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Smith, Miranda Elizabeth

University of British Columbia

Background: Assessing objective dietary intake and appetite across the menstrual cycle is important for understanding energy balance in different populations and contexts. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to determine if energy intake and appetite sensations in both in- laboratory and free-living settings differ between two hormonally distinct menstrual cycle phases. Methods: Premenopausal females with normal menstrual cycles (i.e., ~month-apart) and no major comorbidities were tested during the late-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Cycle phases were identified using self-reported cycle history and urinary luteinizing hormone. Prior to each visit, participants were provided with a 2-day energy- balanced run-in diet (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 20% protein). Ad libitum energy intake was assessed from a single in-laboratory lunch meal and in a 2.5-day free-living setting via the weigh-and-measure technique. During each study visit, sensations of hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption (PFC) were rated using visual analog scales before a standardized breakfast meal at t = -2 and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after consuming a standardized breakfast meal and expressed as area under the curve. Free-living appetite ratings were expressed as daily mean ratings. Differences in energy intake and appetite between the two menstrual cycle phases were assessed using Paired samples t-tests. Two-way repeated measures Analysis of variance tests were used to assess main or interaction effects in repeated in- laboratory appetite ratings. Results: Thirteen participants were included (mean ± SD or median [IQR]; age: 21 [19-23] years, body mass index: 21.3 ± 1.6 kg/m2). There were no differences in energy intake between the late-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in either in-laboratory (P = 0.444) or free-living settings (P = 0.635). Additionally, in-laboratory ratings of appetite hunger, satiety, and PFC did not differ between the late-follicular or mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle (all P > 0.05). There were no differences in daily mean ratings of hunger, satiety, or PFC during a 2.5-day free-living period (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the current data suggests there are no differences in objectively measured energy intake or self-reported appetite between phases of the menstrual cycle.

Text

2024-08-27

Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

http://hdl.handle.net/2429/89051

Biology

University of British Columbia

UBCO

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/