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Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle Wiedeman, Alejandra M.; Barr, Susan I.; Green, Timothy J.; Xu, Zhaoming; Innis, Sheila M.; Kitts, David D.

Abstract

Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and therefore, choline is involved in a broad range of critical physiological functions across all stages of the life cycle. The current dietary recommendations for choline have been established as Adequate Intakes (AIs) for total choline; however, dietary choline is present in multiple different forms that are both water-soluble (e.g., free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine) and lipid-soluble (e.g., phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). Interestingly, the different dietary choline forms consumed during infancy differ from those in adulthood. This can be explained by the primary food source, where the majority of choline present in human milk is in the water-soluble form, versus lipid-soluble forms for foods consumed later on. This review summarizes the current knowledge on dietary recommendations and assessment methods, and dietary choline intake from food sources across the life cycle.

Item Metadata

Title
Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle
Creator
Wiedeman, Alejandra M.; Barr, Susan I.; Green, Timothy J.; Xu, Zhaoming; Innis, Sheila M.; Kitts, David D.
Contributor
Children's Hospital (Vancouver, B.C.). Research Institute; University of British Columbia. Food, Nutrition and Health Program
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Date Issued
2018-10-16
Description
Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and therefore, choline is involved in a broad range of critical physiological functions across all stages of the life cycle. The current dietary recommendations for choline have been established as Adequate Intakes (AIs) for total choline; however, dietary choline is present in multiple different forms that are both water-soluble (e.g., free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine) and lipid-soluble (e.g., phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). Interestingly, the different dietary choline forms consumed during infancy differ from those in adulthood. This can be explained by the primary food source, where the majority of choline present in human milk is in the water-soluble form, versus lipid-soluble forms for foods consumed later on. This review summarizes the current knowledge on dietary recommendations and assessment methods, and dietary choline intake from food sources across the life cycle.
Subject
Choline; Dietary choline forms; Human milk; Breast milk; Dietary recommendations; Adequate intake; Dietary assessment
Genre
Article
Type
Text
Language
eng
Date Available
2019-06-17
Provider
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Rights
CC BY 4.0
DOI
10.14288/1.0379460
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/2429/70662
Affiliation
Other UBC; Non UBC
Citation
Nutrients 10 (10): 1513 (2018)
Publisher DOI
10.3390/nu10101513
Peer Review Status
Reviewed
Scholarly Level
Faculty
Rights URI
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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CC BY 4.0