Open Collections

Chua, ZhiYuan

University of British Columbia

Since congestion tolling may be too politically and operationally costly to gain wider adoption, I investigate the use of a dynamic parking arrival levy for road congestion management to gain a better understanding of its viability. I use the bottleneck model and consider two travel modes, parking and non-parking, sharing the same bottleneck. I examine three pairs of scenarios corresponding to the congestion management policy: doing nothing, using tolls, and using dynamic parking levies. Each pair of scenarios consists of one with a profit-maximizing parking operator and the other without. A parking charge is referred to as a levy if applied by the social planner, and as a fee if imposed by the operator. The planner sets the tolls or parking levies to maximize social welfare before the operator sets the parking fee schedule in the Stackelberg game. Without the parking fee, a dynamic parking levy eliminates queuing by the parkers and therefore its effectiveness hinges on the parking mode share. The parking levy relies on providing time-varying subsidies that replicate the tolling dynamics to induce travel away from the peak. It yields the highest surplus for the travellers and also achieves substantial welfare gains over the do-nothing scenarios. Remarkably, the strategic interaction with the operator renders the dynamic parking levy completely ineffective in reducing queuing. In contrast to the neutrality of tolling, the parking levy becomes irrelevant because it serves as a strategic substitute to the parking fee. I extend the model to study an exogenous dynamic surcharge on the alternative mode that mimics the first-best tolling to a partial extent. I find that the surcharge reduces queuing intensities despite being confined to the alternative mode. It can be a substitute for tolling and complements the dynamic parking levy.

Text

2023-07-28

Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

http://hdl.handle.net/2429/85333

Business Administration - Transportation and Logistics

University of British Columbia

UBCV

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/