711 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS—DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES. The enrolment in the district municipality junior high schools was 620. Of this number, 303 were boys and 317 were girls. The number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the school- years 1936-37 and 1935-36 are given in the following table:—■ Municipality. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. Penticton Vancouver, West 1 1 9 8 9 9 312 308 319 295 Totals 2 17 18 620 614 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS—RURAL DISTRICTS. The enrolment in the rural junior high schools was 438. The number of boys was 213, of girls 225. The number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the school- years 1936-37 and 1935-36 are given in the following table:— District. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. 1 1 1 1 2 3 9 1 2 3 9 1 42 64 302 30 Ocean Falls 62 Totals. 4 15 15 438 62 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 21 SUMMARY OF ENROLMENT IN HIGH AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS. The following is a summary of enrolment in high and junior high schools:— Number of Pupils enrolled. Boys. Girls. Average Daily Attendance. Number of Pupils in Grades. K & B VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. .2 ".2 §33 inS"3 High schools: Cities 16,529 4,157 1,652 8,115 1,885 784 8,414 2,272 868 13,700.80 3,347.47 1,391.05 5,432 1,449 556 5,050 1,272 479 3,209 848 355 2,445 537 257 393 51 5 22,338 10,784 11,554 18,439.32 7,437 | 6,801 4,412 3,239 449 Junior high schools: Cities 6,907 620 438 3,673 303 213 3,234 317 225 6,060.95 524.25 390.46 2,659 216 179 2,621 206 144 1,627 198 115 7,965 4,189 3,776 6,975.66 3,054 2,971 1,940 30,303 14,973 15,330 25,414.98 3,054 2,971 9,377 6,801 4,412 3,239 449 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS—CITIES. The enrolment in the city elementary schools was 45,593. Of this number, 23,351 were boys and 22,242 were girls. The number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the school- years 1936-37 and 1935-36 are given in the following table:— City. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. Alberni. Armstrong Chilliwack Courtenay Cranbrook Cumberland._ Duncan Enderby... Fernie Grand Forks.. Kamloops Kaslo Kelowna Ladysmith Merritt Nanaimo Nelson New Westminster.. Port Alberni.. Port Coquitlam.. Port Moody Prince George.... Prince Rupert-.. Revelstoke Rossland Salmon Arm.- Slocan Trail-Tadanac. Vancouver School for the Deaf and the Blind- Vancouver, North Vernon Victoria. 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 5 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 52 1 3 1 16 Totals.. 6 11 12 9 14 11 9 3 9 10 15 2 17 9 8 19 18 49 14 7 4 9 21 14 12 4 2 36 676 9 32 23 108 1,202 11 12 11 15 11 9 3 9 10 15 2 18 9 9 19 19 49 14 7 4 10 23 14 13 4 2 39 754 19 32 26 115 1,313 211 449 458 326 523 415 394 107 359 371 551 51 681 344 269 677 693 1,984 530 256 154 329 822 493 500 131 67 1,388 25,970 92 1,223 936 3,839 45,593 176 430 450 326 529 418 463 119 502 357 554 84 664 302 289 708 698 2,632 475 246 212 352 851 498 481 129 63 1,322 26,439 87 1,246 918 4,047 47,067 I 22 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS—DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES. The enrolment in the district municipality elementary schools was 19,982. The number of boys was 10,387, of girls 9,595. The following table gives the number of schools, of divisions, and of teachers, and the enrolment for the school-years 1936-37 and 1935-36:— Municipality. Number of Schools. Number of Divisions. Number of Teachers. Enrolment, 1936-37. Enrolment, 1935-36. Abbotsford : Matsqui-Sumas-Abbotsford Educational Administrative Area— — Burnaby. — Chilliwack Coldstream *— Coquitlam — Cowichan, North. Delta Esq.uim.alt Kent Langley Maple Ridge Matsqui Mission Oak Bay - _ Peachland Penticton - Pitt Meadows — Richmond- Saanich _ Salmon Arm Sumas Summerland Surrey Vancouver, North Vancouver, West _ Totals 16 19 16 2 5 2 8 1 3 16 7 9 2 1 1 1 1 22 5 2 37 115 41 4 14 2 16 10 7 31 32 20 17 2 17 6 38 47 10 51 20 14 38 125 43 4 14 2 16 12 7 31 32 21 19 2 18 7 38 47 10 52 20 14 1,349 4,229 1,317 115 517 58 513 371 227 1,184 1,024 643 611 59 677 186 1,519 1,740 299 304 1,827 667 546 4,316 1,232 125 489 53 581 392 218 1,117 1,027 651 640 629 55 604 189 1,429 1,764 301 313 295 1,734 678 573 169 559 580 19,982 19,405 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS—RURAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS. The number of schools, the number of pupils enrolled, and the number of teachers employed in the elementary schools of the rural districts were as follows:— Number of Schools. Number of Pupils. Boys. Girls. Number of Teachers employed. 718 18,755 9,596 9,159 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS—COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICTS. The number of schools, the number of pupils enrolled, and the number of teachers employed in the elementary schools of the community school districts were as follows:— Number of Schools. Number of Pupils. Boys. Girls. Number of Teachers employed. Community school districts.. 237 18 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 23 NUMBER OF TEACHERS IN EACH CLASS OF SCHOOL The following table shows the number of teachers in each class of school-year 1936-37:— High schools: Cities - school : 566 149 87 3 11 111 237 18 15 1,313 580 917 18 'or the oted in Rural districts Superior schools: ities __ District municipal Junior high scl Cities lools: unicipalities Elementary schools: District, mnnicinalities _ _ Rural districts Total 4,025 iry (qu SALARIES. The following table shows the highest, lowest, and average yearly sali dollars only) paid to teachers during the school-year 1936-37:— High Schools. Junior High Schools. Elementary Schools. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. Average Salary. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. Average Salary. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. Average Salary. Cities. Alberni — $1,531 1,464* 1,366 1,583 1,342 1,530 1,308 1,691 1,580 1,937 1,525 1,685 1,416 1,200 1,479 2,047 2,166 1,689* 1,450 1,600 1,447 1,436 1,733 1,672 1,785* 1,200 1,994 2,450 1,770 1,731 2,360 $1,600 1,700 1,900 1,700 2,430 1,875 1,750 1,417 1,250 1,800 2,235 1,370 1,800 1,700 2,000 1,265 2,610 2,228 2,300 1,300 1,200 1,904 1,800 2,200 2,032 1,848 1,150 2,457 3,402 1,800 2,500 2,657 $800 794 780 780 990 780 810 830 900 900 1,010 1,050 900 950 1,000 830 1,026 814 980 855 800 800 960 960 968 1,170 850 864 838 900 840 1,111 $980 1,117 1,155 1,113 1,234 1,095 980 1,082 1,140 1,077 1,326 1,158 1,209 1,122 1,151 1,173 1,365 1,241 1,206 977 950 1,123 1,218 1,169 1,180 1,339 1,000 1,281 1,595 1,308 1,220 1,626 $1,975 2,000* 1,700 2,565 1,771 1,980 1.417 2,900 2,040 2,775 1,701 2,515 1,800 1,200 2,150 2,520 3,160 2,325* 1,700 1,600 1,900 1,830 2,500 2,448 2,100* 1,200 3,321 3,894 2,460 2,550 3,354 $1,200 1,200* 1,200 1,347 1,200 1,280 1,200 1,400 1,300 1,500 1,350 1,450 1,300 1,200 1,335 1,530 1,247 1,500* 1,200 1,600 1,280 1,200 1,450 1,380 1,680* 1,200 1,425 1,200 1,200 1,300 1,278 Chilliwack .... — $1,100 1,200 1,350 1,350 1,150 $1,280 1,550 1,750 1,370 2,000 $1,166 Enderby - 1,381 1,491 1,360 1,322 Kamloops Ladysmith .__ _ Merritt — 1,452 2,520 2,720 1,100 1,305 1,100 1,291 1,825 1,624 1,100 1,100 1,100 Prince George— Rossland Salmon Arm-.- ____ Trail-Tadanac- 3,894 1,100 1,891 Vancouver, North $3,894 | $1 200 1 $2,183 $3,894 | $1,100 | $1,751 $3,402 $780 $1,470 * These figures refer to High School area. I 24 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. Salaries—Continued. High Schools. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. Average Salary. Junior High Schools. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. Average Salary. Elementary Schools. Highest Lowest Salary. Salary. $1,250 $795 2,262 780 1,430 780 1,300 900 1,187 780 1,085 900 1,500 780 2,395 780 1,200 800 1,100 780 1,500 780 2,000 800 2,955 1,113 1,000 780 1,900 840 1,100 800 1,838 780 1,800 780 1,100 900 2,100 800 1,200 780 1,700 900 1,945 1,102 Average Salary. District Municipalities. Abbotsf ord : Matsqui - Sumas - Abbotsford Educational Administrative Area Burnaby Chilliwack Coldstream Coquitlam _ Cowichan, North.... Delta __ Esquimalt Kent — Langley Maple Ridge Mission Oak Bay Peachland Penticton Pitt Meadows "Richmond Saanich .Salmon Arm .Summerland .„ Surrey Vancouver, North- Vancouver, West— For all district municipalities Rural Districts. For all rural districts.— Community Districts. For all community districts.. $1,350 2,504 1,600 2,224 1,300 1,900 1,850 2,000 3,028 1,300 2,520 1,940 2,500 1,450 1,670 2,549 $3,028 $3,000 $1,200 1,200 1,200 1,500 1,250 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,673 1,300 1,270 1,200 1,200 1,250 1,200 1,754 $1,200 $1,237 1,557 1,325 1,764 1,275 1,266 1,280 1,466 2,260 1,300 1,600 1,448 1,703 1,316 1,316 1,930 $1,558 $1,499 $1,700 1,760 $1,760 $2,000 $1,100 1,357 $1,100 $1,345 1,535 $1,435 100 $1,424 $2,955 $2,350 $1,100 $780 $840 $873 1,176 927 1,137 939 992 898 1,292 921 864 890 985 1,579 890 1,106 900 1,015 1,070 930 1,143 882 1,206 1,404 $780 I $1,030 Superior Schools. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. Average Salary. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. Average Salary. $1,530 1,100 1,400 1,250 1,650 1,270 1,100 1,'200 1,664 1,200 1,250 1,200 1,100 1,200 1,100 1,518 1,200 1,100 $900 905 780 900 1,150 950 780 900 900 850 960 1,000 780 850 780 850 1,000 780 $1,107 1,002 904 1,016 1,333 1,110 900 1,033 1,085 1,025 1,086 1,100 906 962 940 1,089 1,100 940 Hope $1,500 1,400 1,150 1,100 1,100 1,300 1,102 1,200 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,200 1,500 1,260 1,100 1,200 1,500 1,200 $950 1,080 850 780 850 1,020 841 800 780 930 850 900 840 880 800 900 900 900 $1,133 1,240 Brechin Kaleden 1,000 901 975 Canal Flats Lillooet 1,140 928 950 Oyster, North — Peace: Pouce Coupe 940 Coalmont , 986 975 1,050 Fort St. John Fruitvale Port Alice Procter Robson Salmo Silverton — Sooke 1,060 1,070 950 Greenwood Hazelton Hazelton, New 1,033 1,166 1,000 REPORT OP SUPERINTENDENT. I 25 Salaries—Continued. Superior Schools—Continued. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. Average Salary. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. Average Salary. $1,500 1,200 1,100 1,300 1,475 $960 920 780 800 900 $1,220 1,060 933 1,033 1,181 Woodfibre Yahk For all superior schools 1 $1,300 $960 $1,046 1,200 1,000 1,066 Wellington, South $1,664 $780 $970 Williams Lake The average yearly salary paid to teachers employed in all public schools (high, superior, junior high, and elementary) of the Province for the school-year 1936-37 was $1,386; to teachers employed in all high schools, $2,028; to teachers employed in all superior schools, $970; to teachers employed in all junior high schools, $1,715; to teachers employed in all elementary schools, $1,192; and to teachers employed in all community schools, $978. SALARY CLASSIFICATION. The following table shows the number of teachers in the Province receiving the annual salary indicated:— Salary. oS z& Salary. o 3J ZH Salary. Zf Salary. Ztrt Below $780 . 781- 801- 821- 841- 861- 881- 901 921- 941- 961- 981- 1,001- 1,021- 1,041- 1,061- 1,081- 1,101- 1,121- 1,141- 1,161- 1,181- 1,201- 1,221- 1,241- 1,261- 1,281- 1,301- 1,321- 1,341- 1,361- 1,381- 1,401- 1,421- 1,441- 1,461- 1,481- 1,501- 1,521- • 800. - 820. - 840. - 860. ■ 880.. ■ 900.. - 920. - 940. - 960. - 980. ■1,000.. -1,020.. ■1,040. ■1,060 . 1,080 . ■1,100.. •1,120.- ■1,140 •1,160 . ■1,180. ■1,200 . 1,220.. 1,240.. 1,260- 1,280- 1,300- 1,320 . 1,340.. 1,360- 1,380.. ■1,400 . 1,420 . 1,440.. 1,460- 1,480 . 1,500.. 1,520 . 1,540 168 46 84 116 44 154 21 42 99 29 131 14 24 73 29 118 34 37 69 37 154 22 59 55 30 74 25 31 55 43 58 44 46 36 31 53 25 27 51,541 1,561 1,581 1,601 1,621 1,641- 1,661 1,681 1,701 1,721 1,741- 1,761 1,781 1,801 1,821 1,841 1,861- 1,881 1,901- 1,921- 1,941- 1,961 1,981- 2,001 2,021- 2,041 2,061 2,081- 2,101- 2,121- 2,141- 2,161- 2,181- 2,201- 2,221- 2,241 2,261- 2,281- 2,301- 2,321- -1,560.. -1,580 . -1,600.. -1,620.. -1,6<J0_ -1,660- -1,680- -1,700.. -1,720.- -1,740- -1,760- -1,780- -1,800 . -1,820.. -1,840.. -1,860- -1,880 . -1,900.. -1,920- -1,940 . -1,960 . -1,980 . -2,000- -2,020.. -2,040 . -2,060- -2,080 . -2,100- -2,120 . -2,140- -2,160- -2,180- -2,200... -2,220... -2,240... -2,260 .. -2,280 . -2,300 . -2,320 .. 2,340 .. 31 20 323 77 10 7 22 46 18 7 14 33 29 12 12 18 7 24 5 16 26 12 32 4 31 7 11 10 6 17 17 13 5 22 9 14 9 6 18 5 {2,341 2,361 2,381 2,401 2,421 2,441 2,461 2,481 2,501 2,521 2,541 2,561 2,581 2,601 2,621 2,641 2,661 2,680 2,700 2,721 2,741 2,761 2,781 2,801 2,821 2,841 2,861 2,881- 2,901- 2,921- 2,941 2,961 2,981- 3,001- 3,021- 3,041- 3,061- 3,081- 3,101- 3,121- -2,360 -2,380 -2,400 -2,420 -2,440 -2,460 -2,480 -2,500 -2,520 -2,540 -2,560 -2,580 -2,600 -2,620 -2,640 -2,660 -2,680 -2,700 -2,720 -2,740 -2,760 -2,780 -2,800 -2,820 -2,840 -2,860 -2,880 -2,900 -2,920 -2,940 -2,960 -2,980 -3,000 -3,020 -3,040 -3,060 -3,080 -3,100 -3,120. -3,140 13 1 7 18 6 6 12 4 8 29 1 22 3 11 3 9 11 2 12 1 2 3 64 9 2 1 2 1 3 1 18 3,141-3,160 3,161-3,180 3,181-3,200 3,201-3,220 3,221-3,240 3,241-3,260 3,261-3,280 3,281-3,300 3,301-3,320 3,321-3,340 3,341-3,360 3,361-3,380 3,381-3,400 3,401-3,420 3,421-3,440 3,441-3,460 3,461-3,480 3,481-3,500 3,501-3,520 3,521-3,540 3,541-3,560 3,561-3,580 3,581-3,600 3,601-3,620 3,621-3,640 3,641-3,660 3,661-3,680 3,681-3,700 3,701-3,720 3,721-3,740 3,741-3,760 3,761-3,780 3,781-3,800 3,801-3,820 3,821-3,840 3,841-3,860 3,861-3,880 3,881-3,900. •Total . * Exchange and part-time teachers hot included. I 26 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. EXPENDITURE FOR EDUCATION FOR SCHOOL-YEAR 1936-37. Minister's Office: Salaries $4,230.00 Office supplies 97.93 Travelling expenses 1,485.75 $5,813.68 General Office: Salaries $23,089.70 Office supplies 3,114.97 Travelling expenses 338.05 26,542.72 Text-book Branch: Free text-books, maps, etc. 55,107.53 Correspondence Schools—High: Salaries $24,960.12 Office supplies 6,749.31 Revision of courses 1,057.98 Travelling expenses 375.00 Science equipment 913.02 Payment to Text-book Branch for special services 180.00 $34,235.43 Less fees 7,338.30 Correspondence Schools—Elementary: Salaries $10,674.37 Office supplies 3,001.32 Travelling expenses 120.60 Industrial Education: Salaries $9,321.35 Office supplies 2,138.55 Travelling- expenses 2,570.99 Grants in aid 5,534.30 Night-schools 22,304.21 Inspection of Schools: Salaries $74,520.08 Office supplies 6,978.27 Travelling expenses 26,338.42 Administration (new areas) 9,489.27 $117,326.04 Less amount paid by School Boards 6,837.65 Normal School, Vancouver: Salaries (less deduction for rent, $468) $34,096.32 Office supplies 2,431.94 Travelling expenses 589.27 Fuel, light, and water 2,035.81 Allowance to Demonstration School 1,260.00 Maintenance and repairs (by Public Works) 1,633.70 Incidentals 695.22 $42,742.26 Less Normal School fees 18,562.50 26,897.13 13,796.29 41,869.40 110,488.39 24,179.76 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 27 Normal School, Victoria: Salaries (part by Public Works) $31,756.96 Office supplies 1,512.79 Travelling expenses 151.31 Fuel, light, and water (by Public Works) 2,225.09 Maintenance and repairs (by Public Works) 5,699.32 Transportation of students to outlying practice-schools 317.12 Allowance to Demonstration School 475.00 Incidentals 567.27 $42,704.86 Less Normal School fees 7,533.15 School for the Deaf and the Blind: Salaries (less deductions for rent, etc., $4,170.90) $30,119.60 Office supplies . 807.51 Laundry and janitor supplies 1,157.94 Travelling expenses , 332.74 Fuel, light, and water 2,545.32 Maintenance and repairs (by Public Works) 2,238.34 Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 1,277.71 Provisions 4,248.74 Special apparatus 427.47 Incidentals 867.23 $44,022.60 Less amount received for board and tuition of pupils from Alberta and Saskatchewan 2,720.00 High. Junior High. Salary grants to cities $287,468.93 $122,411.28 Salary grants to district municipalities 89,420.25 13,735.40 Salary grants to rural school districts 63,519.49 9,595.00 Salary grants to community school districts $440,408.67 $145,741.68 $82,628.42 $1,568,922.84 $35,171.71 Superior. $2,439.00 Elementary. $570,868.01 41,302.60 983,187.22 5,119.90 358,129.52 466,405.07 75,069.52 626,795.11 774,979.12 13.130.20 13.130.20 School buildings, erection and maintenance, and special aid to school districts 108,075.54 Education of soldiers' dependent children and expenses 10,646.15 Examination of High School and Entrance classes $33,664.88 Less fees for examination and certificates 26,798.17 6,866.71 Conveying children to central schools 73,057.38 School libraries 8,824.79 Summer schools and teacher-training for special certificates $17,832.91 Summer School fees 23,214.49 Credit $5,381.58 Official Trustees, Community School Districts: Salary $1,281.06 Expenses 468.27 $1,749.33 Less paid by districts 874.66 874.67 I 28 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. Board of Reference $369.17 Less fees 75.00 ,17 Adult education: Extension and adult education and education of the unemployed- $34,258.84 Recreational and physical education for youths over school age 33,552.31 67,811.15 Curriculum revision 15,788.68 Incidentals and contingencies ; 4,431.78 University of British Columbia 362,499.97 Special grant to Victoria College 5,000.00 $3,283,041.81 Less credit for Summer Schools 5,381.58 Total cost to Government $3,277,660.23 Amount expended by districts, including debt charges: High. Junior High. Superior. Elementary. Cities $1,441,878.43 $510,996.11 $2,394.79 $2,600,842.97 4,556,112.30 District municipalities. 271,696.37 40,123.16 16,781.37 603,969.82 932,570.72 Rural school districts 134,977.84 35,102.55 104,565.04 531,973.85 806,619.28 Community school districts 70.00 20,530.11 20,600.11 $1,848,622.64 $586,221.82 $123,741.20 $3,757,316.75 Grand total cost of education $9,593,562.64 EXAMINATIONS. High School Entrance Examinations, June, 1937. The High School Entrance Examination was held on June 28th, 29th, and 30th at 116 centres throughout the Province. Under the regulations of the Department, promotion by recommendation is granted as follows:—■ "(a.) Entrance pupils attending a public school in a school district where a high or superior school is in operation and Entrance pupils attending a public school in a school district adjacent to a district having a high or superior school who are reported by their teachers to have covered thoroughly the work prescribed by the Council of Public Instruction for Grade VIIL, and who are recommended for promotion to high school by a committee composed of the principal of the school, the principal of the nearest high or superior school, and the Inspector of Schools, Provincial or Municipal, having jurisdiction in that district, shall be issued Entrance certificates by the Department. " (b.) In any other public school, where, in the opinion of the Inspector, the grading of the pupils is satisfactory, their standing is of a high order, and a teacher of proven worth is employed, Entrance pupils who are reported by the teacher to have covered thoroughly the work prescribed by the Council of Public Instruction for Grade VIIL and are jointly recommended for promotion to high school by the teacher and the Inspector for the district, shall also be issued Entrance certificates by the Department." The number of pupils who obtained certificates was as follows:— By recommendation 6,327 By examination 550 Total 6,877 Medals. The awarding of medals has been discontinued. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 29 High School Examinations, 1937. The following are the results of the examinations held in the various high schools throughout the Province:—■ June, 1937. Total No. of Candidates Writing. Writing the Full Examination. Writing Partial Examination. No. of Candidates. No. passed in all Subjects. No. granted Partial Standing. No. of Candidates. No. granted Partial Standing. Grade XII- - Senior Matriculation 4,538 797 1,545 S20> 1,043 191 502 128 2,993 477 2,761 370 Totals-- 5,335 1,865 1,234 630 3,470 3,131 August, 1937. Total No. of Candidates Writing. No. passed in all Subjects. No. granted Partial Standing. Grade XII. - - 909 330 561 194 223 72 Totals- 1,239 755 295 Grade XII. Of the 372 Grade XII. candidates who secured " complete" standing at the August Examinations, 1937, 174 had written a full examination for the first time in June, 1937, and obtained partial standing. Thus, of the 1,545 candidates who wrote a full examination for the first time in June, 1937, 1,043 + 174, or 1,217, completed their standing in one year (1937). This is 78.8 per cent. Including the number who completed Grade XII. by writing a partial examination in either June or August, a total of 2,028 completed Grade XII. in the school-year 1936-37. • Senior Matriculation. Of the 71 Senior Matriculation candidates who secured " complete" standing at the August Examinations, 1937, 46 had written a full examination for the first time in June, 1937, and obtained partial standing. Thus, of the 320 candidates who wrote a full examination for the first time in June, 1937, 191 + 46, or 237, completed their standing in one year (1937). This is 74.1 per cent. Medals. The awarding of medals has been discontinued. Scholarships. The Royal Institution Scholarships awarded annually by the University of British Columbia to the students who led in the respective districts were won by the following:— District. Name. High School. Per Cent. Scholarship. 91.2 91.2 $150 150 86.6 150 90.4 150 90.7 150 90.0 150 86.4 150 90.8 150 89.1 150 Province ' No. *Grace Irene Cuthbert *Janet Macdonald Tupper.. Ar thur Da vies Gertrude Lillian Nelson-. Kiyoshi Kato-.__._ MacLean, Maple Ridge- Vernon Oak Bay __ La dy sm ith Betty Doreen Bolduc Brita Helena Vesterback- Joyce Kathleen Morris Roy Vincent Jackson _. Kitsilano, Vancouver- Magee, Vancouver Mount Lehman Penticton _. Creston. * These two students tied for leading place in the Junior Matriculation Examination. I 30 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. The winners of the three scholarships awarded by the University of British Columbia on the results of the Senior Matriculation Examination to (1) the two students obtaining the highest standing in the Province, (2) the student obtaining the highest standing in districts other than Greater Vancouver and New Westminster, were:-—■ Name. High School. Per Cent. Scholarship. 90.9 S6.4 83.3 $150 150' 150 The conditions under which these scholarships are awarded are fully outlined in the Calendar of the University of British Columbia. STUDENT REPRESENTATION AT THE CORONATION. An event of outstanding historic significance in the educational history of the Province was the attendance of eighteen students representing the Public Secondary Schools of British Columbia at the Coronation Ceremony of His Majesty King George VI. and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth on May 12th, 1937. The arrangements for the visit of these students to the Motherland, as well as those from the other Provinces of Canada, were under the direction of Major F. J. Ney, M.C., LL.D., Honorary Secretary of the Overseas Education League. Miss Florence Stuart Mulloy, B.A., of Vancouver, accompanied the students from British Columbia as their personal supervisor. In her official report submitted after her return to Vancouver, Miss Mulloy wrote thus:— " The students sailed from Montreal on April 28th and 30th and returned there on July 1st. Three weeks were spent in London, where a varied and interesting programme was carried out. This included a view of the Coronation procession from a stand opposite Buckingham Palace, visits to the Houses of Parliament, Tower of London, The Middle and Inner Temple. Among the outstanding events were the Empire Youth Rally at Albert Hall, the Youth Service at Westminster Abbey, and the Empire Service at St. Paul's Cathedral. " Following the London visit, the students were entertained at Host schools in different parts of the country. Next the boys spent a week at Folkestone and the girls at Eastbourne. " The Acting Agent-General for British Columbia was keenly interested in the group, and not only arranged a visit to the Houses of Parliament, but invited the students to be present at the dedicatory service at St. Mary Woolnoth Church and at the memorial service at Captain Vancouver's grave. " Throughout the entire tour the Canadian students were accorded the greatest kindness by the Overseas Education League and by the many individuals and societies who entertained them. I should like to state that the students acquitted themselves well and were a credit to the schools they represented. Many of them contributed articles to school papers, and all kept diaries and collected pictures to be used when they share their experiences with their fellow-students." The names of the students who were accorded this high honour and privilege, together with the names of the high schools they represented, are:— Name. School. City or Municipality. Girls. Byers, Winnie Davis, Ethel Margaret.. Hammerton, Edna Heddle, Aimee Olivia..... O'Connell, Ellen Anne. Percival, Geraldine. Raley, Elaine John Oliver High Kamloops Junior-Senior High Fairview High School of Commerce- Victoria High Smith, Wilma Gene Margaret- Stewart, Elizabeth Jean Mount View High Oak Bay High Prince of Wales High.. Burnaby South High.... Lord Byng High Vancouver. Kamloops. Vancouver. Victoria. Saanich. Oak Bay. Vancouver. Burnaby. Vancouver. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 31 Student Representation at the Coronation—Continued. Name. School. City or Municipalty. Boys. Brady, Edward Gillespie, Wallace Potter Horswill, Sydney Richard Kobayashi, Yutaka McLellan, Donald Ellis Oughton, William Parsons, Terrence George.. Scott, Harry James Alexander.. Wickstrom, Tage Technical— North Vancouver High.. Nelson High Richmond High John Shaw Junior High.. Kitsilano Junior High T. J. Trapp Technical Chilliwack High Templeton Junior High- Vancouver. North Vancouver. Nelson. Richmond. Nanaimo. Vancouver. New Westminster. Chilliwack. Vancouver. SOUVENIR CORONATION BOOKLET. On the first page of this pleasing souvenir the following statement appeared:—- " This booklet has been prepared by the Department of Education, Victoria, British Columbia, for presentation to every boy and girl in the elementary and high schools of the Province. It is a souvenir to mark the Coronation of His Majesty King George VI. and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth on May 12th, 1937." In addition to photographic reproductions of Their Majesties King George VI. and Queen Elizabeth and of the Royal Family, the booklet contained, among other interesting features, the memorable words spoken to the boys and girls of the Empire by His Late Majesty King George V. in his Silver Jubilee Broadcast of May 6th, 1935; the message addressed to the school-children of Canada by His Excellency the Right Honourable Baron Tweedsmuir, Governor-General of Canada; messages to the children of British Columbia from His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, Mr. Eric W. Hamber, and the Honourable the Prime Minister of British Columbia, Dr. T. D. Pattullo; and a message to the schoolchildren of the Province from the Honourable the Minister of Education, Dr. G. M. Weir. LARGER ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS. The experimental work done in the Peace River District during the school-years 1934-35 and 1935-36 by creating one large administrative area from sixty-three formerly existing school districts had proved so successful that it had attracted attention not only in other parts of this Province, but also in the other Provinces of Canada. As a natural consequence, ratepayers in other sections of the Province have sought the formation of larger units of administration for school purposes. The school-year 1936—37 has been marked with genuine achievement in this progressive movement. In August, 1935, the District Municipality School Districts of Matsqui and Sumas and the Abbotsford School District were all placed under the Official Trusteeship of the late P. H. Sheffield, Inspector of Schools. By the " Abbotsford School District Act Amendment Act, 1936," the District Municipality School Districts of Matsqui and Sumas were abolished, and the Abbotsford School District redefined as follows:— " All that certain parcel or tract of land situate in Group 2, New Westminster District, which comprises the respective areas within the limits of the following:— "(a.) The Corporation of the District of Sumas: "(6.) The Corporation of the District of Matsqui: "(c.) The Corporation of the Village of Abbotsford: "(d.) The South-west Quarter of Section 2, Township 16, being the Townsite of Huntingdon; and " (e.) That portion of Township 20 lying south of the Fraser River which is not within the limits of The Corporation of the District of Sumas, The Corporation of the District of Matsqui, or The Corporation of the Township of Chilliwack." In the closing weeks of the school-year 1935-36, the qualified voters present at special meetings held in eleven different places in the Abbotsford School District voted almost unanimously in favour of the formation of an Educational Administrative Area, and on I 32 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. July 10th, 1936, pursuant to the provisions of clause (u) of section 12 of the " Public Schools Act," as amended in 1936, the Abbotsford School District was designated as an Educational Administrative Area to be known as the Matsqui-Sumas-Abbotsford Educational Administrative Area. The school affairs in an Educational Administrative Area are administered by a Director of Education who must be an Inspector of Schools. At the end of May, 1936, the North Saanich, Sidney, and Deep Cove Rural School Districts were united into one school district to be known as the North Saanich Consolidated Rural School District. With the beginning of the school-year 1936-37, the schools of this district were reorganized and elementary, junior high, and high school classes conducted. On July 27th, 1936, at a meeting of the qualified voters of North Gabriola, South Gabriola, and East Gabriola Rural School Districts, a unanimous resolution was passed in favour of consolidation. On August 7th, 1937, these three districts were united under the name of the Gabriola United Rural School District. The reorganization made possible the establishment of a superior school. Towards the end of the school-year 1936-37 the Boards of School Trustees and the ratepayers of the Rural School Districts of Annie Bay, Lang Bay, and Kelly Creek, in regular meetings assembled, passed resolutions in favour of the union of the districts for school purposes. On June 3rd, 1937, the union was authorized by the Council of Public Instruction and the larger administrative area so formed was named the Stillwater United Rural School District. Once again the larger unit made possible the establishment of a superior school. Again on July 13th, 1937, there was formed the Yahk United Rural School District, which included the former Rural School Districts of Curzon, Kingsgate, and Yahk, together with additional previously unorganized territory. All of these larger administrative areas are under Boards of School Trustees except the Matsqui-Sumas-Abbotsford Educational Administrative Area. The gradual development of the Saltspring Island High School Area, although not a school district, is a phase of the growth of larger units of administration for school purposes. On August 30th, 1935, the Ganges-Vesuvius High School Area was formed. On July 17th, 1936, this High School Area was extended to include the North Vesuvius Rural School District. Burgoyne Bay and Divide Rural School Districts were brought within the Area on September 4th, 1936, and the Area renamed as the Saltspring Island High School Area. ADDITIONAL FACILITIES FOR THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN IN ISOLATED DISTRICTS. By legislative enactment that came into force April 1st, 1936, it was made lawful for the Council of Public Instruction, with the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, " upon receipt of a report from the Superintendent of Education, to grant a sum of money payable from the Provincial Treasury towards the salary of any person holding a teacher's certificate of qualification issued by the Department who is employed with the sanction of the Superintendent of Education for the purpose of giving instruction in the prescribed courses of study for public schools to children between the ages of six and eighteen years in any part of the Province where there is not a sufficient number of children available for the establishment of a public school, and where instruction by means of correspondence courses is considered inexpedient; but the amount so granted in any year in respect of each child instructed shall not exceed the average cost per pupil to the Crown for the education of pupils in the public schools of the Province for the last preceding school-year." During the school-year 1936-37, under these provisions of the " Public Schools Act," seven teachers holding certificates of qualification gave instruction to twenty-seven pupils living in isolated districts and received grants from the Provincial Treasury for their services. DEATH OF PHILIP HUDSON SHEFFIELD, INSPECTOR OF SCHOOLS. On October 6th, 1936, the Department of Education, through the death of Philip Hudson Sheffield, lost the services of a faithful and efficient member of its staff of Inspectors of Schools. Mr. Sheffield received his appointment as Inspector of Schools on August 16th, 1923, and took up his duties in that capacity with headquarters at Nelson, where he remained till midsummer, 1935. His work in this district was notable for the effective service he rendered in extending the establishment of schools among the Doukhobors. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. I 33 On August 8th, 1935, he was appointed Official Trustee of Abbotsford, Matsqui, and Sumas School Districts and transferred to Abbotsford. With the formation of the Matsqui- Sumas-Abbotsford Educational Administrative Area on July 10th, 1936, he became Director of Education for the area, the first Inspector of Schools of the Province to assume that title. This office he held until the time of his death. An indefatigable worker and kindly supervisor, Mr. Sheffield won the confidence and profound respect of the teachers with whom he worked. It is with deep regret that this official record of his passing is written. CHANGES IN THE STAFF. On January 31st, 1937, Miss E. M. Coney retired on superannuation from the staff of the Provincial Normal School, Vancouver. Since her appointment to that staff on March 1st, 1913, Miss Coney had given instruction in Music to teachers-in-training and had by her efficient enthusiasm created a keen interest in the subject. On August 1st, 1937, Miss E. M. McManus, Mus.B., M.A., of the Kitsilano Junior High School staff, Vancouver, was appointed to the staff of the Provincial Normal School, Vancouver. Mr. C. G. Brown, B.A., Inspector of Schools, Burnaby, was made Municipal Inspector of Schools for Burnaby School District on April 1st, 1937. An addition was made to the staff of Inspectors of Schools on August 15th, 1937, by the appointment of H. M. Morrison, Ph.D. Dr. Morrison was a member of the Lord Byng High School staff, Vancouver, and had just returned from a further year of postgraduate study at the University of Chicago. He was assigned to the Prince Rupert Inspectorial District. After serving as Principal of the Model School of the Provincial Normal School, Victoria, since August 1st, 1915, Miss Kate Scanlan retired on superannuation, August 31st, 1937. Keenly progressive and thoroughly efficient, Miss Scanlan, during the twenty-one years of her principalship, exerted an abiding and uplifting influence not only on the pupils of her school, but on the thousands of teachers-in-training who sought her wise counsel. To succeed Miss Scanlan, Miss Isabel M. L. Bescoby, M.A., Officer in Charge of the Elementary Correspondence School, Department of Education, was appointed Principal of the Model School on September 1st, 1937. Miss Anna B. Miller, of the staff of the Elementary Correspondence School, was appointed, September 1st, 1937, as Officer in Charge to replace Miss Bescoby. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, S. J. WILLIS, Superintendent of Education. I 34 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. PROVINCIAL NORMAL SCHOOLS. PROVINCIAL NORMAL SCHOOL, VANCOUVER. REPORT OF A. R. LORD, B.A., PRINCIPAL. The thirty-sixth report of the Vancouver Normal School must record the retirement from active work of three veteran members of the staff—Principal D. M. Robinson, B.A.; Mr. J. A. Macintosh, B.Sc; and Miss E. M. Coney. Mr. Robinson had served twenty-five years, sixteen as principal, Mr. Macintosh seventeen years, .and Miss Coney twenty-five years. All have left a lasting impression on the hundreds of students who passed through their hands and have had a large share in moulding the youth of British Columbia. Mr. T. R. Hall, B.A., former School Principal and Inspector of Schools, joined the staff in September. His natural ability and his background of experience have made him invaluable. Miss Mildred McManus, M.A., Mus.B., was appointed as instructress in Music and in Voice Production in readiness for the opening of the present session. Miss McManus has had extensive training in this important field. She has, for some years, had charge of Music in the Kitsilano Junior-Senior High School. Mr. Burton Kurth, recently selected as Supervisor of Music for Vancouver Schools, filled a temporary vacancy during the spring term. A tribute is due to both Mr. and Mrs. Kurth for their unsparing and very successful efforts. The enrolment for the year follows:— Women. Men. Total. 94 8 6 43 1 137 8 7 108 44 152 Illness or other causes compelled four students to withdraw. Diplomas were issued to 112. Special students and teachers from the Prairie Provinces who are required to attend for three months do not receive diplomas. The student-load of class-periods was fixed at twenty-one per week. This reduction was made possible through the establishment of a course in " Principles of Teaching," designed to cut across the entire subject-matter field, thereby permitting a decided decrease in the number of periods required for specific methodology. It also made possible more observation and participation in the Model School. During the autumn term students used the Model School in two ways. They observed lessons which demonstrated those principles which they had discussed in the course on " Principles of Teaching" and they participated in the routine class-room work. Each demonstration lesson was followed by a discussion in which the Model teacher, the Normal instructor, and students shared. Participation was intended to provide some preliminary training prior to the Teaching Practicum. It was entirely for practice, hence nothing in the way of formal criticism was required. The Teaching Practicum was divided into two periods, each of four weeks, one in February and the other in April. Assignments were in the form of units of work, which were introduced, developed, and completed. Two students were assigned to a class-room and each took.complete charge of at least three units where the nature of the subject permitted unit- organization. Practice in rural schools, an important phase of any Normal School programme, is not practicable in this school. Nothing approaching an ungraded school exists within 30 miles of Vancouver, while the cost and the difficulty of securing temporary boarding-places render the more remote ones out of the question. As an alternative an ungraded class-room has been established in connection with the Model School. It has been used generously, almost PROVINCIAL NORMAL SCHOOLS. I 35 every student having observed and practised in it, in the aggregate, for more than a week. Its particular value lies in the fact that, thanks to the teacher in charge, this class-room approached closely to perfection. Something more than a word of thanks is due to the School Boards, officials, and teaching staffs of Vancouver and the surrounding municipalities for their very real helpfulness throughout the year. To Principal Woodhead and the staff of the Model School we are especially indebted. PROVINCIAL NORMAL SCHOOL, VICTORIA. REPORT OF V. L. DENTON, B.A., PRINCIPAL. The session of 1936-37 opened on September 9th, 1937, and closed on June 11th, 1937. During the year, sixty-three students were in attendance. Of these, eight were repeating the course and four took refresher courses in order to qualify for a British Columbia certificate. Diplomas were awarded to fifty-nine students, of whom three received honour standing. The Strathcona Trust gold medals for excellence in physical training were won by Miss Annie Sylvia Walker, of Beaver Lodge, Alberta, and William Dennan Reid, of Victoria. The following table presents a summary of the enrolment:— Women. Men. Total. 40 4 19 59 Failed . 4 Totals — 44 19 63 Practice-teaching was carried on in the municipal schools of Victoria, Esquimalt, and Saanich, and in near-by rural schools. Grades I. to VI. in the Oaklands Public School were organized by Municipal Inspector Deane as a Demonstration School and the Normal School students made full use of the opportunity for observation and practice-teaching so kindly provided. At the end of the school-year Miss K. Scanlan, Principal of the Model School, resigned on pension and Miss Isabel Bescoby, M.A., was appointed to the position. During the past twenty years Miss Scanlan has given her pupils a fine training in self-activity and self- reliance. In socializing class-room procedure she was a pioneer of outstanding ability among the teachers of this Province. This school-year has been marked by the introduction of the New Course of Study for Elementary and Junior High Schools. Individual members of the staff have been called upon to give afternoon lectures to groups of teachers, and to arrange conferences and exhibitions of work at the Normal School for visiting teachers and interested parents. In all of these activities the staff has co-operated loyally and efficiently. It has been a profitable, stimulating, and busy year. The students adopted the principles of the new procedure in a fine spirit. Their cheerfulness and helpfulness on all occasions was most marked and deeply appreciated by the staff. We wish them well in their chosen work. I 36 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. SUMMER SCHOOL OF EDUCATION. REPORT OF H. L. CAMPBELL, B.A., DIRECTOR. A Provincial Summer School of Education for Teachers was held in Victoria and Vancouver from July 5th to August 6th, 1937. Several new features were authorized by the Department of Education for inclusion in the programme. Briefly these may be listed as follows:—■ Provision of a system of credits on a unit basis, one and one-quarter units being awarded for a twenty-five-hour course. Provision for seven and one-half units, of post Normal School training, as one requirement for permanent certification. Provision for seven and one-half units of teacher-training as one requirement for permanent certification in Home Economics. Provision for holders of Second-class Certificates to secure First-class Certificates by completing satisfactorily specified courses offered in the Summer School of Education. Provision of prescribed texts and readings on each course and tests and examinations for credit. Provision for a rotation of courses for the training of Specialists in Art, Music, Physical and Commercial Education. Provision of a laboratory and observation class of elementary-school pupils in which an attempt was made to produce an ideal school-room situation. COURSES AND ENROLMENT. The Summer School of Education operated courses in Victoria and Vancouver. Courses. Instructors. Enrolment. 7 55 6 30 129 891 62 36 1,020 The courses offered were grouped into divisions or fields. The courses and enrolments were as follows:— History and Philosophy of Education: Enrolments. No. 1. Principles and Technique of Teaching 169 No. 2. The New Curriculum: Its Objectives and Procedures... 96 No. 3. Seminar: The School in the Social Order 19 Psychology and Measurement: No. 10. Educational Psychology 182 No. 11. Educational Measurement 96 Organization and Administration: No. 30. Class-room Organization and Management 102 French: No. 41. Junior High School French 12 No. 42. French Civilization, Correct Forms, Conversational Idiom 14 Graphic Arts: No. 50. Art in the Elementary School 42 No. 51. Art in the Junior High School Grades 20 No. 52. Art Appreciation 60 No. 54. Elementary Typewriting 37 Practical Arts: No. 60-1. Practical Arts in Elementary Grades 117 English: No. 70. Language Arts in the Elementary School 46 No. 71. The Teaching of Reading and Literature 38 SUMMER SCHOOL OF EDUCATION. I 37 English:—Continued. Enrolments. No. 72. Senior Matriculation Literature 17 No. 73. Senior Matriculation Composition 22 Mathematics: No. 80. Elementary School Arithmetic 24 No. 81. Junior High School Mathematics 19 Primary Education: No. 90. Principles of Primary Education 119 No. 91. Primary Observation and Practice 140 No. 92. Social Studies in the Primary Grades 127 Science: No. 100. The Foundations of Science 41 No. 101. The Teaching of General Science 139 No. 102. Foundations of Biology (Vancouver) 20 No. 103. The Teaching of Biology in Secondary Schools (Vancouver)-, 23 Social Studies: No. 110. Method in Geography 92 No. 111. Method in History and Civics 43 No. 112. Geography of the Americas 19 No. 113. Senior Matriculation History 28 No. 114. Senior Matriculation Economic History 13 Commercial Education: No. 120-1. Stenography—Theory and Practice 18 No. 122. Teaching Methods in Stenography 18 No. 123-4. Typewriting—Theory and Methods 15 No. 125-6. Book-keeping—Theory and Practice 13 No. 127. Teaching Methods in Book-keeping 12 No. 130. Commercial Arithmetic 19 Music Education: No. 140. Junior School Music 76 No. 141. Music in the Upper Grades 55 Melody and Harmony I 13 Rudiments of Music 8 Choral Singing I 18 Psychology and Pedagogy of Music 9 Form Instrumentation and History 5 Harmony II 1 Choral Singing II 5 Physical Education : No. 160. Introduction to Physical Education 36 No. 161. Materials and Methods in Health Education 27 No. 167. Elementary Physical Education Laboratory 52 No. 168. Advanced Physical Education Laboratory 26 No. 176. Physical Education Activities 16 No. 179. Rhythmic and Dramatic Play 31 Art Education (Specialist) : No. 181. Drawing and Painting (Vancouver) 58 No. 182. Design and Colour (Vancouver) 57 Home Economics Education: No. 200. Curriculum and Methods in Home Economics 20 No. 201. Problems in Dress Design, Fitting, and Pattern Study 23 No. 201b. Appreciation in Dress 35 I 38 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. Librarianship: Enrolments. No. 210. School Library Organization and Management 35 No. 211. Functions of the School Library . 33 Technical Education: No. 220. Industrial Arts—Woodwork, Grades VII.-IX. (Vancouver) 10 No. 221. Industrial Arts—Woodwork, Grades X.-XII. (Vancouver) 16 No. 224. Industrial Arts — Electrical Work, Grades VII.-XII. (Vancouver) 22 Total of Student Courses 2,718 Detailed course prescriptions will be found in the 1937 bulletin of the Summer School of Education, published by the Department of Education. Schematic outlines showing the content of each course are on file in the Summer School Office. REGISTRATION. An analysis of the registration reveals the following information concerning those in attendance:— Teaching Experience: From 1 to 3 years 356 From 4 to 6 years 113 From 7 to 9 years . 101 From 10 to 12 years 107 More than 13 years 271 Not reported 72 Total 1,020 Class of School : Teaching in rural schools 418 Teaching in urban schools 487 Not reported 115 Total 1,020 Class of Certificate: Academic Certificate 79 First-class Certificate 420 Second-class Certificate 383 Third-class Certificate 9 Special Certificate 36 Not reported 93 Total 1 1,020 Classification of Students. For the purposes of registration and record, students were enrolled under one of the following classes:— Interim.—Graduates of Provincial Normal Schools in 1935 and succeeding years who were taking courses for credit toward permanent certification. Special.—Teachers, holding Second-class Life Certificates, who desired to raise this certificate to a First-class Life Certificate. Regular.—Teachers holding Life Certificates but desiring to earn credits as evidence of more advanced academic and professional qualification. Non-resident.—Teachers, not resident in British Columbia, who desired to take courses for credit or otherwise. Auditors.—Persons taking courses for which no credit was sought. SUMMER SCHOOL OF EDUCATION. I 39 The following are the numbers of students enrolled in this classification:— Interim 253 Special .... 259 Regular 364 Non-resident : 33 Auditors 18 Not reported 93 Totals .. 1,020 Previous Attendance at Summer School. Those in attendance:— For the first time in 15 years 20 For the first time in 10 years 122 For the first time in 5 years 237 For the first time.. 543 Not reported 98 FACULTY. A very able group of lecturers was engaged for the session. All but two of these were members of the teaching profession in British Columbia. The visiting lecturers were Dr. Roy Ivan Johnson, Professor of Education, Stephen's College, Columbia, Missouri, and Miss Lillian Locke, Assistant Professor of Household Arts, Columbia University, New York. Members of the Faculty were as follows: — Bollert, Grace, B.A Provincial Normal School, Vancouver. Brandreth, W. G., M.I.H., B.P.E Supervisor, Physical Education, Vancouver. Bruce, Graham, B.A High School of Commerce, Vancouver. Creelman, Helen, B.A School Librarian, Vancouver. Darling, Gordon, B.Sc Technical School, Vancouver. Ewing, J. M., B.A., D.Paed Provincial Normal School, Vancouver. Flather, D. M., B.A Britannia High School, Vancouver. Gibbard, J. E., B.A Magee High School, Vancouver. Gough, John, M.A Provincial Normal School, Victoria. Hall, T. R., B.A Provincial Normal School, Vancouver. Hards, A. A., B.A King George High School, Vancouver. Henderson, Florence Manual Arts Assistant, Vancouver. Hill, Henry, F.Coll.H Supervisor, Manual Arts, Vancouver. James, Marion Model School, Victoria. Jones, W. R . Commercial Specialist, High School, Saanich. Johnson, Roy Ivan, A.M., Ph.D Professor, Stephen's College, Columbia, Missouri. Lee, Ernest, B.A Director, Physical Education, New Westminster. Locke, Lillian H., B.Sc, M.A Professor of Household Arts, Columbia University, New York. Limpus, G. H., B.A. Kitsilano Junior High School, Vancouver. MacKenzie, H. H., B.A Inspector of Schools, Vancouver. Martin, A. E. C, B.Sc Provincial Normal School, Vancouver. Matheson, A. S., B.A Inspector of Schools, Kelowna. McManus, Mildred, Mus.B., M.A..... Provincial Normal School, Vancouver. Melvin, Grace, D.A The Vancouver School of Art, Vancouver. Murphy, Nita, B.Sc Provincial Normal School, Victoria. Noble, Louise George Jay School, Victoria. Parker, E. W Technical School, Vancouver. Parkes, Jessie Manual Arts Assistant, Vancouver. ; ' ... Pritchard, Vaughan Commercial Specialist, Victoria High School. I 40 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. Reese-Burns, Ethel, A.T.C.M Provincial Normal School, Victoria. Shadbolt, J. L Art Specialist, Kitsilano Junior High School, Vancouver. Scott, Charles H., Dip., G.S.A Director, The Vancouver School of Art. Smith, Harry L., M.A Principal, Victoria High School. Weston, W. P., A.R.C.A Provincial Normal School, Vancouver. Wickett, F. T. C, A.R.C.O Provincial Normal School, Victoria. Wishart, Alfred Technical School, Vancouver. LIBRARY. Before the opening of the session each instructor w,as required to submit a list of the most important reference books for his course. These books were borrowed or purchased and placed " on reserve " in the Library and might be taken out by students for one-hour periods or for overnight. The Library contained over 2,000 volumes of the most important reference books and remained open from 8 o'clock in the morning until 10 o'clock at night. Thanks are due to those in charge of the following institutions for their generosity in lending books to the Summer School Library:— Provincial Normal School, Vancouver. Provincial Normal School, Victoria. Provincial Legislative Library. Provincial Library Commission. Victoria Public Library. Victoria Teachers' Professional Library. Victoria High School Library. Office of Provincial Director of Home Economics. Office of Curriculum and Technical Adviser. TEXT-BOOK DISPLAYS. A book display comprising the offerings of the leading educational publishers was held in the school for the duration of the session. Over 1,500 visits to this room are recorded. The following publishing firms submitted exhibits of educational books :•—■ The Macmillan Company. Thomas Nelson & Sons. J. M. Dent & Sons. Little, Brown & Company. Ginn & Company. Allyn & Bacon. W. J. Gage & Company. Webster Publishing Company. LABORATORY SCHOOL. A demonstration class of Grade I. and Grade II. children was in operation for the duration of the session. In this an attempt was made to create a class-room situation in harmony with the ideals of the curriculum. The techniques of instruction were those advocated in the methods courses and in the Programme of Studies. For an hour and a half a day 140 teachers observed the work of this class and during the session each teacher made a detailed case-study of two of the pupils. The observation period was followed by a discussion period. ART AND MUSIC. In addition to the courses regularly offered in these fields, an excellent series of Art and Music Appreciation lectures and Art displays were provided during the session. No fee was charged for these, and many students, not taking courses in these subjects, welcomed the opportunity of attending. EXTRA-CURRICULAR FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES. Every facility was offered the students during the session for attendance at lectures, concerts, dramatic performances, excursions, and social functions. The Department of Education withdrew the registration fee of $3 which had been paid by students in previous years, SS ■s o Eh ■■ '-. .... ■ ■ ■■ Laboratory School. B£-'-':! ■ ** Physical Education. SUMMER SCHOOL OF EDUCATION. I 41 and initiated an activity fee of $2, which admitted the students without payment of an admission charge to all extra-curricular functions and activities. The programme of extra-curricular functions was as follows:— First Week: July 5th.-—Opening Assembly. Address: Dr. G. M. Weir, Minister of Education. July 6th.—Lecture: The Place of Drama in School and Community Life, by Major Bullock-Webster, Provincial Organizer of School and Community Drama. Demonstration: Dramatic Art, by Miss Elsie McLuhan, Director, Van Kunitz Academy of Music and Art, Toronto. July 7th.—An Evening of Drama: Four one-act plays, by Muriel Thompson Players, The Shamrock Players, The Little Theatre Association, and Beaux Arts Players. July 9th.-—Lectures: The Utilization of Our Environment and The Child and His Book, by Miss Helen Reynolds, Director, Kindergarten, Primary Education, Seattle. July 10th.—Excursion to Grain Elevator and Cold Storage Plant. Second Week: July 13th.—Demonstration of Visual Education Equipment, with lectures on its use. July 14th.—Illustrated lecture on Fresco Painting, by Mrs. A. M. Young, Director of Art Education, Pioneer Art Museum, Seattle. July 16th.—Illustrated lecture on The Why and What of Traffic Safety Education, by Mrs. Evelyn MacLaurin, School Trustee, Victoria. Weekly dance in the school gymnasium. July 17th.—Excursion to Meteorological Observatory. Third Week: July 20th.—Bicycle cruise and beach fire at Cordova Bay. July 21st.—Vocal and instrumental concert, by Mary Bucklin Hammond, 'cellist; Una Calvert, pianist; and the Elizabethan Singers. July 22nd.—Swim party at the Crystal Garden. July 23rd.—Lecture: Three Goals of Teaching, by Professor Alfred Hall-Quest, of New York University, and editor of " The Educational Forum." Weekly dance in the school gymnasium. Fourth Week: July 27th.-—Lecture: Saving the Vision of School Children, by Dr. F. A. Osborne, Head, Department of Physics, University of Washington. Demonstration of Modern School Lighting at Sir James Douglas School. July 28th.—Lecture-Recital on the Concert Harp, by Ruth Lorraine Close, of Portland. July 29th.—Beach party and bonfire at Cadboro Bay. July 30th.—Lecture and demonstration on Beauty in Movement as a Living Art, by Diana Watts. Weekly dance in the school gymnasium. July 31st.—Excursion to Experimental Farm and Bazan Bay. Fifth Week: Aug. 2nd.—Excursion to Esquimalt Graving Dock, the C.P.R. " Empress of Canada," and H.M.S. " Exeter." Aug. 3rd.—Piano Lecture-Recital, by Gertrude Huntly Green. Physical Education display. Aug. 4th.—Lecture: A Woman's Show Window, by Miss Lillian Locke, Columbia University, New York. Weekly dance in the school gymnasium. Aug. 5th.—Address: The Educational and Social Implications of the Curriculum, by Dr. H. B. King, Curriculum and Technical Adviser to the Department of Education. In addition to the above, a full programme of the recreational sports of badminton, tennis, ping-pong, swimming, and Softball was organized and tournaments arranged. An extra-curricular keep-fit class and a tap-dancing class were in operation during the session. I 42 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. TECHNICAL EDUCATION. REPORT OF JOHN KYLE, A.R.C.A., OFFICER IN CHARGE. I have the honour of presenting a report for the year 1936-37 on the work of the following:— (a.) Manual Training (Woodwork) in elementary schools. (b.) Industrial Arts (Woodwork, Metalwork, and Electricity) in junior and senior high schools. (c.) Technical Option Courses in high schools ("A" Woodwork and "B" Metal- work) . (d.) High-school Commercial and High-school Agricultural Courses. (e.) Technical Schools in Vancouver and New Westminster. (/.) Vancouver School of Decorative and Applied Art. (g.) Night-schools for Adult Education. (h.) Mining Classes. (i.) Technical Subjects by Correspondence. (j.) Apprenticeship Council and " Apprenticeship Act." (k.) Teacher-training. MANUAL TRAINING (WOODWORK). (Grades VI., VII., and VIIL) This group is composed of elementary schools which have not yet been influenced by the junior high-school organization. Some very sparsely populated districts are voluntarily introducing Woodwork for their senior students, while larger communities which have not yet established manual training are beginning to feel pressure and will very soon decide to equip centres. The following forty-one districts in the Province haVe established manual training: Abbotsford, Burnaby, Chase River, Chilliwack City, Chilliwack Municipality, Courtenay, Cranbrook, Cumberland, Duncan, Esquimalt, Fairbridge Farm, Fernie, Harewood, loco, Kamloops, Kaslo, Kelowna, Ladysmith, Langley, Michel-Natal, Nanaimo, Nanaimo Bay, Nelson, New Westminster, North Vancouver, Oak Bay, Ocean Falls, Penticton, Pitt Meadows, Powell River, Prince Rupert, Richmond, South Wellington, Summerland, Surrey, Trail, University Hill, Vancouver, Vernon, Victoria, and West Vancouver. The total number of elementary-school centres in the Province, together with the number of pupils attending, are as follows:— Elementary-school manual-training shops 85 Elementary-school manual-training instructors 55 Elementary-school pupils attending 6,849 High-school pupils attending elementary-school centres 708 JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS (INDUSTRIAL ARTS). (Grades VII. to XII.) In the previous group manual training consists of the theory and practice of Woodwork, but in the junior and senior high-school section industrial arts embrace Woodwork, Metal- work, Electrical Work, and Draughting. This diversified course makes for adaptability, which is an important factor in the life of a boy struggling to get a start in life. While the varied work enables youth to determine their preferences and also to display their individual interests, yet only a small proportion of boys are fortunate enough to be apprenticed to the trade of their choice when they leave school. Consequently, adaptability and determination are two extremely valuable characteristics to develop in the school-boy. The total number of centres in the Province where instruction is given in industrial arts, together with the number of pupils attending, are given hereunder:— TECHNICAL EDUCATION. I 43 Number of junior and senior high-school centres 25 Number of junior and senior high-school workshops at centres 57 Number of junior and senior high-school instructors 53 Number of junior and senior high-school pupils taking courses 6,249 As the line of demarcation is not very clear between the work in manual training for elementary schools and industrial arts in junior and senior high schools, and the same shops are often used for both classes of work, it would be well to give the number of individual shops, instructors, and pupils in the Province. These are as follows:— Total number of individual elementary and junior and senior high- school shops 139 Total number of individual elementary and junior and senior high- school instructors 101 Total number of individual elementary and junior and senior high- school pupils taking courses 13,806 HIGH SCHOOL TECHNICAL OPTIONS " A " AND " B." (Grades IX., X., XL, or X., XL, XII.) It does not yet seem generally known that High School Technical Options " A " (Woodwork) and " B " (Metalwork) are accepted by the University authorities in lieu of a second science or a second foreign language, with credits counting towards the Junior Matriculation Certificate. These options embrace the theory and practice of Woodwork and Metalwork and help to form an excellent preparation for the science course in the University or for entrance to a technical school. The Technical Options are given in the following high schools: Duncan; Fernie; Kamloops; Kelowna; Nanaimo; T. J. Trapp Technical High School, New Westminster; Oak Bay; Ocean Falls; Penticton; Powell River; University Hill; Britannia High School, Vancouver; John Oliver High School, Vancouver; Lord Byng High School, Vancouver; Kitsilano Senior High School, Vancouver; King Edward High School, Vancouver; King George High School, Vancouver; Magee High School, Vancouver; Vernon; Victoria; and West Vancouver. HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION TECHNICAL COURSE. (Grades IX. and X.) This course is arranged for those who do not propose to go to University but desire to obtain a High School Graduation Certificate. The school authorities have ample freedom of choice between making it a regular art craft course or one of a purely vocational nature. HIGH SCHOOL COMMERCIAL AND AGRICULTURAL COURSES. Commercial subjects are taught in the high schools of Burnaby (195); Delta (35); Duncan (140); Kamloops (75); Nanaimo (87); Nelson (41); New Westminster (224); North Vancouver (98) ; Oak Bay (33) ; Penticton (71) ; Prince Rupert (38) ; Revelstoke (13) ; Saanich (186) ; Vancouver (2,963); Victoria (289) ; and West Vancouver (96) ; making a total of 4,584 individual students. Commercial subjects are taught in the high schools for distinctly vocational reasons. The requirements of the commercial world are duly considered and a preparation is given for undertaking office-work with an intelligent understanding of what will be expected and demanded. The subject of Agriculture is taught in the high schools of Chilliwack (46) ; Maple Ridge (50) ; New Westminster (54) ; Richmond (43) ; Saanich (93) ; Salmon Arm (45) ; Summerland (24) ; and Victoria (128) ; making a total of 483 students. Clubs and home projects are featured in this course and the future will see greater correlation between Farm Mechanics, as carried out in the workshops, and the Course in Agriculture as taught in the school and on the farm. VANCOUVER TECHNICAL SCHOOL. The following courses are offered to students of the Technical School:— (1.) Matriculation Course leading to the Applied Science Courses of the University.-— The sciences taken are Chemistry, Physics, Mechanics, Electricity, and, in addition, shop-work I 44 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. for one year in each of the following: Printing, Sheet Metal, Machine-shop. Only boys of good academic standing are permitted to take this course. (2.) Technical Diploma Course which does not lead to the University.—This is the popular course for those who wish to prepare themselves for industrial life. The subjects which are featured are Mathematics, Science, Shop-work, and Draughting. This course is divided into two sections (Grades IX. and X. and Grades XI. and XII.) and diplomas are given to those who complete the whole course satisfactorily. In Grades IX. and X. there are no options, but in Grades XI. and XII. there are two types of courses offered (" A " and " B "). Boys who have no particular end in view but who wish to continue the general course begun in Grades IX. and X. take Course " A." Boys who have decided to enter some definite industry take Course " B." (3.) Special Courses in Sheet Metal, Machine-shop, Automotive and Diesel Engineering, Aviation Mechanics, Acetylene and Arc Welding, Electricity, Woodwork, Draughting, Printing, and Cookery.—Those who are permitted to enrol in the above classes are: (a) Boys who have completed three years of high-school work; (6) youths and men who have been engaged in industrial work and desire further training; (c) adults who desire special instruction. The number of day students attending the Technical School in 1936-37 numbered 1,188 and at night-school the enrolment was 1,214. T. J. TRAPP TECHNICAL SCHOOL, NEW WESTMINSTER. The above school may be termed a Composite High School. It embraces senior high, technical high, vocational, commercial, and home economics. Students may prepare directly for vocations of a technical or commercial nature or as home-makers. The net enrolment of day students numbered 704 and of night-school students 259. VANCOUVER SCHOOL OF ART. For twelve years this school has carried on its successful work and its organization is steadily improving. The most important course is undoubtedly the Diploma Course. This is of four years' duration, the first two of which are composed of obligatory subjects, after which options may be selected from the syllabus under the guidance of the Director. The Merit Certificate Course is one of two years for students who cannot take the longer course. The first year is composed of obligatory subjects, after which options may be exercised by the student. Part-time Courses in practically all subjects may be taken by those who do not desire to follow the Diploma or Certificate Courses. The subjects are as follows: Drawing and Painting, Composition, Design, Commercial Art, Modelling, Wood-carving, Architecture, Pottery and Ceramics, Embroidery and Needle- craft, Leather-work, Etching, Lino-cuts and Wood-engraving, Block-printed Textiles, Lettering and Illumination, Silversmithing, Interior Decoration, and Weaving. The students attending day classes numbered 89 and those attending night classes 398. SCHOOL DISTRICTS. A full list of school districts participating in the work of technical education is appended. This shows an enrolment of 12,802 day students taking courses as follows: Commercial, 4,584; Technical, 4,493; Home Economics, 3,153; Agriculture, 483; Art, 89. School District. Course. Enrolment. 195 46 Delta _ 35 140 98 77 75 47 Home Economics _ 52 TECHNICAL EDUCATION. I 45 School Districts—Continued. School District. Course. Enrolment. 50 87 60 27 41 224 346 134 54 98 Oak Bay — 33 38 52 71 75 38 97 Revelstoke Richmond. Saanich . Salmon Arm. — — Home Economics Commercial. - Agriculture _ Commercial Agriculture.... - Agriculture Agriculture _ C ommer c ial—_ 103 13 43 186 93 45 24 2,963 3,106 Home Economics .... Art , , 2,199 89 175 206 Commercial _ 289 280 71 Agriculture . , 128 96 181 232 12,802 NIGHT-SCHOOLS. There is no work in the educational field of more importance than that done in night- schools. It is here that people emancipate themselves from the work which they are compelled to do for a living. It is at night-schools that people pursue their heart's desire. They attend voluntarily and pay fees. For this reason the instructors should be carefully selected and should be either the most successful members of the teaching profession or the most skilful craftsmen from the various industries. Some school trustees advocate giving the night-school positions to those people who have no work or to those who require the money, quite regardless of ability or efficiency and heedless of the fact that the students have paid fees to receive specific information, knowledge, and skill of some kind or other. Those who engage the teaching staff for night-schools should therefore give full consideration to the qualifications of those who have to act as instructors. The subjects taught at night-schools throughout the Province were as follows: Accounting, Advertising Art, Algebra, Applied Electricity, Applied Mechanics, Architectural Drawing and Building Construction, Arithmetic, Art, Art Metalwork, Astronomy, Automobile Engineering, Aviation Ground Course, Book-keeping (Elementary, Intermediate, and Advanced), Business English, Cabinetmaking, Cartooning, Chemistry, Child Art, China-painting, Choral Music, Choral Singing, Colour Printing, Commercial Arithmetic, Commercial Art, Community Singing, Cooking (Elementary and Advanced), Current Events, Dramatic Art, Drawing (Elementary and Intermediate), Drawing for Teachers, Dressmaking, Diesel Engineering I 46 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. (Elementary and Advanced), Electricity, Electrical Engineering, Elocution, English Composition and Grammar, English for Foreigners, English for Japanese, English Literature, Extension Lecture Course, Figure Drawing, First Aid, Folk-dancing, French, Geology, Geometry, German, Glove-making, Handicrafts, Higher Mathematics, Home Economics, Home Nursing, Horticulture, Interior Decoration, Japanese, Latin, Leather-work, Lettering and Design, Lip-reading, Light Woodwork, Lumber-grading, Machine Construction, Machine Drawing, Machine-shop, Manual and Practical Arts, Manual Training, Matriculation Subjects, Mathematics, Mechanical Drawing, Metalwork, Millinery, Mining, Modern Merchandising, Motor Mechanics, Music, Music Appreciation, Needlework, Operatic Training, Orchestral Music, Painting (Oil and Water Colour), Painting and Decorating, Physical Education, Physics, Pottery, Poultry Husbandry, Practical Mathematics, Printing, Psychology, Public Speaking, Public School Subjects, Pulp and Paper, Radio, Rug-making, Salesmanship, School Band Music, Secretarial Practice (Intermediate and Advanced), Sheet Metal, Shorthand (Elementary and Advanced), Short-story Writing, Show-card Writing, Sign-painting, Silversmithing, Sketching, Spanish, Speech Correction, Spelling, Steam Engineering, Technical Draughting, Typewriting (Elementary, Intermediate, and Advanced), Weaving, Welding, Willow Basketry, Wool Craft, and Woodwork. The enrolment at night-schools, not including the classes in mining, numbered 7,901 (4,357 males and 3,544 females). There were 272 teachers. The total number of students attending night-schools in the Province, including those who attended the mining classes, was 8,794. MINING CLASSES HELD UNDER THE NIGHT-SCHOOL SYSTEM. The above classes are operated under the joint management of the Department of Mines and the Department of Education, and for this reason we keep the records separate from those of night-schools. The classes have been well attended, although the total number of students is not as high as last winter. An excellent text-book has been written by the Provincial Mineralogist and this has aided the class lectures tremendously. The text-book has also helped to establish the correspondence course in Mineralogy which is gradually gaining favour. The enrolment for the correspondence course numbers 22. The attendance at the mining classes reached a total of 893. THE B.C. APPRENTICESHIP COUNCIL AND THE "APPRENTICESHIP ACT." Apprenticeship-training is now established in the following trades: Painting and Decorating; Plumbing and Steam-fitting; Plastering; Building Construction; Automotive Engineering—(a) Automobile Mechanics, (&) Automobile Metalwork, (c) Automobile Tire Reconditioning; Sheet Metal; Metal Trades—(a) Machinists; Electricity—(a) Shop, (6) Construction, (c) Service Repairs; Ship and Boat-building; Jewellery Manufacturing. The agreement, which is signed by the apprentice, his parents and his employer, calls for attendance at a night-school in order that the student may both become skilled at the bench and have a thorough understanding of the underlying principles of his trade. For most of these courses night-school classes have been established and the instruction given is meeting with the whole-hearted approval of the apprentices and employers. It will be readily understood, however, that in small towns it will be quite impossible to arrange apprentice classes in the various industries which are embraced in the scheme. Correspondence courses in technical subjects are rapidly being completed, so that, no matter where the apprentice may be practising his calling, he will be able to study correct methods and gain a theoretical knowledge of his trade which will keep him well in line with all the work which is being accomplished in larger centres. The technical correspondence courses which are now available are the following: Mechanical Drawing and Draughting, Commercial Art, Lettering and Display-card Writing, Engineering Drawing, Automotive Engineering I. and II., Diesel Engineering, Practical Electricity, Elementary Principles of Radio, Aviation I., Aviation II., Prospector's Course in Geology and Mining, Forestry and Forest Products, House Painting and Decorating, Plumbing, Heating and Steam-fitting, and Building Construction. Other courses will be prepared during the year. TECHNICAL EDUCATION. I 47 TRAINING OF TECHNICAL TEACHERS. Classes for training manual instructors and technical teachers have been carried on in the Technical School, Vancouver. The classes met on Saturdays (from 8 to 12 a.m. and from 2 to 6 p.m.) and at Summer School. The training was thus continued uninterruptedly during the year. The classes were composed of school-teachers holding First-class Certificates and well- educated, efficient craftsmen. There were fifty-five men attending the winter classes. It is from these training classes that instructors are selected for work required in day- schools, night-schools, and schools for the unemployed. The following British Columbia certificates are obtainable at above classes:— (a.) B.C. Manual Training Teacher's Certificate for Elementary Schools. (6.) B.C. Industrial Arts Certificate for Junior and Senior High Schools. (c.) B.C. Technical School Certificate. The training classes for teachers of Physical Culture, Music Teachers, Art Teachers, and Commercial Teachers are not now held on Saturdays, but will be included in the courses held at the Summer School for Teachers. Summarized Statement of Attendance and Teachers in Evening Vocational Schools for Period July 1st, 1936, to June 30th, 1937. O O *o g QJ ■a >, Number of Individuals enrolled. Teachers Municipality or School. .2 » Z-^ A o o C3 _ - o m ^ "3 S3 ■wX ra tn £ C ta S s ", Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Rcfl ho R So HBo ( 7 9 147 3,856 26 121 147 2 5 7 1 1 38 525 38 38 1 1 Burnaby - 5 9 194 7,760 55 139 194 4 1 5 Chilliwack _ 2 3 88 5,907 33 55 88 2 1 3 Comox - -— 2 2 26 895 9 17 26 2 2 3 3 66 3,554 35 31 66 2 1 3 1 1 13 982 13 13 1 1 4 3 35 759.2 15 20 35 1 2 3 1 1 46 5,221.5 18 28 46 1 1 3 3 76 3,998.2 43 33 76 1 2 3 2 2 29 2,066 23 6 29 2 2 Kelowna - 4 4 60 2,422 14 46 60 1 2 3 Kent - 1 1 31 300 31 31 1 1 1 1 34 662 34 34 1 1 1 1 22 1,374 22 22 1 1 4 24 4 4 1 1 3 4 74 4,031 50 24 74 3 1 4 1 1 7 534 7 7 1 1 1 8 180 8 8 1 1 1 19 990 19 19 1 13 12 259 12,088 119 140 259 9 2 11 5 6 123 3,120 28 95 123 3 3 9 12 158 5,004 129 29 158 7 4 19 28 454 5,431 273 181 454 20 7 1 1 13 388 13 13 1 1 2 2 60 2,865.6 36 24 60 1 1 2 1 1 23 3,602 22 1 23 1 1 1 1 14 1,022 13 1 14 1 9 7 98 10,826.6 86 12 98 7 1 1 25 1,792 19 6 25 1 1 1 13 506 11 2 13 1 1 Summerland 1 1 36 1,548 13 23 36 1 1 1 1 29 2,088 3 26 29 1 Trail..- 3 3 35 1 838 12 23 35 1 1 11 500 6 5 59 123 3,956 2,331 116 1 625 3,956 16 25 398 13,395.7 50,485.7 282 Victoria 43 60 1,046 566 480 1,046 37 15 52 2 2 39 1 260 29 10 1 1 18 420 1 2 76 6,794 76 Totals 235 343 [ 7,901 | 332,563.9| 4,367 3,544 1 7,901 1 193 1 79 I 48 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37 Summarized Statement of Attendance and Teachers in Mining Classes for Period July 1st, 1936, to June 30th, 1937. ■H 0 o "o 4J C OJ Number of Individuals enrolled. Teachers. Municipality or o « 8 as w~,; S'x o g HM •2 a HO S B $ H go S 3 2 o os f-<Wo Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Bralorne 56 547 56 56 1 1 Bull River 14 374 14 14 1 .... 1 Burnaby: 28 798 28 28 1 1 Kingsway West 19 536 19 19 1 1 57 28 781.5 366 56 28 1 57 28 1 1 .._ 1 1 ' Fernie. , .. Fort Rt.PPlf 17 26 429.7 366.5 14 23 3 3 17 26 1 1 — 1 1 Galloway Kelowna 53 231 53 53 1 1 29 546.5 25 4 29 1 1 Nanaimo _ 40 718 40 40 1 1 Nelson 14 226 9 5 14 1 1 33 157 33 33 1 1 32 536 32 32 1 1 34 26 342.2 372.5 34 26 34 26 1 1 1 1 Premier 27 107 27 27 1 1 Prince Rupert.. „ 22 208 22 22 1 __ 1 20 21 306 492 20 21 — 20 21 1 1 — 1 1 Smithers 22 103.2 22 22 1 1 Usk. 29 88 29 29 1 1 Vancouver: 47 1,204.2 47 47 1 J. 54 1,603.5 54 54 1 1 Victoria 78 1,194 69 9 78 2 2 13 367 13 13 1 1 54 . 782.2 52 2 54 1 _.. 1 Totals. 27 30 893 | 13,783 1 866 27 893 28 — 28 / 1 / TECHNICAL EDUCATION—HOME ECONOMICS. I 49 TECHNICAL EDUCATION—HOME ECONOMICS. REPORT OP MISS JESSIE McLENAGHEN, B.Sc, DIRECTOR. The new regulation passed in 1935-36 in regard to compulsory Home Economics has added greatly to the prestige of the subject and has increased the zest of the teaching body. Meetings were held with many School Boards concerned, and, as a result, appropriations were made by Alberni, Port Alberni, Armstrong, Cranbrook, Fairbridge, Kimberley, North Saanich, Prince George, Summerland, and Trail High School to open centres. Further plans for the extension of the work have included a second teacher in Penticton and also in Vernon. Victoria has completed arrangements for a new junior high school. The new Junior High School course in Home Economics has been given a year's trial with considerable success. Through the co-operation of the teachers, the Senior High School course has been revised, and now the courses in Home Economics for both Junior and Senior High Schools have been compiled in one bulletin. The (CC) course is becoming more and more popular as it most nearly fits the needs of the smaller high school. CERTIFICATION OF HOME ECONOMICS TEACHERS. Regulations governing the certification of Home Economics teachers were changed. Each applicant for a Permanent Certificate is required to complete two Summer Sessions in Victoria. This year, summer classes were conducted by Miss Lillian Locke, M.A., Assistant Professor of Home Economics in Columbia University, New York, in Fitting and Pattern Adjustment and in Dress Appreciation. Thirty registered for the former and thirty-five for the latter. Both classes were very much appKeciated, as students not only gained in technical knowledge, but also saw a vision of future accomplishment. In addition, a class was conducted by Mrs. Nita Murphy, Instructor in the Provincial Normal School, Victoria, in B.C. Curriculum and Methods, with the objective of enabling graduates of various universities to become acquainted with the British Columbia situation. Twenty attended the class. As yet there is no further information to report on the establishment of a Chair of Home Economics in the University of British Columbia. The urgency of such a progressive move is evident when, during July and August, twenty-eight appointments were made. Ten of these represented moves from one centre to another, but eighteen new teachers were appointed. Of these eighteen, only five were British Columbia girls—the rest being drawn from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. A representative delegation waited on the University Governors in December without result. The Provincial Parent-Teachers' Association has slightly less than $14,000 in trust for this installation. HOME ECONOMICS BY CORRESPONDENCE. Home Economics by correspondence grows apace under the able direction of Miss Isabel Bolton, B.Sc, and Mrs. Irene Vennell Green, B.Sc, both of the Vancouver High School staff. In June, ninety-seven students were registered and four were successful in securing Junior Matriculation standing in Home Economics. Practical examinations for these students were conducted by Home Economics teachers who operated centres nearest to the address of the individual student. Correspondence courses enable us to reach the farthermost corners of the Province and they not only stimulate the interest of the student enrolled, but also that of other members of the household and even of the community. HOUSEHOLD TRAINING CLASSES FOR ADULTS. (See report, "Adult Education—Home Economics.") The total number of home-economics centres in operation during the year was 103 The total number of home-economics teachers was 91 The total number of pupils taking home economics was as follows:— In elementary schools 5,885 In junior high schools 3,806 In high schools 2 839 4 I 50 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. Of these, the total number taking:— Home Economics (A) was 503 Home Economics (B) was 897 Home Economics (C) was 689 Home Economics (CC) was 775 The total number of boys taking home economics in high schools was 95 The total number of young women in Normal Schools taking home economics was 138 The total number of young men in Normal Schools taking nutrition was 62 SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF VANCOUVER. I 51 SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF VANCOUVER. REPORT OF H. N. MacCORKINDALE, B.A., SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS. SCHOOL ENROLMENT. For the past three years the total enrolment of the Vancouver City schools has remained fairly constant. During that period there has been a decreased enrolment in the elementary- school grades and an increased enrolment in the secondary-school grades. The high birthrate during the years following the war accounts in some measure for this increase in secondary-school enrolment. It is extremely difficult to predict the school enrolment in the City of Vancouver when one considers that at the opening of school in September, 1936, there were enrolled 2,012 pupils who came from school systems outside of Vancouver, or who had entered school for the first time and had not previously resided in Vancouver. The following table gives the enrolment by grades for September, 1934, 1935, and 1936. This table also shows the increase or decrease by grades as between the years 1935 and 1936. Enrolment, Sept., 1934. Enrolment, Sept., 1935. Enrolment, Sept., 1936. Increase or Decrease over 1935. Grade I Grade II Grade III... Grade IV Grade V Grade VI ._ Grade VII _ Grade VIII Grade IX Grade X Grade XI. ..._" Grade XII Grade XIII. (Senior Matriculation) _ Special classes (High School). Special classes (Elementary School). Totals 3,856 3,195 3,448 3,397 3,438 3,984 3,944 3,862 3,458 2,446 1,642 1,314 277 463 340 4,102 3,297 3,190 3,364 3,329 3,532 3,928 4,070 3,631 2,639 1,744 1,296 220 236 345 3,813 3,701 3,237 3,301 3,361 3,260 3,586 4,004 3,760 2,856 1,877 1,285 189 249 362 —289 +404 + 47 — 63 + 32 —272 —342 — 66 +129 +217 +133 — 11 — 31 + 13 + 17 39,064 38,923 38,841 — 82 SCHOOL COSTS. The school budget submitted to the Vancouver City Council for the financial year 1937 (calendar year) was practically the same as for the year 1936, except there was added a sum sufficiently large to provide a restoration of 2% per cent, on all salaries less than $1,200 per annum and 5 per cent, on all those over $1,200 per annum. A similar policy was adopted towards all civic employees by the Vancouver City Council. I cannot speak too highly of the fine spirit of co-operation shown by the Mayor, City Council, and civic officials towards the Board of School Trustees and school officials in an endeavour to solve some of our common financial problems. SCHOOL ACCOMMODATION. For years the Superintendent's Annual Report has pointed out the need for more secondary-school accommodation. During the past four years some relief has been temporarily brought about by rearranging the elementary-school boundaries in certain areas, enabling us to close two elementary schools and remodel these buildings to accommodate secondary-school classes. Temporary class-rooms have been constructed in basements, attics, temporary buildings, and assembly-halls. Such a makeshift policy, because of extra maintenance, is a great wastage of public funds. Because of the lack of funds for building purposes, these deplorable conditions now exist in some sections of our school system. Because of these bad physical conditions, under which the students and staff have to work, there is an alarming increase of defective vision. The general health of the students is not as good as it has been in previous years. This is reflected by poor attendance (in these centres) and hence a higher number of students are retarded. It should not be forgotten that every year a student repeats in our secondary schools it means approximately an increase I 52 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. of $90 in expenditures. This is surely false economy. The building of a bridge or road can wait, but the education of the youth of this country must be provided now. The expenditures on these same individuals in later life may be much greater. It is not necessary for me to emphasize the high economic and social loss so made cumulative. I am delighted to report that an addition (the equivalent of thirteen rooms) has been added during the past year to the Lord Byng secondary school. The funds for the construction of this wing were found by consolidating the unexpended balances from school- construction by-laws (made possible by an Act passed by the Legislature). This new wing contains:— One Foods Laboratory—accommodation, 40 students. One Clothing Unit—accommodation, 48 students. One Typing-room—accommodation, 48 students. One Music-room—accommodation, 60 students. One Library—accommodation, 120 students. One Study-hall—accommodation, 80 students. Three Standard Class-rooms—accommodation, 120 students. Because of the rapidly increasing population in the western part of the city, it will be necessary in the near future to construct another wing to the Lord Byng secondary school. During the months of May and June, a party of educationists from all the Provinces of Canada (except one) visited schools in the British Isles. The party was organized by the National Council of Education under the supervision of its progressive secretary, Major F. Ney. I was honoured by being a member of this group. We spent six weeks in almost every section of the British Isles. Three of the members (Dr. J. H. Putnam, of Ottawa, Ont.; Prof. A. B. MacDonald, of Antigonish, Nova Scotia; and myself) later spent two weeks in Denmark and Sweden. I mention this incident at this point because of the wonderful facilities supplied in these countries for the education of youth. The progress made since the World War in providing excellent building accommodation in the British Isles and the Scandinavian countries is truly enough to put us to shame. I have never seen better school plants. They had excellent gymnasiums wonderfully well-equipped, swimming-pools, workshops, playing-fields, music-rooms, and art-rooms. I am not one of those who believe that marble stairways, mosaic pavements, beautiful tapestries, cut-stone entrances, are a necessary part of school architecture. What I am suggesting is that our buildings can be so constructed that they will be beautiful and at the same time contain all the necessary equipment to provide these physical facilities observed in the countries mentioned above. All this can be done at a cost quite within our ability to pay, yet it need not cost as much as it has in the British Isles. It is imperative that the Vancouver school system shall have more school accommodation for September, 1938. BUILDING MAINTENANCE. The value of the buildings of the Vancouver City school system is approximately $10,000,000, and the value of the equipment approximately $1,000,000. To maintain this plant and equipment we are spending the absurdly small sum of 1% per cent, of the valuation. When one considers the heavy pupil-load of day students, the large number of night-school students, the numerous demands of various adult groups for public meeting space, it readily follows that the depreciation of these buildings will inevitably be high. How far would lVn per cent, of the valuation spent on maintenance go towards keeping our homes and other privately owned buildings in a proper state of repair? This neglect of proper maintenance will some day cost us a great deal more than it otherwise should. Our budget for building maintenance in 1938 must be increased, otherwise the expenditure in the future on such a programme of maintenance will be out of all proportion to the values concerned. A great number of our school plants are antiquated and out of date. They must be altered in order to enable our schools to give a programme of instruction somewhere in keeping with that given in almost every other civilized country of the world. We have not been able to make many very necessary changes in our plumbing and heating equipment; to alter our class-room lighting by installing modern light-globes so that the light may be properly diffused; to provide in many cases other health facilities so important in a modern programme for the education of youth. SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF VANCOUVER. I 53 THE NEW CURRICULUM OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. Throughout the year a great interest was displayed by all members of the elementary- school staff in our new school curriculum. In every school there was a great evidence of many worth-while projects, involving keenly interested pupils and enthusiastic teachers. There is no doubt about the reaction of both pupils and teachers to the new course. This is reflected in the larger number of teachers who have applied for leave of absence to take University courses outside the Province. In addition, the number of teachers enrolled at the University of British Columbia and at the Department of Education Summer School is the largest in the history of those institutions. During the year, our supervisors and special teachers of primary grades, folk-dancing, music, library practice, art, handicrafts, and physical education have given courses to over 600 teachers of our permanent staff. These courses have been enthusiastically received by all enrolled. The same staff of instructors has also given courses to over 150 substitute teachers and to over 200 other teachers who were not employed in the City of Vancouver but who were located in the vicinity of this city or in the Fraser Valley. To this group of special instructors I wish not only to express my personal thanks, but to congratulate them on the contribution that they have made to the educational system of this Province. I know that the Department of Education in Victoria is indeed very grateful. The principals of our elementary schools have shown genuine interest in .the administration of the new curriculum. All have done their utmost to organize their schools in such a way that the new curriculum would function effectively. Many ingenious time-tables have been constructed, permitting some departmentalization, whereby some teachers can assist in the special subjects such as art, music, handicrafts, library-work, health and physical education. There is a desire in many quarters to extend the organization of the platoon school (sometimes referred to as the rotary plan). The platoon type of school has operated in a few of our larger schools for more than twelve years. In my visits to elementary schools in the British Isles I found this type of organization quite general. In some cases, it is true, they kept spare special rooms which did not necessitate the complete platoon organization. Nevertheless, the idea was much the same. In order that the modern school curriculum may function at its best, I believe that the larger elementary schools must eventually take on some type of platoon organization. The small elementary schools must develop an improved type of organization. The day is long past when a large graded school is a collection of " little red school-houses " under a single roof. It is also very gratifying to be able to report that, after many years of stinted expenditures on libraries and supplementary readers in our elementary schools, the Board of School Trustees were able in some measure to supply the necessary material to assist the pupils and teachers with the various subjects of the school curriculum. Truly, a start has been made towards making the school library the " heart of the school." PHYSICAL EDUCATION. During my visit to the British Isles, I was impressed with the excellence of their programmes of physical education and the fine equipment at their command. I might also state that I was proud to note that in this department the Vancouver City schools compare very favourably. Certainly our equipment needs to be augmented. Many of the directors of education who visited our city two years ago under the National Council of Education paid particular tribute to what we were doing in physical education. For some years (while the schools are in session) courses of instruction have been given to hundreds of our own teachers and principals. No success can ever follow the teaching of any subject in our course of study unless the teachers who instruct the classes are properly trained and have the enthusiasm as well as the energy to carry out such a programme of instruction. During the past year, many teachers from outside the city have taken advantage of Saturday morning classes conducted by Mr. Brandreth, our Supervisor of Physical Education. Many of these teachers from different inspectorates come as far as 75 miles to be in attendance at these classes. I wish to congratulate those enthusiastic teachers for their desire to improve their standing. I wish also to express personally my appreciation for the many letters of thanks received from several inspectors and principals. A letter from Inspector Calvert (part of which is quoted below) was typical of many others:— I 54 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. " Dear Sir,—A number of those teachers who have been attending your classes have expressed to me their keen appreciation of the course which you have provided for them. I note a very marked improvement in the Health and Physical Education work which these teachers are doing. Their pupils display a keener interest and are enjoying the Physical Education more than heretofore. " I wish it had been possible for all my principals and teachers in the Delta, Langley, and Surrey Municipalities to have taken your course. " Sincerely yours, " (Signed) F. G. Calvert, Inspector of Schools." HEALTH SERVICES. From the standpoint of school health services, the year 1936-37 was a very eventful one. The health services of the Vancouver City schools were combined with several health services in the district to form a Metropolitan Health Unit. The members of this Health Unit are: (1) Vancouver City schools system; (2) the City of Vancouver; (3) the City of North Vancouver; (4) the District of North Vancouver; (5) the Municipality of Richmond; (6) University Area. The Medical Department of the Vancouver City schools was organized in 1907 and has grown steadily ever since. On November 1st, 1936, this department was merged with the other units mentioned above. Dr. White, the School Medical Health Officer for the Vancouver City schools, was made Director of the School Health Division of the Metropolitan Health Area. Under the supervision of the Director of this Division, each of the following eight medical officers has charge of a certain group of schools and conducts physical examinations in these schools: The Director of the Division, the Associate School Medical Officer, the Director of the Division of Child Hygiene, and the Director of each of the five health units. Each of the seven last mentioned devotes practically every morning and the Director devotes full time to school-work. The Director of the Division of Child Hygiene is also Mental Hygienist. Daily records of the number and results of the medical examinations are kept and computed monthly at the central office at the City Hall. Monthly reports of time spent in school-work are made to the Director of the Division. Monthly and annual reports of school health work are made to the Senior Medical Officer and to the School Boards. To receive parents or others who wish to consult him, each of the School Medical Inspectors, except the Associate School Medical Officer, who is on half-time, is at his office from 4 to 5 p.m. daily. Examination of teachers joining the staff is conducted by the Director of the Division. School Nursing Services.—These are conducted by Miss Breeze, Supervisor of School Nursing, who is under the control of the Director of the School Health Division and of the Director of Public Health Nursing. School-nursing is part of the Public Health Nursing Service of each unit, and each nurse, with the exception of the Director of Public Health Nursing and the Supervisors of School Nursing, Child Welfare and Tuberculosis Nursing, is assigned to a certain group of schools in her district, the nursing supervisors of health units each having only one school to attend personally. Generally, the mornings of the nurses are spent in work in the schools, the school-home visiting being combined with that of visiting in connection with the other divisions. The Supervisor of School Nursing reports monthly to the Director of School Health Division. Daily records of school-nursing work are kept and computed monthly at the central office. We aim to give each pupil four full medical examinations during his school-life—namely, in the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth grades. In the intervening years each pupil receives a physical inspection by the school nurse as to sight, hearing, teeth, tonsils, skin, height and weight, and general condition. Any pupils suspected of being below normal in these respects are referred to the School Medical Officer for diagnosis, and a note sent to parent or guardian stating the condition, and urging treat- SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF VANCOUVER. I 55 ment, when necessary, by the family doctor or public clinic. A personal home-visit is also made by the nurse when treatment is required. All new pupils entering school from outside districts and all pupils taking part in high- school major athletics are also examined by the medical officers. No treatment is given by doctors or nurses in the schools except first-aid and preventive . treatment. School Dental Services.—These are given only to pupils whose parents are unable to pay for dental treatment. At present there are two dental clinics, two full-time dentists (one of whom is supervisor) , two half-time dentists, and two lady dental assistants. Monthly reports of dental work are made by the Supervisor of School Dental Services to the Director of School Health Division. Service is limited at present to pupils in the first six grades and emergency work in all grades. A few specially urgent cases in higher grades approved by the Supervisor of School Nursing Services are also treated. This limitation is made necessary by the shortage of school dental clinics and school dentists, but it is hoped soon to extend dental services to pupils in the higher grades whose parents are unable to afford private treatment. Epidemiology in the Schools.—All cases of communicable diseases are reported to the Division of Epidemiology and all members of the staff co-operate fully with this division in the control of communicable diseases. The Provincial Bacteriological Laboratory also cooperates freely. Printed instructions regarding procedure in case of a communicable disease are placed in all class-rooms for the guidance of teachers. Immunology.—Toxoid and vaccination clinics for the prevention of diphtheria and smallpox respectively are held at the unit offices every Saturday morning from 10 to 12. Those pupils who cannot afford the services of a private physician are sent to these clinics. Toxoid clinics are also held in each elementary school once a year under the supervision of the Division of Epidemiology. The presence or absence of vaccination is checked yearly in the schools. When children enter school for the first time, the parents are provided with a copy of the Provincial regulations regarding vaccination. The use of toxoid has decreased the occurrence of diphtheria in our schools. There were no cases of diphtheria in Vancouver schools in 1936. In years past the average was 100 cases. Tuberculosis Work in the Schools.—The School Health Division co-operates with the Provincial Tuberculosis Division. The tuberculosis nursing service in the schools is under the direction of the Supervisor of Tuberculosis Nursing for the Metropolitan Health Committee. Copies of the reports of all pupils examined at the Provincial Tuberculosis Clinic are reviewed by the Unit Directors, and cases, suspects, and contacts are followed up by the nurses. When an active case is found attending school, the pupil or teacher is excluded and all close contacts in the school are given the opportunity of having the tuberculin skin test. Those showing a positive reaction are given a full physical and X-ray examination by the family doctor or at the Provincial Chest Clinic. Each year tuberculin clinics are held in all elementary schools for beginners entering school, written consent having been obtained from the parent of each child tested. Positive reactors are sent to the family doctor or to the Provincial Chest Clinic for full clinical and X-ray examination. These children having had few contacts except with their own families, the other members of the families are also examined for tuberculosis. During the current year a beginning has been made in the tuberculin-testing of high- school pupils by holding clinics in two high schools in widely separated districts, written consent of the parents having been obtained in each case. The positive reactors were given full clinical and X-ray examination at the school. These tests and examinations were conducted in co-operation with the Provincial Tuberculosis Division, Goitre Prevention.—This is considered a goitrous district, so each year all pupils under 12 are examined by the School Medical Officers for enlargement of the thyroid gland. Preventive treatment in the form of a chocolate tablet containing 10 mg. of iodine is given by the school nurse weekly to each child showing no sign of enlargement. Parents pay 10 cents I 56 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. per annum for this service. The parents of children showing definite enlargement of the gland are advised to have curative treatment by private physician or public clinic. Report of Results of Goitre Prevention among Pupils of Vancouver Schools. 1930—3.9 per cent, of children examined had goitre. 1931—3.1 per cent, of children examined had goitre. 1932—2.8 per cent, of children examined had goitre. 1933—2.5 per cent, of children examined had goitre. 1934—1.8 per cent, of children examined had goitre. 1935—1.7 per cent, of children examined had goitre. 1936—1.1 per cent, of children examined had goitre. Sight-saving Class.—Two sight-saving classes are maintained by the Vancouver School Board under the supervision of the School Health Division, with specially trained teachers and specially prepared class-rooms and equipment. One class accommodates pupils in the first six grades and the other is for those in Grades VII., VIIL, and IX. Health Education (Child).—Health Education for pupils is conducted in the following manner:—■ (1.) By the teachers in conformity with the new Provincial Health Curriculum. (2.) By the Medical Inspectors at the time of the routine physical examinations. (3.) By health talks to classes given by the school nurses who also act as consultants for the teachers. (4.) By precept and example in all health activities. Health Education (Adult).—For adults it is conducted by talks with parents by medical examiners and nurses at the time of the first examination of the school-child, by conversations with parents during home-visits, and by lectures given by medical officers and nurses to P.T.A.'s and other associations. Close contact is maintained with all social service organizations. Health Records.—A school health record-card is made out for each beginner and new pupil, showing previous health history. The result of each medical examination, physical inspection, serious illness, and home-visit is recorded on this card throughout his school-life. As at present organized, it is too early to make any statement of finality regarding the operation of the Metropolitan Health Unit. I can assure all parties concerned that the Board of School Trustees of Vancouver City, together with all the school officials, is endeavouring by every means possible to make the larger Medical Health Unit a success. I have every confidence that this will be achieved. CORONATION PROGRAMMES. The principals, teachers, and pupils of the Vancouver City schools joined whole-heartedly in the observance of the crowning of His Majesty King George VI. and Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth. During the week preceding the coronation many schools attempted very fine projects. These projects, based on the technique of the new curriculum, afforded an excellent opportunity for integrating many subjects, such as art, music, history, handicrafts, geography, physical education, and library study into a complete, socialized unit. Mr. Pollock, of the Visual Education Department, made two film slides on subjects relating to the celebration. These were shown in most of the schools. Miss Carruthers, of the Magee High School staff, and Miss Williams, of the Strathcona Elementary School staff, assisted Mr. Pollock in the selection and arrangement of much of his material. On May 11th every school observed the occasion, with many different and appropriate programmes. The excellent souvenir booklets from the Department of Education were distributed at this time. Since the coronation on May 12th, Mr. Pollock, of the Visual Education Department, has shown to the students of many of the elementary schools some very fine motion pictures of the actual ceremonies in London. TEACHERS DECEASED DURING THE SCHOOL-YEAR 1936-37. Our city school system suffered severe losses when death removed the following; they had given long and faithful service: Inspector Alex. Graham, T. G. Bragg, Miss I. L. Kirkwood, and C. Illingworth. SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF VANCOUVER. I 57 TEACHERS SUPERANNUATED DURING SCHOOL-YEAR 1936-37. The following retired from the service on superannuation; the contribution which they made to our school system will long be remembered: Miss M. E. Brundrett, Miss A. Spencer, C. H. Gray, E. A. Hemsworth, D. B. Johnston, Mrs. F. A. Coombs, and Miss E. M. Pugh. In conclusion, may I express my appreciation of the excellent service rendered by all the officials of the Vancouver Board of School Trustees; in particular, Inspector Straight, Inspector Thomas, and our Secretary, Mr. Hines, assumed extra responsibilities during my absence in Europe and the British Isles. I appreciate the opportunity granted to me by the Vancouver Board of School Trustees and the Department of Education in being allowed to join this party of Deputy Ministers of Education and Superintendents of Schools on such a tour of school inspection. I can assure all concerned that I shall endeavour to see that this privilege has not been granted in vain. The school year 1936-37 has been one of real progress. Any success that has attended my efforts has been primarily due to the excellent co-operation of the Department of Education, the Board of School Trustees, the City Council, city officials, and the members of the city school staff. I 58 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. REPORTS OF MUNICIPAL INSPECTORS. SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF VICTORIA. REPORT OF GEORGE H. DEANE, MUNICIPAL INSPECTOR OF SCHOOLS. I beg to submit the following report on certain features of the work of the Victoria public schools during the school-year 1936-37:— Among the important matters which developed was the issue between the City Council and the Board of School Trustees with respect to estimates of school expenditures for the year 1937. As a result of the representations made by the Council regarding the city's financial situation, the Board finally agreed to reduce the estimates to a figure which did not make available the funds necessary to provide adequate facilities. As a further result, the Department, at the request of the Mayor and Council and with the approval of the School Board, is now conducting a survey of the schools of Greater Victoria. This survey, no doubt, will help to adjust all differences and promote the efficiency of the school system. With regard to school-work, the two outstanding features were the introduction of the new Programme of Studies in the elementary schools and the establishment of the Central Junior High School. To assist teachers in carrying out the new programme, special training classes were organized early in the school-year covering such subjects as arithmetic, language arts, practical arts, and music. In connection with these classes I wish to acknowledge the valuable assistance given by Principal Denton, Mr. Campbell, and Dr. Anderson, of the Provincial Normal School, whose voluntary services were given so generously. In addition to the classes conducted during the school-year, over 75 per cent, of the elementary staff attended summer schools during July and August. This record seems to indicate an earnest effort by Victoria teachers towards achieving the objectives of the new course. Progress towards these aims will be accelerated by improved teaching skills, greater experience, and better equipment. The work surrounding language arts, social studies, and general science was handicapped by an inadequate supply of supplementary readers and library books. This deficiency is realized and every effort will be made to have this condition remedied. The Central Junior High School comprises fourteen divisions with an enrolment of over 500 pupils. Next year this enrolment will be increased as the existing school plant will provide accommodation for at least sixteen divisions. Further improvements, involving comparatively small expenditures, will be included in the 1938 programme. When these are provided the school will have excellent facilities to carry out the Junior High School Programme of Studies. Great care was taken in selecting the staff of teachers, nearly all of whom added to their qualifications by taking summer school courses. There is every reason to expect a successful future for this school. The extension of this organization in the system by establishing additional junior high schools will receive, no doubt, attention in connection with the above-mentioned survey. Teaching facilities at the Victoria High School were improved by providing better accommodation and additional equipment. The establishment of the Central Junior High School reduced the enrolment by several divisions and the space made available by such reduction was used to provide a large study-hall, two well-equipped sewing-rooms, and a reading-room for the subject of General Science equipped with sets of books specially selected to meet the requirements of the revised programme of studies in this subject. In the early future additional Home Economics equipment will be provided, so that instruction and laboratory practice can be carried on entirely in the High School building. A good beginning has been made in organizing a department of visual education. The High School greatly appreciated the action of the Victoria 75th Anniversary Committee in presenting a 16-mm. projector to the school. Members of the High School, on the whole, are enthusiastic over the success of the revision of the Programme of Studies. In several of the subjects of the course a keener enjoyment of the work on the part of the student is evident, and the removal of abstruse problems in Mathematics and Science is generally felt to be beneficial. Home-study also has been materially reduced and an increasing number of students are proceeding to the High School Graduation Diploma. REPORTS OF MUNICIPAL INSPECTORS. I 59 Victoria College had a successful year and the relations with the parent University continued on a satisfactory basis. At the close of the session Miss Humphrey was granted a year's sick-leave and Miss Ross resigned to get married. Both teachers had been on the staff for several years and had performed their duties very efficiently. Their places have been taken by Miss Grant and Mr. Pettit, who are giving excellent service and are taking an active and effective part in the College activities outside the class-room. This year (1937-38) there has been a substantial increase in attendance, and the following distribution of student enrolment according to residence indicates the wide field of the College's service: Victoria City, 118; Oak Bay, 33; Saanich, 30; Esquimalt, 8; Vancouver Island (other parts), 17; Mainland, 11; total, 217. A good beginning has been made in establishing a professional library for teachers, the cost of equipment being shared by the teachers and the Board of School Trustees. Thanks are due Miss Clay, Carnegie Librarian, for providing accommodation and assistance in operating the library. Early in the year a committee was appointed by the School Board to investigate lighting conditions in all the schools. The Chairman of this committee was Trustee Mrs. MacLaurin, to whom great credit is due for the thoroughness of the investigation and the comprehensive final report submitted to the Board. This report summarized lighting conditions in the schools, outlined the improvements already accomplished, and made recommendations for further improvements in the order of their urgency. Over 500 visits to 205 class-rooms were made and the investigation revealed certain unsatisfactory conditions which should be corrected at the Board's earliest convenience. These conditions were due to the following defects: Insufficient natural light; insufficient artificial light; glare (direct and indirect); and lack of flexibility of control. The most serious defect surrounded bare drop-lights. The work accomplished included improvements to a class-room at Sir James Douglas School to demonstrate what the committee considered a standard lighting scheme. During the recent convention many trustees visited this model room. To remedy existing defects and provide all city schools with approved and up-to-date lighting facilities, the recommendations of the Committee will involve an annual expenditure of about $3,000 for several years, but the preservation of the eyesight of students and teachers will justify such expenditures. The schools took part in celebrating Victoria's 75th Anniversary. An Empire Pageant by elementary pupils under the direction of Principal Hum was presented at the Royal Victoria Theatre two nights. Each performance attracted a capacity house and reflected great credit on all concerned in its production. In June a field display of physical-education activities was carried out very successfully at the Royal Athletic Park before a large crowd. The death of Captain George Breadner, Supervisor of Industrial Arts and Evening Classes, was a serious loss to Victoria schools. For many years the efficiency of his work at the High School as Technical Instructor was outstanding. During the war he served overseas and made a brilliant record as aviator attached to the Grand Fleet. After many years of efficient service the following teachers retired on superannuation: Mrs. Coady-Johnson, Miss J. Thompson, Mr. L. A. Campbell, and Mr. W. Plenderleith. SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF NEW WESTMINSTER. REPORT OF ROY S. SHIELDS, B.A., MUNICIPAL INSPECTOR OF SCHOOLS. The enrolment of pupils in the New Westminster school system for the school-year 1936-37 remained fairly stationary, about 4,000, with a staff of 114 teachers. In September, 1936, the Junior High School organization was reintroduced. By permission of the Department of Education, Grades VII. and VIIL only were included. Three centres were opened, Lord Lister Junior High School in the west, John Robson Junior High School in the central part, and Sir Richard McBride Junior High School in the east end of the city. By the foresight of the Board of School Trustees necessary equipment had already been installed and a progressive year was anticipated. The success throughout the year in the development of pupil-life amply justified the Board's action. The school organization of the city now consists of five elementary schools, three junior high schools, one senior high school, and one technical high school. I 60 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. The rapid growth of that section of the city between Twelfth Street and Twentieth Street led the Board to place a $25,000 by-law before the people in January. It was carried by a very large majority and preparations were made for the building of a four-room elementary school. The Board is aware, too, of the needs of the Queensborough District and of future needs of the Westend District. Certain structural alterations are planned also for various schools which will increase the efficiency of the work to be done. Our schools are suitably located to meet the needs of a growing city, with spacious grounds offering every facility for the provision of beauty-spots in the community. All departments of pupil-development reached a higher standard than ever before. The Medical Department, under Dr. D. A. Clark, with Miss Alice S. Stark, R.N., assisting, maintained an enviable record in the promotion of pupil-health. While child ailments were common, no epidemic occurred and consistent supervision at home and at school was maintained. Every assistance has been given by this department in connection with health and physical education. Corrective individual health and physical education programmes were prescribed where necessary. The development of this important phase of school-work demands the appointment of at least another nurse. The Dental Clinic, in charge of Dr. J. A. Sampson, and nurse, Miss Marion Rennie, has been in operation for ten years and its effectiveness is much appreciated. The need for such service is more apparent when one considers that at its inception 1,100 applications for treatment were received, and of these approximately 98.5 per cent, were eligible for treatment. It is estimated that over a one-year period 16 per cent, of the cause of absence from sickness is traceable, directly or indirectly, to dental defect. When per capita cost is considered, it is not difficult to justify the existence of such a clinic from a financial standpoint alone. We are pleased with the preventive work done by this department. The lectures given by Dr. Sampson and the moving pictures shown have been of great assistance. The time is not far distant when the clinic will be operating on full time. With the appointment of Mr. Ernie Lee as Director of Physical Education for the city, a marked improvement was evident throughout the system. To interpret the new course, teacher-training classes were held twice weekly; a full programme of extramural athletics was introduced and for the first time a Play Day was held for the junior high schools, every boy and girl taking part; a determined effort is being made to make functional in every-day life the health instruction given the students. Friendly competitive games and exercises continue to be carried on within the city and with outside municipalities. In basket-ball the T. J. Trapp Technical High School won the J. L. Sangster Cup and the Sanguine Cup. The Duke of Connaught High School Swimming Team, in competition at Vancouver with all Coast senior high schools, for the first time in the history of the Swimming Gala made a clean sweep of all trophies offered—namely, the Wismer Cup for 1937, awarded to the high school winning the greatest number of points; the Jantzen Cup, awarded to the winner of the Senior Boys' Relay; and the Jantzen Cup, awarded to the winner of the Senior Girls' Relay. To this team, together with those teachers who took such a helpful interest, congratulations are due. Other forms of athletics receive due attention and the results are commendable. The Department of Music continues to maintain a very satisfactory standard. Recent appointees are exceptionally well qualified. Orchestras, glee clubs, choirs, and school bands have all received due attention under trained specialists. Perhaps the greatest display of school activities took place on the evenings of April 28th, 29th, and 30th, when more than 2,000 of the pupils of the senior high, junior high, and elementary schools staged one of the most colourful, historical, and patriotic pageants ever presented in the city, marking the Coronation of King George VI.; from the entering of the two motor-cycle dispatch-riders to the National Anthem, capacity audiences were kept thrilled with the performances of so many children in such colourful costumes. For two hours without a break and apparently without direction, except by means of a whistle and the music provided by a school band of sixty pupils, a wonderful exhibition was given of rhythm and graceful movement by the children, demonstrating not only skilful organization and careful training, but a personal enthusiasm which was contagious. A choir rendered suitable patriotic songs, while a search-light from a model warship, 60 feet in length, costructed by the boys of the Trapp Technical High School, played upon its 500 members. Hornpipe dancers, signallers, sailors, cycle-riders, tumblers, students of Danish drill, gymnasts, and tap-dancers ably demonstrated some features of the new curriculum. The finale, representing REPORTS OF MUNICIPAL INSPECTORS. I 61 an Old World garden with hundreds of tiny girls dressed as flowers and admired by stately dressed courtiers, was most effective. Great credit is due to each teacher on the staff, as well as to the pupils. All departments were represented—the music by choir and bands, the Home Economics in the making of costumes, the Technical in the battleship and large 50- by 30-foot map of the British Empire, the Health and Physical Education by the dances and drills, the library in the working-out of the Coronation motif, the dramatic in the effective presentation of historical incidents, and the commercial in the making of programmes. The proceeds were divided among the schools, to be used mainly for library purposes. Our school libraries under the direction of trained librarian-teachers are playing a most important part in our work. While these libraries are not yet ideal, definite progress is being made in the number and quality of books and magazines being provided and in the methods of handling these efficiently. Indications are the summer will see more of our teachers taking extra courses than ever before—teachers who are alert to opportunities presented and eager to play an understanding part in the development of future citizens. The senior high-school students are deserving of commendation. At the Duke of Con- naught High School, through the efforts of the student-body, the teachers, and the Board of School Trustees, an entirely new stage, with the latest electrical fittings and most beautiful theatre curtains, was completed in May. The students of the Technical High School purchased a sound projector at a cost of about $500. From October to April, evening classes were conducted in Home Economics, Commercial Courses, Mathematics, English, Metalwork, Electrical Work, Woodwork, and Motor Mechanics. The Lumbermen's Association classes in grading and tallying were well attended. Of special interest was the organization of a course in secretarial practice designed particularly for the office-work of large lumber companies. The New Westminster schools appreciate the honour of having a representative on the Boys' Coronation Tour. The President of the student-body of the T. J. Trapp Technical High School, Terry Parsons, was chosen, and through the financial assistance of the Student Council, Kiwanis Club, and the schools of the city was able to take advantage of the privilege. Approved intelligence tests and standardized achievement tests have been given and records kept. A course in Manual Arts for teachers was given, with Mr. Wm. Steele as instructor. Forty-five teachers attended. Satisfactory work was done and credits obtained. Mr. George Ford, of the Duke of Connaught staff, was given the Ferguson Memorial award by the Teachers' Federation for outstanding service to the teaching profession in British Columbia. This recognition was justly deserved. Mr. Wm. Govenlock, for many years teacher of Mathematics at the Duke of Connaught High School, retired from service on superannuation. The progress made this past year has been due to the whole-hearted support of the Department of Education in co-operation with an able and conscientious Board of School Trustees working harmoniously with teachers, principals, School Board officials, and interested public bodies. SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF NORTH VANCOUVER AND THE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITIES OF NORTH AND WEST VANCOUVER. REPORT OF WILLIAM GRAY, M.A., MUNICIPAL INSPECTOR OF SCHOOLS. The territory covered by this report comprises the three municipalities on the north shore of Burrard Inlet stretching from Horseshoe Bay to Deep Cove. The two North Vancouver municipalities continue to function under a Commissioner, who, in the matter of schools, acts as a Board of School Trustees. The West Vancouver schools are governed by a regularly elected School Board. NORTH VANCOUVER CITY. Progress in schools has been affected in recent years by the financial condition of the city, and while there are many difficult problems still to solve, the situation during the past year has been brighter. There has been a slight decrease in unemployment and a consequent I 62 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. decrease in the number of families on relief. There has also been an increase in the amount of taxes collected, although the reduction in assessment more or less offsets this. In general, however, the financial condition of the city shows an improvement and the schools are thereby benefited. The plan for the partial restoration of teachers' salaries was continued, resulting in a better feeling among the staffs. Enrolment in the elementary schools remains practically stationary, while that of the high school continues to increase. There is adequate accommodation and some vacant rooms are still available for a possible increase. Buildings have been kept in excellent repair and equipment up to standard. The main weakness in this respect is the lack of auditoriums and gymnasiums,-which curtails to a large degree the work in physical education. Home economics and manual training have now resumed their rightful place in the curriculum, these courses during the past year being part of the curriculum for the seventh and eighth grades. This work will be extended during the coming year to include Grade IX. A special class was established in Queen Mary School in September to take care of pupils who required special help. The class included those who were retarded because of ill-health, lack of opportunity, or lack of ability. It was ably managed by Miss M. Hutchison and proved a valuable aid to the pupils enrolled in it, so much so that some of them were able after a few months to continue in their regular grades. NORTH VANCOUVER DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY. The territory comprising this municipality includes the five areas—Capilano, North Lonsdale, Lynn Valley, Keith Lynn, and Dollarton. One school, providing tuition to the end of Grade VIIL, is situated in each of these areas. Thereafter, the pupils receive their high- school education at North Vancouver High School, under an agreement between the city and district. Some of the areas mentioned are at some distance from the city and are rather widely separated from each other, so that there is little possibility for any system of consolidation. In some cases, however, the actual boundaries between city and district should be revised, particularly where they affect Keith Lynn School and North Star School (in North Lonsdale), and some consideration will be given to this matter during the coming year. Consolidation of city and district does not appear to be making much progress at present, but it may be possible to effect some changes in order better to accommodate pupils in the various schools. All the schools are graded, the smallest with two rooms, the largest with seven. The pupils of Grades VII. and VIIL are given instruction in Home Economics and Manual Arts at the centres operating in the city schools. Mention should be made of the fine work done by the Parent-Teacher Association of Lynn Valley School in providing cocoa for the school-children's lunches. The actual work was done by members of this association and funds were raised through parent-teacher efforts and by donations from individual parents. WEST VANCOUVER. Enrolment in the schools of this municipality continues to grow steadily because of a steady influx of people to this fine residential area. The new development area known as the British Pacific Properties is expected to attract many new residents. The completion of the First Narrows Bridge, at present under construction, will make West Vancouver easily accessible and will prove a further impetus to growth. The Board of School Trustees is aware of the results of these developments so far as school accommodation is concerned and is taking steps to secure sites for new buildings. The pupils of the western section of the municipality are provided with transportation, and during the year a second bus had to be added. These are municipal buses, making regular trips in addition to those required to transport school pupils. Six rooms were added to the Inglewood School last summer, and in September, 1936, the pupils of the senior high school were moved from Hollyburn School to Inglewood. This relieved the congestion in Hollyburn School, where the high-school pupils had been housed with pupils of Grades I. to VI. The change was also highly beneficial to the senior high- school pupils, who are now able to take full advantage of the facilities provided in Inglewood REPORTS OF MUNICIPAL INSPECTORS. I 63 School, such as the gymnasium, auditorium, home economics department, manual-training shops, and art-room. Inglewood School is now operated as a junior-senior high school under one principal, and the past year has demonstrated that this form of organization is admirably suited to this particular situation. GENERAL. With few exceptions, the quality of teaching improved during the year. This was mainly due to the introduction of the new curriculum. Teachers were quick to take advantage of the newer teaching procedures suggested therein and reorganized their work accordingly. The teachers of the three municipalities are organized into the North Shore Teachers' Association, and the meetings held during the year were planned to assist in interpreting the new curriculum. A convention was held in October, at which speakers dealt with various phases of the new programme, and, following this convention, throughout the year, groups of teachers met to discuss particular topics. The subject of reading in the schools was emphasized, a survey made in the elementary grades, and remedial treatment prescribed. Classes for teachers were held in North Vancouver in the subjects of Music, Art, Basketry, and Folk-dancing, while many teachers attended the Physical Education classes conducted in Vancouver. As a result, these subjects were given prominence during the year in the class-rooms. Interesting experiments are being carried out relative to the use, in the schools, of two local natural products, willow for basketry-work and clay for modelling. Special mention should be made of the work done by Miss Hardacre in adapting Lynn Valley clay for use in school-work. As in the preceding year, classes for unemployed youth were organized. The classes in Physical Education continued under the Provincial Department of Physical Recreation. For young women the class in Sewing and Dressmaking was very successfully continued by Mrs. Richards. For boys who have left school and are yet unemployed a centre for Automotive Engineering has been established. With the co-operation of the Commissioner in the matter of supplying a building and providing heat and light, the Department of Education equipped a centre for auto-mechanics and provided an instructor. Excellent results were secured, two classes of young men being held, one in the forenoons, the other in the afternoons. Proximity to Vancouver, where excellent facilities are provided for evening school-work, makes it difficult to secure a response to this type of work in North Vancouver. Classes were held in commercial work and in public speaking. Under the direction of the Department of Mines, co-operating with the Department of Education, a lecture course in mining was carried on as in former years and was fairly well attended. In West Vancouver night classes were held in Physical Education, Commercial Work, Woodworking, and Public Speaking. Medical inspection of school-children is part of the programme of the North Vancouver Health Unit, working in conjunction with the Metropolitan Health Area. The school nurses make an inspection of each child in school at least once a year, and the director of the unit gives a medical examination to each child on the average once in every three years. Much of the work of the unit is preventive and conferences with the parents of the school-children constitute an important part of the plan. During the year talks on sex hygiene were given to groups of high-school boys and girls by the Director of the Health Unit and the supervising nurse. A new basis for dental treatment in the North Vancouver schools has been reached, whereby the work is to be done by five local dentists supervised by the Director of the Health Unit. The children concerned are those whose parents cannot afford the required treatment. The expense is to be borne by the two municipalities concerned, the Provincial Department of Health, and the local Kiwanis Club. Credit is due the last named for the interest taken in school-children's welfare, both financially and otherwise. This summer, plans were made to reorganize the schools of the City of North Vancouver, so as to include a junior high-school system. The schools of the District of North Vancouver, as has been mentioned, are too remote to be included in this plan. In addition, the accommodation available in the city, while ample for city pupils, is inadequate to provide for district pupils as well. The following plan, therefore, has been adopted and will become effective in I 64 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. September, 1937: Lonsdale School will be operated with Grades I. to VI., while Ridgeway School and Queen Mary School will each operate as a combined elementary-junior high school. As far as possible, the top floor of each building will be used by the junior high-school pupils and the lower floor by elementary pupils. At each centre one principal will be in charge of the whole school. The senior high school will continue to operate Grade IX. classes to accommodate the pupils from the five district schools. In West Vancouver a new system of medical inspection has been planned for the term beginning September, 1937. Arrangements have been made to include the medical inspection of schools under the North Vancouver Unit of the Metropolitan Health Area. The Director of that unit will undertake medical inspection of the school-children of West Vancouver, similar to that given in Vancouver and North Vancouver. It is hoped that a year's trial of this plan will result in the inclusion of West Vancouver as a whole under the Metropolitan Health Board. The two senior high schools in this inspectorate are being reorganized in anticipation of the introduction of the new high-school curriculum. High School Graduation as against University Matriculation will be given greater prominence, and in this way the schools should be better able to provide for the needs of the increasing numbers of students entering their doors. Again appreciation is expressed for valuable assistance and encouragement given by the officials of the Department of Education, the Commissioner for North Vancouver, the West Vancouver Board of School Trustees, the teaching staffs, and the Parent-Teacher Associations. SCHOOLS OF THE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY OF BURNABY. REPORT OF C. G. BROWN, B.A., MUNICIPAL INSPECTOR OF SCHOOLS. I have pleasure in submitting the annual report of this inspectorate for the year 1936-37. The Burnaby Inspectorate consists of seventeen elementary schools and two high schools, with a total staff of 152 teachers. There are 115 teachers on the elementary-school staff, 27 teachers on the high-school staff, and 10 teachers on the manual-training and home-economics staff. The Practical Arts programme is conducted at seven centres—Edmonds Street, Capitol Hill, Gilmore Avenue, Nelson Avenue, Kingsway West, Schou Street, and Windsor Street Schools. Of the seventeen elementary schools, four are one-room schools, three are two-room schools, two are three-room schools, and eight are larger schools. With two exceptions, the smaller schools enrol pupils up to Grade VI. only. The one-roomed schools do not, as a rule, enrol pupils above Grade IV. DEPARTMENTALIZATION. During the past year, to give effect to better organization and to afford opportunity for specialized teaching, the larger schools were departmentalized. On the whole, this plan has worked out satisfactorily. It made possible a fairly close observance of the time-allotments for the various subjects, and permitted a better arrangement for the carrying-out of the programmes in physical education, practical arts, and music. It was possible, also, by this plan of organization, to give regular and adequate attention to the subjects of social studies and elementary science, since the work in these subjects was entrusted to special teachers who conducted the studies throughout the upper grades. Next term two or three of the larger schools will be platooned in an effort to improve still further the organization of the school to fulfil the requirements of the revised curriculum. I must pay a tribute to the principals and the teachers for the manner in which they have adjusted themselves to the new situations necessitated by a change in school organization. The principals entered readily into the plan and had the whole-hearted co-operation of the members of their staffs. The problems associated with the new curriculum called upon the principals to exercise considerable ingenuity and resourcefulness, and I am pleased to report that the Burnaby principals met this challenge with a good measure of success. REPORTS OF MUNICIPAL INSPECTORS. I 65 ORGANIZATION OF SPECIAL CLASSES FOR TEACHERS. To enable the teachers to secure training to teach effectively certain of the new subjects of the curriculum, special classes were organized. Many teachers availed themselves of the opportunity to attend these classes, both in Burnaby and in other centres where accommodation was available. The following tabulation indicates the varied interests of the teachers:— Number of Courses offered. Teachers enrolled. Practical Arts r 61 Physical Education 24 Music 26 Art 7 Folk-dancing 26 UNIVERSITY AND SUMMER SCHOOL COURSES. During the recent vacation a large number of Burnaby teachers attended summer school sessions to improve their academic standing and to receive instruction in specialized subjects and professional courses. It is gratifying to note that the principals of our schools are recognizing that, if they are to give competent leadership to their staffs, they must keep themselves educationally abreast of the times. With this end in view, several of the principals have been doing a certain amount of professional reading and some have supplemented this procedure by courses in Education taken at the University of British Columbia and the University of Washington during the past summer. EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES. A very pleasing feature of this year's work was the Burnaby Schools Day held in Central Park on June 4th. On this day some 4,000 pupils joined in a massed display of folk-dancing, physical exercises, games, and singing. The demonstration was such a pronounced success that the affair will be repeated next year in Confederation Park, North Burnaby. Education Week was duly observed by all the schools, and during that week approximately 2,000 persons visited the schools and witnessed the varied proceedings. Appropriate exercises marked, also, the Coronation of Their Majesties King George VI. and Queen Elizabeth. Several of the schools planted trees in commemoration of this event. INSPECTION OF SCHOOLS. The plan of work pursued this year might be considered, perhaps, an inspection of schools rather than the individual inspection of teachers. While as many as possible individual visits to teachers were made, nevertheless, the major emphasis of my work centred upon problems of administration and the task of broadening the organization of our schools that they might function as efficiently as possible. To this end, frequent conferences with principals were held, special classes were conducted, meetings with special groups of teachers were convened, and plans and methods of work were devised to assist the teachers in their daily routine. About 7,000 tests were administered during the year. The principals were encouraged to undertake a greater degree of active supervision over the work of the teachers, and in this way the Inspector was enabled to deal with the broader aspects of school administration. In the coming year plans will be developed whereby all phases of supervision and administration will receive a maximum of attention. It is a pleasure to report the sympathetic and active co-operation received from the Commissioner for Burnaby and his officials in equipping our schools to meet adequately the requirements of the school curriculum. The Board during the past term has granted $1,500 towards school libraries, $1,000 for Practical Arts equipment and supplies, and $1,000 for Elementary Science equipment and supplies. In addition to this, the Board, at considerable expense, has equipped the manual-training centres so that the complete programme of work in the Industrial Arts can be given to the pupils of Grades VII., VIIL, and IX. 5 I 66 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. ORGANIZATION PLANS. During the school-year 1937-38, plans will be formulated for the establishment of the junior high school in Burnaby. During the past year, the departmentalizing of the schools afforded an opportunity for the teachers of elementary schools to secure experiences similar to those to be met with in junior high schools. By working in this type of school they will be prepared for a ready adjustment to a junior high-school organization. Likewise, the pupils are being prepared for an easy transition from the elementary school to the junior high school. In making appointments to the staff, the Board is endeavouring to secure teachers with University degrees in order to have a properly qualified staff to undertake junior high-school work. There are now nineteen teachers in the elementary schools who possess University degrees. If present plans materialize, the school organization of 1938 will include the junior high school. It is the intention of the Commissioner to provide instruction in the Technical and Home Economics courses to all Grade IX. pupils during the year 1937-38. Four centres have been equipped to take care of this work during the fall term. Another commendable step taken by the Commissioner is the extension of the health and medical services in the schools. Two school nurses have been appointed and will begin their duties in September. These two progressive measures will enrich the offerings of our school system and will undoubtedly prove a beneficial procedure. In concluding my report, I should like to express my grateful appreciation to the members of the Department of Education, to Commissioner Fraser, and to my colleagues for the generous assistance rendered in this my first year as Inspector. SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND THE BLIND. I 67 THE SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND THE BLIND. REPORT OF C. E. MacDONALD, LL.B., B.S. in ED., PRINCIPAL. ATTENDANCE. The following table presents a summary of the enrolment for the 1936-37 school-year:- Deaf and Partial Hearing. Blind and Partial Sighted. Total. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Day pupils _. 13 7 21 7 6 14 1 7 7 1 2 6 22 22 48 Totals 41 27 15 9 92 The average age of those in attendance as at June 30th was slightly over 13 years. HEALTH. At the very outset of the term one of our day pupils contracted scarlet fever. Through the contact with our resident pupils, three cases appeared in the school and were promptly sent to the Infectious Hospital. In November one of our older boys developed an acute case of plural pneumonia. In spite of the skill and attention of our nurse and physician, this young lad passed away in our school hospital. An epidemic of measles swept the school and was later followed by mild outbreaks of mumps and chicken-pox. Two cases of measles developed complications and were removed to a city hospital for mastoid operations. As there were not adequate facilities for isolation, it became necessary to quarantine the school for short periods on two occasions. ACADEMIC AND VOCATIONAL DEPARTMENT. At the beginning of the school term a number of children with considerable residual hearing, as determined by Audiometer tests, were transferred to our new Auricular class. This modern approach has opened a new world for those with a usable degree of hearing and has done much to develop new interests and desirable attitudes. The class-room has been equipped with a Fairchild Multiple Hearing Aid, individual earphones, microphones, and other equipment, specially designed to meet the needs of those with impaired hearing. Through the generous co-operation of the Vancouver School Board, a number of children were given Pintner-Patterson and other non-language intelligence tests. In some cases children were sent to the Psychiatric Clinic for more detailed examinations by Dr. Crease and his staff. The results of this programme have been of great value in determining the most suitable methodology to be employed to meet individual needs. Reading and language-work have received major consideration in all deaf classes. The emphasis has been placed on those subjects in order to minimize the peculiar language handicap of the deaf. The results of reading and other tests given at the end of the term justified this desirable procedure. Soon after the fall term opened, a large area under the boys' dormitory was set up and fully equipped for the carrying-on of a number of afternoon industrial arts courses. All pupils in the intermediate and advanced classes have had one afternoon period for gymnasium-work and one for library and study problems each week. For the boys the other afternoon periods have been open for such courses as: Carpentry and Joinery, Draughting, Barbering, Shoe-repairing, Cabinet-work, Electricity, Art, Farming, and Household Mechanics. For the girls the other afternoon periods have been open for such courses as: Cooking, Typing, Sewing, Beauty-culture, Art, and Weaving. I 68 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. In order to carry this programme forward, it has been necessary to engage a few additional part-time teachers and to borrow others from the Provincial Department of Technical Education. It is hoped that the opportunities for try-outs in this wide range of afternoon activities will facilitate the discovery of the individual interests and aptitudes of the pupils. TEACHERS AND OFFICERS. Miss Dorothy Dewar returned to the teaching staff after a year's leave of absence for additional professional training. She was assigned to the new Auricular class and has obtained very satisfactory results. Mr. Ross Hamilton, an experienced teacher from the Saskatchewan School for the Deaf, was appointed to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Miss Mildred Planta. Miss Kathleen Heaney, R.N., was added to the household staff as nurse. Before the end of the term Miss Heaney resigned and was replaced by Miss Marion Lalonde, R.N. A number of our teachers have taken educational courses during the year. At the close of the term Miss Blake left for Columbia University to take a special advanced course for teachers of the deaf. Mr. Hamilton went to Saskatchewan University Summer School. Miss Dewar and Miss Bond plan to attend the summer session at the University of British Columbia. In concluding my report, I wish to pay tribute to the Vice-Principal, teachers, and officers for their loyalty, devotion to duty, and splendid co-operation. CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS. I 69 REPORTS OF OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS. HIGH SCHOOL AND VOCATIONAL COURSES. REPORT BY J. W. GIBSON, M.A., B.Paed., OFFICER IN CHARGE. During the past school-year satisfactory progress has been made in all branches of the work. The enrolment for the year was 2,068, as compared with 1,443 for the previous year, exclusive of unemployment relief camp cases. At the time of writing (October 20th) the enrolment of new students shows an increase of 24 per cent, over the same period last year. The increase in the volume of work is suggested by the number of students' papers examined this year—58,660 as compared with 48,625 for the previous year, an increase of 21 per cent. New registrations occur continuously throughout the year and old students withdraw. The autumn months witness a large influx of new students and the late summer months most of the withdrawals. Because of the closing-out of the unemployment relief camps, our work with adults was considerably reduced. In all other respects there was a notable increase. This was particularly noticeable in the number registering for Senior Matriculation courses and in the number of students in high schools taking correspondence courses. Only a few of the young men who started correspondence courses in relief camps have carried on since leaving the camps. Those who did so made very satisfactory records. PREPARATION AND REVISION OF COURSES. Modifications in the curriculum have made it necessary to have many of the old courses replaced by new ones. This has entailed a great deal of work, but it will mean a real improvement in our correspondence courses. Much yet remains to be done in order to bring our work into line with the new curriculum. Five new vocational courses have been added during the past year and others have been enlarged. Twenty-four high-school courses have been either revised or rewritten. At present the following Technical-Vocational courses are being offered: Mechanical Drawing (Draughting); Commercial Art; Lettering and Display- card Writing; Engineering Drawing; Automotive Engineering I. and II.; Diesel Engineering; Practical Electricity; Principles of Radio; Aviation I. and II.; Prospector's Course in Geology and Mining; Forestry and Forest Products; Building Construction; House Painting and Decorating; Plumbing; Heating and Steam-fitting. The total number of courses now being offered is 88—Grades IX. to XII., including Junior Matriculation and Commercial, 59 courses; Senior Matriculation, 11; Technical-Vocational, 18. A course is understood to mean a year's work in a subject. Full-time students usually complete eight or nine courses in a year. The preparation of an acceptable correspondence course involves much careful work. It requires skill in the newer processes of individual instruction as well as thorough knowledge of the subject in hand. Only specialists are entrusted with the preparation of our courses and we have been fortunate, so far, in being able to have all courses prepared within the Province. Over fifty specialists have been engaged in preparing correspondence courses since the work began and the high quality of these courses has been a matter of favourable comment by many prominent educationists outside of British Columbia. The authors of our correspondence courses have performed a unique and notable service in this Province and merit our thanks as well as our congratulations. In many cases the specialist who prepares a course is engaged as instructor for the course. SUPPLEMENTARY CORRESPONDENCE INSTRUCTION IN HIGH AND SUPERIOR SCHOOLS. For several years attention has been drawn to the fact that many pupils in our smaller high schools and in superior schools are often unable to get instruction in certain subjects that may be classed as optional. According to our present regulations, it is possible for a regular high-school student to carry as many as three subjects by correspondence. This very important provision permits of such benefits as these:— I 70 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. (1.) It affords students a wider choice of subjects; this is a matter of growing importance, in small schools especially, under the high-school graduation plan. (2.) It helps to take care of the needs of the irregular pupil or the new pupil coming into the Province from outside with certain subjects lacking. (3.) It helps to meet the needs of pupils who may have failed to meet requirements in certain subjects and who would otherwise have to repeat a year. (4.) It makes it possible for the specially gifted student to enlarge and enrich his regular courses in high school. (5.) It permits a high-school pupil to have a full commercial course in a school where there is not a commercial specialist. (6.) It enables pupils who have no intention of entering university or the teaching profession to elect vocational subjects in part. This privilege tends to hold certain pupils in school and gives them new interests as well as a measure of practical training. (7.) It is an important aid to many teachers who are placed in difficult positions, especially in small high schools. This year the idea of supplementary correspondence instruction in high schools has become more widespread and teachers are coming to appreciate more and more the practical benefits to be derived from it. They find, for instance, that many boys, who have no intention of going to university and who will spend only a year or two in high school, have been induced to take a new interest in their studies because of a vocational course that they have been able to include. Any high-school student who carries at least five high-school credit courses is now permitted to carry with them one vocational course at a time without paying the adult vocational fee, if under 18 years of age. THE RELATIONSHIP TO ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. Under our present regulations pertaining to high-school correspondence instruction, there is no real need for any elementary school undertaking high-school work. There are a few cases where the recorded attendance of one or two students living within the district and taking high-school work may be necessary in order to maintain the required minimum enrolment in the school. In such cases these students may still carry up to three subjects by correspondence. At the present time no student is asked to pay tuition fees if under 18 years of age. The annual registration fee of $2 only is required. THE RELATIONSHIP OF CORRESPONDENCE INSTRUCTION TO THE PROVINCIAL APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM. During the past year we have kept in touch with the Apprenticeship Board and also with the Trade-schools Regulation Committee. As time goes on and funtls are available for the extension of vocational courses, we hope to be in a position to offer instruction suitable to all young men out of reach of technical schools who are apprenticed to the building and related trades. It is our hope that more advanced courses can soon be offered along vocational lines, as there is an ever-widening opportunity for effective work in this field in the interests of many ambitious young men who, so far, have had to carry on their technical education unaided and at large, and often unwarranted, expense. We trust that the time is not far distant when this Province will have the facilities necessary for training its young men and women in all important branches of skilled labour and applied art. When that time comes, home-study or correspondence courses of a character unsurpassed in any country will play an important part in the education of the people. Enough has already been accomplished to justify this hope and also to point the way. ELEMENTARY CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL. REPORT OF MISS ISABEL BESCOBY, M.A., OFFICER IN CHARGE. The total enrolment in the Elementary Correspondence School during the school-year 1936-37 was less than in the previous school-year. This was accounted for by a sharp CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS. I 71 decrease in the Adult Class registration. An account of this Adult Class work is given elsewhere in this report. The registration by grades was as follows:— Grade I. 1935-36. 166 1936-37. 168 Grade II. .... 131 171 Grade III. . 120 132 Grade IV. 136 122 Grade V. 113 115 Grade VI. 96 98 Grade VII. . 78 93 Grade VIIL 85 94 Adult class 335 147 Totals 1.260 1.140 Based upon the total enrolment of regular students, the average cost per pupil for the entire school-year was $13.89. This includes the cost of writing, printing, distributing, and marking lessons, but not the cost of postage, text-books, and the Travelling Library. As even the children's registration did not increase to any great extent during the year, instructors were able to focus attention on improving lessons by remodelling them to conform with suggestions in the new Provincial Programme of Studies. This revision was completed in all lessons and all regular subjects in Grades I. to VI. An entirely new course in Grade V. History was written. Steps were taken to provide new junior high-school courses in Grades VII. and VIIL, and it is expected that reorganization of these lessons will be completed during the school-year 1937-38. In the past, some Correspondence School pupils have suffered from lack of time for studies. They have been engaged long hours per day with home duties. This meant that they had only one or two hours per day for study and that it took several years to complete a grade's work in all subjects. This led to a high percentage of over-age students in the upper grades of the school. We have tried to decrease retardation recently by offering partial courses in only the more essential subjects to children in special circumstances. So far, the plan has been very successful, and many who would otherwise have stopped school altogether are still enrolled, progressing well in two or three basic subjects. Some follow these partial courses with full courses in all subjects in higher grades. Others do not attempt to gain their High School Entrance Certificates, but continue to study a few subjects for which they have time. An interesting study of withdrawn students is now being completed. It, appears that withdrawn Correspondence School students take their places in public schools very readily and that in academic work they attain at least the Provincial grade standards. It is hoped to complete this study shortly and to investigate statements that students develop more initiative, judgment, and self-reliance in this school than in other schools of the Province. A total of fourteen instructors and stenographers were employed during the year. Besides writing new lessons, marking submitted work, and other routine duties, they issued two school magazines during the year. Service through the Travelling Library was substantially increased through the kind co-operation of the Public Library Commission. I 72 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. TEXT-BOOK BRANCH. REPORT OF P. G. BARR, OFFICER IN CHARGE. In regard to the free books which are loaned to pupils through the schools, principals and teachers must be reminded again that when additional supplies are required they should be ordered on a " Free Requisition Form properly completed." If a Free Requisition Form is not on hand at the school, please write to the Text-book Branch for one and thus avoid delay in the shipping of the goods. Orders submitted by letter instead of on the proper form must be entered on a regular form by this office before they are shipped, and many times the required detail is not contained in the letter; this causes delay in shipment. A slightly more liberal supply of the Free Requisition Forms will be sent to schools in future. Some few teachers still order " free " books on our " Price List Order Form." This must not be done, as the Price List does not contain the proper data necessary for the issuing of free supplies. It is pleasing to note that proper supervision is being exercised in the caring of free texts in the schools, and sound common sense is being used in regard to the destroying of unfit books. This has effected a substantial saving to the Province. It is hoped that the few teachers and principals whose supervision of the use of free texts is not satisfactory may exercise proper care in the future. In connection with the supplying of Free Supplementary Readers to Rural Schools (Grades I. to IV. only), it should be noted that these readers may only be supplied on the basis of one Supplementary Reader to each three pupils in the grade, and Readers of the same title as those already on hand in any school may not always be supplied. As long as the Rural School concerned has a supply of suitable material on the above basis of one to three, it is considered as equipped from a Free Supply point of view. When teachers require additional free Supplementary Readers, they should send the request to this office and supply the following details:— Number of pupils in Grades I. to IV. respectively, and complete detail regarding Supplementary Readers on hand—titles, quantities, etc. Saleable books, prescribed texts, supplementary and reference books may be purchased through the Text-book Branch from districts where there are no local booksellers, or the local dealer does not give the required service. This, however, would be a matter for the local Board to decide, and all orders of this nature should be submitted through and signed by the local Secretary or Official Trustee. When orders are signed in this manner we will allow the usual dealer's discount. If, because of communication difficulties, it is not possible to obtain the signature of the Secretary or Official Trustee, teachers may order direct from us, but a satisfactory reason for the omission of the official's signature must be given. The usual report forms, etc., were forwarded to all School Boards when and where required. To purchase and distribute the free supplies issued during the school-year 1936-37 to the public schools, and in connection with the correspondence courses, required an expenditure of $55,474.18, and 6,742 free requisitions were received and filled. Combined orders, free and saleable, reached the large total for the school-year of 16,888. I hope these figures will demonstrate how difficult it is for this office to trace quickly transactions under discussion, unless necessary data such as correct dates and invoice number are quoted in the correspondence. From the above orders which were received from dealers, School Boards, and others throughout the entire Province, the sum of $225,375.59 was deposited in the Treasury. It is the constant endeavour of the Text-book Branch to make all transactions as simple as possible, and we look forward to the continued happy co-operation of the entire teaching profession in British Columbia. The following is a copy of the Annual Report of the Text-book Branch for the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1937:— TEXT-BOOK BRANCH. I 73 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OFFICER IN CHARGE, TEXT-BOOK BRANCH, FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31st, 1937. I am pleased to report that the fifth annual statement shows still another year's successful business operation. A partial reallocation of the work of the staff was possible, with a resultant increase in efficiency, through the passing of at least part of my recommendations when the Estimates were last presented. Additional adjustments are yet necessary in order that we may continue to handle the greatly increased volume of business, with its mass of detail, which passes through this Branch. Our gross sales have increased rapidly from year to year, and the detail in connection with Library-work and the " Lending Plan " also shows . a material increase. Stock. The value of our stock on hand is somewhat larger than last year's figure. The main reason for the increase is that Readers and other free books are being better cared for and are lasting a little longer in the schools than we had estimated. The stock on hand, however, is very reasonable in comparison to our turnover, and is all live stock. Sales. Our total sales for the year amounted to the large sum of $254,987, which is an increase of 32 per cent, over those of the previous year and 62 per cent, over the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1934. This greatly increased volume of sales represents a steady increase throughout the entire year, and continues to tax the staff and our accommodations to the limit, the strain of course being heaviest during our peak periods. Discounts allowed to dealers, School Boards, and others amounted to $36,184. The distribution of free texts, etc., cost $54,893.65. Profit. It will be noted that the net profit for the year, amounting to $1,710.25, has been duly transferred to Consolidated Revenue. The fact that this Branch has consistently shown a small profit since it was organized along present lines, and has stabilized and reduced the price of text-books throughout the Province, gives each employee of the Branch a healthy feeling of pride in a job well done. The members of the permanent staff work under high pressure and are required to give much additional service during peak periods. I wish to record my thanks for their splendid co-operation and also for the courtesy and co-operation shown by members of the Department of Education, School Boards, teachers, and dealers throughout the Province. All of which is respectfully submitted. P. G. Barr, June Hth, 1937. Officer in Charge, Text-book Branch. Profit and Loss Statement for Year ended March 31st, 1937. Gross sales $254,987.00 Less discount 36,184.90 Net sales $218,802.10 Stock on hand $61,662.95 Less C.P.R. claim paid 3.00 $61,659.95 Purchases for year: Cost $203,649.30 Freight and duty 5,797.19 209,446.49 $271,106.44 Stock on hand, March 31st, 1937 74,664.91 Net cost of goods sold 196,441.53 Gross profit for year $22,360.57 Carried forward $22,360.57 I 74 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. Brought forward Expenses: Salaries and wages $14,629.69 Freight and delivery 4,288.30 Packing and general expenses 1,732.04 Bad debts written off Net profit, transferred to Consolidated Revenue Certified correct. $22,360.57 20,650.03 $1,710.54 .29 $1,710.25 J. F. Meredith, Clerk. Certified correct. P. G. Barr, Officer in Charge. Balance-sheet, March 31st, 1937. Assets. Refund cash: On hand In bank . $50.00 150.00 Undeposited cash Stock inventory Accounts receivable (departments, School Boards, etc.) $19,448.34 Less reserve for bad debts 500.00 $200.00 10.72 74,664.91 18,948.34 $93,823.97 Liabilities. Treasury advances Operating Account Reserve for obsolescence of stock $200.00 92,873.97 750.00 $93,823.97 Certified correct. J. F. Meredith, Clerk. Certified correct. P. G. Barr, Officer in Charge. ADULT EDUCATION. I 75 REPORT ON THE WORK OF ADULT EDUCATION, BRITISH COLUMBIA. BY JOHN KYLE, A.R.C.A., OFFICER IN CHARGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION. The above work was considerably lighter during 1936-37 because the Dominion Government relief camps had been dispensed with and the Provincial camps were interested almost entirely in forestry and mining. While this report, therefore, deals specifically with the technical branch of Adult Education, yet Adult Education embraces also classes in Mining for Prospectors, Recreational and Physical Education Groups, Instruction by Correspondence in Vocational Subjects, Household Training Classes, and Self-help Groups. The shops for technical work were all housed in disused school buildings and the courses of work were distinctly vocational in character. Skilled practical instructors who had been members of the teacher-training classes were in charge of the shops and a good foundation was well laid for such trades as Cabinetmaking, House-building, Electrical Engineering, Automobile Engineering, Draughting, Typewriting, Shorthand, Cookery, and Clothing. The following is a list of the schools for the unemployed, together with the subjects taught and the number attending:— Subjects. Enrolment. Carleton School, Vancouver. 337 Carrall Street, Vancouver.. Hastings School, Vancouver Electricity English for New Canadians.. Woodwork Macdonald School, Vancouver A.O.T.S. Polytechnic, Vancouver- Auto Mechanics.. Wood-carving Book-keeping Abbott House, Vancouver ._ Henry Hudson School, Vancouver Sanford Fleming School, Vancouver Various schools, Vancouver (Community Self-help Department) (for details see separate report following) Provincial Vocational School for Girls, Open-air School, Vancouver Gilmore Avenue School, Burnaby Ridgeway School, North Vancouver Queen Mary School, North Vancouver Inglewood School, West Vancouver... _ Shorthand and Typewriting... Show-card Writing and Commercial Art- English for New Canadians.. Woodwork ._ Radio Servicing Woodwork West Vancouver High School, West Vancouver . Nutrition, Household Art, Dramatics, Choral Work, Folk-dancing, Quilt-making, Rug-making, Dressmaking, Embroidery, Spinning, and Weaving Household Training. __ Dressmaking Woodwork and Building Construction Auto Mechanics Home Economics Public Speaking Woodwork „ Typewriting- __ Pauline Johnson School, West Vancouver.. " Y.W.C.A.." Victoria Victoria High School, Victoria Market Building, Victoria Victoria West School, Victoria — Motor Mechanics Flower Arrangement and Table Decoration- Shorthand and Typewriting. Auto Mechanics Household Training Free Classes in Mining for Prospectors (for details see Technical Education Report) Elementary-school correspondence instruction (for details see separate report following) Correspondence instruction in vocational subjects (for details see separate report following). Recreational and Physical Education (for details see separate report following). 20 93 46 59 16 22 35 16 20 58 24 50 1,343 46 41 29 35 100 23 26 19 21 20 33 50 14 893 147 374 11,860 Total.. 15,533 In order to simplify matters for any one seeking information upon Adult Education and upon what is being accomplished in the Province, it has been thought advisable to include in the total the number who participated in Self-help activities in Vancouver; those who took courses in Home Economics; the number of adults who took instruction by correspondence; and those who attend the Recreational and Physical Education classes throughout the Province. Full particulars will be found in the following reports from those who were responsible for such work: Miss J. L. McLenaghen, Miss Isabel Bescoby, Mr. J. W. Gibson, Mrs. G. G. Ross, and Mr. Ian Eisenhardt. I 76 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. ADULT EDUCATION—HOME ECONOMICS. REPORT OF MISS JESSIE McLENAGHEN, B.Sc, DIRECTOR OF HOME ECONOMICS. The vocational work conducted in co-operation with the Y.W.C.A. has continued successfully both in Vancouver and in Victoria. The course for Household Training was extended to four months and, in all, fifty-four students graduated. In connection with the last class, it was decided by the committee to withhold the departmental certificate until graduates had had three months' successful experience. Recommendations were made to increase the length of the training period to six months and to take a practice-house so as to offer opportunities for greater efficiency in a home situation. We should like to take this opportunity to express our appreciation of the co-operation of the V.O.N, nurses, the B.C. Electric Co., and the various hostesses who so generously gave their homes and their time for the better training of these girls. Students in the Household Training classes in Victoria were given the advantage of a short course of ten lessons in Flower Arrangement by Miss Frances Ede. Plans are complete for extending this privilege to the Vancouver students during the coming year. In January, 1937, two classes in Commercial Dressmaking were started in Vancouver, with a registration of forty-one, under the direction of two commercial dressmakers. The purpose of these classes was to train girls for the various openings in the clothing trade. For the coming year, recommendations have been made for the addition of courses in Pattern Adjustment, Pattern Draughting, and Dress Appreciation, so that a conception of the artistic side of the clothing-work may be gained. In June a display of the work of the Dressmaking classes was open to the public and the results were gratifying. In North Vancouver the Adult work continued to grow under the direction of Mrs. Lila Richards—100 women of varying ages taking advantage of the opportunities for home dressmaking. ELEMENTARY CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL ADULT CLASS. MISS ISABEL BESCOBY, M.A., OFFICER IN CHARGE. There were 147 adults enrolled in the 1936-37 class as compared to 335 in 1935-36. The decrease in the number enrolled was due to the discontinuance of relief camps and to the stopping of the Oakalla work. The class consisted almost entirely of individual pupils studying in their homes and the class at Tranquille which has been under the supervision of Mr. Henry Worthington. One full-time Instructor was employed to mark lessons submitted to the Correspondence School for correction. The salary of the Instructor and supplies for the adult class were paid from the Adult Education Vote. There has been a great deal of improvement in the quality of the work submitted and lessons have been sent in more frequently. This is no doubt due to the fact that adults were asked to purchase this year all the required text-books. The enrolment, therefore, has been almost entirely of those who earnestly desire to improve their education. Three students completed Grade VIIL this year and received their Entrance Certificates. Many of the adults are taking only partial courses because of insufficient time to devote to a full course. The students of the Adult class are very appreciative both to the Department and to the Elementary Correspondence School for the help they are receiving. One foreign-born pupil writes:— " I wish to thank the school and all of you who have helped me with my lessons. I am very grateful for what you have done for me. All my friends tell me I speak much better than I did before which makes me very glad." The following extract came from a Canadian who had not been able to go any further than Grades III. and IV. as a child:—■ " I enjoy my lessons very much and am surprised at how quickly I am learning the things I wanted so much to know." ADULT EDUCATION. I 77 HIGH CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL ADULT EDUCATION. J. W. GIBSON, M.A., B.Paed., OFFICER IN CHARGE. As the unemployment relief camps closed last year, correspondence courses for adults, during the year now ended, have been confined to regularly-registered students. These courses included a considerable amount of regular academic work, identical with that carried by regular high-school students, including commercial courses, as well as technical-vocational courses. Of the latter the following courses were offered:—■ Students. Mechanical Drawing 47 Building Construction 5 Commercial Art 20 Lettering and Display-card Writing 15 Engineering Drawing 19 Automotive Engineering I. and II 134 Diesel Engineering 23 Practical Electricity 56 Principles of Radio 11 Aviation I. and II. 15 Geology and Mining 22 Forestry and Forest Products 7 Total enrolment 374 Plans are under way to include the following new courses for the coming year: Painting and Decorating; Plumbing; Heating and Steam-fitting; Roofing and Stair-building; House- wiring; Steam Engineering (third and fourth class) ; Advanced Draughting or Architectural Drawing. Several of the old courses will be revised and republished. Young men who come under the " Apprenticeship Act " and who are not able to attend Technical School classes are allowed to substitute correspondence courses. Boys 16 years of age and over, who are attending high schools but who do not intend to proceed to University, are permitted to carry one vocational subject per year without paying the regular tuition fee as in the case of students outside high schools. Many of our high- school principals are advising older boys to do this and so far the results are quite satisfactory. In these cases vocational correspondence courses chosen are frequently substituted for foreign languages. This concession promises to be an important feature of our work. Correspondence courses in technical-vocational subjects are also used to supplement the practical instruction given in the Adult Education schools for unemployed young men. They are also being used in the interests of inmates at the Oakalla Prison Farm and should be greatly extended there. The demand for instruction in vocational subjects by correspondence is rapidly increasing and offers an excellent opportunity for helping young men who are unable to receive the desired instruction in any other way. COMMUNITY SELF-HELP GROUPS. EXCERPTS FROM THE REPORT OF MRS. GEORGINA G. ROSS, SUPERVISING DIRECTOR. I beg to submit the following report on the Community Self-help Groups in the City of Vancouver for 1936-37:— These groups numbered sixty-five and met in the following schools: McBride, Norquay, Henry Hudson, Lord Roberts, Mount Pleasant, Van Home, Fleming, Model, Renfrew, Lord Nelson, Carleton, Mackenzie, and Charles Dickens. I 78 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. The instructors include Miss V. I. Meyers, Instructor of Spinning and Weaving; Madame Elfrida Webb, Director of Drama; Mrs. D. Bruin, Instructor of Corrective Exercises; and 110 volunteer group leaders and supervisors. The activities in which the members were engaged embraced nutrition, household art, dramatics, choral work, folk-dancing, quilt-making, rug-making, dressmaking, spinning, weaving, and embroidery. Dressmaking.—An important part of dressmaking was the remodelling of garments; 1,213 garments were made from materials issued through the co-operation of the Vancouver Central Clothing Committees and 2,174 garments were distributed for remodelling. The making of all garments was supervised and approved by group leaders and proved very satisfactory. Spinning and Weaving.—Raw wool amounting to 1,465 lb. was distributed to group members for carding, spinning, quilt-making, and rug-making. Five Weavers' Clubs were organized and supervised by an experienced instructor. Dramatics.—Five Dramatic Clubs were active during the year and their members competed in the Drama Festival for a silver cup for the best play and also for a silver trophy for the best player. All the groups participated in the display at the Vancouver Exhibition. The first prize of a silver cup was won by the Community Self-help Group Float in the fraternal division at the Jubilee Parade of Progress. The total registration in the thirteen schools numbered 1,343. Of this number, 48.34 per cent, were on relief, 8.05 per cent, received pensions, and 20.5 per cent, are border-line cases. The groups were supported entirely by the Departments of Education and Labour and no fees were collected from the various members. The work accomplished has done a great deal to preserve the morale of the people through a very trying depression. — RECREATIONAL AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION. I 79 RECREATIONAL AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION. REPORT OF IAN EISENHARDT, DIRECTOR. The following table presents the increase in the number of centres at which classes for recreational and physical education were held and the growth in registration at these classes since they were first established in 1934:— No. of Centres. Season. Registration. Aggregate Attendances. Attendance Spectators. 19 15 24 23 58 Winter, 1934-35.. Summer, 1935 Winter, 1935-36.. Summer, 1936 Winter, 1936-37.. 2,768 985 4,535 1,371 10,489 26,513 6,738 42,855 11,055 108,430 13,980 5,550 11,443 40,407 63,411 A great deal of publicity has been given to the activities of the centres and great results have been achieved by groups of members as well as by individual members. We receive many requests for more service, but limited appropriations make it impossible to do more than we have done and are doing at present. Every dollar goes a long way. When we realize that the cost per head was only $2.86 for a period of eight months—hardly more than the average golfer's expenditures per week—then can we understand better the immensity of the work which is being carried out at such a low cost. With better facilities we could handle twice as many people in the same districts. It often happens that groups of people turn up, but because our locations are very inadequate and unattractive they become discouraged and do not bother to return. On the other hand, we have had numerous instances of members walking miles in order to attend. One criticism has often been raised—that gymnastics are stressed too much. I wish to point out that there is a great need for corrective gymnastics among our young people. This Branch of the Department of Education aims for a beautiful all-round development of the individual, physically as well as mentally. Such results cannot be achieved by participation in sports and games alone; the co-ordination of mind and body is very important. The Provincial Recreation Centres have supplied to the communities throughout the Province the very thing they needed—namely, a gathering-place for the adolescents and young adults of both sexes. Community spirit, good citizenship, and a love of their country are the underlying principles of our whole work. It is no wonder that the young people have rallied to our centres. We have given them certain ideals for which to strive, ideals far above the average, in which they can forget self and unite for the common good. A happy, healthy, and straight-thinking Canadian youth—idealistic and unselfish, ready to serve Canada as good citizens—will be the outcome of this health movement. The " Gymnast."—Our monthly newspaper, during the winter, has developed from a mere stencilled sheet into a four-, six-, or eight-page printed pamphlet (depending upon the amount of material), with a 5,000 to 6,000 circulation. Mr. Paul Kozoolin was the Editor again of this very welcome paper, which served as the main connecting-link between the members of the centres. Many comments on the good articles written in this paper have been received from people in this Province as well as from " outsiders." At times, editorials were reprinted in other publications throughout the Province. Membership Crests.—Crests were again sold to the members at a nominal cost of 15 cents. These crests are very popular, and as they have on them the British Columbia coat of arms they represent something patriotic, a sense which could be more developed among our young people. Uniforms.—When Miss Dorothiruth Meilicke, chief instructress, returned from Ollerup, Denmark, where she had taken a course conducted by Niels Bukh, she introduced " rompers " as a uniform for the women members of the centres. So far, several hundred of these have been sold at $2 each, which includes the romper and a white shirt or blouse. They are very practical as they can also be worn at beaches and camps. The members wear across the front of the blue rompers their names in large white block letters, thereby enabling the I 80 PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. instructress and fellow-members to mingle and become acquainted more easily. The sale price was the same as their cost to us. This season the uniforms were purchased through the office; next year the women will order theirs directly from the firm. A felt sandal was introduced for dancing. Accidents.—I am happy to report that, aside from a few sprained ankles and wrists, the Department has a " clean " record. All the instructors were required to take a course in first aid. With almost 11,000 young people participating in many varied activities, this record speaks well of the instructors' careful handling of the classes. Equipment.—"We. are labouring under a great handicap in this respect as until recently there were no firms in British Columbia which manufactured the equipment necessary for our instruction, and it was far too expensive to import the pieces of apparatus from another Province, usually from the East. Mats, spring-boards, and vaulting-boxes are the usual pieces of equipment used in our centres; but as the movement progresses we shall require more apparatus, such as high bars, parallel bars, and climbing-ropes. Programmes.—The only new activity included in our programme this past winter was ball-room dancing, carried out at the Provincial Normal School Centre. Otherwise our programme is one which consists of gymnastics, dancing, games, boxing, wrestling, table-tennis, track and field, swimming, diving, life-saving, pyramid-building, acrobatics, tap, folk, and natural dancing, weight-lifting, archery, football, socials, dances, and amateur hours. Enrolment Forms.—Again this year all members signed registration forms, from which we obtain such information as their names, ages, addresses, telephones. On each membership form is kept a record of the member's achievements and additional information is added throughout the various seasons. In this way we have built up a regular index-card of each member's achievements. A sample registration form is shown at the end of this report. It is my wish for next year to have membership-cards issued, with a picture of the holder of the card, his physical measurements, and possibly a medical record chart; in the office would be a duplicate card. Publicity.—Newspapers throughout the Province, with few exceptions, are vitally interested in this movement and time after time have devoted considerable space to the centres' activities. In this connection, I wish to explain that names of our members are used as frequently as possible. This gives the young people a certain pardonable satisfaction and creates an added incentive. From time to time the Director contributes feature articles to the various newspapers which at times contribute their own comments on our activities. The " B.C. Teacher," March issue, printed an article by Mr. Paul Kozoolin, which attracted attention in the Physical Education Bulletin of the American Physical Education Association. Great co-operation has been accorded us by the newspapers and they should be given their due credit for their valuable assistance in building up a health-consciousness. Summer Courses.—One cannot abuse his health for a number of years and then expect, through a few weeks' training, to get back suddenly into good condition. The body will stand a great deal of punishment, but how much better would it be if people were taught healthful living. Realizing the tremendous scope there is for recreation and physical education work all across the Dominion, it was all-apparent to the Director that only through good leadership could progress be made. During the summer of 1936 two courses for teachers and leaders of health and physical education were conducted in Vancouver and two in Victoria. Forty-two men and fifty-nine women enrolled in Vancouver's summer courses and Victoria had four men and twenty-six women enrolled. At the completion of the courses the students were presented with certificates. The instructors in charge of the Vancouver courses were Jerry Mathisen (Provincial Chief Instructor), Misses Molly Edwards and Phyllis Sanderson, and Messrs. Thomas Ruben and Paul Kozoolin. Those in charge of the Victoria courses were Mrs. Joan Horsfield and Mr. Alfred Batcheler. A fee of $10 was levied on each student, which almost covered the expenses in connection with the courses. It is interesting to note also that several of those who took the courses were given positions on the teaching staff last winter. Many of those registered were high-school and elementary-school teachers, all of whom returned to their respective schools to teach physical education. In many districts where centres were established the instructors taught school-children as well, but this was done through special arrangements being made with the various School Boards. RECREATIONAL AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION. I 81 Vancouver Island Tour.—Under the management of Mr. Jerry Mathisen, Provincial Chief Instructor, and chaperoned by Mrs. Ian Eisenhardt, a group of thirty-five young people toured Vancouver Island from Port Alberni to Victoria, via Qualicum, Nanaimo, Ladysmith, Chemainus, Duncan, and Saanich. Several thousand witnessed daily performances and the young gymnasts were acclaimed by every one who saw the displays. The tour was made in one of the coaches of the Vancouver Island Coach Lines, Ltd., chartered for the occasion. The young people did very valuable pioneer work in presenting to the people of Vancouver I
- Library Home /
- Search Collections /
- Open Collections /
- Browse Collections /
- BC Sessional Papers /
- SIXTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF...
Open Collections
BC Sessional Papers
SIXTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 1936-1937 BY THE… British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1938]
jpg
Page Metadata
Item Metadata
Title | SIXTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 1936-1937 BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION |
Alternate Title | PUBLIC SCHOOLS REPORT, 1936-37. |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1938] |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1938_V01_11_I1_I208 |
Collection |
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2016 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0307500 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
Download
- Media
- bcsessional-1.0307500.pdf
- Metadata
- JSON: bcsessional-1.0307500.json
- JSON-LD: bcsessional-1.0307500-ld.json
- RDF/XML (Pretty): bcsessional-1.0307500-rdf.xml
- RDF/JSON: bcsessional-1.0307500-rdf.json
- Turtle: bcsessional-1.0307500-turtle.txt
- N-Triples: bcsessional-1.0307500-rdf-ntriples.txt
- Original Record: bcsessional-1.0307500-source.json
- Full Text
- bcsessional-1.0307500-fulltext.txt
- Citation
- bcsessional-1.0307500.ris