DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING ROOT ZONE DRAINAGE by ROBERT PETER WILLINGTON B.S.F., U n i v e r s i t y M.Sc, University of B r i t i s h Columbia, 1967 of B r i t i s h Columbia, 1969 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Forest Hydrology) i n the Department of FORESTRY Lie accept t h i s t h e s i s as conforming t o the r e q u i r e d standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA A p r i l , 1971 In p r e s e n t i n g t h i s t h e s i s in p a r t i a l f u l f i l m e n t o f the r e q u i r e m e n t s an advanced degree at the U n i v e r s i t y of B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a , I agree the L i b r a r y s h a l l make i t f r e e l y available for I f u r t h e r agree t h a t p e r m i s s i o n f o r e x t e n s i v e r e f e r e n c e and copying of t h i s of this thesis for written It i s understood thesis /~c?>g_rs 7~/g v The U n i v e r s i t y o f B r i t i s h Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date /3^s?<+ -2-,, '97/ or publication f i n a n c i a l g a i n s h a l l not be a l l o w e d w i t h o u t my permission. Department o f that c o p y i n g o r that study. f o r s c h o l a r l y purposes may be g r a n t e d by the Head o f my Department by h i s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s . for ABSTRACT An is of benefit mizing tion of t h e mean a n n u a l the water cycle either this balance of forest who m a n a g e s e c o n d increment balance, root difficult In the to foresters i s given t o the importance also zone rotation c a n be b e t t e r o f the water depths. ance One c o m p o n e n t drainage, i s not only important, but zone drainage during cm. H,jO w i t h The was 1 1 . 7 2 mm. - monitored the s o i l and measured a response time on Darcy's water a two-week Law. mm. with 2.kl mm./day. zone than was observed. water five a n e s t i m a t e d maximum e r r o r Comparable positive To root zone drying implement was d e v e l o p e d at five minimum soil mainten- to within 1.8 seconds. d r a i n a g e f o r t h e two-week of the daily drainage derived by t h e water a n e s t i m a t e d maximum e r r o r Both required of the s o i l but simultaneous evaluation 9.33 potential installed, of less cumulative root 1.30 mm./day. dependent was e a s i l y the potential with i f recogni- t o measure o r c a l c u l a t e . study, root The s y s t e m Maxi- balance. was m o n i t o r e d b y a m e t h o d b a s e d constantly ecosystems stands. realized method, a t e n s i o m e t e r - p r e s s u r e t r a n s d u c e r system which of understanding o f t h e water period drainage from b a l a n c e m e t h o d was of the daily drainage of - and n e g a t i v e drainage t o t h e root The n e g a t i v e d r a i n a g e (water moving into provides a supplementary s u p p l y Df w a t e r to the root reducing the possibility of a soil deficit water Approved: an i n - zone the root zone, occurring. zone) thereby Introduction 1 Chapter I - A Tensiometer System for Use in Forest Soils 4 Introduction 4 Description of the System 7 Installation and Operation ..10 Response Characteristics 13 Field Trials 16 Conclusion 18 Chapter II - Drainage from the Root Zone of a Douglas Plantation fir 20 Introduction 20 Theory 22 Experimental Procedure 23 Instrumentation 2k F i e l d determination of hydraulic conductivity Analysis and Results 25 25 S o i l water characteristics 25 The root zone 26 Drainage calculation by the Darcy Law method Drainage calculated from the water 29 balance equation 31 Discussion and Summary... 34 Conclusion 37 Literature Cited Introduction. 39 .39 Chapter I 39 Chapter II 41 Appendix I S o i l P r o f i l e D e s c r i p t i o n and Photographic D e s c r i p t i o n of the Study S i t e 43 Appendix I I Photographic D e s c r i p t i o n of F i e l d Instrumentation 44 Appendix I I I Neutron Moisture Meter C a l i b r a t i o n Curve 45 Appendix IV Complete Record of H y d r a u l i c Head and M a t r i c Suction Data f a r F i v e S o i l Depths 46 Appendix V Mean D a i l y H y d r a u l i c Head and M a t r i c S u c t i o n Values f a r F i v e S o i l Depths f a r the Duration of the Study ..47 Appendix VI The Determination of the H y d r a u l i c Characteristic Conductivity 4Q Appendix. VII Computation of Root Zone Drainage Using the Darcy Law Method .49 Appendix VIII Computation of Root Zone Drainage Using the Water Balance Equation .....50 Appendix IX Comparison of Root Zone S o i l Water D e p l e t i o n from Measured Values and Values C a l c u l a t e d Using Darcy Law Root Zone Drainage.. 51 LIST OF TABLES' Table I II III Page Operating characteristics of the tensiometer pressure transducer system .....14 Time response characteristic for five tensiometer-pressure transducer systems 15 Bulk density and stone content values of three soil layers 26 LIST QF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Details of tensiometer cup, brass f i t t i n g and hydraulic l i n e unit 2 Schematic diagram of tensiometer-pressure transducer system as i n s t a l l e d in the f i e l d . . . . 11 3 Relationship between hydraulic head at 60 cm. s o i l depth and surface s o i l temperature with time 17 Daily hydraulic head values for the 60 cm. and 90 cm. s o i l depth 19 k 5 6 Water retention curves for the 0 - 6 0 cm. and 60 - 90 cm. s o i l layers of Capilano gravelly sandy loam 9 ..27 Hydraulic conductivity characteristic, of the 60 - 90 cm. layer of Capilano gravelly sandy l o a m . . . . 28 7 Mean daily hydraulic head p r o f i l e s for July 8 to July 22 30 8 Daily evapotranspiration and root zone water storage for the duration of the study 32 Daily root zone drainage as determined from Darcy's Law Method and the water balance method respectively 33 Cumulative evapotranspiration and root zone drainage (Darcy's Law) for the duration of the s t u d y . . . 36 9 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Without the help and advice of certain people and agencies, this thesis would not have been possible. Special thanks are due Dr. B.C. Goodell, Professor of Forest Hydrology, Faculty of Forestry, University of B r i t i s h Columbia, uho gave valuable guidance at a l l stages of the study and uho arranged much of the required funding (fMRC Grant A-3640). Special thanks are also extended to Dr. T . A . Black, Assistant Professor of Biometeorology, Department of Soil Science, University of B r i t i s h Columbia, uho provided many of the ideas uhich formed the basis for this study. His patient help and guidance throughout the analytical and writing phases of the project mere invaluable. The cooperation of Mr. J. Walters, Director of the U.B.C. Research Forest during the establishment phases of the study was greatly appreciated. To Andre Plamondon and Keith MclMaughton, fellow graduate students, go my thanks for their help and encouragement during the f i e l d phase of the study. To my wife Georgina, go my very special thanks for not only her physical help in the f i n a l preparation Df the thesis, but also for her many months of patience and mental support during a l l phases of my graduate career. DEDICATION To Dr. Jeffrey, instrumental in the terest in the f i e l d w i l l continue to be out my career. who i n i t i a t e d , and was development of my i n of Forest Hydrology and an inspiration through- DEVELOPMENT AND A P P L I C A T I O N OF A TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING ROOT ZONE DRAINAGE Introduction An understanding of the water balance o f f o r e s t eco- systems i s of b e n e f i t t o f o r e s t e r s i n the management of second r o t a t i o n stands. Maximizing the mean annual increment r e a l i z e d i f r e c o g n i t i o n i s given to the importance balance. of the water As the e x p l o i t i v e philosophy of the B r i t i s h F o r e s t Industry g r a d u a l l y g i v e s way to the s c i e n t i f i c of can be b e t t e r Columbia management f o r e s t stands, economically a p p l i c a b l e h y d r o l o g i c data w i l l be i n high demand. The water balance of a p l a n t r o o t zone i s expressed by the e q u a t i o n : P - G = E + D + W /At A (1) where P i s the precipitation rate, E i s the rate, D i s the drainage rate, A evapotranspiration l _ / A t i s the rate of change i n stored mater in the root zone and G i s the surface runoff rate. The pre- c i p i t a t i o n , runoff and change in storage are measureable, but evapotranspiration and drainage are both d i f f i c u l t either to measure or to calculate. The calculation of evapotranspiration from some crops by means of micrometeorological and plant measurements becoming increasingly f e a s i b l e . Black et a l . is (1969) shouied that drainage from a bare s o i l was related to the average water content of the p r o f i l e and successfully used t h i s relationship in calculat- ing p r o f i l e drainage and storage for a three month period. The problem of calculating drainage from a s o i l containing a root system i s receiving increasing attention (Gardner, 1964; Rose and Stern, 1967; Van Bavel et a l . , 1968). A useful estimate of the drainage from the root zone in a sandy s o i l supporting a row crop was obtained by Black e t a l . (1970) from the space averaged c a p i l lary conductivity of the s o i l i n which root occurred. Since the evaluation of the water balance of a vegetated s o i l requires knowledge of the energy status of s o i l water, a tensiometer system plays a key role in the : f i e l d ..instrumentation. In Chapter I, described. a tensiometer system far use in forested soil is Because conditions such as noncontinuous, unsteady p r e c i p i t a t i o n , unsteady and s p a t i a l l y non-uniform s o i l water flow are unpredictable with respect to time i n forested ecosystems, constant monitoring i s a prime requisite of a tensiometer system. Of equal importance i s a small response time, since the energy status of s o i l water can change very rapidly i n the coarse g l a c i a l soils t y p i c a l of coastal B.C. An additional requirement i s that of moni- toring at a number of depths i n the s o i l and to an acceptable accuracy. In Chapter II, primary attention i s devoted to the evalu- ation of root zone drainage during a portion of the growing season of a twenty-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco.) plantation. Drainage rates, D, were calculated over a two-week period by a method based on Darcy's Law as expressed by the following equation: D = -k ( ) (2) The Darcy Law method requires continuous monitoring of the hydraulic dH gradients, (__•), and the measurement of the hydraulic conductivity characteristic, k, of the s o i l . The water balance approach r e l i e s on measurements of water storage as well as precipitation and evaporation. The Appendices contain ancillary information to that presented i n the text as well as additional data which may be of value to researchers wishing to extend the results presented. Chapter I A TENSIOMETER SYSTEM FOR USE IN FOREST SOILS Introduction Successful evaluation of the water balance of forest eco- systems w i l l only be realized when greater attention i s paid to the understanding and measurement of c r i t i c a l hydrologic processes, notably that of s o i l water drainage into and out of the root zone. spite of i t s importance i n hydrologic modelling of forested In water- sheds and water budgeting for forest growth, root zone drainage studies in forested environments have been sketchy (Brulhart, 1969). In the coarse g l a c i a l s o i l s supporting the commercial forests of coastal B . C . , situations such as potential growing season drought, noncontinuous, unsteady p r e c i p i t a t i o n , unsteady and s p a t i a l l y nonuniform s o i l water flow, and hysteresis make the measurement of drainage d i f f i c u l t . Because these conditions are unpredictable with time, special attention must be devoted to techniques of measuring the required parameters for the calculation of root zone drainage. Although a n a l y t i c a l e x p r e s s i o n s based upon Darcy's equa- t i o n f o r unsaturated s o i l water movement and r e t e n t i o n have been available (Richards, 1931), r e l a t i v e l y few i n v e s t i g a t o r s have des- c r i b e d s o i l water behavior through measured values of both lic hydrau- c o n d u c t i v i t y and h y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t s e x h i b i t e d w i t h i n f i e l d soils. Recently, N i e l s e n e t a l . (1964); (1967); Van Bavel e t a l . (1968); La Rue e t a l . (1968); B i a n c h i and Tovey, (1968); Rose e t a l . (1965); Rice S t r e b e l e t a l . (197D); and Black e t a l . (1970) working with bare and vegetated a g r i c u l t u r a l s o i l s , r e p o r t e d on measurements of these parameters and t h e i r use i n the c a l c u l a t i o n of r o o t zone drainage. A l l of these i n v e s t i g a t o r s , r e c o g n i z i n g the n e c e s s i t y f o r minimizing p e r t u r b a t i o n of the f i e l d u t i l i z e d ceramic t e n s i o m e t e r s . s o i l water.system under study, The measurement of the s o i l water s u c t i o n detected by the tensiometers i s g e n e r a l l y accomplished by one of two methods. The most common method, the Hg-manometer, i s simple, r e l i a b l e and r e l a t i v e l y i n e x p e n s i v e . I t i s disadvantaged by the n e c e s s i t y f o r frequent on s i t e readings i n order t o detect a l l major h y d r o l o g i c events, and by i t s e x c e s s i v e thermal ity (Strebel, 1970), slow response sensitiv- time and by the l i m i t e d maximum s o i l water s u c t i o n measurable. Recognizing these disadvantages, developed was Klute and Peters (1962) another method f o r measuring s o i l water s u c t i o n which improved upon by Watson (1965). T h i s method u t i l i z e d a pressure transducer t o measure s o i l water s u c t i o n , thereby p e r m i t t i n g a f a s t response time and constant monitoring of s o i l water s u c t i o n . The dangers of missing sudden hydrologic events such as those caused by a heavy precipitation event and rapid i n f i l t r a t i o n could thus be avoided. Although many investigators (Black et a l . 1970; Renger et a l . 1970; and Briilhart, 1970) feel that the Darcy equation, which relates the flux of water in the s o i l to the unsaturated conductivity of the s o i l and the driving force of the t o t a l potential gradient, offers the greatest potential for measuring root zone drainage, other methods have been u t i l i z e d . Fixed basin lysimeters have been widely used i n water balance studies (Allison e_t a l . 1959; Dreibelbis and McGuinness, 1957; Harrold and Dreibelbis, 1951; and Rich, 1959) in agriculture and forestry research. The v a l i d i t y of information derived from these lysimeters has been repeatedly questioned (Caiman, 1946; Richards et a l . 1939; and Ldalliham, 1940), primarily on the grounds that the s o i l - a i r interface at the outlet retards normal s o i l drainage and the existance of v e r t i cal side walls imposes r e s t r i c t i o n s on root development. Cole (1958) developed a tension lysimeter for f i e l d studies of drainage which u t i l i z e d alundum f i l t e r discs to permit reasonably rapid flow of water yet possessing sufficient capillary tension to preclude the disruption of the tension column up to tensions of 0.2 atmosphere. However, the disturbance of the s o i l during lysimeter i n s t a l l a t i o n and the perturbation of the s o i l water flow during operation may cause inaccuracies in r e s u l t s . Perhaps a more serious fault i s that the fixed tension applied to the plate creates the p o s s i b i l i t y of extracting an undue amount of water during the early stages of the drainage cycle following a major precipitation event (Cole et a l . 1961).. A further disadvan- tage of this method i s that only downward drainage can be measured since an increase in s o i l water suction beyond that applied to the plate would cause water to move from the plate into the s o i l . A meter for d i r e c t l y measuring unsaturated s o i l water flow has been b u i l t and tested i n the laboratory by Cary (1970). Although s t i l l in the development stage, this system i s promising because i t i s simple, easy to calibrate and economical. date have shown the meter consistently overestimates Tests to unsaturated flow, p a r t i c u l a r l y in the low suction range. This paper w i l l describe a fast response tensiometer system designed for long term monitoring of s o i l water suction prof i l e s in a forested f i e l d s o i l . The testing site was a twenty year old Douglas f i r (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco.) plantation supported by a gravelly sandy loam. The s o i l i s highly t y p i c a l of B.C. coastal forested s o i l s and has a conductivity characteristic exhibiting grass extremes with water content. An example of drain- age from the root zone as calculated from the recorded data i s given. Description of the System The tensiometer-pressure five tensiometer-pressure transducer system consists of transducer u n i t s . Each of the tensio- meter u n i t s ( F i g u r e 1) c o n s i s t s : of a ceramic cup 0.25" o.d., 0.125" i . d . ) cemented to a brass f i t t i n g with epoxy r e s i n . Each u n i t i s connected by h y d r a u l i c l i n e s running through lic of (1.125" l o n g , (Swagelock) to a pressure a brass t e e - j o i n t . transducer A l l hydrau- l i n e s are Q.125" bore p o l y e t h y l e n e tubing having the advantages flexibility and easy d e t e c t i o n of entrapped air. The tee-joint system ( F i g u r e 1) enables the i n s e r t i o n of s p a g h e t t i tubing uhich -2 i s connected to a 10 l b . i n . p r e s s u r i z e d water supply p e r m i t t i n g r a p i d and e f f i c i e n t d e - a i r i n g of the tensiometer cup and h y d r a u l i c line. Each of the h y d r a u l i c l i n e s from the t e e - j o i n t to the tensiometer cup i s cut to a l e n g t h corresponding to the s o i l at depth which the s o i l water s u c t i o n i s to be measured. The pressure t r a n s d u c e r s ( C o n s o l i d a t e d Electrodynamics Co. Pressure Transducer Type 4-312) have a range of 0 to - 12.5 _2 lbs. of in. and f e a t u r e a s m a l l d e f l e c t i o n diaphragm. t h i s diaphragm i s measured by a f u l l y i n the form of f o u r - a c t i v e - a r m s The deflection banded s t r a i n gauge b r i d g e to provide an output t h a t i s a l i n e a r f u n c t i o n of the magnitude of the pressure a p p l i e d to the diaphragm. The sensitivity of the t r a n s d u c e r s i s 0.012 mv/cm. H^O with 5v d-c a p p l i e d to the b r i d g e . Although the t r a n s d u c e r s are temperature a range of -65°F. to +250°F., a thermal s e n s i t i v i t y f u l l range/ °F. meant that the temperature 10 F. D compensated s h i f t of a g a i n s t s i g n i f i c a n t temperature 0.01% range c o u l d only be i n order to measure the h y d r a u l i c head to w i t h i n 2 cm. To ensure over H-,0. e f f e c t s the transducers removable cap f a r s p a g h e t t i i n s e r t i o n to d e - a i r system Wiiiiiik I- §1 r. brass t e e - j o i n t to pressure transducer 1 1 __Lr hydraulic brass I line fitting r ceramic cup Figure 1. D e t a i l s of tensiometer cup, brass f i t t i n g and h y d r a u l i c l i n e u n i t . were mounted i n a thermally regulated aluminum chassis box i n s u l a t ed with 8 cm. of styrofoam. The box was maintained above ambient temperatures at 37 i 0.05 a C. by a heating element consisting of four carbon resistors (10 ohm, 2 watt) in series controlled by a thermaregulator (Sargent-Welch). This box was carefully water- proofed and located on the s o i l surface 30 cm. from where the hydraulic lines to the tsnsiometer cups were inserted into the s o i l . The input voltage of 5v d-c was supplied from a 110v a-c power unit supply (Endevco Model 4230) with l i n e regulation of •.01% of the output setting. The thermoregulator and power supply units were housed in a small weatherproof box, situated 3 m. from the transducer box. The output signal from each transducer was relayed through a timed, gold contact stepping switch (Clare) to a s t r i p chart recorder (Esterline Angus Model T 171 B) having power requirements of 110v a-c or 9v d-c. The timed switch and recorder were housed in an instrument shed 20 m. from the transducer box. A" schematic diagram of the entire system i s presented in Figure 2. Installation and Operation The tensiometers were positioned by driving a s o l i d steel rod into the s o i l to each of the five desired depths. The occurrence of stones and discontinuous cementation made t h i s a suction signal recorder timed relay switch 11Dv ar-c power supply 5v d-c thermoregulator power control transducer box tensiometers Figure 2. Schematic diagram of tensiometer-pressure transducer system.as i n s t a l l e d in the f i e l d . difficult j o b in the particular site studied. The tensiometer cups were pushed into position by means of the connected hydraulic lines and the holes were b a c k f i l l e d . A l l cups and hydraulic lines were then thoroughly deaired by inserting spaghetti tubing and flushing de-aired water through the system with a small e l e c t r i c pump o p e r a t i n g at 10 l b s . inT 2 Following the de-airing the tee-joint was capped, the hydraulic lines leading to the transducer box were covered with 5 cm. of s o i l and the system was l e f t to e q u i l i b r a t e . Equilibrium t i m e was approximately 30 minutes. The operational system required a minimum of maintenance. Although the s o i l water suction never exceeded the a i r intrusion . value of the ceramic cups, slow diffusion of the a i r into the cup necessitated periodic de-airing of t h e cups and hydraulic l i n e s . During eight weeks of operation, de-airing was required only four times. The recorder required only periodic maintenance including f i l l i n g the ink reservoir and changing the chart paper r o l l s . To ensure a resolution of at least 2 cm. H^O, the f u l l scale deflection of the recorder was maintained at 5 mv to permit readings from the 15 cm. wide s t r i p chart to the nearest Q.Q2 mv. This was com- plicated somewhat by the changing s o i l water suction and the d i f f e r ent zero offsets inherent in each of the transducers. Response Characteristics Richards (1949), defined the general operating characteristics a. of tensiometer-pressure transducer systems as: Cup conductance, K i s the volume of water passing through the cup wall per unit of time per unit of pressure difference and has the dimensions cc/sec/ psi. For a given time and pressure difference the cup conductance depends primarily on the area of the ceramic in contact with the s o i l and the pore size of the ceramic material. Air intrusion value i s the pressure difference required to cause an a i r leak when the cup wall i s saturated with water. In designing an experiment, a ceramic should be chosen so that i t s a i r i n t r u sion value i s greater than the maximum suction expected in the experiment. c. Gauge s e n s i t i v i t y , S i s described as the transducer s e n s i t i v i t y . It i s the pressure change per unit volume displacement of. the diaphragm with units of p s i / c c . d. Response time constant, R=(KS) i s a measure of the tensiometer-pressure transducer system response time to the s o i l water suction changes at the cup surface. It has the dimensions of time and i s dependent upon the cup conductance and the transducer s e n s i t i v i t y . _1 Far the. measurement of rapidly changing suctions i t necessary t D have a response time as small as passible. is The strain gauge type pressure transducer has excellent volume displacementpressure characteristics and accordingly f a c i l i t a t e s a system with a small response time. Table I' summarizes the mean operating characteristics of the tensiometer-pressure specifications transducer system as based on manufacturers' and the above equation for R. Table I. Air Intrusion cm. of H-0 1000 Operating characteristics of the tensiometer-pressure transducer system. Cup Conductance K cc/sec/psi Sensitivity S psi/cc 1.454 x 10" 1.28 x 10 * 3 •equivalent to 1.1 x 10 2 cmVcm -i| Response Time R sec 5.38 H-0 As a check on the reliability of the response time as calculated from manufacturers' supplied data, values Df R specific for a given tensiometer cup and associated transducer and for different percentages of time to equilibrium may be obtained through the use of the following equation (Watson, 1965): Y. t where Y o = T o ( 1 - e~ t / R ) (3) i s the suction at the external surface of the cup, Y. i s t the suction at the transducer diaphragm, t i s the measured time in seconds and R is the calculated response time in.seconds. By using the recorder output from the system, the time response characteristic for a step input of 90 cm. suction from an i n i t i a l suction of 0 cm. for each of five tensiometer-pressure transducer systems can be evaluated in Table II. Table II. Time response characteristics for five tensiometer-pressure transducer systems. Tensiometerpressure transducer ^ . system R R R R sec. sec. sec. sec. A 1.52 5.27 6.67 7.79 B 1.32 4.08 9.16 8.10 C 0.76 5.01 5.34 6.52 D 2.42 7.11 6.26 8.24 E 1.46 7.12 7.98 9.82 •percentage of t o t a l time to equilibrium The deviations of the time constants i n Table II from those in Table I emphasize the importance of determining the time response for the specific equipment assemblies i n operational status. Any deviations in H and S are expressed in the R values of Table I but not of Table II. Because a small time (0..25 R 0.50 sec.) i s necessary to apply the step input, the 0.90 are more r e l i a b l e . Knowledge of the time response allows for the adjustment of the timing of the relay switch (relaying thB transducer signal to the recorder) to remain on each transducer channel long enough (5 min.) to permit the recording of an average equilibrium s o i l water suction. Prior to i n s t a l l i n g the tensiometer-pressure system in the f i e l d , transducer each of the five units mas calibrated in the laboratory. . A forty gallon vacuum source was used to apply various suctions to the transducers. Manometric maasurements of the a p p l i - ed suction were platted against the corresponding m i l l i v o l t output. The relationship was linear to the maximum applied suction of 800 cm. of hi^O and the average standard error of the estimate for the five tensiometer-pressure transducer units i s - 1.8 cm. Df H 9 0. Field Trials The system provided continual measurements of the hydraulic head profile for a test period of eight weeks. During this period the zero s t a b i l i t y of each of the tensiometer-pressure transducer units was checked during the de-airing operation by checking the transducer output of the open system. f\lo measurable zero shift was detected over the eight week period. Although potential errors due to thermal effects on the transducers were eliminated by the thermally regulated box, errors due to thermal expansion and contraction of the hydraulic lines near the s o i l surface were possible. Figure 3, however, suggests that adverse thermal effects were prevented by the covering of the hydraulic lines with forest the forest l i t t e r and the law radiation loads on floor. Sample traces of the hydraulic head changes based on T 1 1 1 TIME Figure 3. 1 1 OF 1 DAY 1 1 1 r (HRS.) Relationship between hydraulic head at 60 cm., s a i l depth and surface s o i l temperature with time. daily averages of half hourly values through a drying cycle at two s o i l depths (SO and 90 cm.) are presented in Figure k. This hydraul i c p r o f i l e can be used i n many ways in s o i l water studies in the field, a. b. c. for example: Given the hydraulic p r o f i l e and the daily s o i l water content, the hydraulic conductivity characteristic can be developed. Given the hydraulic p r o f i l e and the hydraulic conduc• t i v i t y , the magnitude and direction of drainage from the root zone can be calculated. Given the hydraulic p r o f i l e the detection of wetting fronts and their rate of movement i s made possible. Conclusion A fast response f i e l d tensiometer system was developed which provides an accurate and continual quantitative assessment of the hydraulic head p r o f i l e i n the s o i l . The system described was tested in the f i e l d for eight weeks and was limited only by the fact that i t operates at suctions less than one bar. Recent de- velopments (Brown, 1970; Rawlins et a l . 1968; Richards and Ogata, 1958) indicate measurements of suctions greater than one bar can be s a t i s f a c t o r i l y measured by the thermocouple psychrometer. 1 6 9 lO II 12 13 14 15 l€> M TIME Figure 4. C J U L 18 V 19 2 0 2 l 22. DAYS) Daily hydraulic head values for the 60 cm. and 90 cm. s o i l depth. Chapter II DRAINAGE FROM THE ROOT ZONE OF A. DOUGLAS FIR PLANTATION Introduction The importance of drainage and evapotranspiration from the root zone of forested s o i l s needs to be stressed. Within the context of the water balance several important aspects are evident, especially with respect to root zone drainage. When drainage i s positive, water moves out of the root zone and a loss of stored water accrues. This may lead to a shortage of water i n .the root zone t D supply the evapotranspiration demand and a consequent physiological stress within the tree. If drainage i s negative, water moves upward to supplement the stored water in the root zone. This added supply of water to the root zone s a t i s f i e s the evapotranspiration demand and contributes to s i t e quality. The drainage characteristic of the root zone may also be important i n terms of the supply of nutrients to plant roots since water i s the transporting medium. Drainage has a significant effect on watershed behavior. A positive drainage may be an important contribution to streamflaw and, s i m i l a r l y , a negative drainage may contribute to a lowering of streamflow. Thus, to the managing forester, both the magnitude and direction of drainage are necessary i n the evaluation of the water balance which i n turn w i l l be of increasing importance to decision making i n second growth forest management. The types of decisions which may be involved are those related to species s u i t a b i l i t y , establishment methods, pre-commercial spacing, thinning, amount and timing of nutrient application and the potential of i r r i g a t i o n . At present, these decisions are being made on the basis of very l i m i t ed data. The f i r s t objective of this paper i B to compare drainage as calculated from the Darcy's Law method to that calculated from the water balance equation method. The second abjective i s to assess the importance of drainage from the root zone of a Douglas f i r plantation supported by a gravelly sandy loam. The third objective i s to assess the p r a c t i c a b i l i t y of making the measurements necessary to calculate root zone drainage and the u t i l i z a t i o n of this data in the management of second growth forest stands. An approach toward the f i r s t objective was made possible by a separate, but contemporaneous study (Black and MclMaughton, 1971) that made use of a micrometeorological method for the evaluation of evapotranspiration. Theory An assessment of root zone drainage rate (mm./day) can be accomplished by at least two methods. One method i s from the water balance equation: D (4) = • B' - G - E ^til/At By measuring precipitation rate, P, surface runoff rate, G, evapotranspiration rate, E, and rate of change of root zone soil water storage, UJ/ t, the drainage rate, D, may be calculated. A A The other method makes use of the relationship expressed by Darcy's Law for one-dimensional, isothermal, vertical flow of water, considered here as the drainage rate from the root zone. D = -k ( ||) (5) where H (cm. of H-0) i s the hydraulic head at depth _ (cm.) and i s given by H = -T - _, where T (cm. of H^O) i s the matric suction and the depth i s positive downward and is measured from the soil surface. dH Thus, the term -j-- is the driving force or hydraulic gradient. The hydraulic conductivity, k ..(mm./day), i s a characteristic of the soil which expresses i t s ability to transmit water. This ability i s strongly dependent on the water content, B, of the s o i l . The f i e l d determination of the hydraulic conductivity can be accomplished by u t i l i z i n g aspects of the work of Rose and Stern (1965). By substituting (5) into (4) and expressing in integral form of the s o i l water profile and neglecting P and G, an expression for the rate of depletion of water tD the lower l i m i t of the root zone-where _ = L i s given as follows: ( _ dt ) dZ 1 = (6) * d_l Solving (6) for the hydraulic conductivity, k, at depth L, i f E i s zero, results i n : j k = \L , dB (7) I dHI ld_l. Experimental Procedure The experiment was conducted between July 7 and July 22, 1970 at the University of B r i t i s h Columbia Research Forest near Haney, B.C. The s o i l was a Capilano gravelly sandy loam develop- ed on an outwash terrace overlying a glaciomarine deposit. Following the tractor logging of the area in 1957, the s i t e was cleared by p i l i n g and burning. In 1959, the area was planted to 2-0 Dauglas f i r an an 8x8 foot spacing. At the time of the experiment, the crowns had' just closed and the average canopy height was 20 feet. Instrumentation The energy status of the s o i l water at the study site was monitored continuously by the tensiometer-pressure described in Chapter I. transducer system Measurements were recorded on a 15 cm. wide strip-chart recorder every 30 minutes ar five depths of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 cm. i n the s o i l . S o i l water storage was monitored from four access tubes i n s t a l l e d around the tensiometer cups by p r e - d r i l l ing holes with a portable power auger, driving the access tubes and b a c k f i l l i n g to prevent precipitation inwashing. The neutron moisture meter (Troxler) was f i e l d calibrated according to the method developed by Rawitz (1969) of simultaneous neutron and gravimetric sampling. The c a l i b r a t i o n curve yielded a standard error of the e s t i - mate of volumetric water content of - 0.003 cm."3/ cm."5 and an r 2 of 0.91. Readings were taken at a l l five depths as close as possi- ble to a daily schedule. Gravimetric samples were also taken but, in the stony s o i l the r e l a t i v e l y greater degree of s p a t i a l integra- tion accomplished by the neutron moisture meter rendered the l a t t e r determinations preferable (Van Bavel e_t a l . 1963). was measured d a i l y , when necessary, I\!et precipitation by means of a standard Canadian Meteorological rain gauge. The companion study of daily evapotranspiration measurement using the energy balance approach, and referred to i n the introduction of t h i s chapter, was conducted, on the same s i t e . F i e l d determination Df hydraulic conductivity In order to evaluate k in accordance with the theory developed by Rose and Stern (1965), a k5 gallon o i l drum with both ends removed was pushed into the s o i l to a depth of 80 centimeters. This yielded a cylinder of undisturbed s o i l isolated from the surrounding s o i l and thereby free of the effects of both l a t e r a l flow and root extraction Df s o i l water. A neutron moisture meter access tube was driven into the center of the s o i l column. Hydraulic heads at depths of 30, 45, 60 and 75 cm. were monitored for three weeks using a similar tensiometer-pressure cribed i n Chapter I. transducer system to that des- At the start of the experiment the s o i l column was saturated and then covered with p l a s t i c sheeting to prevent evaporation. Changes i n water content were monitored at the same four depths by the neutron moisture meter for the three week duration of.the experiment. At the end of the experiment the hydraulic conductivity characteristics of the s o i l were determined by (7). Analysis and Results S o i l water characteristics The s o i l p r o f i l e i s t y p i f i e d by three d i s t i n c t layers, 0 to 60 centimeters, 60 to 90 centimeters and 90 to 150 c e n t i - meters, each with differing physical properties that affect mater behavior. soil The bulk density and stone content evaluated i n the laboratory from s o i l core samples are compared in Table III. Water retention curves mere developed from the same s o i l cores i n the lab for the 0 to 60 cm. (root zone) and 60 to 90 cm. (drainage zone) s o i l layers and are presented in Figure 5. The hydraulic conduc- t i v i t y characteristic of the 60 to 90 cm. s o i l layer, as determined from f i e l d data, i s presented in Figure 6. As can be seen from Figures 5 and 6, both the suctions and conductivities change by several orders of magnitude over a narrow range of water content due to the coarse texture of the s o i l . Table III. Physical S o i l Property Bulk density and stone content values" of three s o i l layers. 0-60 cm. S o i l Layer 60 - 90 cm. 90 - 120 cm. - mean values and ranges Bulk density (gm/cm^) Stone content , 3. 3. (cm /cm ) 0.84 i 0.06 1.47 i 0.03 1.61 - 0.05 0.20 i 0.02 0.23 - 0.05 0.42 * 0.08 The root zone Any rigorous method of calculating drainage requires an accurate measurement of the root zone depth. In the experimental O.fol 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 > 1 I 1 1 1 I I I r o 1 O I ZO AO GO 80 IOO 120 TENSION Figure 5. 1 I 140 l&O 180 200 (CM.H2 ) 0 Water retention curves for the 0 - 6 0 cm. and 60 - 90 cm. s o i l layers of Capilano gravelly sandy loam. Figure 6. Hydraulic conductivity characteristic of the 50-90 cm. layer of Capilano gravelly sandy loam. site, the i n c r e a s i n g bulk d e n s i t y below 60 centimeters of soil depth formed a- b a r r i e r to the downward p r o g r e s s i o n of r o o t s . This f a c t o r i n c o n j u n c t i o n with a root d e n s i t y a n a l y s i s suggested a maxi- mum r o o t i n g depth of 75 centimeters, which f o r the most p a r t , i n - cluded a 15 centimeter s a f e t y margin. between 30 and 60 centimeter Maximum r o o t d e n s i t y occurred depth. Drainage c a l c u l a t i o n by the Darcy Law method D a i l y values of r o o t zone drainage, 75 centimeters were c a l c u l a t e d by equation of D, at depth, (5). of Mean d a i l y values k are obtained from Figure 6 using the mean d a i l y value of T at _ = 75 cm. which i s the average of T at _ = 60 cm. and _ = 90 cm. dH Appropriate values of the h y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t , -JT=- , were taken the d a i l y h y d r a u l i c head p r o f i l e s shown i n Figure 7 with r e f e r e n c e to p r o f i l e centimeter soil The from specific segments bounded by the 60 centimeter and 90 depths. daily profiles, developed from the averaged 30 minute h y d r a u l i c head values, r e q u i r e some e x p l a n a t i o n . The most n o t i c e - able aspect of the p r o f i l e s i s that i n the upper s o i l l a y e r s the change of h y d r a u l i c head with time i n c r e a s e s g r e a t l y during the p e r i o d of o b s e r v a t i o n s ; while i n the lower l a y e r s the change over time i s s m a l l . The d i f f e r e n c e i s e x p l a i n e d by the evapotranspira- t i o n draught from the r o o t zone and the e x i s t a n c e of a ground- water t a b l e below 120 c e n t i m e t e r s . As shown i n F i g u r e 9, J u l y 8 and drainage between J u l y 13 the h y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t produced a p o s i t i v e or a l o s s of water from the root zone. Following the Figure 7. Mean daily hydraulic head profiles for July 8 to July 22. naarly zero gradient between I = 60 to 90 cm. on July 14, the hydraulic gradient was such as to cause a negative drainage or a gain of water to the root zone from the groundwater table. Drainage calculated from the water balance equation The calculation of drainage by the water balance equation (4) required daily measurements of net precipitation (zero for the duration of the experiment), evapotranspiration, root zone s o i l water storage. and the change i n Surface runoff i s t y p i c a l l y zero for most undisturbed forested areas in coastal B.C. (Idillington, 1969). The results of the separate evaluation of daily evapotranspiration by means of the energy balance method are shown i n Figure 8. The r e l i a b i l i t y and accuracy of this data has been judged to be within - 5% by Black and McNaughton (1971). The daily change i n water storage as measured by the neutron moisture meter and gravimetric sampling for the 0 to 75 centimeter root zone for the duration of the study i s also shown in Figure 8. From daily values of the evapotranspiration and of change in s o i l water storage, the daily drainage from the root zone can be calculated for comparison with values obtained by the Darcy Law method. Such a comparison i s shown in Figure 9. A further comparison of the values of daily drainage rates i s through a regression of one on the other. The regression F i g u r e B. D a i l y e v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n and root zone mater storage f o r the d u r a t i o n of the study. 8 T 5 O I 1 i i .VDRAII^A&E T" "I BY WATER T 1 1 T BALANCE "T -r KA-THOO _ _ V^RAmAGiE CD < BY DARCY LAW METHOD < C_ D > _J / \ < _l T S 9 I 1_ IO II _l 12 13 IME Figure 9. 14 15 (JULY Ifo n L. 18 19 2 0 21 2 2 DAYS) Daily root zone drainage as determined from Darcy's Law method and the water balance method respectively. equation i s o f t h e f o l l o w i n g form: CD This . water equation, estimate . . ) balance based = 0.32 and an r Discussion values of daily obvious error ful reasonable i n interpreting Errors Darcy Law method ductivity the mately Darcy deviations are visable. i n the daily arise o f these drainage values i n the determination root zone An i s help- deviations. c a l c u l a t e d by t h e of the hydraulic con- Errors i n the determination of - 5% a n d f o r t h e l a t t e r e r r o r o f - 20% w h i c h are approxi- represents e r r o r o f - 1.30 mm./day i n t h e d r a i n a g e a maximum c a l c u l a t e d by t h e Law m e t h o d . calculated the period by t h e w a t e r t h e change Errors the significance are approximately For of term derived by r e g r e s s i o n , i s n o t a s methods o f c a l c u l a t i n g i 15% f o r a t o t a l absolute short e r r o r o fthe a n d Summary and h y d r a u l i c gradient. former has a standard (8) o f 0.93. as revealed 9 where a n a l y s i s o f both _ . .. • ) Dn a r c y ' s L a w agreement i n t h e independently drainage, i n Figure (D 1.20 o n 15 o b s e r v a t i o n s , o f - 0 . 7 6 mm./day The + i n root of the study, balance zone i n the determination soil method water errors i n the daily arise storage of the former drainage i n the determination and e v a p o t r a n s p i r a t i o n . are approximately - 2.25 mm./day and for the l a t t e r are approximately - 5% or a maximum of - 0.22 mm./day for a t o t a l maximum error of - 2.47 mm./day i n the drainage calculated by the water balance method. In both methods, the major error source i s that of root zone s o i l water storage determination which can only be measured to within - 2.25 mm. with the neutron moisture meter since the c a l i bration curve has a standard error of the estimate of - 0.003 mm. The depletion of root zone s o i l water storage used in the calculation of the hydraulic conductivity for the Darcy Law drainage c a l culation method i s more r e l i a b l e than that used in the water balance drainage calculation method since neutron observations were made for the former at three depths i n the root zone but only two depths for the l a t t e r . Based on t h i s and the preceding error analysis, drainage values calculated from the Darcy Law method are the daily 1 more re- l i a b l e than those calculated from the water balance method. It would seem, moreover, that since the measurement of s o i l water storage i n stony s o i l s i s a problem requiring more research (Reinhart, 1961), the more desirable approach to the assessment of the water balance i s one that does not require continuous monitoring of root zone s a i l water storage. Figure 10 i s an interesting summary in that the rate of evapotranspiration accumulation i s nearly constant with time from July 8 to July 22, despite the decrease i n root zone s o i l water storage (Figure 8). This apparent contradiction i s explained by -Or 55 50h 2 A5[ _ 1 4<4 r- a 35- 0 Ui > 3o E-VAPOTRANSPlftATIOrl 25 _l D _ D o ;ROOr ZONE D R A I W A C . E COAWCYS Uw) •5 J 8 9 L JO II 12 JL J (3 14 T I M E L 15 ( - J U L Y l_ _L J L IT 18 19 J 20 2.1 L 22 D A Y S ) Figure 10. Cumulative evapotranspiration and root zone drainage (Darcy's Law) for the duration of the; study. the cumulative root zone drainage curve which shows a decreasing accumulation of positive drainage u n t i l July 14 when an increasing accumulation of negative drainage begins. Thus, through a flow of water into the root zone from the s o i l water reservoir below the root zone, the evapotranspiration function of the plantation could continue unimpeded. This explains the importance of knowing both the rate and direction of root zone drainage,, in interpreting the water balance of vegetated ecosystems. A further consequence of the existence of negative drainage i s that i t voids the application of the model of Black et a l . (1970) which relates drainage to the average water content Df the root zone. The data presented in this paper emphasizes the im- portance of the direction and magnitude of the driving force as i t effects the water balance of the root zone. It i s possible, for example, that at the same root zone s o i l water content and similar hydraulic conductivity, a wide range of drainage rates either positive or negative drainage rates can occur depending on the direction and magnitude of the hydraulic gradient. Conclusion Several conclusions can be drawn from this study. f i r s t of these i s that i n stony, forested s o i l s , The root zone drain- age calculated from Darcy's Law i s more r e l i a b l e than root zone drainage calculated by the water balance equation. This i s primar- i l y due to the fact that the Darcy Law method requires only a monitoring of thB s o i l water energy s t a t u s at two depths across the lower l i m i t of the root zone and a r e l i a b l e hydraulic conductivity c h a r a c t e r i s t i c , determined i n s i t u , for the s o i l . This method i s p r a c t i c a l in that i t s simplicity permits operation by a technician. The water balance method i s more complex and requires the monitoring of s o i l water storage with i t s inherent inaccuracies when applied to stony s o i l s . With the discovery of the existence of both positive and negative drainage in the s i t e studied, the importance of root zone drainage to the managing forester becomes evident. If the s a i l water storage of the root zone of a s i t e can be supplemented by negative drainage, the p o s s i b i l i t y of a s o i l water d e f i c i t occurring i s reduced. The s i t e can thus be expected to be of higher quality than might otherwise have been appraised. The value of drainage data in forest management can be easily recognized, but the p r a c t i c a b i l i t y of c o l l e c t i n g such data i s necessarily contingent upon economic considerations of the management function. LITERATURE CITED Introduction BLACK, T . A . , LJ.R.GARDNER and G.LU. THURTELL. 1969. The prediction of evaporation, drainage and s o i l water storage for a bare s o i l . S o i l S c i . Soc. Amer. Proc. 33:655-660. , W.R. GARDNER and C.B. TANNER. 1970. Water storage and drainage under a row crop on a sandy s o i l . Agron Jour. 62:48-51. GARDNER, W.R. 1964. Relation of root distribution to water uptake and a v a i l a b i l i t y . Agron. Jour. 56:41-45. ROSE, C.W. and W.R. STERN. 1967. Determination of withdrawal of water from s o i l by crop roots as a function of depth and time. Aust. Jour. S o i l Res. 5:11-19. VAN BAVEL, C.H.M., K.J. BRUST and G.B. STIRK. 1968. Hydraulic properties of a clay loam s o i l and the f i e l d measurement of water uptake by roots. II. The water balance of the root zone. S o i l S c i . Soc. Amer. Proc. 32:317-321. Chapter I ALLISON, F . E . , E.M. ROLLER and J.E.. ADAMS. 1959. Soil f e r t i l i t y studies in lysimeters containing Lakeland sand. U.S.D.A. Tech. B u l l . 1199. BIANCHI, W.C. and R. TOVEY. 1968. Continuous monitoring of s o i l moisture tension p r o f i l e s . A . S . E . A . Transactions 11: 441-447. BLACK, T.W., W.R. GARDNER and C.B. TANNER. 1970. Water storage and drainage under a row crop Dn a sandy s o i l . Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 62:48-51. BROWN, R.W. 1970. Measurement of water potential with thermocouple psychrometers: construction and applications. U.S.D.A. For. Ser. Intermountain For. and Range Exp. Sta. Res. Pap. INT-80 27pp. BRULHART, von A. 1969. Jahreszeitliche veranderungen der wasserbindung und der wasserbewegung in waldbb'den des schweizerischen Mittellandes. Schweizerische Anstalt fur das Forstliche Versuchswesen Mitteilungen. 45(2) 232 pp. CARY, J.UJ. 1970. Measuring unsaturated s o i l moisture flow with a meter. S o i l S c i . Soc. Amer. Proc. 34:24-27. COLE, D.W. 1958. 296. Alundum tension lysimeter. Soil Sci. 85:293- , S.P. GESSEL and E . E . HELD. 1961. Tension lysimeter studies of ion and moisture movement in g l a c i a l t i l l and coral a t o l l s o i l s . S o i l S c i . Soc. Amer. Proc. 25:321-325. COLEMAN, E.A.. 1946. A laboratory study of lysimeter drainage under controlled s o i l moisture tension. Soil S c i . 62:365-382. DREIBELBIS, F.R. and J . L . McGUIIMNESS. 1957. Plant nutrient losses in lysimeter percolates. Agron. Jour. 49:523-527. HARROLD, L . L - and F.R. DREIBELBIS. 1951. Agricultural hydrology as evaluated by monolith lysimeters. U.S.D.A. Tech. B u l l . 1050. KLUTE, A. and D.B.. PETERS. 1962. A recording tensiometer with a short response time. S o i l S c i . Soc. Amer. Proc. 26:8788. LA RUE, M . E . , D.R. NIELSEN and R.M.. HA GEN. 1968. S o i l water flux below a ryegrass root zone. Agron.Jour. 60:625-629. NIELSEN, D.R., J.M. DAVIDSON, J.ld. BIGGAR and R.J. MILLER. 1964. Water movement through Panache clay loam. Hilgardia. 35:491-506. RAWLINS, S . L . , W.R. GARDNER and F.N. DALTON. 1968. In situ measurement of s o i l and plant leaf water p o t e n t i a l . S c i . Soc. Amer. Proc. 32:468-470. Soil RENGER, M . , W. GIESEL, 0. STREBEL and S. LORCH. 1970. Erste ergebnisse zur quantitativen erfassung der wasserhausehaltskomponenten in der ungesattigen bodenzone. _ e i t s c h r i f t fiir Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenhunde. 126(1):15-34. RICE, R. 1967. A fast-response f i e l d tensiometer system. Transactions. 10:430-438. A.S.E.A. RICH, L.R. 1959. Hydrologic research using lysimeters of undisturbed s o i l blacks. Symp. Hannaversch Muden. Lysimeters. 49:139-145. RICHARDS, L . A . 1931. Capillary conduction of l i q u i d s through porous mediums. Physics. (1):318-333. . 1949. Methods of measuring s o i l moisture tension. Soil S c i . 68:95-112. , O.R.. NEAL and M.B. RUSSELL. 1939. Observations on moisture conditions in lysimeters; II. Soil S c i . Soc. Amer. Proc. 4:55-59. , and G. OGATA. 1958. Thermocouple for vapor pressure measurements i n b i o l o g i c a l and s o i l systems at high humid.ity. Science. 128:1089-1090. ROSE, C U . , U.R. STERN and J . E . DRUMMOiMD. 1965. Determination of hydraulic conductivity as a function of depth and water content for s o i l in s i t u . Aust. Oour. S o i l Res. 3:1-9. STREBEL, 0. 1970. Messung der bodenwasserspannumg mit Hg-manometertensiomern bei lufttemperaturen unter 0 ° C. _eits c h r i f t fur Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde. 126(2): 111-116. , U.R. GIESEL, M. REftlGER and S. LORCH. 1970. Automatische registrierung der bodenwasserspannung im gelande mit druckauf nehmertensiometer. _ e i t s c h r i f t fiir Pf lanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde. 126 (1):15-32. VAN BAVEL, C.H.M., G.B. STIRK and H.J. BRUST. 1968. Hydraulic properties of a clay loam and the f i e l d measurement of water uptake by roots. I - III. S o i l S c i . Soc. Amer. Proc. 32:310-326. UALLIHAM, E . F . 1940. Soc. Agron. An improvement in lysimeter design. 32:395-404. J. Amer. UATSON, K.K. 1965. Some operating characteristics of a rapid response tensiometer system. Uater Resource Res. 1(4):577586. Chapter II BLACK, T.A.., U.R. GARDNER and C.B. TANNER. 1970. Uater storage and drainage under a row crap an a sandy s o i l . Agron. Jour. 62:48-51. , and H.G. McNAUGHTON. 1971. Average Bowen ratio methods of calculating evapotranspiration applied to a Douglas f i r forest. Boundary-Layer Meteor. 2:: i n press RAUITZ, E . 1969. Installation and f i e l d c a l i b r a t i o n of neutronscatter equipment for hydrologic research in heterogeneous and stony s a i l s . Uater Resource Res. 5:519-523. REINHART, K.G. 1961. The problem of stones i n soil-moisture measurement. S o i l S c i . Soc. Amer. Proc. 25:268-270. ROSE, W.R. STERN and J . E . DRUMMOND. 1965. Determination of hydraulic conductivity as a function of depth and water content for s o i l i n s i t u . Aust. Jour. S o i l Res. 3:1-9. C.UJ., VAN BAVEL, C.H.M., P.R. NIXON and V . L . HAUSER. 1963. S o i l moisture measurement with the neutron method. U.S.D.A. ARS 41-70. WILLIIMGTON, R.P. 1969. and skidroads coarse g l a c i a l M.Sc. Thesis. Some effects of slashburning, clearcutting on the physical-hydrologic properties of s o i l s i n coastal B r i t i s h Columbia. Unpub. University of B r i t i s h Columbia. 149 pp. APPENDIX Soil Frofile I Description and Photographic D e s c r i p t i o n of Study Site SOIL. PROFILE DESCRIPTION Capilano Gravelly Sandy Loam coniferous and deciduous debris i n t e r mixed with a dense moss cover 2 - 1 0 cm. of f e l t y , p a r t i a l l y decomposed debris with moderate levels of fungal hyphae 2-5 Ae 0-5 cm. Bfh 5 - 30 cm. cm. of granular, dark humus 10 YR k/Z dark greyish brown, sandy loam weak subangular blocky, non-sticky, nonp l a s t i c , f r i a b l e , many roots with a gradual lower boundary 10 YR k/U dark yellowish brown, sandy loam, weak subangular blocky, non-sticky, nonp l a s t i c , f r i a b l e , many roots with a gradual lower boundary Bf 30 - 60 cm. 5 YR k/B yellowish red, loamy sand, weak subangular blocky, granular, non-sticky, non-plastic, f r i a b l e , many roots with a d i s t i n c t lower boundary BC 60 - 90 cm. 10 YR 5/B l i g h t brownish grey, loamy sand, lenses of well sorted sand, single grain, non-sticky, non-plastic, f r i a b l e , few;roots with a d i s t i n c t lower boundary C 90 cm.+ 10 YR 6/6 yellowish brown, gravelly sand, structureless, massive, Whatcom glaciomarine, no roots Aerial photograph of study area showing: (A) Instrument shed (B) Water balance study p l o t , and (C) Bowen r a t i o machine. Location of hydraulic lines (A) leading t D tensiometer cups and the rain gauge (B) r e l a t i v e to a 4.1 in. D.B.H. plantation Douglas f i r Relative locations of tensiometer cups (foreground), instrument box and Bowen r a t i o machine support tower. Location of instrument shed uithin the Douglas f i r plantation. Rooting zone of Capilano gravelly sandy loam. -Mt- APPEIVDIX I I Photographic Description of F i e l d Instrumentation Close-up of rain gauge and the tee-joints and the de-airing caps of the tensiometerpressure transducer system hydraulic l i n e s . Inside of pressure trsnsducer box shouin (A) Pressure transducers (B) Thermostat (C) Heating element Instrument box for housing power supply and thermoregulator for tensiometer-pressure transducer syste I s o l a t e d column of s o i l used f o r f i e l d of determination h y d r a u l i c c o n d u c t i v i t y showing: (A) Neutron moisture meter access (B) H y d r a u l i c l i n e s f o r tensiometer-pressure transducer system. tube Neutron moisture meter (A) i n s t a l l e d on access tube of s o i l column for detection of mater content by (B) scalar-ratementar i t y experiment. in hydraulic conductiv- Inside the instrument shed showing most of the data pickup equipment including: (A) Bowen r a t i o trace (B) Soil water energy status trace Close-up of instrument shed. APPENDIX I I I Neutron Moisture Meter C a l i b r a t i o n Curve V O L U M E T R I C W A T E R C O N T E N T , Q (CM^CM'^ APPENDIX IV Complete Record of Hydraulic Head and Matric Suction Data for Five S o i l Depths DATE J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 30 100 130 200 230 300 330 4CG 430 500 530 6C0 630 700 73G 8C0 830 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 12 0 0 1230 1300 1330 140C 1430 1500 1530 16C0 1630 1700 1 730 1800 1830 19C0 1930 2000 2030 21C0 2130 2200 223G 2300 2330 110.35 110 .35 111.85 113.35 113.35 112.60 111.85 113.35 112.60 111.10 108.84 108 .84 109.59 110.35 112.60 111.85 1 1 1 . 10 1 1 1 . 10 114.10 114.86 114.86 115 .61 114.10 114,86 113.35 114.10 112.60 111.85 112.60 112.60 1 1 4 . 10 114.10 114.86 117.11 117 .86 120.12 120.12 1 2 0 . 12 120.12 119.37 119.37 -110.68 -108.23 -111 .50 -112.31 -111.50 -110.68 -111.50 -112.31 -110.68 -110.68 -110.68 -108.23 -110.68 - 110.68 -110.68 -111 .50 -111.50 -113.13 -113.13 -114.76 -114.76 -115.58 -113.95 -113.95 -113.13 -111 .50 -110.68 -109.86 -110.68 -109.05 -110.68 -109.05 -110.63 -111.50 -111.50 -113.13 -113.95 -113.95 -113.13 -113.13 -112.31 -110.68 -110.68 -111.50 -113.95 -113.95 -113.95 -114.3 6 - 1 2 8 .10 -131.45 -130.61 -128.93 -128 .10 -128.10 -128.93 -128.93 - 1 2 8 . 10 -126.42 -128.10 -130.61 -128 .93 -128.10 -127 .26 -131.45 - 1 2 8 . 10 - 1 2 9 .77 -130.61 -132.28 - 1 3 2 .28 -132.28 -132.28 -131.45 -128.10 - 1 2 8 .9 3 -128.10 - 1 2 8 .10 -125.59 -12 3.91 -125.59 -125.59 -128.10 -128.10 -128 .93 -130.61 -131.45 -131.45 - 1 2 9 .77 -130.61 -129.7 7 - 1 2 8 .9 3 -128.10 -128.93 -130.61 -130.61 -130.61 - 1 3 1 .45 -130.2 3 - 130.23 - 1 3 1 .03 -131.03 -131. C3 -131.83 -131.03 - 1 3 1 . C3 -130.23 -130.23 -130.23 -127.84 -130.23 - 1 3 1 . 83 - 1 3 0 . 23 -131.03 -130.23 - 1 3 1 . 83 -133.42 -134.22 -133.42 -135.02 - 1 3 3 .42 -131.83 -131.8 3 -131.03 -129.44 - 1 2 9 . 44 -129.44 -131.03 -130.23 119 . 37 117.86 117.86 1 2 0 .87 120.87 120.87 120.87 - 13 1. C 3 -131.03 -130.23 - 1 3 1 . 03 -131.83 -132.63 -131.83 -131.83 -131.03 -130.23 -129.44 -129.44 -131.03 - 1 3 1 . 83 -131.83 -131.83 - 1 3 1 . C3 - 1 2 5". 5 9 -124.76 -12 5.59 -125.59 -121.43 -1.25.59 -123.09 -124.76 -125.59 -124.76 -12 6.43 -125.59 -127.26 -124.76 -126.43 -123.93 -125.59 -119.76 -118.93 - 1 1 9 .76 -118.9.3 - 119.76 -119.76 -118.93 -125.59 -12 5.59 -124.76 -125.59 -127.26 - 1 2 8 .92 -12 7.26 -125.59 - 1 2 7 .26 -130.59 -125.59 -125.59 - 1 2 3 .93 -123.93 -124.76 -125.59 -127.26 -127.2 6 -129.76 -127.26 -128.09 -125.59 -126.43 -124.76 DATE J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 30 IOC 130 200 230 300 330 400 43 0 500 530 6G0 630 700 730 800 830 9G0 93 0 1000 103 0 1100 1130 1200 12 30 1300 1330 1400 1430 15G0 1530 1600 1630 1700 1 730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 22 30 2300 2330 120.87 1 2 0 .87 121.62 121.62 121.25 120.87 120.87 1 2 0 . 12 -114.27 -114.19 -113.95 -113.95 -113.95 -114.76 -113,95 -113795 -112.31 -111.50 - 109.05 -110.63 -110.68 -112.31 -113.95 -114.76 -115.58 -115.58 -115.58 -116.40 -116.40 -116.40 -115.58 -114.76 -117.21 -114.76 -116.40 - 1 1 7 . 21 -117.46 -118.03 - 1 1 8 . 85 -118.03 -118.85 -119.66 -119.66 -119.66 -120.48 -119.66 -118.03 -118.03 -118.G3 -118.03 -119.66 -122.11 - 1 2 2 .11 - 1 2 2 .11 - 1 2 1 .30 -121.30 • 1 1 9 .37 116.36 115.61 117 .86 117.86 120.12 120.87 121.62 121.62 121.62 121.62 121.62 121.62 1 2 0 .87 120.87 120.12 12 0.87 120.87 121.62 12 3 . 1 2 123.12 123.12 125.38 125.38 126.13 127.63 127.63 128.39 129.14 129.89 129.14 129.89 130.64 130 .64 131.39 133.65 134.40 134.40 133.65 13 3 . 6 5 9 0 CM DEPTH -132.28 - 129 . 7 7 -132.28 -132.28 -130.61 -130.61 -132.28 -128 .93 - 1 2 8 . 10 -126.42 -128.10 -128.10 - 1 2 8 .9 3 -128.93 -130.61 -132.28 -136.47 -136.47 -136.47 -137.31 -136.4 7 -133.96 -132.28 -131.45 -132.28 -131.45 -132.28 -133.12 -133.12 -132.28 -132.28 -133.12 -132.28 -133.96 -134.38 -134.79 -133.9 6 - 1 3 3 .96 -133.12 -133.12 -133.12 -133.12 -134.79 -136.47 - 1 3 5 .63 -135.63 -134.79 -133.96 12 0 CM DEPTH -131.83 -131.83 -131.83 - 1 3 1 . 83 -130. 23 - 131.83 -13 0.23 -131.03 -129.44 -127.04 - 1 2 8. 6 4 - 1 2 9. 4 4 -130.23 -130.23 -131.C3 -131.8 3 -132.63 -133.42 - 134.22 -135.02 -138.21 - 1 3 2 . 63 -132.6 3 -131.83 - 131.83 -131.83 -131.83 -135.02 -135.C2 -134.22 -134.22 -135.C2 -134.22 -135.82 -135.82 -135.8 2 -134.22 -133.42 -134.22 - 1 3 3 .42 -133.42 - 132.63 -135.02 -136.61 - 1 3 5 . 82 -135.82 -135.82 -135.02 -12 5.59 -12.5.59 -125.59 -125.59 -127.26 -128.09 -125.59 -132.26 -130.59 -132 .26 -132.26 -129.76 - 1 3 2 .2 6 -126.43 -125.59 -124.76 -121.43 -119.76 -118.93 -121.43 -118.93 -125.59 -125.59 -12 4.76 -125.59 -123.93 -126.43 -127.26 -126.43 -125.59 -125.59 -127.26 -126.43 -125.59 -126.43 -126.43 - 1 2 8 .92 -12 6.43 -126.43 -129.76 -128.92 -128.09 -129.76 -125.59 ~126.43 - 125.59 -126.43 -127.26 DATE J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 TIME (HOURS ) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 0000 30 100 130 200 230 3C0 330 400 430 5C0 530 600 63 0 700 730 80 0 830 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 180 0 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 132.90 131.39 130 .64 129.89 128.39 1 28 .39 129.14 128.39 128.39 128 .76 129.14 129.89 130 .64 132.90 1 3 2 . 14 132.14 131.39 129.89 -120.48 - 119.66 -118.03 -119.66 -118.85 -116.40 -117.21 -117.21 -117.21 -118.03 -118.85 -118.03 -119.66 -120.48 -122.93 -122.93 -122.11 -121.30 -122.11 -122 .11 -122.11 -122.11 -121 .30 -120.48 -120.48 -122.93 -122 .11 -122,93 -122.11 -122.11 -122,93 - 1 2 2 .93 -122.93 -122.93 -123.75 -123.75 -12 2 .93 -123.75 -123.75 -123.75 -123.75 -123.75 - 1 2 3 .75 -124.57 -125.38 -124.57 -123.75 -123.75 -133.96 -133.12 -132.70 -132.23 -132.28 -131.45 -131.45 -131.45 -131.45 -131.86 -132.28 -133.12 -133.12 -133.96 -136,47 -135.63 -134.79 -136.47 -136.47 -135.63 -135.63 -135.63 -134.79 -133.96 -134.79 -135.63 -134.79 -136.47 -134.79 -134.79 -134.79 -135.63 -134.79 -134.79 -135.63 -136.47 -135.63 -136.47 -135.63 -134.79 -135.63 - 1 3 5 .63 -136.47 -137.31 -137.31 -136.47 -135.63 -135.63 - 1 3 5 .02 -133.4 2 -133.42 -132.63 -132. 6 3 -131.83 -131.8 3 -131.83 - 1 3 1.83 -131.83 - 1 3 2 .63 -133.42 -135.C2 -135.82 -136.61 -135.82 -135.02 -135.G2 - 1 3 5 . C2 -135.82 -135.02 -134. 22 -134.2 2 -134.22 -135.02 1 2 9 .89 129.14 129.14 129.14 129 . 8 9 129.89 129.89 130 .64 12 9.89 131.39 1 3 2 .90 132.90 132.90 1 3 2 .14 132.90 123.65 13 3 . 6 5 134.40 135.90 136.65 1 3 8 .9 1 138.91 139.66 139 .66 140.41 141.17 142.67 142.67 141.92 141.92 - 13 5 . G 2 -136.61 -135.02 - 134.22 -135.02 -135.82 -135.82 -134.22 -135.02 -134.2 2 -134.22 -134.22 -134.22 - 1 3 5 . C2 -134.22 -134.22 -134.22 -134.22 -134.22 -135.82 -135.C2 - 1 3 5 .02 -135.02 -127.26 -128.09 -128.09 - 1 2 8 .92 -129.76 -129.76 -130.59 - 1 3 0 .59 -130.59 -131.42 - 1 2 8 .92 -128.92 -127.26 - 1 2 8 .09 - 1 2 7.2 6 -126.43 -126.43 -126.43 -126.43 -126.43 -12 6.43 -127.26 -127.26 -127.26 -12 8.09 -126.43 - 1 2 5 .59 -127.26 -127.26 -127.26 -127.26 -129.76 -129.76 - 1 3 0 .59 -130.59 -130.59 -129.76 -130.59 -130.59 - 1 3 1 .42 -130.59 -130.59 - 131.42 - 1 3 0 .59 -129.76 - 130.59 -130.59 - 1 3 0 .59 DATE J10 J 10 JIG J10 J 10 J 10 J10 J10 J 10 J10 J10 J 10 J10 J10 J10 J10 J10 JIG J 10 J10 JIG J 10 J10 J10 J 10 J10 J10 J10 J 10 J10 J 10 J10 J10 J10 J 10 J10 J10 J 10 J 10 J10 J 10 J 10 J10 J10 J 10 J10 J10 J 10 TIME (HOURS ) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 0 0 CO 30 100 130 2C0 230 300 33 0 400 430 5C0 530 600 630 700 730 800 83G 900 93 0 100 0 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 150 0 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1 800 1830 1900 193 0 20G0 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 141.92 141.92 141 .92 140.41 140.41 140.41 141.17 1 4 1 . 17 141.92 1 4 1 .92 141.17 141.17 -124.57 -124.57 -124.57 - 1 2 3 .75 -124.57 -124.57 -124.57 -124.57 -125.38 -125.38 -126.20 - 1 2 5.38 -124.57 - 1 2 5 .38 -125.38 -127.02 -125.38 -125.38 -126.20 -125.38 -124.57 -126.20 -124.57 -126.20 -126.20 -127.02 -125.38 -127.02 -127.02 -12 7.02 -126.20 -127.02 -127.02 -127.02 -128.65 -129.47 - 1 3 0 .28 -129.47 - 1 2 9 . 47 - 1 3 0 .28 -129.47 -130.28 - 1 3 1 .10 - 1 3 1 .92 - 1 3 1 .10 - 1 3 1 .92 -131.92 -131.10 1 4 1 .17 139.66 140.41 141.17 138 .91 139.66 140.41 138 .16 138.16 138.16 1 3 8 .16 138.16 138.91 139.66 138 .91 139.6 6 139.66 139 .66 138.91 14G.41 1 4 2 .67 144.17 144.92 147.93 1 4 8 .68 151.69 152.44 152 .44 152.44 1 5 3 . 19 153.94 155.45 156.20 156.20 155.45 156.20 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -136.47 -13 5.02 -136.4 7 -.134. 2 2 - 137 . 3 1 - 1 3 5 . C2 -136.47 -134.22 -136.47 -13 5.82 -136.4 7 -135.02 -136.47 -135.C2 -137.31 -135.02 -136.47 -135.02 -136.47 - 1 3 4 . 22 -136.47 -136.61 -136.47 -135.82 -135.63 - 135.C2 -135.63 - 135.82 -136.47 -136.61 -137.31 - 1 3 5.82 -137.31 - 135.8 2 -137.31 -135.82 -138.14 - 1 3 5 . 82 -136.47 -134.22 -134.79 -134.22 -136.47 -135.82 -135.63 -134.22 -136.47 - 1 3 5.02 -136.47 -135.82 -135.63 -136.61 -136.47 -135.82 -136.47 -136.61 -136.4 7 -135.82 -136.47 -135.82 -136.47 - 1 3 5 .02 -136.4 7 -136.61 -137 .31 -135.82 -136.47 -136.6 1 -138.14 -136.61 -137.31 -138.2 1 -138.98 -137.4 1 -138.14 -139.01 -138.9 8 -138.21 -139.82 -137.41 -138 .98 -1.37.4 1 -139.8 2 -139.01 -140.66 -139.Cl -141.49 -139.01 -141.49 -139.01 -141.49 - 138. 21 -141.49 138.21 -140.66 -137.41 -130.59 -130.5 9 -131.42 -131.42 -131.42 -131.42 - 131.42 - 1 3 1 .42 -132.26 -130.59 -130.59 -130.59 -131.42 -129.76 - 1 2 9 .76 -129.76 -129.76 - 1 2 9 .76 -130.59 -129.76 -130.59 -129.76 -130.59 -132.26 -131.42 -129.76 -132.26 - 1 3 0 .59 -133.09 -132.26 - 1 2 9 .76 -131.42 -131.42 - 1 3 1 .42 - 1 3 2 .26 -129.76 -131.42 -129.76 -130.59 -130.59 -131.42 -130.5 9 -130.59 -129.76 -130.59 -130.59 -128.92 -130.59 DATE J l l J11 J l l Jll J l l J l l J l l Jll J l l Jll J11 J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l Jll J l l J l l Jll J l l J11 J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l Jll J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J l l J11 J l l J l l J l l TIME { HO UR S ) 0000 30 100 130 2C0 230 300 330 400 430 500 530 600 630 700 730 8C0 830 900 930 10C0 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 13C0 1330 1400 143 0 150 0 1530 1600 1630 1700 173 0 18C0 1830 1900 193 0 20G0 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 15 3 . 9 4 153.94 153.19 15 2 . 4 4 152.44 152.44 152.44 152.44 152.44 152.44 152.44 152.44 15 3 . 1 9 153.19 152.44 152.44 153.19 153.19 15 2 . 4 4 1 5 3 . 19 152.44 152.44 153.19 151.69 151.69 15 0 . 9 4 150.94 150.94 150.94 152.44 153.94 155.45 153.19 153.94 155.45 155 .45 156.95 158.45 160.71 162.21 164.47 164.47 165.22 166.72 167.47 167.47 167.47 168.23 - 1 3 1 .10 -130.28 -129.47 -129.47 -129.47 -129.47 -129.47 - 1 3 0 .28 - 1 2 9 . 47 -130.28 -129.47 -130.28 - 1 3 0 .28 -130.28 -130.28 - 1 3 1 .10 - 1 3 1 .10 -132.73 -131.92 -132.73 -131.92 -131.92 -132.73 -131.92 -132.73 -131.10 - 1 3 1 .10 -131.10 - 1 3 1 . 10 -133.55 -133.55 -135.18 -131.92 -132.33 -132.73 -132.73 - 1 3 3 .55 -134.37 -136.00 -136.82 -136.82 - 1 3 6 . 82 -136.82 -13 7.63 -136.82 -136.82 -135.18 -136.82 90 CH DEPTH -140.66 -139.82 -139.82 -137.31 -138 .14 -138.98 -138 .14 -137 . 31 - 1 3 8 .1 4 -138.14 -138 .14 -138.98 -138.98 -138.98 -139.8 2 - 1 3 9 .8 2 -139 , 8 2 -140.66 -140.66 -141.49 -140.6 6 -140.6 6 -140.66 -140.66 -139.82 -140.66 -133.98 -139.82 -141.49 -141.49 -141.49 -142.33 -139.82 -139.82 -140.66 -140.66 -139.82 -141.49 -143.17 -144.84 -144.84 -144.84 -144.84 -144.84 -144.00, -144.00 -144.84 -144.00 12 0 CM DEPTH -137.4 1 -136.61 -134.22 - 135.C2 -135.02 -134.22 -134.2 2 -135.82 -135.02 -135.82 -135.82 - 1 3 6 . 61 -13 7.41 -137.4 1 - 1 3 7. 4 1 -138.21 -139.80 -138.21 -139.01 - 140.60 -139.80 - 1 3 9 . 80 -139.Cl -139.01 - 1 3 8 . 21 - 137. 41 -13 8.21 -138.21 -137.4 1 -138.21 -139.80 - 1 3 8 . 21 -137.41 -137.4 1 -138.21 - 1 3 9 . 01 -138.21 -13 8.21 -139.01 -139.01 -139.80 - 1 3 9 . 80 -139.80 -139.80 -139.80 -139.80 -139.80 - 1 3 9. 8 0 -131.42 - 1 3 2 .2 6 -131,42 -133.92 -133.92 - 1 3 3 .09 -133.92 -133.09 -133.09 -133.92 -133.09 - 1 3 3 .09 -132.26 -131.42 -131.42 -130.59 -129.76 -130.59 -128.09 -128.09 -128 .09 -128.92 -127.26 - 1 2 9 .76 -129.76 -130.59 -131.42 -131.42 -131.42 -130.59 - 1 3 0 .59 -132.26 -133.09 -133.09 - 1 3 3 .09 -133.09 -133.92 -132.26 -131.42 -130.59 - 1 2 9 .76 -130.59 -130.59 -132.26 -130.59 -130.59 -130.59 -129.76 DATE J12 J 12 J 12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 J 12 J 12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J 12 J 12 J12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 J12 J 12 J12 J12 TIME (HOURS) OOGO 30 100 130 2CG 230 300 330 400 430 500 530 600 630 700 730 800 83 0 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 12C0 1230 1300 133 0 1400 1430 1500 1530 160 0 1630 1 700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 ' 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 165 .22 165.97 166.72 1 6 7 .47 165.97 165.97 1 6 5 .97 165.97 166.72 165.97 1 6 5 .97 165.97 166.72 166 .72 166.72 165.97 165 .22 165.97 165.97 162.96 162.96 163.72 163.72 16 3.7 2 163.72 163.72 1 6 1 .46 160.71 160.71 161.46 162.96 162.96 162.96 1 6 5 .97 167.47 168.23 170.48 170.48 171.23 173.49 176.49 177.25 181.00 1 8 1 .00 181.00 181.76 1 8 1 .76 181.00 -136.82 -136.00 - 136.GO -136.00 -136.00 -136.00 -135.18 -136.00 -136.82 - 1 3 5 . 18 - 1 3 6 .82 -13 7.63 -135.18 -136.00 -136.82 - 136.82 - 1 3 6 .00 -136.82 -137.63 -137.63 -137.63 -139.27 -140.08 -139.27 -137.63 -136.82 -136.00 -137.63 -136.00 - 1 3 6 .00 -136.82 -137.63 -138.45 -138.45 -140.08 -140.90 -140.08 -140.08 -140.90 -140 .08 -143.35 -143.35 -143.35 - 1 4 3 .35 -142.54 -143.3 5 -143.35 -143.35 9 0 CM DEPTH -144.00 -143.17 -143 . 17 -142.33 -142.33 -142.33 -142.33 -144.00 -144.00 -143.17 -141.49 -144.00 -142.33 - 1 4 3 . 17 -144.00 - 1 4 3 . 17 -143.17 -144.84 -144.84 -144.8 4 -144.00 -146.52 -145.68 -144.00 -142.33 -143.17 -142.33 -142.33 -142.33 -142.33 -142.33 -142.33 - 1 4 3 .17 -143.17 -145.68 -146.52 -145.68 -145.68 -146.5 2 - 1 4 8 .19 - 147 . 3 5 -148.19 -148 .19 -148.19 -148.19 -148.19 -148.19 - 1 4 8 . 19 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -139.80 -139.01 - 1 3 9 . 01 -139.01 -139.Gl -139.01 -139.Cl -138.21 -138.21 -139.01 -138.21 -13 9.80 -139. 80 -139.01 -13 9.01 -139.01 -139.0 1 - 1 3 9.80 -139.01 -139.80 -139.01 -140.60 -142.20 -139.80 -137.41 - 1 3 9 . 01 - 1 3 9 . 01 -139.80 -139.80 -139.8 0 -139.80 -140.60 -139.80 -141.40 -140.60 -140. 6 0 -140.60 -140.60 -141.40 -142.20 -142.99 -142.99 -142.99 -144.59 -142.20 -143.79 -140.60 -140.60 -131.42 -132 .26 -133.09 -133.92 -132.26 - 1 3 2 .26 -133.09 - 1 3 3 .09 -133.09 -133.09 - 132.26 -131.42 -132.2 6 -132.26 - 1 3 3 .09 - 1 3 2 .26 -132.26 - 1 3 2 .26 - 1 3 2 .26 -131.42 -132.26 - 1 2 9 .76 -128.09 -127.26 - 1 2 6 .43 -133.92 -133.09 - 1 3 2 .2 6 -134.75 -133.92 -133.92 -133.09 -133.92 -133.09 - 1 3 3 .92 - 1 3 3 .92 -133.09 - 1 3 3 .09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 - 1 3 1 .42 -132.26 -132.26 -132.26 -131.42 -132.2 6 - 1 3 2 .26 DATE J13 J13 J13 J13 J13 J13 J 13 J13 J 13 J13 J13 J13 J13 J13 J13 J 13 J13 J13 J13 J13 J13 J13 J 13 J13 J13 J 13 J 13 J13 J 13 J 13 J13 J13 J 13 J 13 J13 J 13 J13 J13 J 13 J 13 J13 J 13 J13 J13 J13 J 13 J13 J13 TIME (HOURS) OOOO 30 100 130 200 230 300 33 0 400 430 500 530 600 630 700 730 800 830 90 0 930 1000 103 0 1100 1130 1200 12 30 1300 133 0 140 0 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1 830 1900 1930 2000 203 0 2100 2130 2 2 CO 2230 2 300 2330 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 180 .25 130.25 181.00 181 .00 179.50 180. 2 5 180.25 180 .25 181.00 181.76 -142.54 - 1 4 2 .54 -142.54 - 1 4 2 .54 -140.08 -140.08 -140.90 -140.90 -140.90 -140.90 -140.90 -140.90 -141.72 -142.54 -142.54 -143.35 -143.35 -144.17 -144.17 -145.80 -144.99 -145.80 -145.80 -145.80 -145.80 -145.80 -144.99 -144.99 - 1 4 4 .99 -144.99 -144.99 -144.99 -144.99 -146.62 - 1 4 5 .80 -146.62 -146.62 -147.44 -147.44 -147.44 -147.44 -148.25 -148.25 -149.07 -149.89 -149.07 -149.89 -149.89 182 .51 182.51 182.51 183.26 18 2 . 5 1 182.51 182.51 18 1 . 7 6 181.76 181.00 18 1 . 7 6 181.00 181.00 180.25 1 7 9 .50 178.75 177.25 1 7 6 .49 178.00 178.00 1 7 6 .49 177.25 178.00 180.25 179.50 182.51 183.26 18 2 . 5 1 187.02 187.77 189.27 190.02 193.03 196 .04 196.04 196.79 197.54 197 .54 9 0 CM DEPTH -147 .35 - 147 . 3 5 -147 .35 -146.52 -144.84 -145.68 -146.52 -146.52 -145.6 8 -145.68 - 1 4 5 .68 -146.52 -146.52 -146.52 -147 . 3 5 -148.19 -148.19 - 1 4 8 . 19 -148.19 -149.87 -149 .87 -150.70 -150.70 -151.54 -150.70 -149.87 -149.03 -149.03 -149.0 3 -148.19 -148 .19 -147 .35 -147.35 - 1 4 9 .0 3 -149 .03 -149.03 -149.8 7 -149.87 -149.87 -149.87 -150.70 -151.54 -150.70 -150.70 -152.38 -151.54 -150.70 -150.70 1 2 0 CM DEPTH - 1 3 9 . 80 -139.80 -139.80 - 139.0 1 -13 8.21 -139.01 -139. G l -139.Cl -139.0 1 -139.01 - 1 3 9 . 80 -139.01 - 1 3 9 . 80 - 140.60 -142.20 -142.99 -143.79 -143.79 -144.59 -143.79 -143.79 -145.39 - 1 4 6 . 18 - 1 4 6 . 18 -145.39 -144.59 -143. 79 -142.99 -144.5 9 -142.20 - 141.40 -141.40 -142.20 -140.60 -142.20 -142.20 - 140.60 - 142.20 - 1 4 2 .20 -142.20 -142.99 -142.99 -142.99 - 1 4 4 . 59 -145.39 -143.79 -143.79 -142.99 -133.09 -133.09 - 1 3 3 .09 -133.92 -135.59 -134.75 -135.59 -135.59 -134.75 -134.75 -134.75 -135.59 - 1 3 3 .92 -133.09 -132.26 - 1 3 2 .26 -131.42 -131.42 - 1 3 0 .59 -130.5 9 -129.76 -129.76 -129.76 -129.76 -130.59 - 1 3 1 .42 -130.5 9 -132.26 -133.09 -133.09 -132.26 - 1 3 2 .26 - 1 3 3 .09 -133.09 - 1 3 2 .26 - 1 3 3 .09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.92 - 1 3 3.92 -133.92 -134.75 -133.09 -133.09 CATE J14 J14 J 14 J 14 J14 J14 J 14 J14 J14 J 14 J14 J14 J14 J 14 J14 J14 J 14 J14 J14 J 14 J14 J14 J 14 J 14 J14 J 14 J 14 J14 J14 J 14 J14 J 14 J 14 J14 J 14 J 14 J14 J 14 J14 J14 J14 J14 J 14 J14 J 14 J 14 J14 J14 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 30 1G0 130 200 230 300 330 40 0 430 500 530 6C0 630 700 730 SCO 830 9G0 930 1000 103 0 HOG 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 140 0 1430 1500 1530 1600 163 0 170 0 1730 1800 183 0 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 22CG 2230 2300 2330 196.79 196 .79 197.54 196.79 197 .54 197.54 197.54 197.54 196.79 197.54 197.54 198.29 198.29 199.04 197.54 197.54 197.54 196 .04 196.04 193.03 193.03 1 9 0 .78 190.78 190.02 189.27 189.27 189.27 -149.07 -149.07 -148.25 -148.25 -148.25 -148.25 -148.25 -148.25 -148.25 -148.25 -149.07 -148.25 -149.89 -150.70 -150.70 -149.89 -151.52 -149.89 -149.89 -149.07 -150.70 -150.70 - 1 5 1 .52 -151.52 -151.52 - 1 5 1 .52 -152.34 - 1 4 9 .89 - 1 5 2 .34 -151.52 -152.34 - 1 5 3 . 15 - 149.07 -153.15 - 1 5 3 .15 - 1 5 3 . 15 -156.42 -156.42 -156.42 -157.24 -158.87 -159.69 -159.69 -159.69 -160.51 -160.51 -159.69 -159.69 -150.70 -150.70 -150.70 -149.87 - 1 4 9 .87 -149.87 -149.87 - 1 4 9 .87 -149.87 -149.8 7 -149.87 -149.8 7 -149.87 -149.87 -149.87 -149.87 -150.70 -149.8 7 -149.87 -149.87 -150.70 -150.70 -151.54 -151.54 -150.70 -150.70 -150.70 -150.70 -150.70 -150.70 - 1 5 3 .21 -153.21 -153.21 -154.05 -153.21 -153.21 -154.89 -156.56 -155.73 - 1 5 7 .40 - 1 5 9 .07 -157.40 -158.24 -158.24 -159.0 7 -158 .24 - 1 5 8 .24 -158.24 -142.20 -142.20 -142.20 -142.20 -142.20 -142.99 -143.79 -142.99 - 142.20 -142.20 -142.20 -143.79 -142.99 -142.20 -142.20 -142.20 -142.99 1 8 9 .27 188.52 189.27 189.27 190.02 189.27 1 9 0 .78 193.78 193.78 197.54 198.29 199.80 203.55 2 0 5 .06 206.56 208.06 211.07 211.82 211.07 211.07 211.82 - 142.20 -142.99 -142.99 -144.59 -144.59 -144.5 9 -143.79 -143.79 -143.79 -143.79 - 1 4 4 . 59 -144.59 -144.59 -143.79 -145.39 -142.99 -142.99 -146.18 -146.18 -146.98 - 146.18 -146.98 -147.78 -147.7 8 -148.58 -148.58 - 1 4 8 . 58 -150.17 - 1 4 8 . 58 -147.78 - 1 4 8.58 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.92 -133.92 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -133.09 -.133 . 0 9 -133.09 -132.26 - 1 3 2 .26 -133.09 -133.09 -133.92 -133.09 -133.09 - 1 3 2 .2 6 - 1 3 3 .09 -132.26 -133.09 - 1 3 3 .09 -133.09 - 1 3 3 .92 -139.75 -141.42 -141.42 -143.08 -143.08 -143.08 -143.92 -143.08 - 144.75 -144.75 -146.41 -147.25 -147.25 -146.41 -145.58 -146.41 DATE J15 J15 J15 J 15 J15 J 15 J15 J15 J15 J 15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J 15 J15 J15 J 15 J15 J15 J 15 J 15 J15 J15 J 15 J15 J15 J 15 J 15 J15 J 15 J 15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J15 J 15 J15 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 0000 30 ICO 130 200 230 300 330 400 430 500 530 6G0 630 700 730 800 83 0 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 133 0 1400 1430 1 500 1530 160 0 1630 1700 173 0 1800 1 83 0 1900 1930 2000 2 03 0 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2 330 -211.82 -212.57 -212.57 -213.33 -213.33 -212.57 -212.57 -212.57 -212.57 - 2 1 2 . 57 -212.57 -214.08 - 2 1 4 . 83 -214.83 - 2 1 5 .58 -214.83 -213.33 -213.33 -212.57 -212.57 -211.82 -209.57 - 2 1 0 . 32 -207.31 -207.31 -207.31 -206.56 - 2 0 6 .56 -205.06 -204.31 -204.31 -205.06 - 2 0 3 . 55 -204.31 - 2 0 5 .06 -205.06 -208.06 - 2 1 0 .32 -212.57 -215.58 -218.59 -220.09 - 2 2 3 . 10 -226.10 - 2 2 9 .86 - 2 3 0 . 61 -233.62 -233.6 2 6 0 CM DEPTH -159.69 -158.87 -159.69 -159.69 -158.87 -156.42 -156.42 -156.42 -156.42 -155.60 -157.24 -158.05 -158.87 -159.69 -159.69 - 1 6 1 .32 -160.51 -160.51 -160.51 -162.14 - 1 6 1 .32 - 1 6 2 .14 - 1 6 1 .32 -161.32 -160.51 -160.51 -161.32 - 1 6 2 .14 -161.32 -162.14 -162.14 - 1 6 2 .96 -162.96 -162.96 - 1 6 2 .14 - 1 6 2 .96 - 163.77 -162.96 -164.59 -165.41 -167.86 -168.67 -169.49 -171.12 - 1 7 0 .31 -171.12 - 1 7 1 . 12 -171.12 9 0 CM DEPTH - 1 5 8 .24 - 1 5 7 .40 -157 .40 - 1 5 6 . 56 -156 .56 -155 .73 -154 . 89 - 1 5 4 .89 -154.05 -154 .05 - 1 5 4 .89 -155 .73 -155 .73 - 1 5 6 .56 - 1 5 6 .56 - 1 5 7 .40 - 1 5 6 . 56 - 1 5 7 . 40 - 1 5 8 .24 -158 .24 - 1 5 9 .07 - 1 5 8 .24 -158 .24 - 1 5 8 .24 - 1 5 7 .40 -157 .40 - 1 5 8 .24 -157 .40 - 1 5 8 .24 - 1 5 7 . 40 - 1 5 9 .07 - 1 5 7 .40 -157 .40 - 1 5 9 .07 - 1 5 8 .24 -158 .24 - 1 6 1 .59 - 1 5 9 .07 - 1 6 1 .59 - 1 5 9 .9 1 - 1 6 1 .59 - 1 6 2 .42 - 1 6 4 .10 - 1 6 4 .94 -164.94 - 1 6 4 .94 - 1 6 4 .94 - 1 6 4 .94 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -148.58 - 147.7 8 -147.78 -144.59 -143.79 -142.20 - 1 4 2 . 20 - 1 4 2 . 20 -142.20 -142.20 -142.20 - 145.3 9 -145.39 -145.3 9 -145.39 -146.98 -146.98 - 147.78 -148.58 -147.78 -149.38 -148.5 8 -148.58 -147.78 -148.58 -148.58 - 1 4 8 . 58 -147.78 - 1 4 6 . 18 - 1 4 8 . 58 -147.78 -147.78 -146.98 -145.39 -146.18 - 1 4 6 . 18 - 1 4 6 . 18 -146.98 -146.98 -147.78 - 146.98 -148.58 -149.38 -148.58 -149.3 8 -150.17 - 1 4 9 . 38 -150.17 1 5 0 CM DEPTH -144.75 -143.92 -143.08 -143.08 -143.08 -141.42 -140.58 -141.42 -140.58 -140.58 -141.42 -141.42 -141.42 -142.25 -141.42 -141.42 -143.08 - 141.42 - 1 4 2 .2 5 -143.08 -143.08 -143.08 -141.42 -143.08 -142.25 -142.25 -143.08 -142.25 -140.58 -141.42 -142.25 -141.42 -141.42 -141.42 -139.75 -141.42 -141.42 -141.42 -143.08 -143.08 -142.25 -146.41 -146.41 -146.41 - 147.25 -148.08 -146.41 -145.58 DATE J 16 J16 J16 J 16 J16 J16 J 16 J 16 J16 J16 J 16 J16 J 16 J 16 J16 J16 J 16 J 16 J16 J 16 J 16 J16 J16 J 16 J16 J16 J 16 J 16 J16 J 16 J 16 J16 J 16 J 16 J16 J16 J16 J 16 J16 J 16 J 16 J16 J 16 J 16 J16 J16 J 16 J 16 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH OOGO 30 ICO 130 200 230 300 330 400 43 0 500 530 60 0 630 700 7 30 800 830 900 930 -234.37 -234.37 -234.37 - 2 3 5 . 88 -237.38 -238 .13 - 2 4 0 . 39 -241.14 -241.14 -241.14 -241.89 -241.89 -241.89 -241.89 -242.64 -242.64 - 2 4 1 . 89 -241.14 -241.14 -241.14 -244.15 -245.65 -245.65 - 2 4 3 . 39 -171.12 -171.12 -170.31 -170.31 -171.12 - 1 7 1 .12 -171.12 -171.12 -171.12 -171.94 -172.76 -172.76 - 1 7 2 .76 -171.94 - 1 7 1 .94 -171.94 -171.94 -171.94 - 1 7 2 .76 - 1 7 3 .57 - 1 7 8.4 8 -179.29 -176.02 -178.48 -176.84 -176.84 -176.02 -176.02 -176.02 -176.02 -178.48 -176.84 -176.84 -177.66 -179.29 -180.93 -180.93 -180.11 -179.29 -179.29 -178.48 -180.93 -183.38 -180.93 -180.11 -180.93 -184.19 -185.83 -164.94 -164.94 -164.94 -164.94 -164.10 -164.94 -166.61 -165.7 7 -164.94 -164.94 -165.77 -165.77 -165.77 -165.77 -165.77 - 1 6 5 .77 -165.77 -164.94 -165.77 -169 .96 -169.96 -172.47 -167.45 -170.80 - 1 6 9 .96 -169.12 -.169. 12 -167.45 -168.28 -168.28 -169.96 - 1 6 9 .96 -169.12 -170.80 -170.80 - 1 7 2 .47 -173.31 -174.15 - 1 7 4 . 15 -169 .96 -170.80 -17 3.31 -174.98 -171.63 - 1 7 1 .63 -171.63 -174.98 -174.15 -150.17 - 1 5 0 . 17 -149.38 - 1 5 0 . 17 -150.17 -149.38 -150.17 - 1 4 9 . .38 -150.17 - 1 5 0 . 17 -150.17 -149.3 3 -148.58 -148.58 -148.58 -148.58 -147.78 -147.78 -147.78 -152.57 -151.77 -153.3 6 -153.36 -153.36 -153.36 -153.36 -150.17 -150.17 -14 9.38 -152.57 -154.96 - 1 5 0 . 17 -152.57 -153.36 -155.76 -153.36 -155.76 -156.55 -153.36 -150.17 - 1 5 1 . 77 1000 1030 1 ICO 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 143 0 1500 1530 16G0 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 -245.65 -243.39 - 2 4 1 . 89 -241.14 -242.64 -243.39 -244.90 - 2 4 4 .90 -244.90 - 2 4 6 . 40 -249.41 -250.16 - 2 5 0 . 91 -250.91 - 2 5 0 .16 -247.90 -256.92 -258.43 -260.68 - 2 5 7 . 68 -260.68 -262.19 -265.19 -265.19 - 154.96 -155.76 -153.36 - 153.36 -152.57 - 1 5 2 .57 -154.16 -144.75 -143.92 -146.41 -144.75 -145.58 -145.58 -146.41 -145.5 8 -145.58 -145.58 -146.41 -146.41 -143.92 -146.41 -145.58 -146.41 -143.92 -143.92 -143.08 -143.92 -143.92 -143.92 -142.25 - 1 4 5 .58 -143.92 -143.92 - 1 4 3 .08 -143.08 -143.08 - 1 4 3 .92 -143.92 -143.08 -143.08 - 1 4 3 .08 -146.41 -146.41 -145.58 -148.08 -147.25 - 1 4 7 .25 -147.25 -146.41 -147.25 -148.91 -148.91 -146.41 -148.08 -146.41 DATE TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH J 17 J17 J17 J17 J 17 J17 J 17 J 17 J17 J17 J17 J 17 J17 J17 J 17 J17 J17 . J 17 J17 J17 J17 J 17 J17 J 17 J 17 J 17 J17 J 17 J17 J17 J17 J 17 J17 J 17 J 17 J17 J17 J 17 J17 J17 J 17 J 17 J17 J 17 J 17 J17 J 17 J 17 000 0 265.19 2 6 5 . 19 2 6 5 .19 265.19 265.19 2 6 5 .94 268.20 267.45 268.95 268.95 268.95 268.95 270.45 271.21 270.4 5 2 7 1 .96 271.21 270.45 271.96 2 6 9 .70 270.45 268.95 2 6 5 . 19 265.19 263.69 2 6 5 .19 264.44 263.69 259.93 257.68 258.43 257.68 259 .93 260.68 260.68 2 6 3 .69 264.44 265.19 265.94 2 6 9 .70 271.21 271.96 273.46 277.97 278.72 2 79.47 279.47 280.23 -180.93 - 1 8 0 . 11 -180.11 -180.11 -179.29 -179.29 -180.11 -180.11 -180.11 -180.11 -180.93 - 1 8 0 . 93 -180.93 -184.19 -180.93 -185.01 -184.19 -180.93 -187.46 -181.74 -185.83 -187.46 -180.93 -181.74 - 1 8 0 . 11 -184.19 -183.38 -186.64 -180.11 - 1 8 0 .93 -181.74 -183.38 -183.38 -185.83 -187.46 -187.46 -188.28 -188.28 - 1 8 9 .09 -189.91 -189.91 - 193.18 -190.73 -195.63 -193.99 -194.81 -194.81 -194.81 -171.63 -169.96 -168.28 -169.96 - 1 6 9 . 12 - 1 6 9 .12 -169 .96 -169.96 -169.96 -170.80 -171.63 -169.96 -170.80 -172.47 -172.47 - 1 7 4 . 15 -174.15 -174.15 -173.31 -172.47 -173.31 -174.15 -169 .96 - 1 7 0 .80 -17 3.31 -174.15 -171.63 -174.15 -169.96 -170.80 -172.47 -171.63 -17 2.47 -173.31 - 1 7 4 . 15 -174.15 -174.98 -176.66 -174.98 -177.49 -178.33 - 1 7 9 . 17 -179.17 -182.52 -180.01 -180.84 -180.01 -180.84 -150.17 - 1 5 0 . 17 -150.17 -148.58 -148. 58 -150.17 - 149.38 -150.17 -150.97 -150.97 -151.77 - 1 5 1 . 77 -152.57 -154.96 - 1 5 3 . 36 -155.76 -154.96 -155.76 -153.36 30 100 130 200 230 "300 330 400 43 0 50 G 530 600 630 700 730 800 830 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 12 30 1300 1330 1400 1430 150 0 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1 800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 - 153.36 -154.96 -154.96 -152.57 -153.36 -154.96 - 1 4 6 . 18 -3.50. 17 -154.96 -150.17 -.150. 17 - 1 5 0.17 - 1 5 1 . 77 -150.17 -153.36 -151.77 -153.36 -154.16 -154.96 -154.96 - 154.96 -154.96 -155.76 -154.96 -157.35 -156.55 -156.55 - 156.55 -157.35 -143.0 8 -142.25 -141.42 - 1 4 2 .25 - 1 4 2 .25 -143.08 -142.25 - 1 4 3 .0 8 -.143.08 -143.08 -143.08 -143.92 -146.41 -146.41 -146.41 -147.25 -147.25 -148.08 -148.91 -148.91 - 1 4 8 .0 8 -146.41 -147.25 -146.41 -144.75 -144.75 -14 3.08 - 1 4 3 .92 -142.25 -143.08 -143.08 -143.08 -143.92 -146.41 -146.41 -146.41 -148.08 -147.25 -148.91 -148.91 -149.75 -149.75 -150.58 - 1 5 1 .41 -151.41 -151.41 -150.58 - 1 5 0 .58 DATE J18 J 18 J 18 J18 J 18 J 18 J18 J 18 J 18 J18 J18 J 18 J 18 J18 J18 J 18 J18 J 18 J 18 J18 J18 J 18 J 18 J18 J 18 J 18 J18 J18 J 18 J18 J18 J 18 J 18 J18 J18 J 18 J18 J18 J 18 J18 J18 J 18 J 18 J18 J 18 J18 J18 J18 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 30 100 130 2C0 230 300 330 400 430 500 530 60 0 630 700 730 800 830 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 22GG 2230 2300 233 0 2 8 0 .98 281.73 280.23 280 .23 280.23 280.23 279.47 280.98 280.98 280.98 281 .73 283.23 283.23 2 8 3 .23 283.98 283.98 283.23 282.48 280.93 280.23 280.23 279.47 278.72 278 .72 2 7 7.97 274.21 27 2 .71 271.21 268.20 270.45 2 6 5 .19 2 6 5 . 19 265.94 2 6 6 .70 267.45 270.45 27 1 . 2 1 271.96 273.46 276.47 2 7 7 .97 279.47 283.23 2 8 6 .99 288.49 293.00 2 9 3 .76 294.51 6 0 CM DEPTH -194.81 -191.54 -190.73 -190.73 -189.91 -189.91 -189.91 -189.91 -189.91 - 1 9 2 .36 -189.91 -192.36 - 1 9 3 . 18 -193.99 -193.99 - 194.81 -193.99 - 1 9 3 . 18 -194.81 - 1 9 4 .81 -195.63 -194.81 - 1 9 5 . 63 -195.63 -193.99 -194.81 -193.99 -194.81 -195.63 -193.99 -194.81 -194.81 - 192.36 -195.63 -196.45 - 196.45 -198.08 - 2 0 2 .16 -200.53 - 2 0 2 .16 -202.98 -202.98 -205.43 -207.06 -209.51 -210.33 -208.70 -208.70 9 0 CM DEPTH 12 0 CM DEPTH -180 .01 -173.33 -175.82 -175.82 -176.66 -176.66 -174.98 -176.66 -177.49 -175.82 -176.66 -177.49 -176.66 -177.49 -178.33 -178.33 -175.82 -176.66 -180.01 -180.01 - 1 8 0 .84 -180.01 -180.84 -180.84 -178.33 -179.17 -178.33 -176.66 -178.33 -176.66 -176.66 -180.01 -178.33 -179.17 - 1 8 0 .84 -181.68 -180.84 -181.68 -182.52 -181.68 -184.19 -184.19 -186.70 -189.22 -189.22 -189.22 - 1 8 9 .22 -188.38 -154.96 -154.16 -153.36 -153.36 - 1 5 2 .57 -152.57 -1.53. 3 6 -152.57 -152.57 -152.57 -151.77 -152.57 -153.36 -153.36 -153.36 -153.36 - 1 5 4 . 16 -154.16 -154.96 - 1 5 5 . 76 -156.55 -154.96 - 1 5 8 . 15 -156.55 - 1 5 5 .76 -155.76 - 1 5 4 . 96 -15 4.16 -153.36 - 154.16 -153.36 -153.36 -153.36 - 1 5 4 . 16 - 1 5 2 .57 -153.36 -1.54. 16 -155.76 -153.36 -154.96 -154.96 - 1 5 5 .76 -155.76 -157.35 -157.35 -156.55 -156.55 -156.55 -148.91 - 1 4 8 .91 -147.25 -146.41 -146.41 -146.41 -146.41 -146.41 - 1 4 6 .41 -145.58 -144.75 -146.41. -146.41 -145.58 -146.41 -146.41 -146.41 -146.41 - 1 4 7 .25 -147.25 - 147.25 -147.25 -148.08 -148.08 -145.58 -145.58 -143.92 -143.92 - 1 4 3 .92 -143.08 -143.08 - 1 4 3 .0 8 -143.08 -143.08 - 1 4 3 .92 -143.08 -144.75 -146.41 -144.75 -146.41 -147.25 - 1 4 8 .91 -149.75 -150.58 - 1 5 0 .58 -150.58 -150.58 -149.75 DATE J19 J19 J 19 J19 J19 J 19 J 19 J19 J 19 J 19 J19 J19 J 19 J19 J19 J 19 J 19 J19 J 19 J19 J19 J19 J19 J19 J19 J 19 J 19 J19 J 19 J19 J19 J19 J 19 J19 J19 J 19 J 19 J19 J 19 J 19 J19 J19 J 19 J19 J19 J 19 J 19 J19 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH OGOO 30 100 130 200 230 300 33 0 400 430 500 530 600 630 700 730 800 830 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 133 0 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 183 0 190 0 1930 2000 203 0 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 296.76 298.27 297.51 298.27 301.27 301.27 302.02 3 0 2 .78 303.53 303.53 3 0 4 .28 305.03 30.5. 7 8 3 05.78 306 .53 305.78 305.78 304.28 302.78 302.78 302.02 301.27 302.02 301.27 2 9 9 .02 296.76 296.01 2 9 5 .26 2 94.51 296.76 298.27 298.27 301.27 301.27 302.02 302.78 302.78 305 .03 305.78 308.04 309.54 3.11 . 0 4 311.80 314.80 316 .31 316.31 316.31 3 1 7 .06 6 0 CM DEPTH -209.51 -210.33 -208.70 -209.51 -210.33 -209.51 -211.15 -211.15 - 2 1 1 .15 -211.15 -211.96 -211.96 -211.96 -211.96 - 2 1 1 .15 -211.15 -211.15 - 2 1 1 .15 -210.33 -211.15 -211.96 -211.96 -211.96 -211.96 - 2 1 2 . 13 -213.60 - 2 1 3 . 60 -213.60 -214.42 -216.05 -216.87 -218.50 -217.68 -220.95 -221.77 -222.58 -223.40 -222.58 -22 5.85 -226.67 -227.48 -227.48 -228.30 -228.30 -228.30 -228.30 -228.30 -228.30 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -188.38 -189.22 -188.38 -189.22 -189.22 -189.22 -189.22 -190.05 -190.05 -190 .05 -190.0 5 -190.05 -190.05 -190.05 -189.22 -190.05 -190.05 -190.05 -190.05 -190.05 -190.05 - 1 9 0 .89 -191.73 -190.89 -192.56 -192.56 -193.40 -192.56 -193.40 -196.75 -195.08 -197.59 -198.43 -198.43 -199.26 -200.10 -200.94 -200.94 -200.94 -203.45 -204.29 -203.45 -203.45 -203.45 -202.61 -201.77 -202.61 -202.61 -157.35 -158.15 - 1 5 8.15 -158.15 -157.35 -15 7.35 - 1 5 6 . 55 - 1 5 6 . 55 -15 7.35 -157.35 - 157.35 -158.15 -158.95 -158.15 -158.15 - 1 5 5 .76 -155.76 -155.76 -155.76 -156.55 -157.35 -156.55 - 1 5 8 . 15 -158.15 -157.35 - 1 5 8 . 15 - 1 5 8 . 95 - 1 5 9 . 74 -158.95 -160.54 -161.3 4 - 160.54 -161.34 -162.93 -162.93 -162.93 -162.93 - 1 6 3 . 73 -162.93 -163.73 -163. 7 3 -164.53 -162.93 -162.93 -163.73 - 1 6 2 . 14 -162.14 - 1 6 1 . 34 -150.58 -150.5 8 -149.75 -150.58 -149.75 -149.75 -150.5 8 -150.58 -150.58 -150.58 -150.58 -151.41 -151.41 -150.5 8 - 149.75 -149.75 -1.49.75 -149.75 - 1 4 8 .91 -148.91 -149.75 -149.75 -148.91 -149.75 -149.75 - 1 4 8 .91 -148.08 -148.08 -148.91 -148.91 -148.91 -150.58 - 1 5 0 .58 -151.41 -152.24 - 1 5 2 .24 -153.08 -151.41 - 1 5 2 .24 - 1 5 2 .24 -153.91 -152.24 -154.74 -152.24 -152.24 -151.41 -151.41 -150.58 DATE J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J 2G J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J 20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J 20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J 20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J 2G J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 J20 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 0000 3 0 ICC 130 200 230 30 0 330 400 43 0 500 530 6C0 630 700 730 800 830 900 93 0 1000 1030 1 1 CO 317.81 3 1 8 .56 318.56 318.56 318.56 3 2 0 .82 321.57 322.32 323.07 323.07 323.82 324.57 324.57 324.57 324.57 323.82 323.82 323.82 3 23.8 2 32 3.07 323.82 323.82 323.82 323.82 323.82 323.07 323.07 3 2 2.32 322.32 321.57 321.57 3 23.07 323.82 3 24.57 325 .33 324.57 326.83 3 28.3 3 3 2 9 .84 3 3 3.59 337.35 3 3 8 .86 340.36 340.36 341.11 340 . 36 343.37 34 4.12 -228.30 -228.30 -227.48 -227.48 -228.30 -228.30 -229.12 -228.30 -229.12 -229.12 -229.12 -229.94 -229.94 -230.75 -230.75 -229.94 -229.94 - 2 3 0 . 75 -231.57 -230.75 -230.75 - 2 3 1 .57 - 2 3 2 .39 -232 .39 - 2 3 2 .39 - 2 3 2 .39 -234.02 -234.84 -233.20 -232.39 - 2 3 4 . 84 -234.84 -236.47 -238.10 -237.29 -237.29 -238.10 -241.37 - 2 4 2 .19 - 2 4 3 .82 - 2 4 5 . 45 -246.27 - 2 4 8 .72 -248.72 -247.91 - 2 4 7 .09 -247.09 -246,27 -201.77 -201.77 -201.77 -200.94 -200.94 -201.77 -202.61 -201.77 -201.77 -203.4 5 -202.61 -203.45 -203.45 -205.12 - 2 0 4 .29 -203.45 -203.45 -204.29 -204.29 -205.12 -206.80 -205.96 -206.80 -206.80 -207.22 -207.22 -206.80 -207.64 -206 .80 -205.96 -206.80 -207.64 -207.64 -209.31 -210.15 -209.31 -210.98 -211.82 -213.50 -215.17 -215.17 -216.84 -217.68 -216.84 -216.84 -216.01 -216.01 -216.01 -161.34 -161.34 -161.34 - 1 6 2 . 14 -161.34 - 1 6 2 . 14 -160.54 -161.34 -162.14 -.162.14 -162.93 -162.93 -162.93 -162.93 - 1 6 2 . 14 -162.93 -163 .73 -163.73 -163.73 -162.93 -163,73 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 143 0 1500 1530 16CG 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 - 164.53 -165.33 -164.53 -163.7 3 - 163.33 -163.73 - 1 6 2 . 9 3' -161.34 -162.14 -162.93 - 1 6 2 . 14 -162.9 3 -162.93 - 163.7 3 -163.73 -163.73 -163.73 -163.73 -166.12 -166.92 -166.12 - 1 6 6 .9 2 -168.52 - 166.92 -166.12 - 1 6 6 . 12 -166.12 -149.75 -149.75 -149.75 -149.75 -150.58 -150.58 -149.75 -150.58 -150.58 -150.58 -150.5 8 -150.58 -1.50.58 - 1 5 1 .41 -150.5 8 -151.41 - 1 5 0 .58 -151.41 -151.41 - 1 5 1 .41 -150.58 -151.41 -152.24 - 1 5 2 .24 -150.58 -150.41 -149.75 -150.58 -149.75 -148.91 -149.75 -148.91 -148.91 -151.41 -149.75 - 150.58 -148.91 -151.41 -152.24 -152.24 -154.74 -155.58 -155.58 -1.54.74 -155.58 -153.08 -153.91 -153.08 DATE J21 J21 J2L J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J 21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 J21 TIME (HOURS ) 30 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 90 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH OOGO 30 100 130 200 230 300 330 400 430 500 530 600 630 700 730 8C0 830 900 93 0 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 18C0 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 22 30 23G0 2330 344.12 345.6 2 347 .13 347.13 347.88 3 4 7 .88 347.88 347.88 347.88 347.88 348.63 348.63 3 5 0 .88 351.64 352.39 353.14 353.14 -247.09 -246.27 -247.09 -248.72 -247.91 -249.54 -248.72 -249.54 -248.72 - 2 4 9 .54 -249.54 -250.36 - 2 5 1 .17 -251.99 -252.81 -252.81 -252.81 -252.81 -252.81 -252.81 -253.62 -254.44 - 2 5 5 .26 -256.07 -256.89 -256.89 -256.89 -257.71 -258.52 - 2 5 7 .71 -258.52 -256.07 -256.07 -256.07 -256.07 -259.34 -260.97 -260.97 -261.79 -261.79 -261.79 -261.79 -261.79 -262 .61 -262.61 -263.42 - 2 6 3 .42 -262.61 -216.01 -216.01 -216.01 -216.01 -216.01 -216 .01 -216.01 -216.01 -216.01 -216.01 -216.01 -216.84 -216.84 -218.52 -217.68 -218.52 -217.68 -217.6 8 -218.52 -220.19 -220.19 -221.03 -2 2 2 . 7 1 -222.71 -223.54 -222.71 -223.54 -222.71 -223.54 -223.54 -222.71 -221.03 -221.03 -2 21 . 8 7 -222.71 -224.38 -224.38 -224.38 -224.38 -224.38 -226.05 -224.38 -225.22 -224.38 -225.22 -224.38 -224.38 -224.38 -166.12 -165.33 -165. 33 -165.33 -165.33 - 1 6 5 . 33 -164.53 -164.53 -163.73 -164.53 -163.7 3 -164. 53 - 1 6 4 . 53 -165.3 3 -166.12 - 166.92 -166.92 -166.12 -165.33 -166.92 -166.92 -168. 52 -169.31 -169.31 -169.31 - 1 7 0 . 11 -170.11 -170.11 -170.9 1 -170.91 -169.31 -170.11 -169.31 -169.31 - 1 7 0 . 11 - 1 7 0 . 91 -170.91 -170.91 -170.91 -170.91 -171.71 -170.91 -170.91 -170.9 1 -170.11 -170.91 -171.71 - 1 7 0 . 11 35 3.89 353.89 355.39 355.39 355.39 356.90 358.40 358.40 359.15 358.40 359.15 360.66 3 5 9 .90 359.90 356.90 3 5 6 .90 356.90 356.15 356.90 359.15 360.66 360.66 3 6 0 .66 360.6 6 36 0.66 3 6 0 .66 361.41 361.41 362.16 362.16 362.91 -154.74 -152.24 -152.24 - 1 5 2 .24 -152.24 -151.41 -152.24 -151.41 -151.41 -151.41 - 1 5 1 .41 -151.41 -152.24 -152.24 - 1 5 2 .24 -153.08 -153.08 -153.08 -153.08 -154.74 -154.74 -154.74 -156.41 -157.24 -157.24 -158.07 -156.41 -157.24 -157.24 - 157.24 -155.58 -154.74 -154.74 -154.74 - 1 5 5 .58 -155.58 -157.24 -156.41 -156.41 -157.24 - 1 5 8 .07 -156.41 -157.24 -156.41 -156.41 -157.24 -156.41 -156.41 DATE J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J 22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 J22 TIME (HOURS) 0000 30 100 130 2C0 230 300 330 400 4 30 5 00 530 600 630 700 730 800 830 900 930 1000 .10 3 0 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2 330 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 12 0 CM DEPTH 3 6 2.9,1 362.91 362.16 3 6 2 .91 362.16 362.91 36 2.91 363.66 362.91 - 2 6 3 .42 -262.61 -262.61 -262.61 -261 .79 -262.61 -262.61 - 2 6 2 .61 -262.61 -263.42 -263.42 -265.88 -265.06 -265.88 -266.69 -267.51 -268.33 - 2 6 8 .33 -269.14 - 2 6 9 . 14 -269.14 -268.33 -269.14 -268.33 -268.33 -268.33 -268.33 -268.33 -265.88 -266.69 -268.33 -269.14 -269.96 - 2 6 9 .96 -270.78 -270.78 -271.59 -274.04 -277.31 - 2 7 8 .94 -278.94 -282.21 -283.85 -286.30 -285.48 - 2 8 7 . 11 -287.11 -286.30 -223.54 -222.71 -223.54 -222.71 -221.03 -221.87 -222.71 -222.71 -222.71 - 2 2 3 .54 -223.54 -223.54 -223.54 -223.54 -223.54 -224.38 -225.2 2 -225.22 -225.22 - 2 2 5 .22 - 2 2 6 .0 5 -225.22 -225.22 -224.38 -225.22 -225.22 -225.22 -225.22 -224.38 - 2 26 .0 5 -226.89 -226.89 -227.73 -228.57 -228.57 -230.24 -231.91 -232.75 -234.43 -235.26 -2 3 6 . 1 0 -236.94 -236.9 4 -239 .45 -240.29 -240.29 -240.29 -240.29 -170.11 -168.52 - 1 6 8 . 52 -168.52 -166.92 -167.72 -168.52 -168.5 2 -168.5 2 -169. 31 -168.52 -169.31 - 1 6 9 . 31 -16 9.31 -169 .31 - 1 7 0 . 11 - 170.91 -170.91 -170.91 - 170.91 -170.91 -170.11 -170.11 -169.31 -169.31 -169.31 - 1 6 9 . .31 -168.52 -168.52 - 1 6 8.5 2 -169.31 -169.31 -169.31 -168.52 -169.31 -169.31 -170.91 -170.91 -171.71 -170. 91 -171.71 -172.50 -176.49 -176.49 -175.69 -174.10 -174.9 0 -170.91 3 6 3 .66 364.41 365.17 365.92 3 6 6 .67 367.42 368.92 3 6 8 .92 369.68 370.43 370.4 3 370.43 369.68 369.68 368 .92 369.68 368.17 3 6 5 .92 366.67 3 6 5 . 17 364.41 365.17 365.92 365.17 3 6 5 .17 36 5.17 365.92 3 6 6 .67 368.17 367.42 368.92 370.43 371.18 372.68 3 7 6 .44 377.94 378.70 3 7 7 .94 378.70 -154.74 -153.91 -153.08 -153.08 -153.91 - 1 5 2 .24 -153.08 - 1 5 3 .08 -153.91 -153.91 -153.91 -154.74 -154.74 -154.74 -154.74 -155.5 8 -156.41 - 1 5 7 .24 -155.58 -157.24 -157.24 -154.74 -154.74 -152.24 - 1 5 3 .91 -153.08 -152.24 - 1 5 0 .58 -151.41 -151.41 -152.24 -152.24 - 1 5 2 .24 - 151.41 - 1 5 2 .24 - 1 5 2 .24 -154.74 -153.08 -155.58 -155.58 -158.07 -158.07 -158.07 -158.07 - 1 5 8 .91 -159.74 -158.07 -157.24 DATE J23 J23 J23 J23 J2 3 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J 23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J23 J2 3 J23 J23 J23 J23 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM . DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 0000 30 100 130 200 230 300 33 0 400 430 500 530 600 630 700 730 800 830 9GC 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 140 0 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1330 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 •378.70 377.94 •378.70 •378. 70 3 7 8 .70 380.20 380.95 380.20 381.70 382.45 383.96 383.21 383.21 •383.96 383.96 383.96 383.96 384.71 384.71 3 83.96 383.96 382.45 383.21 383.21 380.20 379.45 378.70 378.70 3 78.70 377.94 3 7 7 .94 378.70 378.70 378.70 -286.30 -2 8 7 . 1 1 -287.11 -287.11 -287.11 -287.93 -288.75 -287.93 -290.38 -292.01 -292.83 - 2 9 2 .83 -292.83 -292.83 - 2 9 3 .65 -293.65 -294.46 -294.46 -2 9 4 . 4 6 -295.28 -294.46 -2 9 3 . 6 5 -295.28 -295.28 -294.46 -2 9 4 . 4 6 -294.46 -295.28 -294.46 -294.46 -294.46 -2 9 4 . 4 6 -294.46 - 2 9 5 .28 - 2 9 5 .28 -295.28 -294.46 -294.46 -293.65 - 2 9 6 . 10 -296.10 - 3 0 1 .00 -303.45 -305.90 - 3 0 9 .17 -310.80 -314.88 -313.25 -2 3 8 . 6 1 -238.61 -239.45 - 2 3 8 .61 -238.61 -239.45 -240.29 -239.45 -240.29 -240.29 -241.12 -241.12 -241.12 -241.12 -242.80 -241.96 -242.80 -242.80 -242.80 -245.31 -243.64 -242.80 -245.31 -2 4 5 . 3 1 -243.64 -244.47 -2 4 3 . 6 4 -243.6 4 -243.64 -243.64 - 2 4 3 .64 -244.47 -243.64 -243.64 -2 4 3 . 6 4 -243.64 -244.47 -243.64 -244.47 -251.17 -251.17 - 2 5 6 . 19 -257.03 - 2 5 7 .87 -258.71 -259.54 -262.06 -261.22 -170.91 -170.91 -170.11 -170.11 -170.91 -170.91 -170. 91 - 1 7 0 . 91 -170.91 - 1 7 1 . 71 -171.71 -171.71 -170.91 -171.71 -172.50 -172.50 -174. 90 -172.50 -174.10 -176.49 -176.49 - 176.49 -177.29 -177.2 9 -176.49 -177.29 -175. 69 -172.50 -172.50 - 1 7 1 . 71 -171.71 -172.50 -172.50 -172.50 -171.71 -171.71 -172.50 -172.50 -170.91 -170.11 -170.91 -175.69 -176.49 -177.29 -178.09 -177.29 -178.09 -178.09 3 7 7 .94 378.70 378.70 3 7 8 .70 379.45 379.45 379.45 378.70 379.45 379.45 379.45 378.70 379.45 3 7 9 .45 -.156.41 -154.74 -154.74 -153.91 -153.08 - 1 5 3 .0 8 -153.08 -153.08 -153.91 -155.58 -154.74 -154.74 - 1 5 5 .58 -155.58 -156.41 -154.74 -158.07 -156.41 -157.24 -157.24 -157.24 -156.41 -156.41 -157.24 -154.74 -153.91 - 1 5 2 .24 -152.24 - 1 5 1 .41 -151.41 -151.41 -151.41 -152.24 -152.24 -151.41 - 1 5 1 .41 -152.2 4 -152.24 - 1 5 2 .24 - 1 5 2 .24 -152.24 -153.08 -153.0 8 -153.91 -156.41 -156.41 -158.91 -157.24 DATE J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J 24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 J24 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CH DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 0000 30 ICG 130 200 230 300 330 400 430 500 53 0 6C0 630 700 730 300 830 900 93 0 1000 1030 1 1 CO 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 153 0 16CQ 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 379.45 380.20 381.70 380.95 380.95 380.9 5 380.95 380.95 3 8 0 .9 5 381.70 380.95 380 .95 380.95 381.70 380.95 380.9 5 380.95 381.70 380 .95 380.95 3 81.70 38 1 .70 382.45 382.45 382.45 38 2.45 381.70 382.45 382.45 382.45 3 81.70 383.21 383.21 383.21 383.21 38 3.96 388.47 3 89.97 391.47 3 92.98 392.98 394.48 399.74 401.25 403.50 402.00 403.50 402.00 -319.79 -318.97 -321.42 -323.05 -323.05 -323.05 -325.50 -325.50 -325.50 -326.32 -326.32 -326.32 -326.32 -326.32 -326.32 - 3 2 6 .32 -327.14 -327.14 -327.14 -327.14 - 3 2 7 . 14 -327.95 -328.77 -328.77 - 3 3 1 .22 - 3 3 1 .22 -331.22 -331.22 - 3 3 1 .22 -332.85 -333.67 -335.30 -336.94 -33 8.57 -337.76 - 3 4 1 .84 -342.66 -342.66 -343.47 -345.92 -347.56 -347.56 -350.01 -350.01 - 3 5 1 .64 -350.82 -351.64 -350.82 -262.06 -262.89 -264.57 -264.57 -266.24 -266.24 -266.24 -266.24 -267 .92 -268.75 -268.75 -269.59 -269.59 -270.43 -2 69 .59 -269.59 -269.59 -270.43 -270.43 -272 .94 -272.94 -273.78 -273.78 -273.78 -274.61 -274.61 -273.78 -275.45 -275.45 -277.13 -277.13 - 2 7 7 .9 6 -278.80 -280.47 -281.31 -282. . 9 9 -282.99 -284.66 -288 .85 -289.68 -290.52 -290.52 -293.03 -291.36 -291.36 -291.36 -290.52 -290.52 -178.09 -178.09 -178.88 -178.88 -.178. 88 -178.88 -178.88 - 1 7 8 . 88 -178.09 -178.09 -178.88 - 178.88 -178.09 -178.09 - 1 7 8 . 88 -178.09 -178.88 -178.09 -178.88 -178.88 -178.88 - 1 7 8. 8 8 -178.88 -179.68 - 179.68 - 180.48 -179.68 -182.07 -181.28 -181.28 -182.07 -182.07 -.181.28 -181.28 -182.07 -182.07 -182.87 -182.07 -182.07 -182.07 -183.67 - 184.4 7 -186.06 - I 84.47 -182.87 -179.68 -180.48 -178.88 -158.07 -158.91 -158.91 - 1 5 8 .91 -158.91 -158.91 -159.74 -157.24 -158.07 -157.24 -158.07 -157.24 -158.07 - 1 5 8 .07 -154.74 -156.41 -156.41. -153.91. -154.74 -157.24 -155.58 -158.07 -159.74 - 1 5 9 .74 -159.74 -161.41 -163.07 -162.24 -163.07 - 1 6 1 .41 -160.57 -163.07 -163.07 -164.74 -164.74 -163.90 -162.24 -163.07 -163.07 -163.0 7 -161.41 -161.41 - 1 6 3 .07 - 1 6 1 .41 -160.57 -158.91 -159.74 -158.91 DATE J25 J25 J2 5 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J2 5 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J 25 J 25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 J25 TIME {HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH OOGO 30 100 130 200 230 300 330 400 430 500 530 600 63 0 700 730 800 830 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 20G0 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 402.00 402.00 4 0 5 .76 406.51 406.51 4 0 7 .26 408.01 408.76 411.02 411.77 414.78 415.53 4 1 7 .0 3 420.79 421.54 422.29 423.04 4 24.55 4 26.05 4 2 9 .8 1 432.06 -57.73 -53.97 -55.47 -6 2.24 -67.50 -71.26 -52.47 -50.21 -48.71 -50.21 -51.72 -53.22 -50.21 -47.96 -51.72 -53.97 -59.23 -59.98 -59.98 -55.47 -56.23 - 5 9 .98 -60.74 -51.72 - 5 3 .97 -56.23 -51.72 -350.82 -350.01 - 3 5 1 .64 -352.46 -352.46 -354.09 -358.18 -358.99 -358.99 -359.81 -359.81 -360.63 -361.44 -363.89 -363.89 -363.89 -365.53 -367.98 - 3 6 7 . 98 -373.70 -376.15 - 3 7 6 . 15 -375.33 -375.33 -3 7 5 . 3 3 -375.33 -375.33 -373.70 -374.51 -375.33 -375.33 -374.51 -376.15 -376.15 -375.33 -376.96 -376.96 -378.60 -376.96 -377.78 -378.60 -377.78 -380.23 -3 8 0 . 2 3 -3 7 7 . 7 8 -376.96 -376.96 -377.78 -290.52 -290.52 -290.52 -291.36 -290.52 -291.36 -291.36 -292.20 -292 .20 - 2 9 3 .03 -292.20 -293.87 -295.54 -295.54 -295.54 -295.54 -291.36 -291.36 -282 .99 - 2 7 3 .80 -276.29 -274.61 -273.78 -266.24 -262 .06 -260.38 -258.71 -258.71 -2 5 7 . 0 3 -257.03 -257.03 -257.03 -257.03 -257.03 -257.03 -258.71 -257.87 -259.54 - 2 5 8 .71 -258 .71 -257.87 -258.71 -260.38 -258.71 -258.71 -258 .71 -258.71 -258.71 -178.88 - 1 7 8 . 88 - 1 7 8 . 88 -179.68 -178.88 -181.28 -181.28 -186.06 -183.67 -183.67 -183.67 -186.06 -185.26 -186.06 -186.06 - 1 8 6 . 86 -190.05 -191.64 -192.44 -194.83 -195.63 -196.43 - 196.43 -194.83 -194.04 - 1 9 4 . 83 - 194.04 -194.04 -193.24 - 194.04 -193.24 -192.44 - 1 9 4 . 04 -193.24 -194.83 -196.43 - 194.83 -198.02 -195.63 -197.23 -195 .63 -196. 43 - 197.23 -195.63 -195. 63 - 194.83 -194.83 -194.83 - 1 5 8 .07 -157.24 -158.91 -158.91 -158.91 -158.91 -160.57 - 1 5 9 .74 -161.41 -161.41 -163.07 -163.90 -165.57 -165.57 -165.57 -165.57 -166.40 - 1 6 7 .24 -168.07 -168.90 - 1 6 8 .90 -168.90 -171.40 -168.90 -167.24 -168.07 -166.40 - 1 6 8 .07 -168.07 -167.24 - 1 6 8 .07 -167.24 -168.07 - 1 6 8 .07 -169.73 -169.73 -168.90 - 1 6 8 .90 -168.90 -174.73 -171.40 -173.07 -173.90 - 1 7 1 .40 -168.07 -168.07 -168.07 - 1 6 8 .07 DATE J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 J26 TIME (HOURS) OOOO 30 100 130 200 2 30 300 330 400 430 5 00 530 600 630 700 730 . 800 830 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 133 0 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 30 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 12 0 CM DEPTH 1 5 0 CM DEPTH -71.26 -52.47 -47.21 -48 .71 -54.72 -62.24 - 6 2 .24 -47.21 -53.22 -5 3.22 - 4 5 .70 -45.70 -47.21 -42.70 -45.70 -48.71 -5 0 .96 -58.48 - 6 4 . 49 -65.25 -53.22 - 5 9 . 98 -60.74 -55.47 -62.24 -67.50 - 6 5 .25 -67.50 -72.76 -75.02 - 7 5 .77 -75.7 7 -75.77 -77.27 -77.2 7 -75.7 7 - 7 8 .78 -78.78 - 8 1 . 78 -84.04 -8 3 . 2 9 -84.04 -83.29 - 8 7 .80 -89.30 -90.80 -90 .05 -84.79 -377.78 -376.96 -376.96 -376.96 -376.15 - 3 7 6 . 15 -376.15 -376.15 -376.15 -376.15 - 3 7 5 .33 -375.33 -375.33 -373.70 -375.33 -375.33 -375.33 -375.33 -376.15 -375.33 - 3 7 2 .06 -361.44 - 3 51. 64 -335.30 -314.88 -279.76 - 2 4 1 .37 -198.08 -170.31 -146.62 - 1 3 0 .28 -118.85 - 114.76 -113.13 -108.23 -105.78 -105.78 -104.96 -104.96 -106.60 -104.96 -103.33 - 1 0 2 . 51 -108.23 -107.41 -108.23 -10 7.41 -104.96 -258 .71 -258.71 -257.87 -257.03 -257.0 3 -2 5 7 . 0 3 -257.03 -257 .03 -257.03 -2 5 7 . 0 3 -256.19 -255.36 -253.68 -253.68 -253.68 -249.50 -247 .82 -241.96 -238.61 - 2 2 8 .57 -217.68 -211.82 -203.45 -191.73 -182.52 -165.77 -149.03 -141.49 -136.47 -132.28 -130.61 -127.26 -127.26 -125.59 -126.42 -123.91 -123.91 -123.07 -124.75 -128.10 -125.59 -124.75 -123.91 -129.77 -130.61 -129.77 -128 .93 -126.42 -194.83 -194.83 -194. 83 -193.24 -193.24 -190.05 -190.85 -190.85 -186.86 -187.66 -187.66 - 1 8 6 .86 - 1 8 8 . 45 - 186.86 -18 7.66 -187.66 -192.44 -194.04 -1.95.63 -197.23 -198.02 -202 .81 -206.00 -202.81 -202.81 -209.19 -209.19 -209.19 -206.00 -201.21 -198.02 -195.63 - 1 9 4 . 83 -194.83 -196.43 -190.85 -190.C5 -189.25 -191.64 -193.24 -190.05 -187.66 -188.45 - 191.64 -188.45 -190.05 - 186.86 -182.87 - 168.07 - 1 6 7 .24 -166.40 -166.40 -166.40 -166.40 -164.74 -164.74 -163.90 -164.74 -165.57 -164.74 -164.74 -163.07 - 1 6 4 .74 -163.90 -168.07 -168.07 - 1 7 1 .40 -174.73 -175.56 -175.56 -178.06 -179,73 - 1 7 8 .06 -179.73 -183.06 -.181.39 - 1 7 8 .90 -175.56 - 175.56 -173.90 -173.07 -168.90 - 1 7 1 .40 -166.40 -166.40 -165.57 - 1 6 8 .07 -169.73 -166.40 -165.5 7 -168.90 -169.73 - 1 6 8 .07 -169.73 -168.90 -166.40 DATE J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J 27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 J27 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 30 100 130 200 230 300 33 0 400 430 500 530 60 0 630 700 730 800 83 0 900 930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 19GC 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2 33 0 -84.79 -84.04 -86.29 -88.55 -88.55 - 7 6 . 52 -46.4 5 - 5 1 .7 2 -50.96 -57.73 - 5 9 .98 -64.49 - 6 6 . GO -69.76 - 6 9 .00 -68.25 -72.76 -72.76 -72.76 -74.27 -75.02 -75.77 -75.77 -76.52 -77.27 -77.27 -78.02 - 7 8 .78 -78.02 -77.27 - 8 0 .28 -80.28 -81.03 -82.53 -84.79 -86.29 -87.04 -85.54 -87.04 -84.79 - 8 8 .55 -90.05 -90.80 -90.80 - 9 0 .80 -90.80 - 8 9 . 30 -89.30 6 0 CM DEPTH -104.14 -101.69 -104.96 -103.33 -103.33 -103.33 - 104.14 -105.78 -100.88 -102.51 -102.51 -102.51 -100.88 -99.24 -97.61 -95.98 -97.61 -96.79 -97.61 -96.79 -97.61 - 9 5 .16 - 9 5 . 16 -95.98 -95.16 -94.34 - 9 1 . 89 -95.16 -92.71 -93.53 -93.53 -94.34 - 92 . 7 1 -95.16 -97.61 -99.24 -100.06 -99.24 -99.24 -97.61 -100 .06 -100.83 -102.51 -100.88 -101.69 -101.29 -99.24 -100.06 90 CH DEPTH - 1 2 6 .42 - 1 2 6 .42 - 1 2 6 .42 - 1 2 4 .75 - 1 2 5 . 59 -124 .75 -125.59 -127 .26 - 1 2 4 .75 - 1 2 5 . 59 - 1 2 6 .42 - 1 2 6 .42 - 1 2 5 . 59 - 1 2 5 .59 - 1 2 4 .75 - 1 2 3 .07 - 1 2 3 .07 - 1 2 2 .24 -122 .24 - 1 2 0 . 56 - 1 2 2 .24 - 1 2 1 .40 - 1 2 2 .24 - 1 2 2 .24 - 1 1 9 .72 -120 . 56 -118 . 89 -118 .05 -117 .21 - 1 1 8 .05 - 117 . 2 1 - 1 1 9 .72 - 1 1 6 .38 - 1 1 8 .89 - 1 2 0 .56 - 1 2 3 .07 - 1 2 2 .24 - 1 2 3 .07 -122 .24 - 1 2 1 .40 -123.07 - 1 2 3 .07 - 1 2 3 .91 - 1 2 3 .07 - 1 2 4 .75 - 1 2 3 .91 - 1 2 3 .07 - 1 2 1 .40 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 1 5 0 CM DEPTH -182.87 -182.87 -178.88 -176.49 -178.09 -174.90 -174.90 -173.30 -.1.71 . 7 1 -171.71 -170.91 -172.50 -170.91 -170.11 -169.31 -166.92 -168.52 -169.31 -167.72 -166.12 -166.12 -.164.53 -164.53 -166.92 -162.14 -162.93 - 1 6 0 . 54 -160.5 4 -156.55 -.156. 5 5 -154.96 -154.96 -147.78 -156.55 -154.96 -156.55 - 1 5 4 . .96 -155.76 -152.57 - 1 5 0. 9 7 - 1 5 4 . 16 -153.36 -151.77 -152.57 -150.97 -150.17 - 1 4 7 . 78 -147.7 8 -166.40 -165.57 - 1 6 3 .07 -161.41 -163.07 -163.07 -163.07 -161.41 - 1 6 2 .24 - 1 6 2 .24 -161.41 -163.90 - 1 6 2 .24 -163.90 - 163.07 -161.41 -163.07 -163.90 -163.07 -163.07 -162.24 -162.24 - 1 6 0 .57 -163.90 -160.57 - 1 6 0 .57 -158.91 -159.74 -157.24 -158.07 -158.07 -158.07 -155.58 -158.91 -158.91 -161.41 -159.74 -160.57 -159.74 -159.74 -161.41 -159.74 - 1 6 0 .57 -160.57 - 159.74 -159.74 -158.91 -155.58 DATE J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 J28 TIME (HOURS) 30 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 0030 0100 0130 0200 0230 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0530 0600 0630 0700 0730 0800 0830 0900 0930 1000 1030 -86.29 -86.29 -86.29 -84.79 -84.79 -84.04 - 8 4 . 79 -84.04 - 8 5 .54 -86.29 -87.04 - 8 7 .80 -87.80 - 8 7 . 80 -90.80 -90 .05 - 9 1 . 55 -90.05 -9 3 . 8 1 -93.06 -93.81 -95.31 -96.06 - 9 6 . 06 -96.06 -95.31 - 9 6 . 06 -96.06 -95.31 -93.81 -93.81 -95.31 -95.31 -96. 06 -95.31 -97.57 - 9 6 . 06 -96.82 - 9 7 .57 -98.32 -98.32 - 9 9 .8 2 -99.82 -101.33 -102.8 3 -102.83 - 1 0 2 . 33 - 102.83 -96.79 -97.61 -97.61 - 9 5 . 16 - 9 5 .16 -94.34 -95,16 -94.34 -96.79 -97.61 -96.79 -97.61 -97.61 -97.61 -100.88 -99.24 -ICC.06 - 100.06 -104.96 -104.96 -104.14 -104.14 -105.78 -106.60 -105.78 - 1 0 3 .33 -103.33 -104.14 -102.51 -100.88 -100.06 -102.51 -103.33 -102.51 -100.88 -103.33 -103.33 -103.33 -104.14 -104.14 -105.78 -105.78 -106.60 -109.05 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 18CG 1830 1900 193 0 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 -108.23 -108.23 -107.41 -107.41 9 0 CM DEPTH - 1 2 0 . 56 - 1 2 0 .56 -120 .56 - 1 1 7 .21 - 1 17 .2.1 - 1 1 6 .38 - 1 1 7 .21 - 1 1 6 .38 -118 .05 -118 .05 -118.89 - 1 1 8 .89 -119 .72 -120 .56 - 1 2 3 .07 - 1 2 3 .07 - 1 2 2 .24 - 1 2 3 .91 - 1 2 6 .42 - 1 2 5 . 59 - 1 2 6 . 42 - 1 2 6 .42 - 1 2 6 .42 - 1 2 9 .77 - 1 2 8 . 10 - 1 2 4 .75 -124 .75 -124 .75 - 1 2 4 .7 5 - 1 2 3 .91 - 1 2 3 .91 - 1 2 3 .91 - 1 2 5 . 59 - 1 2 3 .07 - 1 2 4 .75 - 1 2 4 .7 5 -125 .59 -124 . 75 -124.75 -124 .75 - 1 2 5 . 59 - 1 2 5 . 59 - 1 2 7 .26 -128 .10 -128 .93 - 1 2 8 . 10 -128 .93 - 1 2 7 .26 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -143.79 -143.79 -142.20 -142.20 -139.8 0 -139.01 -139.01 -138.21 -139.01 -139.01 -139.01 - 139.Cl -139.80 -139.80 - 1 4 2 . 20 - 1 4 2 . 20 -140.60 -142.99 -145.39 -143.79 -144.59 -143.79 -145.39 -146.18 - 143.79 -142.20 -142.20 -139. 80 -139.01 -139.80 - 1 3 9 . 01 - 1.38. 2 1 -139.80 -137.4 1 -139.01 -139.01 -139.80 - 1 3 8 . 21 -139.Cl -139.01 -139.80 - 140.6G -140.60 -142.20 -141.40 - 142.99 -142.20 . - 1 3 9 . 01 1 5 0 CM DEPTH - 1 5 2 .24 -153.08 -151.41 - 1 5 1 .41 -149.75 -149.75 -149.75 -149.75 -148.91 - 1 4 8 .91 -149.75 -148.91 - 1 4 9 .75 - 1 5 0 .58 -152.24 -153.08 -151.41 -153.91 - 154.74 - 1 5 2 .24 -153.91 -153.91 -153.08 -153.91 -152.24 -151.41 - 1 5 0 .58 -148.91 -148.91 -148.91 -148.91 -148.91 -148.91 -146.41 -148.08 - 146.41 - 1 4 8 .91 -144.75 -148.08 - 1 4 8 .08 -148.08 -149.75 - 1 4 9 .75 - 1 5 0 .58 -149.75 - 149.75 - 1 5 0 .58 -148.08 DATE J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J2 9 J29 J 29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 J29 TIME (HOURS) OOOO 0030 0100 0130 0200 0230 03C0 0330 0400 0430 0500 0530 0600 0630 0700 0 730 O8C0 0830 0900 0930 1OG0 1030 1100 113 0 1200 1230 13C0 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 18G0 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 23G0 2330 30 CM DEPTH 102.08 101.33 101.33 -99.82 101.33 -99.82 -99.82 101.33 101.33 100 .57 -99.82 -99.82 101.33 102.08 102.83 102.83 102.08 105.84• 105.84 108 .09 108.84 110.35 110 .35 110.35 114.10 113.35 111.10 108.09 113.35 110.35 112.60 113.35 107.34 106.59 110.35 -70.51 -75.02 -71.2 6 -71.26 -71.26 -72.01 -69.76 - 6 9 .00 -70.51 -70.51 - 6 9 .76 -69.00 -69.00 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -107.41 - 106.60 - 1 0 7.41 -105.78 -106.60 - 1 0 5 .78 -106.60 -107.41 -107.41 -105.78 -107.41 -126.42 -125.59 -126.42 -125.59 -125.59 -125.59 -125.59 -125.59 -126.42 -125.59 -125.59 -125.59 -125.59 -128.10 -130.61 -128.93 -131.45 -131.45 -133.12 -137.31 -138.98 -137.31 -139.82 -138.98 -141.49 -138.98 - 1 3 8 .98 -137.31 -139.82 -139.82 -141.49 -142.33 -141.49 -140.6 6 -147.35 -144.84 -141.49 -140.66 - 1 3 9 .82 - 1 3 9 .8 2 -138.98 -138.14 -133.96 -133.96 -133.96 -134.79 -132.28 -130.61 -139.01 - 1 3 9 . 80 -139.C1 -139.80 -139.80 -139.Cl -139.01 -139.80 - 1 3 9.0 1 -139.01 -138.21 - 1 3 8 . 21 -139.Cl -139.80 -140.60 -141.40 -141.40 -142.99 -144.59 -147.78 -148.58 -148.58 -14 8.58 -151.77 -148.58 -150.97 -150.17 -149.33 -154.16 -148.5 8 -151.77 -147.78 -151.77 -152.57 -160.54 -156.55 -152.57 -150.97 -154.16 -.150. 17 -148.58 -.150. 97 -147.78 -148.58 -147. 78 - 149. 3 8 -147.78 -144.59 - 105.78 -106.60 -109.05 -109.05 -108.23 -110.68 - 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6 6 .00 -67.50 -68.25 -68.25 -68.25 - 7 0 . 51 -71.26 - 7 5 .02 -75.02 -7 3.51 - 7 7 .27 -76.52 -77.27 -78.02 -80 .23 -78.02 - 7 7 . 27 - 7 7 .27 -76.52 -77.27 -77.27 -76.52 - 7 6 . 52 -79.53 -82.53 -84.79 -87.04 -88 .55 -89.30 -90.80 -90 .80 -89.30 -90.05 -91.55 - 9 0 .80 - 9 1 . 55 -92.31 -91.55 -92.31 -93.06 -91.55 -90.80 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CH DEPTH - 9 5 .98 -128 .93 -95.16 -127.2 6 -94.34 -124.75 -123.91 -93.53 -93.53 -123.07 -122.24 -92.71 -91 .89 -122.24 - 9 1 .89 -123.91 -91.08 -120.56 -122.24 -92.71 -120.56 -91.08 -91.08 -121.40 -91.89 -121.40 -122.24 -95.98 -97.61 -123.91 -95.98 ' -123.91 -96.79 -123.91 -98.43 -125.59 -98.43 -123.91 - 1 2 5 .59 - 9 9 .24 -98.43 -124.75 -96.79 -123.91 - 9 5 . 16 -123.07 -95.98 -121.40 -93 .53 -119.72 -94.34 -119.72 -94.34 -117 .21 -94.34 -120.56 -91.89 -118.05 -94.34 - 1 2 0 .56 -99.24 -123.91 -129.77 -103.33 - 1 0 4 . 14 -128.93 -102.51 -128 .10 -104.96 -129.77 - 105.78 -128.93 - 1 2 8 .9 3 -105.78 -104.96 -128.93 -104.96 -128 .10 -105.78 - 1 2 8 . 10 -10 4.14 -126.42 -104.96 -129.77 -106.60 -130.61 -106.60 -131 .45 -107.41 -131.45 - 1 0 8 . 23 -132 . 2 8 -130.61 - 1 0 5 .78 -104.96 -127.26 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 1 5 0 CM DEPTH -142.99 -139.80 -140. 60 -140.60 -140.60 -139.80 - 1 3 9 . 01 -143.79 -139.01 -141.40 -139.80 -140.60 -142.99 - 142.9 9 -143.79 -146.18 - 144.59 -146.18 -146.18 - 1 4 8 . 58 -145.39 -144.59 -142.20 -140.60 -140.60 - 1 3 9 . 80 -139. 80 -139.80 -.1.3 9. 8 0 -140.60 -146.18 -147.78 -148.58 -147.7 8 -148.58 - 1 4 8 . 58 -148.5 8 -14 8.58 -147.7 8 -149.38 -147.7 8 -148.58 -149.3 8 -151.77 -150.97 - 1 4 8 . 58 -146.18 -145.39 - 149.75 -148.91 -146.41 -145.58 -146.41 -143.92 -143.08 -146.41 -146.41 -143.08 -143.08 -145.58 -147.2 5 -146.41 -149.75 -150.58 -150.58 - 1 5 1 .41 -151.41 -153.08 - 151.41 -149.75 -149.75 -147.25 - 1 4 8 .08 -144.75 -144.75 -146.41 -143.92 -150.58 - 150.58 -153.91 -155.5 8 -153.08 -156.41 -154.74 - 154.74 -153.08 - 1 5 3 .08 -153.08 -153.08 - 1 5 5 .58 -157.24 -158.07 -.160 . 5 7 -158.91 -152.24 - 1 5 2 .24 DATE J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 ' J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 J31 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 90 CH DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 0000 0030 0100 0130 02 0 0 0230 0300 0330 -89.30 -86.29 - 8 7 . 80 -85.54 - 8 6 .29 -84.79 -84.79 -84.79 -84.79 -84.79 -84.79 -86.29 - 8 7 . 80 -89.30 -9 2 . 3 1 -91.55 - 9 2 . 31 -9 2 . 3 1 -91.5 5 -93.06 -93.06 -91.55 - 9 2 . 31 -93.81 -93.81 -93.06 -96.06 -95.31 -98.32 -96.82 -93.06 -93.06 -93.06 -96.06 - 9 9 .07 -99.07 -99.82 1 0 0 .57 ICO.57 1G0.57 100.57 101.33 104.3 3 102.83 104.33 103.58 102.83 100.57 -104.14 -102.51 -100.88 -99.24 -100.88 -100.06 - 9 9 . 24 -97.61 -99.24 -98.43 -98.43 -98.43 -103.33 - 1 0 2 .51 - 1 0 4 .96 -104.14 - 1 0 4 . 14 -104.96 -104.14 -104.96 -105.78 -104.96 -103.33 -105.78 -106.60 -103.33 -105.78 -10 2 . 5 1 -105.78 -106.60 -104.96 -100.88 -1G0.06 -103.33 - 1 0 4 .14 -104.96 -107.41 -107.41 -108.23 -107.41 -105.78 -106.60 -110.68 -109.86 -112 .31 -109.86 -109.86 -105.78 -126.42 -124.75 -124.75 - 1 2 3 .0 7 -123.91 -123.91 -123.91 -121.40 -.123.07 -123,0 7 -122.24 -121.40 -124.75 -125.59 -129.77 -128.10 -126.42 -127.26 -127.26 -127.26 - 1 2 9 .77 -126.42 -126.42 -128.10 -130 . 61 -130.61 -130.61 -128.10 -126.42 -128.10 -124.75 -123.91 -123.91 -127.26 -127 .26 -128.93 -130.61 -128.93 -129.77 -128.93 -128.93 -128.93 -130.61 -132.28 -133.96 -128.93 -130.61 -127.26 -142.20 -140.60 -142.20 -139.80 -140.60 -138.21 - 1 3 9 . 80 - 1 3 8.21 -137.41 -138.21 -139.80 -137.41 -139.01 -140.60 -142.99 -144.59 -142.20 -140.60 -142.99 -146.18 -142.20 -144.59 -143.79 -142.99 -145.39 -141.40 - 1 4 6 . 18 -141.40 - 1 4 1 .40 -143.79 - 1 3 9 . 80 -139.80 -139.01 -140.60 -142.99 -142.99 -143.79 -142.99 -141.40 -141.40 - 142.99 -142.20 -144.59 -146.18 -147.78 -144.59 -142.99 -139.80 040 0 0430 0500 0530 0600 0 630 0700 073 0 0 800 083 0 090 0 0930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 19G0 1930 2000 203 0 210 0 2130 2200 2230 2300 2 33 0 -150.5 8 -146.41 -147.25 -144.75 -148.08 - 1 4 7 .25 -144.75 -146.41 - 1 4 4 .75 - 1 4 3 .92 -146.41 -147.25 - 1 4 7 .25 -149.75 -153.08 - 1 5 2 .24 -152.24 -149.75 -149.75 -150.58 -148.91 -149.75 -1.49 . 7 5 -150.5 8 -150.58 -.148 .0 8 -151.41 -148.91 -144.75 -148.91 -144.75 -146.41 -143.92 -148.08 -151.41 -151.41 -149.75 -149.75 -148.91 -148.91 -149.75 -148.91 - 1 5 0 .58 -153.08 -150.58 -149.75 -149.75 -147.25 DATE A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A' A A A A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH OOOQ 0030 0100 0130 0200 0230 0 300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0530 0600 0630 0 7(30 0 730 0800 0 830 0900 093 0 1000 1030 11CG 1130 1200 123 0 130 0 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2 330 -102.08 - 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133.12 -132.28 -134.79 -130.61 -133.96 -137.31 - .11 8 . 0 3 -137.31 -119.66 -133,96 -117.21 -114.76 -112.31 -133.96 -132.28 -139.80 -135.82 -13 7.41 -139.01 -137.41 - 1 3 8 . 21 -139.01 -138 .21 -137.41 -137.41 -139.01 -13 9.01 -139.01 -138.21 -143.79 -143.79 -14 7.78 -148.58 - 1 4 7 . 78 - 1 4 6 . 18 -139.01 -142.99 -141.40 -141.40 -142.20 -142.20 -142.2 0 -142.20 -140.60 - 1 3 9 . 01 -142.99 -142.99 -144.59 -143.79 -148.58 -144. 59 -143.7 9 -143.79 -146.18 - 1 4 2 . 99 -146.18 -145.39 -147.78 -144.59 -142.20 -141,40 -147.25 -145.58 -144.75 - 1 4 4 .75 -144.75 -141.42 -144.75 -144.75 -143.92 -144.75 -145.58 -144.75 -145.58 - 1 4 3 .92 -144.75 -147.25 -149.75 -149.75 -151.41 - 1 5 0 .58 -151.41 -149.75 -148.91 -149.75 -148.08 -148.08 -146.41 -147.25 -147.25 - 1 4 8 .0 8 -145.58 -144.75 -147.25 -148.08 -148.08 -149.75 -153.91 -148.08 -148.91 - 1 4 8 .0 8 -149.75 -148.08 -150.58 - 1 5 1 .41 -150.5 8 -151.41 - 1 4 8 .0 8 -145.5 8 DATE A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH oocc 110.35 108.84 108 .84 108.84 108.09 108.09 108.09 107.34 108.09 106.59 107.34 107.34 107.34 107.34 108.09 108 .84 111.10 112.60 111.85 114.86 115.61 116.36 117 .86 117.86 120.12 120.12 116.36 117.86 119.37 117 .86 116.36 115.61 116 .36 118.61 116.36 119.37 121.62 120.12 115.61 115.61 1 18.61 119.37 121.62 121.62 1 2 0 . 12 119.37 116.36 115.61 -110.68 - 1 0 9 . 05 -109.86 -109.05 -109.86 -108.23 -110.68 -109.05 -109.86 -109.05 -109.05 - 1 0 8 . 23 -109.86 -109.05 -109.86 -109.86 -113.13 -114.76 -115.58 -118.03 -118.03 - 1 1 8 . 85 -119.66 -122.93 -124.57 -122.93 -120.48 -120.48 -120.48 -120.48 -117.21 -116.40 -118.85 -119.66 -118.03 -121.30 -120.48 -118.03 -117.21 -116.40 -119.66 -120.48 - 1 2 2 .93 -122.93 -118.85 -120.48 -118.03 -117.21 0030 0100 0130 0200 0230 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0530 0600 0630 0700 0 730 08C0 0830 0900 0930 1000 10 30 1100 113 0 1200 1230 13C0 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 18C0 18 30 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 9 0 CM DEPTH -129.77 -127.26 -127.26 -127 .26 -127.26 - 1 2 6 .42 -126.42 -126.42 - 1 2 7 .26 -126.42 -126.42 -126.42 - 1 27 . 2 6 -126.42 -127.26 -127 .26 -128.93 -133.12 -134.79 -137.31 -136.47 -135.63 -136.47 -142.33 -142.33 - 1 3 6 .47 -137.31 -137.31 -138.98 -137.31 -137.31 -134.79 -135.63 -138.98 -136.47 - 1 3 9 .82 -138.98 -133.96 -130.61 -134.79 -137.31 -138.98 - 139 . 8 2 -139.82 -136.47 -137.31 - 1 3 9 .8 2 -135.63 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -140.60 - 1 3 9 . 01 -138.21 -137.41 -138.21 -135.82 -136.61 -135.82 -137.4 1 -.135.82 -136.61 -136. 61 -137.4 1 -136.61 -139.01 -137.41 -139.80 -143.79 -144.59 -146.18 -147.78 -147. 78 -145.39 -.150.97 -151.77 -14 6.98 -146.98 -150.17 -14 9.38 -147.78 -146.18 -142.99 -147.78 -147.7 8 - 1 4 6 . 18 - 1 4 6 . 98 -147.78 -142.20 -141.40 -142.99 -144.59 -146.98 -147.78 -147.78 -143.79 -146.18 - 142.99 -143.79 -144.75 -143.92 -141.42 -142 .25 -141.42 -141.42 -140.58 - 1 4 0 .58 -141.42 -139.75 - 1 4 0 .58 -139.75 -141.42 - 1 4 1 .42 -142.25 -142.25 -144.75 -147.2 5 -148.08 -150.58 -149.75 -149.75 -150.58 -157.24 - 1 5 5 .58 -153.08 -150.5 8 - 1 5 1 .41 -153.08 -151.41 - 1 4 8 .91 -148.91 -152.24 - 1 4 8 .08 - 1 5 3 .08 -153.91 -151.41 -144.75 -144.75 -146.41 - 1 5 1 .41 -151.41 - 1 5 1 .41 - 1 5 1 .41 - 1 4 8 .91 -148.91 -148.08 -147.2 5 DATE A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 TIME (HOURS ) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 0000 0030 0100 013 0 0200 0230 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 053 0 0600 06 3 0 070 0 0730 0800 0830 0900 0930 1000 103G 1100 1130 12 0 0 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 183 0 190 0 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 115 .61 116.36 112.60 111.85 111.10 111.85 111.8 5 1 1 1 .10 112.60 111.85 111.10 110.35 111.85 111 .85 114.10 114.10 113.35 114.10 116.36 116,36 116.36 115.61 119.37 117 . 8 6 117.86 120.87 117.11 116.36 117.86 119.37 - 1 1 5 .58 -114.76 -112.31 -112.31 -112.31 - 1 1 1.50 -113.95 - 1 1 3 .13 -113.13 -113.13 -113.95 -112.31 - 1 1 3 . 95 -113.13 -117.21 -114.76 -118.03 -116.40 -118.03 -119.66 -118.85 -118.03 -118.85 -118.85 -121.30 -118.85 -117.21 -118.03 -118.85 -118.85 -118.85 -118.85 - 118.85 -118.85 -120.48 -121.30 -122.93 -125.38 -120.48 -120.48 -125.38 -123.75 - 1 2 2 . 93 -127.02 -125.38 -124.57 -123.75 -122.93 119 .37 119.37 120.12 120 .12 1 2 0 . 12 123.88 123.88 123.88 123.12 123.88 1 25 . 3 8 123.8 8 124.6 3 1 2 6 .88 126.88 126.88 125.38 124.63 9 0 CM DEPTH -134.79 -134.79 -131.45 -128.93 - 1 2 8 .93 - 1 2 8 .9 3 -129.77 -131.45 -129.77 -128.93 -128 .93 -129.77 -130.61 -130.61 -131.45 -131.45 - 1 3 3 . 12 -134.79 -134.79 -135.63 -138.98 -138.98 -138.14 -138.98 -138.98 -136.47 -135.63 -134.79 -134.79 - 1 3 6 .47 -136.47 -134.79 -137.31 -134.79 -138 .98 -138 .14 -139.82 -138 . 5 6 -138.98 - 1 3 6 .4 7 -140.66 -140.66 -138.98 -138.98 -142.33 -141.49 -137.31 - 1 3 8 .98 12 0 CM DEPTH -142.20 -139.80 - 1 3 9 . 01 -140.60 -13 9.01 -137.41 -138.21 -138.21 - 1 3 9. 0 1 -137.41 -136.61 -135 .82 -138.21 -139.01 -140.60 -139.80 -141.40 -141.40 -142.20 -142.99 - 1 4 6 . 18 -147.78 -146.18 -144.59 -148.58 -144.5 9 -142.2 0 -143.79 -143.79 -143.79 -143.79 -144.59 -143.79 -143.7 9 -145.39 -146.18 - 1 4 8.5 8 -145.39 -146.18 -143.79 -147.78 -142 .99 -144.59 -146.98 -148.58 -148. 58 -143.79 -143.79 -145.58 -144.75 -143.08 -143.08 -144.75 -140.58 -142.2 5 -141.42 -141.42 -142.25 -140.58 -141.42 -141.42 -142.25 -145.58 -143.08 -144.75 -144.75 -145.58 -145.58 -146.41 -147.25 -149.75 -147.25 - 1 4 8 .91 -147.25 -144.75 -146.41 -146.41 -147.25 -146.41 -147.25 -148.91 -146.41 -149.75 -148.91 -153.08 -147.25 - 1 4 8 .0 8 -145.58 - 150.58 -148.91 -151.41 -150.58 -153.08 -153.91 -149.75 -146.41 DATE A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 TIME {HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH OOOO OOCC 0030 0100 013 0 02G0 0 230 0300 0330 0400 0430 05CC 0530 0600 0630 0700 0730 0800 0830 09C0 0930 100 0 1030 1100 1130 12C0 12 30 1300 1330 1400 1430 15C0 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1 830 1900 1930 20CO 2030 2100 2130 22GG 2230 2300 2330 123.88 123.88 123.88 120.12 1 2 0 . 12 120.87 121.62 1 20 . 1 2 121.62 119.37 121.62 121.62 120.12 119.37 119.37 123.88 126.13 123.88 126.88 123.88 - 1 2 1 .30 - 1 2 1 .30 -119.66 -119.66 -116.40 -118.85 -118.03 -117.21 -118.85 -117.21 -118.85 -118.03 -118.85 -117.21 - 1 2 1 .30 -120.48 -124.57 -122.93 -125.38 -122.93 -127.02 -126.20 -127.83 -125.38 -127.02 -122.93 -122.93 -121.30 - 1 2 1 .30 -122.93 -120.48 -120.48 -122.11 -125.38 - 1 2 2 .93 -126.20 - 1 2 7 . 83 -128.65 -129.47 -127.83 -128.65 -126.20 -127.83 -128.65 - 1 3 2 .73 -133.55 - 131.92 -129.47 -13 0.28 1 2 6 .88 124.63 126.88 126.88 127.63 1 2 6 . 13 125.38 1 2 3 . 8 8 123.12 124.63 123.12 123.88 126.13 126.88 127 .63 129.89 132.14 132.14 135.15 132.90 133.65 133.65 135.15 135.90 1 3 8 . 16 139.66 1 3 8 . 9 1 136.65 138.16 90 CN DEPTH - 136 . 4 7 -136.47 -135.63 -133.12 - 1 3 3 .9 6 -133.9 6 -132.28 -131.45 -134.79 -133.12 -133.96 -133.96 -134.79 -135.63 -138.14 -135.63 -137.31 -135.63 -139.82 -137.31 -140.66 -142.33 -142.33 -140.66 -144.00 -140.66 -138.14 -138.14 -136.4 7 -136.47 -135.63 -135.63 -138.98 -138.98 -139 . 8 2 -139.82 -143.17 -142.33 -143.17 -139 .82 -144.84 -141.49 -143.17 - 1 4 3 .17 -143.17 -148.19 -146.52 - 1 4 3 . 17 -143.17 1 2 0 CM DEPTH - 1 4 2 . 20 - 142.20 -140.60 -140.60 - 1 3 9 . 8 0 -141.40 -140.60 -13 8.21 -139.01 -141.40 -141.40 -140.6 0 -139.80 -139.80 -145.39 -142 .99 -142.99 -143.79 -147.78 -146.18 -146.98 -146.98 -149.38 -147.78 -148.58 -147.78 -143.79 -145.39 -143.79 -142.99 - 142.99 -142.99 -147.78 -146.18 -146.98 -148.58 -147.78 -149.38 - 1 5 0 . 1 7 -147.78 -148.58 -147.78 -148.58 -147.78 -148.58 -150.97 - 1 5 0 . 97 -149.38 -150.17 -145.58 -145.58 -144.75 -143.08 -143.08 -142.25 -144.75 - 1 4 1 .42 - 1 4 3 .92 -143.92 -145.58 -143.0 8 -142.25 -143.08 -147.25 -147.25 -148.08 -147.25 -150.58 -148.91 -149.75 -149.75 -151.41 -151.41 -152.24 - 1 4 8 .08 -145.53 -147.25 -145.58 -144.75 -144.75 -147.25 - 1 4 7 .25 -148.91 -147.25 - 1 5 2 .24 -150.58 -153.08 -152.24 -150.58 -152.24 -149.75 - 1 5 2 .24 -152.24 -153.91 -156.41 -153.91 -150.58 -148.08 DATE A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 TIME { HO URS ) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CH DEPTH GOOD 003G 0100 0130 0200 0230 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0530 0600 0 630 0700 0730 0800 0830 0900 0930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 153 0 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 233 0 134.40 130.64 128.39 129.14 1 2 8 . 39 126.88 129.14 126 . 1 3 127.63 126.88 127 .63 126.88 1 2 9 . 14 1 2 9 . 14 1 3 1 . 39 132.14 131.39 132.14 132.90 13 2.90 134.40 135.15 135.90 1 3 5 .'90 1 3 2 .90 132.90 135.15 131.39 134.40 135.90 138 .16 134.40 136.65 136.65 138 .16 1 3 8 . 16 141.17 138 .16 1 4 1 . 17 140.41 1 4 1 .17 141.92 142.67 146.4 3 1 4 5 .68 146.43 1 4 7 . 18 141.92 127.83 125.38 122.93 1 2 3 .75 122.93 120.48 1 2 2 . 11 122.11 12 3 . 7 5 122.93 123.75 123.75 124.57 123.75 12 8.65 127.83 127.83 127.02 12 7 . 0 2 128.65 128.65 131.10 130.28 12 5 . 3 8 12 7.02 127.02 128.65 127.02 129.47 127.02 128.65 127.02 127.83 129.47 131 .10 131.92 1 3 5 . 18 130.28 131.10 131.92 131.92 136.00 134.37 136.00 137.63 136.82 1 3 5 . 18 133.55 -140.66 -138 .1 4 -136.4 7 -137.31 - 1 3 8 .98 -136.4 7 -137.31 -135.6 3 -136.47 -135.63 -134.79 -133.96 -136.47 -137.31 -141.49 -138.98 -143.17 - 1 3 9 .8 2 -138.98 -138.14 -142.3 3 -144.00 -144.00 -139.8 2 - 1 4 3 .17 -142.33 -142.33 -143.17 -142.3 3 -142.33 -143.17 -143.17 -142.33 -143.17 -144.00 -145.68 -145.68 -142.3 3 -144.00 -145.68 -146.52 -144.84 -147.35 -150.70 -150.70 -149.87 -145.68 -144.00 -145.39 -143.79 -142.99 -143.7 9 -142.99 -139.01 -139.01 -139.80 -140.60 -140.60 -141.40 -139.80 -141.40 -142.99 -146.98 - 1 4 6 . 18 -147.78 -147.7 8 -146.98 -146.18 -147.78 -150.97 -150.97 -146.98 -146.18 -146.18 -146.98 -14 7.78 -147.78 -148.58 - 1 5 0 . 97 -148.58 -147.78 -147. 78 -150.97 -150.97 -147. 78 -14 8.58 -148.58 -1.50. 17 -151.77 -149.3 8 -150.97 -150.97 -1.54. 16 - 1 5 2 .57 -149.38 -146.98 -146.41 -145.58 -3.43 . 0 8 -144.75 -143.92 -142.2 5 -143.08 -143.92 -140.58 -143.08 - 143.08 -140.58 -144.75 -145.58 -151.41 -147.25 -148.08 -148.08 - 1 5 1 .41 -148.91 -150.58 -151.41 - 1 5 2 .2.4 -149.75 -147.25 -148.91 -148.91 -147.25 -149.75 -147.25 -148.08 -147.25 -148.08 -148.91 -149.75 -151.41 -152.2 4 -149.75 -148.91 -148.91 -152.24 - 1 5 1 .41 -153.0 8 -153.91 -153.91 -157.24 -151.41 -148.08 C AT E A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 T IME (HOURS) OOOO 0030 0100 0130 0200 0230 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0530 06CC 0630 0700 0730 0800 0830 0900 0930 1000 103 0 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 16CC 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 193 0 2000 2 03 0 2100 2130 2200 2 23 0 2300 2330 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH — 1 4 1 . 17 - 1 3 1 . 10 - 1 2 8 . 65 - 1 2 8 . 65 - 1 2 8 . 65 - 1 2 8 . 65 -128.65 - 1 2 7 . 02 - 1 2 7 . 83 - 1 2 9 .4 7 - 1 2 8. 6 5 - 1 2 7 . 83 - 1 2 6 . 20 - 1 2 8 . 65 - 1 3 1 . 92 - 1 3 2 . 73 - 1 3 2 . 73 - 1 3 1 . 92 - 1 3 5 . 18 - 1 3 2 . 73 - 1 3 1 .92 - 1 3 5 . 18 - 1 3 5 . 18 - 1 3 6 . 00 - 1 3 3 . 55 - 1 3 6 . 82 - 1 3 3 .5 5 - 1 3 3 . 55 - 1 3 3 . 55 - 1 3 1 .10 - 1 3 3 . 55 - 1 3 3 . 55 - 1 3 3 . 55 - 1 3 4 . 37 - 1 3 6 . 82 - 1 4 2 . 54 - 1 4 4 . 17 - 1 4 5 . 80 - 1 4 0 . 90 - 1 3 7 .6 3 - 1 3 8 . 45 - 1 3 8 . 45 - 1 3 7 . 63 - 1 4 2 .5 4 - 1 4 1 . 72 - 1 4 4 . 17 - 1 4 4 . 99 - 1 4 0 . 90 -137.63 -1 4 0 . 4 1 -1 4 0 . 4 1 -138.91 -1 3 8 . 1 6 -1 3 8 . 1 6 -138.16 -139.66 -1 3 8 . 9 1 -1 3 7 . 4 1 -138.16 -1 3 5 . 9 0 -138.91 -139.6 6 -1 4 1 . 1 7 -1 4 3 . 4 2 -1 4 1 . 9 2 - 1 4 1 . 17 -1 4 1 . 1 7 -1 4 1 . 9 2 - 14 3 . 4 2 -1 4 3 . 4 2 -1 4 5 . 6 8 -1 4 2 . 6 7 -1 4 6 . 4 3 -141.92 -143.42 -142.67 -1 4 1 .92 -1 4 5 . 6 8 -145.68 -1 4 3 . 4 2 -1 4 3 . 4 2 -149.43 -1 5 1 . 6 9 -153.19 -156.95 -150.94 -148 .68 -1 5 0 . 1 9 -148.68 -152.44 -1 5 3 . 9 4 -153.19 -1 5 6 . 2 0 -1 5 6 . 2 0 -153.19 - 149.43 9 0 CM DEPTH -141.49 -139.8 2 - 1 3 8 . 14 -141.49 -141.49 -142.33 -138.98 -138.98 -139.82 - 1 3 3 .9 8 -139.82 - 1 3 8 . 14 -139.82 -142.33 -145.68 -145.68 -145.68 -145,68 -143.17 -142.33 -148.19 - 1 4 6 .52 -147.35 -146.52 -148.19 -144.00 -144.00 -144.00 -144.00 -143.17 -145.68 -143.17 -145.68 -148.19 -154.0 5 -154.89 -154.05 -151.54 - 1 4 8 .19 -148.19 -1 49 . 8 7 - 15 2 . 3 8 -152.38 -150.70 -154.05 -151.54 -152.38 -143.19 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 1 5 0 CM DEPTH -144.59 - 142.99 -143.79 -142.99 -144.5 9 -146.18 -144.59 -142.99 -142.99 -142 .99 -143.79 - 143.7 9 -145.39 -143.79 -146.18 -148.58 -152.57 -148.58 -145.3 9 -146.98 -149.38 -151.77 -150.97 -150.97 -151.77 -150.17 -149.38 -147.78 -147.78 -147.78 -147.78 -144.59 -148.58 - 1 5 1.77 -156.5 5 -156.55 -157.35 -151.77 -151.77 -150.97 -150.97 -151.77 -155.76 -152.57 -156.55 -151.77 -152.57 -147.78 -146.41 -144.75 -144.75 -145.5 8 -144.75 - 145.58 -147.2 5 -144.75 - 143.92 -143.08 -143.08 -143.92 -145.58 -145.58 -147.25 -148.91 -153.08 -149.75 -148.91 - 1 4 8 .91 - 1 5 2 .24 -153.08 -151.41 -151.41 -152.24 -151.41 -149.75 -148.08 -150.58 -149.75 -148.91 -148.08 -149.75 - 1 5 3 .08 -158.07 -158.07 - 1 6 0 .57 -152 .24 -153.91 -152.24 - 1 5 2 .24 -157.24 -160.57 - 1 5 8 .07 -158.07 -155.58 -155.58 -149.75 DATE A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 TIME (HOURS ) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH oocc 149.43 149.43 1 4 5 .68 143.42 145.68 1 4 5 .63 145.68 144.17 144.92 144.92 145.68 146.43 146.43 148.68 150.19 15 0 . 1 9 153.94 151.69 153.19 149.43 152.44 151.69 154.70 153.19 156.95 1 5 3 . 19 153.94 153.19 153.94 15 3 . 1 9 153.94 154.70 155 .45 153.94 153.19 156.20 157.70 154.70 154.70 153.94 1.53. 1 9 153.19 15 3 . 1 9 152.44 150.19 15 2 . 4 4 151.69 149.43 -135,18 - 133,55 -134.37 -132.73 -133.55 -132.73 -133.55 -132.73 -132.73 - 1 3 0 .28 -133.55 -133.55 -132.73 -137.63 -140.08 -141.72 -142.54 -141.72 -143.35 -140.90 -142.54 00 30 0100 0130 0200 0230 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0530 0600 0630 0700 0730 08G0 0830 0900 0930 1000 10 3 0 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1 730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2 000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 - 145.80 -143.35 -143.35 -149.07 -144.17 -144.17 -144.17 -144.17 - 1 4 5 .80 -145.80 -146.62 -147.44 -148.25 -145.80 -145.80 -146.62 -148.25 -148.25 -149.07 -149.07 -149.8 9 -148.25 -147.44 -147.44 -148.25 -148.25 -144.99 9 0 f CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -145.68 -146.18 -144.00 - 1 4 4 . 59 -142.3 3 - 145.3 9 -145.63 -142.99 -140.66 -142.99 -140.66 -141.40 -143.17 -142.99 -139.82 -142.99 -142.33 -145.39 - 1 39 . 8 2 - 1 4 3 . 7 9 -141.49 - 1 4 2 .99 -143.17 -146.18 -141.49 -146.18 -148.19 -150.17 - 1 4 3 .1 9 - 1 5 0 . 97 -151.54 -154.96 -151.54 -155.76 -150.70 -151.77 -152.38 -154.96 -152.38 - 1 5 8 . 15 -153.21 -156.55 -153.21 -157.3 5 -154.89 -159.74 -154.05 -157.35 - 1 58 . 2 4 -158.95 -152.38 - 1 5 6 . 55 -152.38 -15 5.76 -151.54 -155.76 - 1 5 1 .54 -155.76 -153.21 -156.55 -151.54 - 1 5 5 .76 -154.89 -157.35 -154.05 -159.74 -153.21 -157.35 -153.21 -158.15 -154.05 - 1 5 6 . 55 -152.38 -158.15 -154.05 -15 8.95 -154.05 -158.95 -154.05 -158.15 -153.21 - 1 5 8 . 15 -154.89 -156.55 -153.21 -157.35 -151,54 -157.35 -153.21 -154,96 -153.21 -156.55 - 1 5 0 .70 -152.57 -149.03 -154.16 -148.91 -148.08 -144.75 -144.75 -145.58 -144.75 -145.58 - 1 4 4 .75 -148.0 8 -144.75 -145.58 -147.2 5 -147.25 -151.41 -151.41 -158.07 -156.41 - 1 5 5 .58 -156.41 -157.24 -156.41 -157.24 -158.91 - 1 5 9 .74 -159.74 -158.07 -157.24 - 1 5 3 .91 -153.91 -156.41 -155.58 -156.41 -159.74 - 1 5 8 .91 -157.24 -158.07 -158.91 - 1 5 8 .07 -158.07 -158.07 - 1 5 7 .24 -158.07 -159.74 -157.24 -157.24 -158.07 -156.41 -157.24 DATE A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 12 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 0030 0130 0200 0230 0300 0330 0400 0430 0 500 0530 0600 0630 0700 0730 08G0 0 83 0 0900 0930 1000 103 0 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1 730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2 03 0 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 1 4 9 .4 3 149.43 152.44 150 .94 150.94 151.69 151.69 150.19 152.44 151.69 152.44 152.44 153.94 15 3 . 1 9 153.19 153.94 1 5 6 .20 156.95 156.95 159.21 158.45 157.70 156.95 1 6 0 .7 1 155.45 154.70 1 5 4 .70 157.70 145.80 147.44 144.99 141.72 141.72 140.08 142.54 144.99 143.35 145.80 145.80 144.99 146.62 147.44 148.25 147.44 148.25 148.25 149.07 147.44 144.99 146.62 144.99 145.80 144.99 144.99 143.35 146.62 143.35 145.80 141.72 144.99 144.99 149.39 145.80 144.99 145.80 146.62 149.89 146 .62 148.25 149.89 147.44 149.07 146.62 1 4 4 . 17 144.17 - 1 4 9 .87 -150.70 -151.54 -151.54 -143 .19 -147.35 -147.35 -149.87 -151.54 - 1 5 0 .70 -150.70 -152.38 -153.21 -153.21 -154.05 -152.38 -154.05 -153.21 -154.89 -154.05 -154.05 -154.05 -154.89 - 1 5 6 .56 -150.70 -154.05 - 151.54 -154.89 -15.1 . 5 4 - 1 5 4 .05 - 1 5 0 .70 -154.05 -153.21 -159.91 -154.89 -154.89 -155.73 -156.56 -156.56 - 1 5 2 .38 -155.73 -155.73 -154.05 -154.89 -151.54 -152.38 -152.38 -153.36 - 1 5 2 .57 -154.96 -154.16 - 1 5 5 .76 -154.96 -154.96 -156.55 - 1 5 4 . 16 - 153.3 6 -153.3 6 -154.16 -154.96 - 1 5 4 . 16 -154.96 -155.76 -155.7 6 -156.55 -156.55 -154.96 -153.36 -157.35 -156.55 -155.76 -153.36 - 1 5 1 . 77 -154.96 -156.55 -154.16 -154.96 -151.77 - 1 5 4 . 16 -156.55 - 1 5 8.95 -153.36 -155.76 -156.55 -154.96 -159.74 -159.74 -155.76 -155.76 -152.5 7 -151.77 -154.16 - 1 5 1 . 77 -151.77 15 5 . 4 5 156.95 153.94 156.95 156.20 161.46 159.21 157.70 158.45 157.70 161.46 16 0.71 1 6 0 .7 1 163.72 162.21 162.21 160.71 159.96 160 .71 -157.24 -156.41 - 1 5 2 .24 -154.74 -155.58 -154.74 -153.91 -154.74 -154.74 -155.58 -156.41 -157.24 -156.41 -155.58 -157.24 -154.74 -155.58 -155.58 -156.41 -157.24 -153.91 -156.41 -158.07 -159.74 - 1 5 6 .41 -156.41 -155.58 -157.24 -156.41 -155.58 - 153.91 -156.41 -159.74 -158.07 - 1 5 8 .07 -155.58 -155.58 -156.41 - 1 5 8 .07 -157.24 -158.07 - 1 5 8 .07 -155.58 -155.58 - 1 5 5 .58 -153.91 -155.58 DATE A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 T I ME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH oooo -157.70 -154.70 -158.45 -157.70 -155.45 -155.45 -156.20 - 156.20 - 1 5 7 .70 -156.95 -156.9 5 -155.45 - 1 5 7 . 70 -155.45 - 156.95 -154.70 -160.71 -160.71 - 1 5 9 .21 -159.21 - 1 6 0 . 71 - 1 6 1 .46 -162.21 -157.70 - 162.21 - 1 6 0 .71 -161.46 -157.70 -159.21 -162.96 - 159.21 -160.71 - 1 5 9 .21 -162.21 -162.96 -162.96 -164.47 -161.46 -163.72 -163.72 -162.96 -164.47 -162.96 -161.46 - 164.47 -163.72 -163.72 -165.2 2 -142.54 - 1 4 0 .90 - 1 4 1 .72 -143.35 -142.54 -141.72 -140.90 - 141.72 -141.72 -141,72 -143.35 -140.08 -140.90 -141.72 -142.54 -144.99 -147.44 -148. 25 -144.99 -146.62 -144.99 -147.44 -149.89 -147.44 -148.25 -147.44 -147.44 -146.62 -145.80 -149.07 -147.44 -149.89 -144.99 -148.25 -149.89 -149.89 -150.70 -149. 07 -151.52 - 1 5 1 .52 -153.15 -152.34 -153.15 -153.15 -153.15 -150.70 - 1 5 1 .52 -151.52 - 1 4 9 .03 - 1 4 7 .35 - 1 4 8 .19 -147 .35 - 1 5 0 ... 70 -147 .35 - 1 4 6 . 52 -147 . 35 - 1 4 8 . 19 - 1 4 6 .52 - 1 5 0 .70 - 1 4 8 .19 - 1 4 7 .35 -149 .03 -150 .70 - 1 4 9 .03 -154 .89 -154.05 - 1 5 5 .73 - 1 5 5 .7.3 - 1 5 1 .54 - 1 5 4 .89 - 1 5 5 .73 -154 .05 - 1 5 9 .91 -154 .05 - 1 5 5 .73 -152 . 38 -154.05 - 1 5 5 .73 - 1 5 9 .07 - 1 5 4 .0 5 -152 .38 -154 .05 - 1 5 5 . 73 - 1 5 6 .56 -155 .73 - 1 5 6 . 56 - 1 5 7 .40 - 1 5 7 .40 - 1 5 5 .73 - 1 5 4 .89 - 1 5 4 .89 -154 .05 -154.89 - 1 5 4 .05 - 1 5 3 .21 - 1 5 4 .05 -151.77 - 150.97 -149.3 8 -148.58 -146.98 -148.58 -147,78 -.150. 9 7 -149.3 8 -147.78 -149.38 - 149.38 -150.97 -147.78 -150.97 -150.97 - 1 5 1 .77 -152. 57 -155.76 -156.55 -154.96 -156. 55 -156.55 -154.16 -156.55 -15 8.15 -155 .76 -155.76 -154.96 -158.15 -155.76 -156.55 -151.77 -155.76 -154.96 -154.96 -156.55 -154.96 - 155.76 -155.76 -156.55 - 1 5 8 . 15 -154.96 -155.76 -156.55 -1.56.55 -157.35 -156.55 0030 0100 0130 0200 023 0 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0 530 0600 0630 0700 0730 0800 0830 0900 093C 1000 10 30 1100 1130 1200 1230 130 0 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 160 0 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 190 0 1 93 0 2000 20 30 2100 2130 2200 2230 230 0 2330 1 5 0 CM DEPTH -153.91 -152.24 - 152.24 -148.91 -147.25 •- 1 4 9 . 75 - 1 4 8 .91 -149.75 -151.41 -149.75 -148.91 -148.91 -149.75 -151.41 -149.75 - 153.0 8 -154.74 -156.4.1 -156.41 -156.41 -154.74 -158.07 -156.41 -156.41 -156.4,1 -158.07 -156.41 -153.91 -153.91 - 1 5 8 .07 -157.24 -153.08 -153.91 -157.24 -157.24 -156.41 -157.24 -156.41 -155.58 -156.41 - 1 5 8 .0 7 -157.24 - 156.41 -157.24 -156.41 -158.07 -156.41 -155.58 DATE AID AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO A10 AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO A 10 AlO A1G AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO A 10 AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO A10 AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO AlO A 10 AlO AlO TIME (HOURS) OOCO 0030 ' 0100 0130 0200 0230 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0530 0600 063 0 0700 0 730 0800 0830 0900 0930 10G0 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 13 3 0 1400 1430 150G 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 18 30 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 164.47 163.72 161 .46 159.96 159.21 159.96 159 .96 160.71 159.96 160 .71 161.46 160.71 16 0.7 1 162.96 161.46 166.72 165 .22 164.47 167.47 165 .22 168.23 169.73 1 6 8 .98 170.48 170.48 170.48 168 . 2 3 170.48 175.74 16 8 . 2 3 171.98 172.74 1 7 5 .7 4 172.74 172.74 173.49 176.49 174.99 177.25 180.25 181.00 182.51 187.77 184.76 184.01 183.26 182.51 181.76 149.89 149.07 149.89 -154.05 -154.89 -154.0 5 -154.05 -154.89 -155.73 151.52 150.70 151.52 151 .52 151.52 152.34 152.34 153.15 153.97 153.15 153.97 153.97 154.79 157.24 156.42 158.87 158.05 15 8.05 157.24 158.87 15 8.87 158.05 155.60 154.79 155.60 157.24 155.60 155.60 157.24 157.24 156.42 158.05 156.42 158.87 159.69 1 6 2 . 14 160.51 162.14 161.32 168.67 166.2 2 162.96 162.96 1 5 9 .69 158.87 -155.73 -157.40 -158.24 -158.24 -159.07 -159.0 7 -159.91 -159.07 -159.91 -159.91 -160.7 5 -159.91 -161.59 -162.42 -161.59 -163.26 -16 3.26 -162.42 -164.10 -159.91 -157.40 -159.91 -164.10 -159.07 -159.07 -160.75 -163.26 -161.59 -164.10 -162.42 -164.10 -164.94 -165.77 -164.94 -164,94 -166.61 -172.47 -169 .96 -165.77 -166.61 -161.59 -164.10 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -156.55 -155.76 -155.76 -154.96 -156.55 -155.76 -.154. 16 -152 .57 -154.16 -155.76 -155.76 -156. 55 -156.55 -158.15 -.157.35 -156.55 -157.35 -158.95 -158.15 -159.74 -159.74 -160. 54 - 1 6 0 . 54 -159.74 -161.34 -160.54 -157.35 -15 9.74 -162.14 -155.76 -152.57 -159.74 - 1 6 2 . 14 -161.34 -161.34 -160.54 -162.14 - 1 6 1 .34 -163.73 -162.93 -163.73 -162.93 -166.92 -.166. 1 2 -162.93 -162.93 -158.15 -158.15 -155.58 -154.74 -155.58 -156.41 -156.4.1 -157.24 -156.41 -156.41 -157.24 -157.24 -158.07 -157.24 -158.07 -158.91 -158 .07 -158.91 -159.74 -158.07 -159.74 -159.74 -160.57 -160.57 -160.57 -161.41 - 1 5 9 .74 -158.07 -156.41 -161.41 -160.57 -157.24 -161.41 -158.91 -161.41 -159.74 - 1 5 9 .74 -160.57 - 159.74 -161.41 -163.07 -163.07 -163.07 -16.3.90 -168.07 -166.40 - 1 6 3 .07 -161.41 -159.74 -159.74 DATE All All All All All All All All A l l All All All All All All All All All All All All All A U All All A l l All All All All All All All All All A l l All All All All All Ail All All All A l l All All TIME (HOURS) 0000 0030 0100 0130 0200 0230 0300 0330 0400 0 430 0500 0530 0600 0630 070 0 0730 0800 083 0 0900 0930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 153 0 160 0 1630 1 7G0 1730 1800 1830 190 0 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 181.76 181.00 182.51 1 8 1 .00 181.00 180.25 18 0.25 180 . 2 5 181.00 177.25 181.00 181.00 184.01 182.51 184.76 184.01 184.01 - 1 5 8 .05 -157.24 - 1 5 8 . 05 -155.60 -156.42 -155.60 - 1 5 5 .60 -155.60 -156.42 - 154.79 -156.42 -156.42 -159.69 -156.42 -162.14 -159.69 -159.69 - 1 5 8.05 -161.32 - 1 6 2 . 14 - 1 6 2 .96 -162.96 - 1 6 0 . 51 -162.96 -161.32 -162.14 -15 9.69 -159.69 -158.87 -161.32 - 1 5 9 .69 -159.69 -162.42 -161.59 -159.91 - 1 5 7 . 40 -158 .24 - 1 5 8 .24 -156.56 -157.40 -159.07 -156.56 -158.24 -157.40 -162.42 -160.7 5 -161.59 -164.94 -162.42 -161.59 -164.10 -165.77 - 1 6 5 .77 -165.77 -164.94 -165.77 -165.77 -164.94 - 1 6 4 . 10 -163.26 -162.42 -166.61 -163.26 -164.10 -164.94 -167 .45 -168 .28 -168 .28 -170 .80 - 1 7 0 .80 -168.28 -170.80 -173.31 -173.31 -175.82 -177.49 -174.15 -174.15 -170.80 -164.94 - 1 5 8.15 -158.95 -159.74 - 157.35 -156.55 -154.96 -152.57 -154.16 -154.96 -154.16 -154.96 -154.96 - 1 5 8. 1 5 - 1 5 8 . 15 -157.35 -159.74 -156.55 -159.74 -161.34 -163.73 -163.73 -162.14 -162.93 -163.73 -164.53 -162.14 -161.34 -159.74 - 1 5 8.95 -162.93 -158.95 -160.54 - 1 5 9 . 74 -164.53 - 1 6 6 . 12 - 1 6 6 . 12 -163.73 -165.33 -162.93 -166.12 -166.92 -167.72 -166.92 - 1 7 0 . 11 -166.12 -165.33 -164.5 3 -158.95 18 2 . 51 183.26 183.26 185.51 184.76 182.51 184.76 184.01 183.26 1 8 1 .76 179.50 179.50 182.51 179.50 180.25 183.26 184.76 184.01 186.27 189.27 188.52 191.53 194.53 194.53 199.04 200.55 20 2 . 0 5 199.80 200.55 199.04 19 6 . 0 4 - 160.51 -163.77 -165.41 -165.41 - 1 6 6 .22 -165.41 -168.67 -169.49 -170.31 -171.12 -174.39 -176.84 -172.76 -172.76 - 1 7 1 .94 -167.86 - 159.74 -158.91 -158.07 -158.07 -157.24 -154.74 -152.24 -153.08 -154.74 -152.24 -155.58 -154.74 -158.91 -158.91 -160.57 -161.41 -158.07 -159.74 -159.74 -160.57 - 162.24 - 1 6 1 .41 -163.90 -161.41 - 1 6 2 .24 - 1 6 2 .24 -158.91 -159.74 - 1 5 8 .07 -161.41 -158.91 - 1 6 0 .57 -161.41 -163.07 - 1 6 3 .9G - 1 6 5 .57 -162.24 - 166.40 -163.90 -166.40 -165.57 - 1 6 7 .24 -170.57 -169.73 - 1 6 3 .90 -164.74 -161.41 -158.07 DATE A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A 12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 A12 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 0030 0100 0130 0200 023 0 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0530 0600 0630 0700 -194.5 3 -193.78 -193.78 - 193.78 -194.53 -193.78 -196.79 - 1 9 3 .78 -194.53 -193.03 -195.29 - 1 9 6 .79 - 2 0 0 . 55 -202.05 -211.82 -207.31 -202.05 -198.29 -198.29 -196.04 -199.04 - 1 9 6 .04 - 1 9 7 . 54 -202.05 - 1 9 9 .04 -196.79 -199.04 -200.55 -199.04 - 201.30 -202.05 - 2 0 8 .06 - 2 0 8 . 06 -208.06 -213.33 -213.33 -214.08 - 2 0 8 .82 -206.56 -208.06 -204.31 -203.55 -202.05 -204.31 -200.55 -196.04 -193.78 - 1 9 0 .02 0 73 0 0800 0 830 G9GG 0930 1000 103 0 11C0 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 153 0 16C0 1630 1700 173 0 1800 1830 19GG 1930 2000 2 03 0 21GC 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 6 0 CM DEPTH - 1 6 6 .22 - 1 6 3 .77 - 1 6 3 .77 - 1 6 4. 5 9 - 1 6 3 .77 - 1 6 3 .77 - 1 6 6 . 22 - 1 6 2 .96 - 1 6 3 .77 - 1 6 1 .32 - 1 6 2 . 14 - 1 6 4 .59 - 1 6 7 .86 - 1 7 0 .31 - 1 7 4 .39 - 1 7 1 .12 - 1 7 0 .31 - 1 6 7 .04 - 1 6 7 .86 - 1 6 7 .86 - 1 7 0 .31 - 1 6 8 .67 - 1 6 7 .86 - 1 7 4. 3 9 - 1 7 7 .66 -17 7 .66 - 1 6 9 .49 - 1 7 1 .94 - 1 7 1 .94 - 1 7 3 .57 - 1 7 4 .39 -176.84 - 1 7 5 .21 - 1 7 9. 2 9 -182 .56 - 1 8 0 .93 - 1 8 2 .56 - 1 7 9 .29 - 1 7 7 .66 - 1 8 1 .74 - 1 7 8 .48 - 1 7 7 .66 - 1 7 7 .66 -178.48 - 1 7 9 .29 - 1 7 6 .84 - 1 7 4 . 39 - 1 7 3 .57 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH 1 5 0 CM DEPTH -164.10 -164.10 -162.42 -165.77 -167.45 -165.77 -165.77 -164.94 -164.10 -162.42 -163.26 -164.10 -165.77 -167.45 - 1 7 3. 31 -169 .96 -169 . 12 -168.28 -167.45 -168.28 -169.96 -168.28 -171.63 -177.49 -172.47 -170.80 -169.96 -173.31 -171.63 -174.98 -174.98 -180.01 -174.98 -180.84 -182.52 -180.84 -18 3. 35 -178.33 -175 .82 -180.84 -178.33 -178.33 -178.33 -178.33 -176.66 -175.82 -174.15 -171.63 -157.35 -156.55 -156.55 -158.95 -160.54 -158.95 -156.55 - 157.3 5 -156.55 -155.76 -155.76 -158.95 -160.54 -162.14 -166.92 -162.93 - 1 5 9 . 74 - 1 5 8 . 95 - 159.74 -160.54 -159.74 -16 2.93 -1.63.73 - 1 7 0 . 11 -164.53 -163.73 -164.5 3 - 166.12 -165.33 -167.72 -165.33 - 1 7 0 . .11 -166.92 -171. 71 -174.90 -173.30 -169.31 -169.31 -167.72 -171.71 -168.52 -169.31 -170.91 -172. 50 -.167.72 -170.91 -167.72 - 163.73 -158.07 - 158.07 -155.58 -157.24 -161.41 -157.24 -156.41 -158.91 -155.58 -155.58 -155.58 - 159.74 - 1 6 0 .57 -161.41 -164.74 -165.57 -160.57 -161.41 -160.57 -159.74 -159.74 -165.57 -163.90 -166.4.0 -162.24 -1.62 . 2 4 - 1 6 2 .24 -163.90 -165.57 - 1 6 7 .24 -164.74 -168.90 -163.90 -172.23 -174.73 - 1 7 7 .23 -170.57 -170.57 -171.40 - 1 7 2 .23 -169.73 -169.73 - 1 6 9 .73 -169.73 -168.07 - 1 6 8 .90 -165.57 -162.24 DATE A13 A13 A13 A13 A13 'A 1 3 A13 A13 A13 A13 A 13 A13 A13 A13 A13 A13 A13 A13 A13 A 13 A13 A13 A13 A13 A13 A13 A 13 A13 A13 A 13 A13 A 13 A13 A 13 A13 A13 A13 A 13 A13 A13 A 13 A13 A13 A 13 A13 A13 A13 A13 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH oooo 187.77 184 .76 184.01 182.51 182.51 182.51 183.2 6 184.76 18 2 . 5 1 184.01 178.75 179.50 181.00 181.76 187.02 1 8 7 .77 187.77 194.53 189.27 191.53 190.02 189.27 189.27 190.02 187.02 190 .02 187.77 187.02 189.27 189.27 190.78 191.53 191.53 193.03 198.29 198.29 199.80 202.05 2 0 2 .80 202.80 202.80 208.06 205.81 207.31 204.31 2 0 2 .8 0 200.55 200.55 171.94 170.31 171.12 169.49 1 7 1 . 12 1 7 0 .31 170.31 171.12 171.12 171.94 169.49 167.86 171.94 172.76 177.66 178.48 177.66 182.56 177.66 182.56 178.48 177.66 1 7 6 .84 178.48 175.21 177.66 175.21 175.21 177.66 177.66 176.84 177.66 178.48 180.11 183.38 182.56 1 8 4 . 19 185.83 185.83 184.19 182.56 187.46 185.83 185.01 182.56 181.74 179.29 17 6.84 -171.63 -171.63 -171.63 -168.28 -169.12 -168 .28 -167.45 -169.12 -169.12 -167.45 -165.77 - 1 6 7 .45 -169 .96 - 1 7 1 .6.3 -175.82 -17 2 .47 -176.66 -180.01 -176.66 -180 .01 -177.49 - 1 7 6 .66 -17 4.15 -180.01 -175.82 -178 .33 -173.31 -174.15 -177.49 -178.33 -174.15 - 1 7 7 .49 -176.66 -178.33 -184.19 -184.19 -188.38 -181.68 -180.01 -180.01 -180.01 -182.52 -181 .68 -180.01 -179.17 -176 .66 -174.15 -172.47 -162.14 -161.34 -163.73 - 1 6 2 .14 -162.9 3 - 1 6 2 . 14 -162 .93 -162.93 -163.73 -159.74 -15 8.15 - 1 5 8 . 95 -16 2.14 -163.73 -167.72 -166.92 -169.31 -174.10 -166.92 -1.71.71 -170.11 -.169.31 -166.92 -171.71 -166.92 -169.31 -165.33 - 1 6 7 . 72 -169.31 -171.71 -170.11 -16.9.31 -167.72 -171.71 -171.71 -171.71 -170.91 -171.71 - 1 7 0 . 91 -171.71 -171.71 -173.30 -172.50 -172.50 -169.31 -164.53 -163.73 -164.5 3 0030 0100 0130 0200 023 0 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 0 530 0600 0630 0700 0730 0800 0830 0900 0930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 123 0 130 0 1330 1400 143 0 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 18 3 0 1900 1930 2000 20 30 2100 2130 2200 2230 2300 2330 - 1 6 0 .57 -159.74 -163.07 -161.41 -161.41 - 161.41 - 1 6 0 .57 -162.24 -162.24 - 1 6 2 .24 -.15 6 . 4 1 -160.57 -161.4.1 -163.90 -167.24 - 165.57 -169.73 -171.40 -169.73 -168.90 -168.07 -169.73 -168.07 -170.57 -167.24 - 164.74 -163.90 - 1 6 5 .57 -167.24 - 1 6 9 .73 -166.40 -166.40 -168.07 -169.73 -170.57 -170.57 -168.07 -170.57 -169.73 -169.73 -171.40 -173.90 - 173.90 -173.07 -168.90 -164.74 - 1 6 3 .07 -163.90 DATE A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 A14 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH OOCC -200.55 0030 -2G0.55 0100 -201.30 0130 -200.55 0200 -199.04 0230 -199.80 0300 -201.30 0330 -204.31 0400 -205.06 0430 -203.55 0500 -204.31 0530 -203.55 0600 -207.31 0630 -208.82 0700 -209.57 0730 -208.06 0800 -209.57 0830 - 2 0 9 . 57 0900 -208.82 0930 -209.57 1000 -210.32 1030 -208.82 1100 -212.57 1130 -209.57 1200 -213.33 1230 -210.32 1300 -209.57 1330 -204.31 1400 -206.56 1430 -202.05 1500 -206.56 1530 -205.06 1600 - 2 0 6 . 5 6 1630 -205.06 1700 -208.06 1730 -211.07 1800 -210.32 1830 -213.33 1900 -214,83 1930 -216.33 2000 -221.59 2030 -221.59 2100 -220.84 2 1 3 0 - 2 2 2 . 3 5 2200 -221.59 2230 -220.09 2300 -221.59 2330 -220.84 -176.84 -177.66 -176.84 -176.84 -176.02 -176.84 -177.66 -177.66 -178.48 -177.66 -176.84 -177.66 -179.29 -179.29 -185.01 -182.56 -183.38 -182.56 -184.19 -184.19 -185.83 - 1 8 4 . 19 -186.64 -185.83 -186.64 -184.19 -183.38 -178.48 -183.38 -177.66 -178.48 -180.1.1 -183.38 -184.19 -183.38 - 1 8 2 . 5 6 - 1 8 5 .83 -185.83 -187.46 -191.54 -190.73 -195.63 -193.18 -193.99 -193.18 -190.73 -190.73 -189.09 - 9 0 CM DEPTH -172.47 -172.47 -171.63 -172.47 -173.31 -173.31 -171.63 -176.66 -176.66 -172.47 -173.31 -173.31 -175.82 -174.98 - 1 8 0 , 0 1 -180.01 -180.01 -179.17 -182.52 - 1 8 1 . 6 8 -184.19 - 1 8 0 . 0 1 -185.03 -184.19 -183.35 -180.01 -180.84 -177.49 -180.01 -177.49 - 1 7 6 . 6 6 - 1 7 9 . 17 -179.17 -181.63 -177,49 -184.19 -185 . 0 3 -183.35 -185.03 -185.87 -184.19 -188.38 -185.03 -183.38 -187.54 -186.70 -184.19 -180.84 1 2 0 CM DEPTH -164.53 -164.53 -162.14 -161.34 -162.14 -161.34 -160.54 -162.14 -163.73 -162.14 -167.72 -161.34 -164.53 -164.53 -167.72 -167.72 -171.71 - 1 7 0 . 11 -169.31 - 1 7 0 . 1 1 ' -174.10 - 1 7 0 . 1.1 -175.69 -175.69 -174.10 - 1 7 0 . 9 1 - 1 6 8 . 5 2 -167.72 -167.72 -166.92 - 1 6 6 . 1 2 -167.72 -170.91 -170.91 -166.92 - 1 7 2 . 5 0 -.173.30 - 1 7 1 . 7 1 -171.71 - 1 7 3 . 3 0 -170.11 -178.09 -173.30 -175.69 -172.50 -171.71 - 1 7 1 . 7 1 -16 7.72 1 5 0 CM DEPTH -162.24 -163.07 -165.57 -166.40 -166.40 -165.57 -165.57 -165.57 -163.07 -162.24 -162.24 -164.74 -166.40 -164.74 -165.57 -167.24 - 1 6 8 . 0 7 -165.57 -171.40 -168.90 -172.23 -166.40 - 1 7 3 . 9 0 -171.40 -169.73 - 1 6 8 . 9 0 -167.24 -167.24 -165.57 -163.07 -164.74 -169.73 -166.40 -169.73 -169.73 -171.40 -171.40 -171.40 -172.23 -172.23 -170.57 -177.23 -172.23 -174.73 -171.40 -173.90 -168.90 -167.24 DATE A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A 15 A15 A15 A15 A15 Al 5 A15 A 15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A 15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A 15 A15 A15 A15 A 15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A 15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 A15 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 0030 0100 0130 02 0 0 0230 0300 0330 040 0 0430 0500 053 0 0600 0630 070 0 0730 0800 0830 090 0 0930 1000 103 0 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 133 0 1400 1430 15 0 0 153 0 1600 1630 170 0 1730 1800 183 0 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 22 30 2300 2330 218 .59 217.08 217.08 2 1 7 .84 217.84 217.08 217.08 2 1 7 .84 215.58 222.35 216 .33 219.34 219.34 221.59 219.34 221.59 221.59 222.35 222.35 223.85 223.85 222.35 222.35 218.59 219.34 220.09 218.59 -187.46 -185.83 -182.56 -185.01 - 1 8 2 .56 -183.38 -182.56 -180.93 -182.56 - 1 8 6 . 64 -183.38 -185.83 -185.01 -185.83 -188.28 -191.54 -187.46 -189.91 -188.28 - 1 9 0 . 73 -190.73 -189.91 -189.91 -187.46 -189.09 -189.91 -185.83 - 1 8 5 .83 -184.19 -189.09 -187.46 -189.91 -190.73 -193.99 -207.06 -210.33 -207.88 - 2 0 2 .98 -198,90 -204.61 -202.16 - 2 1 1 .15 -211.15 -208.70 -207.06 -202.98 - 2 0 2 .16 -202.98 -179.17 -178.33 -175.82 -177.49 - 1 7 6 .66 -177.49 -176.66 -175.82 -177.49 -178.33 -178 .33 -179.17 -178.33 -184.19 -185.0 3 -185.87 -181.68 -188.38 -185.03 -189.22 - 1 8 7 . 54 -185.87 -188.38 -186.70 -184.19 -183.35 -187.54 -184.19 -180.84 -173.33 -181.68 -185.03 -182.52 -189.22 -194.24 -200.10 -202.61 -192.56 -188.38 -193.40 -197.59 - 2 0 0 .94 -193.43 -195.91 - 1 9 5 .91 -190.05 -187.54 -190.05 - 1 6 6.92 -166.12 -163.73 -164.5 3 -163.7 3 -163.73 - 1 6 2 . 14 -163.73 -162.93 -165.33 -163.7 3 - 1 6 6 .12 -163.73 -166.92 -166.92 -171.71 -164.53 -172.50 -170.11 - 1 6 8 . 52 -172.50 -171.71 - 1 6 7 . 72 217 .84 215.58 219.34 2 1 7 .08 220.09 220.09 2 2 3 . 10 235.13 231.37 2 30.61 231.37 227.61 234.37 234.37 239.64 241.14 2 3 9 .64 237.38 236.63 235.88 236 .63 - 166.92 -170.91 -169.31 - 1 7 0 . 11 -171.71 -170.91 -166. 92 -166.92 -171.71 -174.10 -172.50 -182.87 -183.67 -181.28 -176.49 -180.48 -180. 4 8 -182.07 -18 7.66 -183.67 - 180.48 -178.88 -.174.90 -171.71 -175.69 -166.40 -165.57 -163.90 -163.90 -162.24 - 1 6 2 .24 -162.24 -163.07 -162.24 -163.07 -162.24 -164.74 - 1 6 3 .07 -164.74 -165.57 - 1 7 1 .40 -163.90 -169.73 -167.24 -168.90 -167.24 - 1 6 8 .90 -167.24 -168.07 -168.90 -167.24 -165.57 -168.07 -168.90 -163.07 -168.90 -168.07 -171.40 -173.07 -173.90 - 1 8 2 .23 -177.23 -173.90 -177.23 -174.73 -183.89 -184.73 -184.73 -179.73 -177.23 -176.40 -169.73 -173.90 DATE A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A 16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A 16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A 16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 A16 TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 12.0 CM DEPTH ooco 237.38 2 3 8 .88 239.64 239.64 2 37.38 2 38.13 238.88 244.15 238.88 2 42.64 236.63 239.64 241.14 238.13 2 3 8 .88 239.64 241.14 2 45.65 250.91 253.17 256.92 252.41 253.92 258.43 2 6 0 .68 259.18 248.66 244 .15 253.17 256.92 262.19 264.44 253.17 253.17 254.67 254.67 262.19 2 5 9 .18 260.68 261.43 264.4 4 2 6 9 ,70 2 70.45 268.20 26 8 . 2 0 267.45 262.94 262.94 -202.98 -202.98 -202.98 -201.35 -198.08 -199.71 -202.16 -202 .98 -198.90 -199.71 -194.81 -202 .16 -196.45 -192.36 -193.18 -198.90 -199.71 -205.43 -208.70 -212.78 -216.87 - 2 1 1 .15 -211.96 -216.87 -215.23 -216.05 -207.88 -210.33 -213 .60 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 - 2 1 6 .87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 - 2 1 6 .87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.87 -216.05 -191.73 -193.40 -185.87 -184.19 -185.03 -185 .03 -190.05 -186.70 - 1 8 4 . 19 -186.70 -187.54 -193.40 -1.82.52 -182.52 -185.03 -192.56 -193.40 -199.26 -201.77 -197.59 -205.12 -203.4 5 -205.96 -211.82 -208.47 -209.31 -197.59 -199 .26 -208 .47 -201.77 - 2 1 1 .82 -205.96 -206.80 -211.82 -208.4 7 -174.10 - 172.50 -171.71 - 1 7 0 . 11 -169.31 -174.90 -166.92 -170.11 -169.3 1 -171.71 -171.71 -171.71 -163.7 3 -167.72 -170.91 -174.10 -175.69 -179.68 -179.68 -178.09 -179.68 -192.44 003 0 01C0 0130 0200 02 3 0 0300 0330 0400 0430 0500 053 0 0600 0630 0700 073 0 08G0 0830 0900 0930 1000 103 0 1100 1130 1200 1230 1300 1330 1400 1430 1500 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1800 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 223 0 2300 2330 -206.80 " -211.82 -211.82 - 2 0 1 .77 -205.96 -211.82 -211.82 -210.15' -210.15 -209.31 -207.64 -208.47 -204.29 -183 .67 -188.45 -194.C4 -189.25 -180.48 -.178. 8 8 -179.68 -182.07 -194.04 -190.05 -183.67 -187. 66 -195.63 -188.45 -194.04 - 1 9 0 . 05 -182.07 -188.45 -190.85 -.191.64 -195.63 -191. 64 -192,44 -188.45 -190.0 5 -186.06 -172.23 -170.5 7 - 1 6 9 .7.3 -168.07 -171.40 -170.57 -168.07 -167.24 -165.57 -164.74 -165.57 -170.57 - 1 6 2 .2,4 -163.90 -168.07 -170.5 7 -176.40 -188.06 -173.90 -178 .06 -178.06 - 182.23 -183.06 -188.06 -191.39 -189.72 -182 .23 -179.73 -183.06 -178 .90 -188.06 - .189. 72 - 1 8 8 .06 -188.06 -188.89 -19.3.89 -196.39 -193.89 -188.06 -189.72 -194.72 - 198.88 -202.22 -195.5 5 -193.89 -190.56 -190.56 -179.73 DATE A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A 17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 A17 STOP EXECUTION 0 TERMINATED TIME (HOURS) 3 0 CM DEPTH 6 0 CM DEPTH 9 0 CM DEPTH 1 2 0 CM DEPTH OOOO 00 30 0100 013 0 0200 0230 0300 0330 0 400 0430 0500 0530 0600 0630 0700 073 0 080 0 0830 0900 0930 1000 1030 1100 1130 1200 1230 130 0 1330 1400 143 0 150 0 1530 1600 1630 1700 1730 1 8CC 1830 1900 1930 2000 2030 2100 2130 2200 2230 23GC 2330 - 2 6 2 . 19 -260.68 -262.19 -256.92 -256.92 -255.42 -259.18 -260.68 -262.19 -262.19 - 2 6 3 . 69 -264.44 -264.44 -268.20 -271.96 -279.47 -275.72 -27 7.97 -276.47 -279.47 - 2 7 9 . 47 -278.72 -274.21 -271.21 -271.96 -270.45 -265.94 -265.94 -266.70 -262.94 -268.20 -264.44 -264.44 - 2 6 5 . 94 -273.46 - 2 7 4 .21 -268.95 -272.71 - 2 7 1 .96 -277.22 -275.72 -278.72 - 2 8 0 .98 -283.23 -283.23 -280.23 -271.96 -274.21 -215.23 -214.42 -208.70 -207.06 -208.70 -206.25 -214.42 -214.42 -213.60 -209.51 -211.96 -214.42 -215.23 -216.87 - 2 1 6 . 87 -216.87 -228.30 - 2 2 9 . 12 -226.67 -234.02 -235.65 -230.75 -222.58 -225.03 -226.67 -223.40 -219.32 - 2 2 0 . 13 -220.13 -218.50 -220.95 -219.32 - 2 2 1 .77 -227.48 -229.12 -229.94 -225.03 -229.12 -231.57 -235.65 -234.84 -232.39 -238.10 -237.29 - 2 3 7 . 29 -233.20 -223.40 -228.30 -200.94 -197.59 - 1 9 5 .08 -193.40 -192.56 -193.40 -196.75 -196.75 -192.56 - 1 9 5 .08 -194.24 -195.08 -201.77 -204.29 -211.82 -211.82 -214.33 -216.84 - 2 1 9 .36 -223.54 -216.01 -216.01 -214.33 -211.82 - 2 1 8 . 52 -214.33 -203.4 5 -213.50 -205.9 6 -206.80 -206.80 -208.47 - 2 0 0 .94 -209.31 -211.82 -215.17 -210.15 -216.01 - 2 1 6 .84 -217.68 -216.0,1 - 2 1 6 .84 -216.84 -220.19 -218.52 -218.52 -205 .96 -205.96 -181.28 -174.90 -173.30 -174.90 -171.71 -175.69 -174.10 -172.50 -172.5 0 -174.10 -174.90 -174.10 -182.07 -185.26 -189. 25 -194.04 - 1 9 1 .64 -197.23 - 1 9 8 . 82 -193.24 -194.04 -195.63 -187.66 -192.44 - 1 8 7 . 66 -186.C6 -179.68 -184.47 -186.C6 -184.47 -182.87 -185.26 -183.67 -186.86 - 1 9 1 . 64 -194.04 -182.07 - 1 8 6 . 06 -184.47 -182.87 -182.87 -194.04 -194.04 -190.85 -193.24 -193.24 -182.07 -182.07 -175.56 -172.23 -170.57 -173.07 -173.90 -173.90 -173.07 -170.57 -168.90 -170.57 - 1 7 3 .07 -173.07 -186.39 - 1 9 0 .56 -191.39 -193.05 -193.89 -199.72 -196.39 -196.39 - 1 9 3 .89 -194.72 -190.56 - 1 9 1 .39 -188.06 -190.56 -180.56 -185.56 -185.56 -179.73 - 1 8 1 .39 -183.89 - 132.23 -179.73 -191.39 -192.22 - 1 8 8 .06 -183.89 -188.06 -188.06 - 1 9 0 .56 - 1 9 3 . 89 -194.72 - 1 9 3 .05 -196.3 9 -188.06 -182.23 -183.06 APPENDIX: V an D a i l y H y d r a u l i c Head and M a t r i c Suction Values for F i v e S o i l Depths f o r the Duration of the Study Date a 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 T* 30 -94.20 -103.11 -113.91 -125.82 -137.99 -153.15 -167.20 -183.14 -215.81 -237.89 -248.66 -273.70 -296.30 -325.43 -337.78 * H* T 60 -112.20 -133.11 -143.91 -155.82 -167.99 -183.15 -197.20 -213.14 -245.81 -267.79 -278.66 -303.70 -326.30 -355.43 -367.78 -56.48 -61.64 -67.04 -72.64 -78.40 -84.83 -92.51 -102.18 -116.03 -124.82 -139.59 -156.44 -174.91 -195.31 -210.32 H -116.48 -121.64 -127.04 -132.64 -138.40 -144.83 -152.51 -162.18 -176.03 -184.82 -199.59 -216.44 -234.91 -255.31 -270.32 • s o i l water suction in cm. H„0 * ^ * t o t a l potential in cm. H90 Depth (cm.) 90 T H -42..68 -44.71 -47.48 -50.81 -54.49 -58.66 -63..42 -68.57 -78.81 -83.54 -87.99 -104.52 -117.50 M30.72 -137.83 -132.68 -134.71 -137.48 -140.81 -144.49 -148.66 -153.42 -158.57 -168.81 -173.54 -177.99 -194.52 -207.50 -220.72 -227.83 T 120 -13.04 -14.37 -16.25 -19.63 -20.14 -22.16 -24.56 -26.85 -31.55 -32.90 -34.43 -39.53 -43.57 -48.17 -50.23 H -133.04 -134.37 -136.25 -139.63 -140.14 -142.16 -144.56 -146.85 -151.55 -.152.90 -154.43 -159.53 -163.57 -168.17 -170.23 T 150 23.57 21.18 19.20 18.63 17.65 17.13 13.20 7.30 4.69 4.12 3.56 -0.60 -1.22 -4.75 -5.28 H -126.43 -128.82 -130.80 -131.37 -132.35 -132.87 -136.80 -142.70 -145.31 -145.88 -146.44 -150.60 -151.22 -154.75 -155.28 APPENDIX. VI The Determination of the Hydraulic Conductivity Characteristic The h y d r a u l i c c o n d u c t i v i t y , k(T) was c a l c u l a t e d according tD the fallowing equation: C k(T) 2> [ L d (I/I )/dt] i s x 1440 min./day = dH/dZ where C = the slope of the neutron moisture meter c a l i b r a t i o n curve (0.491 (cm 3 cnf )/I/I ) 3 s dt = time i n t e r v a l (min.) L. = depth i n t e r v a l a s s o c i a t e d with measured I / I _ (cm.) X — 5 = hydraulic gradient d(I/I ) s -1 change i n r a t i o of neutron meter counts min. to neutron meter standard counts min. f o r time i n t e r v a l dt I ~ depth (cm.) T ~ t e n s i o n at 75 cm. n = number of depth intervals The h y d r a u l i c head g r a d i e n t , dH/dZ, i s computed by d i v i d i n g the mean d i f f e r e n c e i n H at 60 cm. and 75 cm. depths by 15 cm. i s assumed t o be the h y d r a u l i c g r a d i e n t at 75 cm. The above equation i s d e r i v e d by d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g the neutron meter c a l i b r a t i o n equation Rose's The with r e s p e c t to time and using equation. graph of k vs. T appears i n Figure 6 i n Chapter I I . This Determination Time, t (min.) 0 i = 6 0 cm. T* H* 9.30 T* H * -69.31 9.29 -84.29 -72.59 9.59 -84.59 15 12.59 45 31.84 -91.84 135 I = 7 5 cm. 4 5 . 9 0 -•105.90 4 5 . 6 1 - 120.61 1005 100.43- 160.43 86.23- 161.23 1155 1 0 4 . 8 7 -•164.87 91.15- 166.15 1440 113.25- 173.25 100.05- 175.05 2865 1 4 1 . 6 0 -•201.60 1 2 8 . 7 8 - 2 0 3 . 7 8 6795 1 6 4 . 9 5 -•224.95 1 5 0 . 9 7 - 2 2 5 . 9 7 9675 1 6 8 . 4 3 -•228.43 1 5 5 . 1 0 - 2 3 0 . 1 0 * cm. of H 0 o Characteristic L. d ( I / I ) d e p t h i n t e r v a l s o f l 0-37.5 67.5-75 37.5-52.5 52.5-67.5 s £L.d(I/l ) s 1 (cm.) k (T) cm./day (cm.) (cm.) (cm.) 0.89 1.5021 0.5183 0.4062 0.2370 2.6636 139.55 0.69 1.9630 0.7221 0.4388 0.3251 3.4490 117.32 0.55 0.3997 •.2110 0.2995 0.1225 1.0327 14.56 0.48 0.0181 0.0056 0.0183 0.0021 0.0441 1.06 0.24 0.0572 0.0236 0.0376 0.0227 0. 1 4 1 1 0.51 0.06 0.0010 0.0003 D.0006 0.0005 0.0024 0.16 0.10 0.0026 0.0009 0.0D19 0.0007 0.0054 0.13 0.13 0.0091 0.0045 0.0185 0.0027 0.0348 0.13 0.10 0.0262 0.0060 0.0205 0.0066 0.0593 0.10 0.09 D.0071 0.0065 0.0082 0.0018 0.0236 0.06 0.11 0.0372 0.0060 0.0075 0.0071 0.0578 0.05 (cm.) 38.81- 113.81 54.10- 114.10 174.11- 234.11 dH dZ Conductivity 25.62- 100.62 195 16830 of Hydraulic 160.90- 235.90 -kS- APPEWDIX VII Computation of Root Zone Drainage Using the Darcy Law Method Addendum 1. Total potential values computed 2. Matric are 3. The h y d r a u l i c Z k. = 6 0 cm. at soil Matric depths daily suction by a v e r a g i n g gradient, values the values = 75 values at soil half depth Z = 75 cm. f o r Z = 6 0 cm. a n d 90 cm. by s u b t r a c t i n g the total suction, the potential at difference, k ( T ) ,i s taken at the matric from cm. from 30 the T, a t s o i l cm. hydraulic depth cm. Drainage, gradient computed dH/dZ, i s c o m p u t e d conductivity, curve daily Z = 6 0 cm. a n d Z = 9 0 values a n d d i v i d i n g by t h e d e p t h conductivity 5. values and a r e average values. p o t e n t i a l a t Z = 9 0 cm. f r o m The h y d r a u l i c Z hourly and a r e average values. computed total half suction negative hourly are from are negative D, i s computed and h y d r a u l i c as t h e n e g a t i v e conductivity. product of the hydraulic CALCULATION OF ROOT ZONE DRAINAGE USING THE DARCY LAW METHOD Date 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Total Potential (cm. H20) .=60 1=90 -116.48 -121.64 -127.04 -132.64 -138.40 -144.83 -152.51 -162.18 -176.03 -184.82 -199.59 -216.44 -234.91 -255.31 -270.32 -132.68 -134.71 -137.48 -140.81 -144.49 -148.66 -153.42 -158.57 -168.81 -173.54 -177.99 -194.52 -207.50 -220.72 -227.83 Matric Suction (cm. H2O) Z = 60 Z = 75 Z = 90 56.48 61.64 67.04 72.64 78.40 84.83 92.51 102 ..18 116.03 124.82 139.59 156.44 174.91 195..31 210.32 49.58 53.18 57.26 61..73 66.45 71.75 77.97 85.38 97.42 104.18 113..79 130.48 146.21 163.01 174.08 42.68 44.71 47.48 50.81 54.49 58.66 63.42 68.57 78,81 . 83.54 87.99 104.52 117.50 130.72 137.83 d . JL /i m m */day H /., d -16.20/30 -13.07/30 -10.44/30 -8.17/30 -6.09/30 -3.83/30 -0.91/30 3.61/30 7.22/30 11.28/30 21.60/30 21.92/30 27.41/30 34.59/30 42.49/30 Z -.54 -.44 -.35 -.27 -.20 -.13 -.03 .12 .24 .38 .54 .73 .91 1.15 1.42 12.07 9.55 8.94 6.48 4.85 4.08 3.40 2.25 2.21 1.47 1.35 0.99 0.82 0.73 0.58 m m m m / H '/daV +6.52 +4.20 +3.13 + 1.75 +0.97 +0.53 +0.10 -0.27 -0.53 -0.56 -0.98 -0.72 -0..75 -0.84 -0.83 fl.PPE.NDIX VIII Computation of Root Zone Drainage Using the Water Balance Equation Addendum Root zone s o i l mater storage calculated by multiplying 30 cm. s o i l depth water content by 45 cm. and adding that value to the 60 cm. s o i l depth water content multiplied by 30 cm. Evapotranspiration values developed by Dr. T . A . Black, using Bowen ratio/energy balance method. Drainage, D, i s calculated by subtracting the daily evapotranspiration from the daily root zone s o i l water storage change. CALCULATION OF ROOT ZONE STORAGE USING UATER BALANCE METHOD Date 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Root Zone S o i l Water Storage 0 - 4 5 cm. 45 - 75 cm. 0 - 7 5 cm. cm. cm. cm. 12.735 11.925 11.295 10.845 10.395 10.035 9.810 9.585 9.405 9.225 9.090 8.955 8.865 8.730 8.685 8.640 7.350 6.960 6.660 6.420 6.210 6.060 5.910 5.760 5.610 5.490 5.340 5.190 5.070 4.950 4.890 4.860 20.085 18.885 17.955 17.265 16.605 16.D95 15.720 15.345 15.015 14.715 14.430 14.145 13.935 13.680 13.575 13.500 Change i n Root Zone Storage mm. 12.00 9.30 6.90 6.60 5.10 3.75 3.75 3.30 3.00 2.85 2.85 2.10 2.55 1.05 0.75 Evapotranspiration mm./day 4.34 4.39 4.03 4.20 4.15 4.08 4.65 4.80 2.40 3.84 4.29 3.61 3.10 1.46 3.18 Drainage mm./ ay +7.66 +4.91 +2.87 +2.40 +0.95 -0.33 -0.90 -1.50 +0.60 -0.99 -1.44 -1.51 -0.55 -0.41 -2.43 APPEIMDIX IX Comparison of Root Zone S o i l Water Depletion from Measured Values and Values Calculated Using Darcy Law Root Zone Drainage T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I 1 L I I I J I I I 1 8 9 IO II IZ 13 14 15 <G> IT IS 19 a© TIME (JULY DAYS) r I I 2 1 22.
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Development and application of a technique for evaluating root zone drainage Willington, Robert Peter 1971
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Title | Development and application of a technique for evaluating root zone drainage |
Creator |
Willington, Robert Peter |
Publisher | University of British Columbia |
Date Issued | 1971 |
Description | An understanding of the water balance of forest ecosystems is of benefit to foresters who manage second rotation stands. Maximizing the mean annual increment can be better realized if recognition is given to the importance of the water balance. One component of the water balance, root zone drainage, is not only important, but also difficult either to measure or calculate. In this study, root zone drainage during a two-week drying cycle was monitored by a method based on Darcy's Law. To implement the method, a tensiometer-pressure transducer system was developed which constantly monitored the soil water potential at five soil depths. The system was easily installed, required minimum maintenance and measured the potential of the soil water to within ± 1.8 cm. H₂O with a response time of less than five seconds. The cumulative root zone drainage for the two-week period was 11.72 mm. with an estimated maximum error of the daily drainage of ± 1.30 mm./day. Comparable root zone drainage derived from an independent but simultaneous evaluation by the water balance method was 9.33 mm. with an estimated maximum error of the daily drainage of ± 2.kl mm./day. Both positive and negative drainage to the root zone was observed. The negative drainage (water moving into the root zone) provides a supplementary supply of water to the root zone, thereby reducing the possibility of a soil water deficit occurring. |
Subject |
Forests and forestry Drainage |
Genre |
Thesis/Dissertation |
Type |
Text |
Language | eng |
Date Available | 2011-04-29 |
Provider | Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library |
Rights | For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use. |
DOI | 10.14288/1.0093276 |
URI | http://hdl.handle.net/2429/34177 |
Degree |
Doctor of Philosophy - PhD |
Program |
Forestry |
Affiliation |
Forestry, Faculty of |
Degree Grantor | University of British Columbia |
Campus |
UBCV |
Scholarly Level | Graduate |
Aggregated Source Repository | DSpace |
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