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Title	Using dialogic knowledge exchange to address tobacco use among marginalized youth
Creator	Johnson, Joy Haines, Rebecca Repta, Robin Frohlich, Katherine
Contributor	University of British Columbia. NEXUS Spring Institute
Date Issued	2009-04
Description	Research shows that tobacco smoking rates are increasingly socially differentiated; for example, socially marginalized youth are more likely to smoke cigarettes than their well-off peers. To reach marginalized youth, tobacco control practitioners need to use reflexive approaches that account for the social context of tobacco use. However, previous research has revealed that tobacco control practitioners are often unsure of how to address the needs of socially marginalized youth, as the majority of research on youth smoking is typically limited to the physiological aspects of nicotine addiction and peer-based social pressures. To address this knowledge-practice gap, the project “New Approaches to Addressing Social Inequalities in Tobacco Use Among Youth“ aims to pilot creative knowledge exchange methods to encourage reflexivity among tobacco control practitioners and awareness of why marginalized youth are more likely to smoke. Our presentation will describe our attempts to enhance conventional qualitative methods with dialogical activities to facilitate exchange between practitioners and youth smokers. Specifically, we discuss our experiences conducting 27 focus group discussions with youth in Montreal and Vancouver, and 25 one-to-one interviews with practitioners in both cities. Next, we offer a glimpse of our ongoing experiences creating a video presentation based on materials from our focus groups with youth, and our plans to share this video with practitioners at an ‘exchange day’ as an ethical and practical means of promoting discussion between practitioners and youth. The goal of these dialogical activities is to enhance practitioners’ understanding of how youth smoking behaviour is shaped by aspects of the social context, including gender, poverty and disadvantage, so that future tobacco interventions can better address the needs and experiences of marginalized youth.
Extent	421527 bytes
Subject	Social context Smoking Youth Knowledge exchange Health behaviour
Genre	Conference Paper
Type	Text
FileFormat	application/pdf
Language	eng
Date Available	2009-11-25
Provider	Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Rights	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
DOI	10.14288/1.0103686
URI	http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15794
Affiliation	Applied Science, Faculty of Nursing, School of
Peer Review Status	Unreviewed
Scholarly Level	Faculty Researcher
Rights URI	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
AggregatedSourceRepository	DSpace

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Robin Repta, MA, Rebecca J. Haines, PhD, Joy L. Johnson, RN, PhD & Katherine L. Frohlich, PhD Using Dialogic Knowledge Exchange to Address Tobacco Use Among Marginalized Youth Presentation Outline y Overview of project y Methodology y Results y Ethical knowledge exchange with youth Project Overview y Why are lower socio-economic status (SES) youth more likely to smoke? y Reflexivity among practitioners y Knowledge about the social context of tobacco use y 25 one-to-one interviews with practitioners y 27 focus group discussions with youth y Promote dialogue between practitioners and youth Theoretical background: Social Context y “We use the prefix ‘social’ (as in social context), not to downplay the importance of biology or physical environment… but to underscore the importance of social relations and social structures. It is the local configuration of social relations… that constitute context…” (Poland et al. 2006: 60). Method Vancouver Montreal Low smoking rates High smoking rates Public indoor smoking ban since 1996 Public indoor smoking ban since 2006 Both urban centres with inner-city schools Census data used to identify high and low SES schools ‘Index defavorise’ used to identify high and low SES schools All youth = 13-19 years old, smokers, spoke English or French Results - Practitioners y Individual level influences, peer pressure and ‘risky’ behaviours: y “Why kids would start smoking?  I think there’s still, I know people hate to hear peer pressure, but I still think that the social context of being one with the group is important and…there’s a lot of risk-takers… there’s high-risk behaviour that goes hand-in-hand of course with smoking.” [Female practitioner, Tobacco Education Group] Results - Practitioners y ‘Youth lack awareness’: y “Quite often people just don’t know what the different damaging things [are] that tobacco can do to them, particularly the youth, because they tend to have the…very sort of ‘nothing’s going to get me’…you know?” [Male practitioner, Non profit tobacco reduction association] Results - Youth y Youth are critical of tobacco control: too ‘extreme’, becoming redundant y “It seems redundant because I mean there’s nobody who doesn’t know smoking is bad for you, I mean you learn in school, you learn from commercials, you learn from advertisements, you learn from your parents or whatever…I think there should be less put on that, maybe more put on other things, because I mean… we already know.” [Female smoker, age 16] Results - Youth y ‘Peer pressure’ is outdated, practitioners don’t understand social influences: y “…They always emphasize on peer pressure but I don’t, I think like 90% of people are their own selves to make their own decisions nowadays… it’s not just, like, ‘Oh my god, I want to fit in with these people’…” [Boy smoker, age 16] Results - Practitioners y Smoking as a ‘dumb’ or ‘bad’ choice – reinforces idea that smoking is a personal struggle: y “I think that in terms of the attitudes in our community, it’s certainly changed dramatically in that youth do see smoking as, um, as a ‘dumb’ choice…” [Female practitioner, Health authority] Results - Youth S: I don’t know, it’s become like such a trend like to people, like, the tight pants and, like, the skinny jeans... I think especially right now everyone’s trying to go through that, like, I’m artsy, like, my parents don’t love me like… C: ‘I go downtown, I drink all the time, like, I do drugs and stuff and they’re all trying to, like S: --Rebel-- C: It’s such an image now, like, and smoking goes along with that image. [Female smokers, S age 17, C age 16] Results summary y Practitioners suggested individual-level initiatives: { Funding for nicotine replacement therapy { Address ‘peer pressure’ { Socio-cultural and family influences of smoking y Targeted approaches for at-risk youth y Deterministic perspective concerning familial smoking y Youth think current tobacco control initiatives are out of touch with their lives and not addressing the ‘real’ issues Knowledge Exchange y Exchange day: a safe space to encourage dialogue y Collaborative process y Labonte et al.’s “story dialogue method” y Workshop format y Case studies Dialogical research y “Dialogue begins with recognition of the other’s unfinalizability. Within a dialogical relation, one person can never say of another, “This is who such a person is.” One can say, at most, “This how I see this person now, but I cannot know what she or he will become.” Dialogue depends on perpetual openness to the other’s capacity to become someone other than whoever she or he already is. Moreover, in a dialogical relation, any person takes responsibility for the other’s becoming, as well as recognizing that the other’s voice has entered” (Frank, 2005: 967). Challenges y Scheduling practitioners and youth y Asking youth to speak to health professionals about their experiences y A more equitable approach? Producing a video… The video y Currently creating a video based on youth’s experiences y Professional actors y Dramaturge hired to write the script y Youth acting as advisors to the production team y Video is a tool to foster discussion, only one piece of the KE process Video Script Images of Public Health administration and Tobacco Control bureaucracy environments: imposing buildings, echoing hallways, offices, communications equipment, cubicles, maybe someone settling in or shuffling at a desk, etc. [Practitioner Intro] Collage of overlapping voices: Interviewer: So I want to start off by asking just generally, what it is that you do? y Practitioner 1: I work with Ministry of Health and Health Canada on tobacco prevention programs and tobacco cessation programs for youth / y Practitioner 3: My position is tobacco reduction coordinator / y Practitioner 5: Right, I’m a prevention specialist / y Practitioner 7: I’m a youth support worker in the school / Video Script The Focus Group settles in: forms are signed, name tags are stuck on, the Dictaphone is switched on. y Interviewer: Ok. If everyone could please make sure your cell phones are turned off? So if we can go around the table and you can say your name just so the recorder can pick it up, and maybe how long you’ve smoked for?  [The following youth presentations progressively overlap, so it becomes a burble of introductions.] y Brian: I guess, I start? Okay, is it like an interview? So, Brian, I’m fifteen, I’ve been smoking since I was twelve. y Oscar: I’m Oscar, I’m fifteen and I’ve been smoking for two years. y Sharon: Sharon, sixteen, I’ve been smoking for three years. y Katie:  I’m Katie, I’ve been smoking for four years and I’m sixteen as well. y Trisha: I’m Trisha, um, I’m fifteen, I think I started smoking in grade nine so that was, like, two years ago. y Cass: Uh I’m Cass, close to seven years, a few months shy, I think. And I’m seventeen. [girls laugh] Video Script [Young Smokers Today] y Brian: It feels pretty cool. y Oscar: I don’t know,it feels good. y Terry: The head rush.  Uhhh, I don’t know. y Warren: Yeah it makes you relax. y Sue: Expensive. y April: It’s expensive.  Old people don’t like us. I don’t know, I want to quit. y May: It’s hard to find a smoke. y Nikki: People stare at us funny, like older people, like they give us dirty looks when they probably did it when they were younger. Conclusion y Tobacco control is not meeting the needs of youth, marginalized or privileged youth y More knowledge exchange work is needed to bridge these two groups and to inform tobacco control

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