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The Praise of the Bees, Exultet Hymn Germanidou, Sophia

Description

The medieval hymn Exultet was probably compiled around the 5th - 6th century by an unknown author (probably Saint Augustine, Ambrose, or Jerome). It was chanted before the paschal candle during the Easter Vigil in the Roman Rite of Mass (Easter Proclamation). It was named after the first word of the hymn Exultet iam angelica turba coelorum...and contains references to resurrection and eschatology. of special and particular interest is the part of the hymn known as the Praise of the Bees, which forms an exclamation of the insect as creator of the holy wax, the honey, and as a symbol of Virgin Mary due to its reputed -then- physical chastity. There were two textual versions of the hymn, the earliest Beneventan and the later Franco-roman version. Illustrated scrolls of the hymn were created in monasteries in southern Italy from the early 10th to 15th century.