PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ANNUAL EEPORT OF THE LANDS AND SURVEY BRANCHES DEPAETMENT OF LANDS YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 ST, 1932 HON. N. S. LOUGHEED, MINISTER OF LANDS PRINTED BY AUTHORITY 01? THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Chahles P. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1933. Victoria, B.C., February 3rd, 1933. To His Honour John William Pordham Johnson, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour : Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Lands and Survey Branches of the Department of Lands for the year ended December 31st, 1932. N. S. LOUGHEED, Minister of Lands. Victoria, B.C., February 3rd, 1933. The Honourable N. S. Lougheed, Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Lands and Survey Branches of the Department of Lands for the twelve months ended December 31st, 1932. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, H. CATHCART, Deputy Minister of Lands. PART I. DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Report of Superintendent of Lands 7 Revenue .' 7 Sale of Town Lots 9 Pre-emption Records 9 Pre-emption Record Inspections 10 Summary 11 Letters inward and outward 12 Land-sales 12 Coal Licences, Leases, etc 12 Crown Grants issued 12 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Victoria, B.C., February 1st, 1933. H. Catheart, Esq., Deputy Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit herewith statements containing details of land administration by the Lands Branch of the Department of Lands during the year ended December 31st, 1932. From a comparison with the figures accompanying my last report, it will be seen that, with few exceptions, all items of revenue-producing business show the continued downward trend to be expected in sympathy with present conditions of private business. The increase in correspondence, while showing an interest in our resources fully maintained, would under normal conditions indicate a corresponding increase in general business, but the heavier staff-work entailed evidently did not result in the usual percentage of completed sales, etc. For the fifth consecutive year, it will be noted that sales of reverted acreage are in excess of those of similar nature under the " Land Act." Closing of Peace River Land Recording District, including the Peace River Block, in May last to pre-emption entry has, of course, had a diminishing effect on the total entries for the year, and the improved control legislation of last session with regard to administration of coal, petroleum, and natural gas has had a similar, but expected only temporary, effect on our records covering these items. The policy of examining and appraising lands reverted to the Crown for non-payment of taxes was continued during the past year, and, according to the interim report, details of 633 parcels comprising 95,000 acres in Lillooet District will shortly be available, in addition to the 3,200 parcels within easy reach of Vancouver, and 150,000 acres in the vicinity of Prince George and along the line of the Canadian Northern Railway previously appraised and now for sale on favourable terms. Measures inaugurated during the past year for grazing control and adjustment of lease rentals have met with widespread approval, and while no increase in revenue to the Crown is anticipated for the present, the settlement of long-outstanding matters pertaining to the business of sheep and cattle raising will be of permanent benefit to the industry. I have, etc., NEWMAN TAYLOR, Superintendent of Lands. STATEMENT OF REVENUE, YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31st, 1932. Land-sales. Victoria. Agencies. Total. $605.70 34,001.21 623.15 4,153.25 $605.70 34,001.21 $7,740.09 29,739.56 328.68 1,345.82 8,363.24 33,892.81 328.68 1,345.82 Totals $39,383.31 $39,154.15 $78,537.46 V 8 REPORT OP MINISTER OP LANDS, 1932. Revenue under " Land Act." Victoria. Agencies. Total. Sundry lease rentals Grazing rentals Survey fees.... Sundry fees Royalty Improvements Rent of property Mineral claims, April to December. Totals $08,830.60 5,658.03 645.07 7,833.64 85.86 631.15 v 76.94 $83,761.29 $1,571.95 3,388.00 784.48 192.00 1,401.80 $7,338.23 $68,830.60 5,658.03 2,217.02 11,221.04 85.86 1,415.63 192.00 1,478.74 $91,099.52 Revenue under " Coal and Petroleum Act." Victoria. Agencies. Total. $13,700.00 10,085.10 2,302.96 1,600.00 $13,700.00 10,0,85.10 2,362.96 1,600.00 Totals . .. $27,748.06 $27,748.06 Sundry Receipts. Victoria. Agencies. Total. $5,964.67 325.28 3,505.85 11,633.84 $5,964.67 325.28 3,505.85 11,633.84 Totals $21,429.64 $21,429.64 Summary op Revenue. Victoria. Agencies. Total. $39,383.31 83,761.29 27,748.06 21,429.64 $39,154.15 7,338.23 $78,537.46 91,099.52 27,748.06 21,429.64 Totals $172,322.30 $46,492.38 $218,814.68 Summary op Cash received. Victoria. Agencies. Total. Revenue $218,814.68 7,047.13 686.87 51,600.00 37,375.07 1,932.05 $218,814.68 7,047.13 " Soldiers' Land Act "— Southern Okanagan Project Houses, South Vancouver 686 87 " Better Housing Act "— 51,600.00 37,375.07 1,932.05 Interest Refunds to votes and advances Totals $317,455.80 $317,455.80 PRE-EMPTION RECORDS, ETC., 1932. V 9 SALE OP TOWN LOTS DURING 1932. Disposal of lots placed on the market at previous auction sales:— 7 lots at Prince George $925.00 3 lots at Mabel Lake 600.00 2 lots at Powell River 240.00 5 lots at Vanderhoof 200.00 3 lots at Christina Lake : 150.00 ' 2 lots at Fernie 150.00 5 lots at Walters Island 135.00 And 22 lots in various other townsites 790.00 Total $3,190.00 During the year auctions were held at Effgen, Penny, and Fraser Lake Townsites, disposing of twelve lots for $292.25. University Hill Subdivision in Lot l!fi, N.W.D. (Endowment Lands).—Two lots leased, value $4,410; two lots sold, value $3,455. Southern Okanagan Project.—Six parcels were sold in 1932 comprising 320.20 acres, the purchase price being $3,665.25. Temporary leases have also been issued over six small lots at the location of Osoyoos Townsite within the Project. PRE-EMPTION RECORDS, ETC., 1932. Agency. Pre-emption Records allowed. Certificates* of Purchase. Certificates of Improvements. 2 54 8 60 105 8 67 2 5 2 46 7 619 9 113 23 22 27 16 7 16 1 52 4 8 16 52 1 33 2 5 37 121 12 45 24 34 5 4 3 92 6 681 Atlin 13 2 9 2 12 1 1 4 3 14 11 I Totals 1,202 1,254 80 V 10 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1932.. CO Zfl O to, a o PL! ta rto o « O O PI o H m Tt 07 coco OOOOt-HH-taflCMWflt 01 to CO 01 tH w io : oi co ir-fioiot- : iwoHOwiiiofi : t- oi oi c- :-* ^« o : ; w w o : co oi co : : t- io to : t- co : w io w ca : : *- -* oo 10 c* ao : -^ : : ^ P, co it-ioci «in : oi oi ** i~ t- <o : oi co : oi : ko co ho : : cl h m t. : : oi : © : : ih co M «4 Ol ** '.to r, oi : : ^H : -tf rt c St & .Safe OJ o So . -P V <j <J o •Cl -rt r—I W <1> ■—I O ^) Kj^t-f-ir=;«»B'-'i'w-j o&,&ifeOMW?;^ZPLift M w — —< —- ™ 1, ™ ft Ph a « 03 H fe i SUMMARY. 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Ito X q, ai ei M) a o h O O _ oJ h > cd ^ x t-s cs cju cj o 3 SB » 85 p QQ a t7 CJ CJ (ti rt > S --a cc ei p.. fc , CJ S 9Q 0° rC, S RH f- * d E ft ?fS S « ~ "J ¥ V +> i* % P ^ cj u ft o •+-» cd C r-i CJ S S OJ (-1 f_l O 4-J CS i- Cfi -* -P 4- sj S> -w -w ito Ci.; Cj !- O C: Z O « 4) 1 tt CJ CJ U o o c O CJ CJ CJ P- O C c (r p a c PC r- 1 [1 rj c c. cr C K r. fr r- V 12 REPORT OF MINISTER OP LANDS, 1932. STATEMENT OF LETTERS INWARD AND OUTWARD, 1932. Letters inward 26,620 Letters outward (including circulars, statements, etc.) 34,402 LAND-SALES, 1932. " Land Act "— Acres. Surveyed (first class) 478 Surveyed (second class) 7,154 7,632 Unsurveyed 3,408 Total ; 11,040 " Taxation Act"— Surveyed 13,102.60 GOAL LICENCES, LEASES, ETC., 1932. CoAL-PROSPECTING LICENCES. Number of licences issued, 137; area, 87,680 acres. Coal Leases. Number of leases issued, 23; area, 13,763 acres. Sundry Leases. Number of leases issued, 154; area, 14,421.70 acres. CROWN GRANTS ISSUED, 1932. Pre-emptions 73 Dominion homesteads 224 Purchase '. 133 Mineral 114 Town lots 25 Reverted lands (other than town lots) 95 Reverted town lots 82 Reverted mineral claims 32 " Dyking Assessment Act " 6 "Public Schools Act" 1 Miscellaneous 10 Total 795 Applications for Crown grants 853 Certified copies 7 Total Acreage deeded. Pre-emptions 8,302.10 Dominion homesteads 32,241.67 Mineral claims (other than reverted) 4,558.18 Reverted mineral claims 1,307.46 Purchase of surveyed Crown lands (other than town lots) 7,684.85 Purchase of reverted lands 4,376.04 Total 58,470.30 PART II. SURVEY BRANCH. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Report of the Surveyor-General 15 Survey Revenue 16 General Review of Field-work 16 Office-work 17 Survey Division 18 Table A—Summary of Office-work 19 Table B—Showing Averages of each Class of Surveys Gazetted each Year since 1900 19 Table C—List of Departmental Reference Maps 20 Table D—List of Departmental Mineral Reference Maps 22 Geographic Division 24 Table E—List of Lithographed Maps 26 Reports of Surveyors— Photo-topographical Survey, Vancouver Island 27 Photo-topographical Survey, Vancouver Island 29 REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR-GENERAL. Victoria, B.C., January 14th, 1933. H. Cathcart, Esq., Deputy Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the following report on the operations of the Survey Branch for the year ended December 31 st, 1932 :— The continued fall in Provincial revenues due to the world-wide economic situation was reflected in the 1932 appropriation for surveys, which was the lowest in over twenty-five years. On this account, work was restricted to the most urgent items, and projects of great economic promise had to be postponed. The field-work of the Survey Branch may be divided into three main classes: (1) Tri- angulation, this being the best and cheapest means of determining the true positions of main features; (2) topographical surveys, now mostly carried on with the aid of aerial photography, with ground control supplied by minor triangulation and the surveying-camera; (3) cadastral surveys, in preparation for settlement. Theoretically, surveys should be made in the above order, but this is not always practicable; and, furthermore, democracies are notoriously shortsighted. Twenty years of well-planned effort has brought the triangulation nets of the main scheme so near to completion that a total of about $30,000 further expenditure, spread over three years, would close the gaps, and little more would need to be done for many years. Except in the Peace River Block, cadastral surveys are generally well in advance of preemptions, and there are no extensive areas where further surveys would induce early settlement. The topographical surveys, on the other hand, should be steadily continued. -British Columbia has wasted many millions of dollars on projects which, it is safe to say, would never have been undertaken had there been complete advance knowledge of resources and traffic possibilities. For example, no major illusions are possible with respect to the country south of the Railway Belt and west of the Arrow Lake Divide, so completely covered and mapped by our photo-topographical survey; but many illusions, dangerous to the public treasury, do exist in the minds of the public, and possibly in some official minds, respecting other parts of the Province. If British Columbia is to develop on sane lines and is to avoid further costly errors like those referred to, the first necessity would seem to be an inventory of Provincial resources. The owner of a farm goes over his land before deciding where to concentrate his efforts, and the Province should do the same; but, as the area is so great, the only practicable way to present the facts is in the form of maps or in reports illustrated by maps. Altitude and slopes place definite limits to our agricultural areas; geological formations govern the occurrence of the various minerals; watershed areas and the drop therefrom limit power; while the potentialities of our forests are closely bound up with latitude, altitude, slopes, and drainage. Altitude and slope have a far more important bearing on economic development here than in any other Province of Canada, and maps without contour-lines tell only half the story. In nineteen years of experience and experiment, British Columbia has built up a small group of specialists in photo-topographical surveying, and now, with the co-operation of the Royal Canadian Air Force and the Topographical Survey of Canada, can make the necessary ground surveys and produce reliable topographical maps showing 100-foot contours, at a cost to the Province under $20 per square mile. With such maps, and the aerial and ground photographs on file, engineers of the Public Works Department could study alternative road and trail routes, and, with the aid of the stereoscope, work out approximate costs without leaving their office. Likewise, the accomplishments of the Geological Survey field men could be doubled and the work of our own Forest and Water Branches greatly facilitated. There are many other advantages both to the Government and to the people, and the cost is less than one-fifteenth of that of an ordinary ground survey. V 16 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1932. All projects recommended by the Survey Branch must pass the following tests: (1.) In the case of triangulation surveys, " Is this work necessary to supply a stable base for our maps of regions now under development, or with development imminent ?" (2.) In the case of topographical surveys, " Is this an area where complete information, with contours and photographs, is likely to aid early development of mineral, agricultural, timber, or power resources to an extent justifying this expenditure ? " (3.) In the case of cadastral surveys, " Is this land suited in quality and location for successful settlement, and is it likely to be taken up in the very near future ? " All such surveys have incidental scientific value, but it is recognized that British Columbia, with its great area and small population, must make early and substantial economic value the test of its projects for many years to come. The Cariboo placer area and Northerly Vancouver Island topographical mapping, now halted or retarded, are projects which will meet every test. This is shown by the recent Geological Survey remarks regarding gold prospects on Zeballos River, west coast of Vancouver Island, which our mapping programme induced them to examine, and also by recent developments in the Barkerville area. The Survey Branch has been urging an appropriation for the completion of the contour-mapping of the Quesnel-Barkerville area for three years, with the object of aiding in the search for ancient gold-bearing channels, etc. In order that all the services above mentioned may do their important work to the very best advantage, it is necessary that topographical mapping be at least one year ahead of them, and this calls for continuity of policy. The remaining triangulation and all topographical mapping of the quality advocated, if once done, would be done for ever, and British Columbia, being a young and rapidly developing country, must crowd an undue part of such work into a few years. Expenditure on this basic and permanent work could rightly be classed as capital expenditure and financed out of loans, as is done in other countries, thus easing the unfair load on current revenues. I am convinced, by observation and by the results secured, that in our photo-topographical staff we have an efficient working field force unsurpassed anywhere. They are giving us the best maps we have ever had at much the lowest cost yet reached in this difficult country. It costs about $36,000 per year to keep them and their survey crews working at full efficiency, but for this, assuming the continuation of the present co-operation of the Royal Canadian Air Force, we can add 2,000 square miles per annum to our contoured mapped areas and can do the work wherever the need is most urgent. It would be true economy to expand this type of work rather than to curtail it, even in the face of present financial difficulties. SURVEY REVENUE. From the very nature of the work there can be no direct revenue collections in connection with triangulation and topographical surveys. In the case of cadastral surveys a survey fee is collected on lands sold, but in very many cases this is merged with the land price and so does not show in the Public Accounts. Under the " Land Act," surveys of their lands are donated to pre-emptors. Since 1911 the revenue from survey fees, shown as such, has exceeded $237,000, while in the same period surveys to the value of over $893,000 were given to pre-emptors. The corresponding figures for 1932 are: Survey fees collected, $2,217; and cost of surveys donated to the 1,202 new pre-emptors, approximately $96,000. Expenditure in 1932 on all types of surveys was under $15,000. GENERAL REVIEW OF FIELD-WORK. No work was done on the triangulation nets. At the " Green Timbers," near New Westminster, a subdivision of 800 acres of logged-off lands into 5- and 10-acre lots was carried out by Walter Wilkie, B.C.L.S. Other than this, Government land-survey activities were confined to a few scattered lots and land-ties and a few minor subdivisions. The photo-topographical staff were all on short time, and their field-work was confined to the completion of some unfinished map-sheets on Northerly Vancouver Island. This field-work was in charge of A. J. Campbell, B.C.L.S., with G. J. .Tackson, B.C.L.S., in charge of an assisting party. Their detailed reports follow, and in his, Mr. Campbell describes the methods followed. REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR-GENERAL. V 17 OFFICE-WORK. The office staff is divided into two main sections—namely, the Survey Division and the Geographic Division. Reports compiled by F. O. Morris and by G. G. Aitken, who are respectively in charge of these Divisions, follow. During the year, one member of the photo-topographical staff resigned when put on very short time, one draughtsman was superannuated, while the two most recent appointees to the draughting staff were dismissed, for reasons of economy only. No new appointments were made. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, F. C. GREEN, Surveyor-General. V 18 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1932. APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. SURVEY DIVISION. This Division deals with the general correspondence, supplying survey information, the preparation of instructions for surveying, examining field returns, and plotting official plans, compiling departmental reference maps, clearing all applications, and other incidental work. During the past year 232 field-books were received, containing notes for 338 lots, and including thirteen books containing notes of traverses and triangulation control surveys made for the most part in 1931. The number of lots plotted and gazetted numbers 609; tracings of the plans of these lots were prepared and forwarded to the various Land Commissioners. Numerous surveys covering portions of reverted lands held under application were dealt with by this Division, as well as several subdivisions of Crown lands into small parcels. Miscellaneous tracings made total 95, while 821 tracings were made in duplicate for leases and Crown grants. A schedule of the various kinds of surveys examined, plotted, and gazetted during 1932 follows:— Acres, Purchase surveys 2,268 Mineral-claim surveys 2,520 Coal-licence surveys 1,288 Lease surveys 896 Government surveys 57,940 Total 64,912 Right-of-way Plans.—Plans of rights-of-way through Crown lands for railways, logging- railways, and power-transmission lines are examined and dealt with by this Division in connection with the applications of the companies for Crown grants or leases as may be required. Information supplied.—A charge to cover cost is made for the preparation of copies of field-notes, blue-prints, etc., required by surveyors, officials of other departments, and the general public. The total number of prints made was 21,380, valued at $7,121.73. Correspondence and Accounts.—During the year the Braneh received 5,807 letters and sent out 5,070, not including form letters and interdepartmental memoranda. Clearances.—During the year the Survey Division supplied to the Lands, Forest, and Water Branches clearances of their various applications. A graphical record is kept of all these clearances on the maps of the Branch. In many instances it is necessary in the clearing of a single application to connect numerous departmental records in order to ascertain that no other interests are affected. In addition, a check-up and revision of the list of the various Indian reserves was carried out. There are some 1,221 of these reserves throughout the Province, not including those in the former Dominion Railway Belt. An indication of the work involved in dealing with various matters covered by the work of this Branch is given by the number of plans and field-notes consulted. During the past year there were received from the vault for reference, and returned for filing, 28,558 documents of this description. Tables A and B attached hereto give a summary of the office-work and acreage dealt with by the Survey Division. Departmental Reference Maps.—In order to keep a proper graphic record of alienations and inquiries, reference maps, generally on the scale of 1 mile to 1 inch, and mineral reference maps on the scale of 1,500 feet to 1 inch, drawn on tracing-linen, are maintained by the Survey Division. There are now 177 reference maps and 59 mineral reference maps, making a total of 236 maps. The work of keeping these up to date—(1) by adding new survey information as it becomes available, and (2) by renewing same when worn out with constant use and handling in the blue-print machines—forms a considerable portion of the work of the Branch. During the year seven entirely new reference maps and five new mineral reference maps were prepared, while eight existing maps were redrawn. Tables C and D, attached hereto, give a list of these reference maps. APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. V 19 Table A.—Summary of Office-work for the Year 1932, Survey Division. Number of field-books received 232 „ lots gazetted and tracings forwarded to Government Agents 609 „ reference maps compiled 20 „ miles of right-of-way plans dealt with 127 applications for purchase cleared 172 applications for pre-emption cleared 1,304 „ applications for lease cleared 245 „ coal licences cleared 136 „ water licences cleared 77 ,, timber-sales cleared 1,126 „ free-use permits cleared 480 „ hand-loggers' licences cleared 85 „ Crown-grant applications cleared 717 ,, reverted-land clearances 1,308 „ cancellations made 1,417 „ inquiries cleared 1,898 „ letters received by Branch 5,807 „ Crown-grant and lease tracings made in duplicate 821 „ miscellaneous tracings made 95 blue-prints made 21,380 Revenue from sale of blue-prints and survey information $2,845.23 Approximate number of placer-mining leases plotted on maps 580 Number of documents consulted and filed in vault 28,558 Table B.—Showing Acreages op each Class of Surveys Gazetted each Year since 1900. Year. Preemptions. Purchase. Mineral Claims. Timber Limits. Coal licences. Leases. B.C. Govt. Surveys. Totals. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. 664 10,057 71,513 593 79,094 626 1,026 98,698 2,003 800 213,312 48.670 3,009 179 312,278 137,218 806 107 469,872 41,312 9,566 238,842 20,367 4,387 113,968 444,433 9,821 2,580 97,072 506,773 8,310 15,239 512,373 1,189,428 43,363 5,864 302,536 1,407,912 120,938 6,500 948,644 3,226,610 99,236 8,560 826,362 2,866,997 72,719 4,740 1,014,366 2,854,487 36,098 4,209 1,078,579 2,512,198 29,245 S41 705,170 1,320,520 10,983 5,145 124,953 474,767 2,843 2,960 111,256 414,417 953 2,342 60,311 309,090 160 1,495 77,121 262,996 22,143 3,227 63,505 463,348 4,423 11,884 127,797 409,360 2,520 3,094 98,841 154,486 4,480 2,790 147,927 221,805 7,561 1,437 33,860 100,374 320 2,273 23,402 36,192 10,437 2,641 29,393 52,718 5,411 8,477 37,996 f30,019 3,484 8,872 127,388 2,990 2,122 10,560 49,789 1,186 2,155 17,972 39,312 1,259 2,708 84,635 136,667 1,288 896 57,940 64,912 1900.. 1901- 1902.. 1903.. 1904.. 1905.. 1906.. 1907.. 1908.. 1909.. 3910.. 1911- 1912.. 1913- 1914.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1919.. 1920.. 1921.. 1922.. 1923- 1924.. 1925.. 1926.. 1927.. 1928- 1929.. 1930.. 1931- 1932.. Acres. 22,873 26,493 35,297 37,615 48,124 42,660 33,573 50,400 66,788 71,316 79,273 89,485 99,461 55,202 45,551 22,746 14,335 12,632 10,835 8,514 . 8,172 ' 3,078 1,268 991 1,180 Acres. 4,419 16,401 29,652 26,787 36,468 58,705 66,668 162,218 147,980 145,325 455,356 1,352,809 1,011,934 508,002 234,580 41,551 8,771 802 1,634 153 5,992 8,122 6,160 3,341 11,926 2,307 1,081 1,763 1,589 11,917 2,151 11,209 2,268 Acres. 33,441 33,400 31,057 18,115 20,549 15,535 9,894 10,017 14,607 10,744 12,499 21,325 16,645 18,043 7,546 8,339 7,677 8,386 9,247 10,264 12,580 6,290 4,637 9,175 11,382 4,750 9,166 15,695 16,253 20,210 14,630 5,630 2,520 Acres. 59 2,027 1,040 127,992 155,279 214,841 77,829 83,016 167,925 426,121 509,201 686,909 804,730 1,181,355 1,105,635 512,628 302,903 275,538 223,768 165,289 347,729 247,766 37,966 53,101 33,028 2,150 6,651 67,171 1,990 1,218 31,226 * Allotted to surveyed land. t Includes 28,548 acres surveyed as phosphate licences. 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Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol CO Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol CO CO Ol " HHHHHHHHHHHHEhEhHHHEhHHHHHHHehhHHHH GOO^CO^KjCOLrtCJOrHcj^OlO^t-OlrHCOCDrOrHC^lO^OIOcriCOCOOjtrtO rHrHOI rHrHrHrH rHrHrHrH to o»ooo CO CO GO O GO Ol Ol Ol CO OJ, H H H H Eh 1- CD CD o O Central Index. The registration of plans under a " quadrilateral" system which was inaugurated by this Department a few years ago has proved beyond a doubt to be the ideal system for the indexing of plans. Under this system all information relating to any part of the country can be located (without the possibility of any important data being overlooked) in the shortest possible time. Gazetteer. During the year a great number of revisions to the place-names of British Columbia and their locations were necessary through the receipt of new topographical and hydrographic surveys. In addition, about 950 new place-name cards were added to the card index. Geographical Work done for other Departments. Eleven orders (Provincial), with total cost, charged and received, .$383.19. Twenty-five orders (Provincial), co-operative, not charged, value $3,717.42. The establishing of permanent statistical publication areas in British Columbia for Dominion and Provincial administration requirements was advanced materially during the year by our work of preparing the necessary detailed descriptions of boundaries. Map-mounting. The following is a synopsis of the work accomplished in map-mounting for the year 1932:— Loose-leaf map-books—mounted maps in rexine covers 151 White, blue, and ozalid prints, joined and mounted, etc 1,426 Maps joined, mounted, and cut to fold, pocket size 462 Photostat prints fitted, joined, and mounted, etc 195 Official maps and charts repaired, mounted, etc 389 Field-books and miscellaneous books repaired, bound, etc 16 Photos, pictures, sketches, and painting mounted 168 Maps reinforced to hang with sticks 65 Work done, Receipts and Credits. Geographic and Survey Branches $1,089.42 Lands Department 361.14 Other departments 228.95 Public 98.00 $1,777.51 Map Stock and Distribution. Maps issued to departments and public 16,558 Gazetteers issued to departments and public 20 Maps received into Geographic stock— (1.) Provincial Government maps 13,000 (2.) Dominion Government and miscellaneous 878 13,878 Cash receipts for printed maps and Gazetteers $2,637.70 Credits (Lands Department) for printed maps and Gazetteers 651.90 Credits (Government Agents) for printed maps and Gazetteers 603.50 Value of printed maps and Gazetteers issued free to departments and public 1,332.40 „ . ... Photostat, 1932. Requisitions— Departments 441 Public 67 Charges— Departments $1,079.45 Public 11J Total ? / V 24 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1932. Letters received Year. . and attended to. 1928 1,796 1929 2,548 1930 1,787 1931 2,259 1932 2,407 Standard Base Map Staff. Standard Base Map Sheets produced. Type of Work. No. of Sheets. Vicinity of. Scale Area in Sq. Miles. 5 3 4 South Vancouver Island South Vancouver Island Quesnel 20 ch. to 1 in. 20 ch. to 1 in. 40 ch. to 1 in. 440 260 1,440 Lillooet Pre-emptors' Map. Chilcotin Pre-emptors' Map. Wall Map of B.C. Lower Fraser Valley. The South Vancouver Island sheets are being specially prepared in collaboration with the Department of National Defence and the Dominion Topographical Surveys Branch, Ottawa. The equivalent of one man's time for approximately three months was spent in writing and checking descriptions for Dominion and Provincial Electoral Districts, Polling Divisions, etc. Control nets were supplied as follows:— Geographic Printed Maps. Departmental Reference Maps, etc. North Thompson Pre-emptors' Map. Surveys Branch Reference Maps Nos. 6, 6b, 21, 21a, 38c, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96. Mineral Reference Maps. Forest Branch Departmental Maps. Water Rights Branch Departmental Maps. Hydrographic Survey of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada. Photo-topographical Surveys of A. J. Campbell and G. J. Jackson, B.C.L.S. Triangulation Computation and Adjustment. Least-square adjustments of the following triangulation control surveys were made during the year:— A. J. Campbell, B.C.L.S., season 1932, vicinity of Victoria Peak, Vancouver Island. G. J. Jackson, B.C.L.S., season 1932, vicinity of Victoria Peak, Vancouver Island. R. D. McCaw, B.C.L.S., season 1928, vicinity of Upper Arrow Lake. F. S. Clements, B.C.L.S., season 1929, vicinity of Upper Arrow Lake. E. R. Foster, B.C.L.S., season 1931, vicinity of Upper Skeena River. F. C. Swannell, B.C.L.S., season 1931, vicinity of Kitchener Lake. N. C. Stewart, B.C.L.S., season 1931, vicinity of Hydraulic. The above necessitated the adjustment of 242 triangles and 264 calculations for latitude, longitude, distance, azimuth, and reverse azimuth. In addition, the geographical positions of 80 secondary stations were computed. A start has been made to compile an alphabetical card-index system for triangulation stations ; for each station, a card to be made out giving the following information: Name, quad, index, locality, source, description, latitude and longitude, elevation, ties to cadastral surveys, file number, field-book and plan references. At the close of the year, 185 of these cards had been written, there being in all 2,039 triangulation stations entered in the registers. \ GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. eographic Division deals with the compilation and drawing of maps for lithographic the preparation of standard base maps and the calculations incidental thereto, adjustment, the distribution of maps, and all photostat and map-mounting work; and records of the Province. APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. V 25 The production for the year is outlined in the following schedules:— Published. Name. No. of Copies. Date of Issue. Dept. Map No. a„„i„ Area in bcale' Sq. Miles. Mineral Reference Map No. 6, Grand 3,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 April, 1932 May, 1932 June, 1932 Feb., 1932 M.E.M. 6 3J 3k lex 1 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 50 m. to 1 in. 800 North Thompson Pre-emptors' Map.-.. 9,000 11,700 Map of B.C., small, in one colour In Course of Preparation. Name. No. of Copies. Date of Issue. Dept. Map No. Scale. Area in Sq. Miles. Chilcotin Pre-emptors' Map 3f 3d 4c 4b 1A lH 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 1/1,000,000 or 15.78 m. to 1 in. 15.78 m. to 1 in. 9,000 11,000 3,100 3.100 New Wall Map of B.C., in four sheets. Northern B.C 4,000 4,000 June, 1933 May, 1933 372,630 160,000 The preparation of descriptions and maps pertaining to the Provincial Electoral Districts Redistribution, for the Legislative Assembly of 1932, necessitated much urgent work. Considerable staff time was employed to fulfil the requests of the " Economy Committee " for tables, display records, graphs, political boundaries, maps, etc. Subsequent to the 1932 Electoral Redistribution, considerable time was employed in preparing drafts of suggestions for a further Provincial Electoral Redistribution. Geographical Naming. The establishing of permanent geographical naming is an important part of the duties of the Geographic Branch and necessitates a considerable amount of correspondence and close study of old records, maps, charts, etc. During the year 1932 the following new map publications of British Columbia, submitted by Provincial Departments, and the Geological, Hydrographic, and Topographical Departments of the Dominion Government, were edited for permanent naming:— Name of Map. For whom prepared. 1. Salmo Map Area Dominion Government. 2. Shuswap Sheet Dominion Government. 3. Glacier Park Sheet Dominion Government. 4. Cranbrook Sheet Dominion Government. 5. Alice Arm Sheet Dominion Government. 6. Nimpkish Lake Sheet Dominion Government. 7. Woss Lake Sheet Dominion Government. 8. Barkley Sound Chart Dominion Government. 9. Toad and Musqua Rivers Map Dominion Government. 10. Garibaldi Park Map B.C. Government. 11. Lower Fraser River Map B.C. Government. 12. B.C. Wall Map B.C. Government. 13. Reference Maps (15) B.C. Government. 14. Mineral Reference Maps (5) B.C. Government. Map No. Year of Issue. Title of Map. Scale, Miles, etc. Per Copy. Per Dozen. lex IBM lo tlH 1933 1931 1930 1916 1932 1923 1923 1923 1923 1923 1923 1925 1929 1920 1914 1929 1923 1924 1927 1930 1926 1923 1922 1928 1921 1927 1931 1932 1932 1929 1924 1931 1927 i913 1925 1913 1914 1926 1921 1923 1926 1927 1930 1931 1916 1929 1929 1929 1930 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1932 1930 1928 1907 -S98 q Geographic Series— Wall Map of British Columbia. In four sheets. In course of printing1. Roads, trails, railways, etc. British Columbia. In one sheet. Showing Land Recording" Divisions Kootenay, Osoyoos, and Similkameen. Showing- Mining- Divisions Cariboo and adjacent Districts. Showing- Land Recording Divisions 1:1,000,000 15.78 m. to 1 in. 50 m. to 1 in. 7.89 m. to 1 in. 7.89 m. tol in. 1:1,000,000 15.78 m. tol in. 31.56 m. to 1 in. 31.56 m. to 1 in. 31.56 m. to 1 in. 31.56 m. to 1 in. 31.56 m. to 1 in. 31.56 m. to 1 in. 7.89 m. to lin. 15.78 m. to 1 in. 4 m. to 1 in. 4 m. to 1 in. 4 m. to 1 in. 4 m. to 1 in. 4 m. to 1 in. 4 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 4 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 3 m. to 1 in. 4 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 rn. to 1 in. 2 in, to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 2 m. to 1 in. 5 m. to 1 in. \ m. to 1 in. \ m. to 1 in. 5 m. to 1 in. $1.50 Free .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .75 .75 .75 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 in o ri <u> "-3 . 11°. lav v B'« <o co to 11 °l .50 .50 "25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .50 .25 .50 .50 .50 2.00 .50 .60 .50 .50 .50 .60 .85 Free .10 .10 .10 J14.00 1.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 lJCA British Columbia. In one sheet. Showing rivers, railways, main roads, trails, parks, distance charts, etc., 4.00 lJC ditto ditto and Land Recording Divisions. 4.00 4.00 LIE trail J.TGC IK 1L ditto ditto and Assessment Districts ditto ditto and Land Registry Districts... South Western Districts of B.C., Commercial and Visitors. (Economic Tables, etc., 1929.) 6.00 6.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 2a 2b Land Series— 4.00 4.00 2c 4.00 2d 4.00 2e 4.00 2f 3a Queen Charlotte Islands, Economic Geography (preliminary) Pre-emptors' Series— 4.00 2.00 3b 2.00 3c 2.00 3d Bulkley Valley 2.00 3e 3f 2.00 2.00 3g 2.00 SH 2.00 3j 3k 2.00 2.00 3m 2.00 3p 2.00 3q 4a Degree Series— 2.00 4.00 t4B 4.00 t4c 4d 2.00 2.00 4f 4g 2.00 2.00 4h 2.00 4j 4.00 4k 4.00 4l 4.00 4m 4.00 4.00 4p 5a 5b 5c Lower Fraser Valley (preliminarj') Topographical Series— Howe Sound-Burrard Inlet (contoured), South sheet (special) ... H n ir North sheet (special) ... Mineral Reference Maps—Printed. 4.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1 m. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. 1 m. to 1 in. ] m. to 1 in. 20 m. to 1 in. 50 m. to 1 in. 10 m. to 1 in. 6,000 ft. to 1 in. lm. tol in. 4.00 MR.M2 4.00 4.00 MUM 4 4.00 4.00 4.00 PWD Miscellaneous— 2.50 On app. .50 .50 .50 "rnpilation. lisunderstanding, applicants for maps are requested to state the " Map Number" of map desired, i of maps of British Columbia printed and published at Ottawa, by the Canadian Geological Survey, also b of the Interior, etc., etc. Inquiries for printed maps—Address:— Chief Geographer, Department of Lands, Victoria, B.C. PHOTO-TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, VANCOUVER ISLAND. V 27 PHOTO TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, VANCOUVER ISLAND. By Alan J. Campbell. Victoria, B.C., January 9th, 1933. F. C. Green, Esq., Surveyor-General, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the following report upon the photo-topographical surveys carried out by me, under your instructions, during the past season:— Your instructions, dated June 20th, 1932, described the area to be surveyed as Map-sheet No. 92 L/l, 92 L/2, and 92 L/8, Carte du monde au millionieme. This area includes the Adams River basin and the headwaters of the Nimpkish and AVhite Rivers on Vancouver Island. Also, to complete Sheet 92 L/2, which had been partially covered in 1931, the Tasis and Zeballos Valleys were included. Our main object was to secure sufficient information to complete these sheets. We were to continue the method, developed last year, of combining our triangulation and photo-topographical work with the aerial views covering the area. A brief synopsis of the method follows. The main stations are plotted by triangulation and are tied with the geodetic net along the coast. The camera stations are plotted by calculation or by resection. Altitudes of all stations are obtained by calculation from vertical angles and, as has been the general procedure in photo-topographical mapping, the traces of all the ground views are plotted. Now comes the first variation from the usual procedure, and one of the principal reasons for getting the ground pictures as an aid to the plotting of vertical aerial views. It is necessary to have considerable ground control to plot the aerial pictures accurately in position on the map, and this control is obtained by plotting points from the ground views. These points are very carefully identified on both aerial and ground pictures, and only those chosen which can be located on two or more ground views and which give good intersections. Also triangulation stations and cameral stations, where possible, are identified on the aerial views and used as control. Once having the strips or flights of the aerial pictures plotted on the map, we are ready to proceed with the building of the contours and other physical features. An unlimited number of points can now be plotted from the aerial strips, but the requirements are for only a sufficient number to establish vertical control on each aerial picture. Also the points so chosen must be identifiable on the ground views, so as to obtain their altitude and hence give the vertical control. Having sufficient vertical control, it is possible, under the stereoscope, to draw contours directly on the aerial views; these can then be taken off, each contour with its proper reduction, and placed on the map. It will be conceded that the shore of a lake can be reduced directly from a vertical aerial picture and that the amount of such reduction is directly dependent on the altitude of the lake. A contour, if correctly drawn, on such picture can be treated in the same way. Due to the difficulties of transportation in the country we were instructed to cover, and to its somewhat widespread area, it was decided that better progx'ess would be made if, instead of one party of eight or nine men with two sets of instruments, two small parties of four or five men were sent out. Accordingly a party of four men, with G. J. Jackson, B.C.L.S., in charge, was organized; its particular areas being the incompleted portions of Map-sheet 92 L/2 and the northern part of Sheet 92 L/8. These are fairly close-to the west and east coasts of the island, so the problem of transportation was solved by the use of boats. This left Map-sheet 92 L/l and the southern part of Sheet 92 L/8 for the other party which was organized at the same time, with the writer in charge. As this area lies well in the centre of the island, and no means of transport other than man-power possible, it was decided, in the interests of economy and efficiency, to place the party and the season's supplies on Shoen Lake by aeroplane. This lake lies in a very central position, and, by having a full season's supplies there, the man-packing necessary to reach all parts was reduced to a minimum. As a further aid, a load of supplies was deposited by the aeroplane on Vernon Lake, located in the south-west corner of the area. We were thus enabled to take advantage of the good weather, and when it is considered that the work is entirely triangulation and photographic, this is a vital point. During the past season it was particularly necessary, as, out of 120 days in the field, seventy-five were not fit for photographic work. Of the remaining forty-five, very few were not utilized to the full. Unfortunately, it is not possible to always be in position to occupy stations on the available clays of V 28 REPORT OP MINISTER OP LANDS, 1932. good weather. Some thirty-three camera stations were occupied during the season and twenty- eight dozen views were exposed, also several ties to land-survey posts were made. On the whole, there was very little time lost owing to the bad weather, as there was much trail-cutting and considerable man-packing necessary to keep the party supplied when away from Shoen Lake. A feature of the mountainous sections of Vancouver Island is that there are few continuous ranges such as are found in the interior of British Columbia. The most pretentious range in our district is the one running south from Shoen Lake. It has one or two peaks of more than 6,000 feet altitude and several over the 5,000-foot mark. It is continuous, with no low breaks, beyond the southerly limits of the area, where it trails off to low timbered hills towards Muchalat Lake. North of Shoen Lake a rough and jagged rocky range reaches to the Eve River Valley, some of the peaks reaching nearly to 6,000 feet. Beyond Eve River to the north we have the Palmerston Range to the shores of Johnstone Strait. West of this range and south of Eve River, long rolling timbered slopes fall to the valleys of the Tsitika River on the north and to the Nimpkish River farther south, the latter broken by the valley of Davie Creek draining Shoen Lake into the Nimpkish. Easterly from this range, smaller ranges of hills of diminishing altitude run out between the different valleys or branches of Adams River. A similar range lies between Adams River and White River Valleys, with bare rocky summits at southerly end tapering off to low rolling timber-covered hills, and then rising to slightly higher hills adjoining Johnstone Strait. Victoria Peak, which is believed to be the highest mountain on Vancouver Island, and has an altitude of 7,095 feet above sea-level, is the culminating point of a mountain- mass lying in the south-easterly corner of the area. Passes between the low valleys of the White River and its branches to the north of the mountain, and the Gold River to the south, entirely separate it from the surrounding hills. There are many small lakes scattered throughout the district. The three largest, Vernon, Shoen, and Klaklakama Lakes, are considerably bigger than any of the others. Vernon Lake, altitude 675 feet, is a fine lake about 41/, miles in length, surrounded by timbered hills, fairly steep slopes on the west rising eventually to rocky summits. A low timbered ridge, not more than 2,000 feet above the lake, separates it from the Nimpkish Valley to the east. Shoen Lake has an altitude of 1,320 feet and is about 3% miles long. It is almost entirely surrounded by very steep and rocky slopes rising to high rocky mountains. Its waters drain by the Davie River into the Nimpkish. Klaklakama Lake is on a tributary of the Davie River, about 8 miles below Shoen Lake. Its altitude is 960 feet and it is entirely surrounded by low timbered hills; those on the east running back to the high rocky range, but on the west rising not more than 1,500 feet above the lake to a timbered ridge separating it from the Nimpkish. An unusual feature of this lake is that at certain stages of water there is a wide shore or beach all the way around. The whole country, where altitude permits, is heavily timbered. Hemlock is the predominant species and found everywhere. Fir is found in several parts, particularly in the Davie, Nimpkish, and White River Valleys. Fine stands of fir and cedar were noted on the slopes to the east of Klaklakama Lakes and Vernon Lake. Much red cedar is also found and, scattered over the whole area, considerable yellow cedar was noted. It is unquestionably a well-timbered area. Evidences of mineral were found in many parts, particularly to the east of the central range, south from Shoen Lake. Some samples of ore were brought out by a member of the party and assayed, giving results to 12 per cent, of copper, a little silver, and a trace of gold. These samples were taken from rock cut by a small stream, with surface indications of a considerable body of the ore. Similar indications were noted at other points. It is reported that some claims were staked in this vicinity later in the year, and it seems probable that, with further exploration, discoveries of considerable value may be made. At a prospect about 20 miles up the Adams River diamond-drill tests were made five or six years ago, but no further development has taken place. Very little land suitable for agriculture was noted. It could be described as land of practically no agricultural possibilities, though certain small parcels along the stream-bottoms, once the timber is removed, undoubtedly could be cultivated. The largest of such pieces lie along the Nimpkish Valley and along the Davie Valley up to Klaklakama Lake. Some meadow land was encountered near the headwaters of two branches of the Adams River. The largest of these is covered by the Lots 1336 to 1340. ' ■- .'■■ ' ■■;■'■'"■ PHOTO-TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, VANCOUVER ISLAND. Some elk, deer, and bear were seen, but are not numerous. From signs noted it would appear that elk are fairly plentiful at some periods. The deer seem to congregate closer to settled parts and logged areas. Some grouse were seen and ptarmigan found on the higher slopes. Trout are quite plentiful in the lakes and streams, particularly in Vernon and Shoen Lakes. Hundreds of small trout, 3 and 4 inches in length, are to be seen at the outlet of Shoen Lake. Salmon come up the Nimpkish to spawn in the lakes. Many were seen on Vernon Lake. During the season, in different directions from Shoen Lake, some 40 miles of trail were cut. In a south-easterly direction, and passing over two low divides in its course, a trail of 13 miles was located to reach the White River and Victoria Peak. From the west end of Shoen Lake an almost obliterated trail was cut out down the Davie to Klaklakama Lake and a trail located over a low part of the ridge from that lake to the Nimpkish Valley. A comparatively new trail was found along the Nimpkish River up to its junction with the Maquilla. Another trail was cut from the east end of Shoen Lake to and down the Adams River for 13 miles to the mine prospect mentioned before. From here a well-cut-out and graded trail connects with the Salmon River Road at the bridge over the White River. Other trails, principally trappers', are found on the White River, the Adams River, and also up the Tsitika River. Sufficient information was gathered to map the whole area. It is admitted that the northeast part of Sheet 92 L/8 is not covered very satisfactorily, but with the aid of other information it can be mapped. Undoubtedly, if the season had been more favourable for the work, the whole area of, roughly, 900 square miles could have been covered very satisfactorily with less time in the field. I have, etc., Alan J. Campbell, B.C.L.S. PHOTO TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, VANCOUVER ISLAND. By G. J. Jackson. Victoria, B.C., January 10th, 1933. F. C. Green, Esq., Surveyor-General, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—I have the honour to submit the following report on the photo-topographic survey made by me during the past summer:— The area covered is on Vancouver Island and is a continuation of the work done by A. J. Campbell and me during the summer of 1931. During the first part of the season the work was continued southward to the west coast and included the watersheds of the Espinosa, Zeballos, and Tasis Rivers. During the latter part of the summer we were on the east coast of the island and continued the work eastward to include the Tsitika and Adams Rivers. The area has all been covered by vertical aerial views taken by the Royal Canadian Air Force. Our instructions were to occupy, and to take horizontal views from sufficient stations to furnish ground control for the vertical views, and to obtain elevations sufficient to make a topographical map, combining the two systems of views. The party of four was organized in Victoria and left on the C.P.R. " S.S. Princess Norah " on June 21st, arriving at Ceepeecee on the 24th. Here arrangements were made for getting supplies and mail while on the west coast. On the 24th we went by launch to the head of Espinosa Arm, where work was commenced. We occupied four stations on the Espinosa River— two near the mouth and two near the head. On July 7th we moved by launch to the head of the Zeballos Arm. Along this river eleven stations were occupied. On August 16th we moved to the head of Tasis Arm and occupied five stations along the Tasis River, thus completing the work on the west coast. On September 14th we boarded the " S.S. Norah" at Ceepeecee and went north to Coal Harbour. From here we crossed the island by car to Port Hardy. From this point we moved south by launch to our work on the east coast of the island near Adams River, arriving on September 16th. Here we occupied ten stations between Tsitika and Adams River and hoped to do stations up the Adams and to the east of it. The weather was unfavourable, and though we waited until October 22nd we were unable to complete these stations. The weather was very poor for our work—the wettest season for many years. During the 120 days in the field there were seventy-five days of rain and fog, during which stations could not be occupied. During the season twenty-three dozen plates were exposed and thirty-two photographic stations and one triangulation station were occupied. The valleys of the Espinosa, Zeballos, and Tasis Rivers lie north and south, all rivers flowing south into the inlets on the west coast. They are surrounded by mountains reaching above timber-line. On the west side of each valley the hills are much steeper and closer to the rivers than on the east side, where large creeks extend back into the hills for several miles. The Espinosa River is small and only 4 or 5 miles in length. Most of the water comes from a large creek that enters about 1 mile from the mouth. The main river-bed is usually dry above this creek. The valley is narrow, with no land suitable for agriculture. It is thickly timbered, mostly with hemlock and balsam, but there is some cedar, fir, and spruce. The underbrush is dense. There is nobody living in this valley and we found no trail up it, so cut one out for about 3 miles. The Zeballos River is quite large and drains a considerable area. About 6 miles up it divides into the North and East Forks, both about 10 miles long. The river has a grade of less than 1 per cent, up to the forks, but is steeper above there. There is a small canyon in the river about half a mile from the mouth. The valley is well timbered, and from the mouth to the forks, and for some distance up the East Fork, is taken up by timber limits. The timber is hemlock, balsam, cedar, and fir to the forks, with no fir above there. There are a number of small flats of fairly good land along the river. There is a good pack-trail up the west side of the river to the forks and a rough trail for some distance up each fork. Two prospectors live on this river and have cabins at the mouth and at the forks. There is another cabin, about 2 miles up from the mouth, at a prospect. The Tasis River drains quite a large area. This river also divides about 6 miles up. The North Fork is less than 3 miles long, while the East Fork drains a big basin to the east. The mountains around the headwaters are particularly rugged. On the west a fine range 6 or 7 miles long, and reaching an elevation of over 6,000 feet, with some snow-fields on the north side, extends westward. This is known as Rugged Mountain. There is also some very rough country and there are several high peaks up the East Fork. The grade of this river up to the forks is about 1 per cent., but it is steeper above. There is a fair trail up to the forks and up the North Fork through the pass to Woss Lake. The pass is about 2,000 feet elevation. One prospector lives on this river and has a cabin at the beach and another about 4 miles up the river. The valley is narrow, with no agricultural land, but is well timbered with hemlock, balsam, cedar, and fir. Ceepeecee is the most central place to disembark from the steamer to reach these valleys. This is a fish-reduction plant, where oil and fish-meal are manufactured. There is a store, post- office, gas-station, and wireless at this place. A C.P.R. boat calls here every ten days, and for a while during the summer there was one every five days. From here it is 20 miles by boat to the head of Espinosa Arm, 12 miles to the Zeballos, and 6 miles to the Tasis. The trip up the west coast by boat is deservedly very popular in the tourist season. In good weather it is a very . pleasant six-day voyage, the schedule being arranged so that all points of interest and the choicest scenery are passed in daylight. The area is very promising from a mining point of view, particularly in the Zeballos, and a number of claims have been staked here, also on the Little Zeballos and on the Tasis. On the Zeballos, about 2 miles from the mouth, a crew of men was opening up a prospect during the summer and packed picked ore to the beach for shipment. This ore ran high in gold values, and it is announced in the papers that work is continuing there this winter. Several men were prospecting along the valley during the summer. Rough gold has been found in the river, but not in any appreciable quantity. Dr. Gunning, of the Geological Survey of Canada, examined this area during the summer and, by reports, was very favourably impressed with it. His official report will be out soon and will no doubt contain valuable information for any prospectors intending to go into this country. Game was very scarce. A few elk and tracks of others were seen. At one time they were very plentiful in this area, but, although protected by law, they seem to be getting scarcer each year. Up to three or four years ago there were large numbers of deer, but now they seem to PHOTO-TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, VANCOUVER ISLAND. V 31 have almost disappeared; none were seen and very few tracks were in evidence. A few black bear were seen in the valleys and along the inlets. Grouse were scarce, although there were a few willow-grouse in the valleys and ptarmigan on the higher peaks. Ducks and geese are in the inlets in the fall and winter. There are quite a few cougar and an occasional wolf. These probably account for the scarcity of elk and deer. The chief fur-bearing animals are marten, mink, racoon, and beaver, but these are not. numerous. There is fair trout-fishing in the Zeballos River, but none in the Espinosa or the Tasis. Salmon run up all the streams in season. EAST COAST. To the east of the Tsitika River and between it and Adams River there are several small mountain streams flowing north into Johnstone Strait. There is also a high range of mountains; the highest peak is Palmerston Mountain, 5,783 feet high, on which is situated the triangulation station of the same name. These creek-valleys are very narrow, but well wooded. The good timber is taken up by timber limits. Adams River is large and drains a big area. About 2 miles from the mouth it is joined from the west by Eve River. The valley is narrow to the west of these rivers, soon rising to high mountain ranges. The east side is wide and is a series of rolling hills right through to the Salmon River Valley, with the exception of a high range near the salt water, to the west of the Salmon River. The valley is well timbered with hemlock, balsam, cedar, and fir, and some spruce. This is all taken up by timber limits. There is, I was told, a good trail up this river. There is no settlement on the river, the nearest being at Cracroft, on Cracroft Island, and at Port Neville, on the Mainland. Kelsey Bay, at the mouth of the Salmon River, is about 20 miles to the east, on Vancouver Island. The work on the maps is now in progress and the usual plans are being prepared. I have, etc., G. J. Jackson, B.C.L.S. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Charles F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1933. 800-233-2305
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PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LANDS AND SURVEY BRANCHES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LANDS… British Columbia. Legislative Assembly [1933]
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Title | PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LANDS AND SURVEY BRANCHES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LANDS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST, 1932 HON. S. LOUGHEED, MINISTER OF LANDS |
Alternate Title | REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1932. |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1933] |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1933_22_V1_V31 |
Collection |
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2016 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0305099 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
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