PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS HON. N. S. LOUGHEED, Minister H. Cathcart, Deputy Minister - P. Z. Caverhill, Chief Forester REPORT THE FOBEST BEANCH TEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST 1931 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by Charles F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1932. Victoria, B.C., February 25th, 1932. To His Honour J. W. Fordham Johnson, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia. May it please Your Honour : Herewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Forest Branch of the Department of Lands for the year 1931. X. S. LOUGHEED, Minister of Lands. The Hon. N. S. Lougheed, Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C. Sir,—There is submitted herewith the Annual Report on activities of the Branch during the calendar year 1931. P. Z. CAArERHILL, Chief Forester. - h o cc r- (S) D h tr u o. OC UI u Z E Q. It 0 en UI U CC o CD U tr ui cr E ■■ sn ^"TvuninnDibov REPORT OF THE FOREST BRANCH. The world-wide depression experienced throughout the year is reflected in the statistics of the forest industries and in the revenues of the Forest Branch. This condition is not peculiar to British Columbia, but a corresponding condition is found in all the major timber-producing regions of the world. The cut within the Province shows a decline from 2,663,752 M.B.M. to 1,948,404 M.B.M. The price obtaining for sawmill products was the lowest since 1915, and the total value of the industry was less than half what accrued in 1929, being only $44,447,000. The revenue received by the Branch showed a less drastic reduction, being $2,576,343, as against $3,436,071 in 1929. Economy of expenditures was the watchword in the Branch and considerable savings are being made in the moneys voted for the fiscal year. At the same time, an active programme of constructive work, including forest surveys, research, and reforestation, was undertaken and carried out. Trade-extension work was expanded by sending Mr. L. L. Brown to England in an effort to mitigate the effects of the depression on lumber trade. That this work has been effective is shown by the fact that we received from Australia orders for mining timber amounting to 12,000,000 feet. This was new business and would return to the Province in stumpage and royalty as much as was spent on the Australian market work. Moreover, it would return about $96,000 in wages and remove a hundred men from the ranks of the unemployed for a period of a year ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL. Owing to the taking-over of the Railway Belt lands, a reorganization of the staff was necessary. At the beginning of the season increases were made in the Kamloops staff in order that they could take over work formerly done by the Dominion. The number and rank of the staff employed is shown by the following table:— Distribution of Force, 1931. Permanent. Temporary. *© g ■ri ■ Tj O fl tfi 13 a ri T3 c a ri CD o ta Ui w" ri -fl O* e ri T3 a ri o ri ri B? ri Forest District. £ ru •& o tf g; 9 <4> 9 c O 1 3 vn n B d cd go a 0 S o . O.J2 (H c tu ri 6*a 3 09 Xi< 9 QJ M O rH o w p 9 *ri ta "o 05 .2 c E J ft"w r- tn 02<! ri +3 w «3 T3 c ri u 9 73 o CO <! o qf'3 &■§ o a fc B? O -r. PCS o 03 ^ a6* to—- c « aj bo * o3 CM - o o 03 "K Si P c l| 9 fl oi fl 9 B to a ft s- 0J -fl ri & O 3 2 M So of C ^ ® OJ ™ O OJ C o -fl ft OJ "a* H 9 *0J b S to 0J 6* a s _w '53 65 4^ O -id o o J . fl" §3 O «J ri-~ T3 fl O .fl G ri fl ft ri a) JP3 DC ft a o Q K OJ f* u ri 73 1 1 4 y 7 6 ?,i 1 1 1 8 7 18 29 65 1 1 1 « 10 13 38 1 2 2 1 8 8 7 11 1 1 2 4 17 1 13 27 66 132 Vancouver 1 3 30 3 1 4 ia 1 25 25 40 12 163 4 l ■2 2 1 12 2 8 34 40 102 2 Totals 4 l 6 6 32 22 3 30 63 10 93 94 165 17 40 568 Later, in order to further economize, the Cariboo District was split between Kamloops and Prince George and the following positions eliminated : Three Supervising Officials, two Technical Assistants, nine Rangers, seven Scalers, sixteen Clerks and others. PROVINCIAL FORESTS. A forest survey was commenced of the National Forests in the Railway Belt, which were transferred to the Province last year, in order to ascertain their comparative economic forest value and to provide a basis for continuation or reduction of the expense involved in their administration as Provincial Forests. Field-work was completed on seven of these Forests—Nicola Forest, Long Lake Forest, Tranquille Forest, Niskonlith Forest, Monte Hills Forest, Martin Mountain Forest, and Fly Hill Forest. Maps are being made and estimates of standing timber and yield are being compiled. V 6 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. The policy of making an economic forest survey of areas which are to be devoted to the perpetual production of timber is of great importance in forest administration. Not only is it an essential preliminary to any plan designed to provide for the future supply of wood for timber industries, but also it is the only means of obtaining information on which to base economy in the expenditure of money on fire-prevention and lire-fighting, which together constitute the greatest item in forest administration expenditure in British Columbia at the present time. The Long Lake Forest is situated south-west of Kamloops in the Dry Belt. Although the following classification shows that a large proportion of it is capable of producing commercial timber, the quality of the timber produced is low. The forest is partly uneven-aged fir, with very little yellow pine, and partly lodgepole-pine stands of all ages which have come in as a result of fire. The fir is rough and pitchy, chiefly suitable for railway-ties or rough lumber for local use. It supplies fuel-wood for the Kamloops market and could produce large quantities of turpentine, but at a greater cost than prevailing in the naval stores industry of the Southern States. The lodgepole pine is of the lowest commercial quality and suitable only for pulp-wood, for which there is little likelihood of an accessible market for many years to come. The older stands are badly infested with bark-beetles. The Forest is of doubtful value at present as a timber-producing area. It was reserved by the Dominion Government chiefly on account of its value for watershed protection. The Dominion Forest Service spent considerable sums of money on the protection and improvement of the area and in the development of the Lake Le Jeune Summer Resort, which is within the boundaries of this Forest. Area capable of producing Low-grade Timber— Mature timber— Acres. Acres. Uneven-aged fir 60,160 Even-aged lodgepole pine 14,420 74,580 Immature timber— 1-20 years old .' 1,580 21-40 years old 7,110 41-60 years old 48,770 81-100 years old 4,110 Uneven-aged 1,400 62,970 Burns not yet reforested 1,920 Beetle-killed and non-commercial cover 20,810 22,730 Total sites of productive, quality 160,280 Incapable of producing Commercial Timber— Rough sites producing scrub only i 5,700 Swamp and water 5,300 Total non-productive sites 11,000 The standing timber was estimated as follows, to minimum diameter breast-high for yellow pine, 17 inches; fir, 11 inches; pulp-wood, all species, 7 inches :— Species. Crown. Alienated. Total. Saw-timber— M.B.M. 61,200 200 M.B.M. 29,600 800 M.B.M. 90,800 1,000 61,400 30,400 91,800 Fuel-wood—■ Cords. 396,500 39,300 2,500 Cords. 73,300 Cords. 469,800 39,300 2,500 438,300 73,300 511,600 Pulp-wood—■ Cords. 211,600 38,600 1,200 Cords. Cords. 211,600 38,600 1,200 Silver fir (balsam) 251,400 251,400 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 7 There is no utilization at present other than the cutting of fuel; the low quality of timber and distance from market make any considerable production unlikely for many years. The Forest could provide a sustained annual yield of 1,000,000 board-feet of saw-timber, 5,700 cords of fuel-wood, and 10,000 cords of pulp-wood. The low productive value of this Forest makes reforestation inadvisable, and more than ordinary protection is not deemed advisable. The Nicola Forest lies to the west of the Long Lake Forest and south-west of kamloops. Total area, 375,000 acres. The Forest is divided into two blocks by the meadows and grass land of Highland Valley. The north block, total area 157,740 acres, is in general characteristics similar to Long Lake Forest and is classified as follows:—• Area capable of producing Low-grade Timber— Mature timber— Acres. Acres. Alienated : 1,680 On vacant Crown land 51,330 53,010 Immature timber— 1-20 years old 2,140 21-40 years old : 2,540 41-60 years old 67,810 61-80 years old 4,520 Uneven-aged 70 77,080 Burns not reforested 530 Beetle-killed and non-commercial cover 9,050 Total sites of productive qualify 139,670 Area incapable of producing Commercial Timber— Scrub-covered and swamp lands 18,070 The timber is estimated as follows:— Species. Crown. Alienated. Total. Saw-timber— M.B.M. 64,800 1,400 600 M.B.M. 1,500 M.B.M. 66,300 1,400 600 66,800 1,500 68,300 Fuel-wood— Cords. 210,500 6,200 Cords. 16,300 Cords. 226,800 6,200 Total fuel-wood 216,700 16,300 233,000 Pulp-wood— Cords. 73,400 6,100 1,500 Cords. Cords. 73,400 6,100 1,500 81,000 81,000 At present there is no utilization other than the cutting of fuel. The uneven-aged fir stands could support a sustained annual yield of 760,000 F.B.M. of saw-timber and 2,500 cords of fuel- wood. The lodgepole-pine stands are of low quality, being site qualities 45 to 50, almost the lowest which will produce timber of commercial size even for pulp, with very few trees large enough for ties. Cutting to a minimum 7-inch D.B.H. a sustained yield of 10,500 cords per annum could be produced after regulation, but as 85 per cent, of the lodgepole-pine area is of one age-class, a sustained yield plan could not be applied to this Forest for many years, nor indeed is there any likelihood of a market for this class of product developing earlier. The preponderance of the 41-60 years old age-class is common to Interior lodgepole pine and is due to the extensive fires which raged at that period coincident with early settlement. A conclusion V 8 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. similar to that reached with regard to the Long Lake Forest applies to the north block of the Nicola Forest—namely, that intensive fire protection is not justified by the forest values, but general plans for protection of watershed and other interests should be carried out. The south block of the Nicola Forest has an area of 217,400 acres, classified as follows:— Area capable of producing Commercial Timber— Mature timber— Acres. Acres. Yellow-pine and fir types 73,310 Lodgepole-pine type 3,890 77,200 Immature timber— 1-20 years old 5,220 21-40 years old 24,030 41-60 years old 38,900 61-80 years old 26,110 81-100 years old 2,750 Uneven-aged 370 97,380 Burns not yet reforested 5,860 Beetle-killed and non-commercial cover 15,710 21,570 Total sites of productive quality 196,150 Area incapable of producing Commercial Timber— Barren and scrub-covered lands 21,250 The mature timber is estimated as follows, saw-timber to a minimum D.B.H. of 17 inches for yellow pine; fir, 11 inches; pulp-wood, 7 inches :— Species. Crown. Alienated. Total. Saw-timber— Douglas fir Yellow pine Spruce Total saw-timber Fuel-wood— Douglas fir Yellow pine Total fuel-wood.. Pulp-wood— Lodgepole pine Spruce : Silver fir (balsam) Total pulp-wood. M.B.M. 99,200 66,400 1,400 167,000 Cords. 177,500 26,100 203,000 Cords. 80,400 9,000 300 89,700 M.B.M. 3,000 3,700 6,700 Cords. 200 200 400 Cords. M.B.M. 102,200 70,100 1,400 173,700 Cords. 177,700 26.300 204,000 Cords. 80,400 9,000 300 89,700 The timber is of better quality than that on the north block of this Forest. With regulated selective cutting of the fir and yellow pine, the area could produce a sustained annual yield of 2,100,000 board-feet of sawlogs and 2,400 cords of fuel. The timber is accessible and the area has been and is being logged for sawmills at Merritt, portable mills cutting rough lumber and ties, and for fuel. The pulp-wood stands, producing 90 per cent, lodgepole pine, have a low site quality, but would yield 13,000 cords annually after regulation. The uneven distribution of age- classes reduces this to 11,000 cords for immediate operation. The south block of the Nicola Forest, unlike the north block, has sufficient commercial forest value to justify its administration for timber production. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 9 The Tranquille Forest is situated north-west of Kamloops and covers 188,800 acres. It was classified as follows :— Area capable of producing Commercial Timber— Mature timber— Acres. Acres. Alienated ■ 720 On vacant Crown land 71.220 71,940 Immature timber— 1-20 years old 12,300 21-40 years old 1,170 41-60 years old 47,890 61-80 years old 1 3,070 Uneven-aged 9,390 73,820 Burned, not reforested 190 Non-commercial cover , 26,400 26,590 Total sites of productive quality 172,350 Incapable of producing Commercial Timber— Alpine and scrub-covered land 11,880 Grass 3,380 Water '. 1,190 Total non-productive sites 16,450 The mature timber is estimated as follows to a minimum D.B.H. of 11 inches:— Species. Crown. Alienated. Total. Douglas fir Spruce Silver fir (balsam) Lodgepole pine Yellow pine Totals M.B.M. 225,500 119,800 22,300 13,500 12,600 393,700 M.B.M. 2,100 600 2,700 M.B.M. 227,600 119,800 22,300 13,500 13,200 396,400 Included in the above are fir-trees suitable for the production of 1,400,000 hewn ties and spruce stands with 450,000 cords of pulp-wood, 70 per cent, spruce. There is no immediate market for this timber, but it is a valuable reserve for the time when more accessible stands have been cut. With selective logging in the uneven-aged types, 58,200 acres, and a rotation of 120 years in the even-aged pulp types, 87,500 acres, this Forest could support a sustained annual yield of 3,210,000 F.B.M. saw-timber and ties and 8,500 cords of pulp-wood, increasing to 9,500 cords as the age-classes become more evenly distributed. The Tranquille Forest has a much higher productive capacity than the Forests on the south side of the Thompson Valley; its upland or plateau types, where lodgepole pine has intruded to a considerable extent, have an average site quality of 60 for that species as compared with 45 in the Long Lake and North Nicola Forests. Estimates and reports on the Niskonlith, Monte Hills, Martin Mountain, and Fly Hill Forests are in course of preparation. A survey was made of the Morice Forest, which covers the drainage-basin of the Lower Morice River in the Prince Rupert District. V 10 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Area capable of producing Commercial Timber— Mature timber— Acres. Acres. Accessible 66,210 Inaccessible 16,340 82,550 Immature timber— 1-20 years old S00 21-40 years old 25,950 41-60 years old : 26,970 61-80 years old 51,450 81-100 years old 34,990 140,160 Burned, not yet-reforested 4,420 Non-commercial cover 110,300 114,720 Total sites of productive quality 337,430 Incapable of producing Commercial Timber— Alpine and scrub sites 218.650 Swamp and water 20.080 Grass and meadow 3,720 Total non-productive sites 242,450 The timber (over 11 inches D.B.H.) was estimated as follows:— Species. Engelmann spruce- Silver fir (balsam) Lodgepole pine Totals Accessible. M.B.M. 156,320 207,720 322,480 686,520 Inaccessible. M.B.M. 28,100 67,360 790 96,250 Total. M.B.M. 184,420 275,080 323,270 782,770 Included in the above is lodgepole-pine timber suitable for making 8,600,000 hewn ties in addition to 9,500,000 which might be cut by thinning stands not yet mature, making a total of 18,100,000 hewn ties. These ties are considered to be accessible when the better average prices of the past are again obtainable. If a market -for pulp-wood were to be developed, the entire stand might be cut for that purpose, with an estimated volume (over 7 inches D.B.H.) of:— Species. Engelmann spruce. Silver fir (balsam) Lodgepole pine! Totals Accessible. Cords. 384,500 568,100 1.133.100 Inaccessible. Cords. 65,600 164,700 3,200 2,085,700 233,500 Cords. 450,100 732,800 1,136,300 2,319,200 On a sustained-yield basis the Forest could produce 61,000 cords of pulp-wood annually, which could be increased to 101.000 cords if the productive areas which are not restocked were to be reforested. Or it could yield annually 300,000 ties and 38,000 cords of pulp, increasing to 490,000 ties and 63,000 cords with reforestation of unstocked areas. The timber could be taken out by the Morice River, a stream that can be readily driven. Compilation of estimates and mapping of the survey made last year of the proposed Flathead Forest were completed. This area covers 391,000 acres of the drainage-basin of the Flathead River, west of the Rocky Mountains, in the south-east corner of the Province. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 11 Area capable of producing Commercial Timber— Mature timber— Acres. Acres. Accessible 93,920 Inaccessible 1,660 95.580 Immature timber— 1-20 years old 22,780 21-40 years old 7,850 41-60 years old 11,460 61-80 years old 3,180 81-100 years old 5,270 50,540 Burns not restocking 22,640 Non-commercial cover 1,870 24,510 Total sites of productive quality 170,630 Incapable of producing Commercial Timber— Alpine and barren 132,840 Scrub-sites 83,550 Meadow, swamp, and water 3,980 Total non-productive sites 220,370 The merchantable timber is estimated as follows, with minimum diameters of 11 inches for saw-timber and 7 inches for pulp-wood:— Species. Crown. Alienated. Total. M.B.M. M.B.M. M.B.M. 579.000 70,600 649,600 133,500 23,100 156,600 47,500 13,300 00,800 47,200 9.600 50,800 16,000 5,800 21,800 823,200 122.400 945,600 Engelmann spruce... Lodgepole pine Douglas fir.. Silver fir (balsam). Western larch Totals As the more probable future utilization of this timber will be for pulp, the stands were also estimated to a 7-inch minimum diameter in cords of pulp-wood, as follows:— Species. Crown. Alienated. Total. Cords. Cords. Cords. 1,516,600 187,700 1,704,300 451,000 75,400 526,400 120,900 34,700 155,600 152,500 30,900 183,400 41,200 14,800 56,000 2,282,200 343,500 2,625,700 Engelmann spruce.. Lodgepole pine Douglas fir Silver fir (balsam). Western larch Totals There is in addition the following volume of pulp-wood in younger stands not merchantable as saw-timber:— Species. Crown. Alienated. Total. Engelmann spruce.. Lodgepole pine Silver fir (balsam). Totals Cords. 48,000 137,000 12,000 197,000 Cords. 59,000 163,000 13,000 235,000 Cords. 107,000 300,000 25,000 432,000 The utilization of this timber depends chiefly upon construction of transportation facilities for the product. A railway along the Flathead River could obtain freight from the extensive coal-measures as well as the timber. The location of oil in commercial quantities is also a possibility. The river itself is drivable with some improvement, but construction of water- V 12 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. storage north of the International Boundary would be necessary. The Forest could produce a sustained annual yield of 8,400,000 board-feet of saw-timber and 7,550 cords of pulp-wood, or 44,330. cords of pulp-wood if entirely confined to this product. With regulated cutting this pulp yield could be increased in time to 56,700 cords annually, without including the possible yield which might be added through reforestation of productive sites now deforested by fire. The valley-floor is all above 4,000 feet in elevation and not suitable for agricultural development. It is recommended for permanent timber production. The drainage-basin of the Kishinena Creek would make a beautiful alpine park of 50,500 acres contiguous to the Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta and the Glacier National Park in Montana. A survey of the proposed Barriers Forest was completed. This area includes the watershed of the Barriere River, one of the chief tributaries of the North Thompson River. Area capable of producing Commercial Timber— Mature timber— Acres. Acres. Accessible 75,900 Inaccessible ...:, 9.500 85,400 Immature timber— 1-20 years old 11,130 21-40 years old 44,140 41-60 years old 39,450 61-80 years old 23,480 ■ 118,200 Burned or logged, not restocking 32,880 Bush or non-commercial cover 5,940 38,820 Total sites of productive quality 242,420 Incapable of producing Commercial Timber— Alpine, barren, and scrub-sites 91,970 Swamp and water 4,420 Grass and meadow 1,560 Total non-productive sites 97,950 The merchantable timber, in board-feet of sawlogs to a minimum D.B.H. of 11 inches, is estimated as follows :— Species. Crown. Alienated. Total. Engelmann spruce. Silver fir (balsam) Douglas fir Red cedar Western hemlock... Yellow pine White pine Totals M.B.M. 302,760 116,910 73,250 54,770 21,550 1,340 6,180 576,760 M.B.M. 11,230 1,350 12,090 16,790 6,770 6,790 1,380 M.B.M. 313,990 118,260 85,340 71,560 28,320 8,130 7,560 56,400 633,160 About 15 per cent, of this timber is considered to be inaccessible, suitable for special products as follows:— In addition there is timber Crown. Alienated. Total. Cedar poles (lineal feet) Douglas-fir ties (pieces) Lodgepole-pine ties (pieces). 5,126,000 456,600 14,500 1,126,000 121,000 2,600 6,252,000 577,600 17,100 . Utilization has consisted of the production of ties and telegraph-poles with a few sawlogs cut for small mills not operating at present. If a market were developed this area could produce a sustained annual yield of 14,200,000 board-feet of sawlogs or 12,100,000 board-feet of saw- timber and 7,800 cords of pulp from the spruce types. With regulation the annual yield would increase to 16,400,000 board-feet of sawlogs, or 12,200,000 board-feet with 12,200 cords of pulp- wood, without reforestation of the productive areas now burned and not restocking. The area FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 13 covered by this survey is not suitable for agriculture and would make a valuable reserve for timber production. PROVINCIAL FOREST INVENTORY. Estimates and forest atlas of the Prince Rupert Forest District were completed. The tables on pages 14, 15, and 16 show the character of the surface area and forest-cover and give estimates of the standing timber of this District. For inventory pufposes the District has been divided into seven drainage-basins east of the Coast Range and fifteen west of the mountains. These subdivisions are shown on the accompanying index map. PROVINCIAL FOREST INVENTORY. Key to drainage-basins of Prince Rupert Forest District. Numbers refer to drainage numbers in accompanying schedules. V 14 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. H O ta H 6c PS H fM '-> P y. PS w a u a H M H fi rn fc H PS O S ta « J -1 o O "B3.IV inOX •■SurzujQ usdo 'pai^AIITIlQ •a,\i5onpojd put; cTaraAi^ 3Ai^onpoja (Kfox ■patung pore pa^Soq; •p9.8So7 . j T "^ N M >n W x ' * 'M Tf oi © © r C-J F^ 1-C — -rf OJ Tf 6) !D © r- U^ © ™ ~ os" to i-h" u~" —' os" ©" ■* >o" CC CO co —■" o" "^ OC OS © >0 © CO t- © CO ^h ;£ 2.1 © -i Xi DcscoT-ir-xcs-J-oscccoco J co © coaoccoo C3S CO ot tP "* OS t>> Ol CC I> uO — EO 1 - 00 t' 0* I> 0$GO CO » t- a h t. m a HX01r-_H (N its Tf" rn" CO CM" Ol" r- CO." - C O O O O Tf r cr- rr-^Hi-M a co Tt- © cc cs Tf ■© o - LO O ■ X CO ■ OOOO • -m co © i-t l^iCiOO^'OKJUSOiONOWCDt* i- cs oi i- r-i co x © © i- oi oi co -* x HlOOXiOtCCOOfflOJlO^OSO cs'co" rico c-T-* in i-T co tt co" oj" m" m" co I- ■* CO Ol O CU O CO »1 Cl C C ~ 1- c GO©CO©CO©XCOXi-'©mCOr-iiO OOOOOWMCOONOJlO:' s; C. O B O c: h m co O © si t co c OS^iQ«iO*H'J(VriTf(M«0' 00 © © o o o o Tf •* i— n trs t> co OOOOnOOlO oo" r-T Tf" ©" cs cs" y? 01 Cl O) O t- H O) CN r-l CM rH CM mil-! CJ^ | » j a i s I © © CO © ITS Tf S O O i— I- OS © O © CM © e : Tf Tf .7J co co © 30 io co rn o-i co t - CO CO ri CO CO 'CC 1-- 01 X OS T © 7 I— t— IO © 00 © rH ITS i—I CM CO OS rn <M CO CO C(S © CM rH CO Tf rH r-*~ CO cT os" ©" CO Tf OS CO CO 30 -rf OS CO CO Tf "* r-i t~ ifliOiOiao'n^oocoooo'* ri © 0-1 © ~ —< Ol 1 - © I - © ..O iO iO CO l-ll-ascOfOSiir:!Mi-HrHlr-©COifSirM Tf 00 X l— H*CO(NWCOCM«!M fH OOOOMON i-h nn as © r- © c-j CO OS ir- © © (M iO cs" r- oT ©" i-T ©" oo" OOIC © Tf ri CO CO©^rH(Mt>- *- r-Trn'oi 1-- O ^ 'C i i - i - © '-"S (Mi-iC D-^r- i CO H CO M O Cl C n r N Ol IQ !• CD Cl . OShiQ r-iCSTfX©iOCSr-HCO>OiOr- Os"o"Os'oo"'co'Tf"L-- Co"iO CO CS ©"©"© irs OirjOOTfuSTfOcOr-iCscocc©—'CO ©3 Ol r h eo - © ■ Tf t— ■ © CO ■ o © ■ © Tt- O © CO lO Tf i.O © © © 'Q © lO >0 OJ CO co © o-i -t co i - j. r- .--. © co i— io t- r- MflMa*OX3MMO!MCM2 U3(1ILTTX aanr)X'iiuui pjiox •asj-Bdg ■paxooag •asa'cdg •paijoorig ■jaqmix aiqt^ueqrua'jv © © © © © © © Tf co r- oo i-~ <a r- co ■ o © © © - ci i- © co ■ OS ff CO CO © © © © CO OS © 1,0 © ITS I- O 'IS CO CO n IO N IM lO CM N O W O O) M 1- 31 iT. N H •*H0!C0«OSt-m01XH IO © Tf r-H I— I- CO © 1- © © © lO © Tf CO iO Tf © O t-h © CO l> 00 'O © Tf — CO Ol © © ,—I © X IO IO © t- ri C— i— CO c-i coco" —Tos OJ*rH oj i— co oj in r^ co i—i "* t- 1- X 00 CO © © O © O © rH rH Tf © CO © CM O ■* co os co m urs oo <?f Tf rf" rf rH CC ©" ri IQ Ol i—I © - © © © ■ Tf m oo ■ © © CO © © © O rH n © m © oo oj p © cm © Tf i~. r © © © CM ■ O © O CO ■ Tf Tf CO CO ■ 00 CM © © - r- Tf CO Ol ri CO CO C O O © i-h -r. © lO O © © 1— 00 © Tf i—i CM CO iO CO © co" cc' © ©~ CO © >o" rN © © i— CO CO " fl CM t Oi S © Tf © "rfl 3 © 00 t~ Ol 1 CO CO X 00 iCS O CO lO o © ■■vj © © Ir- © © IO CO CM i-h CM OJ CO co" os" Tf © oT o od CO Ol 1-- jo t* CM 0C; X CM Tf o OJ Tf OJ CS © UJ lots* •dm^ uo 'ox ^J ^ Q " -^ ' 1 3 j -08,25 < S ^ t3 •— e *~* a DC g »n, a,« t h 9 ojw S '5 < 73^^; c« £5 _5H ! •-J T1 " H 3>rT3 • dr Smoo'i X O ffl CC S3 £ c - 5 o Oi gQQ : . k££ J d (SmH IfkrHatr. DA! « S fg 5JOS ___« 9 (aSa.ftS-2'a t, « U 9 9 g i, .»•§ a 3 s g a H H HSaa s g a HSJWflUlONWCiO^SJtO^iO FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 15 w ta PS o ta hJ <S HH o y rH o Ph Ph Ph 0 \* - Ph O H fc X ta Ph > fc HH a H : c 3 c ! O O o o : c : o o c : o o o o , 0 : c l 00 N r : cd tf - Cfl CD SJ i cc ! CO CO r- : rH tr- tf" "£! a : c l 13 Cl CT : o oo rH o ^"rT I l- Cl cr I tf tf a tf fl : os rH co : tf co tf : rH i CT Cl Ol o OOOOO o o o o o o c o : c : io o c o o o ooooo o o c o o o c o : c i o o c o o H cfl K ^i CO ri © tr- Ci 13 13 © ri o © CC ■tf : cr i 1 CO rH O tf t- cs oj a> ., Cfl CO S3 13 CO to CO © CO -tf CO 13 O O Iff :. : co to t- rH co ■go.E CJpHt- OJ a CO 05 Cl O rH COrHCiCDOlt-ClCO : «c ! : co o c tf Oi ,6a rH eo_ co t+i oo a 00 IO ri Cl Cl 13 Ct : t- : j rl CO r- ■tf W tf" rH? 13 O tf : r- l rH to" C to ci ; "" Cl ooooooooooooooc c : c : o o c i o o c c ooooooooooooooc z : c ; O O C : o o c o o rH WNt-Ot-t-^OiOCDCOt-O^fA J : bt i *"*, °. r" : rH 00 cc CO 05. eg NWMHt-tNbMt'HClOiMNC. c : cc ; cf cf cr i tf" o r- lo" to o TjifflffiONOOWrlWOt-^HMr cc : r- 1 13 13 cc : co co tc Cl B OiOiOOJQOOO^MC'llS^WCOC 0( : ir : t- ci t- : cd tf c ri LO ■H H Ol" tH CO Tt D : ! ri CD C" ri rH r : r- CT O O O o o o : c o : o o c o O O O O o o o : c o : o o c o o +H I- tr- CO CO t— 00 ir : a i CO : rH ct cr LO o O CO rH © © CO' ; ^ ; co to in t- IO rH IO C5 - : LO r- 01 CD ri c 0 Cl OOO ooooooooooc c ; O O o o OOO ooooooooooc c ; O C o o (4 ■tf i-t <0 OlOClCOt-OOritfOr- c : rH t- rH Cl a ri O ri 00 rH Cl C t- O C 13 13 © tf ri ri Cl Cl Cl Cl Cfl fc- ir : ! to ir CO L- 10 CT IO n s rt ■^ CV tf < O © — c ; c : o o c ; o o c O o w o o c : c : o o c ; o o c O o ,_; Cl 00 OS lc : c : co 13 cr k ; «o © o* CD 13 c tn ©" ,-," !a j cr ; 05 I- c; i cd" cd" a LO" 0 O I rH rH : tf tf o c o c LO O O OOOOOOO O O O O O O c o o OOOO OOOO c i c ; O O : o o ' i c O o o c ffl C501G5CDCDCOCDOrHG500CD ^ : cd ; co n : c Ol CD C5 tf M Ht-rit-nricocoocDror--t !>" : >c : tf ci : o ri CC O t- & OOt-OHM^OO'JCOSH i "* : c tf ; cr C t- tf tf H Cl Cq H HH ri C M ri : ci ! C r- CN tf^ P. cd o Cv i ri? t- __ of ©©©©©©OOOOOOOOO ; c : o o c : c C c o o OOOOOOOOOOOOOOC : c ; o o c ; c C c o o to ir- o t- n l- a oj in :i co h o oo k : c : n co cr i tt c CD C5 fc* pq DO C5©GOCTCO©tfCOC5COIOriC5 13r-i c : t> : o tf l- i t- c o b- fc- o o o co o m h oo io co o n a cs c-i cc : C ; ci cd i- ; tf c 01 LO Q CT i-H Cl ri ri rH ri CMCOri © tf CD : r- 1 13 ri r- i °" CC cc CO 13. ri" i- Ut : : 1 ^ CO io" OOOOOOOOO' OOOOOO c : c : O O : c c c o o O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO o ! C : o o : c c o o o t-L3OMC00DOHl-l-C0Ot-C0cr in : pc : co 13 c c 05 rH H H! MffiMO^HOCOCiCOOriCOHIM C3 : c ! tf rH : a t> c CO rH IO CO CM. 13 ri Ol Ci CA t- tf CI 13 O t- r- (M : t- : ci ; cr cc tf n Cfl C0 CT tf oqiMriri 05 CD■ ri rH Ol 0C OC i w ; : c c r- CO ri rri"r- ' CC Lt L-" OOOOOOOOOOOOOOC :o 1 ' : c : o o : c c o o O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO c : c : o o : o c o o O ^W0)ri^0JlO13MC5HO05"fC: t- : « ; ci co : L' c fc- LO tf_ d OMHC0Clt«Hfl3l-OC3O^I>« : ■* i tf" o* : tf le CO t-" CD" lo) o i~ «s t> i- is to Tf o io ci ri cm Tt : cc i °" er CD tf tf OS ri CO 01 CO ri ri COCl CO L- CC ; c Cl _CC o Cl o fc* _tf"_ o OOOO o c c c OOOO o c c : C © o o O CM Cfl CD © CM cc : IO : ir c tf 05 CO fc Cl" CO tH 00 T- i T- c r- io" t-" CO CO Q0 ! cc t- o 13 rH CC CO oc | cr cc n rH CD CO Cl i l>O^O05O^^i:M^13OHC cc : a : 13 LO 13 £ O O cd cd i- i> i- ffl r. 1< q co h cs e: : cc ! n rH t- i c ir CO Cfl ri ffiOlS^OOOOd-iit-COt-COMC! r> ; K : co co cc ; c r- c fc^ CO T N L3 h (C o ft O ft O O « O O CJ C ! o : CO O r- i c C LO Cl ^■5 D « W 05 ■* t- ® r)l N H H O M « t-'(C : -*t : cd ~» c : ir tf CD Ci o 53 -J rH riH rir r- ; I rH. r-t. 05 i L" O4 CD trr- S « '" i rH CD > a w CD tt fl JH, d 'cfl X C 1 H "2 C p 0 a H eg CD ►> fl -3 m cr ci a, rfl 44 fc Ci 0J 0 ■a e c. a, +J d 4 !> a fc c 4« « tt c U. OJ EO B i to cd fl "3 a « 5 l! O pi i a ■= = rH c a * tn crJ fc onn.^ m *y cd rC. r 'SOi2'?HtT > -fl ^ ri G 9 6 C c EH .2 *' J © « T f-> > Ph r p 03 OJ cc! 4*3 ? a 0 a P3 fl 0 M il 3 1 H 8 C c fcH +- a fl rt Cfl CD CJ fl CD c Xi 3 TXt fl ed tt tr % O |s5l||!l§if!| d3 fl ..U *, 0 44 S.CirriM r-\ K 6* 4^ CD 1° r> 44 M M tri a a -a«I s -1 a s -a-g ■«" i a r* X a a rH ^ g 44 44 A fc tt 0) tl X. fl £ SPSaJootHdt-ooCotH^ CQOMWCnPifHOOflrlPhlO^ Pi fC £^ S e ft o £ o 3- -rH Q fl fl S OS & Is P M M fe P t> H 6 'duin n( ) -on rlN«1iOOt'C0C!OHNMTt<Lt CD fc- co a o ri Ol I— T- 1- 1- r- r- ri ri rH ri 01 Cl Ol fe^ 13 0 II II fc PQ V 16 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. ~ M o O ta H 4 « Ph Ph O P PC y H > HH y H K ta P £ r/j K « n ta p ^ H 3 H M u H y S H <l P> hH ( 1 O Ph ta g ►J ■? H O P 3 © 3 © 3 3 © O © © ©ooooo o O © o to M © tf t- CO CO t- 3 © ©_ © OJ o tf CO ri 13 © LO © © ©" © si Cl © LO © © t- fc- ri © t- © ri © ri ri CO 1- fc* © t^ CO" tf of OO" ri" 3 © ri" o" CO Cl t- © t- o © © © © © ©©©o©©©:© © © 3 O c © © o © © O © © ©©©o©©© © o © © o © o d 0) CD+j CO LO © IO LO CT IO LO Cl tf © ri © CC rH © — t- cc tf © IO © O CO CO CO C0©©tf00tf© CO Ci © 3 Ol CC CT W-S fl 1> tf t- O © © Cl © rH Ci CD Cfl © Cl fc- tf © O fc- © rH 00 cp ¥ 'xi tt) H 01 O LO t> tr-^ OO LO t- Cl tf CC © ©5 CO K fc- o tf 05 co" l> rH Cl" Cfl ri CO LO" ©" Ol" bf rH CT rH t- Ci rH h* 01 c tf O©0©000©©©00000 c ©ooo©©© 3 © © © O oooooooooooooo© C ©©©©©©© 3 © c © © __; ©_ CO © LO ©^ OO CO tf_ CO__ tf_ rH ct co ©_ tf_ •D IO ©_ IO IQ ri_ 05^ LO_^ O © 10 Ol CO « ©" ©" © t-" C5* IO" io" rH 00" CO fc- cf tf" ©" ©" tf CO" tf" tf" co" tr-" io" ©" 3 o in co" tf" O C0l-Ol©CTriri.C5O5©ria0©©ri [- t- © © ri ri tf © QC © Ol CO IO ©©©COLOOlriOtfCOtflOOLO© CC tf © tf © ri t- LO CC CO tf tf Cfl CTriCTriririri CTCO LOlO tf ri tf CO ri 3 © fc- co" K n Ol r- ri © © © © © : © 3 O © © © © o © © © O © © © © ; © 3 © © © o 3 © O © © l> trr- tr- co 13 : co 0 CO © CO Cfl_ X LO © © © o t-"C0 CT © © : © ~ LO 00 rH rH i- ri L- t- lo" rH LO © ; co r- rH T o CT tf ■ . . , ri ' CC ri C CO O © © ©©©©0©©©00© © O C o © © © © ©oooooo©©o© 3 O c o o fc? CO CT 05 CO tf © t- CT Cl-O tf 13 LO CD ri tf rH eo a CC? CO" tH 13 ri ri IO tf" t— ©" lo lo" ct co" ©" co" CT Cl tf CT Cl Cl rH tf CT CC CC o ri tf oc 05 CO co" ' CO rH CO rH cc CC tf CO © O © © © O © OO©©©© 3 © o © o CJ O O © © © © o o © o o © 3 O c © © 02 C# LO 00 CO CT. L0_ r- CO ©__ ri O CT -tf c © 0" CO rH O O hi s CT ©" co" CO ©" oc CO 05~ CO" Cl" Ol" ©" 10 IO a co" co" CT CT CO 3 LO 13 13 t> CO tf © tf © ri © 3 H 1-f d r- ri rH 0©©©00©©000©0 c O O © © © © © 3 O c © © pq 0©c©©©©0000©0 3 o o © © © © o c c o © CC tf © Cl O ri 13 OO LO GO ri Cl O © CO_ © ri Cl Cl tf rH t- CC t- rH CO •* p 05" CO" CO*" jri IO" tf" rH tf Ci" ri co" t-*" 05* t> Ol io to co co" © Ol l.~ © cr ©" co" fH tf ri C5 LO CO LO © IO CO © Cl tf © :■- O Cl © © O tf Ci K tf lr t- t- H fa Q cc; o tfriCO CTCTCflrH CO©ri t- Ol tf 13 © tf rH i- IO CD cl ec rH~ ri tf © '" ' oo" O00000©0©000©0© - ©©©©©©© c o C o © ©0OO0OO©©©©©00© o © © © O © © © C o c © © riCll-00CO©t-©tfCOritf©ri© QC LO © rH CO OO Cfl © %c o cr CO eo PQ COrH©tO©CO©OOOOCOCOtfLOrH ■3 t- CO LO IO © ri © 3 © t> ©" o" ai Otftft-13C0G0C0©t-tf00tfrHtf t- © 01 tf © © © © C Ol c tf CO G tfritfrHCTCTririrHCOOririt-© 3 ri CO ri CO tf © Cfl tf c c tf Tp 2 rH ri" l> rH tH ri" IT oc tf ' Ci ri 00©©©©00©00000© C ©©OOO©© 3 o c © o o ©©0©00©00©0©©00 3 OOOOOOO c c c © © ffl Olt-riQ0tf©t-©C-Cfle0©tr-t-lO C © t- Cfl tf CT CO © C 10 t- 05 iH H H t-tf©LOO©Ot—tftfLOrHtfCOCO 3 CO CT © CO ri © CO 1- cc cr eo" to tft-t-t-C0C0L0©©C0riO0100C0 T © © CO © CT © cc CC tf Ci LO CO t- CO CO CO CT rH Cl tf^ CT CO CO tf^ fc- CO CO CO CT rH rH 3 oc cr tf CO ri" rH rH Cfl" C rH ri" tf cc cc ' lo" rH G 3 © c c c o o O o ©©0000©©©00©©©0 o o O © © c ©C500©Clt-13rit-CT01Ot-00ri t- © 00 IO 13 OO c T- r- t- © d ©ClCOOll>tfl300©t-lOlr-LOtfCO C ri © 13 © eo c © cc LO Ci t-00C0r-t-ri©©riC0OlC0OClri 0" rH tf ■j- er cc Ci rH CO n t-i CO © CO CT ri CO 13 LOri CD rH CT cr © c CT O^ rH rH rH t- cr tf ' oo" © © © © © C © © 3 c c © o © © © © © c © O O c c © o d © co cs to r- 00 rH a a a ■tf ©^ fe ©" tf* rH co" 3 Ol" tf" 3 <M c- to CO" lO tr- lO a 13 L- cr c © tf CT LO IO cr * t- cc ri ■tf_ rH , t-©CT©C5C0t-C5 1Ot-ri©LO©ri a co oo io © co io © ;c c o CO t- +J riri©COCOC5tr-L-5©cCriCOi3-fi© 1> oooo©t-©©:i- fc- o tf CO ^H-H eg «j43 g LO © tf ri t- NCOOt-OCJOHOM LOCOClriCACTCO r- l- CC t> CQ Ci tf O 13 © tr- rH t- tf 00 13 © tf © tf cc CO©tf©©©00 ]iC tf C ©" rH C5tf©©tfCO©t-riCOCO©COt-Cl 3 COOltr-COtfCl© cr T- l> tf tf Srte rH CT rH rH rH rH rH tH CT COCO ir CO 01 tf L3 Cfl tf Cfl C IC cc rH IO 05 41 c or tf io" 4= tt c t "C F £ l F tt fc xix tt) XH CD fl 03 cci < P r- 7 *c p p ■ a § £ o-fl a 43 44 ft crJ 33 tt) "5 fc> !■ tt) c N 4- H •" fc 5 o « t t C c a B c CD ti g .3 3 Si 42 • CO "8 n A ^ttrTliMajflt>wV c/ r{ St N 0) as j_ 3 9 X 0 •5 CD fcX) cc! fl ri ti Q § £ i ? rfl 4« fl c fl r- o QQ c P -0|Q]W>,i-r)_L,'-,k>tt)[«?w^ C S«il|g5g§§?g§I " Bi^^^flcU-fl ^ fl K '-' v> fl ^■33M«W^3^ §35 " r § 5: a is 1 a ■ e* s b fc M S 7^" .2 fc o> S? s? o 1 £ [3 1 4- 0 Cf F a c t t fl m fl fl ti C.J0 QC R ■1- c E- id «1> ^ 5 h'K B t>«5 u R » » •at* ^ s w a ,5 ^ o)flfctjfc d^ tfiOWMp^pHpnOOPrlPhSOS fc" £j fc* j£ irl o fci e a fl £2 £3 44 fl 9> ec 4= I fl O p a p pq pq & 3h > P •flT!T\T nn 'OW rHClC0tfl3©t-C0©OrHCTC0tfl3 © b- CO © O ri Cl \ r- r ■! r r r 1 r i t" f i- T- c c C FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 17 A forest atlas lias been made on a scale of 1 inch to the mile, similar to that completed for the Vancouver Forest District last year. All available information from private owners, forest engineers, and others, as well as from all Government sources, has been used in the compilation of this inventory. It will be noticed that 73 per cent, of this rough mountainous territory is reported to be incapable of producing timber in commercial stands. Utilization has been comparatively little so far; merchantable timber still occupies 54 per cent, of the productive forest area, and fully stocked stands of natural reproduction 15 per cent., an additional 11 per cent, being sparsely stocked; 20 per cent, is not reproducing, almost entirely as the result of fires east of the Coast Mountains. z 0 J J i o o in' O 0 J Id I icO IN" 111 u D a. G. CO Lower sections represent timber on the Coast. Upper sections represent timber in the Interior 8 10 J iOl -, o Is N cd < Q o 30.9% 24.5% 16.3 % 16.3 % 6.9% 2.8% 6% STANDING TIMBER of PRINCE RUPERT FOREST DISTRICT 50,&70,000,000 f.b.m. V 18 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. The volume of standing merchantable timber by species, irrespective of accessibility, is shown on the accompanying diagram. The amount of accessible timber by species is given for each drainage-basin in the table on page 15. The total volume of saw-timber, 50,870,000 million board-feet, is a reduction of 8,410,000 million from the estimate of the Dominion Commission of Conservation in 1917. Of the total volume, 43 per cent, is considered to be accessible to forest industries as at present organized. Only 37 per cent, of the timber has been alienated, but this includes 70 per cent, of the accessible volume. The most important species are hemlock and spruce, which together account for over 55 per cent, of the total volume; this predominance of species suitable for pulp-making may be expected to have considerable influence on the nature of future industries using timber from this region. Areas examined foe Miscellaneous Pukposes op " Land Act," 1931. Forest District. Cariboo Fort George Kamloops Prince Rupert. . Southern Interior Vancouver Totals... Applications for Crown Grants. No. 1 Acres. 40 318 117 Applications for Grazing and Hay Leases. No. 39 25 2 107 Acres. 4,707 8,166 9,031 435 1,240 23,579 Applications for Pre-emption Records. 54 105 51 16 13 67 Acres. 7,493 16,144 4,559 2,668 1,800 3,124 35,788 Applications to Purchase. 42 26 22 30 66 71 Acres. 4,344 4,701 7,763 7,199 7,112 6,464 37,583 Miscellaneous. No. 26 61 62 61 16 Acres. 4,953 12,905 6,972 5,246 2,793 11,132 44,001 Classification of Areas examined in 1931. Forest District. Total Area. Agricultural Land. Non-agricultural Land. Merchantable Timber Land. Estimate of Timber on Merchantable Timber Land. Acres. 21,537 41,916 28,643 15,230 12,140 21,960 Acres. 1,979 23,688 4,425 6,436 3,243 2,945 Acres. 19,558 18,228 24,218 9,794 8,897 19,015 99,710 Acres. 1,059 788 "l03 M.B.M. 14,676 8,751 1,547 141,426 41,716 1,950 11,765 The average annual cut of the Prince Rupert Forest District during the last ten years has been 171,800 M.B.M., of which 35 per cent, has been spruce and 20 per cent, hemlock. The annual loss by fire is usually very small and is practically confined to the region east of the Coast Mountains; two bad years, 1922 and 1930, have raised the average, however, for the last ten years to 46,250 M.B.M. This makes an average total depreciation by logging and fire of 218,050 M.B.M., only one-third of what might be cut on a sustained annual yield basis, which is roughly estimated to be 667,000 M.B.M. without artificial reforestation. This surplus may be expected to become of great importance in the future on account of over-cutting in the adjoining Vancouver Forest District, but the absence of Douglas fir in the stands will affect the nature of the manufactured product, which is so predominantly fir lumber in the Vancouver District at present. LAND CLASSIFICATION. Lands within and adjacent to Provincial Forests were examined for the purpose of defining permanent boundaries for the Forests so as to exclude areas suitable for agricultural development. For the Barriere and Niskonlith Forests, which are contiguous areas north-east of Kamloops, 45,300 acres were examined; of this area, 6,537 acres of surveyed Crown lands were found to be suitable for agricultural development. These lots are chiefly in the Barriere Valley, below the lakes, and in the Sullivan Valley. Most of them are 160 acres in size and each has 20 acres or more of tillable soil, the rest being suitable for rough cultivation or grazing. The soil is sandy loam, sometimes rather shallow, and requires clearing. The best agricultural land in this vicinity has been settled for many years and most of the undeveloped land is better adapted to timber production than to farming. Adjacent to the boundaries of the Martin Mountain Forest 2,280 acres of Crown land were examined; only one lot of 80 acres was found to be suitable for agricultural development, all other farm land being already alienated. An examination was made of 1,015 acres of Crown land, which appeared to have agricultural possibilities, along the boundary of the proposed Douglas Forest between Mission and Harrison Lake. It was found that all the suitable land has been alienated and the remainder is for the most part steep side-hill, logged and burned, with young growth already satisfactorily re-established. FOREST RESEARCH. Research-work during the year consisted for the most part of the routine observations necessary in the various investigations which are under way. Through co-operation with the Elk River Timber Company an extremely desirable tract of 1,000 acres near Campbell River has been permanently set aside for experimental work in reforestation. The property is centrally located with respect to the very extensive tracts of logged-off land in Central Vancouver Island, and will be of great value in developing practical methods of scientific forestry in this region. As the first step in the experimental work which is planned for this area, a block of 17 acres was planted with Douglas fir and Sitka spruce; seed spots we're also sown on a sample plot. The new station will be known as the Campbell River Experimental Forest. No major improvements were undertaken at any of the experiment stations and no important new investigative projects were started. Twenty additional sample plots were established in connection with our general studies of reforestation and yield, in order to improve the basis of our observations for these phases of our research-work. Cowichan Lake Forest Experiment Station. Minor improvements to the Station grounds were completed during the year and the system of trails within the experimental forest was improved and extended. Substantial progress was made with the construction of the Experiment Station road as part of the Provincial programme of unemployment relief. The main investigative project at Cowichan Lake is a study of the pruning and thinning methods necessary to improve the quality of second-growth stands of Douglas fir. During the past year three additional plots were established, which will receive annual examinations in the future as the young forest develops. It has been observed that fungous diseases cause considerable damage to young stands of Douglas fir by killing patches of trees and producing openings in the crown-cover. These openings affect the development of surrounding trees and the proportion of high-grade timber in the final crop is considerably reduced. Three experimental plots were established at the Station during the year to study the cause and extent of these losses. Minor activities included re-examination of various permanent plots established in previous years, and one new plot was sown in connection with experiments of reforestation by seed spotting. Observations of annual seed-crops were placed on an organized basis and an area of 55 acres on the North Arm of Cowichan Lake, bearing a very fine thirty-year-old stand of mixed conifers, was added to the Station. Aleza Lake Forest Experiment Station. Local industrial conditions prevented any experimental work in logging during the year, and activities consisted principally of routine observations in studies already under way. Thirty-five experimental plots received annual examination. General maintenance-work was done on the Station road and buildings and on the system of trails within the experimental forest. Reproduction Studies. Twenty-six sample plots on logged-off lands are under observation. Twenty-one of these plots received detailed examination during the year, and four new plots were established, one to study the survival and mortality of seedlings following forest fires, and three to test seeding methods for Douglas fir. Certain plantation experiments originated by the Dominion Forest Service in the Railway Belt a few years ago were brought under our supervision. V 20 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. fr p rf a % o M rH S w a a H 3 P O fc ^ &pqS © IO © -ri CO CA © © ri CO (M © © ri X CM © © ri X oi © ri 01 © © to I— l— t- oo CO © © © © oi co co co ri ri IO © © rH rH rH rH rH rH ri ri ri i-l iH rH ri ri ri ^ S a- Wfr, S"^ IO IO IO Ifl IO IO © © © IO IO LO LO © © © LO IO IO © © © LO IO IO *OSfl) rH ri r-l ri ri ri CA CA CA Ci CA CM <M CO CO CO CO CO CO ri ri ■^ ^f ri ■'f tn oofe W 8 w3 00 © CN tJ< © CC © CA -ri © CO © Ol ri © 00 O Ol ri © X O tiH 00 (N rH rH rH rH r- (M IN W N Ol CO CO CO CO CO IO IO LO © Prl ■—' © © © © © © © © © o X IO ri CO i- © © X t- rH LO X ri ri t- © ri tr- rH CO CO ri ri ri IO IO IO © © © © © © Ol t- CO © © © © © © © t- CO © I- CO © © © © © t- CO © o LO CO ri IO CO o O H CO LO t- © CM LO 00 ri CO © © ri TfH t- © ri x iH ri ri rH CM N Ci Ci CO co co co ri ri ri IO LO LO © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © f- © © t> © CO 00 CM CN © © LO © LO © LO X CO ri X © OJ ri © rH rH rH rH GO ri CO © © rH CA CM Ci CM ri ri © CO ri CO CO CO CO ri ■ri t- © "ri ri ri LO LO LO © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © CO © CO t- © tr- © CM IO CO LO X rH ri t- © CM CO © rH CO © ri CO LO ri rH rH rH t- © CM *# t- ri ri Ol Ol Ol © rH ri © X Ol CO CO CO CO r-l ri tr- © ri ri -# LO : : : © io © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © : ; \ cs a X CO © t- IO IO © t- X CO ■ri IO t- t- © © X X © : : : ■* © t- © ri CM ri CO 00 O W LO t- © ri CO IO t- © CO © H n rH n ri ri CM Ci CM CM Ol CO CO CO CO ri -rH *rp : : o io c © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © : : ri io a CM t- CA CO LO CO CM Ol ri CO ri Ol CO Ol © © LO CO Ol : : co ■* io t- 00 © ri CO LO t- © ri CO IO t- © ri CO ri t- © co --- r-l ri rH n rH n CA CA Ol Ol Ol CO CO CO CO ri ri : : co © © IO © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © ; : h <m « © © ri 00 -ri © x © ri -rH CO © © LO O © CO X IO : : co ^ io © X © © Ol ri LO tr- © ri CO LO © X © rH ri © © EH H S3 fa n rH ri ri ri ri Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol CO CO CO CO CO : co t- lo a ©"©©©© © © © © © © © © © : a oo co c. ri CO © © ■"# CC IO H t- IO Cl I' LO O 1 X © CM X H 0) ! rH Ci CO "ri © t- CO © ri fH CM ri © t- OS rH rH n n rH ri Ol ri © tr- Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol X ri CO LO Ol CO CO CO tl CO t- © © b- © l> tO IO "ri © © © © © LO © 00 © CO © © © © © ri LO © CO © © © © © X t- t- ri a O © rH IO © LO ri ri Ol CO ^ IO © t- © © ri CO ri © t- © © Ol CO ri LO t- © CM Eh n o O n t_I r-l ri ri ri ri CM Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol CM CO l- 00 © ri IO CO LO © © © © © © © © © © © © © C © © © © © IS Ci to CO rH CZ © © © © CM ri X © CO lO © Ol © t- cr X IO Ol -ri a CM ri CM CO -3 ri tO tr- 00 © © ri CO ri IO L— X © © t- Ol ri © X a rH ri n rH rH rH ri rH CA O Ol Ol CM Ol j © CO CO CO © CC LO © © © © © © © © © © © © © c © © © © U" CO ri © CO >0 CO CO <N rH rH CM ri ri © b- © © Ol ri c X Ol © t- ri ri CM CM CO ri IO © t- X © © ri Ol CO ri © t- x c © rH CA -Hi H ri > rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH r- ri Ol 01 Ol CO 00 © CO LO ri © © © © © © © © O © © © © © C © © © © O ri t- CM CO ri i- 00 © ri CA © © © © © © GO X b- © O. X © © © o ri ri M CO CO ri IO © t- X © © © ri Ol CO ri IO © © X © rH rH rH rH n rH rH r- ri ri rH Ol 00 CO © CO © © © © © © © © © © © © © « © © IO ri (- CA © © CO © X tr- ri CM Ol rH rH CA Ci co ri -tf lo © © t- X Ci © Od 00 CM CA IO »fi LO © © © © o 00 « iO Ci co t- o tO CO 00 ri 05 rH rH CA cm co co ri ri t- CO ri © © © © <M ri t- © ri CC ri ri i- eo © to w C0 IO 00 © ■H © © © : ; © 1-1 IO (0 © H ca \ \ : ri 3 M as m3 0 QS OC cm -^ © a c CA -fl © CO C Ol ri © X © Ol ri © or © ri CO M r- HrtHr o CM O. CA (M « CO CO c CO "Hi TjH -ri ri -<J IO IO IO © FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 21 P fr m M « M a H m P O a n 3 Eh fc < w O BS a H Ch o 21 a H H w H « < H p i-j o r- HH © eo to © ci lO M H H^ h l~ l>- 00 00 00 q M O O N C3 Ci a 05 O B OD H Tf I O © rH rH ■ O CO (N 00 ci ei co co O 01 TjH thh. © Ml X © 01 01 tH th ci ca oi oi © X © © Ol oi oi co co co •ri ^ © X X CO CO CO CO CO © 01 © x ri ^ Tfi ri X CO Ol © b- ri © CO fc- rH IO io © © t- b- © © © LO ^ Ol © b-X © © X © ri CO Ol oi © © ri X CO CO ri ri -tf © Ol X © © Ol © © <* t- LO IO LO © © fc- IO © LO rH © b- ri fc- fc- X © © IO Ol © LO © ri X ri LO CO CO CO -ri ri rH © IO ri rH © CO © © ri ri IO IO © © t- © © LO b- IO Ol © © fc- X X CO Cl © X © ri t- © CM © ri ri ri Ol Ol Ol IO © LO © © Ol © © 01 oi co co co ri 01 © ri X CO © © CO © © ■ri -hh. LO IO © © IO © © co © i- ri CO h CO CO IO rH Ir- ri ri CO © X rH ri ri rH ri Ol Ol ri IO tr- ri 01 b- © CO b- © 01 CO CO CO "# CO X X Ol LO CO © © CO © ri ri ri LO IO © © IO LO © © 01 X LO © fc- L- G2.5 82.0 103.0 © © © © © © © io © X Ol 10 t- © 01 ri ri ri Ol Ol © © © © © © © LO © IO LO X ri ri fc" Ol Ol CO CO CO © © © © © ri © 10 © © © CO © © Ol ri ri ri ri lo © © © © © IO IO © IO ri t- CO IO © © fc- : : : oi ri oi ; i ; x ©" © : : ; lo b- © © ©©_©© GO © co' t^ cm' ri CO © X ri ri ri ri ri 01 © © © © © X © C0* rH X CO © © Ol ^ Ol Ol Ol CO CO © © © © © LO Ifl' ri © X b- © CO © X CO ri ri ri ri © © © © © © LO © ri fc- Ol X LO O © © : fc- © t- ri ; x ri © ci ■ CO LO t- X ©_ o © © © © © ri CO © © Ol LO I- © © © © © © © JO ri fc- Ol oi ri fc- © oi Ol Ol Ol Ol CO © © © © © ©" ri CO -ri- ©" ri fc- © 01 LO CO CO CO ri ri IO 10 IO 10 ri b- b- OI © © © © © © © ©" 00 ©" ri © ri CO LO X © © © © © oi io oo co >o © © © © © b- co ri x oi n -H © X n co co co co ri © © © © ri" © LO ©' co x oi t- Ol © ri © © ri" oi LO oi LO Ol CO ri LO lr- 10 © © © © ri 00 © IO* LO a © oi rH © ©©_©©_© ri io" ©' x oi X © Ol ri © ri CM Ol 01 Ol © © © ©__© ci oi ri oi lo" X ri CO LO t- 01 CO CO CO CO © © © © ri" LO' IO IO © CO tr- ri co ri io io Ol LO Ol © © oi © ri ri oo ri Ol ri LO © fc- © © © © oi oo ri" ri" oi CO Ci rH CO -Xi © © © © © ©' LO -ri' -ii oi © X © Ol ri ri ri Ol Ol Ol © © © © © CO IO © CO X © © © © © © fc- © © © tr- © © CO © r-i 01 CO ri © ri fc- Ol tr- CO b- X © ri CO ri©x;: ;:::; ::i: © © © © © CO ri © t- X id co oi oi co" rH CA CO ri IO © © © © © CO rH ri ei fc- CO ©' X fc4 © ri Ol Ol CO ri © © © O O CO ri ri LO © ri fc^ ri ri* Oi ri ri CM CO CO CO CO t> i-i © © © © © Ol LO ri O © LO fc4 © CO l> tO tr- Ci CO rH © ri X Ol ^H d fl ^n SM ^-i-i «5 so io a M s One hundred and thirteen plots were replaced following a fire on one of the logging operations covered by our history map studies. Forest Mensuration. Most of the work in mensuration for the current year consisted of the re-examination of permanent sample plots for the determination of the rate of growth of various species. Thirty- seven plots were due for regular five-year examinations, including nineteen plots in Coast stands and eighteen in the yellow-pine and lodgepole-pine types of the Interior. Of these plots, ten on the Coast and nine in the Interior were re-examined for the second time, having now been established for ten years. In addition to the re-examinations, nine new plots were established, four on Vancouver Island and five in the Lower Fraser Valley. New volume tables have been compiled for western hemlock of the Coast type, based on diameter breast-high and total height. These tables are presented on pages 20 and 21, and give the average volumes found in trees of a given diameter and height, in both board-feet by the B.C. rule and merchantable cubic feet. Yield and stand tables have also been completed for western hemlock, and will be available for distribution in the near future. REFORESTATION. Forest Nurseries.—Approximately 700,000 seedlings were lifted from the experimental nursery at Victoria and set out at the Green Timbers Forestry Station. The stock was of satisfactory quality and no serious losses were found to have occurred in the beds, apart from slight damage by smothering-disease. No fresh work was undertaken at Victoria during the season, the nursery being placed in soiling-crops in order to improve the soil and prevent unfavourable conditions which may arise through repeated growing of seedlings or transplants. Considerable progress was made with the development of the Green Timbers Nursery, and approximately 8 acres are now developed for nursery purposes. In addition, 3 acres have been partially cleared. Seed Collections.—All the seed collected from the 1931 crop came from Vancouver Island, with the exception of a small lot of larch from the Southern Interior. There was a bountiful crop in the Courtenay District, but the production of commercial species in the Fraser Valley was very poor. Approximately 400 bushels of cones were collected, including four species, with a yield of 200 lb. of seed. Plantations.—Seventeen acres were planted at the Campbell River Experimental Forest in the spring of 1931 and 29 acres were set out at the Green Timbers Forestry Station in the autumn. It is estimated that about 550,000 seedlings will be available for planting in the spring of 1932, and a reconnaissance has been made to locate suitable planting-sites for this stock. Two thousand acres of barren logged-off land have been selected in the Sayward Forest for planting purposes, and an additional block of 500 acres on West Thurlow Island. It is proposed to undertake our main planting-work on these areas during the next few years, with smaller plantations at the Green Timbers, Cowichan Lake and Campbell River experimental areas. LUMBER TRADE EXTENSION. The trade-extension work in Eastern Canada was continued from our Toronto office along the same general lines as previously described. Our woods are gradually finding favour in Eastern Canada and under normal conditions the requirements will be considerably increased. In Australia, through a co-operative arrangement with the timber industries, the work was continued throughout the year. The result of this two years' work is to a large measure shown by the increasing percentage of the trade enjoyed by British Columbia operators. These figures are:— 1929. 1930. 1931. 1 Per Cent. 15 47 Per Cent. Per Cent. 29 65 29 91 Under a similar co-operative arrangement, Mr. L. L. Brown was in July sent to England to carry on work there. He has since been working with engineers, architects, and users of wood, and already we have indications of a better understanding in the trade, which will lead, we hope, to more business. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 23 "Water-borne Lumber Trade (in F.B.M.). Destination. Australia New Zealand South America China Japan United Kingdom and Continent. South Africa India and Straits Settlements .... United States and Atlantic Coast. Philippine and Hawaiian Islands.. West Indies and Cuba South Sea Islands Mexico and Central America Egypt •Belgium •Denmark •France •Germany •Holland •Italy •Norway and Sweden Foreign, unclassified Totals 577,560 40,228,887 12,619,730 2,168,921 10,783,086 67,671,449 53,845,679 8,875,544 3,369,869 361,016,940 56,863 667,012 2,610,143 12,820,848 1927. 36,809,373 16,201,328 1,160,947 4,615,921 177,193,669 41,575,593 17,651,788 1,653,675 400,347,692 221,378 8,792,765 3,791,670 '27573,529 53,502,046 10,847,645 2,168,973 9,178.973 191,597,652 36,427,449 18,562,680 3,566,713 392,074,528 1,734,314 16,023,319 1,884,632 2,649,559 12,047 1928. 29,843,132 8,531,322 10,304,032 16,902,137 219,361,657 67,076,872 13,625,781 411,577 384,107,908 56,681 8,356,671 5,496,319 333,060 1,149,573 41,493,476 8,559,208 2,449,494 43,323,398 192,411,505 69,903,655 15,889,002 243,807 351,526,590 14,347,317 5,508,978 623,766 4,744,180 50,494,046 801,518,422 83,076,587 6,416,105 1,774,697 55,224,104 160,869,880 98,037,621 17,685,896 241,129 259,093,570 122,744 12,781,209 3,230,759 550,018 73,195,238 712,299,557 50,803,023 2,578,740 1,354,028 53,854,005 138,851,607 81,356,068 13,120,035 369,689 207,686,216 7,520,512 2,527,526 478,794 4,195,326 336,428 62,129 241,865 154,135 419,373 301,561 18,200 566,129,250 •Previously included with United Kingdom. THE FOREST INDUSTRIES. The following tables give a review of the general conditions compared for several years:— Estimated Value op Production, including Loading and Freight within the Province. Lumber u Pulp and paper Shingles Boxes Piles, poles, and mine-props Cordwood, fence-posts, and mine-ties. Ties, railway Additional Value contributed by the wood-using industry Laths and other miscellaneous products Logs exported Pulp-wood exported Totals 1925. $41,350,000 14,466,000 10,000,000 2,200,000 2,400,000 1,800,000 1,990,000 2,100,000 1,617,000 3,870,000 148,000 1,941,000 {42,516,000 16,315,000 10,500,000 3,000,000 2,792,000 1,414,000 1,420,000 2,100,000 1,500,000 3,170,000 75,000 884,802,000 §40,487,000 18,605,000 6,800,000 1,707,000 4,030,000 1,405,000 1,440,000 2,100,000 2,000,000 4,561,000 52,000 1,087,000 848,346,000 16,755,000 10,000,000 2,501,000 4,684,000 1,633,000 1,873,000 2,200,000 2,100,000 3,580,000 115,000 893,787,000 $50,140,000 14,400,000 8,300,000 2,437,000 5,500,000 1,734,000 2,116,000 2,100,000 2,400,000 4,124,000 50,000 $93,301,000 832,773,000 16,520,000 4,161,000 2,287,000 4,726,000 1,596,000 1,253,000 2,387,000 1,500,000 2,492,000 42,000 $69,737,000 $16,738,000 13,508,000 2,721,000 1,315,000 2,453,000 1,405,000 1,044,000 1,350,000 1,500,000 2,370,000 43,000 $44,447,000 Pulp (in Tons). Pulp. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 89,839 14,403 112,001 1925. 1926. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1931. Ground wood .... 68,502 6,519 89,725 86,894 9,674 100,759 96,878 9,932 107,266 92,514 16,856 121,363 108,381 15,000 136,123 119,005 13,700 163,548 120,413 15,050 170,005 112,925 15,647 151,066 130,462 13,055 172,539 124,521 11,744 170,482 Paper (in Tons). Product. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 148,201 9,261 1926. 1927. 214,010 13,745 1928. 225,477 15,960 1929. 201,009 19,492 1930. 1931. Newsprint Other papers .... 110,176 6,934 124,639 7,945 142,928 7,709 136,281 9,653 176,924 10,389 224,928 20,446 217,562 17,709 V 24 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. - r- n . . . >o . Ol • ■ • (M ■ . ri . . . CO .«,. ■ • C - . .00 . . a . . I-H . .Cl . .00 . . OJ . .J— . . to . . . CO . :h :j : : o . CO OJ CO cq ■M CO o o -Q o I-I d> 00 Xr- 00 LO lO CO 00 00 00* m fr o tt fr rH o a pq CO . - o ■ • ta GO d o OS • ■ IQ -* ■o io" " " eo . w ; ; "* " " o " : O O lCOCOCO'Ot-'-,>#COCOrHCOCOO"100rHrH')Olr~ricOrilOt>li-Ht—!-*!> GO-^TflO^OCOCNOXCOmOlu NN r-HOJb- COr- IO - f- CO CO-* OJ »# Olr "MNffiCOOOHaT f i-h ■** naw 5 IO io lO CO 00 IQ O ri I-H •* lO CM ri CO a 9 0 H o O- w OJiGN'MNinNINNCOffiOMaH ■ONNO^^ODNiOit:H^O'f^NC'lir>CBNiOCffiMNU?.Slf>K1W')iO! NSi^OMiMOM'l'iacOrtO^M •OOCON^COMOOvOMHW^I^TC'^ONCCK'HiioWtcacDH'lJJCHO (OmCMN^HJlOCOtCHHUT* ■(MtHNOOWMtOtN -*COO:i*GO>OJ>COO]001 O ■* "O <M >— I— i-H ri NCOiONN03'*ffll'-iO'*N(»M^Oiotoi^(-o;o^HMWO!'^itN'4iO»OCOCOMBia U3NX©00!iO'JO(NMir;0>NNlNNiN^ulWO^iQWM'NHWC;S^ltON&IWrHffiCC Nifi'tmNM^HtOiniCrlia^^HtNCOODIJCSMCW^HONNN-fcOHHO^C.^OCHNNiN'* 2 O Ol K * NM ii -* 00 Cl O <M -N^WintdOHMKinifNOM 3 — iO 00 M CO f---H O Olio-* rHiO i-h ri Ol CO'*'* H IO ifl iO iO CO CO -00 ■* Oi r ION ©iQ(M I*- CO ■-'CO ■rj f^ oo cc oo Ol 1"- cs II CQiQ'rtOlCOO«(MiniOin^COIOH<(M(/)OHCO Cl CO O O CO i—l01-Hir,mr>THMCCJr-0MOi©M HiOH»"*^H(NN!M f~00 M UI N H CJ CM 00 CO CO CO OOO i-H OMOlCMLO-MCCCOOllOrHr-lOCHOO'WOCOCOlOOIr- OWiOCO-tHiONOM iOCO-*0]riCOCC —«r— O. O-l CO ■*ji j>(Mtp coco -#cm-* co»oiocoeooooit-H Cl CS CO IO oi co r- «a * 00 OJ i-h HlO^NNOOu ffiOCdtOOOOMtoaOCOr oMHoaoNc ONMHr'COOM'*- 30NinNinGOHH^CMH/0001iO(acN^C»bab^©-*C060NO*iiOCQ»tH I CO CD 66 iO^-*_^—*>OCOW,-HC;CO-*rirHCOCl OJCOCOOJCOOTt'OJC3iaOO{>l'*CJ-rl<C0 01C10*0 i C t— 00 CO !• 'i-h co""co t" co oi oi oococj 000Q& cooTo" i^co'ri oToJirf oT lo'r-T •* ' ofd'co'cc" CO "# CO CO iO Cl TfHf CO <-" ri i—I 00 CO t-Hi-hOJ nOO OlrN OGri I a- CO iO Ol COCl CO 00 O -H i-H CO © CM ri ioion ■■©.... • . . '■ OJ frl . . . .o m l> CD lO ■ r-» • CM . Sr-( r i qir p i 071 r Coty.-Co<ur.Coai c3 m s C o a>, • •^ O ,£ PH ™ O^J, 3.3 g^ C o 0) - ■"■3 PS- •So SS 35 c^ I o « 2M ^5 o£&h - » - - ti - < FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 25 H H W 8 I o O W r ■ FH N o H O o Ol rH q a o rj5 798,332 35,045,976 14,631,578 81,093,450 CO CO CO cf to lO eo OJ OJ ir^ 00 CO 00 to Oi C oo_o ri« Cl oc co a- OJ*t-h t- ri us CO © oo" CO ITr- H a CO 03 5,041,570 35,276,624 38,719,803 209,176,263 © to Ol CO 00 OJ O CO Cl CJ cfo" CD Co" ri IO CO © © © ©" eo CO co Ir~ CN ri O CJ d CO CJ 5,839,902 70,322,600 53,351,381 290,269,713 eo CT «s CO* CO r~ OS H< ri CO n oj CO ■* i-i* *■? I-H IO co .co COlO CO iO n O Ol ri l> co" ' CO cS co" 1* *! of 00 CO eo of ■o t- eo" © to of CJ +3 Q co s o G C X < a r c c c c *E a | 1 u X B c 1 a c .5 I c a * Fort Geor Kamloops Southern T c C I a > R H H fr r/i a tr, u rn i in o B o . P s OT3 O S p S S H as op CJ 3 ti fr-H O ri CO © CO CO 1- .?■] O w. CO Cl IO CO oo -* CJ >o i-h co" oi" Cj"" cc" o" *Nrl«l,»N OWNNnCO m k rn CO ■* Ol 00 CM CO eo OJ OJ 00 r © tO t^ x, ri © © O Of) (M CM C ri CD eo OJ 1-1 CO © o 00 00 to CO oo Oj io io r-^oo"co"of O rn © © r- f- ©_ o_ eocfcf Cl © , ri ■ | Ol CO © © lO © CO J>^ ri t- CO t- OJ © O Ci 00 iO «* © ri 30 © ri rO X- >.o ~ — •;■; rf cc CO © <£> j> © 00 1-1 Ol 55 f» © »o OJ J>- t- © © CO CJ Cl 00 r* CJ 00 © JO gg © irr ~ CJ- ^ Ci -n OJ CO CO ci ^H CO iO -* CO IS 1— CO Q © CO OJ © 1 *' CO " u. © © s O t~ OJ * ■* IO IO © rt "* "* O »0 © © -** co r- © © o © i>fc- -* IO Mdi-T cfo" © * io © <o ri eo -* o © CO'of iti—iri OJ CO CJ OJ IO CJ © CO © oc 00 " ■" . _ '. 9Z O fi O C r, £ t. ti.ti r, a 03 O M fc. O ,™ D6HWa.oi!> V 26 DEPARTMENT OP LANDS. 3 r5 o a 5 B2 © -rf CO CO o © CO cr CO 00 i- CO Ol OJ r~ c c c i-- cj © © © ©CJ CO 00 © © o Ol s c o IO © CO CM 1 CM c CJ ca OJ Tf OJ u: c o n co © © 1 ri © © c ri US OJ 0) CC © IC 00 ri Tf i- rH IS a o T* o o c^ c Cr- IO OlJt-H Ol OJ <T -* t- Ci H t- 1- O H lO lO 00 © » © CT o ' 00 CO © © eo 00 CT © CO CO O CO n H ec to ■»« o US i-H Tf CV © Ol CJ r-i if CC © to CO OJ © 5 < IC 00 1 ri n 03 eo CO Ol 0J * CN N rH © CO O 00 1 © oo c; TJ o t- © •* us JS c c o O iO O -f © CO 5 CJ CM us OJ © US c c s o O US ri OJ 1 OJ i 5 1 IO OJ «* OJ © © © co -r cc CJ IO o OJ is of © OJ © CO o a a Ol ^ t~ ri 0t lO o IS i-H © CO V o c s 1 *" rH © 1 of j CC to © t- 00 00 Cr c CO OJ OJ ri ri t- t— US 00 is iT -d ri - • © CO oc- ct CJ CO iH Ol © . t 1 o ■o © CO IT 00 00 © © CO CO o CJ C 1 Ol ri CT i T* t~- lO CO CO L* O 3 ri cr i O: © Ol Tf IS. a co CO r- IT cc OJ CO o US IO Tf o © is OJ © o O tt Cr Tf" of TlT us" fH* 1 1 . . CO CO CO eo CO CO OJ u? CC 1 © cc o © o © CO o OJ o a ^ c o X. © 00 eo 00 Tf Cv c G o 9 © o lO © I-. © U ! <£ r- © .;.' o o CO 00 00 © © , o oc m ri IS io_ © eo © cS_ is 1 oo co is rA j is IS o" of Tf ©" CD MD Tt © ^~ 1 H rH Ol CO 01 CM s ' ir CO 9 © © © © ri © CC 1 © OJ © IS Ol eo a | c c o © © lO i-H CO OJ 1 o- © CO eo © to o o. S c o O 1— l> Tf 1 O Tf 1 Tj. OJ us © CC c o © "fa. rH ri IS CJ eo CJ 1 c^ 1 IO CO IS 00 US c u: Tf CO © CO CO is t> lO to OS © t» © u- © a Ir^ AS CJ eo n CJ l fc- o US US cc oc I- t- i-H 1 °° of 1 a oo" IO Is us CO us CC u- co ri CJ OJ CO us i> Is © "* IT r u ""' cj . • Cl oo 1 © ■ Tj Tf © is Is T« ^ a 5 5 © c ri eo IO © OJ Ol © CO l> ■— C o s co © 1 CO 1 u CO us eo Ol ■* CO Tt c 1 c © OOOO 1 S? c 1 c © © o eo © «r 1 ^* c-- US CJ O 00 © o OJ US u- oc © Ci iQ •o 1 **" o o 1- © © cc Ol r- -* j3 tJ* uf IS CO co" © C iT Tf is 'H 1-1 CJ oi OJ OJ CO eo CO c Is eo OJ © . CO © 00 i oo us US © © eo CO 1 c c 1 © c o © OJ CJ OJ CO Cl — © Tf i-O c- I OJ OJ o © CO o c c Ph 00 Ol © 1 OS CO t- c. CC 1 T* 1 c o iS £ CO ci i~ © © © © i IT 1 n ©CM Tf © o eo O oj eo ! © © ©" OJ of cr 04 OJ OJ CO CO eo eo CJ Tf cr <c ( Tf >< I \ 1 CO -*f © Tf 1 © CO TT 1-^ N CQ OJ . us Tt c c © 4 J-~ i~- CJ © 00 © c 0 00 OJ OJ OJ © r- C c O O n OCT co ir I a o is IS © oc c c © ra Tf Is 00 ** 1 ri © c oc CO eo © Tf CO © IS o a OJ -* 00 I-H US V IO 00 © U" i cc o ce? © CO 1 0C OS 0J © Si t- 1 © u © Ph CJ is u- fl^ lO 00 © o cs « 00 Cl) 1 "tf Tf CO Irs to 25 -o I5 t-. CO . - oo io 1 CO O t> IS © o CJ CO © c 1 c © M I-H © co GO c S o O -f ri 1 iO i~- &■ 1 c >o r- OJ c © 1 cj" co r- CO is CO OP © c | a> tr-O CO © c CO «* © US © U" © ^ r- OJ 00 © ■ cc 00 eo 1 co" r-cc 1 Ci" Is © ttH CO © OJ u- o- o 00 CJ C" cc © © © CO c o. 0" CO CJ j CN Ol CO CO CO so CO C" O" 1 °* OJ co io ri io 1 Is" Ol o 1 rH ta TH O ■M © !X c c o iO IO t!" ri © CJ ci- U CJ © US © OJ OJ T c c o -JHTUN 1 © © IT 1 ri us © © c c © p t-h -*■ cj eo 3 -r C u co © © *dT ©" CC CT ** r-" © © c CC OJ CJ CO o 5 a —i O —i o 1 CO c/i cc CT o © CO *T- c c DQ n co is. C a I CO us o TH 00 oo" Ol I> c © OJ OJ Tf C" t> Cl O ri c CC c 1 1 r? " OJ OJ -1 Ol o O- rH • CO © t- © C£ 1 ta ^ OJ -t © o c s © H«lC o cc rrV 1 CJ 1-— CO tr- c c © Tf 00 cc © cc 1 *"" 1 oo cr. CO ■* eo Tjt c c © ri © Tf IS Ol ©"c I tc 00 © © © Q ■^ iT US TJ HHCC ci ei" 1 "C t> us CO © a c © CD © CJ rH CO CO tf - 1 t O us © o Tf c 5 OJ OJ o © of of is *•* o" © CO CO c ec I-H Ol CO © I-H I> c I >o 1S CO us o E IS © 1 * CO IS Is © CC Tf 00 00 © t- OI tr-C CC 00 o IS . 00 CO w c c o 1 © © X P* © © CO Ol Tf © j> c c o © io O © OJ US if CO o OJ OJ us u- c c o eo © © ri © Tf OC ec co" © us o CT tJ © CJ IS 1^ Tf T* CX •> © 04 5 © c<* -) IS rH CO CJ CO © © I- I- a iO o US o OJ CO o c Tf oj eo o © OJ T* cc is" of o Tf © CC CC a ©" n -Hi 1 to cc K © CO o p 0 Cf Tf o a © CO co © Tf cc c CO d o CO ci OJ CO Cl OJ CO 0J ic 0- ef o. OJ OJ rt p © © © as © © a o: c © _£ " » a? of - » w" O 9 i 15 "eS "3 "3 *c3 *3 t "e 1 % "E c G c -3 s 43 ■4- C o q O o o o C c ( o 3 0 -bi ■o •rt •o TJ T) T) T T. T -a *«3 a P a a a S c 1= e c c pU el cd ci d g a? ei t < ri HJ s*J»- O c fH u tH ri C (. o o &p H 13 J fr o O o CJ o 0 G c C O &H o hj o *r So<*? CJ c o t c e t.« C -- u ■J a t> FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 27 Logging Inspection. Operations. , Forest District. Timber-sales. Hand-loggers' Licences. Leases, Licences, Crown Grants, and Pre-emptions. Totals. No. of Inspections. 75 217 121 622 339 288 '90 2 54 176 216 300 487 442 129 393 337 912 826 732 266 Kamloops Prince Rupert 920 654 1,842 2,831 2,456 Totals, 1931 1,662 92 100 1,675 3,329 8,969 Totals, 1930 1,932 1,862 3,894 8,859 Totals, 1929 1,907 99 2,002 4,008 9,512 Totals, 1928 1,623 60 2,023 3,690 9,596 Totals, 1927 1,684 133 1,873 8,590 8,661 Totals, 1926 1,475 1,262 84 1,921 3,453 7,921 Totals, 1926 54 1,730 3,046 7,321 Totals, 1924 1,245 69 1,863 3,167 7,466 Totals, 1923 1,010 166 2,140 3,316 6,892 Totals, 1922 914 169 186 1,579 2,653 4,654 Totals, 1921 691 1,331 2,208 2,796 4,053 Totals, 1920 606 220 1,961 2,703 Trespasses. Forest District. No. of Cases. Areas cut over (Acres). Quantity CUT. 3 S ai t. QJ rH 04 1 HH Oi oca 6 trc fc.S Amount. Feet B.M. Lineal Feet. Cords. Ties. 2 11 12 8 35 16 4 55 26 22 237 53 12,521 94,000 35,467 110,862 125,662 1,200,953 5,060 2,866 7,050 100,293 3,435 "82 350 616 100 1,296 1,255 4,185 2,6i0 3,089 i i $ 7 91 Fort George Prince Rupert 316 31 193 73 636 41 2,751 S8 1,727 44 Totals, 1931 84 96 99 397 1,579,465 969,351 118,704 1,048 12,425 2 S 5,633 68 Totals, 1930 1,000 165,729 1,457 9,612 4 * 7,534 01 Totals, 1929 370 984,309 88,997 669 5,906 9 $ 5,431 07 Totals, 1928 105 878 5,867,052 98,279 4,713 16,599' 12 $17,787 10 Totals, 1927 83 84 399 2,290,926 1,972,843 47,871 2,862 9,660 9 6 $ 9,097 53 Totals, 1926 541 645 144,357 433 10,233 $ 9,457 64 Totals, 1925 87 3,486,609 98,456 1,563 16,820 4 $14,534 94 Totals, 1921 68 570 2,182,808 54,068 767 7,646 20,082 27,022 2 8 $ 8,539 86 Totals, 1923 105 1,015 1,059 6,712,868 121,202 1,598 2,591 $27,860 08 Totals, 1922 98 3,002,881 3,222,673 98,903 16 816,406 30 Totals, 1921 98 1,938 209,395 1,639 21,605 10 $15,924 22 Totals, 1920 73 1,788 4,904,079 104,048 1,882 6,716 10 $17,119 85 V 2S DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Pre-emption Inspection Records, 1931. Pre-emption records examined by districts are:—• Cariboo 407 Southern Interior 225 Fort George 422 Vancouver 303 Kamloops 128 Prince Rupert 332 Total 1,817 Areas cruised for Timber-sales. Forest District. Number cruised. Acreage. Saw-timber (M.B.M.). Poles and Piles (Lineal Feet). Shingle-bolts and Cordwood (Cords). Railway- ties (No.). Car Stakes & Posts (No.). Cariboo 35 68 90 188 195 242 3,609 14,796 12,935 29,898 40,950 43,028 4,704 19,540 10,426 84,249 43,126 135,780 7,000 224,660 483,410 944,115 372,691 597,178 530 1,040 11,439 2,600 17,562 29,509 61,424 85,453 86,458 190,480 245,468 5,150 3,200 6,500 132,700 Totals, 1931 818 145,214 297,826 2,629,054 10,345,822 62,680 664,413 142,400 Totals, 1930 943 1,061 197,085 214,874 233,889 225,191 526,261 500,420 26,431 17,629 731,640 1,305,110 2,056,604 620,100 Totals, 1929 13,043,603 185,740 Totals, 1928 1,111 844 754,095 974,626 9,623,599 7,092,844 43,266 447,630 Totals, 1927 21,027 1,747 441 35,600 Totals, 1926 819 142,515 369,717 353,225 4,236,881 9,113,052 15,248 1,299,826 1,389,604 1,873,954 20,200 Totals, 1925 819 119,436 57,441 14,477 Totals, 1924 942 179,609 451,476 8,465,924 41,554 Timber Sales awarded by Districts, 1931. Forest District. Cariboo Kamloops Fort George Southern Interior .... Prince Rupert Vancouver Totals, 1931. Totals, 1930... Totals, 1929... Totals, 1928... Totals, 1927... Totals, 1926... Totals, 1925... Totals, 1924... Totals, 1923... Totals, 1922... Totals, 1921... Totals, 1920... Totals, 1919... Totals, 1918... Totals, 1917... Totals, 1916.. No. of Sales. 45 86 99 237 165 210 842 866 1,033 821 687 613 769 852 671 531 356 227 Acreage. 4,902 13,667 22,037 43,832 24,967 44,914 23,318 Saw-timber (Ft. B.M.). 3,232,000 6,624,000 11,739,000 78,660,000 31,132,000 39,118 86,087,000 148,523 217,474,000 162,043 199,485,000 216,222.28 691,973,000 194,929.37 525,250,760 258,097.26 1,611,612,079 118,815.23 295,486,743 94,015.25 146,652 189,022,314 302,813,267 163,464 516,397,438 108,501 249,572,808 91,614 188,971,774 121,690 440,649,765 61,809 245,209,300 34,257 159,659,000 240,307,057 136,345,000 Poles and Piling (Lineal Feet). 546,946 203,900 571,016 773,000 177,220 9,963,164 9,356,837 1,537,002 7,332,939 5,497,707 6,629,449 6,336,071 6,234,342 2,811,095 2,8 1,000 378,080 1,517,450 435,810 No. of Posts. 72,000 4,200 89,600 7,500 173,300 398,150 374,065 880,000 736,100 207,190 5,000 20,000 40,000 No. of Cords. 2,071 6,857 962 8,205 2,705 20,232 41,032 19,997 23,197 48,728 22,057. 13,455 40,334 47,640 23,150 41,580 6,726 52,557 18,478 43,756 26,666 53,154 71,636 101,704 216,837 167,179 5,650 606,160 494,202 1,505,951 1,996,457 1,380,553 1,044,999 566,142 2,418,633 2,304,161 880,307 993,417 6,415,349 957,804 701,654 381,200 92,000 Estimated Revenue. 35, 41. 212 94. 231. 918 68 027 32 029 41 786 24 317 41 517 21 1,596 27 1,481 29 $1,908,100 70 $1,344,273 93 $2,666. $1,038. 678 32 536 69 $ 795,802 20 ,460 87 970 84 888 49 487 65 039 03 372 09 $ 380,408 33 $ 483,281 50 $ 259,766 12 $1,226. $1,513, $ 862, $ 646, $1,799, $ 654, FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 29 Average Sale Price by Species. Figures for 1931. Figures for 1930. Figures for 1929. Figures for 1928. Saw-timber. Board-feet. Price per M. Board-feet. Price Per M. Board-feet. Price Per M. Board-feet. Price per M. 48,265,000 17,509,000 63,409,000 41,083,000 16,038,000 4,006,000 11,457,000 5,538,000 7,839,000 •215,144,000 $1 39 1 50 1 24 84 89 1 78 1 47 1 68 1 00 55,490,000 21,558,000 35,082,000 37,972,000 17,973,000 4,709,000 7,132,000 5,501,000 5,075,000 $1 52- l 46 1 48 91 89 2 39 1 74 1 05 68 $1 32 100,886,000 69,142,000 306,370,000 70,737,000 26,622,000 8,229,000 8,949,000 5,547,000 7,277,000 $1 65 1 62 1 25 82 80 2 44 1 47 1 01 97 $1 29 55,958,000 48,565,266 110,797,541 49,423,655 26,034,838 4,553,000 9,316,780 6,448,800 9,917,880 $1 51 1 61 1 65 85 83 2 98 1 77 1 23 1 09 $1 22 tl90,492,000 {593,759,000 §321,015,760 $1 40 * Notk.—2,330,000 board-feet pulp saw-timber not included in 1931 totals, f Note. —8,993,000 board-feet pulp saw-timber not included in 1930 totals. X Note.—98,214,000 board-feet pulp saw-timber not included in 1929 totals. § Note.—204,335,000 board-feet pulp saw-timber not included in 1928 totals. Timber cut from Timber-sales during 1931. Forest District. Feet B.M. Lineal Feet. Cords. Ties. Posts. 1,866,074 1,990,194 13,356,806 31,443,216 50,190,588 78,325,888 177,172,765 543.00 586.00 676.00 5,284.01 618.08 7,792.11 60,695 62,510 132,433 171,341 224,233 20,908 662,120 1,779,683 348,746 1,176,954 1,996,919 394,850 7,611 7,500 225,278 13,156 2,000 Totals, 1931 5,697,152 15,499.20 255,546 Totals, 1930 227,019,617 11,960,055 17,176.17 24,663.46 24,389.35 27,508.64 16,676.45 20,808.14 17,294.00 1,341,426 388,749 Totals, 1929 266,016,942 7,966,223 1,554,870 1,714,709 1,359,902 332,038 Totals, 1928 203,208,331 7,672,294 Totals, 1927 214,209,921 6,368,269 4,974,620 242,973,524 251,141,398 230,148,575 207,473,848 187,217,151 1,198,922 83,763 4,885,352 4,541,371 2,753,532 1,077,414 Totals, 1924 1,543,915 856,628 Totals, 1923 17,666.55 37,345.91 10,483.00 17,703.00 Totals, 1922 1,623,744 495,672 Totals, 1921 179,780,056 2,169,550 831,423 654,829 168,783,812 107,701,950 1,638,549 672,699 Totals, 1919 12,208.00 573,286 Totals, 1918 113,927,610 99,078,832 499,589 15,539.00 146,807 Totals, 1917 545,429 225,799 14,862.00 8,425.00 34,937 Totals, 1916 63,056,102 V 30 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Saw and Shingle Mills of the Province. Operating. Shut Down. Sawmills. Shingle-mills. Sawmills. Shingle-mills. Forest District. o" fr, >. 'o If lis 35=305 BBS 90 801 674 403 1,733 6,566 d -la" If" HQa3 "40 7,430 0 '0 rH « S s '•3 = « 75 20 148 777 538 2,551 4,109 3,204 2,200 2,459 2,549 1,675 d ir. "3 -H rH tf a "So* J-bg1 %3'S warn 22 35 38 17 83 139 i 45 19 1 14 24 21 79 i 1 17 200 40 1,631 Totals, 1931 334 10,167 11,020 11,896 11,919 12,176 46 7,470 7,164 7,881 8,280 12,042 158 19 17 1,871 Totals, 1930 301 43 141 1,695 Totals, 1929 354 53 95 15 1,726 Totals, 1928 314 56 120 15 2,710 Totals, 1927 375 65 110 22 2,740 Totals, 1926 391 12,962 11,475 11,986 11,273 87 15,614 15,322 15,636 102 6 460 Totals, 1925 363 82 109 2,121 2,618 9 625 Totals, 1924 359 78 103 20 16 1,780 Totals, 1923 352 107 16,144 15,544 10,885 72 1,493 745 Totals, 1922 292 9,683 8,912 10,729 108 90 2,054 2,029 909 8 680 Totals, 1921 289 79 78 6 788 Totals, 1920 341 109 13,426 37 2 30 Export of Logs. (In F.B.M.) Species. Grade No. 1. Grade No. 2. Grade No. 3. Ungraded. Totals. Fir 5,595,346 7,278,893 11,948 80,900,923 24,805,315 321,582 33,719,688 17,119,225 334,377 120,215,957 49,203,433 667,907 43,183,743 3,437,718 1,407,873 1,019,086 43,183,743 3,437,718 1,407,873 1,019,086 303,774 736,671 1,040,445 Totals, 1931 12,886,187 106,331,594 51,909,961 40,147,841 60,002,711 49,048,420 31,696,715 220,176,162 Totals, 1930 .». 11,571,481 86,502,990 172,919,027 Totals, 1929 13,015,146 20,663,249 36,545,972 32,195,991 34,501,748 23,416,816 133,997,595 106,084,161 29,978,125 37,305,398 236,993,577 Totals, 1928 47,994,423 51,584,928 53,113,521 40,312,806 49,549,135 211,947,231 Totals, 1927 144,942,558 48,510,833 281,584,291 Totals, 1926 105,322,879 33,845,324 224,477,715 Totals, 1925 96,701,737 111,801,016 38,901,670 210,417,961 Totals, 1924 65,763,860 240,530,827 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931, V 31 Shipments of Poles, Piling, Mine-props, Fence-posts, Railway-ties, etc. Forest District. Quantity exported. Approximate Value, F.O.B. Where marketed. United States. Canada. Japan. Kamloops— Poles and piling lineal ft. Railway-ties No. Fort George— 1,454,594 45 1,351 485,150 176 238,757 1,137,284 4,921 274,139 5,772,460 303 5,402 4,779,962 4,598 4,819 548,329 $179,365 258 675 63,069 1,056 119,038 151,408 816 138,053 750,419 1,214 43,217 701,804 50,578 40,961 301,580 1,311,920 284,635 1,053,839 5,271,137 183 5,266 3,849,892 1,835 142,674 45 1,351 200,515 176 238,757 83,445 4,921 274,139 501,323 120 137 930,070 4,598 2,984 548,329 Prince Rupert— Poles and piling lineal ft. Vancouver- Southern Interior— Railway-ties No. Total value, 1931 $2,543,511 Total value, 1930 $4,945,445 TIMBER-MARKING. Timber-marks issued for the Years 1929, 1930, and 1931. 1929. 1930. 1931. Old Crown grants 108 90 94 Crown grants, 1887-1906 120 84 40 Crown grants, 1906-1914 121 97 86 Section 53a, " Forest Act" 290 212 188 Stumpage reservations 35 90 72 Pre-emptions under sections 2S and 29, " Land Act " 13 16 10 Dominion lands 30 26 Permit berths .... 38 Timber berths 9 13 21 Indian reserves 7 8 7 Timber-sales 974 866 842 Hand-loggers 9 11 6 Special marks Rights-of-way 4 1 Pulp licences 9 14 Totals 1,729 1,515 Transfers and changes of marks 238 242 Hand-loggers' Licences. 1929. 1930. 1931. Number issued 51 64 38 V 32 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Draughting Office, Forest Branch. Number of Tracings made. Blue-prints Month. Timber- sales. Timber- marks. Examination Sketches. Hand-logger -Licences. Timber- berths. Miscellaneous. Totals. from Reference Maps. 31 24 41 25 18 14 17 12 5 13 19 36 133 151 13S 67 52 61 29 35 16 39 36 29 165 76 141 33 39 45 38 39 30 35 42 28 "2 1 15 4 3 "3 "4 3 2 37 7 8 1 10 24 88 48 43 79 103 53 31 4 10 22 7 10 10 6 19 9 14 13 12 340 271 344 157 147 221 138 151 139 208 166 138 6 1 44 May June 1 29 1 August October . 79 69 13 3 8 Totals 255 786 711 495 136 2,420 254 In addition to the above 44 Index Sheets were prepared of the Railway Belt. CROWN-GRANT TIMBER LANDS. Area of Private Average Timber Lands Value (Acres). per Acre. 1919 883,491 $9.48 1920 867,921 11.62 1921 845,111 10.33 1922 887,980 11.99 1923 883,344 11.62 1924 654,668 15.22 1925 , 654,016 40.61 1926 688,372 39.77 1927 690,438 39.01 1928 ! 671,131 38.62 1929 644,011 38.41 1930 629,156 44.74 1931 : 602,086 43.77 The extent and value of timber land in the various assessment districts are shown by the following table:— Assessment District. Alberni Comox ....' Cowichan Fort Steele Galiano Island Golden Kettle River... Nanaimo Nelson Fort George... Prince Rupert Revelstoke Slocan Vancouver Victoria Totals. Acreage, 1931. 86,480 120,108 69,318 36,610 328 33,368 9,673 79,238 7,449 13,460 19,841 37,201 60,445 1,881 26,686 602,086 Increase or Decrease in Acreage over 1930. 5,624 10,392 3,275 557 h 60 40 - 1,299 * 240 627 - 1,588 - 27,070 Average Value per Acre. $67 73 63 83 78 02 10 02 14 99 9 56 7 46 57 22 9 49 19 64 21 96 15 24 10 82 95 22 42 40 $43 77 Change in Value per Acre since 1930. +$ 0 10 - 0 61 - 1 59 - 3 35 + 0 01 0 03 0 09 0 08 0 19 0 01 0 05 23 50 2 57 ! 0 97 No change. FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 33 FOREST REVENUE. Timber-licence rentals Timber-licence transfer fees Timber-licence penalty fees Hand-loggers' licence fees Timber-lease rentals Penalty fees and interest Timber-sale rentals Timber-sale stumpage : Timber-sale cruising Timber-sale advertising Timber royalty and tax Scaling fees (not Scaling Fund) Scaling expenses (not Scaling Fund).. Trespass penalties Scalers' examination fees Exchange Seizure expenses General miscellaneous Timber-berth rentals and bonus Interest on timber-berth rentals and bonus Transfer fees on timber berths Royalty interest Grazing fees Taxation, Crown-grant timber lands.. Total revenue from forest sources 12 Months to 12 Months to 12 Months to 12 Months to 12 Months to 12 Months to Dec. 31st, 1931. Dec. 31st, 1930. Dec. 31st, 1929. Dec. 31st, 1928. Dec. 31st, 1927. Dec. 31st, 1926. $721,931 98 $854,660 87 $931,545 72 $1,015,705 19 $892,914 98 $1,063,812 90 1,330 00 2,180 00 1,775 00 4,285 00 2,000 00 2,400 00 20,632 72 27.861 53 23,245 73 33,036 56 27,639 13 32,549 14 950 00 1,575 00 1,300 00 1,400 00 1,275 00 2,250 00 78,202 93 72,117 52 79,873 89 79,396 72 95,236 93 90,010 89 944 24 607 44 901 43 520 70 88 93 254 91 11,675 17 35,035 94 30,162 64 40,649 01 32,494 57 20,537 75 454,391 36 518,309 48 634,048 95 551,102 88 608,765 14 572,324 74 6,722 83 7,566 12 12,844 92 10,943 97 10,936 58 7,173 84 771 55 1,256 69 1,951 28 1,646 65 1,681 85 1,498 82 1,218,363 02 1,456,330 42 1,688,803 67 1,774,417 41 1,825,909 80 1,779,553 60 911 07 1,204 07 1,407 92 1,147 84 1,778 02 1,344 75 24 94 150 01 191 74 103 74 156 75 98 17 3,686 89 5,825 68 9,161 16 12,058 89 6,481 83 11,677 12 175 00 105 00 320 00 275 00 235 00 350 00 171 23 591 70 1,711 29 271 09 345 16 693 04 1,367 72 1,406 64 3,152 88 589 71 703 90 300 60 4,495 07 4,137 56 2,754 36 4,444 25 3,767 83 3,661 95 33,295 42 688 97 63 84 1,136 04 $2,560,931 99 $2,990,820 67 $3,425,152 58 $3,531,993 61 $3,602,411 40 $3,590,482 12 15,411 46 12,251 8S 10,918 49 12,541 98 16,529 20 12,328 54 397,523 73 422,274 04 $3,425,346 59 375,923 32 388,860 46 424,023 04 410,684 46 $2,973,867 18 $3,811,994 39 $3,933,396 05 $4,042,963 64 $4,013,495 12 Revenue from Logging Operations, 1931. (Amounts charged.) Royalty and Tax. Trespass Penalties. Seizure Expenses. Government Scale. Scaling Fund. Stumpage. Forest District. Scaling Expenses. Scaling Fees. Scaling Expenses. Scaling Fees. Total. Vancouver .... Prince Rupert. Southern Int'r. Fort George ... $ 828,748 25 3,429 08 91,870 42 137,598 63 36,837 09 41,799 31 $1,708 02 672 84 1,864 96 517 20 187 53 $ 56 10 385 00 24 25 529 52 $ 40 00 2 20 $ 694 09 37 77 350 21 10 00 $16,088 23 355 95 $ 77,467 69 5,620 34 $132,170 66 4,807 63 118,833 23 90,545 85 41,761 48 37,859 21 $1,056,963 04 8,236 71 217,777 75 230,383 90 79,655 29 79,846 05 Totals $1,140,282 78 $ 4,950 65 $ 6,799 66 $ 994 87 $ 42 20 $1,092 07 $1,266 33 $1,215 22 $1,194 89 $2,032 43 $1,147 41 $16,444 18 $21,644 46 $22,127 43 $20,277 64 $17,169 14 $17,279 88 $ 83,078 03 $425,978 06 $1,672,862 74 Totals, 1930 $1,460,367 16 $1,601 76 $ 140 57 $ 175 83 $106,553 34 $638,023 79 $2,236,396 07 Totals, 1929 $1,851,535 62 $1,794,819 93 $ 4,191 84 $1,555 56 $2,103 57 $ 789 47 $1,142 38 $118,481 18 $711,213 82 $2,710,496 50 Totals, 1928 $20,867 17 $ 7,343 44 $ 1,589 83 $ 156 58 $ 163 57 $ 98 34 $123,169 81 $114,979 79 $635,292 44 $2,597,882 03 Totals, 1927 $1,767,710 60 $1,774,494 76 $631,948 72 $2,542,137 16 Totals, 1926 $119,704 75 $613,365 09 $2,528,822 43 Totals, 1925 $1,754,605 06 $59,804 57 $ 913 29 $ 197 08 $1,254 80 $18,794 39 $116,682 68 $651,486 17 $2,603,738 04 FOREST EXPENDITURES, FISCAL YEAR 1930-31. Headquarters .... Cariboo Kamloops Fort George Prince Rupert.... Southern Interior. Vancouver Totals. Forest District. $101,178 69 9,213 70 11,430 06 17,342 87 23,173 14 46,462 01 63,675 05 $262,475 52 Temporary Assistance. $ 533 55 158 05 120 00 871 50 835 64 1,098 93 544 04 $4,161 71 Expenses. $ 21,748 24 7,175 82 9,374 31 8,099 89 21,270 32 25,422 11 35,553 07 '$128,343 76 Total. Lumber-trade extension (includes $8,000, Special Warrant 12, for trade extension campaign in Australia) Reconnaissance, etc Insect-control Grazing: range improvement Grazing : inquiry Grand total * Includes $272.69 from Vote No. 133 Incidentals and Contingencies. 3 $123,460 48 16,547 57 20,924 37 26,314 26 45,279 10 72,983 05 89,472 16 $394,980 99 26,873 40 42,221 21 4,814 90 7,078 64 1,089 40 $477,058 54 V 34 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. SCALING FUND. Balance brought down, April 1st, 1930 $25,611.04 Expenditure, fiscal year 1930-31 128,359.26 Charges, fiscal year 1930-31 $127,087.26 Balance, March 31st, 1931 26,883.04 $153,970.30 $153,970.30 Balance brought down, April 1st, 1931 $26,883.04 Expenditure, 9 months, April-December, 1931 88,139.35 Charges, 9 months, April-December, 1931 $74,403.75 Balance, December 31st, 1931 40,618.64 $115,022.39 $115,022.39 FOREST RESERVE ACCOUNT. Balance brought forward, April 1st, 1930 $36,942.44 Amount received from Treasury, April 1st, 1930 68,030.43 Moneys received under subsection (4), section 30 (a) 1,087.55 Expenditure, fiscal year 1930-31 $71,336.15 Balance, March 31st, 1931 34,724.27 $106,060.42 $106,060.42 Balance brought forward, April 1st, 1931 $34,724.27 Amount received from Treasury, April 1st, 1931 57,023.85 Moneys received under subsection (4), section 30 (a) 537.52 Expenditure, 9 months to December 31st, 1931 $60,110.48 Balance, December 31st, 1931 32,175.16 $92,285.64 $92,285.64 FOREST PROTECTION FUND. The following statement shows the standing of the Forest Protection Fund as of December 31st, 1931 :— Balance (deficit), April 1st, 1930 $546,045.35 Expenditure, fiscal year 1930-31 947,541.39 Collections, fiscal year 1930-31 $213,270.76 Collections under special levy 148,353.87 Government contribution 480,000.00 $1,493,586.74 841,624.63 Balance (deficit) $651,962.11 Balance (deficit), April 1st, 1931 $651,962.11 Expenditure, 9 months (April-December, 1931) $592,175.56 Less refunds 30,024.84 562,150.72 Collections, April-December, 1931 $157,380.06 Collections, special levy, April-December, 1931 8,288.04 Government contribution 360,000.00 Government special levy 360,000.00 $1,214,112.83 885,668.10 Balance (deficit) $328,444.73 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 35 There is an amount of approximately $47,000 repayable by Forest Protection Fund to Vote 114 to cover expenses of permanent employees, maintenance of motor-cars and launches, etc., also $85,500 to cover proportion of salaries of Rangers, etc., payable by the fund. Forest Protection Fund Expenditure. FlSCAI Years. 1923-24. 1924-25. 1925-26. 1926-27. 1927-28. 1928-29. 1929-30. 1930-31. Patrols and fire pre- $254,792 81,408 75,503 21,667 $433,370 $334,532 25,418 258,034 5,690 $377,427 33,976 650,138 11,890 $1,073,431 $356,462 30,663 514,845 14,172 $358,835 30,409 84,600 22,482 $407,790 94 31,258 82 75,221 43 33,428 67 $373,416 71 45,401 56 494,645 42 22,570 79 $422,464 92 Tools and equipment. Improvemen ts and 41,735 46 466,133 17 40,152 48 Totals $633,674 $916,142 $496,326 $547,699 86 $936,034 48 $970,486 03 Expenditure by Districts for Twelve Months ended March 31st, 1931. Forest District. Cariboo Kamloops Fort George Prince Rupert .. Southern Interior Vancouver Victoria Totals... Patrols and Fire- prevention $ 25,688 45 37,337 85 35,307 75 28,985 37 122,580 96 129,488 99 43,075 55 $422,464 92 Tools and Equipment. $ 2,348 46 2,633 25 4,207 18 1,990 19 16,632 11 11,445 50 2,478 77 $41,735 46 ! 26,191 86 8,818 22 39,720 58 74,086 45 246,544 27 70,771 79 $466,133 17 Improvements and Maintenance. $2,532 13 6,263 05 10,735 05 1,054 01 13,375 19 6,193 05 $40,152 48 | 66,760 90 55,052 37 89,970 56 106,116 02 399,132 53 217,899 33 45,554 32 $970,486 03 FOREST PROTECTION. Each year settlers are encouraged to burn their slash early in the spring so that the fires will be extinguished before May 1st, when the close season for burning begins. Before this date there is rarely any hazard, and such exceptions are confined to limited sections of the Province. The year 1931 witnessed a high hazard over the whole Province, beginning about April 20th. No one expected such a condition, and clearing fires which in other years give no concern, went out of control in all districts and the Service was obliged to given attention to 276 fires in April, nearly all of which were escaped clearing fires. May and June were normal months. July and August were about average for most of the Province, but an extremely hazardous condition developed in an area enveloping East Kootenay in British Columbia and the adjacent States of Idaho and Montana. At Cranbrook and Fernie spring rains were light and ceased on June 19th. No rain fell there until July 12th, when very light showers occurred. From that date until September 3rd there was no precipitation. From July 5th to September 6th, humidity was less than 35 per cent, for 521 hours, or an average of about eight hours per day. In addition, during the whole period strong south-west winds were prevalent and almost every afternoon increased to 30 or 40 miles per hour. As a result fires spread to an unprecedented size for that section of the Province. Five fires in this district burned over a total of 310,350 acres, or 31 per cent, of the total burned area for the Province. One fire spread north-easterly from Elko into Alberta, a distance of 35 miles, where high parallel mountain ranges run north and south. Fierce fires would develop in the V-shaped valleys facing south-westerly and, driven by the wind, would throw live embers unprecedented distances, developing new fires, only to repeat the performance on the following day. This condition was, of course, reflected in the statistics for cost and damage as well as acreage. In order to conserve funds, instructions were issued at the beginning of the fire season that, where a fire was not caught and controlled in its incipient stage, field officers must give consideration to the values protected, and that intensive fighting should not be undertaken to protect stands of low value belonging to the Crown. The fires caught and controlled under 10 acres totalled 1,832 or 73 per cent, of the total recorded for the year. The acquisition of the Railway Belt has affected all statistics to an appreciable extent. The net area under patrol has been increased by about 18 per cent, and the area involved is subject to the average hazard of the Province. For some years it has been our custom to obtain from the Dominion their statistics and publish these as a separate item at the bottom of each table. They are now included in the statistical table itself, which should be read with this in mind. Hazard Reduction. The hazard from accumulations of logging-slash was abated by the burning of the debris on 77,193 acres. The logging operators on major operations burned over 13,882 acres in intentional slash fires, and 6,315 acres in small lots were burned under permit during the closed season. Accidental'fires throughout the season destroyed 56,996 acres, which we were desirous of having burned. Permits for destroying road slash were given to the Public Works Department and 1,592 acres were burned over by them under the authority of 210 separate permits. The railway companies took advantage of favourable burning weather in the fall to clear up accumulated debris along their tracks. The construction of the Trans-Canada telephone-line was accompanied by the creation of considerable slash, which has been for the most part satisfactorily disposed of by the construction crews. Fire Detection. Standard lookout buildings were erected on Black Mountain in the Prince Rupert District and on Sugar and Snow Mountains in the Southern Interior District, and a point in the Vancouver District on Sumas Mountain was partially developed and tested as a lookout-site. The permanent lookouts now developed total thirty-five, including one steel tower. These give constant supervision over the more hazardous areas throughout the Province, but they must be considerably increased before the whole forest area is under observation. In addition, thirty-five secondary and temporary lookouts were used by Forest Branch patrols. These are equipped only with a tent or a small cabin and an oriented map and alidade for locating fires. Patrols use these points to get a view over the country to see if any fires are within range. Cause of Fire. It is to be noted that the number of lightning-fires was considerably reduced. This may be taken as some criterion of the weather hazard. On the other hand, incendiarism was responsible for more than double the normal number of fires. Several prosecutions were brought in this connection and gaol sentences totalling twelve years imposed. Fire-suppression Equipment. This Service, as well as the logging operators, has felt for some time that there was room for improvement in forest-fire pumps. Since pumps were first used in British Columbia there has been a steady progression in reducing weight and increasing capacities of these pumps, until it is feared that dependability has been sacrificed to portability. Certainly, in some of the later developments, nothing more could be desired in the matter of weight when complete units are on the market as light as 40 lb. Attention has recently been directed to the possibilities of utilizing engines of the small motor-car type. These engines have been altered for marine or electrical service and are available without starter or generator, but with high-tension magneto and governor added. This makes an ideal power plant, weighing about 135 lb., and is just as dependable as a car. Starting with one of these engines, the Forest Service has had designed a four-stage centrifugal pump and mounted the whole on a cast aluminium base. The assembly weighs FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 37 about 220 lb. Twenty-five hours of test running seems to justify all expectations for the unit, which promises to give more reliable service over a much longer running-life than is possible to secure from the very light outfits. In recent years light smoke-chasers' outfits have been made standard, and although developed particularly for the Southern Interior, their value has been established and their use extended to all parts of the Province. The standard rations, which were developed especially for smoke-chasers' outfits, have been found to be very useful for the first crew sent to fires in outlying districts and for reconnaissance parties, etc. All districts agree in commending the work done by Honorary Fire Wardens; they stress the value of these men as an auxiliary to the regular protection staff. About 1,000 of these appointments are made each year. Fire Occurrences by Months, 1931. Forest District. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. Total. 1 "2 16 33 32 64 100 41 40 42 30 32 126 79 30 83 19 28 141 35 30 195 46 17 239 101 60 181 41 29 359 167 ' ii 7 11 46 13 2 1 '"s 167 547 Fort George Vancouver 178 171 1,019 436 3 276 349 13.86 336 628 827 88 11 2,518 0.13 10.96 13.34 24.94 32.84 3.49 0.44 100.00 Number and Causes of Fires in Province, 1931. Forest District. bi .a bo 01 ti. s O cj u 01 CH O >. 03 c= . rti ti oi 0 as 0J M 00 O rs s s- 9 1 s bo c , £ g n=:2 bi S«'E ti HH 3 a So 20 38 31 46 62 46 oi . 0 to ^'43 ■* ti Ti ■O ?■-£ S-s ti d 01 0 T-frO 5 TJ a Ph ca;3 (3 3 P. O 13 I-i >> a *3 0) 0 48 82 40 29 99 67 ti ti la * a si DO oi 3 d O a 0 c ti 0 ^ ti -LH * ti-C u QJHL. S §> "0 ° 6 208 28 18 201 14 58 66 44 45 172 85 1 57 10 5 190 32 22 69 13 16 216 99 6 7 6 2 11 13 44 "3 3 10 41 57 2 14 1 3 49 27 5 3 5 4 9 22 167 547 178 171 1,019 436 6.63 Kamloops 21.72 7.07 6.79 40.47 17.32 475 470 295 435 243 355 96 48 2,518 100.00 18.87 18.67 11.72 17.28 9.64 1.75 2.26 14.10 3.81 1.90 100.00 V 38 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. O go* < g ■saun°a O Ci 00 CO Cl 00 NHniHiO^ t- - IO - CN • 00 IT— Tf CM -* O IO <£> CO <N i- l- CM iO - o - CM • (M ■ 64 • gfc, si O 23 H 3 -aouiAO.iff ui saai^ SuiqqSu ui rjuads mo£ jo ^uao asa » o © o w >* o o ' 8 • 8 - NOriH©CO rH t- 8 : 8 : 8 : ■sj^noa lO I— CD tO CO 00 dtCHliotON CM lO 00 00 r-l rH t-NOr-OOOO cT to" to" co oT o rH '000 '01® J9A0 ^SOQ . ■ ■ -CO r-t Oi io CO d "* X d rH O T-I IO d •ooo'oiS o% ooo'et <isoo ... C' o COIr- n io d CJ rH d '000'S* 0% OOO'IS ^soo rH tO rH - O O - -^ ri 00 r- iO JO frl COCi Oi 5 rH X rH O lO "000'x$ o^ 001$ isoo -* CO IT- CO r-t rH I-H t- r-l I-H lO IO — fc- S3" CO (N to w CO ro 'OOIS uiim SS3I '4S00 -4tT*HNm«JH CM »0 X IO rH t- CM KiH iO X O X ■"Ico I-H -* _ CO o S Ci o r-X ■-tt N Oi CM •OOUIAOJ^ UI S9JI^ 1.55 13.23 3.93 2.97 28.52 9.45 59.65 61.12 o ; CM " CD ■qou^stq ui saayr I^oj] jo'^ua'o jaj lOODNCdOi CO X to 00 Tt> IO . . 1 . . MomMcc Ol CD »0 ■** 1— iO : : 1 : : ■ok Ci CC Ci IO X 00 CO CO O 1- rH CO CO X- CM <M lO O CO m • rH IO X <N X ri rH CO t— CO iO o CO _j r-3 CO 'X'bx "<T '^ Suiiited ^ou spu'Bi uo pa^euiSuo "X13X "*J 4-1 Suited spu^i pu-e puwi UMOJO qU'BO'GA uo pS'r'BUlSTJO r- r— x i—t Oi co (O tji I— t— i-t CO i-iOHHOt ■J CO 3 ' <D 2 c : tx&w P.OQ3 p r> o o v** fc 5 ooOmSo C S t £ a c ^ s O i- o (i OK&hChCO E> •aouTAOJj ui sajijj TOOK jo ^ua'o «d 5.08 8.50 3.14 3.82 11.95 7.86 o • 8 ■ r— . Ci . r^ ■ eo •^ou^sjd ui saatLri lO tN X ■* tH ri CD t— CO i-t lO -tf CD Ci H< CD Ci lO 1— CO -* iO CM -H ■on: X "*• Ci CO rH X CN r- t- Ci O Ci n <N co n to >a n co °.d n -m CO X X X =°x CO CO Ci CO rH © cm'o cio 1-1 H FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 39 Fires, 1931, classified by Size and Damage. Total Fires. Under J Acre. i Acre to 10 Acres. Over 10 Acres in Extent. Damage. Forest District. II "a OT f 3 frO "3 ot frO *« OT So ti oi 6 in ° £ S.S o « u ^ 01 .3 CM fcl d in *0 OT hJ« ti ti Oi.ti o « , <a oi 3 pT Hr li a. .3 O OT t. £ Ph fcn d in O OT hhO 8 C Oot »- s ai .3 Pnfci fa O OT S.5 Pnfc. d in <M +H 0-OT HiQ ti ti Oi.ti O OT QJ .^ PhS «u, CO °1 q 3 oi—" ?s 5.3 Anfct d o <& t. 01 ■a a 0 O ti v . 01 o £8 V r* o o o^ v> u Oi > o 167 547 178 6.63 21.72 7.07 36 230 70 21.56 42.05 39.32 25.47 3.99 7.75 32 188 53 19.16 34.37 29.78 3.44 20.24 6.70 99 129 55 59.28 23.58 30.90 14.43 18.80 8.02 135 487 156 25 45 16 7 15 6 Prince Rupert. 171 6.79 53 31.00 6.87 42 54.55 4.52 76 44.45 11.08 14S 20 3 Southern Interior 1,019 40.47 339 33.27 37.64 444 43.57 47.80 236 23.16 84.40 896 75 48 Vancouver 436 17.32 100.00 175 40.14 19.38 170 38.99 18.30 91 20.87 13.27 100.00 381 40 15 2,518 100.0 903 35.86 100.00 100.00 929 36.90 100.00 686 27.24 2,203 87.50 221 8.77 94 3.73 Totals, 1930 2,271 100.00 973 724 100.00 574 100.00 2,014 186 71 100.0 42.85 908 31.88 25.27 88.68 8.19 3.13 Totals, 1929 2,188 100.00 100.00 753 100.00 527 100.00 1,918 144 126 100.0 41.50 34.41 24.09 87.67 6.68 5.76 Damage to Property other than Forests, 1931. Forest District. Cariboo Kamloops Fort George Prince Rupert ... Southern Interior Vancouver Totals... Forest Products in Process of Manufacture. % 945 795 639 49,419 39,863 $91,661 Buildings. * 444 3,250 1,785 3,316 61,125 4,675 $74,695 Railway and Logging Equipment. * 500 .500 23,324 77,297 [,621 Miscellaneous. $4,065 590 986 485 46,055 3,247 $55,428 $ 4,509 4,785 4,066 7,940 179,923 125,082 $326,305 Per Cent. of Total. 1.38 1.47 1.25 2.43 55.14 38.33 100.00 V 40 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. O X ri S^ 1 <ri fa CO 05 00 p a « o Es M H as 0 -K 15 . K =2 D Z CC <! J O KI 3 n Eh >§ -S ki ss2 « 2 3 Q J o CU bo CS I Per Cent. 1.99 3.79 2.13 0.64 87.58 3.97 o o O O o o o o O o 8 $ 29,480 56,015 31,449 7,840 1,293,780 58,617 rH O 00 O ?8 1,408,183 100.00 941,738 100.00 -f " a 3 <y oo oi c o t~ os I.HJ NSOOSHOi^i A* § HOOWOW o o 8 S s O o Q O M. Feet n.M. 3,733 14,069 2,047 4,421 180,663 5,240 210,173 100.00 390,978 -100.00 272,024 100.00 01 < Per Cent. 9.03 4.41 4.51 5.20 70.05 6.80 O o o o o 8 O © o o Acres. 89,877 43,954 44,860 51,700 696,923 67,665 cs o I- © Ci ■ Cl Is 8- oo CM O CO • §1 Ci ^ •paujnq CO l— l— — ci to a> r. m"^ ,n'w < •qSvuivq &■ 2,655 77 396 694 2,126 3 rH ca IO CO CO ■ CM CD Ir- O Ol • O X X SI n<=> •B9iy V 53,162 1,850 2,341 15,162 15,660 1,068 eo t- ■■* Ol CM ■ or00 X *nco jC=o M CO iO m • eo ■»* IO X ri tO Ol Ci O O t- O i-h tNOOUD IO O tO io" co" -* -**" -* tjT O Os r-~« H 1-1 COiOXOt-t- iCOOl m CM CO O •**! CO I Ol CO aoHiocoKi co ■ •aSvuivct ^U8S3icX pS^UUirjSJI o& 8,907 28,754 22,910 724 617,873 51,039 S3 CM • t- X CO CO CM -* . CO lO •W rH O - -CM •vaiy o 2,169 10,037 19,368 615 198,368 8,096 (M X CM ri O S"4 Cl rH O CM XT>a a» CM ^J. Oi IO i—1 i« to O iO o ■ CO ■ W3 ■ aSudum^g s& CM CO CO rH Cl CM S=o 0OM !J9^ tO » IO CM ■aiqBAfes M o • jfyi^irenf) grf eo •># '"H CM s« r-i £8 •pai[iil 1-4 tt co" *# CM ■>* 0 io" r-t X §8 11 eo •*iOCO 'M OS O) IO CO 0) Ei Ol • •i3a.iV rH CO rH CM X CO tfg S5'3 <; 1-1 V 42 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Causes, Cost, and Damage, 3931. Damage. Lightning Campers Eailways operating Smokers Brush-burning (not railway-clearing). Road, power, telephone, and telegraph Industrial operations, logging, etc Incendiary Miscellaneous known causes Unknown causes . Totals $76,609 119,202 5,553 40,923 8,458 1,673 11,954 94,329 2,100 6,180 $191,893 915,563 15,637 99,396 43,246 3,805 177,182 339,165 7,844 9,755 $366,981 $1,803,486 I ' Number and Causes of Forest Fires for Last Ten Years. Causes. Lightning Campers Railway operation Railways under construction Smokers Brush-burning (not railway-clearing) Road and power- and telephone-line construction . Industrial operations Incendiary Miscellaneous (known causes) Unknown causes Totals.. 1931. 475 470 295 435 243 44 57 355 96 48 892 344 149 294 171 29 39 262 68 23 2,271 1929. 358 267 9 387 167 22 65 139 100 36 322 274 282 294 149 13 80 103 84 41 2,188 1,642 1,284 512 182 186 163 78 7 60 36 52 19 557 351 376 238 157 14 104 68 126 156 632 426 337 202 14 137 103 150 234 2,147 2,521 307 382 328 302 243 19 134 115 107 237 180 164 12 170 35 71 173 246 626 332 355 22 202 536 2,591 Comparison of Damage caused by Forest Fires in the Last Ten Years. 1931. 1930. 1929. 1928. 1927. 1926. 1925. 1924. 1923. 1922. Total number of fires Area burned (acres) Standing timber destroyed or damaged (M. ft. B.M.). Amount salvable (M.ft.B.M.) Damage to forests Damage to other forms of 2,518 994,979 210,173 41,808 $1,477,181 $ 326,305 2,271 602,676 390,978 25,216 $1,408,18? $ 337,909 2,188 909,620 272,024 107,049 $ 941,738 $ 226,919 1,642 106,977 24,069 9,060 $103,001 $ 95,534 1,284 101,944 86,176 44,834 $141,102 $ 74,606 2,147 659,871 398,694 109,386 $ 930,373 $ 749,891 2,521 1,023,789 1,024,508 350,770 $2,121,672 $ 625,518 2,174 402,214 207,651 102,832 $ 665,078 $ 540,291 1,530 157,601 87,371 37,891 $ 74,238 $617,649 2,591 1,668,585 729,941 117,006 $1,531,300 $ 693,016 Total damage $1,803,486 $1,746,092 $1,168,657 $198,535 $215,708 $1,680,264 $2,747,190 $1,205,369 $691,887 $2,224,316 Prosecutions for Fire Trespass, 1931. a c fl o o o H o "-S "-P "-C cj ■^ b ca o y o r .fc Fines. a <L> » n w-p 02 O &H Si* &H a g 3 '3 a o cS B u o n 3 ?, *4j a 4a O M ll > I"* •-H c o U Oi '•3 £ c 0 Sri -S OH c o O oi 2 1 -o< Cot O QJ 11 > t el hh*o ti ,- OS ti o J3 '$ bo . ti-% IP fl u ti 01 (SCU O ft 9 ti o 9 s rH 1 •ol 5 § ca-- tr°* ■2 ol Ch* i—i •* o o< c"£ O V is* cS ii'o ss be tH o bo .5 Js & ft ft 3 ?* boc 01 -~ ccfe 01 o d a> fl eg rfl ■a V 0i CO 1 2 a tn ■tJ OJ TJ H a> ft GQ cu 1 •3 X 9 3 D s ■3 a 0) ft . 9 D a cd E -s -§ ■§= co 0> a] D Forest District. No. Amount. 1 2 $ 50 00 8 o 4 1 1 4 125 00 3 1 8 ?. 1 4 1 4 100 00 2 2 Southern Interior 10 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 100 00 1 2 3 8 39 3 30 2 4 12 3 4 6 1 o 4 100 00 4 4 — Totals 18 $475 00 13 4 Totals, 1930 30 9 1 16 3 1 1 21 $600 00 3 3 2 1 f Izt =#= Q LJ _J U d < ° * ■r cq z o u. h- o u < 3 I.I Q a: < U CL UI Ct Q U _l _l L. </) o u P U LJ h V <>> " to o o o u o 2 l. a: Cl d co z lj < Q z £ _J < z < S Q _ >. Z fl CD O h Q Z LJ D CO a u LJ Q s 0) / \ o \ CO \ G} 1 <T! W ffl \ \ CO CJ \ <J> \ N OJ \ en / / MD / / OJ , 5? in / cu 1 (31 *t Ol \ 01 \ \ tn \ OJ \ qy / OJ <r> cu en / o n o / o 8 0 o o u (i 0 / o 0 o O o 8 S o o D Iq lo u o o -0 o o o p o o r o 8 o 0 o o o o 10 o o o 01 O O O 5? *fr < u < CJ <* Ld Q -J I.I NUMBER OF FIRES FIRE-FIGHTS COSTS GROSS ARE BURNED OVE AREA OF MERCHANTAB TIMBER KILL FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 45 « a Ph e> fc PS ■3iuua<j ^noqqiA\ }as 89JI.J 6 co eo io ua !•»- oo CM rH O o (M O '[oa^uoo pad-eosa saji^ d fc Ol O CD CO rH CN Ifl ^^ ri ri rHO o • "1 Ol o "d o •J9A0 paiunq uaay 3,631 1,748 6,354 2,199 5,301 15,514 tm © *# o OOO CM O ™d CM O co n •panssi s^iuuaj d fc 668 796 2,680 1,085 1,608 4,760 t-o Ol o -■ O CD O 00 O K o SCh ■^luuaj ^noqiiM^as saai^ •[OJ^uoq pedeosa saai^ ■J9A0 pauanq uaay Oto«om t- Oi i^ co n i-h >C *HH(M •panssi s^iuiaaj • "*• 00 CO -* CO O O CM iO Ol CO CD fc Ph i a- 0 ■^luiaaj ^uoq^iA\ C|as saaij No. "i rH CO Ol '[Oa^uoo pacTeoso saax^r S : : io >o n co -j- Ol *a9A0 pauanq uaay Acres. 17 "io 40 270 337 0.97 266 0.82 ■panssi s^ivuaad in w o <M ■^iuuqj ^noqijAv qas saaij d i-i to Ol eor~ IO ■[oa^uoQ paduosa saaj^ o fc : rHOl Ol © -* Ol -tf ■J9A0 pauanq B9ay rn <0 rH CC CM "* rH CC 00 J— IO lO t^ "# CO 00 CD O.; ■panssi s^iuiagj . lr~ r- O CD fc -* iO rH CO rH CM Ol CM C rH 001"- «a ci CM • CM © K •^uuaaj qnoq^tM 'jas saai^ d fc eo co ■■* m io oo CM 00 !M ># i-H Oi -* iO CO 00 qoa^uoQ paduosa saai^ d fc CO tPJ -** CM iO O CQ rH I-" Ol CM CD CO CO CO r- oi CO (M •J8A0 pauanq ijaay CO CJ < 2,594 1,654 5,863 2,(118 5,129 9,245 eo oo CO t— CM IO o -* <D tct- CM •panssi s^iuuaj 6 fc 573 771 2,607 1,051 1,516 3,388 CO <M 0 -a- 01 -a oT oo CD CO 00 Oi txift<- **°P3 £ '" l<3 8-8.9 o o Sw £ i 2°o 9J 8 5 i C4ic-P" 3 " O CO ft ft +3 t-i O CO II D^S-(£wt> EQUIPMENT, IMPROVEMENTS, AND MAINTENANCE. Equipment— Cariboo. One fire-fighting pump $370.00 One 15-foot rowboat 117.00 Three 10-men cooking outfits 102.00 One winch 92.00 Six horse-pack outfits 115.00 One Ford car 745.00 One Chevrolet car 770.00 Tools and equipment 928.00 $3,239.00 Improvements— Little Prairie, Big Slide, Horsefly Lake Trail $856.00 Maintenance— Horsefly River Trail $239.00 Poquette Pass-Spanish Lake Road 150.00 105-Mile Ranger Station 40.00 Repairs to Launch " Mountain Ash " 53.00 Miscellaneous 41.00 $523.00 Equipment- Kamloops. Four Chevrolet cars $3,008.00 Ten Ford cars 7,254.00 One canoe 80.00 Fire-fighting hose 276.00 Smoke-chasers' kits 145.00 Tools and equipment 147.00 Miscellaneous tools and equipment purchased from Dominion Government 13,901.00 $24,811.00 Improvements— Reoux Lake-Italia Lake Trail $298.00 Grizzly Lake-Efdeen Lake Trail 1,683.00 Star Lake-Grizzly Lake Trail 52.00 Grizzly Lake Cabin 672.00 Grizzly Mountain Lookout Trail 541.00 $3,246.00 Maintenance— 126 miles of trail $1,092.00 Big Bend Phone-line 75.00 Tumtum Mountain Lookout 80.00 11-Mile Ferry 33.00 Barnes Creek Phone-line 58.00 Narrows Phone-line 43.00 Criss Creek Phone-line 111.00 Eagle Pass Phone-line 84.00 Granite Mountain Phone-line 77.00 Carried forward $1,653.00 Kamloops—Continued. Brought forward $1,653.00 Maintenance—Continued. Green Mountain Phone-line 59.00 Highland Valley Phone-line 52.00 Joss Mountain Lookout 213.00 Lolo Mountain Phone-line 95.00 Mara Mountain Phone-line 126.00 Pass Lake Phone-line 68.00 Salmon River Phone-line 66.00 Sandy Mountain Phone-line 76.00 Sidmouth Phone-line 42.00 Skookum Phone-line 51.00 Trout Lake Phone-line 54.00 Tuktakamin Phone-line 45.00 Miscellaneous 84.00 $2,684.00 Equipment- FoBT Geobge" Three Ford cars : $2,228.00 One Chevrolet car 901.00 Five cooking outfits 168.00 Six hand-tank pumps 78.00 One 28-foot boat 65.00 Fire-fighting hose 117.00 Fire-fighting tools and equipment 1,119.00 $4,676.00 Improvements— 24% miles of trail $3,548.00 Fort Fraser Lookout Phone-line 88.00 Tsinkut Mountain Lookout Phone-line 581.00 McBride Lookout Phone-line 410.00 Longworth Mountain Lookout Phone-line 324.00 Churchill Lookout Phone-line 334.00 Fort St. James Breakwater 280.00 McBride Lookout 40.00 Miscellaneous 49.00 $5,654.00 Maintenance— 197% miles of trail $1,244.00 Fort St. James Ranger Station 224.00 Moxley Creek Tool-cache 69.00 Red Mountain Tool-cache 58.00 Aleza Lake Tool-cache 20.00 Goat River Tool-cache 39.00 Giscome Tool-cache 40.00 Tsinkut Mountain Lookout 94.00 Longworth Mountain Lookout 63.00 Pilot Mountain Lookout 78.00 Fort Fraser Lookout Phone-line 50.00 Carried forward $1,979.00 V 48 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Fort George—Continued. Brought fonvard $1,979.00 Maintenance—Continued. Tsinkut Mountain Lookout Phone-line 79.00 Pilot Mountain Lookout Phone-line 110.00 Longworth Mountain Lookout Phone-line 167.00 McBride Mountain Lookout Phone-line 85.00 Longworth Tool-cache 27.00 Stuart Lake Breakwater 40.00 Red Mountain Ranger Station 45.00 Fort Fraser Ranger Station 64.00 Mount Pope Lookout Phone-line 96.00 Miscellaneous 47.00 $2,739.00 Equipment- Pmnce Rupeet' Two Chevrolet cars $1,607.00 Two fire-fighting pumps 736.00 Two outboard motors 493.00 Fifteen hand-tank pumps 180.00 Five cooking outfits 132.00 Fire-fighting hose and equipment 1,107.00 Fire-fighting tools and equipment 1,427.00 $5,682.00 Improvements— Babine Lake Ranger Station $1,087.00 Black Mountain Lookout 1,270.00 Hazelton hose-drying mast 29.00 Burns Lake hose-drying mast 41.00 Francois Lake hose-drying mast ~ 26.00 Lakelse-Kitimat Trail 741.00 Maxan-Francois Lake Trail 1,029.00 Fulton-Chapman Lake Trail 615.00 Binta-Takysie Trail 692.00 $5,330.00 Maintenance— Babine Lake Phone-line $139.00 Skins Lake Lookout 46.00 Francois Lake Garage 151.00 Terrace Garage 89.00 Thornhill Mountain Lookout 61.00 Francois Lake Ranger Station 296.00 Queen Charlotte Ranger Station 91.00 Copper River-Smithers Trail 236.00 Kleanza-Copper River Trail 495.00 Kitsequekla Trail 82.00 Priestly-Francois Lake Trail 221.00 Sutherland River Trail 467.00 Binta-Nithi Trail 261.00 Miscellaneous 70.00 $2,705.00 FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. V 49 Equipment- Vancouver. Seven Ford cars $4,984.00 Four Chevrolet cars 3,000.00 One fire-fighting pump 754.00 Fire-fighting tools and equipment 1,203.00 9,941.00 Improvements— Harrison-Chehalis Trail $989.00 Stave Lake Boat-house 68.00 Sumas Mountain Lookout Trail and Phone-line 168.00 Home Lake-Spider Lake Trail 117.00 Campbell River-Camp 8 Phone-line 466.00 Little Mountain Lookout Trail 78.00 Forest Reserve Trails 978.00 Sonora Lookout Water-tank 175.00 Bucklin Creek Trail 273.00 $3,312.00 Maintenance— Alexandria Camp-site $81.00 Chilliwack River Trail and Phone-line 238.00 Squamish Ranger Station 115.00 Rosewall Lookout 51.00 Pocohontas Lookout 133.00 Bainbridge Lookout 230.00 Mount Benson Lookout 31.00 Cowichan Lake-Nitinat Trail 290.00 Sonora Trail 48.00 Silver Creek Trail 989.00 Miscellaneous 29.00 2.235.00 Equipment- Southern Interior. Four Ford cars $2,978.00 Two Chevrolet cars 1,451.00 One Dodge car 1,192.00 One outboard motor 205.00 Fire-fighting hose 801.00 Nine horses 270.00 One river-boat 100.00 Fifty-five smoke-chasers' kits 1,124.00 Thirteen 10-men cooking outfits 452.00 Thirteen hand-tank pumps 174.00 Fire-fighting tools and equipment 9,071.00 One electric grindstone 186.00 $18,004.00 Improvements— Baldy Mountain Phone-line $702.00 Teepee-Haller Creek Trail 681.00 Main Yahk Phone-line 831.00 Carried forward $2,214.00 4 Southern Interior—Continued. Brought forward $2,214.00 Improvements—Continued. Sugar Mountain Lookout 1,756.00 Gold Creek Phone-line 238.00 Goat Mountain Lookout 224.00 Snow Mountain Lookout 1,294.00 Little White Mountain Trail 21.00 Howe Creek Trail 40.00 Blue Joint Creek Trail 48.00 St. Annes Creek Trail 670.00 Hope Summit-Granite Creek Trail 643.00 Eagle Creek Trail 285.00 Corn Creek Trail 475.00 Kid Creek Trail 273.00 Kennedy Mountain-Three Brothers Trail 411.00 Indian Prairie-Fording River Trail 350.00 Sheep-lamb Plateau Trail 186.00 Mineral Monument No. 20 Road 454.00 $9,582.00 Maintenance— 827 miles of trail $8,408.00 Baldy Mountain Lookout 25.00 Goat Mountain Lookout 304.00 Reno Mountain Lookout 22.00 Glory Mountain Lookout 37.00 Beaver Mountain Lookout 58.00 Siwash Mountain Lookout 70.00 Elise Mountain Lookout 64.00 Thompson Mountain Lookout 54.00 Baldy Mountain Phone-line 82.00 Sugar Mountain Phone-line 94.00 B.X. Mountain Phone-line 29.00 Kettle Valley Phone-line 24.00 Little White Mountain Phone-line 1,017.00 Gold Creek Phone-line 94.00 Snow Mountain Phone-line 32.00 Goat Mountain Phone-line 52.00 White Rocks Phone-line 70.00 Elk Valley Phone-line 273.00 Duncan River Phone-line 220.00 Wigwam River Phone-line 46.00 Siwash Mountain Phone-line 88.00 Johnson's Landing-Lardeau Phone-line 45.00 Reno Mountain Phone-line 35.00 Beaver Mountain Phone-line 69.00 Glory Mountain Phone-line 90.00 Saddle Mountain Phone-line 247.00 Wilson Creek Phone-line 109.00 Elise Mountain Phone-line 89.00 Flathead Phone-line 47.00 Casey Mountain Phone-line 63.00 Carried fonvard $11,957.00 Southern Interior—Continued. Brought forward $11,957.00 Maintenance—Con tinned. Lower Whatshan Phone-line 30.00 Ward Creek Cabin 80.00 Duncan River Crossing 22.00 Gold Creek Pasture 36.00 Duncan River Trail 1,536.00 Frisken-Dardanelles Lake Road 44.00 Missezula Lake Road 133.00 Miscellaneous 267.00 Salmo Ranger Station 200.00 $14,305.00 GRAZING. Grazing ranges throughout the Province, with the possible exception of the Vernon Grazing District, suffered severely again this year through lack of moisture, largely the result of meagre snowfall. Snowfall has been light throughout the Province since the winter of 1926-27, with the result that the water-shortage has of late become a serious menace. On nearly all the open and semi-open ranges the catch-basins are either empty or nearly so, and, to aggravate the situation, many of these natural reservoirs have as a result become dangerous mud-holes. This critical situation was relieved somewhat in the Cariboo by midsummer rains, and farther south by early fall rains. As a result of these rains the late grazing was much better than might have been expected. It is hoped that the heavy snowfall reported throughout the Province this winter (1931-32) will go far to correct the water situation in 1932. In the meantime the scarcity has had the effect of forcing stock on to back ranges previously unused. Following the mild winter of 1930-31, stock went on the ranges rather earlier and in rather better condition than average. Excellent feed during the latter part of the season following midsummer and late rains put stock in good condition for the present winter season. There is a continued and encouraging tendency on the part of stockmen to develop a better class of stock, with the profitable result that would naturally be expected. The difference is especially important during poor market years. The stock-breeder who gave careful attention to breeding this year received an advantage of about % cent per pound, with fewer head rejected by the buyer. The comparatively large numbers rejected from offerings from scrub or poor stock is an important factor where herds have to be driven long distances to market. Several new ranges were examined during the year and most of these were grazed. The work was done by the field staff, assisted in the case of a sheep-range of about 300 square miles at the headwaters of Loue Cabin, French Bar, Churn, Watson Bar, Big, Valakom, and Tyaughton Creeks, by the Royal Canadian Air Force. This area photographed comprises fairly good range at an altitude of 4,500 to 7,000 feet and this season was grazed by four 1,000-head bands of ewes with their lambs. This particular sheep-range borders on several cattle-ranges and was mapped chiefly to define the boundaries in the interest of both sheep and cattle breeders. Market Conditions. Generally speaking, the market conditions of 1931 were not good, partly owing to the high tariff wall established by the United States against both feeders and beef from Canadian ranges and partly caused by the general depression which is now universal. Contrary to the usual trend of market conditions which usually show a substantial rise in price in the early spring and summer, this year prices were seldom above 4% cents for tops in beef and went as low as 2% cents in some cases, and in no instance throughout the season did it vary a great deal. In the early fall during the first beef drives the price was exceptionally low, and later on in the fall stepped up a slight amount, which was also contrary to the usual trend of prices. V 52 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS. Choice steers ranged from 4 to 4% cents; medium good steers, 3% to 3% cents; cows, 2% to a little better than 2% cents; heifers suitable for breeding brought as high as 3% cents, while heavy calves went for 4 and 4% cents. Top lambs brought the high price of 13 cents off cars in Vancouver in June, while the July price was about 8 cents. Generally speaking, the price ranged between 4% and 5% cents for lambs and mutton at the stockyards, but in some cases was down to 3% cents. Authorization. The numbers of live stock grazing on Crown range were 59,182 cattle, 851 horses, and 45,715 sheep. The following table shows the comparison with previous years:— Cattle and Horses. Sheep. 1929 60,000 26,000 1930 70,000 37,500 1931 60,033 45,715 Range Improvements. Expenditures from the Range Improvement Fund for the fiscal year 1931-32 amounted to $4,375.47. Of this sum, $758 was spent on the disposal of wild horses, $600 on improvements contracted for during the previous year, and $3,017.47 on new improvements, which included work on seven stock-trails, two water developments, five drift-fences, ten mud-holes, and two holding-grounds. Wild Horses. In the few years immediately prior to 1931 between 6,000 and 7,000 head of wild horses were removed from Crown ranges. Some of these were destroyed and some of the better ones sold. In 1931 a total of 559 additional were disposed of. This work of clearing the ranges of wild horses is being actively prosecuted with beneficial results. VICTORIA. B.C. : Printed by Chables F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1932. 1,725-332-7926
- Library Home /
- Search Collections /
- Open Collections /
- Browse Collections /
- BC Sessional Papers /
- PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS REPORT...
Open Collections
BC Sessional Papers
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS REPORT OF THE FOREST BRANCH FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER… British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
jpg
Page Metadata
Item Metadata
Title | PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF LANDS REPORT OF THE FOREST BRANCH FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST 1931 |
Alternate Title | FOREST BRANCH REPORT, 1931. |
Creator |
British Columbia. Legislative Assembly |
Publisher | Victoria, BC : Government Printer |
Date Issued | [1932] |
Genre |
Legislative proceedings |
Type |
Text |
FileFormat | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Identifier | J110.L5 S7 1932_V02_14_V1_V52 |
Collection |
Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Source | Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia |
Date Available | 2016-03-14 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia |
CatalogueRecord | http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198 |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0300641 |
AggregatedSourceRepository | CONTENTdm |
Download
- Media
- bcsessional-1.0300641.pdf
- Metadata
- JSON: bcsessional-1.0300641.json
- JSON-LD: bcsessional-1.0300641-ld.json
- RDF/XML (Pretty): bcsessional-1.0300641-rdf.xml
- RDF/JSON: bcsessional-1.0300641-rdf.json
- Turtle: bcsessional-1.0300641-turtle.txt
- N-Triples: bcsessional-1.0300641-rdf-ntriples.txt
- Original Record: bcsessional-1.0300641-source.json
- Full Text
- bcsessional-1.0300641-fulltext.txt
- Citation
- bcsessional-1.0300641.ris
Full Text
Cite
Citation Scheme:
Usage Statistics
Share
Embed
Customize your widget with the following options, then copy and paste the code below into the HTML
of your page to embed this item in your website.
<div id="ubcOpenCollectionsWidgetDisplay">
<script id="ubcOpenCollectionsWidget"
src="{[{embed.src}]}"
data-item="{[{embed.item}]}"
data-collection="{[{embed.collection}]}"
data-metadata="{[{embed.showMetadata}]}"
data-width="{[{embed.width}]}"
data-media="{[{embed.selectedMedia}]}"
async >
</script>
</div>

https://iiif.library.ubc.ca/presentation/cdm.bcsessional.1-0300641/manifest